Sicken

Sick"en, v. i.

1. To become sick; to fall into disease.

The judges that sat upon the jail, and those that attended, sickened upon it and died. Bacon.

2. To be filled to disgust; to be disgusted or nauseated; to be filled with abhorrence or aversion; to be surfeited or satiated.

Mine eyes did sicken at the sight. Shak.
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3. To become disgusting or tedious.

The toiling pleasure sickens into pain. Goldsmith.

4. To become weak; to decay; to languish.

All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink. Pope.

Sickening

Sick"en*ing (?), a. Causing sickness; specif., causing surfeit or disgust; nauseating. -- Sick"en*ing*ly, adv.

Sicker

Sick"er (?), v. i. [AS. sicerian.] (Mining) To percolate, trickle, or ooze, as water through a crack. [Also written sigger, zigger, and zifhyr.] [Prov. Eng.]

Sicker, Siker

Sick"er, Sik"er, a. [OE. siker; cf. OS. sikur, LG. seker, D. zeker, Dan. sikker, OHG. sihhur, G. sicher; all fr. L. securus. See Secure, Sure.] Sure; certain; trusty. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.
When he is siker of his good name. Chaucer.

Sicker, Siker

Sick"er, Sik"er, adv. Surely; certainly. [Obs.]
Believe this as siker as your creed. Chaucer.
Sicker, Willye, thou warnest well. Spenser.

Sickerly, Sikerly

Sick"er*ly, Sik"er*ly, adv. Surely; securely. [Obs.]
But sikerly, withouten any fable. Chaucer.

Sickerness, Sikerness

Sick"er*ness, Sik"er*ness, n. The quality or state of being sicker, or certain. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Sickish

Sick"ish, a.

1. Somewhat sick or diseased.

2. Somewhat sickening; as, a sickish taste. -- Sick"ish*ly, adv. -- Sick"ish*ness, n.

Sickle

Sic"kle (?), n. [OE. sikel, AS. sicol; akin to D. sikkel, G. sichel, OHG. sihhila, Dan. segel, segl, L. secula, fr. secare to cut; or perhaps from L. secula. See Saw a cutting instrument.]

1. A reaping instrument consisting of a steel blade curved into the form of a hook, and having a handle fitted on a tang. The sickle has one side of the blade notched, so as always to sharpen with a serrated edge. Cf. Reaping hook, under Reap.

When corn has once felt the sickle, it has no more benefit from the sunshine. Shak.

2. (Astron.) A group of stars in the constellation Leo. See Illust. of Leo. Sickle pod (Bot.), a kind of rock cress (Arabis Canadensis) having very long curved pods.

Sicklebill

Sic"kle*bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of three species of humming birds of the genus Eutoxeres, native of Central and South America. They have a long and strongly curved bill. Called also the sickle-billed hummer. (b) A curlew. (c) A bird of the genus Epimachus and allied genera.

Sickled

Sic"kled (?), a. Furnished with a sickle.

Sickleman

Sic"kle*man (?), n.; pl. Sicklemen (. One who uses a sickle; a reaper.
You sunburned sicklemen, of August weary. Shak.

Sickler

Sic"kler (?), n. One who uses a sickle; a sickleman; a reaper.

Sickless

Sick"less (?), a. Free from sickness. [R.]
Give me long breath, young beds, and sickless ease. Marston.

Sicklewort

Sic"kle*wort` (?), n. [AS. sicolwyrt.] (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Coronilla (C. scorpioides); -- so named from its curved pods. (b) The healall (Brunella vulgaris).

Sicklied

Sick"lied (?), a. Made sickly. See Sickly, v.

Sickliness

Sick"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sickly.

Sickly

Sick"ly (?), a. [Compar. Sicklier (?); superl. Sickliest.]

1. Somewhat sick; disposed to illness; attended with disease; as, a sickly body.

This physic but prolongs thy sickly days. Shak.

2. Producing, or tending to, disease; as, a sickly autumn; a sickly climate. Cowper.

3. Appearing as if sick; weak; languid; pale.

The moon grows sickly at the sight of day. Dryden.
Nor torrid summer's sickly smile. Keble.

4. Tending to produce nausea; sickening; as, a sickly smell; sickly sentimentality. Syn. -- Diseased; ailing; infirm; weakly; unhealthy; healthless; weak; feeble; languid; faint.

Sickly

Sick"ly, adv. In a sick manner or condition; ill.
My people sickly [with ill will] beareth our marriage. Chaucer.

Sickly

Sick"ly, v. t. To make sick or sickly; -- with over, and probably only in the past participle. [R.]
Sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. Shak.
Sentiments sicklied over . . . with that cloying heaviness into which unvaried sweetness is too apt to subside. Jeffrey.

Sickness

Sick"ness, n. [AS. se\'a2cness.]

1. The quality or state of being sick or diseased; illness; sisease or malady.

I do lament the sickness of the king. Shak.
Trust not too much your now resistless charms; Those, age or sickness soon or late disarms. Pope.

2. Nausea; qualmishness; as, sickness of stomach. Syn. -- Illness; disease; malady. See Illness.

Sicle

Si"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. silcus, Heb. shegel. See Shekel.] A shekel. [Obs.]
The holy mother brought five sicles and a pair of turtledoves to redeem the Lamb of God. Jer. Taylor.

Sida

Si"da (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of malvaceous plants common in the tropics. All the species are mucilaginous, and some have tough ligneous fibers which are used as a substitute for hemp and flax. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Siddow

Sid"dow (?), a. Soft; pulpy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Side

Side (?), n. [AS. s\'c6de; akin to D. zijde, G. seite, OHG. s\'c6ta, Icel. s\'c6, Dan. side, Sw. sida; cf. AS. s\'c6d large, spacious, Icel. s\'c6 long, hanging.]

1. The margin, edge, verge, or border of a surface; especially (when the thing spoken of is somewhat oblong in shape), one of the longer edges as distinguished from the shorter edges, called ends; a bounding line of a geometrical figure; as, the side of a field, of a square or triangle, of a river, of a road, etc.

3. Any outer portion of a thing considered apart from, and yet in relation to, the rest; as, the upper side of a sphere; also, any part or position viewed as opposite to or contrasted with another; as, this or that side. <-- any part of the surface which can be viewed from one vantage point. -->

Looking round on every side beheld A pathless desert. Milton.

4. (a) One of the halves of the body, of an animals or man, on either side of the mesial plane; or that which pertains to such a half; as, a side of beef; a side of sole leather. (b) The right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body; as, a pain in the side.

One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side. John xix. 34.

5. A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered as opposed to another slope over the ridge.

Along the side of yon small hill. Milton.

6. The position of a person or party regarded as opposed to another person or party, whether as a rival or a foe; a body of advocates or partisans; a party; hence, the interest or cause which one maintains against another; a doctrine or view opposed to another.

God on our side, doubt not of victory. Shak.
We have not always been of the . . . same side in politics. Landor.
Sets the passions on the side of truth. Pope.

7. A line of descent traced through one parent as distinguished from that traced through another.

To sit upon thy father David's throne, By mother's side thy father. Milton.

8. Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with some other; as, the bright side of poverty. By the side of, close at hand; near to. -- Exterior side. (Fort.) See Exterior, and Illust. of Ravelin. -- Interior side (Fort.), the line drawn from the center of one bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain produced to the two oblique radii in front. H. L. Scott. -- Side by side, close together and abreast; in company or along with. -- To choose sides, to select those who shall compete, as in a game, on either side. -- To take sides, to attach one's self to, or give assistance to, one of two opposing sides or parties.

Side

Side (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to a side, or the sides; being on the side, or toward the side; lateral.

One mighty squadron with a side wind sped. Dryden.

2. Hence, indirect; oblique; collateral; incidental; as, a side issue; a side view or remark.

The law hath no side respect to their persons. Hooker.

3. [AS. s\'c6d. Cf Side, n.] Long; large; extensive. [Obs. or Scot.] Shak.

His gown had side sleeves down to mid leg. Laneham.
Side action, in breech-loading firearms, a mechanism for operating the breech block, which is moved by a lever that turns sidewise. -- Side arms, weapons worn at the side, as sword, bayonet, pistols, etc. -- Side ax, an ax of which the handle is bent to one side. -- Side-bar rule (Eng. Law.), a rule authorized by the courts to be granted by their officers as a matter of course, without formal application being made to them in open court; -- so called because anciently moved for by the attorneys at side bar, that is, informally. Burril. -- Side box, a box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater.
To insure a side-box station at half price. Cowper.
-- Side chain, one of two safety chains connecting a tender with a locomotive, at the sides. -- Side cut, a canal or road branching out from the main one. [U.S.] -- Side dish, one of the dishes subordinate to the main course. -- Side glance, a glance or brief look to one side. -- Side hook (Carp.), a notched piece of wood for clamping a board to something, as a bench. -- Side lever, a working beam of a side-lever engine. -- Side-lever engine, a marine steam engine having a working beam of each side of the cylinder, near the bottom of the engine, communicating motion to a crank that is above them. -- Side pipe (Steam Engine), a steam or exhaust pipe connecting the upper and lower steam chests of the cylinder of a beam engine. -- Side plane, a plane in which the cutting edge of the iron is at the side of the stock. -- Side posts (Carp.), posts in a truss, usually placed in pairs, each post set at the same distance from the middle of the truss, for supporting the principal rafters, hanging the tiebeam, etc. -- Side rod. (a) One of the rods which connect the piston-rod crosshead with the side levers, in a side-lever engine. (b) See Parallel rod, under Parallel. -- Side screw (Firearms), one of the screws by which the lock is secured to the side of a firearm stock. -- Side table, a table placed either against the wall or aside from the principal table. -- Side tool (Mach.), a cutting tool, used in a lathe or planer, having the cutting edge at the side instead of at the point. -- Side wind, a wind from one side; hence, an indirect attack, or indirect means. Wright.

Side

Side, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sided; p. pr.& vb. n. Siding.]

1. To lean on one side. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To embrace the opinions of one party, or engage in its interest, in opposition to another party; to take sides; as, to side with the ministerial party.

All side in parties, and begin the attack. Pope.

Side

Side, v. t.

1. To be or stand at the side of; to be on the side toward. [Obs.]

His blind eye that sided Paridell. Spenser.

2. To suit; to pair; to match. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. (Shipbuilding) To work (a timber or rib) to a certain thickness by trimming the sides.

4. To furnish with a siding; as, to side a house.

Sideboard

Side"board` (?), n. A piece of dining-room furniture having compartments and shelves for keeping or displaying articles of table service.
At a stately sideboard, by the wine, That fragrant smell diffused. Milton.

Sidebone

Side"bone` (?), n. (Far.) A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter and at the sides of the coronet and coffin bone of a horse. J. H. Walsh.

Sided

Sid"ed (?), a. Having (such or so many) sides; -- used in composition; as, one-sided; many-sided.

Sidehill

Side"hill` (?), n. The side or slope of a hill; sloping ground; a descent. [U. S.]

Sideling

Side"ling (?), adv. [OE. sideling, fr. side side. See Side, and cf. Sidelong, Headlong.] Sidelong; on the side; laterally; also, obliquely; askew.
A fellow nailed up maps . . . some sideling, and others upside down. Swift.

Sideling

Side"ling, a. Inclining to one sidel directed toward one side; sloping; inclined; as, sideling ground.

Sidelong

Side"long` (?), adv. [See Sideling, adv.]

1. Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side.

2. On the side; as, to lay a thing sidelong. [See Sideling, adv. ] Evelyn.

Sidelong

Side"long`, a. Lateral; oblique; not being directly in front; as, a sidelong glance.
The bashful virgin's sidelong looks of love. Goldsmith.

Sidepiece

Side"piece` (?), n. (Joinery) The jamb, or cheek, of an opening in a wall, as of door or window.

Sider

Sid"er (?), n. One who takes a side.

Sider

Si"der (?), n. Cider. [Obs.]

Sideral

Sid"er*al (?), a. [L. sideralis. See Sidereal.]

1. Relating to the stars.

2. (Astrol.) Affecting unfavorably by the supposed influence of the stars; baleful. "Sideral blast." Milton.

Siderated

Sid"er*a`ted (?), a. [L. sideratus, p. p. of siderari to be blasted by a constellation, fr. sidus, sideris, a constellation.] Planet-struck; blasted. [Obs.]

Sideration

Sid`er*a"tion, n. [L. sideratio.] The state of being siderated, or planet-struck; esp., blast in plants; also, a sudden and apparently causeless stroke of disease, as in apoplexy or paralysis. [Obs.] Ray.

Sidereal

Si*de"re*al (?), a. [L. sidereus, from sidus, sideris, a constellation, a star. Cf. Sideral, Consider, Desire.]

1. Relating to the stars; starry; astral; as, sidereal astronomy.

2. (Astron.) Measuring by the apparent motion of the stars; designated, marked out, or accompanied, by a return to the same position in respect to the stars; as, the sidereal revolution of a planet; a sidereal day. Sidereal clock, day, month, year. See under Clock, Day, etc. -- Sideral time, time as reckoned by sideral days, or, taking the sidereal day as the unit, the time elapsed since a transit of the vernal equinox, reckoned in parts of a sidereal day. This is, strictly, apparent sidereal time, mean sidereal time being reckoned from the transit, not of the true, but of the mean, equinoctial point.

Siderealize

Si*de"re*al*ize (?), v. t. To elevate to the stars, or to the region of the stars; to etherealize.
German literature transformed, siderealized, as we see it in Goethe, reckons Winckelmann among its initiators. W. Pater.

Sidereous

Si*de"re*ous (?), a. [L. sidereus.] Sidereal. [Obs.]

Siderite

Sid"er*ite, n. [L. sideritis loadstone, Gr.

1. (Min.) (a) Carbonate of iron, an important ore of iron occuring generally in cleavable masses, but also in rhombohedral crystals. It is of a light yellowish brown color. Called also sparry iron, spathic iron. (b) A meteorite consisting solely of metallic iron. (c) An indigo-blue variety of quartz. (d) Formerly, magnetic iron ore, or loadstone.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Sideritis; ironwort.

Siderographic, Siderographical

Sid`er*o*graph"ic (?), Sid`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to siderography; executed by engraved plates of steel; as, siderographic art; siderographic impressions.

Siderographist

Sid`er*og"ra*phist (?), n. One skilled in siderography.

Siderography

Sid`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] The art or practice of steel engraving; especially, the process, invented by Perkins, of multiplying facsimiles of an engraved steel plate by first rolling over it, when hardened, a soft steel cylinder, and then rolling the cylinder, when hardened, over a soft steel plate, which thus becomes a facsimile of the original. The process has been superseded by electrotypy.

Siderolite

Sid"er*o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] A kind of meteorite. See under Meteorite.

Sideromancy

Sid"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by burning straws on red-hot iron, and noting the manner of their burning. Craig.

Sideroscope

Sid"er*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An instrument for detecting small quantities of iron in any substance by means of a very delicate combination of magnetic needles.

Siderosis

Sid`e*ro"sis (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A sort of pneumonia occuring in iron workers, produced by the inhalation of particles of iron.

Siderostat

Sid"er*o*stat (?), n. [L. sidus, sideris, a star + Gr. (Astron.) An apparatus consisting essentially of a mirror moved by clockwork so as to throw the rays of the sun or a star in a fixed direction; -- a more general term for heliostat.

Sideroxylon

Sid`e*rox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of tropical sapotaceous trees noted for their very hard wood; ironwood.

Sidesaddle

Side"sad`dle (?), n. A saddle for women, in which the rider sits with both feet on one side of the animal mounted. Sidesaddle flower (Bot.), a plant with hollow leaves and curiously shaped flowers; -- called also huntsman's cup. See Sarracenia.
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Sidesman

Sides"man (?), n.; pl. Sidesmen (.

1. A party man; a partisan. Milton.

2. An assistant to the churchwarden; a questman.

Side-taking

Side"-tak`ing (?), n. A taking sides, as with a party, sect, or faction. Bp. Hall.

Sidewalk

Side"walk` (?), n. A walk for foot passengers at the side of a street or road; a foot pavement. [U.S.]

Sideways

Side"ways` (?), adv. Toward the side; sidewise.
A second refraction made sideways. Sir I. Newton.
His beard, a good palm's length, at least, . . . Shot sideways, like a swallow's wings. Longfellow.

Side-wheel

Side"-wheel`, a. Having a paddle wheel on each side; -- said of steam vessels; as, a side-wheel steamer.

Sidewinder

Side"wind`er (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) See Horned rattler, under Horned.

2. A heavy swinging blow from the side, which disables an adversary. [Slang.]

Sidewise

Side"wise` (?), adv. On or toward one side; laterally; sideways.
I saw them mask their awful glance Sidewise meek in gossamer lids. Emerson.
<-- the informal name of a specific type of heat-seeking air-to-air missile. Also, sidewinder missile. -->

Siding

Sid"ing (?), n.

1. Attaching one's self to a party.

2. A side track, as a railroad; a turnout.

3. (Carp.) The covering of the outside wall of a frame house, whether made of weatherboards, vertical boarding with cleats, shingles, or the like.

4. (Shipbuilding) The thickness of a rib or timber, measured, at right angles with its side, across the curved edge; as, a timber having a siding of ten inches.

Sidle

Si"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sidled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sidling (?).] [From Side.] To go or move with one side foremost; to move sidewise; as, to sidle through a crowd or narrow opening. Swift.
He . . . then sidled close to the astonished girl. Sir W. Scott.

Siege

Siege (?), n. [OE. sege, OF. siege, F. si\'8age a seat, a siege; cf. It. seggia, seggio, zedio, a seat, asseggio, assedio, a siege, F. assi\'82ger to besiege, It. & LL. assediare, L. obsidium a siege, besieging; all ultimately fr. L. sedere to sit. See Sit, and cf. See, n.]

1. A seat; especially, a royal seat; a throne. [Obs.] "Upon the very siege of justice." Shak.

A stately siege of sovereign majesty, And thereon sat a woman gorgeous gay. Spenser.
In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . . And Merlin called it "The siege perilous." Tennyson.

2. Hence, place or situation; seat. [Obs.]

Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless siege forever. Painter (Palace of Pleasure).

3. Rank; grade; station; estimation. [Obs.]

I fetch my life and being From men of royal siege. Shak.

4. Passage of excrements; stool; fecal matter. [Obs.]

The siege of this mooncalf. Shak.

5. The sitting of an army around or before a fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See the Note under Blockade.

6. Hence, a continued attempt to gain possession.

Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast. Dryden.

7. The floor of a glass-furnace.

8. A workman's bench. Knught. Siege gun, a heavy gun for siege operations. -- Siege train, artillery adapted for attacking fortified places.

Siege

Siege, v. t. To besiege; to beset. [R.]
Through all the dangers that can siege The life of man. Buron.

Siegework

Siege"work` (?), n. A temporary fort or parallel where siege guns are mounted.

Siemens-Martin process

Sie"mens-Mar`tin proc"ess (?). See Open-hearth process, etc., under Open.

Sienite

Si"e*nite (?), n. (Min.) See Syenite.

Sienitic

Si`e*nit"ic (?), a. See Syenitic.

Sienna

Si*en"na (?), n. [It. terra di Siena, fr. Siena in Italy.] (Chem.) Clay that is colored red or brown by the oxides of iron or manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used either in the raw state or burnt. Burnt sienna, sienna made of a much redder color by the action of fire. -- Raw sienna, sienna in its natural state, of a transparent yellowish brown color.

Siennese

Si`en*nese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sienna, a city of Italy.

Sierra

Si*er"ra (?), n. [Sp., properly, a saw, fr. L. serra a saw. See Serrate.] A ridge of mountain and craggy rocks, with a serrated or irregular outline; as, the Sierra Nevada.
The wild sierra overhead. Whitter.

Siesta

Si*es"ta (?), n. [Sp., probably fr. L. sessitare to sit much or long, v. freq. of sedere, sessum, to sit. See Sit.] A short sleep taken about the middle of the day, or after dinner; a midday nap.

Sieur

Sieur (?), n. [F., abbrev. from seigneur. Cf. Monsieur, Seignior.] Sir; -- a title of respect used by the French.

Sieva

Sie"va (?), n. (Bot.) A small variety of the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus).

Sieve

Sieve (?), n. [OE. sive, AS. sife; akin to D. zeef, zift, OHG. sib, G. sieb. &root;151a. Cf. Sift.]

1. A utensil for separating the finer and coarser parts of a pulverized or granulated substance from each other. It consist of a vessel, usually shallow, with the bottom perforated, or made of hair, wire, or the like, woven in meshes. "In a sieve thrown and sifted." Chaucer.

2. A kind of coarse basket. Simmonds. Sieve cells (Bot.), cribriform cells. See under Cribriform.

Sifac

Si"fac (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The white indris of Madagascar. It is regarded by the natives as sacred.

Sifflement

Sif"fle*ment (?), n. [F., a whistling or hissing.] The act of whistling or hissing; a whistling sound; sibilation. [Obs.] A. Brewer.

Sifilet

Sif"i*let (?), n. [Cf. F. siflet.] (Zo\'94l.) The six-shafted bird of paradise. See Paradise bird, under Paradise.

Sift

Sift (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sifting.] [AS. siftan, from sife sieve. &root;151a. See Sieve.]

1. To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.

2. To separate or part as if with a sieve.

When yellow sands are sifted from below, The glittering billows give a golden show. Dryden.

3. To examine critically or minutely; to scrutinize.

Sifting the very utmost sentence and syllable. Hooker.
Opportunity I here have had To try thee, sift thee. Milton.
Let him but narrowly sift his ideas. I. Taylor.
To sift out, to search out with care, as if by sifting.

Sifter

Sift"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, sifts.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any lamellirostral bird, as a duck or goose; -- so called because it sifts or strains its food from the water and mud by means of the lamell

Sig

Sig (?), n. [Akin to AS. s\'c6gan to fall. &root;151a. See Sink, v. t.] Urine. [Prov. Eng.]

Sigaultian

Si*gaul"ti*an (?), a. (Surg.) Pertaining to Sigault, a French physician. See Symphyseotomy.

Sigger

Sig"ger, v. i. Same as Sicker. [Prov. Eng.]

Sigh

Sigh (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sighing.] [OE. sighen, si; cf. also OE. siken, AS. s\'c6can, and OE. sighten, si, sichten, AS. siccettan; all, perhaps, of imitative origin.]

1. To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible respiration, especially as the result or involuntary expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, or the like.

2. Hence, to lament; to grieve.

He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark viii. 12.

3. To make a sound like sighing.

And the coming wind did roar more loud, And the sails did sigh like sedge. Coleridge.
The winter winds are wearily sighing. Tennyson.
&hand; An extraordinary pronunciation of this word as s\'c6th is still heard in England and among the illiterate in the United States.

Sigh

Sigh, v. t.

1. To exhale (the breath) in sighs.

Never man sighed truer breath. Shak.

2. To utter sighs over; to lament or mourn over.

Ages to come, and men unborn, Shall bless her name, and sigh her fate. Pior.

3. To express by sighs; to utter in or with sighs.

They . . . sighed forth proverbs. Shak.
The gentle swain . . . sighs back her grief. Hoole.

Sigh

Sigh, n. [OE. sigh; cf. OE. sik. See Sigh, v. i.]

1. A deep and prolonged audible inspiration or respiration of air, as when fatigued or grieved; the act of sighing.

I could drive the boat with my sighs. Shak.

2. Figuratively, a manifestation of grief; a lan

With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite. Milton.

Sigh-born

Sigh"-born` (?), a. Sorrowful; mournful. [R.] "Sigh-born thoughts." De Quincey.

Sigher

Sigh"er (?), n. One who sighs.

Sighing

Sigh"ing, a. Uttering sighs; grieving; lamenting. "Sighing millions." Cowper. -- Sigh"ing*ly, adv.

Sight

Sight (?), n. [OE. sight, si, siht, AS. siht, gesiht, gesih, gesieh, gesyh; akin to D. gezicht, G. sicht, gesicht, Dan. sigte, Sw. sigt, from the root of E. see. See See, v. t.]

1. The act of seeing; perception of objects by the eye; view; as, to gain sight of land.

A cloud received him out of their sight. Acts. i. 9.

2. The power of seeing; the faculty of vision, or of perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes.

Thy sight is young, And thou shalt read when mine begin to dazzle. Shak.
O loss of sight, of thee I most complain! Milton.

3. The state of admitting unobstructed vision; visibility; open view; region which the eye at one time surveys; space through which the power of vision extends; as, an object within sight.

4. A spectacle; a view; a show; something worth seeing.

Moses said, I will now turn aside and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt. Ex. iii. 3.
They never saw a sight so fair. Spenser.

5. The instrument of seeing; the eye.

Why cloud they not their sights? Shak.

6. Inspection; examination; as, a letter intended for the sight of only one person.

7. Mental view; opinion; judgment; as, in their sight it was harmless. Wake.

That which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God. Luke xvi. 15.

8. A small aperture through which objects are to be seen, and by which their direction is settled or ascertained; as, the sight of a quadrant.

Thier eyes of fire sparking through sights of steel. Shak.

9. A small piece of metal, fixed or movable, on the breech, muzzle, center, or trunnion of a gun, or on the breech and the muzzle of a rifle, pistol, etc., by means of which the eye is guided in aiming. Farrow.

10. In a drawing, picture, etc., that part of the surface, as of paper or canvas, which is within the frame or the border or margin. In a frame or the like, the open space, the opening.

11. A great number, quantity, or sum; as, a sight of money. [Now colloquial] &hand; Sight in this last sense was formerly employed in the best usage. "A sight of lawyers." Latimer.

A wonder sight of flowers. Gower.
At sight, as soon as seen, or presented to sight; as, a draft payable at sight: to read Greek at sight; to shoot a person at sight. -- Front sight (Firearms), the sight nearest the muzzle. -- Open sight. (Firearms) (a) A front sight through which the objects aimed at may be seen, in distinction from one that hides the object. (b) A rear sight having an open notch instead of an aperture. -- Peep sight, Rear sight. See under Peep, and Rear. -- Sight draft, an order, or bill of exchange, directing the payment of money at sight. -- To take sight, to take aim; to look for the purpose of directing a piece of artillery, or the like. Syn. -- Vision; view; show; spectacle; representation; exhibition.

Sight

Sight (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sighting.]

1. To get sight of; to see; as, to sight land; to sight a wreck. Kane.

2. To look at through a sight; to see accurately; as, to sight an object, as a star.

3. To apply sights to; to adjust the sights of; also, to give the proper elevation and direction to by means of a sight; as, to sight a rifle or a cannon.

Sight

Sight, v. i. (Mil.) To take aim by a sight.

Sighted

Sight"ed, a. Having sight, or seeing, in a particular manner; -- used in composition; as, long-sighted, short-sighted, quick-sighted, sharp-sighted, and the like.

Sightful

Sight"ful (?), a. Easily or clearly seen; distinctly visible; perspicuous. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

Sightfulness

Sight"ful*ness, n. The state of being sightful; perspicuity. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Sight-hole

Sight"-hole` (?), n. A hole for looking through; a peephole. "Stop all sight-holes." Shak.

Sighting

Sight"ing, a & n. from Sight, v. t. Sighting shot, a shot made to ascertain whether the sights of a firearm are properly adjusted; a trial shot.

Sightless

Sight"less, a.

1. Wanting sight; without sight; blind.

Of all who blindly creep or sightless soar. Pope.

2. That can not be seen; invisible. [Obs.]

The sightless couriers of the air. Shak.

3. Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; unsightly; as, sightless stains. [R.] Shak. -- Sight"less*ly, adv.- Sight"less*ness, n.

Sightliness

Sight"li*ness (?), n. The state of being sightly; comeliness; conspicuousness.

Sightly

Sight"ly (?), a.

1. Pleasing to the sight; comely. "Many brave, sightly horses." L'Estrange.

2. Open to sight; conspicuous; as, a house stands in a sightly place.

Sightproof

Sight"proof` (?), a. Undiscoverable to sight.
Hidden in their own sightproof bush. Lowell.

Sight-seeing

Sight"-see`ing (?), a. Engaged in, or given to, seeing sights; eager for novelties or curiosities.

Sight-seeing

Sight"-see`ing, n. The act of seeing sights; eagerness for novelties or curiosities.

Sight-seer

Sight"-se`er (?), n. One given to seeing sights or noted things, or eager for novelties or curiosities.

Sight-shot

Sight"-shot` (?), n. Distance to which the sight can reach or be thrown. [R.] Cowley.

Sightsman

Sights"man (?), n.; pl. Sightsmen (. (Mus.) One who reads or performs music readily at first sight. [R.] <-- now, sight-reader --> Busby.

Sigil

Sig"il (?), n. [L. sigillum. See Seal a stamp.] A seal; a signature. Dryden.
Of talismans and sigils knew the power. Pope.

Sigillaria

Sig`il*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., from sigillum a seal. See Sigil.] (Rom. Antic.) Little images or figures of earthenware exposed for sale, or given as presents, on the last two days of the Saturnalia; hence, the last two, or the sixth and seventh, days of the Saturnalia.

Sigillaria

Sig`il*la"ri*a, n. [NL., fem sing. fr. L. sigillum a seal.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil trees principally found in the coal formation; -- so named from the seallike leaf scars in vertical rows on the surface.

Sigillarid

Sig`il*la"rid (?), n. (Paleon.) One of an extinct family of cryptagamous trees, including the genus Sigillaria and its allies.

Sigillated

Sig"il*la`ted (?), a. [L. sigillatus adorned with little images.] Decorated by means of stamps; -- said of pottery.

Sigillative

Sig"il*la*tive (?), a. [L. sigillum a seal: cf. OF. sigillatif.] Fit to seal; belonging to a seal; composed of wax. [R.]

Sigillum

Si*gil"lum (?), n.; pl. Sigilla (#). [L.] (Rom. & Old Eng. Law) A seal.

Sigla

Sig"la (?), n. pl. [L.] The signs, abbreviations, letters, or characters standing for words, shorthand, etc., in ancient manuscripts, or on coins, medals, etc. W. Savage.

Sigma

Sig"ma (?), n.; pl. Sigmas (#). [L., from Gr. The Greek letter S, or s). It originally had the form of the English C.

Sigmodont

Sig"mo*dont (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe (Sigmodontes) of rodents which includes all the indigenous rats and mice of America. So called from the form of the ridges of enamel on the crowns of the worn molars. Also used adjectively.

Sigmoid, Sigmoidal

Sig"moid (?), Sig*moid"al (?), a. [Gr. sigmo\'8bde.] Curved in two directions, like the letter S, or the Greek &sigmat;. Sigmoid flexure (Anat.), the last curve of the colon before it terminates in the rectum. See Illust. under Digestive. -- Sigmoid valves. (Anat.) See Semilunar valves, under Semilunar.

Sigmoidally

Sig*moid"al*ly, adv. In a sigmoidal manner.
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Sign

Sign (?), n. [F. signe, L. signum; cf. AS. segen, segn, a sign, standard, banner, also fr. L. signum. Cf. Ensign, Resign, Seal a stamp, Signal, Signet.] That by which anything is made known or represented; that which furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a proof. Specifically: (a) A remarkable event, considered by the ancients as indicating the will of some deity; a prodigy; an omen. (b) An event considered by the Jews as indicating the divine will, or as manifesting an interposition of the divine power for some special end; a miracle; a wonder.
Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God. Rom. xv. 19.
It shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign. Ex. iv. 8.
(c) Something serving to indicate the existence, or preserve the memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a monument.
What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign. Num. xxvi. 10.
(d) Any symbol or emblem which prefigures, typifles, or represents, an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a picture.
The holy symbols, or signs, are not barely significative; but what they represent is as certainly delivered to us as the symbols themselves. Brerewood.
Saint George of Merry England, the sign of victory. Spenser.
(e) A word or a character regarded as the outward manifestation of thought; as, words are the sign of ideas. (f) A motion, an action, or a gesture by which a thought is expressed, or a command or a wish made known.
They made signs to his father, how he would have him called. Luke i. 62.
(g) Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of a language of a signs such as those used by the North American Indians, or those used by the deaf and dumb. &hand; Educaters of the deaf distinguish between natural signs, which serve for communicating ideas, and methodical, or systematic, signs, adapted for the dictation, or the rendering, of written language, word by word; and thus the signs are to be distinguished from the manual alphabet, by which words are spelled on the fingers. (h) A military emblem carried on a banner or a standard. Milton. (i) A lettered board, or other conspicuous notice, placed upon or before a building, room, shop, or office to advertise the business there transacted, or the name of the person or firm carrying it on; a publicly displayed token or notice.
The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted signs, which gave a gay and grotesque aspect to the streets. Macaulay.
(j) (Astron.) The twelfth part of the ecliptic or zodiac. &hand; The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named, respectively, Aries (Taurus (Gemini (II), Cancer (Leo (Virgo (Libra (Scorpio (Sagittarius (Capricornus (Aquarius (Pisces ( (k) (Alg.) A character indicating the relation of quantities, or an operation performed upon them; as, the sign + (plus); the sign -- (minus); the sign of division \'f6, and the like. (l) (Med.) An objective evidence of disease; that is, one appreciable by some one other than the patient. &hand; The terms symptom and and sign are often used synonymously; but they may be discriminated. A sign differs from a symptom in that the latter is perceived only by the patient himself. The term sign is often further restricted to the purely local evidences of disease afforded by direct examination of the organs involved, as distinguished from those evidence of general disturbance afforded by observation of the temperature, pulse, etc. In this sense it is often called physical sign. (m) (Mus.) Any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, etc. (n) (Theol.) That which, being external, stands for, or signifies, something internal or spiritual; -- a term used in the Church of England in speaking of an ordinance considered with reference to that which it represents.
An outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace. Bk. of Common Prayer.
&hand; See the Table of Arbitrary Signs, p. 1924. Sign manual. (a) (Eng. Law) The royal signature superscribed at the top of bills of grants and letter patent, which are then sealed with the privy signet or great seal, as the case may be, to complete their validity. (b) The signature of one's name in one's own handwriting. Craig. Tomlins. Wharton. Syn. -- Token; mark; note; symptom; indication; signal; symbol; type; omen; prognostic; presage; manifestation. See Emblem.

Sign

Sign (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Signing.] [OE. seinen to bless, originally, to make the sign of the cross over; in this sense fr. ASS. segnian (from segn, n.), or OF. seignier, F. signer, to mark, to sign (in sense 3), fr. L. signare to mark, set a mark upon, from signum. See Sign, n.]

1. To represent by a sign; to make known in a typical or emblematic manner, in distinction from speech; to signify.

I signed to Browne to make his retreat. Sir W. Scott.

2. To make a sign upon; to mark with a sign.

We receive this child into the congregation of Christ's flock, and do sign him with the sign of the cross. Bk. of Com Prayer.

3. To affix a signature to; to ratify by hand or seal; to subscribe in one's own handwriting.

Inquire the Jew's house out, give him this deed, And let him sign it. Shak.

4. To assign or convey formally; -- used with away.

5. To mark; to make distinguishable. Shak.

Sign

Sign (?), v. i.

1. To be a sign or omen. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make a sign or signal; to communicate directions or intelligence by signs.

3. To write one's name, esp. as a token of assent, responsibility, or obligation. <-- 4. to communicate in sign language (subtype of 3) -->

Signable

Sign"a*ble (?), a. Suitable to be signed; requiring signature; as, a legal document signable by a particular person.

Signal

Sig"nal (?), n. [F., fr. LL. signale, fr. L. signum. See Sign, n.]

1. A sign made for the purpose of giving notice to a person of some occurence, command, or danger; also, a sign, event, or watchword, which has been agreed upon as the occasion of concerted action.

All obeyed The wonted signal and superior voice Of this great potentate. Milton.

2. A token; an indication; a foreshadowing; a sign.

The weary sun . . . Gives signal of a goodly day to-morrow. Shak.
There was not the least signal of the calamity to be seen. De Foc.

Signal

Sig"nal, a. [From signal, n.: cf. F. signal\'82.]

1. Noticeable; distinguished from what is ordinary; eminent; remarkable; memorable; as, a signal exploit; a signal service; a signal act of benevolence.

As signal now in low, dejected state As erst in highest, behold him where he lies. Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to signals, or the use of signals in conveying information; as, a signal flag or officer. The signal service, a bureau of the government (in the United States connected with the War Department) organized to collect from the whole country simultaneous raports of local meteorological conditions, upon comparison of which at the central office, predictions concerning the weather are telegraphed to various sections, where they are made known by signals publicly displayed. -- Signal station, the place where a signal is displayed; specifically, an observation office of the signal service. Syn. -- Eminent; remarkable; memorable; extraordinary; notable; conspicuous.

Signal

Sig"nal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signaled ( or Signalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Signaling or Signalling.]

1. To communicate by signals; as, to signal orders.

2. To notify by a signals; to make a signal or signals to; as, to signal a fleet to anchor. M. Arnold.

Signalist

Sig"nal*ist, n. One who makes signals; one who communicates intelligence by means of signals.

Signality

Sig*nal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being signal or remarkable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Signalize

Sig"nal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Signalizing (?).] [From Signal, a.]

1. To make signal or eminent; to render distinguished from what is common; to distinguish.

It is this passion which drives men to all the ways we see in use of signalizing themselves. Burke.

2. To communicate with by means of a signal; as, a ship signalizes its consort.

3. To indicate the existence, presence, or fact of, by a signal; as, to signalize the arrival of a steamer.

Signally

Sig"nal*ly, adv. In a signal manner; eminently.

Signalman

Sig"nal*man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A man whose business is to manage or display signals; especially, one employed in setting the signals by which railroad trains are run or warned.

Signalment

Sig"nal*ment (?), n. The act of signaling, or of signalizing; hence, description by peculiar, appropriate, or characteristic marks. Mrs. Browning.

Signate

Sig"nate (?), a. [L. signatus, p. p. See Sign, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.) Having definite color markings.

Signation

Sig*na"tion (?), n. [L. signatio. See Sign, v. t.] Sign given; marking. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Signatory

Sig"na*to*ry (?), a. [L. signatorius.]

1. Relating to a seal; used in sealing. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. Signing; joining or sharing in a signature; as, signatory powers.

Signatory

Sig"na*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (. A signer; one who signs or subscribes; as, a conference of signatories.

Signature

Sig"na*ture (?), n. [F. (cf. It. signatura, segnatura, Sp. & LL. signatura), from L. signare, signatum. See Sign, v. t.]

1. A sign, stamp, or mark impressed, as by a seal.

The brain, being well furnished with various traces, signatures, and images. I. Watts.
The natural and indelible signature of God, which human souls . . . are supposed to be stamped with. Bentley.

2. Especially, the name of any person, written with his own hand, employed to signify that the writing which precedes accords with his wishes or intentions; a sign manual; an autograph.

3. (Physiol.) An outward mark by which internal characteristics were supposed to be indicated.

Some plants bear a very evident signature of their nature and use. Dr. H. More.

4. (Old Med.) A resemblance between the external characters of a disease and those of some physical agent, for instance, that existing between the red skin of scarlet fever and a red cloth; -- supposed to indicate this agent in the treatment of the disease.

5. (Mus.) The designation of the key (when not C major, or its relative, A minor) by means of one or more sharps or flats at the beginning of the staff, immediately after the clef, affecting all notes of the same letter throughout the piece or movement. Each minor key has the same signature as its relative major.

6. (Print.) (a) A letter or figure placed at the bottom of the first page of each sheet of a book or pamphlet, as a direction to the binder in arranging and folding the sheets. (b) The printed sheet so marked, or the form from which it is printed; as, to reprint one or more signatures. &hand; Star signatures (as A*, 1*) are the same characters, with the addition of asterisks, used on the first pages of offcuts, as in 12mo sheets.

7. (Pharm.) That part of a prescription which contains the directions to the patient. It is usually prefaced by S or Sig. (an abbreviation for the Latin signa, imperative of signare to sign or mark).

Signature

Sig"na*ture (?), v. t. To mark with, or as with, a signature or signatures.

Signaturist

Sig"na*tur`ist (?), n. One who holds to the doctrine of signatures impressed upon objects, indicative of character or qualities. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Signboard

Sign"board` (?), n. A board, placed on or before a shop, office, etc., on which ssome notice is given, as the name of a firm, of a business, or the like.

Signer

Sign"er (?), n. One who signs or subscribes his name; as, a memorial with a hundred signers.

Signet

Sig"net (?), n. [OF. signet a signet, F., a bookmark, dim. of signe. See Sign, n., and cf. Sennet.] A seal; especially, in England, the seal used by the sovereign in sealing private letters and grants that pass by bill under the sign manual; -- called also privy signet.
I had my father's signet in my purse. Shak.
Signet ring, a ring containing a signet or private seal. -- Writer to the signet (Scots Law), a judicial officer who prepares warrants, writs, etc.; originally, a clerk in the office of the secretary of state.

Signeted

Sig"net*ed, a. Stamped or marked with a signet.

Signifer

Sig"ni*fer (?), a. [L., from signum sign + ferre to bear.] Bearing signs. [Obs.] "The signifer sphere, or zodiac." Holland.

Significance, Significancy

Sig*nif"i*cance (?), Sig*nif"i*can*cy (?), n. [L. significantia.]

1. The quality or state of being significant.

2. That which is signified; meaning; import; as, the significance of a nod, of a motion of the hand, or of a word or expression.

3. Importance; moment; weight; consequence.

With this brain I must work, in order to give significancy and value to the few facts which I possess. De Quincey.

Significant

Sig*nif"i*cant (?), a. [L. significans, -antis, p. pr. of significare. See Signify.]

1. Fitted or designed to signify or make known somethingl having a meaning; standing as a sign or token; expressive or suggestive; as, a significant word or sound; a significant look.

It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were significant, but not efficient. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Deserving to be considered; important; momentous; as, a significant event. Significant figures (Arith.), the figures which remain to any number, or decimal fraction, after the ciphers at the right or left are canceled. Thus, the significant figures of 25,000, or of .0025, are 25.

Significant

Sig*nif"i*cant, n. That which has significance; a sign; a token; a symbol. Wordsworth.
In dumb significants proclaim your thoughts. Shak.

Significantly

Sig*nif"i*cant*ly, adv. In a significant manner.

Significate

Sig*nif"i*cate (?), n. [L. significatus, p. p. of significare. See Signify.] (Logic) One of several things signified by a common term. Whately.

Signification

Sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [F. signification, L. significatio.]

1. The act of signifying; a making known by signs or other means.

A signification of being pleased. Landor.
All speaking or signification of one's mind implies an act or addres of one man to another. South.

2. That which is signified or made known; that meaning which a sign, character, or token is intended to convey; as, the signification of words.

Significative

Sig*nif"i*ca*tive (?), a. [L. significativus: cf. F. significatif.]

1. Betokening or representing by an external sign.

The holy symbols or signs are not barely significative. Brerewood.

2. Having signification or meaning; expressive of a meaning or purpose; significant.

Neither in the degrees of kindred they were destitute of significative words. Camden.
-- Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ly, adv. -- Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ness, n.

Significator

Sig"ni*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. significateur.] One who, or that which, signifies.
In this diagram there was one significator which pressed remarkably upon our astrologer's attention. Sir W. Scott.

Significatory

Sig*nif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. significatorius.] Significant. -- n. That which is significatory.

Significavit

Sig`ni*fi*ca"vit (?), n. [L., (he) has signified, perf. ind. of significare to signify.] (Eng. Eccl. Law) Formerly, a writ issuing out of chancery, upon certificate given by the ordinary, of a man's standing excommunicate by the space of forty days, for the laying him up in prison till he submit himself to the authority of the church. Crabb.

Signify

Sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Signified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Signifying (?).] [F. signifier, L. significare; signum a sign + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Sign, n., and -fy.]

1. To show by a sign; to communicate by any conventional token, as words, gestures, signals, or the like; to announce; to make known; to declare; to express; as, a signified his desire to be present.

I 'll to the king; and signify to him That thus I have resign'd my charge to you. Shak.
The government should signify to the Protestants of Ireland that want of silver is not to be remedied. Swift.

2. To mean; to import; to denote; to betoken.

He bade her tell him what it signified. Chaucer.
A tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Shak.
&hand; Signify is often used impersonally; as, it signifies nothing, it does not signify, that is, it is of no importance. Syn. -- To express; manifest; declare; utter; intimate; betoken; denote; imply; mean.

Signior

Sign"ior (?), n. Sir; Mr. The English form and pronunciation for the Italian Signor and the Spanish Se\'a4or.

Signiorize

Sign"ior*ize (?), v. t. [See Seigniorize.] To exercise dominion over; to lord it over. [Obs.] Shelton.
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Page 1340

Signiorize

Sign"ior*ize (?), v. i. To exercise dominion; to signiorize. [Obs.] Hewyt.

Signiorship

Sign"ior*ship, n. State or position of a signior.

Signiory

Sign"ior*y (?), n. Same as Seigniory.

Signor, Signore

Si*gnor" (?), Si*gno"re (?), n. [It. See Seignior.] Sir; Mr; -- a title of address or respect among the Italians. Before a noun the form is Signor.

Signora

Si*gno"ra (?), n. [It.] Madam; Mrs; -- a title of address or respect among the Italians.

Signorina

Si`gno*ri"na (?), n. [It.] Miss; -- a title of address among the Italians.

Signpost

Sign"post` (?), n. A post on which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice of anything.

Sik, Sike

Sik (?), Sike (?), a. Such. See Such. [Obs.] "Sike fancies weren foolerie." Spenser.

Sike

Sike (?), n. [AS. s\'c6c. Cf. Sig.] A gutter; a stream, such as is usually dry in summer. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Sike

Sike, n. [See Sick.] A sick person. [Prov. Eng.]

Sike

Sike, v. i. To sigh. [Obs.]
That for his wife weepeth and siketh sore. Chaucer.

Sike

Sike, n. A sigh. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Siker, a. & adv., Sikerly, adv., Sikerness

Sik"er (?), a. & adv., Sik"er*ly, adv., Sik"er*ness, n., etc. See 2d Sicker, Sickerly, etc. [Obs.]

Sikhs

Sikhs (?), n. pl.; sing. Sikh (. [Hind. Sikh, properly, a disciple.] A religious sect noted for warlike traits, founded in the Punjab at the end of the 15th century.

Silage

Si"lage (?), n. & v. Short for Ensilage.

Sile

Sile (?), v. t. [Akin to Sw. sila to strain, sil sieve, G. sielen to draw away or lead off water. &root;151a. See Silt.] To strain, as fresh milk. [Prov. Eng.]

Sile

Sile, v. i. To drop; to flow; to fall. [Prov. Eng.]

Sile

Sile, n.

1. A sieve with fine meshes. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Filth; sediment. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Sile

Sile, n. [Icel. s\'c6ld herring; akin to Sw. sill, Dan. sild. Cf. Sill the young of a herring.] (Zo\'94l.) A young or small herring. [Eng.] Pennant.

Silence

Si"lence (?), n. [F., fr. L. silentium. See Silent.]

1. The state of being silent; entire absence of sound or noise; absolute stillness.

I saw and heared; for such a numerous host Fled not in silence through the frighted deep. Milton.

2. Forbearance from, or absence of, speech; taciturnity; muteness.

3. Secrecy; as, these things were transacted in silence.

The administration itself keeps a profound silence. D. Webster.

4. The cessation of rage, agitation, or tumilt; calmness; quiest; as, the elements were reduced to silence.

5. Absence of mention; oblivion.

And what most merits fame, in silence hid. Milton.

Silence

Si"lence, interj. Be silent; -- used elliptically for let there be silence, or keep silence. Shak.

Silence

Si"lence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Silencing (?).]

1. To compel to silence; to cause to be still; to still; to hush.

Silence that dreadful bell; it frights the isle. Shak.

2. To put to rest; to quiet.

This would silence all further opposition. Clarendon.
These would have silenced their scruples. Rogers.

3. To restrain from the exercise of any function, privilege of instruction, or the like, especially from the act of preaching; as, to silence a minister of the gospel.

The Rev. Thomas Hooker of Chelmsford, in Essex, was silenced for nonconformity. B. Trumbull.

4. To cause to cease firing, as by a vigorous cannonade; as, to silence the batteries of an enemy.

Silene

Si*le"ne (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Silenus, the attendant of Bacchus.] (Bot.) A genus of caryophyllaceous plants, usually covered with a viscid secretion by which insects are caught; catchfly. Bon Sil\'8ane. See Sil\'8ane, in the Vocabulary.

Silent

Si"lent (?), a. [L. silens, -entis, p. pr. of silere to be silent; akin to Goth. ana-silan.]

1. Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly quiet.

How silent is this town! Shak.

2. Not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless; mute; taciturn; not loquacious; not talkative.

Ulysses, adds he, was the most eloquent and most silent of men. Broome.
This new-created world, whereof in hell Fame is not silent. Milton.

3. Keeping at rest; inactive; calm; undisturbed; as, the wind is silent. Parnell. Sir W. Raleigh.

4. (Pron.) Not pronounced; having no sound; quiescent; as, e is silent in "fable."

5. Having no effect; not operating; inefficient. [R.]

Cause . . . silent, virtueless, and dead. Sir W. Raleigh.
Silent partner. See Dormant partner, under Dormant. Syn. -- Mute; taciturn; dumb; speechless; quiet; still. See Mute, and Taciturn.

Silent

Si"lent, n. That which is silent; a time of silence. [R.] "The silent of the night." Shak.

Silentiary

Si*len"ti*a*ry (?), n. [L. silentiarius: cf. F. silenciaire. See Silence.] One appointed to keep silence and order in court; also, one sworn not to divulge secre

Silentious

Si*len"tious (?), a. [L. silentiosus: cf. F. silencieux.] Habitually silent; taciturn; reticent. [R.]

Silently

Si"lent*ly (?), adv. In a silent manner.

Silentness

Si"lent*ness, n. State of being silent; silence.

Silenus

Si*le"nus (?), n. [L. Silenus the tutor and attendant of Bacchus.] (Zo\'94l.) See Wanderoo.

Silesia

Si*le"si*a (?), n.

1. A kind of linen cloth, originally made in Silesia, a province of Prussia.

2. A twilled cotton fabric, used for dress linings.

Silesian

Si*le"si*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Silesia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Silesia.

Silex

Si"lex (?), n. [L., a finit, a pebblestone.] (Min.) Silica, SiO2 as found in nature, constituting quarz, and most sands and sandstones. See Silica, and Silicic.

Silhouette

Sil`hou*ette" (?), n. [F.; -- so called from Etienne de Silhoutte, a French minister of finance in 1759, whise diversion it was to make such portraits on the walls of his apartments.] A representation of the outlines of an object filled in with a black color; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be.

Silhouette

Sil`hou*ette", v. t. To represent by a silhouette; to project upon a background, so as to be like a silhouette. [Recent]
A flock of roasting vultures silhouetted on the sky. The Century.

Silica

Sil"i*ca (?), n. [NL., from L. silex, silics, a flint.] (Chem.) Silicon dioxide, SiO

Silicate

Sil"i*cate (?), n.[Cf. F. silicate.] (Chem.) A salt of silicic acid. &hand; In mineralogical chemistry the silicates include; the unisilicates or orthosilicates, salts of orthosilicic acid; the bisilicates or metasilicates, salts of metasilicic acid; the polysilicates or acid silicates, salts of the polysilicic acids; the basic silicates or subsilicates, in which the equivalent of base is greater than would be required to neutralize the acid; and the hydrous silicates, including the zeolites and many hydrated decomposition products.

Silicated

Sil"i*ca`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica; as, silicated hydrogen; silicated rocks. Silicated soap, a hard soap containing silicate of soda.

Silicatization

Sil`i*ca*ti*za"tion (?), n. Silicification.

Silicea

Si*lic"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Silicoidea.

Siliceous

Si*li"ceous (?), a. [L. siliceus, fr. silex, silicis, a flint.] Of or pertaining to silica; containing silica, or partaking of its nature. [Written also silisious.]

Silicic

Si*lic"ic (?), a. [L. silex, silicis, a flint: cf. F. silicique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, silica; specifically, designating compounds of silicon; as, silicic acid. Silicic acid (Chem.), an amorphous gelatinous substance, Si(HO)4, very unstable and easily dried to silica, but forming many stable salts; -- called also orthosilicic, ∨ normal silicic, acid.

Silicicalcareous

Si*lic`i*cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. Consisting of silica and calcareous matter.

Silicide

Sil"i*cide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of silicon, or one regarded as binary. [R.] Hydrogen silicide (Chem.), a colorless, spontaneously inflammable gas, SiH4, produced artifically from silicon, and analogous to methane; -- called also silico-methane, silicon hydride, and formerly siliciureted hydrogen.<-- now called silane, silicon hydride, or silicane. The term silane is used as the theoretical parent compound of a large series of derivatives in which one or more of the hydrogens are substituted; the term is also used generically to refer to any one of a large series of silicon compounds, including a series containing silicon-silicon bonds, analogous to the compounds containing carbon. -->

Siliciferous

Sil`i*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -ferous.] Producing silica; united with silica.

Silicification

Si*lic`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Silicify.] (Chem.) Thae act or process of combining or impregnating with silicon or silica; the state of being so combined or impregnated; as, the silicification of wood.

Silicified

Si*lic"i*fied (?), a. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica, especially the latter; as, silicified wood.

Silicify

Si*lic"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silicified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Silicifying (?).] [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -fy: cf. F. silicifier.] (Chem.) To convert into, or to impregnate with, silica, or with the compounds of silicon.
The specimens found . . . are completely silicified. Say.
&hand; The silica may take the form of agate, chalcedony, flint, hornstone, or crystalline quartz.

Silicify

Si*lic"i*fy, v. i. To become converted into silica, or to be impregnated with silica.

Silicioidea

Sil`i*ci*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Silicoidea.

Silicious

Si*li"cious (?), a. See Siliceous.

Silicispongi\'91

Sil`i*ci*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Silex, and Sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Silicoidea.

Silicited

Si*lic"it*ed (?), a. Silicified. [Obs.]

Silicium

Si*lic"i*um (?), n. See Silicon.

Siliciureted

Si*lic"i*u*ret`ed (?), a. [Written also siliciuretted.] (Old. Chem.) Combined or impregnated with silicon. [Obsoles.] Siliciureted hydrogen. (Chem.) Hydrogen silicide. [Obs.]

Silicle

Sil"i*cle (?), n. [L. silicula, dim. of siliqua a pod or husk: cf. F. silicule.] (Bot.) A seed vessel resembling a silique, but about as broad as it is long. See Silique.

Silico-

Sil"i*co- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of silicon or its compounds; as, silicobenzoic, silicofluoride, etc.

Silicofluoric

Sil`i*co*flu*or"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Containing, or composed of, silicon and fluorine; especially, denoting the compounds called silicofluorides. Silicofluoric acid (Chem.), a compound of hydrofluoric acid and silicon fluoride, known only in watery solution. It is produced by the action of silicon fluoride on water, and is regarded as an acid, H2SiF6, and the type and origin of the silicofluorides.

Silicofluoride

Sil`i*co*flu"or*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A fluosilicate; a salt of silicofluoric acid.

Silicoidea

Sil`i*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Silex, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of Porifera, which includes those that have the skeleton composed mainly of siliceous fibers or spicules.

Silicon

Sil"i*con (?), n. [See Silica.] (Chem.) A nonmetalic element analogous to carbon. It always occurs combined in nature, and is artificially obtained in the free state, usually as a dark brown amorphous powder, or as a dark crystalline substance with a meetallic luster. Its oxide is silica, or common quartz, and in this form, or as silicates, it is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element of the earth's crust. Silicon is characteristically the element of the mineral kingdom, as carbon is of the organic world. Symbol Si. Atomic weight 28. Called also silicium. <-- it is used as the basis for the most common type of transistors, in the form of a highly purified silicon impregnated with small quantities of imourities such as phosphorus or antimony, giving it special semiconductor properties. In this application, it forms the primary basis for the modern (post-1970) electronics industry, with integrated circuits containing millions of electronic componnets being imprinted by special processes on silicon chips less than one inch in diameter. -->

Silicotungstic

Sil`i*co*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of double acids of silicon and tungsten, known in the free state, and also in their salts (called silicotungstates).

Silicula

Si*lic"u*la (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A silicle.

Silicule

Sil"i*cule (?), n. (Bot.) A silicle.

Siliculose

Si*lic"u*lose` (?), a. [NL. siliculosus, fr. L. silicula: cf. F. siliculeux. See Silicle.]

1. (Bot.) Bearing silicles; pertaining to, or resembling, silicles.

2. Full of, or consisting of, husks; husky. [Obs.]

Siliginose

Si*lig"i*nose` (?), a.[L. siligineus, fr. siligo, -inis, fine and very white wheat.] Made of fine wheat. [Obs.] Bailey.

Siling

Sil"ing (?), a. & n. from Sile to strain. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Siling dish, a colander. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Siliqua

Sil"i*qua (?), n.; pl. Siliqu\'91 (#). [L. See Silique.]

1. (Bot.) Same as Silique.

2. A weight of four grains; a carat; -- a term used by jewelers, and refiners of gold.

Silique

Sil"ique (?), n. [L. siliqua a pod or husk, a very small weight or measure: cf. F. silique.] (Bot.) An oblong or elongated seed vessel, consisting of two valves with a dissepiment between, and opening by sutures at either margin. The seeds are attached to both edges of the dissepiment, alternately upon each side of it.

Siliqyiform

Sil"i*qyi*form (?), a. [Silique + -form: cf. F. siliquiforme.] (Bot.) Having the form of a silique.

Siliquosa

Sil`i*quo"sa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Siliquose.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants including those which bear siliques.

Siliquose, Siliquous

Sil"i*quose` (?), Sil"i*quous (?), a. [NL. siliquosus: cf. F. siliqueux.] (Bot.) Bearing siliques; as, siliquose plants; pertaining to, or resembling, siliques; as, siliquose capsules.

Silk

Silk (?), n. [OE. silk, selk, AS. seolc, seoloc; akin to Icel. silki, SW. & Dan. silke; prob. through Slavic from an Oriental source; cf. Lith. szilkai, Russ. shelk', and also L. sericum Seric stuff, silk. Cf. Sericeous. Serge a woolen stuff.]

1. The fine, soft thread produced by various species of caterpillars in forming the cocoons within which the worm is inclosed during the pupa state, especially that produced by the larv\'91 of Bombyx mori.

2. Hence, thread spun, or cloth woven, from the above-named material.

3. That which resembles silk, as the filiform styles of the female flower of maize. Raw silk, silk as it is wound off from the cocoons, and before it is manufactured. -- Silk cotton, a cottony substance enveloping the seeds of the silk-cotton tree. -- Silk-cotton tree (Bot.), a name for several tropical trees of the genera Bombax and Eriodendron, and belonging to the order Bombace\'91. The trees grow to an immense size, and have their seeds enveloped in a cottony substance, which is used for stuffing cushions, but can not be spun. -- Silk flower. (Bot.) (a) The silk tree. (b) A similar tree (Calliandra trinervia) of Peru. -- Silk fowl (Zo\'94l.), a breed of domestic fowls having silky plumage. -- Silk gland (Zo\'94l.), a gland which secretes the material of silk, as in spider or a silkworm; a sericterium. -- Silk gown, the distinctive robe of a barrister who has been appointed king's or queen's counsel; hence, the counsel himself. Such a one has precedence over mere barristers, who wear stuff gowns. [Eng.] -- Silk grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Stipa comata) of the Western United States, which has very long silky awns. The name is also sometimes given to various species of the genera Aqave and Yucca. -- Silk moth (Zo\'94l.), the adult moth of any silkworm. See Silkworm. -- Silk shag, a coarse, rough-woven silk, like plush, but with a stiffer nap. -- Silk spider (Zo\'94l.), a large spider (Nephila plumipes), native of the Southern United States, remarkable for the large quantity of strong silk it produces and for the great disparity in the sizes of the sexes. -- Silk thrower, Silk throwster, one who twists or spins silk, and prepares it for weaving. Brande & C. -- Silk tree (Bot.), an Asiatic leguminous tree (Albizzia Julibrissin) with finely bipinnate leaves, and large flat pods; -- so called because of the abundant long silky stamens of its blossoms. Also called silk flower. -- Silk vessel. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Silk gland, above. -- Virginia silk (Bot.), a climbing plant (Periploca Gr&ae;ca) of the Milkweed family, having a silky tuft on the seeds. It is native in Southern Europe.

Silken

Silk"en (?), a. [AS. seolcen, seolocen.]

1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk; as, silken cloth; a silken veil.

2. Fig.: Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; as, silken language. "Silken terms precise." Shak.

3. Dressed in silk. "A . . . silken wanton." Shak.

Silken

Silk"en, v. t. To render silken or silklike. Dyer.

Silkiness

Silk"i*ness (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being silky or silken; softness and smoothness.

2. Fig.: Effeminacy; weakness. [R.] B. Jonson.

Silkman

Silk"man (?), n.; pl. Silkmen (. A dealer in silks; a silk mercer. Shak.
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Silkness

Silk"ness (?), n. Silkiness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Silkweed

Silk"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genera Asclepias and Acerates whose seed vessels contain a long, silky down; milkweed.

Silkworm

Silk"worm` (?), n. [AS. seolcwyrm.] (Zo\'94l.) The larva of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths, which spins a large amount of strong silk in constructing its cocoon before changing to a pupa. &hand; The common species (Bombyx mori) feeds onm the leaves of the white mulberry tree. It is native of China, but has long been introduced into other countries of Asia and Europe, and is reared on a large scale. In America it is reared only to small extent. The Ailanthus silkworm (Philosamia cynthia) is a much larger species, of considerable importance, which has been introduced into Europe and America from China. The most useful American species is the Polyphemus. See Polyphemus. Pernyi silkworm, the larva of the Pernyi moth. See Pernyi moth. -- Silkworm gut, a substance prepared from the contents of the silk glands of silkworms and used in making lines for angling. See Gut. -- Silkworm rot, a disease of silkworms; muscardine.

Silky

Silk"y (?), a. [Compar. Silkier (?); superl. Silkiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk; silken; silklike; as, a silky luster.

2. Hence, soft and smooth; as, silky wine.

3. Covered with soft hairs pressed close to the surface, as a leaf; sericeous. Silky oak (Bot.), a lofty Australian tree (Grevillea robusta) with silky tomentose lobed or incised leaves. It furnishes a valuable timber.

Sill

Sill (?), n. [OE. sille, sylle, AS. syl, syll; akin to G. schwelle, OHG. swelli, Icel. syll, svill, Sw. syll, Dan. syld, Goth. gasuljan to lay a foundation, to found.] The basis or foundation of a thing; especially, a horizontal piece, as a timber, which forms the lower member of a frame, or supports a structure; as, the sills of a house, of a bridge, of a loom, and the like. Hence: (a) The timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshold. (b) The timber or stone on which a window frame stands; or, the lowest piece in a window frame. (c) The floor of a gallery or passage in a mine. (d) A piece of timber across the bottom of a canal lock for the gates to shut against. Sill course (Arch.), a horizontal course of stone, terra cotta, or the like, built into a wall at the level of one or more window sills, these sills often forming part of it.

Sill

Sill, n. [Cf. Thill.] The shaft or thill of a carriage. [Prov. Eng.]

Sill

Sill, n. [Cf. 4th Sile.] A young herring. [Eng.]

Sillabub

Sil"la*bub (?), n. [Cf. sile to strain, and bub liquor, also Prov. E. sillibauk.] A dish made by mixing wine or cider with milk, and thus forming a soft curd; also, sweetened cream, flavored with wine and beaten to a stiff froth. [Written also syllabub.]

Siller

Sil"ler (?), n. Silver. [Scot.]

Sillily

Sil"li*ly (?), adv. [From Silly.] In a silly manner; foolishly. Dryden.

Sillimanite

Sil"li*man*ite (?), n. [After Benjamin Siliman, an American meneralogist.] (Min.) Same as Fibrolite.

Silliness

Sil"li*ness, n. The quality or state of being silly.

Sillock

Sil"lock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pollock, or coalfish.

Sillon

Sil"lon (?), n. [F., a furrow.] (Fort.) A work raised in the middle of a wide ditch, to defend it. Crabb.

Silly

Sil"ly, a. [Compar. Sillier (?); superl. Silliest.] [OE. seely, sely, AS. s, ges, happy, good, fr. s, s, good, happy, s good fortune, happines; akin to OS. s\'belig, a, good, happy, D. zalig blessed, G. selig, OHG. s\'bel\'c6g, Icel. s, Sw. s\'84ll, Dan. salig, Goth. s good, kind, and perh. also to L. sollus whole, entire, Gr. sarva. Cf. Seel, n.]

1. Happy; fortunate; blessed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Harmless; innocent; inoffensive. [Obs.] "This silly, innocent Custance." Chaucer.

The silly virgin strove him to withstand. Spenser.
A silly, innocent hare murdered of a dog. Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. Weak; helpless; frail. [Obs.]

After long storms . . . With which my silly bark was tossed sore. Spenser.
The silly buckets on the deck. Coleridge.

4. Rustic; plain; simple; humble. [Obs.]

A fourth man, in a sillyhabit. Shak.
All that did their silly thoughts so busy keep. Milton.

5. Weak in intellect; destitute of ordinary strength of mind; foolish; witless; simple; as, a silly woman.

6. Proceeding from want of understanding or common judgment; characterized by weakness or folly; unwise; absurd; stupid; as, silly conduct; a silly question. Syn. -- Simple; brainless; witless; shallow; foolish; unwise; indiscreet. See Simple.

Sillyhow

Sil"ly*how (?), n. [Prov. E. silly-hew; cf. AS. s&aemac;lig happy, good, and h&umac;fe a cap, hood. See Silly, a.] A caul. See Caul, n., 3. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Silo

Si"lo (?), n. [F.] A pit or vat for packing away green fodder for winter use so as to exclude air and outside moisture. See Ensilage.

Silt

Silt (?), n. [OE. silte gravel, fr. silen to drain, E. sile; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. sila, prob. akin to AS. se\'a2n to filter, s\'c6gan to fall, sink, cause to sink, G. seihen to strain, to filter, OHG. sihan, Icel.s\'c6a, Skr. sic to pour; cf. Gr. Sig, Sile.] Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.

Silt

Silt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silted; p. pr. & vb. n. Silting.] To choke, fill, or obstruct with silt or mud.

Silt

Silt, v. i. To flow through crevices; to percolate.

Silty

Silt"y (?), a. Full of silt; resembling silt.

Silure

Si*lure" (?), n. [L. silurus a sort of river fish, Gr. silure.] (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Silurus, as the sheatfish; a siluroid.

Silurian

Si*lu"ri*an (?), a. [From L. Silures, a people who anciently inhabited a part of England and Wales.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the country of the ancient Silures; -- a term applied to the earliest of the Paleozoic eras, and also to the strata of the era, because most plainly developed in that country. &hand; The Silurian formation, so named by Murchison, is divided into the Upper Silurian and Lower Silurian. The lower part of the Lower Silurian, with some underlying beds, is now separated under the name Cambrian, first given by Sedwick. Recently the term Ordovician has been proposed for the Lower Silurian, leawing the original word to apply only to the Upper Silurian.

Silurian

Si*lu"ri*an, n. The Silurian age.

Siluridan

Si*lu"ri*dan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the family Silurid or of the order Siluroidei.

Siluroid

Si*lu"roid (?), n. [Silurus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Siluroidei, or Nematognathi, an order of fishes including numerous species, among which are the American catfishes and numerous allied fresh-water species of the Old World, as the sheatfish (Silurus glanis) of Europe. -- n. A siluroid fish.

Siluroidei

Sil`u*roi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL.] (zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, the Nematognathi.

Silurus

Si*lu"rus (?), n. [L. See Silure.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large malacopterygious fishes of the order Siluroidei. They inhabit the inland waters of Europe and Asia.

Silva

Sil"va (?), n.; pl. E. Silvas (#), L. Silvae (. [L., properly, a wood, forest.] [Written also sylva.] (Bot.) (a) The forest trees of a region or country, considered collectively. (b) A description or history of the forest trees of a country.

Silvan

Sil"van (?), a. [L. silva, less correctly sylva, a wood or grove, perh. akin to Gr. "y`lh; cf. L. Silvanus Silvanus the god of woods: cf. F. sylvain silvan. Cf. Savage.] Of or pertaining to woods; composed of woods or groves; woody. [Written also sylvan.]
Betwixt two rows of rocks, a silvan scene Appears above, and groves forever green. Dryden.

Silvan

Sil"van, n. (Old Chem.) See Sylvanium. [Obs.]

Silvanite

Sil"van*ite (?), n. (Min.) See Sylvanite.

Silvas ∨ Selvas

Sil"vas (?) ∨ Sel"vas (?), n. pl. [L. silva a forest, Sp. selva.] Vast woodland plains of South America.

Silvate

Sil"vate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Sylvate.

Silver

Sil"ver (?), n. [OE. silver, selver, seolver, AS. seolfor, siolfur, siolufr, silofr, sylofr; akin to OS. silubar, OFries. selover, D. zilver, LG. sulver, OHG. silabar, silbar, G. silber, Icel. silfr, Sw. silfver, Dan. s\'94lv, Goth. silubr, Russ. serebro, Lith. sidabras; of unknown origin.]

1. (Chem.) A soft white metallic element, sonorous, ductile, very malleable, and capable of a high degree of polish. It is found native, and also combined with sulphur, arsenic, antimony, chlorine, etc., in the minerals argentite, proustite, pyrargyrite, ceragyrite, etc. Silver is one of the "noble" metals, so-called, not being easily oxidized, and is used for coin, jewelry, plate, and a great variety of articles. Symbol Ag (Argentum). Atomic weight 107.7. Specific gravity 10.5. &hand; Silver was known under the name of luna to the ancients and also to the alchemists. Some of its compounds, as the halogen salts, are remarkable for the effect of light upon them, and are used in photography.

2. Coin made of silver; silver money.

3. Anything having the luster or appearance of silver.

4. The color of silver. &hand; Silver is used in the formation of many compounds of obvious meaning; as, silver-armed, silver-bright, silver-buskined, silver-coated, silver-footed, silver-haired, silver-headed, silver-mantled, silver-plated, silver-slippered, silver-sounding, silver-studded, silver-tongued, silver-white. See Silver, a. Black silver (Min.), stephanite; -- called also brittle silver ore, or brittle silver glance. -- Fulminating silver. (Chem.) (a) A black crystalline substance, Ag2O.(NH3)2, obtained by dissolving silver oxide in aqua ammonia. When dry it explodes violently on the slightest percussion. (b) Silver fulminate, a white crystalline substance, Ag2C2N2O2, obtained by adding alcohol to a solution of silver nitrate. When dry it is violently explosive. -- German silver. (Chem.) See under German. -- Gray silver. (Min.) See Freieslebenite. -- Horn silver. (Min.) See Cerargyrite. -- King's silver. (O. Eng. Law) See Postfine. -- Red silver, ∨ Ruby silver. (Min.) See Proustite, and Pyrargyrite. -- Silver beater, one who beats silver into silver leaf or silver foil. -- Silver glance, ∨ Vitreous silver. (Min.) See Argentine.

Silver

Sil"ver, a.

1. Of or pertaining to silver; made of silver; as, silver leaf; a silver cup.

2. Resembling silver. Specifically: (a) Bright; resplendent; white. "Silver hair." Shak.

Others, on silver lakes and rivers, bathed Their downy breast. Milton.
(b) Precious; costly. (c) Giving a clear, ringing sound soft and clear. "Silver voices." Spenser. (d) Sweet; gentle; peaceful. "Silver slumber." Spenser. American silver fir (Bot.), the balsam fir. See under Balsam. -- Silver age (Roman Lit.), the latter part (a. d. 14-180) of the classical period of Latinity, -- the time of writers of inferior purity of language, as compared with those of the previous golden age, so-called. -- Silver-bell tree (Bot.), an American shrub or small tree (Halesia tetraptera) with white bell-shaped flowers in clusters or racemes; the snowdrop tree. -- Silver bush (Bot.), a shrubby leguminous plant (Anthyllis Barba-Jovis) of Southern Europe, having silvery foliage. -- Silver chub (Zo\'94l.), the fallfish. -- Silver eel. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cutlass fish. (b) A pale variety of the common eel. -- Silver fir (Bot.), a coniferous tree (Abies pectinata) found in mountainous districts in the middle and south of Europe, where it often grows to the height of 100 or 150 feet. It yields Burgundy pitch and Strasburg turpentine. -- Silver foil, foil made of silver. -- Silver fox (Zo\'94l.), a variety of the common fox (Vulpes vulpes, variety argenteus) found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. Its fur is nearly black, with silvery tips, and is highly valued. Called also black fox, and silver-gray fox. -- Silver gar. (Zo\'94l.) See Billfish (a) -- Silver grain (Bot.), the lines or narrow plates of cellular tissue which pass from the pith to the bark of an exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the oak they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple, pine, cherry, etc. -- Silver grebe (Zo\'94l.), the red-throated diver. See Illust. under Diver. -- Silver hake (Zo\'94l.), the American whiting. -- Silver leaf, leaves or sheets made of silver beaten very thin. -- Silver lunge (Zo\'94l.), the namaycush. -- Silver moonfish.(Zo\'94l.) See Moonfish (b). -- Silver moth (Zo\'94l.), a lepisma. -- Silver owl (Zo\'94l.), the barn owl. -- Silver perch (Zo\'94l.), the mademoiselle, 2. -- Silver pheasant (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of beautiful crested and long-tailed Asiatic pheasants, of the genus Euplocamus. They have the tail and more or less of the upper parts silvery white. The most common species (E. nychtemerus) is native of China. -- Silver plate, domestic utensils made of silver.<-- a plating of silver on a base metal. --> -- Silver plover (Zo\'94l.), the knot. -- Silver salmon (Zo\'94l.), a salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) native of both coasts of the North Pacific. It ascends all the American rivers as far south as the Sacramento. Called also kisutch, whitefish, and white salmon. -- Silver shell (Zo\'94l.), a marine bivalve of the genus Anomia. See Anomia.<-- why Anomia not italicised? --> -- Silver steel, an alloy of steel with a very small proportion of silver. -- Silver stick, a title given to the title field officer of the Life Guards when on duty at the palace. [Eng.] Thackeray. -- Silver tree (Bot.), a South African tree (Leucadendron argenteum) with long, silvery, silky leaves. -- Silver trout, (Zo\'94l.) See Trout. -- Silver wedding. See under Wedding. -- Silver whiting (Zo\'94l.), a marine sci\'91noid food fish (Menticirrus littoralis) native of the Southern United States; -- called also surf whiting. -- Silver witch (Zo\'94l.), A lepisma.

Silver

Sil"ver (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silvered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Silvering.]

1. To cover with silver; to give a silvery appearance to by applying a metal of a silvery color; as, to silver a pin; to silver a glass mirror plate with an amalgam of tin and mercury.

2. To polish like silver; to impart a brightness to, like that of silver.

And smiling calmness silvered o'er the deep. Pope.

3. To make hoary, or white, like silver.

His head was silvered o'er with age. Gay.

Silver

Sil"ver, v. i. To acquire a silvery color. [R.]
The eastern sky began to silver and shine. L. Wallace.

Silverback

Sil"ver*back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The knot.

Silverberry

Sil"ver*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A tree or shrub (El\'91agnus argentea) with silvery foliage and fruit. Gray.

Silverbill

Sil"ver*bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Old World finch of the genus Minia, as the M. Malabarica of India, and M. cantans of Africa.

Silverboom

Sil"ver*boom` (?), n. [D. zilver silver + boom tree.] (Bot.) See Leucadendron.

Silverfin

Sil"ver*fin` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small North American fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Notropis Whipplei).

Silverfish

Sil"ver*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tarpum. (b) A white variety of the goldfish. <-- 2. one of a variety of insects of the order Thysanura; -- esp. Lepisma saccharina, which may infest houses, and eats starched clothing and sized papers. See Lepisma. -->

Silver-gray

Sil"ver-gray` (?), a. Having a gray color with a silvery luster; as, silver-gray hair.

Silveriness

Sil"ver*i*ness (?), n. The state of being silvery.

Silvering

Sil"ver*ing, n. (Metal.) The art or process of covering metals, wood, paper, glass, etc., with a thin film of metallic silver, or a substance resembling silver; also, the firm do laid on; as, the silvering of a glass speculum.

Silverize

Sil"ver*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silverized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Silverizing.] To cover with silver.

Silverless

Sil"ver*less, a. Having no silcver; hence, without money; impecunious. Piers Plowman.

Silverling

Sil"ver*ling, n. A small silver coin. [Obs.]
A thousand vines at a thousand silverings. Isa. vii. 23.

Silverly

Sil"ver*ly, adv. Like silver in appearance or in sound.
Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks. Shak.

Silvern

Sil"vern (?), a. [AS. seolfern, sylfren.] Made of silver. [Archaic.] Wyclif (Acts xix. 24).
Speech is silvern; silence is golden. Old Proverb.

Silversides

Sil"ver*sides` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small fishes of the family Atherinid\'91, having a silvery stripe along each side of the body. The common species of the American coast (Menidia notata) is very abundant. Called also silverside, sand smelt, friar, tailor, and tinker. Brook silversides (Zo\'94l.), a small fresh-water North American fish (Labadesthes sicculus) related to the marine silversides.
Page 1342

Silversmith

Sil"ver*smith` (?), n. One whose occupation is to manufacture utensils, ornaments, etc., of silver; a worker in silver.

Silverspot

Sil"ver*spot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of butterflies of the genus Argynnis and allied genera, having silvery spots on the under side of the wings. See Illust. under Aphrodite.

Silverware

Sil"ver*ware` (?), n. Dishes, vases, ornaments, and utensils of various sorts, made of silver.

Silverweed

Sil"ver*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial rosaceous herb (Potentilla Anserina) having the leaves silvery white beneath.

Silvery

Sil"ver*y (?), a.

1. Resembling, or having the luster of, silver; grayish white and lustrous; of a mild luster; bright.

All the enameled race, whose silvery wing Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring. Pope.

2. Besprinkled or covered with silver.

3. Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear in sound; as, silvery voices; a silvery laugh. Silvery iron (Metal.), a peculiar light-gray fine-grained cast iron, usually obtained from clay iron ore.

Silviculture

Sil"vi*cul`ture (?), n. [Cf. F. silviculture.] See Sylviculture.

Sima

Si"ma (?), n. (Arch.) A cyma.

Simagre

Sim"a*gre (?), n. [F. simagr\'82e.] A grimace. [Obs.] Dryden.

Simar

Si*mar" (?), n. [F. simarre. See Chimere.] A woman's long dress or robe; also light covering; a scarf. [Written also cimar, cymar, samare, simare.]

Simarre

Si`marre" (?). [F.] See Simar. Sir W. Scott.

Simblot

Sim"blot (?), n. [F. simbleau.] The harness of a drawloom.

Simia

Sim"i*a (?), n. [L., an ape; cf. simus flatnosed, snub-nosed, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A Linn\'91an genus of Quadrumana which included the types of numerous modern genera. By modern writers it is usually restricted to the genus which includes the orang-outang.

Simial

Sim"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Simian; apelike.

Simian

Sim"i*an (?), a. [L. simia an ape.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family Simiad\'91, which, in its widest sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys; also, apelike. -- n. Any Old World monkey or ape.

Similar

Sim"i*lar (?), a. [F. similaire, fr. L. similis like, similar. See Same, a., and cf. Simulate.]

1. Exactly corresponding; resembling in all respects; precisely like.

2. Nearly corresponding; resembling in many respects; somewhat like; having a general likeness.

3. Homogenous; uniform. [R.] Boyle. Similar figures (Geom.), figures which differ from each other only in magnitude, being made up of the same number of like parts similarly situated. -- Similar rectilineal figures, such as have their several angles respectively equal, each to each, and their sides about the equal angles proportional. -- Similar solids, such as are contained by the same number of similar planes, similarly situated, and having like inclination to one another.

Similar

Sim"i*lar, n. That which is similar to, or resembles, something else, as in quality, form, etc.

Similarity

Sim`i*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (#). [Cf. F. similarit\'82.] The quality or state of being similar; likeness; resemblance; as, a similarity of features.
Hardly is there a similarity detected between two or three facts, than men hasten to extend it to all. Sir W. Hamilton.

Similarly

Sim"i*lar*ly (?), adv. In a similar manner.

Similary

Sim"i*lar*y (?), a. Similar. [Obs.]
Rhyming cadences of similarly words. South.

Similative

Sim"i*la*tive (?), a. Implying or indicating likeness or resemblance. [R.]
In similative or instrumental relation to a pa. pple. [past participle], as almond-leaved, -scented, etc. New English Dict.

Simile

Simi"*le (?), n.; pl. Similes (#). [L., from similis. See Similar.] (Rhet.) A word or phrase by which anything is likened, in one or more of its aspects, to something else; a similitude; a poetical or imaginative comparison.
A good swift simile, but something currish. Shak.

Similiter

Si*mil"i*ter (?), n. [L., in like manner.] (Law) The technical name of the form by which either party, in pleading, accepts the issue tendered by his opponent; -- called sometimes a joinder in issue.

Similitude

Si*mil"i*tude (?), n. [F. similitude, L. similitudo, from similis similar. See Similar.]

1. The quality or state of being similar or like; resemblance; likeness; similarity; as, similitude of substance. Chaucer.

Let us make now man in our image, man In our similitude. Milton.
If fate some future bard shall join In sad similitude of griefs to mine. Pope.

2. The act of likening, or that which likens, one thing to another; fanciful or imaginative comparison; a simile.

Tasso, in his similitudes, never departed from the woods; that is, all his comparisons were taken from the country. Dryden.

3. That which is like or similar; a representation, semblance, or copy; a facsimile.

Man should wed his similitude. Chaucer.

Similitudinary

Si*mil`i*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Involving or expressing similitude. [Obs.] Coke.

Similize

Sim"i*lize (?), v. t. To liken; to compare; as, to similize a person, thing, or act. Lowell.

Similor

Sim"i*lor (?), n. [F., fr. L. similus similar + F. or gold, L. aurum. Cf. Semilor.] An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, but of a golden color. Ure.

Semious

Sem"i*ous (?), a.[L. simia an ape.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Sim
That strange simious, schoolboy passion of giving pain to others. Sydney Smith.

Simitar

Sim"i*tar (?), n. See Scimiter.

Simmer

Sim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Simmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Simmering.] [Prov. E. also simper; -- an onomatopoetic word.] To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing; to begin to boil.
I simmer as liquor doth on the fire before it beginneth to boil. Palsgrave.

Simmer

Sim"mer, v. t. To cause to boil gently; to cook in liquid heated almost or just to the boiling point.

Simnel

Sim"nel (?), n. [OF. simenel cake or bread of wheat flour, LL. simenellus wheat bread, fr. L. simila the finest wheat flour. Cf. Semolina.]

1. A kind of cake made of fine flour; a cracknel. [Obs.]

Not common bread, but vastel bread, or simnels. Fuller.

2. A kind of rich plum cake, eaten especially on Mid-Lent Sunday. [Eng.] Herrick.

Simoniac

Si*mo"ni*ac (?), n. [LL. simoniacus. See Simony.] One who practices simony, or who buys or sells preferment in the church. Ayliffe.

Simoniacal

Sim`o*ni"a*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to simony; guilty of simony; consisting of simony. -- Sim"o*ni`a*cal*ly, adv.
The flagitious profligacy of their lives, and the simoniacal arts by which they grasped at the popedom. J. S. Harford.

Simonial

Si*mo"ni*al (?), a. Simoniacal. [Obs.]

Simonian

Si*mo"ni*an (?), n.[See Simony.] One of the followers of Simon Magus; also, an adherent of certain heretical sects in the early Christian church.

Simonious

Si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. Simoniacal. [Obs.] Milton.

Simonist

Sim"o*nist (?), n. One who practices simony.

Simony

Sim"o*ny (?), n. [F. simonie, LL. simonia, fr. Simon Magus, who wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy Spirit. Acts viii.] The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; the corrupt presentation of any one to an ecclesiastical benefice for money or reward. Piers Plowman.

Simoom, Simoon

Si*moom" (?), Si*moon" (?), n. [Ar. sam, fr. samma to poison. Cf. Samiel.] A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind, that blows occasionally in Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries, generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy plains.

Simous

Si"mous (?), a.[L. simus, Gr. Having a very flat or snub nose, with the end turned up.

Simpai

Sim"pai (?), n.[Malay simpei.] (Zo\'94l.) A long-tailed monkey (Semnopitchecus melalophus) native of Sumatra. It has a crest of black hair. The forehead and cheeks are fawn color, the upper parts tawny and red, the under parts white. Called also black-crested monkey, and sinp\'91.

Simper

Sim"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Simpered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Simpering.] [Cf. Norw. semper fine, smart, dial. Dan. semper, simper, affected, coy, prudish, OSw. semper one who affectedly refrains from eating, Sw. sipp finical, prim, LG. sipp.]

1. To smile in a silly, affected, or conceited manner.

Behold yond simpering dame. Shak.
With a made countenance about her mouth, between simpering and smiling. ir. P. Sidney.

2. To glimmer; to twinkle. [Obs.]

Yet can I mark how stars above Simper and shine. Herbert.

Simper

Sim"per, n. A constrained, self-conscious smile; an affected, silly smile; a smirk.
The conscious simper, and the jealous leer. Pope.

Simperer

Sim"per*er (?), n. One who simpers. Sir W. Scott.
A simperer that a court affords. T. Nevile.

Simpering

Sim"per*ing, a. &. n. from Simper, v.

Simperingly

Sim"per*ing*ly, adv. In a simpering manner.

Simple

Sim"ple (?), a. [Compar. Simpler (?); superl. Simplest.] [F., fr. L. simplus, or simplex, gen. simplicis. The first part of the Latin words is probably akin to E. same, and the sense, one, one and the same; cf. L. semel once, singuli one to each, single. Cg. Single, a., Same, a., and for the last part of the word cf. Double, Complex.]

1. Single; not complex; not infolded or entangled; uncombined; not compounded; not blended with something else; not complicated; as, a simple substance; a simple idea; a simple sound; a simple machine; a simple problem; simple tasks.

2. Plain; unadorned; as, simple dress. "Simple truth." Spenser. "His simple story." Burns.

3. Mere; not other than; being only.

A medicine . . . whose simple touch Is powerful to araise King Pepin. Shak.

4. Not given to artifice, stratagem, or duplicity; undesigning; sincere; true.

Full many fine men go upon my score, as simple as I stand here, and I trust them. Marston.
Must thou trust Tradition's simple tongue? Byron.
To be simple is to be great. Emerson.

5. Artless in manner; unaffected; unconstrained; natural; inartificial;; straightforward.

In simple manners all the secret lies. Young.

6. Direct; clear; intelligible; not abstruse or enigmatical; as, a simple statement; simple language.

7. Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; of but moderate understanding or attainments; hence, foolish; silly. "You have simple wits." Shak.

The simple believeth every word; but the prudent man looketh well to his going. Prov. xiv. 15.

8. Not luxurious; without much variety; plain; as, a simple diet; a simple way of living.

Thy simple fare and all thy plain delights. Cowper.

9. Humble; lowly; undistinguished.

A simple husbandman in garments gray. Spenser.
Clergy and laity, male and female, gentle and simple made the fuel of the same fire. Fuller.

10. (BOt.) Without subdivisions; entire; as, a simple stem; a simple leaf.

11. (Chem.) Not capable of being decomposed into anything more simple or ultimate by any means at present known; elementary; thus, atoms are regarded as simple bodies. Cf. Ultimate, a. &hand; A simple body is one that has not as yet been decomposed. There are indications that many of our simple elements are still compound bodies, though their actual decomposition into anything simpler may never be accomplished.<-- see fundamental particle -->

12. (Min.) Homogenous.

13. (Zo\'94l.) Consisting of a single individual or zooid; as, a simple ascidian; -- opposed to compound. Simple contract (Law), any contract, whether verbal or written, which is not of record or under seal. J. W. Smith. Chitty. -- Simple equation (Alg.), an eqyation containing but one unknown quantity, and that quantity only in the first degree. -- Simple eye (Zo\'94l.), an eye having a single lens; -- opposed to compound eye. -- Simple interest. See under Interest. -- Simple larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. -- Simple obligation (Rom. Law), an obligation which does not depend for its execution upon any event provided for by the parties, or is not to become void on the happening of any such event. Burrill. Syn. -- Single; uncompounded; unmingled; unmixed; mere; uncombined; elementary; plain; artless; sincere; harmless; undesigning; frank; open; unaffected; inartificial; unadorned; credulous; silly; foolish; shallow; unwise. -- Simple, Silly. One who is simple is sincere, unaffected, and inexperienced in duplicity, -- hence liable to be duped. A silly person is one who is ignorant or weak and also self-confident; hence, one who shows in speech and act a lack of good sense. Simplicity is incompatible with duplicity, artfulness, or vanity, while silliness is consistent with all three. Simplicity denotes lack of knowledge or of guile; silliness denotes want of judgment or right purpose, a defect of character as well as of education.

I am a simple woman, much too weak To oppose your cunning. Shak.
He is the companion of the silliest people in their most silly pleasure; he is ready for every impertinent entertainment and diversion. Law.

Simple

Sim"ple (?), n. [F. See Simple, a.]

1. Something not mixed or compounded. "Compounded of many simples." Shak.

2. (Med.) A medicinal plant; -- so called because each vegetable was supposed to possess its particular virtue, and therefore to constitute a simple remedy.

What virtue is in this remedy lies in the naked simple itself as it comes over from the Indies. Sir W. Temple.

3. (Weaving) (a) A drawloom. (b) A part of the apparatus for raising the heddles of a drawloom.

4. (R. C. Ch.) A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.

Simple

Sim"ple, v. i. To gather simples, or medicinal plants.
As simpling on the flowery hills she [Circe] strayed. Garth.

Simple-hearted

Sim"ple-heart`ed (?), a. Sincere; inguenuous; guileless. Sir W. Scott.

Simple-minded

Sim"ple-mind`ed (?), a. Artless; guileless; simple-hearted; undesigning; unsuspecting; devoid of duplicity. Blackstone. -- Sim"ple-mind`ed*ness, n.

Simpleness

Sim"ple*ness, n. The quality or state of being simple; simplicity. Shak.

Simpler

Sim"pler (?), n. One who collects simples, or medicinal plants; a herbalist; a simplist. Simpler's joy. (Bot.) Vervain.

Simpless

Sim"pless (?), n. [F. simplesse.] Simplicity; silliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Simpleton

Sim"ple*ton (?), n. [Cf. F. simplet, It. semplicione.] A person of weak intellect; a silly person.

Simplician

Sim*pli"cian (?), n. [Cf. OF. simplicien.] One who is simple. [Obs.] Arnway.

Simplicity

Sim*plic"i*ty (?), n. [F. simplicit\'82, L. simplicitas. See Simple.]

1. The quality or state of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded; as, the simplicity of metals or of earths.

2. The quality or state of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts; as, the simplicity of a machine.

3. Artlessness of mind; freedom from cunning or duplicity; lack of acuteness and sagacity.

Marquis Dorset, a man, for his harmless simplicity neither misliked nor much regarded. Hayward.
In wit a man; simplicity a child. Pope.

4. Freedom from artificial ornament, pretentious style, or luxury; plainness; as, simplicity of dress, of style, or of language; simplicity of diet; simplicity of life.

5. Freedom from subtlety or abstruseness; clearness; as, the simplicity of a doctrine; the simplicity of an explanation or a demonstration.

6. Weakness of intellect; silliness; folly.

How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning? Prov. i. 22.

Simplification

Sim`pli*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. simplification.] The act of simplifying. A. Smith.

Simplify

Sim"pli*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Simplified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Simplifying (?).] [Cf. F. simplifier, LL. simplificare. See Simple, and -fy.] To make simple; to make less complex; to make clear by giving the explanation for; to show an easier or shorter process for doing or making.
The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far simplified. A. Hamilton.
It is important, in scientific pursuits, to be caitious in simplifying our deductions. W. Nicholson.

Simplist

Sim"plist (?), n. One skilled in simples, or medicinal plants; a simpler. Sir T. Browne.

Simplistic

Sim*plis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to simples, or a simplist. [R.] Wilkinson.

Simplity

Sim"pli*ty (?), n. Simplicity. [Obs.]

Simploce

Sim"plo*ce (?), n. (Gram.) See Symploce.

Simply

Sim"ply (?), adv.

1. In a simple manner or state; considered in or by itself; without addition; along; merely; solely; barely.

[They] make that now good or evil, . . . which otherwise of itself were not simply the one or the other. Hooker.
Simply the thing I am Shall make me live. Shak.
Page 1343

2. Plainly; without art or subtlety.

Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek. Milton.

3. Weakly; foolishly. Johnson.

Simulacher, Simulachre

Sim"u*la`cher, Sim"u*la`chre (?), n. [Cf. F. simulacre.] See Simulacrum. [Obs.]

Simulacrum

Sim`u*la"crum (?), n.; pl. Simulacra (#). [L. See Simulate.] A likeness; a semblance; a mock appearance; a sham; -- now usually in a derogatory sense.
Beneath it nothing but a great simulacrum. Thackeray.

Simular

Sim"u*lar (?), n. [Cf. L. simulator, F. simulateur. See Simulate.] One who pretends to be what he is not; one who, or that which, simulates or counterfeits something; a pretender. [Obs.] Shak.
Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to say, simulars, and painted sepulchers. Tyndale.

Simular

Sim"u*lar, a. False; specious; counterfeit. [R. & Obs.] "Thou simular man of virtue." Shak.

Simulate

Sim"u*late (?), a. [L. simulatus, p. p. of simulare to simulate; akin to simul at the same time, together, similis like. See Similar, and cf. Dissemble, Semblance.] Feigned; pretended. Bale.

Simulate

Sim"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Simulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Simulating.] To assume the mere appearance of, without the reality; to assume the signs or indications of, falsely; to counterfeit; to feign.
The Puritans, even in the depths of the dungeons to which she had sent them, prayed, and with no simulated fervor, that she might be kept from the dagger of the assassin. Macaulay.

Simulation

Sim`u*la"tion (?), n. [F. simulation, L. simulatio.] The act of simulating, or assuming an appearance which is feigned, or not true; -- distinguished from dissimulation, which disguises or conceals what is true. Syn. -- Counterfeiting; feint; pretense.

Simulator

Sim"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who simulates, or feigns. De Quincey.

Simulatory

Sim"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Simulated, or capable of being simulated. Bp. Hall.

Simultaneity

Si`mul*ta*ne"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.

Simultaneous

Si`mul*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [LL. simultim at the same time, fr. L. simul. See Simulate.] Existing, happening, or done, at the same time; as, simultaneous events. -- Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. Simultaneous equations (Alg.), two or more equations in which the values of the unknown quantities entering them are the same at the same time in both or in all.

Simulty

Sim"ul*ty (?), n. [L. simultas a hostile encounter, drudge, originally, a (hostile) coming together, fr. simul together: cf. OF. simult\'82.] Private grudge or quarrel; as, domestic simulties. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Sin

Sin (?), adv., prep., & conj. Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
Sin that his lord was twenty year of age. Chaucer.

Sin

Sin, n. [OE. sinne, AS. synn, syn; akin to D. zonde, OS. sundia, OHG. sunta, G. s\'81nde, Icel., Dan. & Sw. synd, L. sons, sontis, guilty, perhaps originally from the p. pr. of the verb signifying, to be, and meaning, the one who it is. Cf. Authentic, Sooth.]

1. Transgression of the law of God; disobedience of the divine command; any violation of God's will, either in purpose or conduct; moral deficiency in the character; iniquity; as, sins of omission and sins of commission.

Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. John viii. 34.
Sin is the transgression of the law. 1 John iii. 4.
I think 't no sin. To cozen him that would unjustly win. Shak.
Enthralled By sin to foul, exorbitant desires. Milton.

2. An offense, in general; a violation of propriety; a misdemeanor; as, a sin against good manners.

I grant that poetry's a crying sin. Pope.

3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.

He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21.

4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person. [R.]

Thy ambition, Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham. Shak.
&hand; Sin is used in the formation of some compound words of obvious signification; as, sin-born; sin-bred, sin-oppressed, sin-polluted, and the like. Actual sin, Canonical sins, Original sin, Venial sin. See under Actual, Canonical, etc. -- Deadly, ∨ Mortal, sins (R. C. Ch.), willful and deliberate transgressions, which take away divine grace; -- in distinction from vental sins. The seven deadly sins are pride, covetousness, lust, wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth. -- Sin eater, a man who (according to a former practice in England) for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread laid on the chest of a dead person, whereby he was supposed to have taken the sins of the dead person upon himself. -- Sin offering, a sacrifice for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin. Syn. -- Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See Crime.

Sin

Sin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sinning.] [OE. sinnen, singen, sinegen, AS. syngian. See Sin, n.]

1. To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular, by actual transgression or by the neglect or nonobservance of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty; -- often followed by against.

Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. Ps. li. 4.
All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. Rom. iii. 23.

2. To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to commit an offense; to trespass; to transgress.

I am a man More sinned against than sinning. Shak.
Who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against the eternal cause. Pope.

Sinaic, Sinaitic

Si*na"ic (?), Si`na*it"ic (?), a. [From Mount Sinai.] Of or pertaining to Mount Sinai; given or made at Mount Sinai; as, the Sinaitic law. Sinaitic manuscript, a fourth century Greek manuscript of the part Bible, discovered at Mount Sinai (the greater part of it in 1859) by Tisschendorf, a German Biblical critic; -- called also Codex Sinaiticus.

Sinalbin

Sin*al"bin (?), n. [From L. Sinapis + alba.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in the seeds of white mustard (Brassica alba, formerly Sinapis alba), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Sinamine

Sin*am"ine (?), n. [Sinapis + melamine.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly from oil of mustard and ammonia; -- called also allyl melamine.

Sinapate

Sin"a*pate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sinapic acid.

Sinapic

Sin"a*pic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an acid (C11H12O5) related to gallic acid, and obtained by the decomposition of sinapine, as a white crystalline substance.

Sinapine

Sin"a*pine (?), n. [L. sinapi, sinapis, mustard, Gr. sinapine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid occuring in the seeds of mustard. It is extracted, in combination with sulphocyanic acid, as a white crystalline substance, having a hot, bitter taste. When sinapine is isolated it is unstable and undergoes decomposition.

Sinapis

Si*na"pis (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A disused generic name for mustard; -- now called Brassica.

Sinapisin

Sin"a*pis`in (?), n. (Chem.) A substance extracted from mustard seed and probably identical with sinalbin. [Obs.]

Sinapism

Sin"a*pism (?), n. [L. sinapismus, Gr. (Med.) A plaster or poultice composed principally of powdered mustard seed, or containing the volatile oil of mustard seed. It is a powerful irritant.

Sinapoleic

Sin`a*po*le"ic (?), a. [Sinapis + oleic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to mustard oil; specifically, designating an acid of the oleic acid series said to occur in mistard oil.

Sinapoline

Si*nap"o*line (?), n. [Sinapis + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, CO.(NH.C3H5)2, related to urea, extracted from mustard oil, and also produced artifically, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also diallyl urea.

Sincaline

Sin"ca*line (?), n. [So called because obtained by the action of alkalies on sinapine.] (Chem.) Choline. [Written also sinkaline.]

Since

Since (?), adv. [For sins, contr. fr. OE. sithens, sithenes, formed by an adverbial ending (cf. Besides) from OE. sithen, also shortened into sithe, sin, AS. si, sy, seo, afterward, then, since, after; properly, after that; fr. s\'c6s\'c6 afterward, since, OHG. s\'c6d, G. seit since, Goth. seipus late, ni sei no longer) + instrumental of the demonstrative and article. See That.]

1. From a definite past time until now; as, he went a month ago, and I have not seen him since.

We since become the slaves to one man's lust. B. Jonson.

2. In the time past, counting backward from the present; before this or now; ago.

w many ages since has Virgil writ? Roscommon.
About two years since, it so fell out, that he was brought to a great lady's house. Sir P. Sidney.

3. When or that. [Obs.]

Do you remember since we lay all night in the windmill in St. George's field? Shak.

Since

Since, prep. From the time of; in or during the time subsequent to; subsequently to; after; -- usually with a past event or time for the object.
The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. xxx. 30.
I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any extant since the ancients. Dryden.

Since

Since, conj. Seeing that; because; considering; -- formerly followed by that.
Since that my penitence comes after all, Imploring pardon. Shak.
Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love, nor sense of pain, Nor force of reason, can persuade, Then let example be obeyed. Granville.
Syn. -- Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See Because.

Sincere

Sin*cere" (?), a. [Compar. Sincerer (?); superl. Sincerest.] [L. sincerus, of uncertain origin; the first part perhaps akin to sin- in singuli (see Single), and the second to cernere to separate (cf. Discern): cf. F. sinc\'8are.]

1. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated.

There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. Arbuthnot.
A joy which never was sincere till now. Dryden.

2. Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured. [Obs.]

The inviolable body stood sincere. Dryden.

3. Being in reality what it appears to be; having a character which corresponds with the appearance; not falsely assumed; genuine; true; real; as, a sincere desire for knowledge; a sincere contempt for meanness.

A sincere intention of pleasing God in all our actions. Law.

4. Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation; as, a sincere friend; a sincere person.

The more sincere you are, the better it will fare with you at the great day of account. Waterland.
Syn. -- Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true; unaffected; inartificial; frank; upright. See Hearty.

Sincerely

Sin*cere"ly, adv. In a sincere manner. Specifically: (a) Purely; without alloy. Milton. (b) Honestly; unfeignedly; without dissimulation; as, to speak one's mind sincerely; to love virtue sincerely.

Sincereness

Sin*cere"ness, n. Same as Sincerity. Beau & Fl.

Sincerity

Sin*cer"i*ty (?), n. [L. sinceritas: cf. F. sinc\'82rit\'82.] The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false pretense; sincereness.
I protest, in the sincerity of love. Shak.
Sincerity is a duty no less plain than important. Knox.

Sinch

Sinch (?), n. [See Cinch.] A saddle girth made of leather, canvas, woven horsehair, or woven grass. [Western U.S.]

Sinch

Sinch, v. t. To gird with a sinch; to tighten the sinch or girth of (a saddle); as, to sinch up a sadle. [Western U.S.]

Sincipital

Sin*cip"i*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sinciput; being in the region of the sinciput.

Sinciput

Sin"ci*put (?), n. [L., half a head; semihalf + caput the head.]

1. (Anat.) The fore part of the head.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The part of the head of a bird between the base of the bill and the vertex.

Sindon

Sin"don (?), n. [L., a kind of fine Indian cotton stuff, Gr.

1. A wrapper. [Obs.] "Wrapped in sindons of linen." Bacon.

2. (Surg.) A small rag or pledget introduced into the hole in the cranium made by a trephine. Dunglison.

Sine

Sine (?), n. [LL. sinus a sine, L. sinus bosom, used in translating the Ar. jaib, properly, bosom, but probably read by mistake (the consonants being the same) for an original j\'c6ba sine, from Skr. j\'c6va bowstring, chord of an arc, sine.] (Trig.) (a) The length of a perpendicular drawn from one extremity of an arc of a circle to the diameter drawn through the other extremity. (b) The perpendicular itself. See Sine of angle, below. Artificial sines, logarithms of the natural sines, or logarithmic sines. -- Curve of sines. See Sinusoid. -- Natural sines, the decimals expressing the values of the sines, the radius being unity. -- Sine of an angle, in a circle whose radius is unity, the sine of the arc that measures the angle; in a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the given angle divided by the hypotenuse. See Trigonometrical function, under Function. -- Versed sine, that part of the diameter between the sine and the arc.

Sine

Si"ne (?), prep. [L.] Without.

Sinecural

Si"ne*cu`ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a sinecure; being in the nature of a sinecure.

Sinecure

Si`ne*cure (?), n. [L. sine without + cura care, LL., a cure. See Cure.]

1. An ecclesiastical benefice without the care of souls. Ayliffe.

2. Any office or position which requires or involves little or no responsibility, labor, or active service.

A lucrative sinecure in the Excise. Macaulay.

Sinecure

Si"ne*cure, v. t. To put or place in a sinecure.

Sinecurism

Si"ne*cu*rism (?), n. The state of having a sinecure.

Sinecurist

Si"ne*cu*rist (?), n. One who has a sinecure.

Sinew

Sin"ew (?), n. [OE. sinewe, senewe, AS. sinu, seonu; akin to D. zenuw, OHG. senawa, G. sehne, Icel. sin, Sw. sena, Dan. sene; cf. Skr. sn\'beva. &root;290.]

1. (Anat.) A tendon or tendonous tissue. See Tendon.

2. Muscle; nerve. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

3. Fig.: That which supplies strength or power.

The portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry. Shak.
The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war. Sir W. Raleigh.
&hand; Money alone is often called the sinews of war.

Sinew

Sin"ew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sinewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sinewing.] To knit together, or make strong with, or as with, sinews. Shak.
Wretches, now stuck up for long tortures . . . might, if properly treated, serve to sinew the state in time of danger. Goldsmith.

Sinewed

Sin"ewed (?), a.

1. Furnished with sinews; as, a strong-sinewed youth.

2. Fig.: Equipped; strengthened.

When he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defense. Shak.

Sinewiness

Sin"ew*i*ness (?), n. Quality of being sinewy.

Sinewish

Sin"ew*ish, a. Sinewy. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Sinewless

Sin"ew*less, a. Having no sinews; hence, having no strength or vigor.

Sinewous

Sin"ew*ous (?), a. Sinewy. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Sinew-shrunk

Sin"ew-shrunk` (?), a. (Far.) Having the sinews under the belly shrunk by excessive fatigue.

Sinewy

Sin"ew*y (?), a.

1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, a sinew or sinews.

The sinewy thread my brain lets fall. Donne.

2. Well braced with, or as if with, sinews; nervous; vigorous; strong; firm; tough; as, the sinewy Ajax.

A man whose words . . . were so close and sinewy. Hare.

Sinful

Sin"ful (?), a. [AAS. synfull.] Tainted with, or full of, sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as, sinful men; sinful thoughts. Piers Plowman.
Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity. Isa. i. 4.
-- Sin"ful*ly, adv. -- Sin"ful*ness, n.

Sing

Sing (?), v. i. [imp. Sung (?) or Sang (; p. p. Sung; p. pr. & vb. n. Singing.] [AS. singan; akin to D. zingen, OS. & OHG. singan, G. singen, Icel. syngja, Sw. sjunga, Dan. synge, Goth. siggwan, and perhaps to E. say, v.t., or cf. Gr. Singe, Song.]

1. To utter sounds with musical inflections or melodious modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune, or of a given part (as alto, tenor, etc.) in a chorus or concerted piece.

The noise of them that sing do I hear. Ex. xxxii. 18.

2. To utter sweet melodious sounds, as birds do.

On every bough the briddes heard I sing. Chaucer.
Singing birds, in silver cages hung. Dryden.

3. To make a small, shrill sound; as, the air sings in passing through a crevice.

O'er his head the flying spear Sang innocent, and spent its force in air. Pope.

4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse; to celebrate something in poetry. Milton.

Bid her . . . sing Of human hope by cross event destroyed. Prior.
Page 1344

5. Ti cry out; to complain. [Obs.]

They should sing if thet they were bent. Chaucer.

Sing

Sing (?), v. t.

1. To utter with musical infections or modulations of voice.

And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb. Rev. xv. 3.
And in the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

2. To celebrate is song; to give praises to in verse; to relate or rehearse in numbers, verse, or poetry. Milton.

Arms and the man I sing. Dryden.
The last, the happiest British king, Whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing. Addison.

3. To influence by singing; to lull by singing; as, to sing a child to sleep.

4. To accompany, or attend on, with singing.

I heard them singing home the bride. Longfellow.

Singe

Singe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Singed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Singeing (?).] [OE. sengen, AS. sengan in besengan (akin to D. zengen, G. sengen), originally, to cause to sing, fr. AS. singan to sing, in allusion to the singing or hissing sound often produced when a substance is singed, or slightly burned. See Sing.]

1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn the ends or outside of; as, to singe the hair or the skin.

You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . . Singe my white head! Shak.
I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass. L'Estrange.

2. (a) To remove the nap of (cloth), by passing it rapidly over a red-hot bar, or over a flame, preliminary to dyeing it. (b) To remove the hair or down from (a plucked chicken or the like) by passing it over a flame.

Singe

Singe, n. A burning of the surface; a slight burn.

Singer

Sin"ger (?), n. [From Singe.] One who, or that which, singes. Specifically: (a) One employed to singe cloth. (b) A machine for singeing cloth.

Singer

Sing"er (?), n. [From Sing.] One who sings; especially, one whose profession is to sing.

Singeress

Sing"er*ess, n. A songstress. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Singhalese

Sin`gha*lese" (?), n. & a. [Skr.Si Ceylon.] (Ethnol.) Same as Cingalese.

Singing

Sing"ing (?), a. & n. from Sing, v. Singing bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Popularly, any bird that sings; a song bird. (b) Specifically, any one of the Oscines. -- Singing book, a book containing music for singing; a book of tunes. -- Singing falcon ∨ hawk. (Zo\'94l.) See Chanting falcon, under Chanting. -- Singing fish (Zo\'94l.), a California toadfish (Porichthys porosissimus). -- Singing flame (Acoustics), a flame, as of hydrogen or coal gas, burning within a tube and so adjusted as to set the air within the tube in vibration, causing sound. The apparatus is called also chemical harmonicon. -- Singing master, a man who teaches vocal music. -- Singing school, a school in which persons are instructed in singing.

Singingly

Sing"ing*ly, adv. With sounds like singing; with a kind of tune; in a singing tone. G. North (1575).

Single

Sin"gle (?), a. [L. singulus, a dim. from the root in simplex simple; cf. OE. & OF. sengle, fr. L. singulus. See Simple, and cf. Singular.]

1. One only, as distinguished from more than one; consisting of one alone; individual; separate; as, a single star.

No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all the rest. Pope.

2. Alone; having no companion.

Who single hast maintained, Against revolted multitudes, the cause Of truth. Milton.

3. Hence, unmarried; as, a single man or woman.

Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness. Shak.
Single chose to live, and shunned to wed. Dryden.

4. Not doubled, twisted together, or combined with others; as, a single thread; a single strand of a rope.

5. Performed by one person, or one on each side; as, a single combat.

These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant, . . . Who now defles thee thrice ti single fight. Milton.

6. Uncompounded; pure; unmixed.

Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound. I. Watts.

7. Not deceitful or artful; honest; sincere.

I speak it with a single heart. Shak.

8. Simple; not wise; weak; silly. [Obs.]

He utters such single matter in so infantly a voice. Beau & Fl.
Single ale, beer, ∨ drink, small ale, etc., as contrasted with double ale, etc., which is stronger. [Obs.] Nares. -- Single bill (Law), a written engagement, generally under seal, for the payment of money, without a penalty. Burril. -- Single court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for only two players. -- Single-cut file. See the Note under 4th File. -- Single entry. See under Bookkeeping. -- Single file. See under 1st File. -- Single flower (Bot.), a flower with but one set of petals, as a wild rose. -- Single knot. See Illust. under Knot. -- Single whip (Naut.), a single rope running through a fixed block.

Single

Sin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Singled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Singling (?).]

1. To select, as an individual person or thing, from among a number; to choose out from others; to separate.

Dogs who hereby can single out their master in the dark. Bacon.
His blood! she faintly screamed her mind Still singling one from all mankind. More.

2. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire. [Obs.]

An agent singling itself from consorts. Hooker.

3. To take alone, or one by one.

Men . . . commendable when they are singled. Hooker.

Single

Sin"gle, v. i. To take the irrregular gait called single-foot;- said of a horse. See Single-foot.
Many very fleet horses, when overdriven, adopt a disagreeable gait, which seems to be a cross between a pace and a trot, in which the two legs of one side are raised almost but not quite, simultaneously. Such horses are said to single, or to be single-footed. W. S. Clark.

Single

Sin"gle, n.

1. A unit; one; as, to score a single.

2. pl. The reeled filaments of silk, twisted without doubling to give them firmness.

3. A handful of gleaned grain. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

4. (Law Tennis) A game with but one player on each side; -- usually in the plural.

5. (Baseball) A hit by a batter which enables him to reach first base only.

Single-acting

Sin"gle-act`ing (?), a. Having simplicity of action; especially (Mach.), acting or exerting force during strokes in one direction only; -- said of a reciprocating engine, pump, etc.

Single-breasted

Sin"gle-breast`ed (?), a. Lapping over the breast only far enough to permit of buttoning, and having buttons on one edge only; as, a single-breasted coast.

Single-foot

Sin"gle-foot` (?), n. An irregular gait of a horse; -- called also single-footed pace. See Single, v. i.
Single-foot is an irregular pace, rather rare, distinguished by the posterior extremities moving in the order of a fast walk, and the anterior extremities in that of a slow trot. Stillman (The Horse in Motion.)

Single-handed

Sin"gle-hand"ed (?), a. Having but one hand, or one workman; also, alone; unassisted. <-- single-handedly, adv. by oneself, alone, unassisted. -->

Single-hearted

Sin"gle-heart"ed (?), a. Having an honest heart; free from duplicity. -- Sin"gle-heart"ed*ly, adv.

Single-minded

Sin"gle-mind"ed (?), a. Having a single purpose; hence, artless; guileless; single-hearted.

Singleness

Sin"gle*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being single, or separate from all others; the opposite of doubleness, complication, or multiplicity.

2. Freedom from duplicity, or secondary and selfish ends; purity of mind or purpose; simplicity; sincerity; as, singleness of purpose; singleness of heart.

Singles

Sin"gles (?), n. pl. See Single, n., 2.

Singlestick

Sin"gle*stick` (?), n. (a) In England and Scotland, a cudgel used in fencing or fighting; a backsword. (b) The game played with singlesticks, in which he who first brings blood from his adversary's head is pronounced victor; backsword; cudgeling.

Singlet

Sin"glet (?), n. An unlined or undyed waistcoat; a single garment; -- opposed to doublet. [Prov. Eng.]

Singleton

Sin"gle*ton (?), n. In certain games at cards, as whist, a single card of any suit held at the deal by a player; as, to lead a singleton.

Singletree

Sin"gle*tree` (?), n. [Cf. Swingletree.] The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces of a harnessed horse are fixed; a whiffletree. &hand; When two horses draw abreast, a singletree is fixed at each end of another crosspiece, called the doubletree.

Singly

Sin"gly (?), adv.

1. Individually; particularly; severally; as, to make men singly and personally good.

2. Only; by one's self; alone.

Look thee, 't is so! Thou singly honest man. Shak.

3. Without partners, companions, or associates; single-handed; as, to attack another singly.

At omber singly to decide their doom. Pope.

4. Honestly; sincerely; simply. [R.] Johnson.

5. Singularly; peculiarly. [Obs.] Milton.

Sing-sing

Sing"-sing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The kob.

Singsong

Sing"song` (?), n.

1. Bad singing or poetry.

2. A drawling or monotonous tone, as of a badly executed song.

Singsong

Sing"song`, a. Drawling; monotonous.

Singsong

Sing"song`, v. i. To write poor poetry. [R.] Tennyson.

Singster

Sing"ster (?), n. A songstress. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Singular

Sin"gu*lar (?), a. [OE. singuler, F. singulier, fr. L. singularius, singularis, fr. singulus single. See Single, a.]

1. Separate or apart from others; single; distinct. [Obs.] Bacon.

And God forbid that all a company Should rue a singular man's folly. Chaucer.

2. Engaged in by only one on a side; single. [Obs.]

To try the matter thus together in a singular combat. Holinshed.

3. (Logic) Existing by itself; single; individual.

The idea which represents one . . . determinate thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple, complex, or compound. I. Watts.

4. (Law) Each; individual; as, to convey several parcels of land, all and singular.

5. (Gram.) Denoting one person or thing; as, the singular number; -- opposed to dual and plural.

6. Standing by itself; out of the ordinary course; unusual; uncommon; strange; as, a singular phenomenon.

So singular a sadness Must have a cause as strange as the effect. Denham.

7. Distinguished as existing in a very high degree; rarely equaled; eminent; extraordinary; exceptional; as, a man of singular gravity or attainments.

8. Departing from general usage or expectations; odd; whimsical; -- often implying disapproval or consure.

His zeal None seconded, as out of season judged, Or singular and rash. Milton.
To be singular in anything that is wise and worthy, is not a disparagement, but a praise. Tillotson.

9. Being alone; belonging to, or being, that of which there is but one; unique.

These busts of the emperors and empresses are all very scarce, and some of them almost singular in their kind. Addison.
Singular point in a curve (Math.), a point at which the curve possesses some peculiar properties not possessed by other points of the curve, as a cusp point, or a multiple point. -- Singular proposition (Logic), a proposition having as its subject a singular term, or a common term limited to an individual by means of a singular sign. Whately. -- Singular succession (Civil Law), division among individual successors, as distinguished from universal succession, by which an estate descended in intestacy to the heirs in mass. -- Singular term (Logic), a term which represents or stands for a single individual. Syn. -- Unexampled; unprecedented; eminent; extraordinary; remarkable; uncommon; rare; unusual; peculiar; strange; odd; eccentric; fantastic.

Singular

Sin"gu*lar, n.

1. An individual instance; a particular. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Gram) The singular number, or the number denoting one person or thing; a word in the singular number.

Singularist

Sin"gu*lar*ist (?), n. One who affects singularity. [Obs.]
A clownish singularist, or nonconformist to ordinary usage. Borrow.

Singularity

Sin`gu*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Singularities (#). [L. singularitas: cf. F. singularit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being singular; some character or quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from all, or from most, others; peculiarity.

Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the very falling down of the seeds yieldeth corn. Sir. W. Raleigh.
I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the instrument. Addison.

2. Anything singular, rare, or curious.

Your gallery Have we passed through, not without much content In many singularities. Shak.

3. Possession of a particular or exclusive privilege, prerogative, or distinction.

No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of singularity [universal bishop]. Hooker.
Catholicism . . . must be understood in opposition to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation. Bp. Pearson.

4. Celibacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Singularize

Sin"gu*lar*ize (?), v. t. To make singular or single; to distinguish. [R.]

Singularly

Sin"gu*lar*ly, adv.

1. In a singular manner; in a manner, or to a degree, not common to others; extraordinarily; as, to be singularly exact in one's statements; singularly considerate of others. "Singularly handsome." Milman.

2. Strangely; oddly; as, to behave singularly.

3. So as to express one, or the singular number.

Singult

Sin"gult (?), n.[L. singultus.] A sigh or sobbing; also, a hiccough. [Obs.] Spenser. W. Browne.

Singultous

Sin*gul"tous (?), a. (Med.) Relating to, or affected with, hiccough. Dunglison.

Singultus

Sin*gul"tus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Hiccough.

Sinical

Sin"i*cal (?), a. [From Sine.] (Trig.) Of or pertaining to a sine; employing, or founded upon, sines; as, a sinical quadrant.

Sinigrin

Sin"i*grin (?), n. [From NL. Sinapis nigra.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra, formerly Sinapis nigra) It resembles sinalbin, and consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid.

Sinister

Sin"is*ter (?), a. [Accented on the middle syllable by the older poets, as Shakespeare, Milton, Dryden.] [L. sinister: cf. F. sinistre.]

1. On the left hand, or the side of the left hand; left; -- opposed to dexter, or right. "Here on his sinister cheek." Shak.

My mother's blood Runs on the dexter cheek, and this sinister Bounds in my father's Shak.
&hand; In heraldy the sinister side of an escutcheon is the side which would be on the left of the bearer of the shield, and opposite the right hand of the beholder.

2. Unlucky; inauspicious; disastrous; injurious; evil; -- the left being usually regarded as the unlucky side; as, sinister influences.

All the several ills that visit earth, Brought forth by night, with a sinister birth. B. Jonson.

3. Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity; perverse; dishonest; corrupt; as, sinister aims.

Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts. Bacon.
He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts. South.
He read in their looks . . . sinister intentions directed particularly toward himself. Sir W. Scott.

4. Indicative of lurking evil or harm; boding covert danger; as, a sinister countenance. Bar sinister. (Her.) See under Bar, n. -- Sinister aspect (Astrol.), an appearance of two planets happening according to the succession of the signs, as Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini. -- Sinister base, Sinister chief. See under Escutcheon.

Sinister-handed

Sin"is*ter-hand"ed (?), a. Left-handed; hence, unlucky. [Obs.] Lovelace.

Sinisterly

Sin"is*ter*ly, adv. In a sinister manner. Wood.

Sinistrad

Sin"is*trad (?), adv. [L. sinistra the left hand + ad tp.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Toward the left side; sinistrally.

Sinistral

Sin"is*tral (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to the left, inclining to the left; sinistrous; -- opposed to dextral.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the whorls of the spire revolving or rising to the left; reversed; -- said of certain spiral shells.

Sinistrality

Sin`is*tral"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being sinistral.

Sinistrally

Sin"is*tral*ly (?), adv. Toward the left; in a sinistral manner. J. Le Conte.

Sinistrin

Sin"is*trin (?), n. [L. sinister left.] (Chem.) A mucilaginous carbohydrate, resembling achro\'94dextrin, extracted from squill as a colorless amorphous substance; -- so called because it is levorotatory.

Sinistrorsal

Sin`is*tror"sal (?), a. [L.sinistrorsus, sinistroversus, turned toward the left side; sinister left + vertere, vortere, versum, vorsum, to turn.] Rising spirally from right to left (of the spectator); sinistrorse.

Sinistrorse

Sin"is*trorse` (?), a. [See Sinistrolsal.] Turning to the left (of the spectator) in the ascending line; -- the opposite of dextrorse. See Dextrorse.

Sinistrous

Sin"is*trous (?), a. [See Sinister.]

1. Being on the left side; inclined to the left; sinistral. "Sinistrous gravity." Sir T. Browne.

Page 1345

2. Wrong; absurd; perverse.

A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most sinistrous and absurd choice. Bentley.

Sinistrously

Sin"is*trous*ly (?), adv.

1. In a sinistrous manner; perversely; wrongly; unluckily.

2. With a tendency to use the left hand.

Many, in their infancy, are sinistrously disposed, and divers continue all their life left-handed. Sir T. Browne.

Sink

Sink (?), v. i. [imp. Sunk (?), or (Sank (); p. p. Sunk (obs. Sunken, -- now used as adj.); p. pr. & vb. n. Sinking.] [OE. sinken, AS. sincan; akin to D. zinken, OS. sincan, G. sinken, Icel. s\'94kkva, Dan. synke, Sw. sjunka, Goth. siggan, and probably to E. silt. Cf. Silt.]

1. To fall by, or as by, the force of gravity; to descend lower and lower; to decline gradually; to subside; as, a stone sinks in water; waves rise and sink; the sun sinks in the west.

I sink in deep mire. Ps. lxix. 2.

2. To enter deeply; to fall or retire beneath or below the surface; to penetrate.

The stone sunk into his forehead. 1 San. xvii. 49.

3. Hence, to enter so as to make an abiding impression; to enter completely.

Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke ix. 44.

4. To be overwhelmed or depressed; to fall slowly, as so the ground, from weakness or from an overburden; to fail in strength; to decline; to decay; to decrease.

I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak.
He sunk down in his chariot. 2 Kings ix. 24.
Let not the fire sink or slacken. Mortimer.

5. To decrease in volume, as a river; to subside; to become diminished in volume or in apparent height.

The Alps and Pyreneans sink before him. Addison.
Syn. -- To fall; subside; drop; droop; lower; decline; decay; decrease; lessen.

Sink

Sink, v. t.

1. To cause to sink; to put under water; to immerse or submerge in a fluid; as, to sink a ship.

[The Athenians] fell upon the wings and sank a single ship. Jowett (Thucyd.).

2. Figuratively: To cause to decline; to depress; to degrade; hence, to ruin irretrievably; to destroy, as by drowping; as, to sink one's reputation.

I raise of sink, imprison or set free. Prior.
If I have a conscience, let it sink me. Shak.
Thy cruel and unnatural lust of power Has sunk thy father more than all his years. Rowe.

3. To make (a depression) by digging, delving, or cutting, etc.; as, to sink a pit or a well; to sink a die.

4. To bring low; to reduce in quantity; to waste.

You sunk the river repeated draughts. Addison.

5. To conseal and appropriate. [Slang]

If sent with ready money to buy anything, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. Swift.

6. To keep out of sight; to suppress; to ignore.

A courtly willingness to sink obnoxious truths. Robertson.

7. To reduce or extinguish by payment; as, to sink the national debt.

Sink

Sink, n.

1. A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes.

2. A shallow box or vessel of wood, stone, iron, or other material, connected with a drain, and used for receiving filthy water, etc., as in a kitchen.

3. A hole or low place in land or rock, where waters sink and are lost; -- called also sink hole. [U. S.] Sink hole. (a) The opening to a sink drain. (b) A cesspool. (c) Same as Sink, n., 3.

Sinker

Sink"er (?), n. One who, or that which, sinks. Specifically: (a) A weight on something, as on a fish line, to sink it. (b) In knitting machines, one of the thin plates, blades, or other devices, that depress the loops upon or between the needles. Dividing sinker, in knitting machines, a sinker between two jack sinkers and acting alternately with them. -- Jack sinker. See under Jack, n. -- Sinker bar. (a) In knitting machines, a bar to which one set of the sinkers is attached. (b) In deep well boring, a heavy bar forming a connection between the lifting rope and the boring tools, above the jars.

Sinking

Sink"ing, a & n. from Sink. Sinking fund. See under Fund. -- Sinking head (Founding), a riser from which the mold is fed as the casting shrinks. See Riser, n., 4. -- Sinking pump, a pump which can be lowered in a well or a mine shaft as the level of the water sinks.

Sinless

Sin"less (?), a. Free from sin. Piers Plowman. -- Sin"less*ly, adv. -- Sin"less*ness, n.

Sinner

Sin"ner (?), n. One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.

Sinner

Sin"ner, v. i. To act as a sinner. [Humorous]
Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Pope.

Sinneress

Sin"ner*ess, n. A woman who sins. [Obs.]

Sinnet

Sin"net (?), n. See Sennit .

Sinological

Sin`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [See Sinilogue.] Relating to the Chinese language or literature.

Sinologist

Si*nol"o*gist (?), n. A sinilogue.

Sinologue

Sin"o*logue (?), n. [From L. Sinae, an Oriental people mentioned by Ptolemy, or Ar. Sin China or the Chinese + Gr. theologue: cf. F. sinologue.] A student of Chinese; one versed in the Chinese language, literature, and history.

Sinology

Si*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. sinologie.] That branch of systemized knowledge which treats of the Chinese, their language, literature, etc.

Sinoper

Sin"o*per (?), n. (Min.) Sinople.

Sinopia, Sinopis

Si*no"pi*a (?), Si*no"pis (?), n. A red pigment made from sinopite.

Sinopite

Sin"o*pite (?), n. [F., fr. L. sinopis (sc. terra), a red earth or ocher found in Sinope, a town in Paphlagoma, on the Black Sea, Gr. (Min.) A brickred ferruginous clay used by the ancients for red paint.

Sinople

Sin"o*ple (?), n. (Min.) Ferruginous quartz, of a blood-red or brownish red color, sometimes with a tinge of yellow.

Sinople

Sin"o*ple, n. [F., fr. LL. sinopis. See Sinople a mineral.] (Her.) The tincture vert; green.

Sinque

Sinque (?), n. See Cinque. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

Sinsring

Sins"ring (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Banxring.

Sinter

Sin"ter (?), n. [G. Cf. Cinder.] (Min.) Dross, as of iron; the scale which files from iron when hammered; -- applied as a name to various minerals. Calcareous sinter, a loose banded variety of calcite formed by deposition from lime-bearing waters; calcareous tufa; travertine. -- Ceraunian sinter, fulgurite. -- Siliceous sinter, a light cellular or fibrous opal; especially, geyserite (see Geyserite). It has often a pearly luster, and is then called pearl sinter.

Sinto, ∨ Sintu, Sintoism, Sintoist

Sin"to (?), ∨ Sin"tu (?), Sin"to*ism (?), Sin"to*ist. See Shinto, etc.

Sintoc

Sin"toc (?), n. A kind of spice used in the East Indies, consisting of the bark of a species of Cinnamomum. [Written also sindoc.]

Siniate

Sin"i*ate (?), a. [L. sinuatus, p. p. of sinuare to wind, bend, fr. sinus a bend.] Having the margin alternately curved inward and outward; having rounded lobes separated by rounded sinuses; sinuous; wavy.

Sinuate

Sin"u*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sinuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sinuating.] To bend or curve in and out; to wind; to turn; to be sinusous. Woodward.

Sinuated

Sin"u*a`ted (\'3e), a. Same as Sinuate.

Sinuation

Sin`u*a"tion (?), n. [L. sinuatio.] A winding or bending in and out.

Sinuose

Sin"u*ose` (?), a. Sinuous. Loudon.

Sinuosity

Sin`u*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Sinuosities (#). [Cf. F. sinuosit\'82.]

1. Quality or state of being sinuous.

2. A bend, or a series of bends and turns; a winding, or a series of windings; a wave line; a curve.

A line of coast certainly amounting, with its sinuosities, to more than 700 miles. Sydney Smith.

Sinuous

Sin"u*ous (?), a. [L. sinuosus, fr. sinus a bent surface, a curve: cf. F. sinueux. See Sinus.] Bending in and out; of a serpentine or undulating form; winding; crooked. -- Sin"u*ous*ly, adv.
Streaking the ground with sinuous trace. Milton.
Gardens bright with sinuous rills. Coleridge.

Sinupalliate

Si`nu*pal"li*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a pallial sinus. See under Sinus.

Sinus

Si"nus (?), n.; pl. L. Sinus, E. Sinuses (#). [L., a bent surface, a curve, the folds or bosom of a garment, etc., a bay. Cf. Sine, n.]

1. An opening; a hollow; a bending.

2. A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.

3. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) A cavity; a depression. Specifically: (a) A cavity in a bone or other part, either closed or with a narrow opening. (b) A dilated vessel or canal.

4. (Med.) A narrow, elongated cavity, in which pus is collected; an elongated abscess with only a small orifice.

5. (Bot.) A depression between adjoining lobes. &hand; A sinus may be rounded, as in the leaf of the white oak, or acute, as in that of the red maple. Pallial sinus. (Zo\'94l.) See under Pallial. -- Sinus venosus (?). [L., venous dilatation.] (Anat.) (a) The main part of the cavity of the right auricle of the heart in the higher vertebrates. (b) In the lower vertebrates, a distinct chamber of the heart formed by the union of the large systematic veins and opening into the auricle.

Sinusoid

Si"nus*oid (?), n. [Sinus + -oid.] (Geom.) The curve whose ordinates are proportional to the sines of the abscissas, the equation of the curve being y = a sin x. It is also called the curve of sines.<-- pref. sine curve -->

Sinusoidal

Si`nus*oid"al (?), a. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a sinusoid; like a sinusoid.

Siogoon

Sio"goon (?), n. See Shogun.

Siogoonate

Sio*goon"ate (?), n. See Shogunate.

Sioux

Sioux (?), n. sing. & pl. (Ethnol.) See Dakotas.

Sip

Sip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sipping.] [OE. sippen; akin to OD. sippen, and AS. s to sip, suck up, drink. See Sup, v. t.]

1. To drink or imbibe in small quantities; especially, to take in with the lips in small quantities, as a liquid; as, to sip tea. "Every herb that sips the dew." Milton.

2. To draw into the mouth; to suck up; as, a bee sips nectar from the flowers.

3. To taste the liquor of; to drink out of. [Poetic]

They skim the floods, and sip the purple flowers. Dryden.

Sip

Sip, v. i. To drink a small quantity; to take a fluid with the lips; to take a sip or sips of something.
[She] raised it to her mouth with sober grace; Then, sipping, offered to the next in place. Dryden.

Sip

Sip, n.

1. The act of sipping; the taking of a liquid with the lips.

2. A small draught taken with the lips; a slight taste.

One sip of this Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight Beyond the bliss of dreams. Milton.
A sip is all that the public ever care to take from reservoirs of abstract philosophy. De Quincey.

Sipage

Sip"age (?), n. See Seepage. [Scot. & U.S.]

Sip

Sip (?), v. i. See Seep. [Scot. & U.S.]

Siphilis

Siph"i*lis (?), n. (Med.) Syphilis.

Siphoid

Si"phoid (?), n. [L. sipho a siphon + -oid: cf. F. vase sipho\'8bde.] A siphon bottle. See under Siphon, n.

Siphon

Si"phon (?), n. [F. siphon, L. sipho, -onis, fr. Gr.

1. A device, consisting of a pipe or tube bent so as to form two branches or legs of unequal length, by which a liquid can be transferred to a lower level, as from one vessel to another, over an intermediate elevation, by the action of the pressure of the atmosphere in forcing the liquid up the shorter branch of the pipe immersed in it, while the continued excess of weight of the liquid in the longer branch (when once filled) causes a continuous flow. The flow takes place only when the discharging extremity of the pipe ia lower than the higher liquid surface, and when no part of the pipe is higher above the surface than the same liquid will rise by atmospheric pressure; that is, about 33 feet for water, and 30 inches for mercury, near the sea level.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the tubes or folds of the mantle border of a bivalve or gastropod mollusk by which water is conducted into the gill cavity. See Illust. under Mya, and Lamellibranchiata. (b) The anterior prolongation of the margin of any gastropod shell for the protection of the soft siphon. (c) The tubular organ through which water is ejected from the gill cavity of a cephaloid. It serves as a locomotive organ, by guiding and confining the jet of water. Called also siphuncle. See Illust. under Loligo, and Dibranchiata. (d) The siphuncle of a cephalopod shell. (e) The sucking proboscis of certain parasitic insects and crustaceans. (f) A sproutlike prolongation in front of the mouth of many gephyreans. (g) A tubular organ connected both with the esophagus and the intestine of certain sea urchins and annelids.

3. A siphon bottle. Inverted siphon, a tube bent like a siphon, but having the branches turned upward; specifically (Hydraulic Engineering), a pipe for conducting water beneath a depressed place, as from one hill to another across an intervening valley, following the depression of the ground. -- Siphon barometer. See under Barometer. -- Siphon bottle, a bottle for holding a\'89rated water, which is driven out through a bent tube in the neck by the gas within the bottle when a valve in the tube is opened; -- called also gazogene, and siphoid.<-- seltzer bottle? --> -- Siphon condenser, a condenser for a steam engine, in which the vacuum is maintained by the downward flow of water through a vertical pipe of great height. -- Siphon cup, a cup with a siphon attached for carrying off any liquid in it; specifically (Mach.), an oil cup in which oil is carried over the edge of a tube in a cotton wick, and so reaches the surface to be lubricated. -- Siphon gauge. See under Gauge. -- Siphon pump, a jet pump. See under Jet, n.

Siphon

Si"phon (?), v. t. (Chem.) To convey, or draw off, by means of a siphon, as a liquid from one vessel to another at a lower level.

Siphonage

Si"phon*age (?), n. The action of a siphon.

Siphonal

Si"phon*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a siphon; resembling a siphon. Siphonal stomach (Zo\'94l.), a stomach which is tubular and bent back upon itself, like a siphon, as in the salmon.

Siphonarid

Si`pho*na"rid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of limpet-shaped pulmonate gastropods of the genus Siphonaria. They cling to rocks between high and low water marks and have both lunglike organs and gills. -- Si`pho*na"rid, a.

Siphonata

Si`pho*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of bivalve mollusks in which the posterior mantle border is prolonged into two tubes or siphons. Called also Siphoniata. See Siphon, 2 (a), and Quahaug.

Siphonate

Si"phon*ate (?), a.

1. Having a siphon or siphons.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Siphonata.

Siphonet

Si"phon*et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the two dorsal tubular organs on the hinder part of the abdomen of aphids. They give exit to the honeydew. See Illust. under Aphis.

Siphonia

Si*pho"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A former name for a euphorbiaceous genus (Hevea) of South American trees, the principal source of caoutchouc.

Siphoniata

Si*pho`ni*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Siphonata.

Siphonic

Si*phon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a siphon.

Siphonifer

Si*phon"i*fer (?), n. [NL., fr. L. sipho, -onis, siphon + ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Any cephalopod having a siphonate shell.

Siphoniferous

Si"phon*if"er*ous (?), a. [Siphon + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Siphon-bearing, as the shell of the nautilus and other cephalopods.

Siphonium

Si*pho"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Siphonia (#). [NL., from Gr. Siphon.] (Anat.) A bony tube which, in some birds, connects the tympanium with the air chambers of the articular piece of the mandible.

Siphonobranchiata

Si`pho*no*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Siphon, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of gastropods having the mantle border, on one or both sides, prolonged in the form of a spout through which water enters the gill cavity. The shell itself is not always siphonostomatous in this group.
Page 1346

Siphonobranchiate

Si`pho*no*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a siphon, or siphons, to convey water to the gills; belonging or pertaining to the Siphonobranchiata. -- n. One of the Siphonobranchiata.

Siphonoglyphe

Si`pho*nog"ly*phe (?), n. [Siphon + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A gonidium.

Siphonophora

Si`pho*noph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of pelagic Hydrozoa including species which form complex free-swimming communities composed of numerous zooids of various kinds, some of which act as floats or as swimming organs, others as feeding or nutritive zooids, and others as reproductive zooids. See Illust. under Physallia, and Porpita.

Siphonophoran

Si`pho*noph"o*ran (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Siphonophora. -- n. One of the Siphonophora.

Siphonophore

Si*phon"o*phore (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Siphonophora.

Siphonopoda

Si`pho*nop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Siphon, and -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Scaphopoda including those in which the foot terminates in a circular disk.

Siphonostomata

Si`pho*no*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Siphon, and Stoma.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A tribe of parasitic copepod Crustacea including a large number of species that are parasites of fishes, as the lerneans. They have a mouth adapted to suck blood. (b) An artificial division of gastropods including those that have siphonostomatous shells.

Siphonostomatous

Si`pho*no*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the front edge of the aperture of the shell prolonged in the shape of a channel for the protection of the siphon; -- said of certain gastropods. (b) Pertaining to the Siphonostomata.

Siphonostome

Si`pho*nos"tome (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any parasitic entomostracan of the tribe Siphonostomata. (b) A siphonostomatous shell.

Siphorhinal

Si`pho*rhi"nal (?), a. [Siphon + rhinal.] (Zo\'94l.) Having tubular nostrils, as the petrels.

Siphorhinian

Si`pho*rhin"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A siphorhinal bird.

Siphuncle

Si"phun`cle (?), n. [L. siphunculus, sipunculus, dim. of sipho. See Siphon.] (Zo\'94l.) The tube which runs through the partitions of chambered cephalopod shells.

Siphuncled

Si"phun`cled (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a siphuncle; siphunculated.

Siphuncular

Si*phun"cu*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the siphuncle.

Siphunculated

Si*phun"cu*la`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a siphuncle. Huxley.

Sipid

Sip"id (?), a. [See Insipid, Sapid.] Having a taste or flavorl savory; sapid. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Sipper

Sip"per (?), n. One whi sips.

Sippet

Sip"pet (?), n. [See Sip, Sop.] A small sop; a small, thin piece of toasted bread soaked in milk, broth, or the like; a small piece of toasted or fried bread cut into some special shape and used for garnishing.
Your sweet sippets in widows' houses. Milton.

Sipple

Sip"ple (?), v. i. [Freq. of sip.] To sip often. [Obs. or Scot.]

Sippling

Sip"pling (?), a. Sipping often. [Obs.] "Taken after a sippling sort." Holland.

Sipunculacea

Si*pun`cu*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Sipunculus, the typical genus. See Siphuncle.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Gephyrea, including those which have the body unarmed and the intestine opening anteriorly.

Sipunculoid

Si*pun"cu*loid (?), a. [NL. Sipunculus, the typical genus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Sipunculoidea. -- n. One of the Sipunculoidea.

Sipunculoidea

Si*pun`cu*loi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Same as Gephyrea. (b) In a restricted sense, same as Sipunculacea.

Si quis

Si` quis" (?). [L., if any one (the first words of the notice in Latin).] (Ch. of Eng.) A notification by a candidate for orders of his intention to inquire whether any impediment may be alleged against him.

Sir

Sir (?), n. [OE. sire, F. sire, contr. from the nominative L. senior an elder, elderly person, compar. of senex,senis, an aged person; akin to Gr. sana, Goth. sineigs old, sinista eldest, Ir. & Gael. sean old, W. hen. Cf. Seignior, Senate, Seneschal, Senior, Senor, Signor, Sire, Sirrah.]

1. A man of social authority and dignity; a lord; a master; a gentleman; -- in this sense usually spelled sire. [Obs.]

He was crowned lord and sire. Gower.
In the election of a sir so rare. Shak.

2. A title prefixed to the Christian name of a knight or a baronet.

Sir Horace Vere, his brother, was the principal in the active part. Bacon.

3. An English rendering of the LAtin Dominus, the academical title of a bachelor of arts; -- formerly colloquially, and sometimes contemptuously, applied to the clergy. Nares.

Instead of a faithful and painful teacher, they hire a Sir John, which hath better skill in playing at tables, or in keeping of a garden, than in God's word. Latimer.

4. A respectful title, used in addressing a man, without being prefixed to his name; -- used especially in speaking to elders or superiors; sometimes, also, used in the way of emphatic formality. "What's that to you, sir?" Sheridan. &hand; Anciently, this title, was often used when a person was addressed as a man holding a certain office, or following a certain business. "Sir man of law." "Sir parish priest." Chaucer. Sir reverance. See under Reverence, n.

Siraskier

Si*ras"kier (?), n. See Seraskier.

Siraskierate

Si*ras"kier*ate (?), n. See Seraskierate.

Sirbonian

Sir*bo"ni*an (?), a. See Serbonian.

Sircar

Sir*car" (?), n. [Hind. & Per. sark\'ber a superintendant, overseer, chief; Per. sar the head + k\'ber action, work.]

1. A Hindoo clerk or accountant. [India]

2. A district or province; a circar. [India]

3. The government; the supreme authority of the state. [India]

Sirdar

Sir*dar" (?), n [Hind. & Per. sard\'ber a chief, general; sar the head, top + d\'ber holding, possessing.] A native chief in Hindostan; a headman. Malcom.

Sire

Sire (?), n. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]

1. A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [Obs.]

Pain and distress, sickness and ire, And melancholy that angry sire, Be of her palace senators. Rom. of R.

2. A tittle of respect formerly used in speaking to elders and superiors, but now only in addressing a sovereign.

3. A father; the head of a family; the husband.

Jankin thet was our sire [i.e., husband]. Chaucer.
And raise his issue, like a loving sire. Shak.

4. A creator; a maker; an author; an originator.

[He] was the sire of an immortal strain. Shelley.

5. The male parent of a beast; -- applied especially to horses; as, the horse had a good sire. &hand; Sire is often used in composition; as in grandsire, grandfather; great-grandsire, great-grandfather.

Sire

Sire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Siring.] To beget; to procreate; -- used of beasts, and especially of stallions.

Siredon

Si*re"don (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The larval form of any salamander while it still has external gills; especially, one of those which, like the axolotl (Amblystoma Mexicanum), sometimes lay eggs while in this larval state, but which under more favorable conditions lose their gills and become normal salamanders. See also Axolotl.

Siren

Si"ren (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. sir\'8ane.]

1. (Class. Myth.) One of three sea nymphs, -- or, according to some writers, of two, -- said to frequent an island near the coast of Italy, and to sing with such sweetness that they lured mariners to destruction.

Next where the sirens dwell you plow the seas; Their song is death, and makes destruction please. Pope.

2. An enticing, dangerous woman. Shak.

3. Something which is insidious or deceptive.

Consumption is a siren. W. Irving.

4. A mermaid. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Zo\'94l.) Any long, slender amphibian of the genus Siren or family Sirenid\'91, destitute of hind legs and pelvis, and having permanent external gills as well as lungs. They inhabit the swamps, lagoons, and ditches of the Southern United States. The more common species (Siren lacertina) is dull lead-gray in color, and becames two feet long.

6. [F. sir\'8ane, properly, a siren in sense 1.] (Acoustics) An instrument for producing musical tones and for ascertaining the number of sound waves or vibrations per second which produce a note of a given pitch. The sounds are produced by a perforated rotating disk or disks. A form with two disks operated by steam or highly compressed air is used sounding an alarm to vessels in fog. [Written also sirene, and syren.]

Siren

Si"ren, a. Of or pertaining to a siren; bewitching, like a siren; fascinating; alluring; as, a siren song.

Sirene

Si*rene" (?), n. See Siren, 6.

Sirenia

Si*re"ni*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.)An order of large aquatic herbivorous mammals, including the manatee, dugong, rytina, and several fossil genera. &hand; The hind limbs are either rudimentary or wanting, and the front ones are changed to paddles. They have horny plates on the front part of the jaws, and usually flat-crowned molar teeth. The stomach is complex and the intestine long, as in other herbivorous mammals. See Cetacea (b).

Sirenian

Si*re"ni*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Sirenia.

Sirenical

Si*ren"ic*al (?), a. Like, or appropriate to, a siren; fascinating; deceptive.
Here's couple of sirenical rascals shall enchant ye. Marton.

Sirenize

Si"ren*ize (?), v. i. To use the enticements of a siren; to act as a siren; to fascinate.

Siriasis

Si*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) A sunstroke. (b) The act of exposing to a sun bath. [Obs.] Cf. Insolation.

Sirius

Sir"i*us (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.) The Dog Star. See Dog Star.

Sirkeer

Sir"keer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Asiatic cuckoos of the genus Taccocua, as the Bengal sirkeer (T. sirkee).

Sirloin

Sir"loin` (?), n. [A corruption of surloin. Not so called because this cut of beaf was once jocosely knighted (dubbed Sir Loin) by an English king, as according to a popular story.] A loin of beef, or a part of a loin. [Written also surloin.]

Sirname

Sir"name` (?), n. See Surname.

Siroc

Si"roc (?), n. See Sirocco. [Poetic] Emerson.

Sirocco

Si*roc"co (?), n.; pl. Siroccos(?). [It. sirocco, scirocco, Ar. shorug, fr. sharq the rising of the sun, the east, fr, sharaca to rise as the sun. Cf. Saracen.] An oppressive, relaxing wind from the Libyan deserts, chiefly experienced in Italy, Malta, and Sicily.

Sirrah

Sir"rah (?), n. [Probably from Icel. s\'c6ra, fr. F. sire. See Sir.] A term of address implying inferiority and used in anger, contempt, reproach, or disrespectful familiarity, addressed to a man or boy, but sometimes to a woman. In sililoquies often preceded by ah. Not used in the plural. "Ah, sirrah mistress." <-- archaic --> Beau & Fl.
Go, sirrah, to my cell. Shak.

Sirt

Sirt (?), n. [See Syrt.] A quicksand. [Obs.]

Sirup Syrup

Sir"up (?) Syr"up, n. [F. sirop (cf. It. siroppo, Sp. jarabe, jarope, LL. siruppus, syrupus), fr. Ar. shar\'beb a drink, wine, coffee, sirup. Cf. Sherbet.]

1. A thick and viscid liquid made from the juice of fruits, herbs, etc., boiled with sugar.

2. A thick and viscid saccharine solution of superior quality (as sugarhouse sirup or molasses, maple sirup); specifically, in pharmacy and often in cookery, a saturated solution of sugar and water (simple sirup), or such a solution flavored or medicated.

Lucent sirups tinct with cinnamon. Keats.
Mixing sirup. See the Note under Dextrose.

Siruped, Syruped

Sir"uped (?), Syr"uped, a. Moistened, covered, or sweetened with sirup, or sweet juice.

Sirupy, Syrupy

Sir"up*y (?), Syr"up*y, a. Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities. Mortimer.

Sirvente

Sir`vente" (?), n. [F. sirvente, fr. Pr. sirventes, sirventesc, originally, the poem of, or concerning, a sirvent, fr. sirvent, properly, serving, n., one who serves (e. g., as a soldier), fr. servir to serve, L. servire.] A peculiar species of poetry, for the most part devoted to moral and religious topics, and commonly satirical, -- often used by the troubadours of the Middle Ages.

Sis

Sis (?), n. A colloquial abbreviation of Sister.

Sis

Sis (?), n. Six. See Sise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sisal grass, Sisal hemp

Si*sal" grass` (?), Si*sal" hemp` (?),The prepared fiber of the Agave Americana, or American aloe, used for cordage; -- so called from Sisal, a port in Yucatan. See Sisal hemp, under Hemp.

Siscowet

Sis"co*wet (?), n. [OF American Indian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, fat variety of the namaycusa found in Lake Superior; -- called also siskawet, siskiwit.

Sise

Sise (?), n. [From Assize.] An assize. [Obs.]

Sise

Sise (?), n. [See Sice.] Six; the highest number on a die; the cast of six in throwing dice.
In the new casting of a die, when ace is on the top, sise must needs be at the bottom. Fuller.

Sisel

Sis"el (?), n. [Cf. G. ziesel. Cf. Zizel.] (Zo\'94l.) The suslik.

Siser

Si"ser (?), n. Cider. See Sicer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Siserara, Siserary

Sis"e*ra*ra (?), Sis"e*ra*ry (?), n. A hard blow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Siskin

Sis"kin (?), n. [Dan. sisgen; cf. Sw. siska, G. zeisig, D. sijsje; of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. czy.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small green and yellow European finch (Spinus spinus, or Carduelis spinus); -- called also aberdevine. (b) The American pinefinch (S. pinus); -- called also pine siskin. See Pinefinch. &hand; The name is applied also to several other related species found in Asia and South America. Siskin green, a delicate shade of yellowish green, as in the mineral torbernite.

Siskiwit

Sis"ki*wit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The siscowet.

Sismograph

Sis"mo*graph (?), n. See Seismograph.

Sismometer

Sis*mom"e*ter (?), n. See Seismometer.

Siss

Siss (?), v. i. [Of imitative origin; cf. D. sissen, G. zischen.] To make a hissing sound; as, a flatiron hot enough to siss when touched with a wet finger. [Colloq. U. S.; Local, Eng.]

Siss

Siss, n. A hissing noise. [Colloq. U. S.]

Sissoo

Sis*soo" (?), n. [Hind. s\'c6s.] (Bot.) A leguminous tree (Dalbergia Sissoo) of the northern parts of India; also, the dark brown compact and durable timber obtained from it. It is used in shipbuilding and for gun carriages, railway ties, etc.

Sist

Sist (?), v. t. [L. sistere to bring to a stand, to stop.]

1. (Scots Law) To stay, as judicial proceedings; to delay or suspend; to stop.

2. To cause to take a place, as at the bar of a court; hence, to cite; to summon; to bring into court. [Scot.]

Some, however, have preposterously sisted nature as the first or generative principle. Sir W. Hamilton.
Page 1347

Sist

Sist (?), n. (Scots Law) A stay or suspension of proceedings; an order for a stay of proceedings. Burril.

Sister

Sis"ter (?), n. [OE. sister, fr. Icel. systir; also suster, from AS. sweostor, sweoster, swuster, akin to OFries. sweester, suster, LG. s\'81ster, suster, D. zuster, OS. & OHG. swestar, G. schwester, Icel. systir, Sw. syster, Dan. s\'94ster, Goth. swistar, Lith. ses, Russ. sestra, Pol. siostra, L. soror, Skr. svasr. &root;298. Cf. Cousin.]

1. A female who has the same parents with another person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case, she is more definitely called a half sister. The correlative of brother.

I am the sister of one Claudio. Shak.

2. A woman who is closely allied to, or assocciated with, another person, as in the sdame faith, society, order, or community. James ii. 15.

3. One of the same kind, or of the same condition; -- generally used adjectively; as, sister fruits. Pope. Sister Block (Naut.), a tackle block having two sheaves, one above the other. -- Sister hooks, a pair of hooks fitted together, the shank of one forming a mousing for the other; -- called also match hook. -- Sister of charity, Sister of mercy. (R. C. Ch.) See under Charity, and Mercy.

Sister

Sis"ter, v. t. To be sister to; to resemble closely. [Obs.] Shak.

Sisterhood

Sis"ter*hood (?), n. [Sister + hood.]

1. The state or relation of being a sister; the office or duty of a sister.

She . . . abhorr'd Her proper blood, and left to do the part Of sisterhood, to do that of a wife. Daniel.

2. A society of sisters; a society of women united in one faith or order; sisters, collectively. "A sisterhood of holy nuns." Shak.

The fair young flowers . . . a beauteous sisterhood. Bryant.

Sistering

Sis"ter*ing, a. Contiguous. [Obs.] Shak.

Sister-in-law

Sis"ter-in-law` (?), n; pl. Sisters-in-law( The sister of one's husband or wife; also, the wife of one's brother; sometimes, the wife of one's husband's or wife's brother.

Sisterly

Sis"ter*ly, a. Like a sister; becoming a sister, affectionate; as, sisterly kindness; sisterly remorse. Shak.

Sistine

Sis"tine (?), a.[It. sistino.] Of or pertaining to Pope Sixtus. Sistine chapel, a chapel in the Vatican at Rome, built by Pope Sixtus IV., and decorated with frescoes by Michael Angelo and others.

Sistren

Sis"tren (?), n. pl. Sisters. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sistrum

Sis"trum (?), [L., fr. Gr. (Mus.) An instrument consisting of a thin metal frame, through which passed a number of metal rods, and furnished with a handle by which it was shaken and made to rattle. It was peculiarly Egyptian, and used especially in the worship of Isis. It is still used in Nubia.

Sisyphean

Sis`y*phe"an (?), a. Relating to Sisyphus; incessantly recurring; as, Sisyphean labors.

Sisyphus

Sis"y*phus (?), n. [L. Sisyphus, Sisyphus, fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) A king of Corinth, son of \'92olus, famed for his cunning. He was killed by Theseus, and in the lower world was condemned by Pluto to roll to the top of a hill a huge stone, which constantly rolled back again, making his task incessant.

Sit

Sit (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Sit, for sitteth.

Sit

Sit, v. i. [imp. Sat (?) (Sate (?), archaic); p. p. Sat (Sitten (?), obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Sitting.] [OE. sitten, AS. sittan; akin to OS. sittian, OFries. sitta, D. zitten, G. sitzen, OHG. sizzen, Icel. sitja, SW. sitta, Dan. sidde, Goth. sitan, Russ. sidiete, L. sedere, Gr. sad. &root;154. Cf. Assess,Assize, Cathedral, Chair, Dissident, Excise, Insidious, Possess, Reside, Sanhedrim, Seance, Seat, n., Sedate, 4th Sell, Siege, Session, Set, v. t., Sizar, Size, Subsidy.]

1. To rest upon the haunches, or the lower extremity of the trunk of the body; -- said of human beings, and sometimes of other animals; as, to sit on a sofa, on a chair, or on the ground.

And he came and took the book put of the right hand of him that sate upon the seat. Bible (1551) (Rev. v. 7.)
I pray you, jest, sir, as you sit at dinner. Shak.

2. To perch; to rest with the feet drawn up, as birds do on a branch, pole, etc.

3. To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to abide; to rest in any position or condition.

And Moses said to . . . the children of Reuben, Shall your brothren go to war, and shall ye sit here? Num. xxxii. 6.
Like a demigod here sit I in the sky. Shak.

4. To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh; -- with on; as, a weight or burden sits lightly upon him.

The calamity sits heavy on us. Jer. Taylor.

5. To be adjusted; to fit; as, a coat sts well or ill.

This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, Sits not so easy on me as you think. Shak.

6. To suit one well or ill, as an act; to become; to befit; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl; to brood; to incubate.

As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii. 11.

8. To have position, as at the point blown from; to hold a relative position; to have direction.

Like a good miller that knows how to grind, which way soever the wind sits. Selden.
Sits the wind in that quarter? Sir W. Scott.

9. To occupy a place or seat as a member of an official body; as, to sit in Congress.

10. To hold a session; to be in session for official business; -- said of legislative assemblies, courts, etc.; as, the court sits in January; the aldermen sit to-night.

11. To take a position for the purpose of having some artistic representation of one's self made, as a picture or a bust; as, to sit to a painter. <-- sit for seems more common now --> To sit at, to rest under; to be subject to. [Obs.] "A farmer can not husband his ground so well if he sit at a great rent". Bacon. -- To sit at meat ∨ at table, to be at table for eating. -- To sit down. (a) To place one's self on a chair or other seat; as, to sit down when tired. (b) To begin a siege; as, the enemy sat down before the town. (c) To settle; to fix a permanent abode. Spenser. (d) To rest; to cease as satisfied. "Here we can not sit down, but still proceed in our search." Rogers. -- To sit for a fellowship, to offer one's self for examination with a view to obtaining a fellowship. [Eng. Univ.] -- To sit out. (a) To be without engagement or employment. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. (b) To outstay. -- To sit under, to be under the instruction or ministrations of; as, to sit under a preacher; to sit under good preaching. -- To sit up, to rise from, or refrain from, a recumbent posture or from sleep; to sit with the body upright; as, to sit up late at night; also, to watch; as, to sit up with a sick person. "He that was dead sat up, and began to speak." Luke vii. 15.

Sit

Sit (?), v. t.

1. To sit upon; to keep one's seat upon; as, he sits a horse well.

Hardly the muse can sit the headstrong horse. Prior.

2. To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture; to furnish a seat to; -- used reflexively.

They sat them down to weep. Milton.
Sit you down, father; rest you. Shak.

3. To suit (well ∨ ill); to become. [Obs. or R.]

Site

Site (?), n. [L. situs, fr. sinere, situm, to let, p. p. situs placed, lying, situate: cf. F. site. Cf. Position.]

1. The place where anything is fixed; situation; local position; as, the site of a city or of a house. Chaucer.

2. A place fitted or chosen for any certain permanent use or occupation; as, a site for a church.

3. The posture or position of a thing. [R.]

The semblance of a lover fixed In melancholy site. Thomson.

Sited

Sit"ed (?), a. Having a site; situated. [Obs.]
[The garden] sited was in fruitful soil. Chaucer.

Sitfast

Sit"fast` (?), a. [Sit + fast.] Fixed; stationary; immovable. [R.]
'T is good, when you have crossed the sea and back, To find the sitfast acres where you left them. Emerson.

Sitfast

Sit"fast`, n. (Far.) A callosity with inflamed edges, on the back of a horse, under the saddle.

Sith

Sith (?), prep., adv., & conj. [See Since.] Since; afterwards; seeing that. [Obs.]
We need not fear them, sith Christ is with us. Latimer.
Sith thou art rightful judge. Chaucer.

Sith, Sithe

Sith (?), Sithe (?), n. [AS. Time. [Obs.] Chaucer.
And humbly thanked him a thousand sithes. Spenser.

Sithe

Sithe (?), v. i. [Cf. Sigh.] To sigh. [A spelling of a corrupt and provincial pronunciation.]

Sithe

Sithe (?), n. A scythe. [Obs.] Milton.

Sithe

Sithe, v. t. To cut with a scythe; to scythe. [Obs.]

Sithed

Sithed (?), a. Scythed. [Obs.] T. Warton.

Sitheman

Sithe"man (?), n. A mower. [Obs.] Marston.

Sithen

Sith"en (?), adv. & conj. [See Since.] Since; afterwards. See 1st Sith. [Obs.]
Fortune was first friend and sithen foe. Chaucer.

Sithence, Sithens

Sith"ence, Sith"ens (?), adv. & conj. Since. See Sith, and Sithen. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Siththen

Sith"then (?), adv. & conj. See Sithen. [Obs.]
Siththen that the world began. Chaucer.

Sitology

Si*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A treatise on the regulation of the diet; dietetics. [Written also sitiology.]

Sitophobia

Si`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A version to food; refusal to take nourishment. [Written also sitiophobia.]

Sitten

Sit"ten (?), obs. p. p. of Sit, for sat.

Sitter

Sit"ter (?), n.

1. One who sits; esp., one who sits for a portrait or a bust.

2. A bird that sits or incubates.

Sittine

Sit"tine (?), a. [NL. sitta the nuthatch, from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family Sittid\'91, or nuthatches.

Sitting

Sit"ting (?), a. Being in the state, or the position, of one who, or that which, sits.

Sitting

Sit"ting, n.

1. The state or act of one who sits; the posture of one who occupies a seat.

2. A seat, or the space occupied by or allotted for a person, in a church, theater, etc.; as, the hall has 800 sittings.

3. The act or time of sitting, as to a portrait painter, photographer, etc.

4. The actual presence or meeting of any body of men in their seats, clothed with authority to transact business; a session; as, a sitting of the judges of the King's Bench, or of a commission.

The sitting closed in great agitation. Macaulay.

5. The time during which one sits while doing something, as reading a book, playing a game, etc.

For the understanding of any one of St. Paul's Epistles I read it all through at one sitting. Locke.

6. A brooding over eggs for hatching, as by fowls.

The male bird . . . amuses her [the female] with his songs during the whole time of her sitting. Addison.
Sitting room, an apartment where the members of a family usually sit, as distinguished from a drawing-room, parlor, chamber, or kitchen.

Situate; 135, Situated

Sit"u*ate (?; 135), Sit"u*a`ted (?), a. [LL. situatus, from situare to place, fr. L. situs situation, site. See Site.]

1. Having a site, situation, or location; being in a relative position; permanently fixed; placed; located; as, a town situated, or situate, on a hill or on the seashore.

2. Placed; residing.

Pleasure situate in hill and dale. Milton.
&hand; Situate is now less used than situated, but both are well authorized.

Situate

Sit"u*ate (?), v. t. To place. [R.] Landor.

Situation

Sit`u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. situatio: cf. F. situation.]

1. Manner in which an object is placed; location, esp. as related to something else; position; locality site; as, a house in a pleasant situation.

2. Position, as regards the conditions and circumstances of the case.

A situation of the greatest ease and tranquillity. Rogers.

3. Relative position; circumstances; temporary state or relation at a moment of action which excites interest, as of persons in a dramatic scene.

There's situation for you! there's an heroic group! Sheridan.

4. Permanent position or employment; place; office; as, a situation in a store; a situation under government. Syn. -- State; position; seat; site; station; post; place; office; condition; case; plight. See State.

Situs

Si"tus (?), n. [L., situation.] (Bot.) The method in which the parts of a plant are arranged; also, the position of the parts. Henslow.

Sitz bath

Sitz" bath` (?). [G. sitzbad.] A tub in which one bathes in a sitting posture; also, a bath so taken; a hip bath.

Siva

Si"va (?), n. [Skr. Civa, properly, kind, gracious.] (Hindoo Myth.) One of the triad of Hindoo gods. He is the avenger or destroyer, and in modern worship symbolizes the reproductive power of nature.

Sivan

Si"van (?), n. [Heb. s\'c6v\'ben.] The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year; -- supposed to correspond nearly with our month of June.

Sivatherium

Siv`a*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., from E. Siva + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of very large extinct ruminants found in the Tertiary formation of India. The snout was prolonged in the form of a proboscis. The male had four horns, the posterior pair being large and branched. It was allied to the antelopes, but very much larger than any exsisting species.

Siver

Siv"er (?), v. i. To simmer. [Obs.] Holland.

Sivvens

Siv"vens (, n. (Med.) See Sibbens.

Siwin

Si"win (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sewen.

Six

Six (?), a. [AS. six, seox, siex; akin to OFries. sex, D. zes, OS. & OHG. sehs, G. sechs, Icel., Sw., & Dan. sex, Goth. sa\'a1hs, Lith. szeszi, Russ. sheste, Gael. & Ir. se, W. chwech, L. sex, Gr. shesh, Skr. shash. &root;304. Cf. Hexagon, Hexameter, Samite, Senary, Sextant, Sice.] One more than five; twice three; as, six yards. Six Nations (Ethnol.), a confederation of North American Indians formed by the union of the Tuscaroras and the Five Nations. -- Six points circle. (Geom.) See Nine points circle, under Nine.

Six

Six, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than five; the sum of three and three; six units or objects.

2. A symbol representing six units, as 6, vi., or VI. To be at six and seven ∨ at sixes and sevens, to be in disorder. Bacon. Shak. Swift.

Sixfold

Six"fold` (?), a. [AS. sixfealand.] Six times repeated; six times as much or as many.

Six-footer

Six"-foot`er (?), n. One who is six feet tall. [Colloq. U.S.]

Sixpence

Six"pence (?), n.; pl. Sixpences (. An English silver coin of the value of six pennies; half a shilling, or about twelve cents.

Sixpenny

Six"pen`ny (?), a. Of the value of, or costing, sixpence; as, a sixpenny loaf.

Sixscore

Six"score` (?), a. & n. [Six + score, n.] Six times twenty; one hundred and twenty.

Six-shooter

Six"-shoot`er (?), n. A pistol or other firearm which can be fired six times without reloading especially, a six-chambered revolver. [Colloq. U.S.]

Sixteen

Six"teen` (?), a. [AS. sixt, sixt. See Six, and Ten, and cf. Sixty.] Six and ten; consisting of six and ten; fifteen and one more.

Sixteen

Six"teen`, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than fifteen; the sum of ten and six; sixteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing sixteen units, as 16, or xvi.

Sixteenmo

Six*teen"mo (?), n.; pl. Sixteenmos (. See Sextodecimo.

Sixteenth

Six"teenth` (?), a. [From Sixteen: cf. AS. sixte\'a2.]

1. Sixth after the tenth; next in order after the fifteenth.

2. Constituting or being one of sixteen equal parts into which anything is divided. Sixteenth note (Mus.), the sixteenth part of a whole note; a semiquaver.

Sixteenth

Six"teenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by sixteen; one of sixteen equal parts of one whole.

2. The next in order after the fifteenth; the sixth after the tenth.

3. (Mus.) An interval comprising two octaves and a second. Moore (Encyc. of Music.)

Sixth

Sixth (?), a. [From Six: cf. AS. sixta, siexta.]

1. First after the fifth; next in order after the fifth.

2. Constituting or being one of six equal parts into which anything is divided.

Page 1348

Sixth

Sixth (?), n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by six; one of six equal parts which form a whole.

2. The next in order after the fifth.

3. (Mus.) The interval embracing six diatonic degrees of the scale.

Sixthly

Sixth"ly, adv. In the sixth place. Bacon.

Sixtieth

Six"ti*eth (?), a. [As. sixtiogo&edh;a, sixtigo&edh;a.]

1. Next in order after the fifty-ninth.

2. Constituting or being one one of sixty equal parts into which anything is divided.

Sixtieth

Six"ti*eth, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by sixty; one of sixty equal parts forming a whole.

2. The next in order after the fifty-ninth; the tenth after the fiftieth.

Sixty

Six"ty (?), a. [AS. siextig; akin to G. sechzig, Goth. sa\'a1hs tigjus. See Six, Ten, and cf. Sixteen.] Six times ten; fifty-nine and one more; threescore.

Sixty

Six"ty, n.; pl. Sixties (.

1. The sum of six times ten; sixty units or objects.

2. A symbol representing sixty units, as 60, lx., or LX.

Sixty-fourth

Six`ty-fourth" (?), a. Constituting or being one of sixty-four equal parts into which a thing is divided. Sixty-fourth note (Mus.), the sixty-fourth part of a whole note; a hemi-demi-semiquaver.

Sizable

Siz"a*ble (?), a.

1. Of considerable size or bulk. "A sizable volume." Bp. Hurd.

2. Being of reasonable or suitable size; as, sizable timber; sizable bulk. Arbuthnot.

Sizar

Si"zar (?), n. One of a body of students in the universities of Cambridge (Eng.) and Dublin, who, having passed a certain examination, are exempted from paying college fees and charges. A sizar corresponded to a servitor at Oxford.
The sizar paid nothing for food and tuition, and very little for lodging. Macaulay.
&hand; They formerly waited on the table at meals; but this is done away with. They were probably so called from being thus employed in distributing the size, or provisions. See 4th Size, 2.

Sizarship

Si"zar*ship, n. The position or standing of a sizar.

Size

Size (?), n. [See Sice, and Sise.] Six.

Size

Size (?), n. [OIt. sisa glue used by painters, shortened fr. assisa, fr. assidere, p. p. assiso, to make to sit, to seat, to place, L. assidere to sit down; ad + sidere to sit down, akin to sedere to sit. See Sit, v. i., and cf. Assize, Size bulk.]

1. A thin, weak glue used in various trades, as in painting, bookbinding, paper making, etc.

2. Any viscous substance, as gilder's varnish.

Size

Size, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sizing.] To cover with size; to prepare with size.

Size

Size, n. [Abbrev. from assize. See Assize, and cf. Size glue.]

1. A settled quantity or allowance. See Assize. [Obs.] "To scant my sizes." Shak.

2. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.) An allowance of food and drink from the buttery, aside from the regular dinner at commons; -- corresponding to battel at Oxford.

3. Extent of superficies or volume; bulk; bigness; magnitude; as, the size of a tree or of a mast; the size of a ship or of a rock.

4. Figurative bulk; condition as to rank, ability, character, etc.; as, the office demands a man of larger size.

Men of a less size and quality. L'Estrange.
The middling or lower size of people. Swift.

5. A conventional relative measure of dimension, as for shoes, gloves, and other articles made up for sale.

6. An instrument consisting of a number of perforated gauges fastened together at one end by a rivet, -- used for ascertaining the size of pearls. Knight. Size roll, a small piese of parchment added to a roll. -- Size stick, a measuring stick used by shoemakers for ascertaining the size of the foot. Syn. -- Dimension; bigness; largeness; greatness; magnitude.

Size

Size, v. t.

1. To fix the standard of. "To size weights and measures." [R.] Bacon.

2. To adjust or arrange according to size or bulk. Specifically: (a) (Mil.) To take the height of men, in order to place them in the ranks according to their stature. (b) (Mining) To sift, as pieces of ore or metal, in order to separate the finer from the coarser parts.

3. To swell; to increase the bulk of. Beau. & Fl.

4. (Mech.) To bring or adjust anything exactly to a required dimension, as by cutting. To size up, to estimate or ascertain the character and ability of. See 4th Size, 4. [Slang, U.S.]

We had to size up our fellow legislators. The Century.

Size

Size, v. i.

1. To take greater size; to increase in size.

Our desires give them fashion, and so, As they wax lesser, fall, as they size, grow. Donne.

2. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.) To order food or drink from the buttery; hence, to enter a score, as upon the buttery book.

Sized

Sized (?), a.

1. Adjusted according to size.

2. Having a particular size or magnitude; -- chiefly used in compounds; as, large-sized; common-sized.

Sizel

Si"zel (?), n. Same as Scissel, 2.

Sizer

Siz"er (?), n.

1. See Sizar.

2. (Mech.) (a) An instrument or contrivance to size articles, or to determine their size by a standard, or to separate and distribute them according to size. (b) An instrument or tool for bringing anything to an exact size.

Siziness

Siz"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sizy; viscousness.

Sizing

Siz"ing, n.

1. Act of covering or treating with size.

2. A weak glue used in various trades; size.

Sizing

Siz"ing, n.

1. The act of sorting with respect to size.

2. The act of bringing anything to a certain size.

3. (Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.) Food and drink ordered from the buttery by a student.

Sizy

Siz"y (?), a. [From 2d Size.] Sizelike; viscous; glutinous; as, sizy blood. Arbuthnot.

Sizzle

Siz"zle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sizzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sizzling (?).] [See Siss.] To make a hissing sound; to fry, or to dry and shrivel up, with a hissing sound. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Forby.

Sizzle

Siz"zle, n. A hissing sound, as of something frying over a fire. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

Sizzling

Siz"zling (?), a. & n. from Sizzle.

Skaddle

Skad"dle (?), n. [Dim. of scath.] Hurt; damage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

Skaddle

Skad"dle, a. Hurtful. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

Skaddon

Skad"don (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of a bee. [Prov. Eng.]

Skag

Skag (?), n. (Naut.) An additional piece fastened to the keel of a boat to prevent lateral motion. See Skeg.

Skain

Skain (?), n. See Skein. [Obs.]

Skain

Skain, n. See Skean. Drayton.

Skainsmate

Skains"mate` (?), n. [Perhaps originally, a companion in winding thread (see Skein), or a companion in arms, from skain a sword (see Skean).] A messmate; a companion. [Obs.]
Scurvy knave! I am none of his firt-gills; I am none of his skainsmates. Shak.

Skaith

Skaith (?), n. See Scatch. [Scot.]

Skald

Skald (?), n. See 5th Scald.

Skaldic

Skald"ic (?), a. See Scaldic. Max M\'81ller.

Skall

Skall (?), v. t. To scale; to mount. [Obs.]

Skar, Skare

Skar (?), Skare (?), a. [From the root of scare.] Wild; timid; shy. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Skart

Skart (?), n. [Cf. Scarf a cormorant.] (Zo\'94l.) The shag. [Prov. Eng.]

Skate

Skate (?), n. [D. schaats. Cf. Scatches.] A metallic runner with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a shoe, -- made to be fastened under the foot, and used for moving rapidly on ice.
Batavia rushes forth; and as they sweep, On sounding skates, a thousand different ways, In circling poise, swift as the winds, along, The then gay land is maddended all to joy. Thomson.
Roller skate. See under Roller.

Skate

Skate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skated; p. pr. & vb. n. Skating.] To move on skates.

Skate

Skate, n. [Icel. skata; cf. Prov. G. schatten, meer-schatten, L. squatus, squatina, and E. shad.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large, flat elasmobranch fishes of the genus Raia, having a long, slender tail, terminated by a small caudal fin. The pectoral fins, which are large and broad and united to the sides of the body and head, give a somewhat rhombic form to these fishes. The skin is more or less spinose. &hand; Some of the species are used for food, as the European blue or gray skate (Raia batis), which sometimes weighs nearly 200 pounds. The American smooth, or barn-door, skate (R. l\'91vis) is also a large species, often becoming three or four feet across. The common spiny skate (R. erinacea) is much smaller. Skate's egg. See Sea purse. -- Skate sucker, any marine leech of the genus Pontobdella, parasitic on skates.

Skater

Skat"er (?), n.

1. One who skates.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects belonging to Gerris, Pyrrhocoris, Prostemma, and allied genera. They have long legs, and run rapidly over the surface of the water, as if skating.

Skatol

Ska"tol (?), n. [Gr. -ol.] (Physiol. Chem.) A constituent of human f\'91ces formed in the small intestines as a product of the putrefaction of albuminous matter. It is also found in reduced indigo. Chemically it is methyl indol, C9H9N.

Skayles

Skayles (?), n. [&root;159.] Skittles. [Obs.]

Skean

Skean (?), n. [Ir sgian; akin to Gael. sgian, W. ysgien a large knife, a scimiter.] A knife or short dagger, esp. that in use among the Highlanders of Scotland. [Variously spelt.] "His skean, or pistol." Spenser.

Skedaddle

Ske*dad"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skedaddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skedaddling (?).] [Of uncertain etymology.] To betake one's self to flight, as if in a panic; to flee; to run away. [Slang, U. S.]

Skee

Skee (?), n. [Dan. ski; Icel. sk\'c6 a billet of wood. See Skid.] A long strip of wood, curved upwards in front, used on the foot for sliding.<-- now spelled ski -->

Skeed

Skeed (?), n. See Skid.

Skeel

Skeel (?), n. [Icel. skj a pail, bucket.] A shallow wooden vessel for holding milk or cream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Grose.

Skeelduck, Skeelgoose

Skeel"duck` (?), Skeel"goose` (?), n. [See Sheldrake.] (Zo\'94l.) The common European sheldrake. [Prov. Eng.]

Skeet

Skeet (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) A scoop with a long handle, used to wash the sides of a vessel, and formerly to wet the sails or deck.

Skeg

Skeg (?), n. [Prov. E., also a stump of a branch, a wooden peg; cf. Icel. sk a wood, Sw. skog. Cf. Shaw.]

1. A sort of wild plum. [Obs.] Holland.

2. pl. A kind of oats. Farm. Encyc.

3. (Naut.) The after part of the keel of a vessel, to which the rudder is attached.

Skegger

Skeg"ger (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parr. Walton.

Skein

Skein (?), n. [OE. skeyne, OF. escaigne, F. \'82cagne, probably of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. sgainne, Gael. sgeinnidh thread, small twine; or perhaps the English word is immediately from Celtic.]

1. A quantity of yarn, thread, or the like, put up together, after it is taken from the reel, -- usually tied in a sort of knot. &hand; A skein of cotton yarn is formed by eighty turns of the thread round a fifty-four inch reel.

2. (Wagon Making) A metallic strengthening band or thimble on the wooden arm of an axle. Knight.

Skein

Skein, n. (Zo\'94l.) A flight of wild fowl (wild geese or the like). [Prov. Eng.]

Skeine

Skeine (?), n. See Skean.

Skelder

Skel"der (?), v. t. & i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To deceive; to cheat; to trick. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Skelder

Skel"der, n. A vagrant; a cheat. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Skeldrake, ∨ Skieldrake

Skel"drake` (?), ∨ Skiel"drake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common European sheldrake. (b) The oyster catcher.

Skelet

Skel"et (?), n. A skeleton. See Scelet.

Skeletal

Skel"e*tal (?), a. Pertaining to the skeleton.

Skeletogenous

Skel`e*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Skeleton + -genous.] Forming or producing parts of the skeleton.

Skeletology

Skel`e*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Skeleton + -logy.] That part of anatomy which treats of the skeleton; also, a treatise on the skeleton.

Skeleton

Skel"e*ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The bony and cartilaginous framework which supports the soft parts of a vertebrate animal. [See Illust. of the Human Skeleton, in Appendix.] (b) The more or less firm or hardened framework of an invertebrate animal. &hand; In a wider sense, the skeleton includes the whole connective-tissue framework with the integument and its appendages. See Endoskeleton, and Exoskeleton.

2. Hence, figuratively: (a) A very thin or lean person. (b) The framework of anything; the principal parts that support the rest, but without the appendages.

The great skeleton of the world. Sir M. Hale.
(c) The heads and outline of a literary production, especially of a sermon.

Skeleton

Skel"e*ton, a. Consisting of, or resembling, a skeleton; consisting merely of the framework or outlines; having only certain leading features of anything; as, a skeleton sermon; a skeleton crystal. Skeleton bill, a bill or draft made out in blank as to the amount or payee, but signed by the acceptor. [Eng.] -- Skeleton key, a key with nearly the whole substance of the web filed away, to adapt it to avoid the wards of a lock; a master key; -- used for opening locks to which it has not been especially fitted. -- Skeleton leaf, a leaf from which the pulpy part has been removed by chemical means, the fibrous part alone remaining. -- Skeleton proof, a proof of a print or engraving, with the inscription outlined in hair strokes only, such proofs being taken before the engraving is finished. -- Skeleton regiment, a regiment which has its complement of officers, but in which there are few enlisted men. -- Skeleton shrimp (Zo\'94l.), a small crustacean of the genus Caprella. See Illust. under L\'91modipoda.

Skeletonize

Skel"e*ton*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skeletonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skeletonizing (?).] To prepare a skeleton of; also, to reduce, as a leaf, to its skeleton. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

Skeletonizer

Skel"e*ton*i`zer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any small moth whose larva eats the parenchyma of leaves, leaving the skeleton; as, the apple-leaf skeletonizer.

Skellum

Skel"lum (?), n. [Dan. schelm, fr. G. schelm.] A scoundrel. [Obs. or Scot.] Pepys. Burns.

Skelly

Skel"ly (?), v. i. [Cf. Dan. skele, Sw. skela.] To squint. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Skelly

Skel"ly, n. A squint. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Skelp

Skelp (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. skelp to kick severely, to move rapidly; Gael. sgealp, n., a slap with the palm of the hand, v., to strike with the palm of the hand.]

1. A blow; a smart stroke. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett.

2. A squall; also, a heavy fall of rain. [Scot.]

Skelp

Skelp, v. t. To strike; to slap. [Scot.] C. Reade.

Skelp

Skelp, n. A wrought-iron plate from which a gun barrel or pipe is made by bending and welding the edges together, and drawing the thick tube thus formed.

Skelter

Skel"ter (?), v. i. [Cf. Helter-skelter.] To run off helter-skelter; to hurry; to scurry; -- with away or off. [Colloq.] A. R. Wallace.

Sken

Sken (?), v. i. To squint. [Prov. Eng.]

Skene

Skene (?), n. See Skean. C. Kingsley.

Skep

Skep (?), n. [Icel. skeppa a measure, bushel; cf. Gael. sgeap a basket, a beehive.]

1. A coarse round farm basket. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Tusser.

2. A beehive. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Skeptic

Skep"tic (?), n. [Gr. skeptiko`s thoughtful, reflective, fr. ske`ptesqai to look carefully or about, to view, consider: cf. L. scepticus, F. sceptique. See Scope.] [Written also sceptic.]

1. One who is yet undecided as to what is true; one who is looking or inquiring for what is true; an inquirer after facts or reasons.

Page 1349

2. (Metaph.) A doubter as to whether any fact or truth can be certainly known; a universal doubter; a Pyrrhonist; hence, in modern usage, occasionally, a person who questions whether any truth or fact can be established on philosophical grounds; sometimes, a critical inquirer, in opposition to a dogmatist.

All this criticism [of Hume] proceeds upon the erroneous hypothesis that he was a dogmatist. He was a skeptic; that is, he accepted the principles asserted by the prevailing dogmatism: and only showed that such and such conclusions were, on these principles, inevitable. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. (Theol.) A person who doubts the existence and perfections of God, or the truth of revelation; one who disbelieves the divine origin of the Christian religion.

Suffer not your faith to be shaken by the sophistries of skeptics. S. Clarke.
&hand; This word and its derivatives are often written with c instead of k in the first syllable, -- sceptic, sceptical, scepticism, etc. Dr. Johnson, struck with the extraordinary irregularity of giving c its hard sound before e, altered the spelling, and his example has been followed by most of the lexicographers who have succeeded him; yet the prevalent practice among English writers and printers is in favor of the other mode. In the United States this practice is reversed, a large and increasing majority of educated persons preferring the orthography which is most in accordance with etymology and analogy. Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever; doubter. -- See Infidel.

Skeptic, Skeptical

Skep"tic (?), Skep"tic*al (?), a. [Written also sceptic, sceptical.]

1. Of or pertaining to a sceptic or skepticism; characterized by skepticism; hesitating to admit the certainly of doctrines or principles; doubting of everything.

2. (Theol.) Doubting or denying the truth of revelation, or the sacred Scriptures.

The skeptical system subverts the whole foundation of morals. R. Hall.
-- Skep"tac*al*ly, adv. -- Skep"tic*al*ness, n.

Skepticism

Skep"ti*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. scepticisme.] [Written also scepticism.]

1. An undecided, inquiring state of mind; doubt; uncertainty.

That momentary amazement, and irresolution, and confusion, which is the result of skepticism. Hune.

2. (Metaph.) The doctrine that no fact or principle can be certainly known; the tenet that all knowledge is uncertain; Pyrrohonism; universal doubt; the position that no fact or truth, however worthy of confidence, can be established on philosophical grounds; critical investigation or inquiry, as opposed to the positive assumption or assertion of certain principles.

3. (Theol.) A doubting of the truth of revelation, or a denial of the divine origin of the Christian religion, or of the being, perfections, or truth of God.

Let no . . . secret skepticism lead any one to doubt whether this blessed prospect will be realized. S. Miller.

Skepticize

Skep"ti*cize (?), v. i. To doubt; to pretend to doubt of everything. [R.]
To skepticize, where no one else will . . . hesitate. Shaftesbury.

Skerry

Sker"ry (?), n.; pl. Skerries (#). [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. sker, Sw. sk\'84r, Dan. ski. Cf. Scar a bank.] A rocky isle; an insulated rock. [Scot.]

Sketch

Sketch (?), n. [D. schets, fr. It. schizzo a sketch, a splash (whence also F. esquisse; cf. Esquisse.); cf. It. schizzare to splash, to sketch.] An outline or general delineation of anything; a first rough or incomplete draught or plan of any design; especially, in the fine arts, such a representation of an object or scene as serves the artist's purpose by recording its chief features; also, a preliminary study for an original work. Syn. -- Outline; delineation; draught; plan; design. -- Sketch, Outline, Delineation. An outline gives only the bounding lines of some scene or picture. A sketch fills up the outline in part, giving broad touches, by which an imperfect idea may be conveyed. A delineation goes further, carrying out the more striking features of the picture, and going so much into detail as to furnish a clear conception of the whole. Figuratively, we may speak of the outlines of a plan, of a work, of a project, etc., which serve as a basis on which the subordinate parts are formed, or of sketches of countries, characters, manners, etc., which give us a general idea of the things described. Crabb.

Sketch

Sketch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sketched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sketching.] [Cf D. schetsen, It. schizzare. See Sketch, n.]

1. To draw the outline or chief features of; to make a rought of.

2. To plan or describe by giving the principal points or ideas of. Syn. -- To delineate; design; draught; depict.

Sketch

Sketch, v. i. To make sketches, as of landscapes.

Sketchbook

Sketch"book`, n. A book of sketches or for sketches.

Sketcher

Sketch"er (?), n. One who sketches.

Sketchily

Sketch"i*ly (?), adv. In a sketchy or incomplete manner. "Sketchily descriptive." Bartlett.

Sketchiness

Sketch"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being sketchy; lack of finish; incompleteness.

Sketchy

Sketch"y (?), a. Containing only an outline or rough form; being in the manner of a sketch; incomplete.
The execution is sketchy throughout; the head, in particular, is left in the rough. J. S. Harford.

Skew

Skew (?), adv. [Cf. D. scheef. Dan. ski, Sw. skef, Icel. skeifr, G. schief, also E. shy, a. & v. i.] Awry; obliquely; askew.

Skew

Skew, a. Turned or twisted to one side; situated obliquely; skewed; -- chiefly used in technical phrases. Skew arch, an oblique arch. See under Oblique. -- Skew back. (Civil Engin.) (a) The course of masonry, the stone, or the iron plate, having an inclined face, which forms the abutment for the voussoirs of a segmental arch. (b) A plate, cap, or shoe, having an inclined face to receive the nut of a diagonal brace, rod, or the end of an inclined strut, in a truss or frame. -- Skew bridge. See under Bridge, n. -- Skew curve (Geom.), a curve of double curvature, or a twisted curve. See Plane curve, under Curve. -- Skew gearing, ∨ Skew bevel gearing (Mach.), toothed gearing, generally resembling bevel gearing, for connecting two shafts that are neither parallel nor intersecting, and in which the teeth slant across the faces of the gears. -- Skew surface (Geom.), a ruled surface such that in general two successive generating straight lines do not intersect; a warped surface; as, the helicoid is a skew surface. -- Skew symmetrical determinant (Alg.), a determinant in which the elements in each column of the matrix are equal to the elements of the corresponding row of the matrix with the signs changed, as in (1), below. (1) 0 2 -3-2 0 53 -5 0 (2) 4 -1 71 8 -2-7 2 1 This requires that the numbers in the diagonal from the upper left to lower right corner be zeros. A like determinant in which the numbers in the diagonal are not zeros is a skew determinant, as in (2), above.

Skew

Skew (?), n. (Arch.) A stone at the foot of the slope of a gable, the offset of a buttress, or the like, cut with a sloping surface and with a check to receive the coping stones and retain them in place.

Skew

Skew, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skewing.]

1. To walk obliquely; to go sidling; to lie or move obliquely.

Child, you must walk straight, without skewing. L'Estrange.

2. To start aside; to shy, as a horse. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To look obliquely; to squint; hence, to look slightingly or suspiciously. Beau & Fl.

Skew

Skew, v. t. [See Skew, adv.]

1. To shape or form in an oblique way; to cause to take an oblique position.

2. To throw or hurl obliquely.

Skewbald

Skew"bald` (?), a. Marked with spots and patches of white and some color other than black; -- usually distinguished from piebald, in which the colors are properly white and black. Said of horses.

Skewer

Skew"er (?), n. [Probably of Scand, origin; cf. Sw. & Dan. skifer a slate. Cf. Shuver a fragment.] A pin of wood or metal for fastening meat to a spit, or for keeping it in form while roasting.
Meat well stuck with skewers to make it look round. Swift.

Skewer

Skew"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skewered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skewering.] To fasten with skewers.

Skid

Skid (?), n. [Icel. sk\'c6 a billet of wood. See Shide.] [Written also skeed.]

1. A shoe or clog, as of iron, attached to a chain, and placed under the wheel of a wagon to prevent its turning when descending a steep hill; a drag; a skidpan; also, by extension, a hook attached to a chain, and used for the same purpose.

2. A piece of timber used as a support, or to receive pressure. Specifically: (a) pl. (Naut.) Large fenders hung over a vessel's side to protect it in handling a cargo. Totten. (b) One of a pair of timbers or bars, usually arranged so as to form an inclined plane, as form a wagon to a door, along which anything is moved by sliding or rolling. (c) One of a pair of horizontal rails or timbers for supporting anything, as a boat, a barrel, etc.<-- a small platform, typically of two layers, having a space between the layers into which the fork of a fork lift can be inserted; used to conveniently transport heavy objects by means of a fork lift. -->

Skid

Skid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skidded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skidding.]

1. To protect or support with a skid or skids; also, to cause to move on skids.

2. To check with a skid, as wagon wheels. Dickens.

Skiddaw

Skid"daw` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

Skidpan

Skid"pan` (?), n. See Skid, n., 1. [Eng.]

Skied

Skied (?), imp. & p. p. of Sky, v. t.

Skiey

Ski"ey (?), a. See Skyey. Shelley.

Skiff

Skiff (?), n. [F. esquif, fr. OHG. skif, G. schiff. See Ship.] A small, light boat.
The pilot of some small night-foundered skiff. Milton.
Skiff caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a moth (Limacodes scapha); -- so called from its peculiar shape.

Skiff

Skiff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skiffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skiffing.] To navigate in a skiff. [R.]

Skiffling

Skif"fling (?), n. (Quarrying) Rough dressing by knocking off knobs or projections; knobbing.

Skilder

Skil"der (?), v. i. To beg; to pilfer; to skelder. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Skilful

Skil"ful (?), a. See Skilful.

Skill

Skill (?), n. [Icel. skil a distinction, discernment; akin to skilja to separate, divide, distinguish, Sw. skilja,. skille to separate, skiel reason, right, justice, Sw. sk\'84l reason, Lith. skelli to cleave. Cf. Shell, Shoal, a multitude.]

1. Discrimination; judgment; propriety; reason; cause. [Obs.] Shak. "As it was skill and right." Chaucer.

For great skill is, he prove that he wrought. Chaucer.
[For with good reason he should test what he created.]

2. Knowledge; understanding. [Obsoles.]

That by his fellowship he color might< oth his estate and love from skill of any wight. Spenser.
Nor want we skill or art. Milton.

3. The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with readiness and dexterity in execution or performance, or in the application of the art or science to practical purposes; power to discern and execute; ability to perceive and perform; expertness; aptitude; as, the skill of a mathematician, physician, surgeon, mechanic, etc.

Phocion, . . . by his great wisdom and skill at negotiations, diverted Alexander from the conquest of Athens. Swift.
Where patience her sweet skill imparts. Keble.

4. Display of art; exercise of ability; contrivance; address. [Obs.]

Richard . . . by a thousand princely skills, gathering so much corn as if he meant not to return. Fuller.

5. Any particular art. [Obs.]

Learned in one skill, and in another kind of learning unskillful. Hooker.
Syn. -- Dexterity; adroitness; expertness; art; aptitude; ability. -- Skill, Dexterity, Adroitness. Skill is more intelligent, denoting familiar knowledge united to readiness of performance. Dexterity, when applied to the body, is more mechanical, and refers to habitual ease of execution. Adroitness involves the same image with dexterity, and differs from it as implaying a general facility of movement (especially in avoidance of danger or in escaping from a difficalty). The same distinctions apply to the figurative sense of the words. A man is skillful in any employment when he understands both its theory and its practice. He is dexterous when he maneuvers with great lightness. He is adroit in the use od quick, sudden, and well-directed movements of the body or the mind, so as to effect the object he has in view.

Skill

Skill (?), v. t. To know; to understand. [Obs.]
To skill the arts of expressing our mind. Barrow.

Skill

Skill, v. i.

1. To be knowing; to have understanding; to be dexterous in performance. [Obs.]

I can not skill of these thy ways. Herbert.

2. To make a difference; to signify; to matter; -- used impersonally. Spenser.

What skills it, if a bag of stones or gold About thy neck do drown thee? Herbert.
It skills not talking of it. Sir W. Scott.

Skilled

Skilled (?), a. Having familiar knowledge united with readiness and dexterity in its application; familiarly acquainted with; expert; skillful; -- often followed by in; as, a person skilled in drawing or geometry.

Skillet

Skil"let (?), n. [OF. escuelette, dim. of escuelle a porringer, F. ecuelle, fr. L. scutella, dim. of scutra, scuta, a dish. Cf. Scuttle a basket.] A small vessel of iron, copper, or other metal, with a handle, used for culinary purpose, as for stewing meat.

Skillful

Skill"ful (?), a. [Written also skilful.]

1. Discerning; reasonable; judicious; cunning. [Obs.] "Of skillful judgment." Chaucer.

2. Possessed of, or displaying, skill; knowing and ready; expert; well-versed; able in management; as, a skillful mechanic; -- often followed by at, in, or of; as, skillful at the organ; skillful in drawing.

And they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and such as are skillful of lamentations to wailing. Amos v. 16.
Syn. -- Expert; skilled; dexterous; adept; masterly; adroit; clever; cunning. -- Skill"ful*ly, adv. -- Skill"ful*ness, n.

Skilligalee

Skil`li*ga*lee" (?), n. A kind of thin, weak broth or oatmeal porridge, served out to prisoners and paupers in England; also, a drink made of oatmeal, sugar, and water, sometimes used in the English navy or army. [Written also skilligolee, skillygalee, etc.]

Skilling

Skil"ling (?), n. [Cf. Sheeling.] A bay of a barn; also, a slight addition to a cottage. [Prov. Eng.]

Skilling

Skil"ling, n. [Sw. & Dan. See Shilling.] A money od account in Sweden, Norwey, Denmark, and North Germany, and also a coin. It had various values, from three fourths of a cent in Norway to more than two cents in L\'81beck.

Skill-less

Skill"-less, a. Wanting skill. Shak.

Skilts

Skilts (?), n. pl. A kind of large, coarse, short trousers formerly worn. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Skilty

Skil"ty (?), n. The water rail. [Prov. Eng.]

Skim

Skim (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skimming.] [Cf. Sw. skymma to darken. &root;158. See Scum.]

1. To clear (a liquid) from scum or substance floating or lying thereon, by means of a utensil that passes just beneath the surface; as, to skim milk; to skim broth.

2. To take off by skimming; as, to skim cream.

3. To pass near the surface of; to brush the surface of; to glide swiftly along the surface of.

Homer describes Mercury as flinging himself from the top of Olympus, and skimming the surface of the ocean. Hazlitt.

4. Fig.: To read or examine superficially and rapidly, in order to cull the principal facts or thoughts; as, to skim a book or a newspaper.

Skim

Skim, v. i.

1. To pass lightly; to glide along in an even, smooth course; to glide along near the surface.

Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain, Flies o'er the unbending corn, and skims along the main. Pope.

2. To hasten along with superficial attention.

They skim over a science in a very superficial survey. I. Watts.

3. To put on the finishing coat of plaster.

Skim

Skim, a. Contraction of Skimming and Skimmed. Skim coat, the final or finishing coat of plaster. -- Skim colter, a colter for paring off the surface of land. -- Skim milk, skimmed milk; milk from which the cream has been taken.

Skrim

Skrim, n. Scum; refuse. Bryskett.

Skimback

Skim"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The quillback. [Local, U.S.]

Skimble-scamble

Skim"ble-scam`ble (?), a. [A reduplication of scamble.] Rambling; disorderly; unconnected. [Colloq.]
Such a deal of skimble-scamble stuff. Shak.

Skimitry

Skim"i*try (?), n. See Skimmington.

Skimmer

Skim"mer (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, skims; esp., a utensil with which liquids are skimmed.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of longwinged marine birds of the genus Rhynchops, allied to the terns, but having the lower mandible compressed and much longer than the upper one. These birds fly rapidly along the surface of the water, with the lower mandible immersed, thus skimming out small fishes. The American species (R. nigra) is common on the southern coasts of the United States. Called also scissorbill, and shearbill.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several large bivalve shells, sometimes used for skimming milk, as the sea clams, and large scallops.

Page 1350

Skimmerton

Skim"mer*ton (?), n. See Skimmington.

Skimming

Skim"ming (?), n.

1. The act of one who skims.

2. That which is skimmed from the surface of a liquid; -- chiefly used in the plural; as, the skimmings of broth.

Skimmingly

Skim"ming*ly, adv. In a skimming manner.

Skimmington

Skim"ming*ton (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain. Perhaps the name of some notorius scold.] A word employed in the phrase, To ride Skimmington; that is to ride on a horse with a woman, but behind her, facing backward, carrying a distaff, and accompanied by a procession of jeering neighbors making mock music; a cavalcade in ridicule of a henpecked man. The custom was in vogue in parts of England.

Skimp

Skimp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skimped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skimping.] [Cf. Skinch, Scamp, v. t.]

1. To slight; to do carelessly; to scamp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

2. To make insufficient allowance for; to scant; to scrimp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] <-- used with "on"; to skimp on clothing so as to have enough food. -->

Skimp

Skimp, v. i. To save; to be parsimonious or niggardly. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

Skimp

Skimp, a. Scanty. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

Skin

Skin (?), n. [Icel. skinn; akin to Sw. skinn, Dan. skind, AS. scinn, G. schined to skin.]

1. (Anat.) The external membranous integument of an animal. &hand; In man, and the vertebrates generally, the skin consist of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis, cuticle, or skarfskin, composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial, layers; and an inner sensitive, and vascular dermis, cutis, corium, or true skin, composed mostly of connective tissue.

2. The hide of an animal, separated from the body, whether green, dry, or tanned; especially, that of a small animal, as a calf, sheep, or goat.

3. A vessel made of skin, used for holding liquids. See Bottle, 1. "Skins of wine." Tennyson.

4. The bark or husk of a plant or fruit; the exterior coat of fruits and plants.

5. (Naut.) (a) That part of a sail, when furled, which remains on the outside and covers the whole. Totten. (b) The covering, as of planking or iron plates, outside the framing, forming the sides and bottom of a vessel; the shell; also, a lining inside the framing. Skin friction, Skin resistance (Naut.), the friction, or resistance, caused by the tendency of water to adhere to the immersed surface (skin) of a vessel. -- Skin graft (Surg.), a small portion of skin used in the process of grafting. See Graft, v. t., 2. -- Skin moth (Zo\'94l.), any insect which destroys the prepared skins of animals, especially the larva of Dermestes and Anthrenus. -- Skin of the teeth, nothing, or next to nothing; the least possible hold or advantage. Job xix. 20. -- Skin wool, wool taken from dead sheep.

Skin

Skin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skinning.]

1. To strip off the skin or hide of; to flay; to peel; as, to skin an animal.

2. To cover with skin, or as with skin; hence, to cover superficially.

It will but skin and film the ulcerous place. Shak.

3. To strip of money or property; to cheat. [Slang]

Skin

Skin, v. i.

1. To become covered with skin; as, a wound skins over.

2. To produce, in recitation, examination, etc., the work of another for one's own, or to use in such exercise cribs, memeoranda, etc., which are prohibited. [College Cant, U.S.]

Skinbound

Skin"bound` (?), a. Having the skin adhering closely and rigidly to the flesh; hidebound. Skinbound disease. (Med.) See Sclerema neonatorum, under Sclerema.

Skinch

Skinch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Skinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skinching.] [Cf. Scant.] To give scant measure; to squeeze or pinch in order to effect a saving. [Prev. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

Skin-deep

Skin"-deep` (?), a. Not deeper than the skin; hence, superficial. Lowell.

Skinflint

Skin"flint` (?), n. [Skin + flint.] A penurious person; a miser; a niggard. Sir W. Scott.

Skinful

Skin"ful (?), n.; pl. Skinfuls (. As much as a skin can hold.

Skink

Skink (?), n. [L. scincus, Gr. [Written also scink.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of regularly scaled harmless lizards of the family Scincid\'91, common in the warmer parts of all the continents. &hand; The officinal skink (Scincus officinalis) inhabits the sandy plains of South Africa. It was believed by the ancients to be a specific for various diseases. A common slender species (Seps tridactylus) of Southern Europe was formerly believed to produce fatal diseases in cattle by mere contact. The American skinks include numerous species of the genus Eumeces, as the blue-tailed skink (E. fasciatus) of the Eastern United States. The ground skink, or ground lizard (Oligosoma laterale) inhabits the Southern United States.

Skink

Skink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skinking.] [Icel. skenja; akin to Sw. sk\'84ka, Dan. skienke, AS. scencan, D. & G. schenken. As. scencan is usually derived from sceonc, sceanc, shank, a hollow bone being supposed to have been used to draw off liquor from a cask. &root;161. See Shank, and cf. Nunchion.] To draw or serve, as drink. [Obs.]
Bacchus the wine them skinketh all about. Chaucer.
Such wine as Ganymede doth skink to Jove. Shirley.

Skink

Skink, v. i. To serve or draw liquor. [Obs.]

Skink

Skink, n. Drink; also, pottage. [Obs.] Bacon.

Skinker

Skink"er (?), n. One who serves liquor; a tapster.

Skinless

Skin"less (?), a. Having no skin, or a very thin skin; as, skinless fruit.

Skinner

Skin"ner (?), n.

1. One who skins.

2. One who deals in skins, pelts, or hides.

Skinniness

Skin"ni*ness (?), n. Quality of being skinny.

Skinny

Skin"ny (?), a. Consisting, or chiefly consisting, of skin; wanting flesh. "Her skinny lips." Shak.
He holds him with a skinny hand. Coleridge.

Skip

Skip (?), n. [See Skep.]

1. A basket. See Skep. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. A basket on wheels, used in cotton factories.

3. (Mining) An iron bucket, which slides between guides, for hoisting mineral and rock.

4. (Sugar Manuf.) A charge of sirup in the pans.

5. A beehive; a skep.

Skip

Skip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skipping.] [OE. skippen, of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. skopa run, skoppa to spin like a top, OSw. & dial. Sw. skimmpa to run, skimpa, skompa, to hop, skip; or Ir. sgiob to snatch, Gael. sgiab to start or move suddenly, to snatch, W. ysgipio to snatch.]

1. To leap lightly; to move in leaps and hounds; -- commonly implying a sportive spirit.

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play? Pope.
So she drew her mother away skipping, dancing, and frisking fantastically. Hawthorne.

2. Fig.: To leave matters unnoticed, as in reading, speaking, or writing; to pass by, or overlook, portions of a thing; -- often followed by over.

Skip

Skip, v. t.

1. To leap lightly over; as, to skip the rope.

2. To pass over or by without notice; to omit; to miss; as, to skip a line in reading; to skip a lesson.

They who have a mind to see the issue may skip these two chapters. Bp. Burnet.

3. To cause to skip; as, to skip a stone. [Colloq.]

Skip

Skip, n.

1. A light leap or bound.

2. The act of passing over an interval from one thing to another; an omission of a part.

3. (Mus.) A passage from one sound to another by more than a degree at once. Busby. Skip kennel, a lackey; a footboy. [Slang.] Swift. -- Skip mackerel. (Zo\'94l.) See Bluefish, 1.

Skipjack

Skip"jack` (?), n.

1. An upstart. [Obs.] Ford.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An elater; a snap bug, or snapping beetle.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A name given to several kinds of a fish, as the common bluefish, the alewife, the bonito, the butterfish, the cutlass fish, the jurel, the leather jacket, the runner, the saurel, the saury, the threadfish, etc.

4. (Naut.) A shallow sailboat with a rectilinear or V-shaped cross section.

Skipper

Skip"per (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, skips.

2. A young, thoughtless person. Shak.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The saury (Scomberesox saurus).

4. The cheese maggot. See Cheese fly, under Cheese.

5. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small butterflies of the family Hesperiad\'91; -- so called from their peculiar short, jerking flight.

Skipper

Skip"per, n. [D. schipper. See Shipper, and Ship.]

1. (Naut.) The master of a fishing or small trading vessel; hence, the master, or captain, of any vessel.

2. A ship boy. [Obs.] Congreve.

Skippet

Skip"pet (?), n. [Cf. Icel. skip, E. skipper. See Ship.]

1. A small boat; a skiff. [Obs.]

A little skippet floating did appear. Spenser.

2. A small round box for keeping records. [Obs.]

Skippingly

Skip"ping*ly (?), adv. In a skipping manner; by skips, or light leaps.

Skirl

Skirl (?), v. t.& i. [Of Scand. origin, and originally the same word as E. shrill.] To utter in a shrill tone; to scream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Skirl

Skirl, n. A shrill cry or sound. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Skirlcock

Skirl"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The missel thrush; -- so called from its harsh alarm note. [Prev. Eng.]

Skirlcrake

Skirl"crake` (?), n. The turnstone. [Prev. Eng.]

Skirling

Skirl"ing, n. A shrill cry or sound; a crying shrilly; a skirl. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
When the skirling of the pipes cleft the air his cold eyes softened. Mrs. J. H. Ewing.

Skirling

Skirl"ing, n. (Zo\'94l.) A small trout or salmon; -- a name used loosely. [Prov. Eng.]

Skirmish

Skir"mish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skirmished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skirmishing.] [OE. skirmishen, scarmishen, OF. escremir, eskermir, to fence, fight, F. escrimer, of German origin; cf. OHG. scirmen to protect, defend, G. schirmen, OHG. scirm, scerm, protection, shield, G. schirm; perhaps akin to Gr. Scaramouch, Scrimmage.] To fight slightly or in small parties; to engage in a skirmish or skirmishes; to act as skirmishers.

Skirmish

Skir"mish, n.[OE. scarmishe, scrymishe. See Skirmish, v. i.]

1. A slight fight in war; a light or desultory combat between detachments from armies, or between detached and small bodies of troops.

2. A slight contest.

They never meet but there's a skirmish of wit. Shak.

Skirmisher

Skir"mish*er (?), n. One who skirmishes. Specifically: pl. (Mil.) Soldiers deployed in loose order, to cover the front or flanks of an advancing army or a marching column.

Skirr

Skirr (?), v. t. [Cf. Scur, Scurry.] To ramble over in order to clear; to scour. [Archaic] Shak.

Skirr

Skirr, v. i. To scour; to scud; to run. [Archaic]

Skirr

Skirr, n. (Zo\'94l.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

Skirret

Skir"ret (?), n. [A corrupted form equivalent to sugarwort.] (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Sium, ∨ Pimpinella, Sisarum). It is a native of Asia, but has been long cultivated in Europe for its edible clustered tuberous roots, which are very sweet.

Skirrhus

Skir"rhus (?), n. (Med.) See Scirrhus.

Skirt

Skirt (?), n. [OE. skyrt, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. skyrta a shirt, Sw. sk\'94rt a skirt, skjorta a shirt. See Shirt.]

1. The lower and loose part of a coat, dress, or other like garment; the part below the waist; as, the skirt of a coat, a dress, or a mantle.

2. A loose edging to any part of a dress. [Obs.]

A narrow lace, or a small skirt of ruffled linen, which runs along the upper part of the stays before, and crosses the breast, being a part of the tucker, is called the modesty piece. Addison.

3. Border; edge; margin; extreme part of anything "Here in the skirts of the forest." Shak.

4. A petticoat.

5. The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals. Dunglison.

Skirt

Skirt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Skirting.]

1. To cover with a skirt; to surround.

Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold. Milton.

2. To border; to form the border or edge of; to run along the edge of; as, the plain was skirted by rows of trees. "When sundown skirts the moor." Tennyson.

Skirt

Skirt, v. t. To be on the border; to live near the border, or extremity.
Savages . . . who skirt along our western frontiers. S. S. Smith.

Skirting

Skirt"ing, n.

1. (Arch.) A skirting board. [R.]

2. Skirts, taken collectivelly; material for skirts. Skirting board, the board running around a room on the wall next the floor; baseboard.

Skit

Skit (?)/pr>, v. t. [Prov. E. skitto slide, as adj., hasty, precipitate, of Scand. origin, and akin to E. shoot, v.t.; cf. Icel. skyti, skytja, skytta, a marksman, shooter, skj&omac;ta to shoot, sk&umac;ta a taunt. &root;159. See Shoot.] To cast reflections on; to asperse. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Crose.

Skit

Skit, n.

1. A reflection; a jeer or gibe; a sally; a brief satire; a squib. Tooke.

A similar vein satire upon the emptiness of writers is given in his "Tritical Essay upon the Faculties of the Human Mind;" but that is a mere skit compared with this strange performance. Leslie Stephen.

2. A wanton girl; a light wench. [Obs.]

Skittish

Skit"tish (?), a. [See Skit, v. t.]

1. Easily frightened; timorous; shy; untrustworthy; as, a skittish colt. "A restiff, skittish jade." L'Estrange.

2. Wanton; restive; freakish; volatile; changeable; fickle. "Skittish Fortune's hall." Shak. -- Skit"tish*ly, adv. -- Skit"tish*ness, n.

Skittle

Skit"tle (?), a. Pertaining to the game of skittles. Skittle alley, an alley or court in which the game of skittles is played. -- Skittle ball, a disk or flattish ball of wood for throwing at the pins in the game of skittles.

Skittle-dog

Skit"tle-dog` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The piked dogfish.

Skittles

Skit"tles (?), n. pl. [Of Scand. origin. &root;159. See Shoot, v. t., and cf. Shuttle, Skit, v. t.] An English game resembling ninepins, but played by throwing wooden disks, instead of rolling balls, at the pins.

Skitty

Skit"ty (?), n. [Cf. Skittish.] (Zo\'94l.) A rail; as, the water rail (called also skitty cock, and skitty coot); the spotted crake (Porzana maruetta), and the moor hen. [Prov. Eng.]

Skive

Skive (?), n. [Cf. Icel. sk\'c6fa a shaving, slice, E. shive, sheave.] The iron lap used by diamond polishers in finishing the facets of the gem.

Skive

Skive (?), v. t. To pare or shave off the rough or thick parts of (hides or leather).

Skiver

Skiv"er (?), n. [Cf. Skewer, Shiver a fragment.]

1. An inferior quality of leather, made of split sheepskin, tanned by immersion in sumac, and dyed. It is used for hat linings, pocketbooks, bookbinding, etc.

2. The cutting tool or machine used in splitting leather or skins, as sheepskins.

Skiving

Ski"ving (?), n.

1. The act of paring or splitting leather or skins.

2. A piece made in paring or splitting leather; specifically, the part from the inner, or flesh, side.

Sklayre

Sklayre (?), n. [Cf. G. schleier.] A vell. [Obs.]

Sklere

Sklere (?), v. t. To shelter; to cover. [Obs.]

Skolecite, Skolezite

Skol"e*cite (?), Skol"e*zite (?), n. (Min.) See Scolecite.

Skonce

Skonce (?), n. See Sconce.

Scopster

Scop"ster (?), n. The saury. [Prov. Eng.]

Skorodite

Skor"o*dite (?), n. (Min.) See Scorodite.

Skout

Skout (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A guillemot.

Skowitz

Sko"witz (?), n. [Nisqually (American Indian) name.] (Zo\'94l.) The silver salmon.

Skreen

Skreen (?), n. & v. See Screen. [Obs.]

Skrike

Skrike (?), v. i. & t. To shriek. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Skrike

Skrike, n. (Zo\'94l.) The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Skrimmage

Skrim"mage (?), n. See Scrimmage.

Skrimp

Skrimp (?), v. t. See Scrimp.

Skringe

Skringe (?), v. i. See Scringe.

Skrite

Skrite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The skrike. [Prov. Eng.]

Skua

Sku"a (?), n. [Icel. sk, sk.] (Zo\'94l.) Any jager gull; especially, the Megalestris skua; -- called also boatswain.

Skue

Skue (?), a. & n. See Skew.

Skulk

Skulk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Skulked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Skulking.] [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. skulke to spare or save one's self, to play the truant, Sw. skolka to be at leisure, to shirk, Icel. skolla. Cf. Scowl.] To hide, or get out of the way, in a sneaking manner; to lie close, or to move in a furtive way; to lurk. "Want skulks in holes and crevices." W. C. Bryant.
Discovered and defeated of your prey, You skulked behind the fence, and sneaked away. Dryden.

Skulk

Skulk, n. [Cf. Icel. skollr, skolli, a fox, and E. skulk, v.i.] A number of foxes together. Wright.
Page 1351

Skulk, Skulker

Skulk (?), Skulk"er (?), n. One who, or that which, skulks.

Skulkingly

Skulk"ing*ly, adv. In a skulking manner.

Skull

Skull (?), n. [See School a multitude.] A school, company, or shoal. [Obs.]
A knavish skull of boys and girls did pelt at him. Warner.
These fishes enter in great flotes and skulls. Holland.

Skull

Skull, n. [OE. skulle, sculle, scolle; akin to Scot. skull, skoll, a bowl, Sw. skalle skull, skal a shell, and E. scale; cf. G. hirnschale, Dan. hierneskal. Cf. Scale of a balance.]

1. (Anat.) The skeleton of the head of a vertebrate animal, including the brain case, or cranium, and the bones and cartilages of the face and mouth. See Illusts. of Carnivora, of Facial angles under Facial, and of Skeleton, in Appendix. &hand; In many fishes the skull is almost wholly cartilaginous but in the higher vertebrates it is more or less completely ossified, several bones are developed in the face, and the cranium is made up, wholly or partially, of bony plates arranged in three segments, the frontal, parietal, and occipital, and usually closely united in the adult.

2. The head or brain; the seat of intelligence; mind.

Skulls that can not teach, and will not learn. Cowper.

3. A covering for the head; a skullcap. [Obs. & R.]

Let me put on my skull first. Beau & Fl.

4. A sort of oar. See Scull. Skull and crossbones, a symbol of death. See Crossbones.

Skullcap

Skull"cap` (?), n.

1. A cap which fits the head closely; also, formerly, a headpiece of iron sewed inside of a cap for protection.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of the labiate genus Scutellaria, the calyx of whose flower appears, when inverted, like a helmet with the visor raised.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The Lophiomys. Mad-dog skullcap (Bot.), an American herb (Scetellaria lateriflora) formerly prescribed as a cure for hydrophobia.

Skullfish

Skull"fish` (?), n. A whaler's name for a whale more than two years old.

Skulpin

Skul"pin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Sculpin.

Skun

Skun (?), n. & v. See Scum.

Skunk

Skunk (?), n. [Contr. from the Abenaki (American Indian) seganku.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of American musteline carnivores of the genus Mephitis and allied genera. They have two glands near the anus, secreting an extremely fetid liquid, which the animal ejects at pleasure as a means of defense. &hand; The common species of the Eastern United States (Mephitis mephitica) is black with more or less white on the body and tail. The spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), native of the Southwestern United States and Mexico, is smaller than the common skunk, and is variously marked with black and white. Skunk bird, Skunk blackbird (Zo\'94l.), the bobolink; -- so called because the male, in the breeding season, is black and white, like a skunk. -- Skunk cabbage (Bot.), an American aroid herb (Symplocarpus f&oe;tidus>) having a reddish hornlike spathe in earliest spring, followed by a cluster of large cabbagelike leaves. It exhales a disagreeable odor. Also called swamp cabbage. -- Skunk porpoise. (Zo\'94l.) See under Porpoise.

Skunk

Skunk, v. t. In games of chance and skill: To defeat (an opponent) (as in cards) so that he fails to gain a point, or (in checkers) to get a king. [Colloq. U. S.]

Skunkball

Skunk"ball` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The surf duck.

Skunkhead

Skunk"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The surf duck. (b) A duck (Camptolaimus Labradorus) which formerly inhabited the Atlantic coast of New England. It is now supposed to be extinct. Called also Labrador duck, and pied duck.

Skunkish

Skunk"ish, a. Like the skunk, especially in odor.

Skunktop

Skunk"top` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The surf duck.

Skunkweed

Skunk"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Skunk cabbage.

Skurry

Skur"ry (?), n. & v. See Scurry.

Skute

Skute (?), n. [Icel. sk; akin to Sw. skuta, Dan. skude, D. schuit, Lg. sch\'81te, and E. schoot, v.t.] A boat; a small vessel. [Obs.] Sir R. Williams.

Skutterudite

Skut"ter*ud*ite (?), n. [From Skuttertid, in Norway, whence it is ibtained.] (Min.) A mineral of a bright metallic luster and tin-white to pale lead-gray color. It consist of arsenic and cobalt.

Sky

Sky (?), n.; pl. Skies (#). [OE. skie a cloud, Icel. sk; akin to Sw. & Dan. sky; cf. AS. sc, sc, shadow, Icel. skuggi; probably from the same root as E. scum. &root;158. See Scum, and cf. Hide skin, Obscure.]

1. A cloud. [Obs.]

[A wind] that blew so hideously and high, That it ne lefte not a sky In all the welkin long and broad. Chaucer.

2. Hence, a shadow. [Obs.]

She passeth as it were a sky. Gower.

3. The apparent arch, or vault, of heaven, which in a clear day is of a blue color; the heavens; the firmament; -- sometimes in the plural.

The Norweyan banners flout the sky. Shak.

4. The wheather; the climate.

Thou wert better in thy grave than to answer with thy uncovered body this extremity of the skies. Shak.
&hand; Sky is often used adjectively or in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sky color, skylight, sky-aspiring, sky-born, sky-pointing, sky-roofed, etc. Sky blue, an azure color. -- Sky scraper (Naut.), a skysail of a triangular form. Totten. -- Under open sky, out of doors. "Under open sky adored." Milton. <-- sky scraper, a tall building, usu. skyscraper -->

Sky

Sky, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Skied (?) or Skyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Skying (?).]

1. To hang (a picture on exhibition) near the top of a wall, where it can not be well seen. [Colloq.]

Brother Academicians who skied his pictures. The Century.

2. To throw towards the sky; as, to sky a ball at cricket. [Colloq.]

Sky-blue

Sky"-blue (?), a. Having the blue color of the sky; azure; as, a sky-blue stone. Wordsworth.

Skyed

Skyed (?), a. Surrounded by sky. [Poetic & R.] "The skyed mountain." Thomson.

Skye terrier

Skye" ter"ri*er (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Terrier.

Skyey

Sky"ey (?), a. Like the sky; ethereal; being in the sky. "Skyey regions." Thackeray.
Sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers, Lightning, my pilot, sits. Shelley.

Sky-high

Sky"-high` (?), adv. & a. Very high. [Colloq.]

Skyish

Sky"ish, a. Like the sky, or approaching the sky; lofty; ethereal. [R.] Shak.

Skylark

Sky"lark` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A lark that mounts and sings as it files, especially the common species (Alauda arvensis) found in Europe and in some parts of Asia, and celebrated for its melodious song; -- called also sky laverock. See under Lark. &hand; The Australian skylark (Cincloramphus cantillans) is a pipit which has the habit of ascending perpendicularly like a skylark, but it lacks the song of a true lark. The Missouri skylark is a pipit (Anthus Spraguei) of the Western United States, resembling the skylark in habit and song.

Skylarking

Sky"lark"ing, n. The act of running about the rigging of a vessel in sport; hence, frolicking; scuffing; sporting; carousing. [Colloq.]

Skylight

Sky"light` (?), n. A window placed in the roof of a building, in the ceiling of a room, or in the deck of a ship, for the admission of light from above.

Skyrocket

Sky"rock`et (?), n. A rocket that ascends high and burns as it flies; a species of fireworks.

Skysail

Sky"sail (?), n. (Naut.) The sail set next above the royal. See Illust. under Sail.

Skyward

Sky"ward (?), a. & adv. Toward the sky.

Slab

Slab (?), n. [OE. slabbe, of uncertain origin; perhaps originally meaning, a smooth piece, and akin to slape, Icel. sleipr slippery, and E. slip, v. i.]

1. A thin piece of anything, especially of marble or other stone, having plane surfaces. Gwilt.

2. An outside piece taken from a log or timber in sawing it into boards, planks, etc.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]

4. (Naut.) The slack part of a sail. Slab line (Naut.), a line or small rope by which seamen haul up the foot of the mainsail or foresail. Totten.

Slab

Slab, a. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. slaib mud, mire left on a river strand, and E. slop puddle.] Thick; viscous. [Obs.]
Make the gruel thick and slab. Shak.

Slab

Slab, n. That which is slimy or viscous; moist earth; mud; also, a puddle. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Slabber

Slab"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slabbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slabbering.] [OE. slaberen; akin to LG. & D. slabbern, G. schlabbern, LG. & D. slabben, G. schlabben, Icel. slafra. Cf. Slaver, Slobber, Slubber.] To let saliva or some liquid fall from the mouth carelessly, like a child or an idiot; to drivel; to drool. [Written also slaver, and slobber.]

Slabber

Slab"ber, v. t.

1. To wet and foul spittle, or as if with spittle.

He slabbered me over, from cheek to cheek, with his great tongue. Arbuthnot.

2. To spill liquid upon; to smear carelessly; to spill, as liquid foed or drink, in careless eating or drinking.

The milk pan and cream pot so slabbered and tost That butter is wanting and cheese is half lost. Tusser.

Slabber

Slab"ber, n. Spittle; saliva; slaver.

Slabber

Slab"ber (?), n. [See 1st Slab.] (Mach.) (a) A saw for cutting slabs from logs. (b) A slabbing machine.

Slabberer

Slab"ber*er (?), n. One who slabbers, or drools; hence, an idiot.

Slabbery

Slab"ber*y (?), a. Like, or covered with, slabber or slab; slippery; sloppy.

Slabbiness

Slab"bi*ness (?), n. Quality of being slabby.

Slabbing

Slab"bing (?), a. [See 1st Slab.] Adapted for forming slabs, or for dressing flat surfaces. Slabbing machine, a milling machine.

Slabby

Slab"by (?), a. [Compar. Slabbier (?); superl. Slabbiest.] [See Slab, a.]

1. Thick; viscous.

They present you with a cup, and you must drink of a slabby stuff. Selden.

2. Sloppy; slimy; miry. See Sloppy. Gay.

Slab-sided

Slab"-sid`ed (?), a. Having flat sides; hence, tall, or long and lank. [Colloq. U. S.]

Slack

Slack (?), n. [Cf. Slag.] Small coal; also, coal dust; culm. Raymond.

Slack

Slack, n. [Icel. slakki a slope on a mountain edge.] A valley, or small, shallow dell. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Slack

Slack, a. [Compar. Slacker (?); superl. Slackest.] [OE. slak, AS. sleac; akin to OS. slak, OHG. slah, Prov. G. schlack, Icel. slakr, Sw. slak; cf. Skr. s&rsdot;j to let loose, to throw. Cf. Slake.] Lax; not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly extended; as, a slack rope.

2. Weak; not holding fast; as, a slack hand. Milton.

3. Remiss; backward; not using due diligence or care; not earnest or eager; as, slack in duty or service.

The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness. 2 Pet. iii. 9.

4. Not violent, rapid, or pressing; slow; moderate; easy; as, business is slack. "With slack pace." Chaucer.

Cslack southwest, at midnight was becalmed. Milton.
Slack in stays (Naut.), slow in going about, as a ship. -- Slack water, the time when the tide runs slowly, or the water is at rest; or the interval between the flux and reflux of the tide. -- Slack-water navigation, navigation in a stream the depth of which has been increased, and the current diminished, by a dam or dams. Syn. -- Loose; relaxed; weak; remiss; backward; abated; diminished; inactive; slow; tardy; dull.

Slack

Slack (?), adv. Slackly; as, slack dried hops.

Slack

Slack, n. The part of anything that hangs loose, having no strain upon it; as, the slack of a rope or of a sail.

Slack, Slacken

Slack (?), Slack"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slacked (?), Slackened (; p. pr. & vb. n. Slacking, Slackening.] [See Slack, a.]

1. To become slack; to be made less tense, firm, or rigid; to decrease in tension; as, a wet cord slackens in dry weather.

2. To be remiss or backward; to be negligent.

3. To lose cohesion or solidity by a chemical combination with water; to slake; as, lime slacks.

4. To abate; to become less violent.

Whence these raging fires Will slacken, if his breath stir not their flames. Milton.

5. To lose rapidity; to become more slow; as, a current of water slackens.

6. To languish; to fail; to flag.

7. To end; to cease; to desist; to slake. [Obs.]

That through your death your lineage should slack. Chaucer.
They will not of that firste purpose slack. Chaucer.

Slack, Slacken

Slack, Slack"en, v. t.

1. To render slack; to make less tense or firm; as, to slack a rope; to slacken a bandage. Wycklif (Acts xxvii. 40)

2. To neglect; to be remiss in. [Obs.] Shak.

Slack not the pressage. Dryden.

3. To deprive of cohesion by combining chemically with water; to slake; as, to slack lime.

4. To cause to become less eager; to repress; to make slow or less rapid; to retard; as, to slacken pursuit; to slacken industry. "Rancor for to slack." Chaucer.

I should be grieved, young prince, to think my presence Unbent your thoughts, and slackened 'em to arms. Addison.
In this business of growing rich, poor men should slack their pace. South.
With such delay Well plased, they slack their course. Milton.

5. To cause to become less intense; to mitigate; to abate; to ease.

To respite, or deceive, or slack thy pain Of this ill mansion. Milton.
Air-slacked lime, lime slacked by exposure to the air, in consequence of the absorption of carton dioxide and water, by which it is converted into carbonate of lime and hydrate of lime.

Slacken

Slack"en (?), n. (Metal.) A spongy, semivitrifled substance which miners or smelters mix with the ores of metals to prevent their fusion. [Written also slakin.]

Slackly

Slack"ly, adv. In a slack manner. Trench.

Slackness

Slack"ness, n. The quality or state of being slack.

Slade

Slade (?), n. [AS. sl.]

1. A little dell or valley; a flat piece of low, moist ground. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. The sole of a plow.

Slag

Slag (?), n. [Sw. slagg, or LG. slacke, whence G. schlacke; originally, perhaps, the splinters struck off from the metal by hammering. See Slay, v. t.]

1. The dross, or recrement, of a metal; also, vitrified cinders.

2. The scoria of a volcano. Slag furnace, ∨ Slag hearth (Metal.), a furnace, or hearth, for extracting lead from slags or poor ore. -- Slag wool, mineral wool. See under Mineral.

Slaggy

Slag"gy (?), a. Of or pertaining to slag; resembling slag; as, slaggy cobalt.

Slaie

Slaie (?), n. [See Sley.] A weaver's reed; a sley.

Slake

Slake (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slaking.] [OE. slaken to render slack, to slake, AS. sleacian, fr. sleac slack. See Slack, v. & a.]

1. To allay; to quench; to extinguish; as, to slake thirst. "And slake the heavenly fire." Spenser.

It could not slake mine ire nor ease my heart. Shak.

2. To mix with water, so that a true chemical combination shall take place; to slack; as, to slake lime.

Slake

Slake, v. i.

1. To go out; to become extinct. "His flame did slake." Sir T. Browne.

2. To abate; to become less decided. [R.] Shak.

3. To slacken; to become relaxed. "When the body's strongest sinews slake." [R.] Sir J. Davies.

4. To become mixed with water, so that a true chemical combination takes place; as, the lime slakes. Slake trough, a trough containing water in which a blacksmith cools a forging or tool.

Slakeless

Slake"less, a. Not capable of being slaked.

Slakin

Slak"in (?), n. (Metal.) Slacken.

Slam

Slam (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slamming.] [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. slamra, slambra, sl, Norw. slemba, slemma, dial. Sw. sl\'84mma.]

1. To shut with force and a loud noise; to bang; as, he slammed the door.

2. To put in or on some place with force and loud noise; -- usually with down; as, to slam a trunk down on the pavement.

3. To strike with some implement with force; hence, to beat or cuff. [Prov. Eng.]

4. To strike down; to slaughter. [Prov. Eng.]

5. To defeat (opponents at cards) by winning all the tricks of a deal or a hand. Hoyle. To slam to, to shut or close with a slam. "He slammed to the door." W. D. Howells.

Slam

Slam, v. i. To come or swing against something, or to shut, with sudden force so as to produce a shock and noise; as, a door or shutter slams.

Slam

Slam, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, slams.

2. The shock and noise produced in slamming.

The slam and the scowl were lost upon Sam. Dickens.

3. (Card Playing) Winning all the tricks of a deal.

4. The refuse of alum works. [Prov. Eng.]

Slam-bang

Slam"-bang` (?), adv. With great violence; with a slamming or banging noise. [Colloq.]

Slamkin, Slammerkin

Slam"kin (?), Slam"mer*kin (?), n. [Cf. G. schlampe, schlamp, dim. schl\'84mpchen; schlampen to dangle, to be slovenly in one's dress.] A slut; a slatternly woman. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Slander

Slan"der (?), n. [OE. sclandere, OF. esclandre, esclandle, escandre, F. esclandre, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. skand to spring, leap. See Scan, and cf. Scandal.]

1. A false tale or report maliciously uttered, tending to injure the reputation of another; the malicious utterance of defamatory reports; the dissemination of malicious tales or suggestions to the injury of another.

Whether we speak evil of a man to his face or behind his back; the former way, indeed, seems to be the most generous, but yet is a great fault, and that which we call "reviling;" the latter is more mean and base, and that which we properly call "slander", or "Backbiting." Tillotson.
[We] make the careful magistrate The mark of slander. B. Jonson.
Page 1352

2. Disgrace; reproach; dishonor; opprobrium.

Thou slander of thy mother's heavy womb. Shak.

3. (Law) Formerly, defamation generally, whether oral or written; in modern usage, defamation by words spoken; utterance of false, malicious, and defamatory words, tending to the damage and derogation of another; calumny. See the Note under Defamation. Burril.

Slander

Slan"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slandering.]

1. To defame; to injure by maliciously uttering a false report; to tarnish or impair the reputation of by false tales maliciously told or propagated; to calumniate.

O, do not slander him, for he is kind. Shak.

2. To bring discredit or shame upon by one's acts.

Tax not so bad a voice To slander music any more than once. Shak.
Syn. -- To asperse; defame; calumniate; vilify; malign; belie; scandalize; reproach. See Asperse.

Slanderer

Slan"der*er (?), n. One who slanders; a defamer; a calumniator. Jer. Taylor.

Slanderous

Slan"der*ous (?), a.

1. Given or disposed to slander; uttering slander. "Slanderous tongue." Shak.

2. Embodying or containing slander; calumnious; as, slanderous words, speeches, or reports. -- Slan"der*ous*ly, adv. -- Slan"der*ous*ness, n.

Slang

Slang (?), imp. of Sling. Slung. [Archaic]

Slang

Slang, n. Any long, narrow piece of land; a promontory. [Local, Eng.] Holland.

Slang

Slang, n. [Cf. Sling.] A fetter worn on the leg by a convict. [Eng.]

Slang

Slang, n. [Said to be of Gypsy origin; but probably from Scand., and akin to E. sling; cf. Norw. sleng a slinging, an invention, device, slengja to sling, to cast, slengja kjeften (literally, to sling the jaw) to use abusive language, to use slang, slenjeord (ord = word) an insulting word, a new word that has no just reason for being.] Low, vulgar, unauthorized language; a popular but unauthorized word, phrase, or mode of expression; also, the jargon of some particular calling or class in society; low popular cant; as, the slang of the theater, of college, of sailors, etc.

Slang

Slang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slanging.] To address with slang or ribaldry; to insult with vulgar language. [Colloq.]
Every gentleman abused by a cabman or slanged by a bargee was bound there and then to take off his coat and challenge him to fisticuffs. London Spectator.

Slanginess

Slang"i*ness (?), n. Quality of being slangy.

Slangous

Slan"gous (?), a. Slangy. [R.] John Bee.

Slang-whanger

Slang"-whang`er (?), n. [Slang + whang to beat.] One who uses abusive slang; a ranting partisan. [Colloq. or Humorous] W. Irving.

Slangy

Slang"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to slang; of the nature of slang; disposed to use slang. [Written also slangey.]

Slank

Slank (?), imp. & p. p. of Slink.

Slant

Slant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Slanting.] [OE. slenten to slope, slide; cf. Sw. slinta to slide.] To be turned or inclined from a right line or level; to lie obliquely; to slope.
On the side of younder slanting hill. Dodsley.

Slant

Slant, v. t. To turn from a direct line; to give an oblique or sloping direction to; as, to slant a line.

Slant

Slant, n.

1. A slanting direction or plane; a slope; as, it lies on a slant.

2. An oblique reflection or gibe; a sarcastic remark. Slant or wind, a local variation of the wind from its general direction.

Slant

Slant, a. [Cf. dial. Sw. slant. See Slant, v. i.] Inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal or perpendicular; sloping; oblique. "The slant lightning." Milton.

Slanting

Slant"ing, a. Oblique; sloping. -- Slant"ing*ly, adv.

Slantwise, Slantly

Slant"wise` (?), Slant"ly, adv. In an inclined direction; obliquely; slopingly.

Slap

Slap (?), n. [OE. slappe; akin to LG. slappe, G. schlappe; probably of imitative origin.] A blow, esp. one given with the open hand, or with something broad.

Slap

Slap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slapping.] To strike with the open hand, or with something broad.

Slap

Slap, adv. [Cf. LG. slap, G. schlapp. See Slap, n.] With a sudden and violent blow; hence, quickly; instantly; directly. [Colloq.] "The railroad cars drive slap into the city." Thackeray.

Slapdash

Slap"dash` (?), adv. [Slap + dash.]

1. In a bold, careless manner; at random. [Colloq.]

2. With a slap; all at once; slap. [Colloq.] Prior.

Slapdash

Slap"dash`, v. t. To apply, or apply something to, in a hasty, careless, or rough manner; to roughcast; as, to slapdash mortar or paint on a wall, or to slapdash a wall. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

Slape

Slape (?), a. [Icel. sleipr slippery; akin to E. slip.] Slippery; smooth; crafty; hypocritical. [Prov. Eng.] Slape ale, plain ale, as opposed to medicated or mixed ale. [Prov. Eng.]

Slapeface

Slape"face` (?), n. A soft-spoken, crafty hypocrite. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Slapjack

Slap"jack` (?), n. A flat batter cake cooked on a griddle; a flapjack; a griddlecake. [Local, U.S.]

Slapper

Slap"per (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, slaps.

2. Anything monstrous; a whopper. [Slang] Grose.

Slapper, Slapping

Slap"per (?), Slap"ping (?), a. Very large; monstrous; big. [Slang.]

Slash

Slash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slashing.] [OE. slaschen, of uncertain origin; cf. OF. esclachier to break, esclechier, esclichier, to break, and E. slate, slice, slit, v. t.]

1. To cut by striking violently and at random; to cut in long slits.

2. To lash; to ply the whip to. [R.] King.

3. To crack or snap, as a whip. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Slash

Slash, v. i. To strike violently and at random, esp. with an edged instrument; to lay about one indiscriminately with blows; to cut hastily and carelessly.
Hewing and slashing at their idle shades. Spenser.

Slash

Slash, n.

1. A long cut; a cut made at random.

2. A large slit in the material of any garment, made to show the lining through the openings.

3. [Cf. Slashy.] pl. Swampy or wet lands overgrown with bushes. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

Slashed

Slashed (?), a.

1. Marked or cut with a slash or slashes; deeply gashed; especially, having long, narrow openings, as a sleeve or other part of a garment, to show rich lining or under vesture.

A gray jerkin, with scarlet and slashed sleeves. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Bot.) Divided into many narrow parts or segments by sharp incisions; laciniate.

Slasher

Slash"er (?), n. (Textile Manuf.) A machine for applying size to warp yarns.

Slash pine

Slash" pine" (?). (Bot.) A kind of pine tree (Pinus Cubensis) found in Southern Florida and the West Indies; -- so called because it grows in "slashes."

Slashy

Slash"y (?), a. [Cf. Sw. slaska to dabble in water. Cf. Slush.] Wet and dirty; slushy. [Prov. Eng.]

Slat

Slat (?), n. [CF. Slot a bar.] A thin, narrow strip or bar of wood or metal; as, the slats of a window blind.

Slat

Slat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Slatting.] [OE. slatten; cf. Icel. sletta to slap, to dab.]

1. To slap; to strike; to beat; to throw down violently. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

How did you kill him? Slat[t]ed his brains out. Marston.

2. To split; to crack. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. To set on; to incite. See 3d Slate. [Prov. Eng.]

Slatch

Slatch (?), n. [See Slack.] (Naut.) (a) The period of a transitory breeze. (b) An interval of fair weather. (c) The loose or slack part of a rope; slack.

Slate

Slate (?), n. [OE. slat, OF. esclat a shiver, splinter, F. \'82clat, fr. OF. esclater to shiver, to chip, F. \'82clater, fr. OHG. sliezen to tear, slit, split, fr. sl\'c6zan to slit, G. schleissen. See Slit, v. t., and cf. Eclat.]

1. (Min.) An argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin plates; argillite; argillaceous schist.

2. Any rock or stone having a slaty structure.

3. A prepared piece of such stone. Especially: (a) A thin, flat piece, for roofing or covering houses, etc. (b) A tablet for writing upon.

4. An artificial material, resembling slate, and used for the above purposes.

5. A thin plate of any material; a flake. [Obs.]

6. (Politics) A list of candidates, prepared for nomination or for election; a list of candidates, or a programme of action, devised beforehand. [Cant, U.S.] Bartlett. Adhesive slate (Min.), a kind of slate of a greenish gray color, which absorbs water rapidly, and adheres to the tongue; whence the name. -- Aluminous slate, ∨ Alum slate (Min.), a kind of slate containing sulphate of alumina, -- used in the manufacture of alum. -- Bituminous slate (Min.), a soft species of sectile clay slate, impregnated with bitumen. -- Hornblende slate (Min.), a slaty rock, consisting essentially of hornblende and feldspar, useful for flagging on account of its toughness. -- Slate ax ∨ axe, a mattock with an ax end, used in shaping slates for roofs, and making holes in them for the nails. -- Slate clay (Geol.), an indurated clay, forming one of the alternating beds of the coal measures, consisting of an infusible compound of alumina and silica, and often used for making fire bricks. Tomlinson. -- Slate globe, a globe the surface of which is made of an artificial slatelike material. -- Slate pencil, a pencil of slate, or of soapstone, used for writing on a slate. -- Slate rocks (Min.), rocks which split into thin lamin\'91, not necessarily parallel to the stratification; foliated rocks. -- Slate spar (Min.), a variety of calcite of silvery white luster and of a slaty structure. -- Transparent slate, a plate of translucent material, as ground glass, upon which a copy of a picture, placed beneath it, can be made by tracing.

Slate

Slate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slated; p. pr. & vb. n. Slating.]

1. To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe.

2. To register (as on a slate and subject to revision), for an appointment. [Polit. Cant]

Slate

Slate, v. t. [Cf. AS. sl&aemac;ting a privilege of hunting.] To set a dog upon; to bait; to slat. See 2d Slat, 3. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [Written also slete.] Ray. <-- 2. To schedule. 3. To reserve or designate for a specific purpose. -->

Slate-color

Slate"-col`or (?). A dark bluish gray color.

Slate-gray

Slate"-gray` (?), a. Of a dark gray, like slate.

Slater

Slat"er (?), n. One who lays slates, or whose occupation is to slate buildings.

Slater

Slat"er, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any terrestrial isopod crustacean of the genus Porcellio and allied genera; a sow bug.

Slating

Slat"ing, n.

1. The act of covering with slate, slates, or a substance resembling slate; the work of a slater.

2. Slates, collectively; also, material for slating.

Slatt

Slatt (?), n. [See Slat a strip of board.] A slab of stone used as a veneer for coarse masonry. Knight.

Slatter

Slat"ter (?), v. i. [E. slat to throw or dash about.] To be careless, negligent, or aswkward, esp. with regard to dress and neatness; to be wasteful. Ray.

Slattern

Slat"tern (?), n. A woman who is negligent of her dress or house; one who is not neat and nice.

Slattern

Slat"tern, a. Resembling a slattern; sluttish; slatterny. "The slattern air." Gay.

Slattern

Slat"tern (?), v. t. To consume carelessly or wastefully; to waste; -- with away. [R.] Chesterfield.

Slatternliness

Slat"tern*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being slatternly; slovenliness; untidiness.

Slatternly

Slat"tern*ly, a. Resembling a slattern; sluttish; negligent; dirty. -- adv. In a slatternly manner.

Slatterpouch

Slat"ter*pouch` (?), n. A dance or game played by boys, requiring active exercise. [Obs.] Gayton.

Slatting

Slat"ting (?), Slats, collectively.

Slatting

Slat"ting, n. The violent shaking or flapping of anything hanging loose in the wind, as of a sail, when being hauled down.

Slaty

Slat"y (?), a. [From Slate.] Resembling slate; having the nature, appearance, or properties, of slate; composed of thin parallel plates, capable of being separated by splitting; as, a slaty color or texture. Slaty cleavage (Min.), cleavage, as of rocks, into thin leaves or plates, like those of slate; -- applied especially to those cases in which the planes of cleavage are not parallel to the planes of stratification. It is now believed to be caused by the compression which the strata have undergone. -- Slaty gneiss (Min.), a variety of gneiss in which the scales of mica or crystals of hornblende, which are usually minute, form thin lamin\'91, rendering the rock easily cleavable.

Slaughter

Slaugh"ter (?), n. [OE. slautir, slaughter, slaghter, Icel. sl\'betr slain flesh, modified by OE. slaught, slaht, slaughter, fr. AS. sleaht a stroke, blow; both from the root of E. slay. See Slay, v. t., and cf. Onslaught.] The act of killing. Specifically: (a) The extensive, violent, bloody, or wanton destruction of life; carnage.
On war and mutual slaughter bent. Milton.
(b) The act of killing cattle or other beasts for market. Syn. -- Carnage; massacre; butchery; murder; havoc.

Slaughter

Slaugh"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slaughtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slaughtering.]

1. To visit with great destruction of life; to kill; to slay in battle.

Your castle is surprised; your wife and babes Savagely slaughtered. Shak.

2. To butcher; to kill for the market, as beasts.

Slaughterer

Slaugh"ter*er (?), n. One who slaughters.

Slaughterhouse

Slaugh"ter*house` (?), n. A house where beasts are butchered for the market.

Slaughterman

Slaugh"ter*man (?), n.; pl. Slaughtermen (. One employed in slaughtering. Shak.

Slaughterous

Slaugh"ter*ous (?), a. Destructive; murderous. Shak. M. Arnold. -- Slaugh"ter*ous*ly, adv.

Slav

Slav (?), n.;pl. Slavs (#). [A word originally meaning, intelligible, and used to contrast the people so called with foreigners who spoke languages unintelligible to the Slavs; akin to OSlav. slovo a word, slava fame, Skr. &cced;ru to hear. Cf. Loud.] (Ethnol.) One of a race of people occupying a large part of Eastern and Northern Europe, including the Russians, Bulgarians, Roumanians, Servo-Croats, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Wends or Sorbs, Slovaks, etc. [Written also Slave, and Sclav.]

Slave

Slave (?), n. See Slav.

Slave

Slave (?), n. [Cf. F. esclave, D. slaaf, Dan. slave, sclave, Sw. slaf, all fr. G. sklave, MHG. also slave, from the national name of the Slavonians, or Sclavonians (in LL. Slavi or Sclavi), who were frequently made slaves by the Germans. See Slav.]

1. A person who is held in bondage to another; one who is wholly subject to the will of another; one who is held as a chattel; one who has no freedom of action, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another.

thou our slave, Our captive, at the public mill our drudge? Milton.

2. One who has lost the power of resistance; one who surrenders himself to any power whatever; as, a slave to passion, to lust, to strong drink, to ambition.

3. A drudge; one who labors like a slave.

4. An abject person; a wretch. Shak. Slave ant (Zo\'94l.), any species of ants which is captured and enslaved by another species, especially Formica fusca of Europe and America, which is commonly enslaved by Formica sanguinea. -- Slave catcher, one who attempted to catch and bring back a fugitive slave to his master. -- Slave coast, part of the western coast of Africa to which slaves were brought to be sold to foreigners. -- Slave driver, one who superintends slaves at their work; hence, figuratively, a cruel taskmaster. -- Slave hunt. (a) A search after persons in order to reduce them to slavery. Barth. (b) A search after fugitive slaves, often conducted with bloodhounds. -- Slave ship, a vessel employed in the slave trade or used for transporting slaves; a slaver. -- Slave trade, the busines of dealing in slaves, especially of buying them for transportation from their homes to be sold elsewhere. -- Slave trader, one who traffics in slaves. Syn. -- Bond servant; bondman; bondslave; captive; henchman; vassal; dependent; drudge. See Serf.

Slave

Slave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slaving.] To drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave.

Slave

Slave, v. t. To enslave. Marston.

Slaveborn

Slave"born` (?), a. Born in slavery.

Slaveholder

Slave"hold`er (?), n. One who holds slaves.

Slaveholding

Slave"hold`ing, a. Holding persons in slavery.

Slaveocracy

Slave*oc"ra*cy (?), n. See Slavocracy.

Slaver

Slav"er (?), n.

1. A vessel engaged in the slave trade; a slave ship.

2. A person engaged in the purchase and sale of slaves; a slave merchant, or slave trader.

The slaver's hand was on the latch, He seemed in haste to go. Longfellow.

Slaver

Slav"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slavering.] [Cf. Icel. slafra. See Slabber.]

1. To suffer spittle, etc., to run from the mouth.

2. To be besmeared with saliva. Shak.

Slaver

Slav"er, v. t. To smear with saliva issuing from the mouth; to defile with drivel; to slabber.

Slaver

Slav"er, n. Saliva driveling from the mouth.
Of all mad creatures, if the learned are right, It is the slaver kills, and not the bite. Pope.

Slaverer

Slav"er*er (?), n. A driveler; an idiot.
Page 1353

Slavering

Slav"er*ing (?), a. Drooling; defiling with saliva. -- Slav"er*ing*ly, adv.

Slavery

Slav"er*y (?), n.; pl. Slaveries (#). [See 2d Slave.]

1. The condition of a slave; the state of entire subjection of one person to the will of another.

Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, slavery, said I, still thou art a bitter draught! Sterne.
I wish, from my soul, that the legislature of this state [Virginia] could see the policy of a gradual abolition of slavery. It might prevent much future mischief. Washington.

2. A condition of subjection or submission characterized by lack of freedom of action or of will.

The vulgar slaveries rich men submit to. C. Lever.
There is a slavery that no legislation can abolish, -- the slavery of caste. G. W. Cable.

3. The holding of slaves. Syn. -- Bondage; servitude; inthrallment; enslavement; captivity; bond service; vassalage.

Slavey

Slav"ey (?), n. A maidservant. [Colloq. & Jocose Eng.]

Slavic

Slav"ic (?), a. Slavonic. -- n. The group of allied languages spoken by the Slavs.

Slavish

Slav"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to slaves; such as becomes or befits a slave; servile; excessively laborious; as, a slavish life; a slavish dependance on the great. -- Slav"ish*ly, adv. -- Slav"ish*ness, n.

Slavism

Slav"ism (?), n. The common feeling and interest of the Slavonic race.

Slavocracy

Slav*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Slave + -cracy, as in democracy.] The persons or interest formerly representing slavery politically, or wielding political power for the preservation or advancement of slavery. [U. S.]

Slavonian, Slavonic

Sla*vo"ni*an (?), Sla*von"ic (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to Slavonia, or its inhabitants.

2. Of or pertaining to the Slavs, or their language.

Slavonian

Sla*vo"ni*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Slavonia; ethnologically, a Slav.

Slavophil, Slavophile

Slav"o*phil (?), Slav"o*phile (?), n. [Slavic + Gr. One, not being a Slav, who is interested in the development and prosperity of that race.

Slaw

Slaw (?), n. [D. sla, contr. fr. salade, OD. salaet, salad. See Salad.] Sliced cabbage served as a salad, cooked or uncooked.

Slaw, Slawen

Slaw, Slaw"en (?), obs. p. p. of Slee, to slay.
With a sword drawn out he would have slaw himself. Wyclif (Acts xvi. 27.)

Slay

Slay (?), v. t. [imp. Slew (?); p. p. Slain (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slaying.] [OE. slan, sl, sleen, slee, AS. sle\'a0n to strike, beat, slay; akin to OFries. sl\'be, D. slaan, OS. & OHG. slahan, G. schlagen, Icel. sl\'be, Dan. slaae, Sw. sl, Goth. slahan; perhaps akin to L. lacerare to tear to pieces, Gr. lacerate. Cf. Slaughter, Sledge a hammer, Sley.] To put to death with a weapon, or by violence; hence, to kill; to put an end to; to destroy.
With this sword then will I slay you both. Chaucer.
I will slay the last of them with the sword. Amos ix. 1.
I'll slay more gazers than the basilisk. Shak.
Syn. -- To kill; murder; slaughter; butcher.

Slayer

Slay"er (?), n. One who slays; a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.

Slazy

Sla"zy (?), a. See Sleazy.

Sle

Sle (?), v. t. To slay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sleave

Sleave (?), n. [Cf. Dan. sl\'94if, a knot loop, Sw. slejf, G. schleife a knot, silding knot, and E. slip, v.i.] (a) The knotted or entangled part of silk or thread. (b) Silk not yet twisted; floss; -- called also sleave silk.
Sleep that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care. Shak.

Sleave

Sleave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sleaving.] To separate, as threads; to divide, as a collection of threads; to sley; -- a weaver's term.

Sleaved

Sleaved (?), a. Raw; not spun or wrought; as, sleaved thread or silk. Holinshed.

Sleaziness

Slea"zi*ness (?), n. Quality of being sleazy.

Sleazy

Slea"zy (?), a. [Cf. G. schleissig worn out, threadbare, from schleissen to slit, split, decay, or E. leasy.] Wanting firmness of texture or substance; thin; flimsy; as, sleazy silk or muslin. [Spelt also slazy.]

Sled

Sled (?), n. [Akin to D. slede, G. schlitten, OHG. slito, Icel. sle, Sw. sl\'84de, Dan. sl, and E. slide, v. See Slide, and cf. Sledge a vehicle, Sleigh.]

1. A vehicle on runners, used for conveying loads over the snow or ice; -- in England called sledge.

2. A small, light vehicle with runners, used, mostly by young persons, for sliding on snow or ice.

Sled

Sled, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sledded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sledding.] To convey or transport on a sled; as, to sled wood or timber.

Sledding

Sled"ding (?), n.

1. The act of transporting or riding on a sled.

2. The state of the snow which admits of the running of sleds; as, the sledding is good.

Sledge

Sledge (?), n. [Perhaps from sleds, pl. of sled, confused with sledge a hammer. See Sled, n.]

1. A strong vehicle with low runners or low wheels; or one without wheels or runners, made of plank slightly turned up at one end, used for transporting loads upon the snow, ice, or bare ground; a sled.

2. A hurdle on which, formerly, traitors were drawn to the place of execution. [Eng.] Sir W. Scott.

3. A sleigh. [Eng.]

4. A game at cards; -- called also old sledge, and all fours. <-- also called seven-up. See def above. -->

Sledge

Sledge (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Sledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sledging.] To travel or convey in a sledge or sledges. Howitt.

Sledge

Sledge, n. [AS. slecge,from sle\'a0n to strike, beat. See Slay, v. t.] A large, heavy hammer, usually wielded with both hands; -- called also sledge hammer.
With his heavy sledge he can it beat. Spenser.

Slee

Slee (?), v. t. [See Slay.] To slay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sleek

Sleek (?), a. [Compar. Sleeker (?); superl. Sleekest.] [OE. slik; akin to Icel. sl\'c6kr, and OE. sliken to glide, slide, G. schleichen, OHG. sl\'c6hhan, D. slik, slijk, mud, slime, and E. slink. Cf. Slick, Slink.]

1. Having an even, smooth surface; smooth; hence, glossy; as, sleek hair. Chaucer.

So sleek her skin, so faultless was her make. Dryden.

2. Not rough or harsh.

Those rugged names to our like mouths grow sleek. Milton.

Sleek

Sleek, adv. With ease and dexterity. [Low]

Sleek

Sleek, n. That which makes smooth; varnish. [R.]

Sleek

Sleek, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleeked (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeking.] To make even and smooth; to render smooth, soft, and glossy; to smooth over.
Sleeking her soft alluring locks. Milton.
Gentle, my lord, sleek o'er your rugged looks. Shak.

Sleekly

Sleek"ly, adv. In a sleek manner; smoothly.

Sleekness

Sleek"ness, n. The quality or state of being sleek; smoothness and glossiness of surface.

Sleeky

Sleek"y (?), a.

1. Of a sleek, or smooth, and glossy appearance. Thomson.

2. Fawning and deceitful; sly. [Scot.]

Sleep

Sleep (?), obs. imp. of Sleep. Slept. Chaucer.

Sleep

Sleep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slept (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeping.] [OE. slepen, AS. sl; akin to OFries. sl, OS. sl\'bepan, D. slapen, OHG. sl\'befan, G. schlafen, Goth. sl, and G. schlaff slack, loose, and L. labi to glide, slide, labare to totter. Cf. Lapse.]

1. To take rest by a suspension of the voluntary exercise of the powers of the body and mind, and an apathy of the organs of sense; to slumber. Chaucer.

Watching at the head of these that sleep. Milton.

2. Figuratively: (a) To be careless, inattentive, or uncouncerned; not to be vigilant; to live thoughtlessly.

We sleep over our happiness. Atterbury.
(b) To be dead; to lie in the grave.
Them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him. 1 Thess. iv. 14.
(c) To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet; to be unemployed, unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie dormant; as, a question sleeps for the present; the law sleeps.
How sweet the moonlight sleep upon this bank! Shak.

Sleep

Sleep, v. t.

1. To be slumbering in; -- followed by a cognate object; as, to sleep a dreamless sleep. Tennyson.

2. To give sleep to; to furnish with accomodations for sleeping; to lodge. [R.] Blackw. Mag. To sleep away, to spend in sleep; as, to sleep away precious time. -- To sleep off, to become free from by sleep; as, to sleep off drunkeness or fatigue.

Sleep

Sleep, n. [AS. sl; akin to OFries. sl, OS. sl\'bep, D. slaap, OHG. sl\'bef, G. schlaf, Goth. sl. See Sleep, v. i.] A natural and healthy, but temporary and periodical, suspension of the functions of the organs of sense, as well as of those of the voluntary and rational soul; that state of the animal in which there is a lessened acuteness of sensory perception, a confusion of ideas, and a loss of mental control, followed by a more or less unconscious state. "A man that waketh of his sleep." Chaucer.
O sleep, thou ape of death. Shak.
&hand; Sleep is attended by a relaxation of the muscles, and the absence of voluntary activity for any rational objects or purpose. The pulse is slower, the respiratory movements fewer in number but more profound, and there is less blood in the cerebral vessels. It is susceptible of greater or less intensity or completeness in its control of the powers. <-- the dreaming portions of sleep occurs periodically, and is associated with "rapid eye movements" (REM), and in this state the sleeper is more easily wakened; the dreamiong alternates with a more profound sleep, from which it is more difficult to awake the sleeper. --> Sleep of plants (Bot.), a state of plants, usually at night, when their leaflets approach each other, and the flowers close and droop, or are covered by the folded leaves. Syn. -- Slumber; repose; rest; nap; doze; drowse.

Sleep-at-noon

Sleep"-at-noon" (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Tragopogon pratensis) which closes its flowers at midday; a kind of goat's beard. Dr. Prior.

Sleep-charged

Sleep"-charged` (?), a. Heavy with sleep.

Sleeper

Sleep"er (?), n.

1. One who sleeps; a slumberer; hence, a drone, or lazy person.

2. That which lies dormant, as a law. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. A sleeping car. [Colloq. U.S.]

4. (Zo\'94l.) An animal that hibernates, as the bear.

5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large fresh-water gobioid fish (Eleotris dormatrix). (b) A nurse shark. See under Nurse.

Sleeper

Sleep"er, n. [Cf. Norw. sleip a sleeper (a timber), as adj., slippery, smooth. See Slape.] Something lying in a reclining posture or position. Specifically: -- (a) One of the pieces of timber, stone, or iron, on or near the level of the ground, for the support of some superstructure, to steady framework, to keep in place the rails of a railway, etc.; a stringpiece. (b) One of the joists, or roughly shaped timbers, laid directly upon the ground, to receive the flooring of the ground story. [U.S.] (c) (Naut.) One of the knees which connect the transoms to the after timbers on the ship's quarter. (d) (Naut.) The lowest, or bottom, tier of casks.

Sleepful

Sleep"ful (?), a. Strongly inclined to sleep; very sleepy. -- Sleep"ful*ness, n.

Sleepily

Sleep"i*ly (?), adv. In a sleepy manner; drowsily.

Sleepiness

Sleep"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being sleepy.

Sleeping

Sleep"ing, a. & n. from Sleep. Sleeping car, a railway car or carrriage, arranged with apartments and berths for sleeping. -- Sleeping partner (Com.), a dormant partner. See under Dormant. -- Sleeping table (Mining), a stationary inclined platform on which pulverized ore is washed; a kind of buddle.

Sleepish

Sleep"ish (?), a. Disposed to sleep; sleepy; drowsy.
Your sleepish, and more than sleepish, security. Ford.

Sleepless

Sleep"less, a.

1. Having no sleep; wakeful.

2. Having no rest; perpetually agitated. "Biscay's sleepless bay." Byron. -- Sleep"less*ly, adv. -- Sleep"less*ness, n.

Sleepmarken

Sleep"mark`en (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See 1st Hag, 4.

Sleepwaker

Sleep"wak`er (?), n. On in a state of magnetic or mesmeric sleep.

Sleepwaking

Sleep"wak`ing, n. The state of one mesmerized, or in a partial and morbid sleep.

Sleepwalker

Sleep"walk`er (?), n. One who walks in his sleep; a somnambulist.

Sleepwalking

Sleep"walk`ing, n. Walking in one's sleep.

Sleepy

Sleep"y (?), a. [Compar. Sleepier (?); superl. Sleepiest.] [AS. sl. See Sleep, n.]

1. Drowsy; inclined to, or overcome by, sleep. Shak.

She waked her sleepy crew. Dryden.

2. Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; as, a sleepy drink or potion. Chaucer.

3. Dull; lazy; heavy; sluggish. Shak.

'Tis not sleepy business; But must be looked to speedily and strongly. Shak.

4. Characterized by an absence of watchfulness; as, sleepy security. Sleepy duck (Zo\'94l.), the ruddy duck.

Sleepyhead

Sleep"y*head` (?), n.

1. A sleepy person.

To bed, to bed, says Sleepyhead. Mother Goose.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The ruddy duck.

Sleer

Sle"er (?), n. A slayer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sleet

Sleet (?), n. (Gun.) The part of a mortar extending from the chamber to the trunnions.

Sleet

Sleet, n. [OE. sleet; akin to MHG. sl, sl hailstone, G. schlosse; of uncertain origin.] Hail or snow, mingled with rain, usually falling, or driven by the wind, in fine particles.

Sleet

Sleet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sleeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeting.] To snow or hail with a mixture of rain.

Sleetch

Sleetch (?), n. [Cf. Slush, Slutch.] Mud or slime, such as that at the bottom of rivers. [Scot.]

Sleetiness

Sleet"i*ness (?), n. The state of being sleety.

Sleety

Sleet"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to sleet; characterized by sleet; as, a sleety storm; sleety weather.

Sleeve

Sleeve (?), n. See Sleave, untwisted thread.

Sleeve

Sleeve, n. [OE. sleeve, sleve, AS. sl, sl; akin to sl to put on, to clothe; cf. OD. sloove the turning up of anything, sloven to turn up one's sleeves, sleve a sleeve, G. schlaube a husk, pod.]

1. The part of a garment which covers the arm; as, the sleeve of a coat or a gown. Chaucer.

2. A narrow channel of water. [R.]

The Celtic Sea, called oftentimes the Sleeve. Drayton.

3. (Mach.) (a) A tubular part made to cover, sustain, or steady another part, or to form a connection between two parts. (b) A long bushing or thimble, as in the nave of a wheel. (c) A short piece of pipe used for covering a joint, or forming a joint between the ends of two other pipes. Sleeve button, a detachable button to fasten the wristband or cuff. -- Sleeve links, two bars or buttons linked together, and used to fasten a cuff or wristband. -- To laugh in the sleeve, to laugh privately or unperceived, especially while apparently preserving a grave or serious demeanor toward the person or persons laughed at; that is, perhaps, originally, by hiding the face in the wide sleeves of former times. -- To pin, ∨ hang, on the sleeve of, to be, or make, dependent upon.

Sleeve

Sleeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleeved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sleeving.] To furnish with sleeves; to put sleeves into; as, to sleeve a coat.

Sleeved

Sleeved (?), a. Having sleeves; furnished with sleeves; -- often in composition; as, long-sleeved.

Sleevefish

Sleeve"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A squid.

Sleevehand

Sleeve"hand` (?), n. The part of a sleeve nearest the hand; a cuff or wristband. [Obs.] Shak.

Sleeveless

Sleeve"less, a. [AS. sl.]

1. Having no sleeves.

2. Wanting a cover, pretext, or palliation; unreasonable; profitless; bootless; useless. [Obs.] Shak.

The vexation of a sleeveless errand. Bp. Warburton.

Sleid

Sleid (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sleided; p. pr. & vb. n. Sleiding.] [See Sley.] To sley, or prepare for use in the weaver's sley, or slaie. Shak.

Sleigh

Sleigh (?), a. Sly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sleigh

Sleigh (?), n. [Cf. D. & LG. slede, slee, Icel. sle. See Sled.] A vehicle moved on runners, and used for transporting persons or goods on snow or ice; -- in England commonly called a sledge. Sleigh bell, a small bell attached either to a horse when drawing a slegh, or to the sleigh itself; especially a globular bell with a loose ball which plays inside instead of a clapper.

Sleighing

Sleigh"ing, n.

1. The act of riding in a sleigh.

2. The state of the snow or ice which admits of running sleighs.

Sleight

Sleight (?), n. [OE. sleighte, sleihte, sleithe, Icel. sl (for sl) slyness, cunning, fr. sl (for sl) sly, cunning. See Sly.]

1. Cunning; craft; artful practice. [Obs.] "His sleight and his covin." Chaucer.

2. An artful trick; sly artifice; a feat so dexterous that the manner of performance escapes observation.

The world hath many subtle sleights. Latimer.

3. Dexterous practice; dexterity; skill. Chaucer. "The juggler's sleight." Hudibras. Sleight of hand, legerdemain; prestidigitation.

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Sleigtful

Sleigt"ful (?), a. Cunning; dexterous. [Obs.]

Sleightly

Sleight"ly (?), adv. Cinningly. [Obs.] Huloet.

Sleighty

Sleight"y (?), a. Cinning; sly. [Obs.] Huloet.

Slender

Slen"der (?), a. [Compar. Slenderer (?); superl. Slenderest.] [OE. slendre, sclendre, fr. OD. slinder thin, slender, perhaps through a French form; cf. OD. slinderen, slidderen, to creep; perh. akin to E. slide.]

1. Small or narrow in proportion to the length or the height; not thick; slim; as, a slender stem or stalk of a plant. "A slender, choleric man." Chaucer.

She, as a veil down to the slender waist, Her unadorned golden tresses wore. Milton.

2. Weak; feeble; not strong; slight; as, slender hope; a slender constitution.

Mighty hearts are held in slender chains. Pope.
They have inferred much from slender premises. J. H. Newman.
The slender utterance of the consonants. J. Byrne.

3. Moderate; trivial; inconsiderable; slight; as, a man of slender intelligence.

A slender degree of patience will enable him to enjoy both the humor and the pathos. Sir W. Scott.

4. Small; inadequate; meager; pitiful; as, slender means of support; a slender pittance.

Frequent begging makes slender alms. Fuller.

5. Spare; abstemious; frugal; as, a slender diet.

The good Ostorius often deigned To grace my slender table with his presence. Philips.

6. (Phon.) Uttered with a thin tone; -- the opposite of broad; as, the slender vowels long e and i. -- Slen"der*ly, adv. -- Slen"der*ness, n.

Slent

Slent (?), n. & v. See Slant. [Obs.]

Slep

Slep (?), obs. imp. of Sleep. Slept. Chaucer.

Slepez

Sle*pez" (?), n. [Russ. sliepets'.] (Zo\'94l.) A burrowing rodent (Spalax typhlus), native of Russia and Asia Minor. It has the general appearance of a mole, and is destitute of eyes. Called also mole rat.

Slept

Slept (?), imp. & p. p. of Sleep.

Sleuth

Sleuth (?), n. [Icel. sl&omac;&edh;. See Slot a track.] The track of man or beast as followed by the scent. [Scot.] Halliwell.

Sleuthhound

Sleuth"hound` (?), n. [See Sleuth, and cf. Slothound.] (Zo\'94l.) A hound that tracks animals by the scent; specifically, a bloodhound. [Spelt variously slouthhound, sluthhound, etc.]

Slew

Slew (?), imp. of Slay.

Slew

Slew, v. t. See Slue.

Slewed

Slewed (?), a. Somewhat drunk. [Slang]

Slewth

Slewth (?), n. Sloth; idleness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sley

Sley (?), n. [AS. sl, fr. sle\'a0n to strike. See Slay, v. t.]

1. A weaver's reed. [Spelt also slaie.]

2. A guideway in a knitting machine. Knight.

Sley

Sley, v. t. To separate or part the threads of, and arrange them in a reed; -- a term used by weavers. See Sleave, and Sleid.

Slibber

Slib"ber (?), a. Slippery. [Obs.] Holland.

Slice

Slice (?), n. [OE. slice, sclice, OF. esclice, from esclicier, esclichier, to break to pieces, of German origin; cf. OHG. sl\'c6zan to split, slit, tear, G. schleissen to slit. See Slit, v. t.]

1. A thin, broad piece cut off; as, a slice of bacon; a slice of cheese; a slice of bread.

2. That which is thin and broad, like a slice. Specifically: (a) A broad, thin piece of plaster. (b) A salver, platter, or tray. [Obs.] (c) A knife with a thin, broad blade for taking up or serving fish; also, a spatula for spreading anything, as paint or ink. (d) A plate of iron with a handle, forming a kind of chisel, or a spadelike implement, variously proportioned, and used for various purposes, as for stripping the planking from a vessel's side, for cutting blubber from a whale, or for stirring a fire of coals; a slice bar; a peel; a fire shovel. [Cant] (e) (Shipbuilding) One of the wedges by which the cradle and the ship are lifted clear of the building blocks to prepare for launching. (f) (Printing) A removable sliding bottom to galley. Slice bar, a kind of fire iron resembling a poker, with a broad, flat end, for stirring a fire of coals, and clearing it and the grate bars from clinkers, ashes, etc.; a slice.

Slice

Slice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sliced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slicing (?).]

1. To cut into thin pieces, or to cut off a thin, broad piece from.

2. To cut into parts; to divide.

3. To clear by means of a slice bar, as a fire or the grate bars of a furnace.

Slicer

Sli"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, slices; specifically, the circular saw of the lapidary.

Slich, Slick

Slich (?), Slick (?), n. (Metal.) See Schlich.

Slick

Slick (?), a. [See Sleek.] Sleek; smooth. "Both slick and dainty." Chapman.

Slick

Slick, v. t. To make sleek or smoth. "Slicked all with sweet oil." Chapman.

Slick

Slick, n. (Joinery) A wide paring chisel.

Slicken

Slick"en (?), a. Sleek; smooth. [Prov. Eng.]

Slickens

Slick"ens (?), n. [Cf. Slick, n.] (Mining) The pulverized matter from a quartz mill, or the lighter soil of hydraulic mines. [Local, U. S.]

Slickensides

Slick"en*sides` (?), n.

1. The smooth, striated, or partially polished surfaces of a fissure or seam, supposed to have been produced by the sliding of one surface on another.

2. A variety of galena found in Derbyshire, England.

Slicker

Slick"er (?), n. That which makes smooth or sleek. Specifically: (a) A kind of burnisher for leather. (b) (Founding) A curved tool for smoothing the surfaces of a mold after the withdrawal of the pattern.

Slicker

Slick"er, n. A waterproof coat. [Western U.S.]

Slicking

Slick"ing, n.

1. The act or process of smoothing.

2. pl. (Min.) Narrow veins of ore.

Slickness

Slick"ness, n. The state or quality of being slick; smoothness; sleekness.

Slid

Slid (?), imp. & p. p. of Slide.

Slidden

Slid"den (?), p. p. of Slide.

Slidder

Slid"der (?), v. t. [AS. sliderian. See Slide, v. t.] To slide with interruption. [Obs.] Dryden.

Slidder, Slidderly, Sliddery

Slid"der, Slid"der*ly, Slid"der*y (?), a. [AS. slidor. See Slide, v. t.] Slippery. [Obs.]
To a drunk man the way is slidder. Chaucer.

Slide

Slide (?), v. t. [imp. Slid (?); p. p. Slidden (?), Slid; p. pr. & vb. n. Slidding (?).] [OE. sliden, AS. sl\'c6dan; akin to MHG. sl\'c6ten, also to AS. slidor slippery, E. sled, Lith. slidus slippery. Cf. Sled.]

1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without walking or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, snow slides down the mountain's side.

2. Especially, to move over snow or ice with a smooth, uninterrupted motion, as on a sled moving by the force of gravity, or on the feet.

They bathe in summer, and in winter slide. Waller.

3. To pass inadvertently.

Beware thou slide not by it. Ecclus. xxviii. 26.

4. To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently onward without friction or hindrance; as, a ship or boat slides through the water.

Ages shall slide away without perceiving. Dryden.
Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole. Pope.

5. To slip when walking or standing; to fall.

Their foot shall slide in due time. Deut. xxxii. 35.

6. (Mus.) To pass from one note to another with no perceptible cassation of sound.

7. To pass out of one's thought as not being of any consequence. [Obs. or Colloq.]

With good hope let he sorrow slide. Chaucer.
With a calm carelessness letting everything slide. Sir P. Sidney.

Slide

Slide, v. t.

1. To cause to slide; to thrust along; as, to slide one piece of timber along another.

2. To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip; as, to slide in a word to vary the sense of a question.

Slide

Slide, n. [AS. sl\'c6de.]

1. The act of sliding; as, a slide on the ice.

2. Smooth, even passage or progress.

A better slide into their business. Bacon.

3. That on which anything moves by sliding. Specifically: (a) An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the force of gravity, esp. one constructed on a mountain side for conveying logs by sliding them down. (b) A surface of ice or snow on which children slide for amusement.

4. That which operates by sliding. Specifically: (a) A cover which opens or closes an aperture by sliding over it. (b) (Mach.) A moving piece which is guided by a part or parts along which it slides. (c) A clasp or brooch for a belt, or the like.

5. A plate or slip of glass on which is a picture or delineation to be exhibited by means of a magic lantern, stereopticon, or the like; a plate on which is an object to be examined with a microscope.

6. The descent of a mass of earth, rock, or snow down a hill or mountain side; as, a land slide, or a snow slide; also, the track of bare rock left by a land slide.<-- also mudslide -->

7. (Geol.) A small dislocation in beds of rock along a line of fissure. Dana.

8. (Mus.) (a) A grace consisting of two or more small notes moving by conjoint degrees, and leading to a principal note either above or below. (b) An apparatus in the trumpet and trombone by which the sounding tube is lengthened and shortened so as to produce the tones between the fundamental and its harmonics.

9. (Phonetics) A sound which, by a gradual change in the position of the vocal organs, passes imperceptibly into another sound.

10. (Steam Engine) (a) Same as Guide bar, under Guide. (b) A slide valve. Slide box (Steam Engine), a steam chest. See under Steam. -- Slide lathe, an engine lathe. See under Lathe. -- Slide rail, a transfer table. See under Transfer. -- Slide rest (Turning lathes), a contrivance for holding, moving, and guiding, the cutting tool, made to slide on ways or guides by screws or otherwise, and having compound motion. -- Slide rule, a mathematical instrument consisting of two parts, one of which slides upon the other, for the mechanical performance of addition and subtraction, and, by means of logarithmic scales, of multiplication and division. -- Slide valve. (a) Any valve which opens and closes a passageway by sliding over a port. (b) A particular kind of sliding valve, often used in steam engines for admitting steam to the piston and releasing it, alternately, having a cuplike cavity in its face, through which the exhaust steam passes. It is situated in the steam chest, and moved by the valve gear. It is sometimes called a D valve, -- a name which is also applied to a semicylindrical pipe used as a sliding valve. <-- illustration of a slide valve --> In the illustration, a is the cylinder of a steam engine, in which plays the piston p; b the steam chest, receiving its supply from the pipe i, and containing the slide valve s, which is shown as admitting steam to one end of the cylinder through the port e, and opening communication between the exhaust passage f and the port c, for the release of steam from the opposite end of the cylinder.

Slidegroat

Slide"groat (?), n. The game of shovelboard. [Obs.]

Slider

Slid"er (?), a. See Slidder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Slider

Slid"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, slides; especially, a sliding part of an instrument or machine.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa). [Local, U. S. ] Slider pump, a form of rotary pump.

Sliding

Slid"ing (?), a.

1. That slides or slips; gliding; moving smoothly.

2. Slippery; elusory. [Obs.]

That sliding science hath me made so bare. Chaucer.
Sliding friction (Mech.), the resistance one body meets with in sliding along the surface of another, as distinguished from rolling friction. -- Sliding gunter (Naut.), a topmast arranged with metallic fittings so as to be hoisted and lowered by means of halyards. -- Sliding keel (Naut), a movable keel, similar to a centeboard. -- Sliding pair. (Mech.) See the Note under Pair, n., 7. -- Sliding rule. Same as Slide rule, under Slide, n. -- Sliding scale. (a) A scale for raising or lowering imposts in proportion to the fall or rise of prices. (b) A variable scale of wages or of prices. (c) A slide rule. -- Sliding ways (Naut.), the timber guides used in launching a vessel.

Slidometer

Sli*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Slide + -meter.] An instrument for indicating and recording shocks to railway cars occasioned by sudden stopping.

Slight

Slight (?), n. Sleight. Spenser.

Slight

Slight, v. t. [Cf. D. slechten to level, to demolish.]

1. To overthrow; to demolish. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. To make even or level. [Obs.] Hexham.

3. To throw heedlessly. [Obs.]

The rogue slighted me into the river. Shak.

Slight

Slight (?), a. [Compar. Slighter (?); superl. Slightest.] [OE. sli, sleght, probably from OD. slicht, slecht, simple, plain, D. slecht; akin to OFries. sliucht, G. schlecht, schlicht, OHG. sleht smooth, simple, Icel. sl smooth, Sw. sl\'84t, Goth. sla\'a1hts; or uncertain origin.]

1. Not decidedly marked; not forcible; inconsiderable; unimportant; insignificant; not severe; weak; gentle; -- applied in a great variety of circumstances; as, a slight (i. e., feeble) effort; a slight (i. e., perishable) structure; a slight (i. e., not deep) impression; a slight (i. e., not convincing) argument; a slight (i. e., not thorough) examination; slight (i. e., not severe) pain, and the like. "At one slight bound." Milton.

Slight is the subject, but not so the praise. Pope.
Some firmly embrace doctrines upon slight grounds. Locke.

2. Not stout or heavy; slender.

His own figure, which was formerly so slight. Sir W. Scott.

3. Foolish; silly; weak in intellect. Hudibras.

Slight

Slight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Slighting.] To disregard, as of little value and unworthy of notice; to make light of; as, to slight the divine commands. Milton.
The wretch who slights the bounty of the skies. Cowper.
To slight off, to treat slightingly; to drive off; to remove. [R.] -- To slight over, to run over in haste; to perform superficially; to treat carelessly; as, to slight over a theme. "They will but slight it over." Bacon. Syn. -- To neglect; disregard; disdain; scorn. -- Slight, Neglect. To slight is stronger than to neglect. We may neglect a duty or person from inconsiderateness, or from being over-occupied in other concerns. To slight is always a positive and intentional act, resulting from feelings of dislike or contempt. We ought to put a kind construction on what appears neglect on the part of a friend; but when he slights us, it is obvious that he is our friend no longer.
Beware . . . lest the like befall . . . If they transgress and slight that sole command. Milton.
This my long-sufferance, and my day of grace, Those who neglect and scorn shall never taste. Milton.

Slight

Slight, n. The act of slighting; the manifestation of a moderate degree of contempt, as by neglect or oversight; neglect; indignity. Syn. -- Neglect; disregard; inattention; contempt; disdain; scorn; disgrace; indignity; disparagement.

Slight

Slight, adv. Slightly. [Obs. or Poetic]
Think not so slight of glory. Milton.

Slighten

Slight"en (?), v. t. To slight. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Slighter

Slight"er (?), n. One who slights.

Slightful

Slight"ful (?), a. See Sleightful. [Obs.]

Slighting

Slight"ing, a. Characterized by neglect or disregard.

Slightingly

Slight"ing*ly, adv. In a slighting manner.

Slightly

Slight"ly, adv.

1. In a slight manner.

2. Slightingly; negligently. [Obs.] Shak.

Slightness

Slight"ness, n. The quality or state of being slight; slenderness; feebleness; superficiality; also, formerly, negligence; indifference; disregard.

Slighty

Slight"y (?), a. Slight. [Obs.] Echard.

Slik

Slik (?), a. [See Such.] Such. [Obs. or Scot.] &hand; Used by Chaucer as of the Northern dialect.

Silkensides

Silk"en*sides`, n. Same as Slickensides.

Slily

Sli"ly (?), adv. See Slyly. South.

Slim

Slim (?), a. [Compar. Slimmer (?); superl. Slimmest.] [Formerly, bad, worthless, weak, slight, awry, fr. D. slim; akin to G. schlimm, MHG. slimp oblique, awry; of uncertain origin. The meaning of the English word seems to have been influenced by slender.]

1. Worthless; bad. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. Weak; slight; unsubstantial; poor; as, a slim argument. "That was a slim excuse." Barrow.

3. Of small diameter or thickness in proportion to the height or length; slender; as, a slim person; a slim tree. Grose.

Slime

Slime (?), n. [OE. slim, AS. sl\'c6m; akin to D. slijm, G. schleim, MHG. sl\'c6men to make smooth, Icel. sl\'c6m slime, Dan. sliim; cf. L. limare to file, polish, levis smooth, Gr. limus mud.]

1. Soft, moist earth or clay, having an adhesive quality; viscous mud.

As it [Nilus] ebbs, the seedsman Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain. Shak.

2. Any mucilaginous substance; any substance of a dirty nature, that is moist, soft, and adhesive.

3. (Script.) Bitumen. [Archaic]

Slime had they for mortar. Gen. xi. 3.
Page 1355

4. pl. (Mining) Mud containing metallic ore, obtained in the preparatory dressing. Pryce.

5. (Physiol.) A mucuslike substance which exudes from the bodies of certain animals. Goldsmith. Slime eel. (Zo\'94l.) See 1st Hag, 4. -- Slime pit, a pit for the collection of slime or bitumen.

Slime

Slime (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sliming.] To smear with slime. Tennyson.

Slimily

Slim"i*ly (?), adv. In a slimy manner.

Sliminess

Slim"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being slimy.

Slimly

Slim"ly (?), adv. In a state of slimness; in a slim manner; slenderly.

Slimness

Slim"ness, n. The quality or state of being slim.

Slimsy

Slim"sy (?), a. Flimsy; frail. [Colloq. U.S.]

Slimy

Slim"y (?), a. [Compar. Slimier (?); superl. Slimiest.] Of or pertaining to slime; resembling slime; of the nature of slime; viscous; glutinous; also, covered or daubed with slime; yielding, or abounding in, slime.
Slimy things did crawl with legs Upon the slimy sea. Coleridge.

Sliness

Sli"ness (?), n. See Slyness.

Sling

Sling (?), n. [OE. slinge; akin to OD. slinge, D. slinger, OHG. slinga; cf. OF. eslingue, of German origin. See Sling, v. t.]

1. An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of a short strap with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string fastened to one end and a light stick to the other. The missile being lodged in a hole in the strap, the ends of the string are taken in the hand, and the whole whirled rapidly round until, by loosing one end, the missile is let fly with centrifugal force.

2. The act or motion of hurling as with a sling; a throw; figuratively, a stroke.

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. Shak.
At one sling Of thy victorius arm, well-pleasing Son. Milton.

3. A contrivance for sustaining anything by suspension; as: (a) A kind of hanging bandage put around the neck, in which a wounded arm or hand is supported. (b) A loop of rope, or a rope or chain with hooks, for suspending a barrel, bale, or other heavy object, in hoisting or lowering. (c) A strap attached to a firearm, for suspending it from the shoulder. (d) (Naut.) A band of rope or iron for securing a yard to a mast; -- chiefly in the plural. Sling cart, a kind of cart used to transport cannon and their carriages, large stones, machines, etc., the objects transported being slung, or suspended by a chain attached to the axletree. -- Sling dog, one of a pair of iron hooks used as part of a sling. See def. 3 (b) above.

Sling

Sling, v. t. [imp. Slung (?), Archaic Slang (; p. p. Slung; p. pr. & vb. n. Slinging.] [AS. slingan; akin to D. slingeren, G. schlingen, to wind, to twist, to creep, OHG. slingan to wind, to twist, to move to and fro, Icel. slyngva, sl\'94ngva, to sling, Sw. slunga, Dan. slynge, Lith. slinkti to creep.]

1. To throw with a sling. "Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth, and not miss." Judg. xx. 16.

2. To throw; to hurl; to cast. Addison.

3. To hang so as to swing; as, to sling a pack.

4. (Naut) To pass a rope round, as a cask, gun, etc., preparatory to attaching a hoisting or lowering tackle.

Sling

Sling, n. [Cf. G. schlingen to swallow.] A drink composed of spirit (usually gin) and water sweetened. <-- as, a Singapore sling. -->

Slinger

Sling"er (?), n. One who slings, or uses a sling.

Slink

Slink (?), v. t. [imp. Slunk (?), Archaic Slank (; p. p. Slunk; p. pr. & vb. n. Slinking.] [AS. slincan; probably akin to G. schleichen, E. sleek. See Sleek, a.]

1. To creep away meanly; to steal away; to sneak. "To slink away and hide." Tale of Beryn.

Back to the thicket slunk The guilty serpent. Milton.
There were some few who slank obliquely from them as they passed. Landor.

2. To miscarry; -- said of female beasts.

Slink

Slink, v. t. To cast prematurely; -- said of female beasts; as, a cow that slinks her calf.

Slink

Slink, a.

1. Produced prematurely; as, a slink calf.

2. Thin; lean. [Scot.]

Slink

Slink, n.

1. The young of a beast brought forth prematurely, esp. a calf brought forth before its time.

2. A thievish fellow; a sneak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Slinky

Slink"y (?), a. Thin; lank. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.]

Slip

Slip (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slipping.] [OE. slippen; akin to LG. & D. slippen, MHG. slipfen (cf. Dan. slippe, Sw. slippa, Icel. sleppa), and fr. OE. slipen, AS. sl\'c6pan (in comp.), akin to G. schleifen to slide, glide, drag, whet, OHG. sl\'c6fan to slide, glide, make smooth, Icel. sl\'c6pa to whet; cf. also AS. sl, Goth. sliupan, OS. slopian, OHG. sliofan, G. schliefen, schl, which seem to come from a somewhat different root form. Cf. Slope, n.]

1. To move along the surface of a thing without bounding, rolling, or stepping; to slide; to glide.

2. To slide; to lose one's footing or one's hold; not to tread firmly; as, it is necessary to walk carefully lest the foot should slip.

3. To move or fly (out of place); to shoot; -- often with out, off, etc.; as, a bone may slip out of its place.

4. To depart, withdraw, enter, appear, intrude, or escape as if by sliding; to go or come in a quiet, furtive manner; as, some errors slipped into the work.

Thus one tradesman slips away, To give his partner fairer play. Prior.
Thrice the flitting shadow slipped away. Dryden.

5. To err; to fall into error or fault.

There is one that slippeth in his speech, but not from his heart. Ecclus. xix. 16.
To let slip, to loose from the slip or noose, as a hound; to allow to escape.
Cry, "Havoc," and let slip the dogs of war. Shak.

Slip

Slip (?), v. t.

1. To cause to move smoothly and quickly; to slide; to convey gently or secretly.

He tried to slip a powder into her drink. Arbuthnot.

2. To omit; to loose by negligence.

And slip no advantage That my secure you. B. Jonson.

3. To cut slips from; to cut; to take off; to make a slip or slips of; as, to slip a piece of cloth or paper.

The branches also may be slipped and planted. Mortimer.

4. To let loose in pursuit of game, as a greyhound.

Lucento slipped me like his greyhound. Shak.

5. To cause to slip or slide off, or out of place; as, a horse slips his bridle; a dog slips his collar.

6. To bring forth (young) prematurely; to slink. To slip a cable. (Naut.) See under Cable. -- To slip off, to take off quickly; as, to slip off a coat. -- To slip on, to put on in haste or loosely; as, to slip on a gown or coat.

Slip

Slip, n. [AS. slipe, slip.]

1. The act of slipping; as, a slip on the ice.

2. An unintentional error or fault; a false step.

This good man's slip mended his pace to martyrdom. Fuller.

3. A twig separated from the main stock; a cutting; a scion; hence, a descendant; as, a slip from a vine.

A native slip to us from foreign seeds. Shak.
The girlish slip of a Sicilian bride. R. Browning.

4. A slender piece; a strip; as, a slip of paper.

Moonlit slips of silver cloud. Tennyson.
A thin slip of a girl, like a new moon Sure to be rounded into beauty soon. Longfellow.

5. A leash or string by which a dog is held; -- so called from its being made in such a manner as to slip, or become loose, by relaxation of the hand.

We stalked over the extensive plains with Killbuck and Lena in the slips, in search of deer. Sir S. Baker.

6. An escape; a secret or unexpected desertion; as, to give one the slip. Shak.

7. (Print.) A portion of the columns of a newspaper or other work struck off by itself; a proof from a column of type when set up and in the galley.

8. Any covering easily slipped on. Specifically: (a) A loose garment worn by a woman. (b) A child's pinafore. (c) An outside covering or case; as, a pillow slip. (d) The slip or sheath of a sword, and the like. [R.]

9. A counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with silver. [Obs.] Shak

10. Matter found in troughs of grindstones after the grinding of edge tools. [Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Petty.

11. Potter's clay in a very liquid state, used for the decoration of ceramic ware, and also as a cement for handless and other applied parts.

12. A particular quantity of yarn. [Prov. Eng.]

13. An inclined plane on which a vessel is built, or upon which it is hauled for repair.

14. An opening or space for vessels to lie in, between wharves or in a dock; as, Peck slip. [U. S.]

15. A narrow passage between buildings. [Eng.]

16. A long seat or narrow pew in churches, often without a door. [U. S.]

17. (Mining.) A dislocation of a lead, destroying continuity. Knight.

18. (Engin.) The motion of the center of resistance of the float of a paddle wheel, or the blade of an oar, through the water horozontally, or the difference between a vessel's actual speed and the speed which she would have if the propelling instrument acted upon a solid; also, the velocity, relatively to still water, of the backward current of water produced by the propeller.

19. (Zo\'94l.) A fish, the sole.

20. (Cricket) A fielder stationed on the off side and to the rear of the batsman. There are usually two of them, called respectively short slip, and long slip. <-- 21. A slip dock (see below) --> To give one the slip, to slip away from one; to elude one. -- Slip dock. See under Dock. -- Slip link (Mach.), a connecting link so arranged as to allow some play of the parts, to avoid concussion. -- Slip rope (Naut.), a rope by which a cable is secured preparatory to slipping. Totten. -- Slip stopper (Naut.), an arrangement for letting go the anchor suddenly.

Slipboard

Slip"board` (?), n. A board sliding in grooves.

Slipcoat cheese

Slip"coat` cheese" (?). A rich variety of new cheese, resembling butter, but white. Halliwell.

Slipes

Slipes (?), n. pl. [Cf. Slip, v.] Sledge runners on which a skip is dragged in a mine.

Slipknot

Slip"knot` (?), n. knot which slips along the rope or line around which it is made.

Slip-on

Slip"-on` (?), n. A kind of overcoat worn upon the shoulders in the manner of a cloak. [Scot.]

Slippage

Slip"page (?), n. The act of slipping; also, the amount of slipping.

Slipper

Slip"per (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, slips.

2. A kind of light shoe, which may be slipped on with ease, and worn in undress; a slipshoe.

3. A kind of apron or pinafore for children.

4. A kind of brake or shoe for a wagon wheel.

5. (Mach.) A piece, usually a plate, applied to a sliding piece, to receive wear and afford a means of adjustment; -- also called shoe, and gib. Slipper animalcule (Zo\'94l.), a ciliated infusorian of the genus Paramecium. -- Slipper flower.(Bot.) Slipperwort. -- Slipper limpet, ∨ Slipper shell (Zo\'94l.), a boat shell.

Slipper

Slip"per, a. [AS. slipur.] Slippery. [Obs.]
O! trustless state of earthly things, and slipper hope Of mortal men. Spenser.

Slippered

Slip"pered (?), a. Wearing slippers. Shak.

Slipperily

Slip"per*i*ly (?), adv. In a slippery manner.

Slipperiness

Slip"per*i*ness, n. The quality of being slippery.

Slipperness

Slip"per*ness, n. Slipperiness. [Obs.]

Slipperwort

Slip"per*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Calceolaria.

Slippery

Slip"per*y (?), a. [See Slipper, a.]

1. Having the quality opposite to adhesiveness; allowing or causing anything to slip or move smoothly, rapidly, and easily upon the surface; smooth; glib; as, oily substances render things slippery.

2. Not affording firm ground for confidence; as, a slippery promise.

The slippery tops of human state. Cowley.

3. Not easily held; liable or apt to slip away.

The slippery god will try to loose his hold. Dryden.

4. Liable to slip; not standing firm. Shak.

5. Unstable; changeable; mutable; uncertain; inconstant; fickle. "The slippery state of kings." Denham.

6. Uncertain in effect. L'Estrange.

7. Wanton; unchaste; loose in morals. Shak. Slippery elm. (Bot.) (a) An American tree (Ulmus fulva) with a mucilagenous and slightly aromatic inner bark which is sometimes used medicinally; also, the inner bark itself. (b) A malvaceous shrub (Fremontia Californica); -- so called on the Pacific coast.

Slippiness

Slip"pi*ness (?), n. Slipperiness. [R.] "The slippiness of the way." Sir W. Scott.

Slippy

Slip"py (?), a. [AS. slipeg.] Slippery.

Slipshod

Slip"shod` (?), a.

1. Wearing shoes or slippers down at the heel.

The shivering urchin bending as he goes, With slipshod heels. Cowper.

2. Figuratively: Careless in dress, manners, style, etc.; slovenly; shuffling; as, slipshod manners; a slipshod or loose style of writing.

Thy wit shall ne'er go slipshod. Shak.

Slipshoe

Slip"shoe` (?), n. A slipper. Halliwell.

Slipskin

Slip"skin` (?), a. Evasive. [Obs.] Milton.

Slipslop

Slip"slop` (?), n. [A reduplication of slop.] Weak, poor, or flat liquor; weak, profitless discourse or writing.

Slipstring

Slip"string` (?), n. One who has shaken off restraint; a prodigal. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Slipthrift

Slip"thrift` (?), n. A spendthrift. [Obs.]

Slish

Slish (?), n. [A corruption of slash.] A cut; as, slish and slash. [Colloq.] Shak.

Slit

Slit (?), obs. 3d. pers. sing. pres. of Slide. Chaucer.

Slit

Slit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slit or Slitted (; p. pr. & vb. n. Slitting.] [OE. slitten, fr. sliten, AS. st\'c6tan to tear; akin to D. slijten to wear out, G. schleissen to slit, split, OHG. sl\'c6zan to split, tear, wear out, Icel. st\'c6ta to break, tear, wear out, Sw. slita, Dan. slide. Cf. Eclat, Slate, n., Slice.]

1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or strips; as, to slit iron bars into nail rods; to slit leather into straps.

2. To cut or make a long fissure in or upon; as, to slit the ear or the nose.

3. To cut; to sever; to divide. [Obs.]

And slits the thin-spun life. Milton.

Slit

Slit, n. [AS. slite.] A long cut; a narrow opening; as, a slit in the ear. Gill slit. (Anat.) See Gill opening, under Gill.

Slither

Slith"er (?), v. i. [Cf. G. schlittern, LG. schliddern. See Slide.] To slide; to glide. [Prov. Eng.]

Slit-shell

Slit"-shell" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pleurotomaria, a genus of beautiful, pearly, spiral gastropod shells having a deep slit in the outer lip. Many fossil species are known, and a few living ones are found in deep water in tropical seas.

Slitter

Slit"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, slits.

Slitting

Slit"ting (?), a. & n. from Slit. Slitting file. See Illust. (i) of File. -- Slitting mill. (a) A mill where iron bars or plates are slit into narrow strips, as nail rods, and the like. (b) A machine used by lapidaries for slicing stones, usually by means of a revolving disk, called a slicer, supplied with diamond powder. -- Slitting roller, one of a pair of rollers furnished with ribs entering between similar ribs in the other roller, and cutting like shears, -- used in slitting metals.

Slive

Slive (?), v. i. [Cf. Slip.] To sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

Slive

Slive, v. t. [OE. sliven to split, cleave, AS. sl\'c6fan.] To cut; to split; to separate. [Obs.] Holland.

Sliver

Sliv"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slivered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slivering.] [See Slive, v. t.] To cut or divide into long, thin pieces, or into very small pieces; to cut or rend lengthwise; to slit; as, to sliver wood. Shak.
They 'll sliver thee like a turnip. Sir W. Scott.

Sliver

Sliv"er, n.

1. A long piece cut ot rent off; a sharp, slender fragment; a splinter.

2. A strand, or slender roll, of cotton or other fiber in a loose, untwisted state, produced by a carding machine and ready for the roving or slubbing which preceeds spinning.

3. pl. Bait made of pieces of small fish. Cf. Kibblings. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

Sloakan

Sloak"an (?), n. (Bot.) A species of seaweed. [Spelled also slowcawn.] See 3d Laver.

Sloam

Sloam (?), n. (Mining) A layer of earth between coal seams.

Sloat

Sloat (?), n. [See Slot a bar.] A narrow piece of timber which holds together large pieces; a slat; as, the sloats of a cart.

Slobber

Slob"ber (?), v. t. & i. See Slabber.

Slobber

Slob"ber, n.

1. See Slabber.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A jellyfish. [Prov. Eng.]

3. pl. (Vet.) Salivation.

Slobberer

Slob"ber*er (?), n.

1. One who slobbers.

2. A slovenly farmer; a jobbing tailor. [Prov. Eng.]

Slobbery

Slob"ber*y (?), a. Wet; sloppy, as land. Shak.

Slock, Slocken

Slock (?), Slock"en (?), v. t. To quench; to allay; to slake. See Slake. [Obs. or Scot.]

Slocking

Slock"ing, a. & n. from Slock. Slocking stone, a rich piece of ore displayed in order to tempt persons to embark in a mining enterprise.

Sloe

Sloe (?), n. [OE. slo, AS. sl\'be; akin to D. slee, G. schlehe, OHG. sl$ha, Dan. slaaen, Sw. sl, perhaps originally, that which blunts the teeth, or sets them on edge (cf. Slow); cf. Lith. sliwa a plum, Russ. sliva.] (Bot.) A small, bitter, wild European plum, the fruit of the blackthorn (Prunus spinosa); also, the tree itself.

Slogan

Slo"gan (?), n. [Gael. sluagh-ghairm, i.e., an army cry; sluagh army + gairm a call, calling.] The war cry, or gathering word, of a Highland clan in Scotland; hence, any rallying cry. Sir W. Scott.
Page 1356

Sloggy

Slog"gy (?), a. Sluggish. [Obs.]
Somnolence that is sloggy slumbering Chaucer.

Sloke

Sloke (?), n. (Bot.) See Sloakan.

Sloo, ∨ Slue

Sloo (?), ∨ Slue (?), n. A slough; a run or wet place. See 2d Slough, 2.

Sloom

Sloom (?), n. Slumber. [Prov. Eng.]

Sloomy

Sloom"y (?), a. Sluggish; slow. [Prov. Eng.]

Sloop

Sloop (?), n.[D. sloep, of uncertain origin. Cf. Shallop.] (Naut.) A vessel having one mast and fore-and-aft rig, consisting of a boom-and-gaff mainsail, jibs, staysail, and gaff topsail. The typical sloop has a fixed bowsprit, topmast, and standing rigging, while those of a cutter are capable of being readily shifted. The sloop usually carries a centerboard, and depends for stability upon breadth of beam rather than depth of keel. The two types have rapidly approximated since 1880. One radical distinction is that a slop may carry a centerboard. See Cutter, and Illustration in Appendix. Sloop of war, formerly, a vessel of war rigged either as a ship, brig, or schooner, and mounting from ten to thirty-two guns; now, any war vessel larger than a gunboat, and carrying guns on one deck only.

Slop

Slop (?), n. [OE. sloppe a pool; akin to As. sloppe, slyppe, the sloppy droppings of a cow; cf. AS. sl to slip, and E. slip, v.i. Cf. Cowslip.]

1. Water or other liquid carelessly spilled or thrown aboyt, as upon a table or a floor; a puddle; a soiled spot.

2. Mean and weak drink or liquid food; -- usually in the plural.

3. pl. Dirty water; water in which anything has been washed or rinsed; water from wash-bowls, etc. Slop basin, ∨ Slop bowl, a basin or bowl for holding slops, especially for receiving the rinsings of tea or coffee cups at the table. -- Slop molding (Brickmaking), a process of manufacture in which the brick is carried to the drying ground in a wet mold instead of on a pallet.

Slop

Slop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slopping.]

1. To cause to overflow, as a liquid, by the motion of the vessel containing it; to spill.

2. To spill liquid upon; to soil with a liquid spilled.

Slop

Slop, v. i. To overflow or be spilled as a liquid, by the motion of the vessel containing it; -- often with over.

Slop

Slop, n. [AS. slop a frock or over-garment, fr. sl to slip, to slide; akin to Icel sloppr a thin garment; cf. OHG. slouf a garment. Cf. Slip, v. i.]

1. Any kind of outer garment made of linen or cotton, as a night dress, or a smock frock. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A loose lower garment; loose breeches; chiefly used in the plural. "A pair of slops." Sir P. Sidney.

There's a French salutation to your French slop. Shak.

3. pl. Ready-made clothes; also, among seamen, clothing, bedding, and other furnishings.

Slope

Slope (?), n. [Formed (like abode fr. abide) from OE. slipen. See Slip, v. i.]

1. An oblique direction; a line or direction including from a horizontal line or direction; also, sometimes, an inclination, as of one line or surface to another.

2. Any ground whose surface forms an angle with the plane of the horizon.

buildings the summit and slope of a hill. Macaulay.
Under the slopes of Pisgah. Deut. iv. 49. (Rev. Ver.).
&hand; A slope, considered as descending, is a declivity; considered as ascending, an acclivity. Slope of a plane (Geom.), the direction of the plane; as, parallel planes have the same slope.

Slope

Slope, a. Sloping. "Down the slope hills." Milton.
A bank not steep, but gently slope. Bacon.

Slope

Slope, adv. In a sloping manner. [Obs.] Milton.

Slope

Slope, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sloping.] To form with a slope; to give an oblique or slanting direction to; to direct obliquely; to incline; to slant; as, to slope the ground in a garden; to slope a piece of cloth in cutting a garment.

Slope

Slope, v. i.

1. To take an oblique direction; to be at an angle with the plane of the horizon; to incline; as, the ground slopes.

2. To depart; to disappear suddenly. [Slang]

Slopeness

Slope"ness, n. State of being slope. Sir H. Wotton.

Slopewise

Slope"wise` (?), adv. Obliquely. [Obs.] Carew.

Sloping

Slop"ing, a. Inclining or inclined from the plane of the horizon, or from a horizontal or other right line; oblique; declivous; slanting. -- Slop"ing*ly, adv.
The sloping land recedes into the clouds. Cowper.

Sloppiness

Slop"pi*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sloppy; muddiness.

Sloppy

Slop"py (?), a. [Compar. Sloppier (?); superl. Sloppiest.] [From Slop.] Wet, so as to spatter easily; wet, as with something slopped over; muddy; plashy; as, a sloppy place, walk, road.

Slopseller

Slop"sell`er (?), n. One who sells slops, or ready-made clothes. See 4th Slop, 3.

Slopshop

Slop"shop` (?), n. A shop where slops. or ready-made clothes, are sold.

Slopwork

Slop"work` (?), n. The manufacture of slops, or cheap ready-made clothing; also, such clothing; hence, hasty, slovenly work of any kind.
No slopwork ever dropped from his [Carlyle's] pen. Froude.

Slopy

Slop"y (?), a. Sloping; inclined.

Slosh, Sloshy

Slosh (?), Slosh"y (?). See Slush, Slushy.

Slot

Slot (?), n. [LG. & D. slot a lock, from a verb meaning to close., to shut, D. sluiten; akin to G. schliessen, OHG. sliozan, OFries. sl, and probably to L. claudere. Cf. Close, Sluice.]

1. A broad, flat, wooden bar; a slat or sloat.

2. A bolt or bar for fastening a door. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A narrow depression, perforation, or aperture; esp., one for the reception of a piece fitting or sliding in it.

Slot

Slot (?), v. t. [See Slot a bar.] To shut with violence; to slam; as, to slot a door. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Slot

Slot, n. [Cf. Icel. sl, and E. sleuth.] The track of a deer; hence, a track of any kind. Milton.
As a bloodhound follows the slot of a hurt deer. Sir W. Scott.

Sloth

Sloth (?), n. [OE. slouthe, sleuthe, AS. sl, fr. sl\'bew slow. See Slow.]

1. Slowness; tardiness.

These cardinals trifle with me; I abhor This dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome. Shak.

2. Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness; idleness.

[They] change their course to pleasure, ease, and sloth. Milton.
Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears. Franklin.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of arboreal edentates constituting the family Bradypodid\'91, and the suborder Tardigrada. They have long exserted limbs and long prehensile claws. Both jaws are furnished with teeth (see Illust. of Edentata), and the ears and tail are rudimentary. They inhabit South and Central America and Mexico. &hand; The three-toed sloths belong to the genera Bradypus and Arctopithecus, of which several species have been described. They have three toes on each foot. The best-known species are collared sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), and the ai (Arctopitheus ai). The two-toed sloths, consisting the genus Cholopus, have two toes on each fore foot and three on each hind foot. The best-known is the unau (Cholopus didactylus) of South America. See Unau. Another species (C. Hoffmanni) inhabits Central America. Various large extinct terrestrial edentates, such as Megatherium and Mylodon, are often called sloths. Australian, ∨ Native sloth (Zo\'94l.), the koala. -- Sloth animalcule (Zo\'94l.), a tardigrade. -- Sloth bear (Zo\'94l.), a black or brown long-haired bear (Melursus ursinus, ∨ labiatus), native of India and Ceylon; -- called also aswail, labiated bear, and jungle bear. It is easily tamed and can be taught many tricks. -- Sloth monkey (Zo\'94l.), a loris.

Sloth

Sloth, v. i. To be idle. [Obs.] Gower.

Slothful

Sloth"ful (?), a. Addicted to sloth; inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle.
He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov. xviii. 9.
-- Sloth"ful*ly, adv. -- Sloth"ful*ness, n.

Slothhound

Sloth"hound` (?), n. [See Slot a track, and cf. Sleuthhound.] (Zo\'94l.) See Sleuthhound.

Slotted

Slot"ted (?), a. Having a slot.

Slotting

Slot"ting (?), n. The act or process of making slots, or mortises.

Slouch

Slouch (?), n. [Cf. Icel. sla slouching felloew, and E. slack, slug, a lazy fellow.]

1. A hanging down of the head; a drooping attitude; a limp appearance; an ungainly, clownish gait; a sidewise depression or hanging down, as of a hat brim.

2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow. [Colloq.] Slouth hat, a soft, limp hat of unstiffened cloth or felt.

Slouch

Slouch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slouching.]

1. To droop, as the head.

2. To walk in a clumsy, lazy manner. [Colloq.]

Slouch

Slouch, v. t. To cause to hang down; to depress at the side; as, to slouth the hat.

Slouching

Slouch"ing, a. Hanging down at the side; limp; drooping; without firmness or shapeliness; moving in an ungainly manner.

Slouchy

Slouch"y (?), a. Slouching. [Colloq.]

Slough

Slough (?), a. Slow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Slough

Slough (?), n. [OE. slogh, slough, AS. sl&omac;h a hollow place; cf. MHG. sl&umac;ch an abyss, gullet, G. schlucken to swallow; also Gael. & Ir. sloc a pit, pool. ditch, Ir. slug to swallow. Gr.

1. A place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire. Chaucer.

He's here stuck in a slough. Milton.

2. [Pronounced sl&oomac;.] A wet place; a swale; a side channel or inlet from a river. [In this sense local or provincial; also spelt sloo, and slue.] Slough grass (Bot.), a name in the Mississippi valley for grasses of the genus Muhlenbergia; -- called also drop seed, and nimble Will.

Slough

Slough, obs. imp. of Slee, to slay. Slew. Chaucer.

Slough

Slough (?), n. [OE. slugh, slouh; cf. MHG. sl the skin of a serpent, G. schlauch a skin, a leather bag or bottle.]

1. The skin, commonly the cast-off skin, of a serpent or of some similar animal.

2. (Med.) The dead mass separating from a foul sore; the dead part which separates from the living tissue in mortification.

Slough

Slough, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sloughed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sloughing.] (Med.) To form a slough; to separate in the form of dead matter from the living tissues; -- often used with off, or away; as, a sloughing ulcer; the dead tissues slough off slowly.

Slough

Slough, v. t. To cast off; to discard as refuse.
New tint the plumage of the birds, And slough decay from grazing herds. Emerson.

Sloughing

Slough"ing (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The act of casting off the skin or shell, as do insects and crustaceans; ecdysis.

Sloughy

Slough"y (?), a. Full of sloughs, miry.

Sloughy

Slough"y (?), a. Resembling, or of the nature of, a slough, or the dead matter which separates from living flesh.

Sloven

Slov"en (?), n. [D. slaf careless, negligent, a sloven; akin to LG. sluf slovenly.] A man or boy habitually negligent of neathess and order; -- the correlative term to slattern, or slut. Pope.
He became a confirmed sloven. Macaulay.

Slovenliness

Slov"en*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being slovenly.

Slowenly

Slow"en*ly, a.

1. Having the habits of a sloven; negligent of neatness and order, especially in dress.

A slovenly, lazy fellow, bolling at his ease. L'Estrange.

2. Characteristic of a solven; lacking neatness and order; evincing negligence; as, slovenly dress.

Slovenly

Slov"en*ly, adv. a slovenly manner.

Slovenness

Slov"en*ness, n. Slovenliness. [Obs.] Fuller.

Slovenry

Slov"en*ry (?), n. Slovenliness. [Obs.] Shak.

Slow

Slow (?), obs. imp. of Slee, to slay. Slew. Chaucer.

Slow

Slow (?), a. [Compar. Slower (?); superl. Slowest.] [OE. slow, slaw, AS. sl\'bew; akin to OS. sl blunt, dull, D. sleeuw, slee, sour, OHG. sl blunt, dull, Icel. sl, sl, Dan. sl\'94v, Sw. sl\'94. Cf. Sloe, and Sloth.]

1. Moving a short space in a relatively long time; not swift; not quick in motion; not rapid; moderate; deliberate; as, a slow stream; a slow motion.

2. Not happening in a short time; gradual; late.

These changes in the heavens, though slow, produced Like change on sea and land, sidereal blast. Milton.

3. Not ready; not prompt or quick; dilatory; sluggish; as, slow of speech, and slow of tongue.

Fixed on defense, the Trojans are not slow To guard their shore from an expected foe. Dryden.

4. Not hasty; not precipitate; acting with deliberation; tardy; inactive.

He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding. Prov. xiv. 29.

5. Behind in time; indicating a time earlier than the true time; as, the clock or watch is slow.

6. Not advancing or improving rapidly; as, the slow growth of arts and sciences.

7. Heavy in wit; not alert, prompt, or spirited; wearisome; dull. [Colloq.] Dickens. Thackeray. &hand; Slow is often used in the formation of compounds for the most part self-explaining; as, slow-gaited, slow-paced, slow-sighted, slow-winged, and the like. Slow coach, a slow person. See def.7, above. [Colloq.] -- Slow lemur, ∨ Slow loris (Zo\'94l.), an East Indian nocturnal lemurine animal (Nycticebus tardigradus) about the size of a small cat; -- so called from its slow and deliberate movements. It has very large round eyes and is without a tail. Called also bashful Billy. -- Slow match. See under Match. Syn. -- Dilatory; late; lingering; tardy; sluggish; dull; inactive. -- Slow, Tardy, Dilatory. Slow is the wider term, denoting either a want of rapid motion or inertness of intellect. Dilatory signifies a proneness to defer, a habit of delaying the performance of what we know must be done. Tardy denotes the habit of being behind hand; as, tardy in making up one's acounts.

Slow

Slow, adv. Slowly.
Let him have time to mark how slow time goes In time of sorrow. Shak.

Slow

Slow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slowing.] To render slow; to slacken the speed of; to retard; to delay; as, to slow a steamer. Shak.

Slow

Slow, v. i. To go slower; -- often with up; as, the train slowed up before crossing the bridge. <-- also with down. -->

Slow

Slow, n. A moth. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Slowback

Slow"back` (?), n. A lubber; an idle fellow; a loiterer. [Old Slang] Dr. Favour.

Slowh

Slowh (?), obs. imp. of Slee,to slay. Chaucer.

Slowhound

Slow"hound` (?), n. A sleuthhound. [R.]

Slowly

Slow"ly, adv. In a slow manner; moderately; not rapidly; not early; not rashly; not readly; tardly.

Slowness

Slow"ness, n. The quality or state of being slow.

Slows

Slows (?), n. (Med.) Milk sickness.

Slow-witted

Slow"-wit`ted (?), a. Dull of apprehension; not possessing quick intelligence.

Slowworm

Slow"worm` (?), n. [AS. sl\'bewyrm; the first part is probably akin to sle\'a0n to strike, the reptile being supposed to be very poisonous. See Slay, v. t., and Worm.] (Zo\'94l.) A lecertilian reptile; the blindworm.

Slub

Slub (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A roll of wool slightly twisted; a rove; -- called also slubbing.

Slub

Slub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slubbing.] To draw out and twist slightly; -- said of slivers of wool.

Slubber

Slub"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slubbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slubbering.] [Cf. Dan. slubbreto swallow, to sup up, D. slobberen to lap, to slabber. Cf. Slabber.]

1. To do lazily, imperfectly, or coarsely.

Slubber not business for my sake. Shak.

2. To daub; to stain; to cover carelessly.

There is no art that hath more . . . slubbered with aphorisming pedantry than the art of policy. Milton.

Slubber

Slub"ber, n. A slubbing machine.

Slubberdegullion

Slub"ber*de*gul`lion (?), n. [Slubber + Prov. E. gullion a wretch.] A mean, dirty wretch. [Low]

Slubberingly

Slub"ber*ing*ly, adv. In a slovenly, or hurried and imperfect, manner. [Low] Drayton.

Slubbing

Slub"bing (?), a. & n. from Slub. Slubbing billy, ∨ Slubbing machine, the machine by which slubs are formed.

Sludge

Sludge (?), n. [CF. Slush.]

1. Mud; mire; soft mud; slush. Mortimer. Tennyson.

2. Small floating pieces of ice, or masses of saturated snow. Kane.

3. (Mining) See Slime, 4. Sludge hole, the hand-hole, or manhole, in a steam boiler, by means of which sediment can be removed.

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Slugger

Slug"ger (?), n. A bucket for removing mud from a bored hole; a sand pump.

Sludy

Slud"y (?), a. Miry; slushy.

Slue

Slue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slued (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sluing (.] [Prov. E. slew to turn round, Scot. to lean or incline to a side; cf. Icel. sn to turn, bend.] [Written also slew.]

1. (Naut.) To turn about a fixed point, usually the center or axis, as a spar or piece of timber; to turn; -- used also of any heavy body.

2. In general, to turn about; to twist; -- often used reflexively and followed by round. [Colloq.]

They laughed, and slued themselves round. Dickens.

Slue

Slue, v. i. To turn about; to turn from the course; to slip or slide and turn from an expected or desired course; -- often followed by round.

Slue

Slue, n. See Sloough, 2. [Local]

Slug

Slug (?), n. [OE. slugge slothful, sluggen to be slothful; cf. LG. slukk low-spirited, sad, E. slack, slouch, D. slak, slek, a snail.]

1. A drone; a slow, lazy fellow; a sluggard. Shak.

2. A hindrance; an obstruction. [Obs.] Bacon.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial pulmonate mollusks belonging to Limax and several related genera, in which the shell is either small and concealed in the mantle, or altogether wanting. They are closely allied to the land snails.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Any smooth, soft larva of a sawfly or moth which creeps like a mollusk; as, the pear slug; rose slug.

5. A ship that sails slowly. [Obs.] Halliwell.

His rendezvous for his fleet, and for all slugs to come to, should be between Calais and Dover. Pepys.

6. [Perhaps a different word.] An irregularly shaped piece of metal, used as a missile for a gun.<-- also, a colloq. term for bullet. -->

7. (Print.) A thick strip of metal less than type high, and as long as the width of a column or a page, -- used in spacing out pages and to separate display lines, etc. Sea slug. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any nudibranch mollusk. (b) A holothurian. -- Slug caterpillar. Same as Slugworm.

Slug

Slug, v. i. To move slowly; to lie idle. [Obs.]
To slug in sloth and sensual delight. Spenser.

Slug

Slug, v. t. To make sluggish. [Obs.] Milton.

Slug

Slug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slugging (?).]

1. To load with a slug or slugs; as, to slug a gun.

2. To strike heavily. [Cant or Slang]

Slug

Slug, v. i. To become reduced in diameter, or changed in shape, by passing from a larger to a smaller part of the bore of the barrel; -- said of a bullet when fired from a gun, pistol, or other firearm.

Slugabed

Slug"a*bed` (?), n. One who indulges in lying abed; a sluggard. [R.] "Fie, you slugabed!" Shak.

Sluggard

Slug"gard (?), n. [Slug + -ard.] A person habitually lazy, idle, and inactive; a drone.
Go to the ant, thou sluggard; considered her ways, and be wise. Prov. vi. 6.

Sluggard

Slug"gard, a. Sluggish; lazy. Dryden.

Sluggardize

Slug"gard*ize (?), v. t. To make lazy. [R.] Shak.

Sluggardy

Slug"gard*y (?), n. [OE. sloggardye.] The state of being a sluggard; sluggishness; sloth. Gower.
Idleness is rotten sluggardy. Chaucer.

Slugger

Slug"ger (?), n. One who strikes heavy blows; hence, a boxer; a prize fighter. [Cant or Slang] <-- (Baseball) A player with a high batting average, esp. one who hits many home runs. -->

Sluggish

Slug"gish (?), a.

1. Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive; as, a sluggish man.

2. Slow; having little motion; as, a sluggish stream.

3. Having no power to move one's self or itself; inert.

Matter, being impotent, sluggish, and inactive, hath no power to stir or move itself. Woodward.
And the sluggish land slumbers in utter neglect. Longfellow.

4. Characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid; tame; simple. [R.] "So sluggish a conceit." Milton. Syn. -- Inert; idle; lazy; slothful; indolent; dronish; slow; dull; drowsy; inactive. See Inert. -- Slug"gish*ly, adv. -- Slug"gish*ness, n.

Sluggy

Slug"gy (?), a. Sluggish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Slug-horn

Slug"-horn` (?), a. An erroneous form of the Scotch word slughorne, or sloggorne, meaning slogan.

Slugs

Slugs (?), n. pl. (Mining) Half-roasted ore.

Slugworm

Slug"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any caterpillar which has the general appearance of a slug, as do those of certain moths belonging to Limacodes and allied genera, and those of certain sawflies.

Sluice

Sluice (?), n. [OF. escluse, F. \'82cluse, LL. exclusa, sclusa, from L. excludere, exclusum, to shut out: cf. D. sluis sluice, from the Old French. See Exclude.]

1. An artifical passage for water, fitted with a valve or gate, as in a mill stream, for stopping or regulating the flow; also, a water gate of flood gate.

2. Hence, an opening or channel through which anything flows; a source of supply.

Each sluice of affluent fortune opened soon. Harte.
This home familiarity . . . opens the sluices of sensibility. I. Taylor.

3. The stream flowing through a flood gate.

4. (Mining) A long box or trough through which water flows, -- used for washing auriferous earth. Sluice gate, the sliding gate of a sluice.

Sluice

Sluice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sluiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sluicing (?).]

1. To emit by, or as by, flood gates. [R.] Milton.

2. To wet copiously, as by opening a sluice; as, to sluice meadows. Howitt.

He dried his neck and face, which he had been sluicing with cold water. De Quincey.

3. To wash with, or in, a stream of water running through a sluice; as, to sluice eart or gold dust in mining.

Sluiceway

Sluice"way` (?), n. An artificial channel into which water is let by a sluice; specifically, a trough constructed over the bed of a stream, so that logs, lumber, or rubbish can be floated down to some convenient place of delivery.

Sluicy

Slui`cy (?), a. Falling copiously or in streams, as from a sluice.
And oft whole sheets descend of sluicy rain. Dryden.

Slum

Slum (?), n. [CF. Slump, n.]

1. A foul back street of a city, especially one filled with a poor, dirty, degraded, and often vicious population; any low neighborhood or dark retreat; -- usually in the plural; as, Westminster slums are haunts for theives. Dickens.

2. pl. (Mining) Same as Slimes.

Slumber

Slum"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slumbering.] [OE. slombren, slumberen, slumeren, AS. slumerian, fr. sluma slumber; akin to D. sluimeren to slumber, MHG. slummern, slumen, G. schlummern, Dan. slumre, Sw. slumra, Goth. slawan to be silent.]

1. To sleep; especially, to sleep lightly; to doze. Piers Plowman.

He that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. Ps. cxxi. 4.

2. To be in a state of negligence, sloth, supineness, or inactivity. "Why slumbers Pope?" Young.

Slumber

Slum"ber, v. t.

1. To lay to sleep. [R.] Wotton.

2. To stun; to stupefy. [Obs.] Spenser.

Slumber

Slum"ber, n. Sleep; especially, light sleep; sleep that is not deep or sound; repose.
He at last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, which detained him in that place until it was almost night. Bunyan.
Fast asleep? It is no matter; Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber. Shak.
Rest to my soul, and slumber to my eyes. Dryden.

Slumberer

Slum"ber*er (?), n. One who slumbers; a sleeper.

Slumberingly

Slum"ber*ing*ly, adv. In a slumbering manner.

Slumberless

Slum"ber*less, a. Without slumber; sleepless.

Slumberous

Slum"ber*ous (?), a.

1. Inviting slumber; soporiferous. "Pensive in the slumberous shade." Pope.

2. Being in the repose of slumber; sleepy; drowsy.

His quiet and almost slumberous countenance. Hawthorne.

Slumbery

Slum"ber*y (?), a. Sleepy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Slumbrous

Slum"brous (?), a. Slumberous. Keats.

Slumming

Slum"ming, vb. n. Visiting slums.

Slump

Slump (?), n. [Cf. D. slomp a mass, heap, Dan. slump a quantity, and E. slump, v.t.] The gross amount; the mass; the lump. [Scot.]

Slump

Slump, v. t. [Cf. Lump; also Sw. slumpa to bargain for the lump.] To lump; to throw into a mess.
These different groups . . . are exclusively slumped together under that sense. Sir W. Hamilton.

Slump

Slump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Slumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slumping.] [Scot. slump a dull noise produced by something falling into a hole, a marsh, a swamp.] To fall or sink suddenly through or in, when walking on a surface, as on thawing snow or ice, partly frozen ground, a bog, etc., not strong enough to bear the person.
The latter walk on a bottomless quag, into which unawares they may slump. Barrow.

Slump

Slump, n.

1. A boggy place. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. The noise made by anything falling into a hole, or into a soft, miry place. [Scot.]

Slumpy

Slump"y (?), a. Easily broken through; boggy; marshy; swampy. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

Slung

Slung (?), imp. & p. p. of Sling. Slung shot, a metal ball of small size, with a string attached, used by ruffians for striking.

Slunk

Slunk (?), imp. & p. p. of Slink.

Slur

Slur (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slurring (?).] [Cf. OE. sloor mud, clay, Icel. sl, slo, to trail or drag one's self along, D. sleuren, sloren, to train, to drag, to do negligently and slovenly, D. sloor, sloerie, a sluttish girl.]

1. To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace. Cudworth.

2. To disparage; to traduce. Tennyson.

3. To cover over; to disguise; to conceal; to pass over lightly or with little notice.

With periods, points, and tropes, he slurs his crimes. Dryden.

4. To cheat, as by sliding a die; to trick. [R.]

To slur men of what they fought for. Hudibras.

5. To pronounce indistinctly; as, to slur syllables.

6. (Mus.) To sing or perform in a smooth, gliding style; to connect smoothly in performing, as several notes or tones. Busby.

7. (Print.) To blur or double, as an impression from type; to mackle.

Slur

Slur, n.

1. A mark or stain; hence, a slight reproach or disgrace; a stigma; a reproachful intimation; an innuendo. "Gaining to his name a lasting slur." South.

2. A trick played upon a person; an imposition. [R.]

3. (Mus.) A mark, thus [&upslur; or &downslur;], connecting notes that are to be sung to the same syllable, or made in one continued breath of a wind instrument, or with one stroke of a bow; a tie; a sign of legato.

4. In knitting machines, a contrivance for depressing the sinkers successively by passing over them.

Slurred

Slurred (?), a. (Mus.) Marked with a slur; performed in a smooth, gliding style, like notes marked with a slur.

Slush

Slush (?), n. [Cf. Sw. slaska to paddle in water, slask wet, filth.] [Written also slosh.]

1. Soft mud.

2. A mixture of snow and water; half-melted snow.

3. A soft mixture of grease and other materials, used for lubrication.

4. The refuse grease and fat collected in cooking, especially on shipboard.

5. (Mach.) A mixture of white lead and lime, with which the bright parts of machines, such as the connecting rods of steamboats, are painted to be preserved from oxidation.

Slush

Slush (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Slushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slushing.]

1. To smear with slush or grease; as, to slush a mast.

2. To paint with a mixture of white lead and lime.

Slushy

Slush"y (?), a. Abounding in slush; characterized by soft mud or half-melted snow; as, the streets are slushy; the snow is slushy. "A dark, drizzling, slushy day." Blackw. Mag.

Slut

Slut (?), n. [OE. slutte; cf. OD. slodde a slut, Icel. sl\'94ttr a heavy, loglike fellow, slota to droop.]

1. An untidy woman; a slattern.

Sluts are good enough to make a sloven's porridge. Old Proverb.

2. A servant girl; a drudge. [Obs.]

Our little girl Susan is a most admirable slut, and pleases us mightly, doing more service than both the others. Pepys.

3. A female dog; a bitch.

Slutch

Slutch (?), n. [CF. Sludge.] Slush. [Prov. Eng.]

Slutchy

Slutch"y (?), a. Slushy. [Prov. Eng.] Pennant.

Sluthhound

Sluth"hound` (?), n. Sleuthhound.

Sluttery

Slut"ter*y (?), n. The qualities and practices of a slut; sluttishness; slatternlines. Drayton.

Sluttish

Slut"tish (?), a. Like a slut; untidy; indecently negligent of cleanliness; disorderly; as, a sluttish woman.
Why is thy lord so slutish, I thee pray. Chaucer.
An air of liberal, though sluttish, plenty, indicated the wealthy farmer. Sir W. Scott.
-- Slut"tish*ly, adv. -- Slut"tish*ness, n.

Sly

Sly (?), a. [Compar. Slier (?) or Slyer; superl. Sliest or Slyest.] [OE. sli, slegh, sleih, Icel sl, for sl; akin to Sw. slug, Dan. slu, LG. slou, G. schlau; probably to E. slay, v.t.; cf. G. verschlagen sly. See Slay, v. t., and cf. Sleight.]

1. Dexterous in performing an action, so as to escape notice; nimble; skillful; cautious; shrewd; knowing; -- in a good sense.

Be ye sly as serpents, and simple as doves. Wyclif (Matt. x. 16).
Whom graver age And long experience hath made wise and sly. Fairfax.

2. Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous; wily.

For my sly wiles and subtle craftiness, The litle of the kingdom I possess. Spenser.

3. Done with, and marked by, artful and dexterous secrecy; subtle; as, a sly trick.

Envy works in a sly and imperceptible manner. I. Watts.

4. Light or delicate; slight; thin. [Obs.] By the sly, ∨ On the sly, in a sly or secret manner. [Colloq.] "Gazed on Hetty's charms by the sly." G. Eliot. -- Sly goose (Zo\'94l.), the common sheldrake; -- so named from its craftiness. Syn. -- Cunning; crafty; subtile; wily. See Cunning.

Sly

Sly, adv. Slyly. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.

Slyboots

Sly"boots` (?), n. A humerous appellation for a sly, cunning, or waggish person.
Slyboots was cursedly cunning to hide 'em. Goldsmith.

Slyly

Sly"ly, adv. In a sly manner; shrewdly; craftily.
Honestly and slyly he it spent. Chaucer.

Slyness

Sly"ness, n. The quality or state of being sly.

Slype

Slype (?), n. [Cf. D. sluipen to sneak.] (Arch.) A narrow passage between two buildings, as between the transept and chapter house of a monastery. [Eng.]

Smack

Smack (?), n. [D. smak; akin to LG. smack, smak, Dan. smakke, G. schmacke, F. semaque.] (Naut.) A small sailing vessel, commonly rigged as a sloop, used chiefly in the coasting and fishing trade.

Smack

Smack, n. [OE. smak, AS. ssm taste, savor; akin to D. smaak, G. geschmack, OHG. smac; cf. Lith. smagus pleasant. Cf. Smack, v. i.]

1. Taste or flavor, esp. a slight taste or flavor; savor; tincture; as, a smack of bitter in the medicine. Also used figuratively.

So quickly they have taken a smack in covetousness. Robynson (More's Utopia).
They felt the smack of this world. Latimer.

2. A small quantity; a taste. Dryden.

3. A loud kiss; a buss. "A clamorous smack." Shak.

4. A quick, sharp noise, as of the lips when suddenly separated, or of a whip.

5. A quick, smart blow; a slap. Johnson.

Smack

Smack, adv. As if with a smack or slap. [Colloq.]

Smack

Smack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smacking.] [OE. smaken to taste, have a taste, -- from the noun; cf. AS. smecan taste; akin to D. smaken, G. schmecken, OHG. smechen to taste, smachschmatzen to smack the lips, to kiss with a sharp noise, MHG. smatzen, smackzeen), Icel smakka to taste, Sw. smaka, Dan. smage. See 2d Smack, n.]

1. To have a smack; to be tinctured with any particular taste.

2. To have or exhibit indications of the presence of any character or quality.

All sects, all ages, smack of this vice. Shak.

3. To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make a sound when they separate; to kiss with a sharp noise; to buss.

4. To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting anything.

Smack

Smack, v. t.

1. To kiss with a sharp noise; to buss.

2. To open, as the lips, with an inarticulate sound made by a quick compression and separation of the parts of the mouth; to make a noise with, as the lips, by separating them in the act of kissing or after tasting.

Drinking off the cup, and smacking his lips with an air of ineffable relish. Sir W. Scott.

3. To make a sharp noise by striking; to crack; as, to smack a whip. "She smacks the silken thong." Young.

Smacking

Smack"ing, n. A sharp, quick noise; a smack.
Like the faint smacking of an after kiss. Dryden.
Page 1358

Smacking

Smack"ing (?), a. Making a sharp, brisk sound; hence, brisk; as, a smacking breeze.

Small

Small (?), a. [Compar. Smaller (?); superl. Smallest.] [OE. small, AS. sm$l; akin to D. smal narrow, OS. & OHG. smal small, G. schmal narrow, Dan. & Sw. smal, Goth. smals small, Icel. smali smal cattle, sheep, or goats; cf. Gr.

1. Having little size, compared with other things of the same kind; little in quantity or degree; diminutive; not large or extended in dimension; not great; not much; inconsiderable; as, a small man; a small river.

To compare Great things with small. Milton.

2. Being of slight consequence; feeble in influence or importance; unimportant; trivial; insignificant; as, a small fault; a small business.

3. Envincing little worth or ability; not large-minded; -- sometimes, in reproach, paltry; mean.

A true delineation of the smallest man is capable of interesting the reatest man. Carlyle.

4. Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short; as, after a small space. Shak.

5. Weak; slender; fine; gentle; soft; not loud. "A still, small voice." 1 Kings xix. 12. Great and small,of all ranks or degrees; -- used especially of persons. "His quests, great and small." Chaucer. -- Small arms, muskets, rifles, pistols, etc., in distinction from cannon. -- Small beer. See under Beer. -- Small coal. (a) Little coals of wood formerly used to light fires. Gay. (b) Coal about the size of a hazelnut, separated from the coarser parts by screening. -- Small craft (Naut.), a vessel, or vessels in general, of a small size. -- Small fruits. See under Fruit. -- Small hand, a certain size of paper. See under Paper. -- Small hours. See under Hour. -- Small letter. (Print.), a lower-case letter. See Lower-case, and Capital letter, under Capital, a. -- Small piece, a Scotch coin worth about 2 -- Small register. See the Note under 1st Register, 7. -- Small stuff (Naut.), spun yarn, marline, and the smallest kinds of rope. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Small talk, light or trifling conversation; chitchat. -- Small wares (Com.), various small textile articles, as tapes, braid, tringe, and the like. M\'bfCulloch.

Small

Small, adv.

1. In or to small extent, quantity, or degree; little; slightly. [Obs.] "I wept but small." Chaucer. "It small avails my mood." Shak.

2. Not loudly; faintly; timidly. [Obs. or Humorous]

You may speak as small as you will. Shak.

Small

Small, n.

1. The small or slender part of a thing; as, the small of the leg or of the back.

2. pl. Smallclothes. [Colloq.] Hood. Dickens.

3. pl. Same as Little go. See under Little, a.

Small

Small, v. t. To make little or less. [Obs.]

Smallage

Small"age (?), n. [Small + F. ache smallage. See Ach parsley.] (Bot.) A biennial umbelliferous plant (Apium graveolens) native of the seacoats of Europe and Asia. When deprived of its acrid and even poisonous properties by cultivation, it becomes celery.

Smallclothes

Small"clothes` (?), n. pl. A man's garment for the hips and thighs; breeches. See Breeches.

Smallish

Small"ish, a. Somewhat small. G. W. Cable.

Smallness

Small"ness, n. The quality or state of being small.

Smallpox

Small"pox` (?), n. [Small + pox, pocks.] (Med.) A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized by a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at first a collection of papules which become vesicles (first flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough after a certain time, often leaving a pit, or scar.<-- now no longer observed, after a long campaing of vaccination apparently succeeded in eliminating all human carriers by 1995. -->

Smalls

Smalls (?), n. pl. See Small, n., 2, 3.

Smallsword

Small"sword` (?), n. A light sword used for thrusting only; especially, the sword worn by civilians of rank in the eighteenth century.

Smally

Smal"ly (?), adv. In a small quantity or degree; with minuteness. [R.] Ascham.

Smalt

Smalt (?), n. [It. smalto, LL. smaltum; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. smalz grease, butter, G. schmalz grease, OHG. smelzan to melt, G. schmelzen. See Smelt, v. t., and cf. Amel, Enamel.] A deep blue pigment or coloring material used in various arts. It is a vitreous substance made of cobalt, potash, and calcined quartz fused, and reduced to a powder.

Smalt-blue

Smalt"-blue` (?), a. Deep blue, like smalt.

Smaltine, Smaltite

Smalt"ine (?), Smalt"ite (?), n. [See Smalt.] (Min.) A tin-white or gray mineral of metallic luster. It is an arsenide of cobalt, nickel, and iron. Called also speiskobalt.

Smaragd

Smar"agd (?), n. [L. smaragdus. See Emerald.] The emerald. [Obs.] Bale.

Smaragdine

Sma*rag"dine (?), a. [L. smaragdinus, Gr. Of or pertaining to emerald; resembling emerald; of an emerald green.

Smaragdite

Sma*rag"dite (?), n. [Cf. F. smaragdite; -- so called from its emerald-green color. See Smaragd.] (Min.) A green foliated kind of amphibole, observed in eclogite and some varietis of gabbro.

Smart

Smart (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smarted; p. pr. & vb. n. Smarting.] [OE. smarten, AS. smeortan; akin to D. smarten, smerten, G. schmerzen, OHG. smerzan, Dan. smerte, SW. sm\'84rta, D. smart, smert, a pain, G. schmerz, Ohg. smerzo, and probably to L. mordere to bite; cf. Gr. m to rub, crush. Cf. Morsel.]

1. To feel a lively, pungent local pain; -- said of some part of the body as the seat of irritation; as, my finger smarts; these wounds smart. Chaucer. Shak.

2. To feel a pungent pain of mind; to feel sharp pain or grief; to suffer; to feel the sting of evil.

No creature smarts so little as a fool. Pope.
He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.

Smart

Smart, v. t. To cause a smart in. "A goad that . . . smarts the flesh." T. Adams.

Smart

Smart, n. [OE. smerte. See Smart, v. i.]

1. Quick, pungent, lively pain; a pricking local pain, as the pain from puncture by nettles. "In pain's smart." Chaucer.

2. Severe, pungent pain of mind; pungent grief; as, the smart of affliction.

To stand 'twixt us and our deserved smart. Milton.
Counsel mitigates the greatest smart. Spenser.

3. A fellow who affects smartness, briskness, and vivacity; a dandy. [Slang] Fielding.

4. Smart money (see below). [Canf]

Smart

Smart (?), a. [Compar. Smarter (?); superl. Smartest.] [OE. smerte. See Smart, v. i.]

1. Causing a smart; pungent; pricking; as, a smart stroke or taste.

How smart lash that speech doth give my conscience. Shak.

2. Keen; severe; poignant; as, smart pain.

3. Vigorous; sharp; severe. "Smart skirmishes, in which many fell." Clarendon.

4. Accomplishing, or able to accomplish, results quickly; active; sharp; clever. [Colloq.]

5. Efficient; vigorous; brilliant. "The stars shine smarter." Dryden.

6. Marked by acuteness or shrewdness; quick in suggestion or reply; vivacious; witty; as, a smart reply; a smart saying.

Who, for the poor renown of being smart Would leave a sting within a brother's heart? Young.
A sentence or two, . . . which I thought very smart. Addison.

7. Pretentious; showy; spruce; as, a smart gown. <-- in modifying dress or appearance, now used in the sense of "neat, trim", or "stylish, attractive, elegant." -->

8. Brisk; fresh; as, a smart breeze. Smart money. (a) Money paid by a person to buy himself off from some unpleasant engagement or some painful situation. (b) (Mil.) Money allowed to soldiers or sailors, in the English service, for wounds and injures received; also, a sum paid by a recruit, previous to being sworn in, to procure his release from service. (c) (Law) Vindictive or exemplary damages; damages beyond a full compensation for the actual injury done. Burrill. Greenleaf.<-- = punitive damages?. (d) (Finance) Knowledgeable investors or bettors. "The smart money says that technology stocks are at a peak." --> -- Smart ticket, a certificate given to wounded seamen, entitling them to smart money. [Eng.] Brande & C. Syn. -- Pungent; poignant; sharp; tart; acute; quick; lively; brisk; witty; clever; keen; dashy; showy. -- Smart, Clever. Smart has been much used in New England to describe a person who is intelligent, vigorous, and active; as, a smart young fellow; a smart workman, etc., conciding very nearly with the English sense of clever. The nearest approach to this in England is in such expressions as, he was smart (pungent or witty) in his reply, etc.; but smart and smartness, when applied to persons, more commonly refer to dress; as, a smart appearance; a smart gown, etc.

Smarten

Smart"en (?), v. t. To make smart or spruce; -- usually with up. [Colloq.]
She had to go and smarten herself up somewhat. W. Black.

Smartle

Smar"tle (?), v. i. To waste away. [Prov. Eng.]

Smartly

Smart"ly (?), adv. In a smart manner.

Smartness

Smart"ness, n. The quality or state of being smart.

Smartweed

Smart"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) An acrid plant of the genus Polygonum (P. Hydropiper), which produces smarting if applied where the skin is tender.

Smash

Smash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smashed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Smashing.] [Cf. Sw. smisk a blow, stroke, smiska to strike, dial. Sw. smaske to kiss with a noise, and E. smack a loud kiss, a slap.] To break in pieces by violence; to dash to pieces; to crush.
Here everything is broken and smashed to pieces. Burke.

Smash

Smash, v. i. To break up, or to pieces suddenly, as the result of collision or pressure.

Smash

Smash, n.

1. A breaking or dashing to pieces; utter destruction; wreck.

2. Hence, bankruptcy. [Colloq.]

Smasher

Smash"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, smashes or breaks things to pieces.

2. Anything very large or extraordinary. [Slang]

3. One who passes counterfeit coin. [Cant, Eng.]

Smatch

Smatch (?), n. [OE. smach, smak. See Smack taste.] Taste; tincture; smack. [Obs.]
Thy life hath had some smatch of honor in it. Shak.

Smatch

Smatch, v. i. To smack. [Obs.] Banister (1578).

Smatter

Smat"ter (?), v. i. [OE. smateren to make a noise; cf. Sw. smattra to clatter, to crackle, G. schmettern to dash, crash, to warble, quaver.]

1. To talk superficially or ignorantly; to babble; to chatter.

Of state affairs you can not smatter. Swift.

2. To have a slight taste, or a slight, superficial knowledge, of anything; to smack.

Smatter

Smat"ter, v. t.

1. To talk superficially about.

2. To gain a slight taste of; to acquire a slight, superficial knowledge of; to smack. Chaucer.

Smatter

Smat"ter, n. Superficial knowledge; a smattering.

Smatterer

Smat"ter*er (?), n. One who has only a slight, superficial knowledge; a sciolist.

Smattering

Smat"ter*ing, n. A slight, superficial knowledge of something; sciolism.
I had a great desire, not able to attain to a superficial skill in any, to have some smattering in all. Burton.

Smear

Smear (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smearing.] [OE. smeren, smerien, AS. smierwan, smyrwan, fr. smeoru fat, grease; akin to D. smeren, OHG. smirwen, G. schmieren, Icel. smyrja to anoint. See Smear, n.]

1. To overspread with anything unctuous, viscous, or adhesive; to daub; as, to smear anything with oil. "Smear the sleepy grooms with blood." Shak.

2. To soil in any way; to contaminate; to pollute; to stain morally; as, to be smeared with infamy. Shak.

Smear

Smear, n. [OE. smere,. smeoru fat, grease; akin to D. smeer, G. schmeer, OHG. smero, Icel. smj\'94r, Sw. & Dan. sm\'94r butter, Goth. sma\'a1r fatness, smarna dung; cf. Lith. smarsas fat. Cf. Smirch.]

1. A fat, oily substance; oinment. Johnson.

2. Hence, a spot made by, or as by, an unctuous or adhesive substance; a blot or blotch; a daub; a stain.

Slow broke the morn, All damp and rolling vapor, with no sun, But in its place a moving smear of light. Alexander Smith.

Smear dab

Smear" dab" (?). (Zo\'94l.) The sand fluke (b). [Prov. Eng.]

Smeared

Smeared (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the color mark ings ill defined, as if rubbed; as, the smeared dagger moth (Apatela oblinita). <-- #sic ?sp. Under "dagger moth", it says genus = Apatalea -->

Smeary

Smear"y (?), a. Tending to smear or soil; adhesive; viscous. Rowe.

Smeath

Smeath (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The smew. [Prov. Eng.]

Smectite

Smec"tite (?), n. [G. smectit, fr. Gr. (Min.) A hydrous silicate of alumina, of a greenish color, which, in certain states of humidity, appears transparent and almost gelatinous.

Smee

Smee (?), n. [Cf. Smew.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail duck. (b) The widgeon. (c) The poachard. (d) The smew. [Prov. Eng.]

Smeeth

Smeeth (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.] To smoke; to blacken with smoke; to rub with soot. [Obs.]

Smeeth

Smeeth (?), v. t. [OE. sme, AS. sm. See Smooth.] To smooth. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Smegma

Smeg"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) The matter secreted by any of the sebaceous glands. Specifically: (a) The soapy substance covering the skin of newborn infants. (b) The cheesy, sebaceous matter which collects between the glans penis and the foreskin.

Smegmatic

Smeg*mat"ic (?), a. Being of the nature of soap; soapy; cleansing; detersive.

Smeir

Smeir (?), n. A salt glaze on pottery, made by adding common salt to an earthenware glaze.

Smell

Smell (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smelled (?), Smelt (; p. pr. & vb. n. Smelling.] [OE. smellen, smillen, smullen; cf. LG. smellen, smelen, sm\'94len, schmelen, to smoke, to reek, D. smeulen to smolder, and E. smolder. Cf. Smell, n.]

1. To perceive by the olfactory nerves, or organs of smell; to have a sensation of, excited through the nasal organs when affected by the appropriate materials or qualities; to obtain the scent of; as, to smell a rose; to smell perfumes.

2. To detect or perceive, as if by the sense of smell; to scent out; -- often with out. "I smell a device." Shak.

Can you smell him out by that? Shak.

3. To give heed to. [Obs.]

From that time forward I began to smellthe Word of God, and forsook the school doctors. Latimer.
To smell a rat, to have a sense of something wrong, not clearly evident; to have reason for suspicion. [Colloq.] -- To smell out, to find out by sagacity. [Colloq.]

Smell

Smell, v. i.

1. To affect the olfactory nerves; to have an odor or scent; -- often followed by of; as, to smell of smoke, or of musk.

2. To have a particular tincture or smack of any quality; to savor; as, a report smells of calumny.

Praises in an enemy are superfluous, or smell of craft. Milton.

3. To exercise the sense of smell. Ex. xxx. 38.

4. To exercise sagacity. Shak.

Smell

Smell, n. [OE. smel, smil, smul, smeol. See Smell, v. t.] (Physiol.)

1. The sense or faculty by which certain qualities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentally of the olfactory nerves. See Sense.

2. The quality of any thing or substance, or emanation therefrom, which affects the olfactory organs; odor; scent; fragrance; perfume; as, the smell of mint.

Breathing the smell of field and grove. Milton.
That which, above all others, yields the sweetest smell in the air, is the violent. Bacon.
Syn. -- Scent; odor; perfume; fragrance.

Smeller

Smell"er (?), n.

1. One who smells, or perceives by the sense of smell; one who gives out smell.

2. The nose. [Pugilists' Slang]

Smell-feast

Smell"-feast` (?), n.

1. One who is apt to find and frequent good tables; a parasite; a sponger.

The epicure and the smell-feast. South.

2. A feast at which the guests are supposed to feed upon the odors only of the viands.

Smelling

Smell"ing, n.

1. The act of one who smells.

2. The sense by which odors are perceived; the sense of smell. Locke. Smelling bottle, a small bottle filled with something suited to stimulate the sense of smell, or to remove faintness, as spirits of ammonia.

Smell-less

Smell"-less, a. Destitute of smell; having no odor.
Daisies smell-less, yet most quaint. Beau & Fl.

Smelt

Smelt (?), imp. & p. p. of Smell.

Smelt

Smelt, n. [AS. smelt, smylt; akin to Dan. smelt.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small silvery salmonoid fishes of the genus Osmerus and allied genera, which ascend rivers to spawn, and sometimes become landlocked in lakes. They are esteemed as food, and have a peculiar odor and taste. &hand; The most important species are the European smelt (Osmerus eperlans) (called also eperlan, sparling, and spirling), the Eastern American smelt (O. mordax), the California smelt (O. thalichthys), and the surf smelt (Hypomesus olidus). The name is loosely applied to various other small fishes, as the lant, the California tomcod, the spawn eater, the silverside.

2. Fig.: A gull; a simpleton. [Obs.] eau & Fl. Sand smelt (Zo\'94l.), the silverside.

Smelt

Smelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Smelting.] [Of foreign origin; cf. Sw. sm\'84lta, D. smelten, Dan. smelte, Icel. smelta, G. schmelzen OHG. smelzan, smelzen; probably akin to Gr. Enamel, Melt, Mute, v. i., Smalt.] (Metal.) To melt or fuse, as, ore, for the purpose of separating and refining the metal; hence, to reduce; to refine; to flux or scorify; as, to smelt tin.
Page 1359

Smelter

Smelt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, smelts.

Smeltery

Smelt"er*y (?), n. A house or place for smelting.

Smeltie

Smelt"ie (?), n. A fish, the bib. [Prov. Eng.]

Smelting

Smelt"ing, a. & n. from Smelt. Smelting furnace (Metal.), a furnace in which ores are smelted or reduced.

Smerk

Smerk (?), n. & v. See Smirk.

Smerk, Smerky

Smerk (?), Smerk"y (?), a. Smart; jaunty; spruce. See Smirk, a. [Obs.]
So smerk, so smooth, his pricked ears. Spenser.

Smerlin

Smer"lin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small loach.

Smew

Smew (?), n. [Perhaps for ice-mew.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) small European merganser (Mergus albellus) which has a white crest; -- called also smee, smee duck, white merganser, and white nun. (b) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]

Smicker

Smick"er (?), v. i. [Akin to Sw. smickra to flatter, Dan. smigre, and perhaps to G. schmeicheln, and E. smile. Cf. Smicker, a.] To look amorously or wantonly; to smirk.

Smicker

Smick"er, a. [AS. smicere tasteful, trim. See Smicker, v.] Amorous; wanton; gay; spruce. [Obs.]

Smickering

Smick"er*ing, n. Amorous glance or inclination. [Obs.] "A smickering to our young lady." Dryden.

Smicket

Smick"et (?), n. [Dim. of smock.] A woman's under-garment; a smock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

Smickly

Smick"ly, adv. Smugly; finically. [Obs.] Ford.

Smiddy

Smid"dy (?), n. [See Smithy.] A smithy. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Smift

Smift (?), n. A match for firing a charge of powder, as in blasting; a fuse.

Smight

Smight (?), v. t. To smite. [Obs.] Spenser.

Smilacin

Smil"a*cin (?), n. [Cf. F. similacine. See Smilax.] (Chem.) See Parrilin.

Smilax

Smi"lax (?), n. [L., bindweed, Gr. (Bot.) (a) A genus of perennial climbing plants, usually with a prickly woody stem; green brier, or cat brier. The rootstocks of certain species are the source of the medicine called sarsaparilla. (b) A delicate trailing plant (Myrsiphyllum asparagoides) much used for decoration. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Smile

Smile (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smiling.] [OE. smilen; akin to Dan. smile, Sw. smila, MHG. smielen, smieren, L. mirari to wonder at, Skr. smi to smile; and probably to E. smicker. &root;173. Cf. Admire, Marvel, Smirk.]

1. To express amusement, pleasure, moderate joy, or love and kindness, by the features of the face; to laugh silently.

He doth nothing but frown . . . He hears merry tales and smiles not. Shak.
She led to see the doughty hero slain. Pope.
When last I saw thy young blue eyes, they smiled. Byron.

2. To express slight contempt by a look implying sarcasm or pity; to sneer.

'T was what I said to Craggs and Child, Who praised my modesty, and smiled. Pope.

3. To look gay and joyous; to have an appearance suited to excite joy; as, smiling spring; smilimg plenty.

The desert smiled, And paradise was opened in the wild. Pope.

4. To be propitious or favorable; to favor; to countenance; -- often with on; as, to smile on one's labors.

Smile

Smile, v. t.

1. To express by a smile; as, to smile consent; to smile a welcome to visitors.

2. To affect in a certain way with a smile. [R.]

And sharply smile prevailing folly dead. Young.

Smile

Smile, n. [CF. Dan. smiil, Sw. smil. See Smile, v. i.]

1. The act of smiling; a peculiar change or brightening of the face, which expresses pleasure, moderate joy, mirth, approbation, or kindness; -- opposed to frown.

Sweet intercourse Of looks and smiles: for smiles from reason flow. Milton.

2. A somewhat similar expression of countenance, indicative of satisfaction combined with malevolent feelings, as contempt, scorn, etc; as, a scornful smile.

3. Favor; countenance; propitiousness; as, the smiles of Providence. "The smile of heaven." Shak.

4. Gay or joyous appearance; as, the smiles of spring.

The brightness of their [the flowers'] smile was gone. Bryant.

Smileless

Smile"less (?), a. Not having a smile.

Smiler

Smil"er (?), n. One who smiles. Tennyson.

Smilet

Smil"et (?), n. A little smile. [R.]
Those happy smilets That played on her ripe lip. Shak.

Smilingly

Smil"ing*ly, adv. In a smiling manner. Shak.

Smilingness

Smil"ing*ness, n. Quality or state of being smiling.
And made despair a smilingness assume. Byron.

Smilodon

Smi"lo*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of saber-toothed tigers. See Mach.

Smilt

Smilt (?), v. i. To melt. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Sminthurid

Smin*thu"rid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous small species of springtails, of the family Sminthurid, -- usually found on flowers. See Illust. under Collembola.

Smirch

Smirch (?), v. t. [From the root of smear.] To smear with something which stains, or makes dirty; to smutch; to begrime; to soil; to sully.
I'll . . . with a kind of umber smirch my face. Shak.

Smirch

Smirch (?), n. A smutch; a dirty stain.

Smirk

Smirk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smirked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smirking.] [OE. smirken, ASS. smercian, smearcian; cf. MHG. smieren, smielen, to smile. See Smile, v. i.] To smile in an affected or conceited manner; to smile with affected complaisance; to simper.

Smirk

Smirk, n. A forced or affected smile; a simper.
The bride, all smirk and blush, had just entered. Sir W. Scott.

Smirk

Smirk, a. Nice,; smart; spruce; affected; simpering. "So smirk, so smooth." Spenser.

Smirkingly

Smirk"ing*ly, adv. With smirking; with a smirk.

Smirky

Smirk"y (?), a. Smirk; smirking.

Smit

Smit (?), rare imp. & p. p. of Smite. Spenser.
Smit with the beauty of so fair a scene. Cowper.

Smit

Smit, obs. 3d. pers. sing. pres. of Smite. Chaucer.

Smite

Smite (?), v. t. [imp. Smoth (?), rarely Smit (; p. p. Smitten (?), rarely Smit, or Smote; p. pr. & vb. n. Smiting (?).] [AS. sm\'c6tan to smite, to soil, pollute; akin to OFries. sm\'c6ta to smite, LG. smiten, D. smijten, G. schmeissen, OHG. sm\'c6zan to smear, stroke, OSw. & dial. Sw. smita to smite, Dan. smiide to throw, Goth. bismeitan, to anoint, besmear; cf. Skr. m to be fat. The original sense seems to have been, to daub on, to smear. Cf. Smut.]

1. To strike; to inflict a blow upon with the hand, or with any instrument held in the hand, or with a missile thrown by the hand; as, to smite with the fist, with a rod, sword, spear, or stone.

Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. 39.
And David . . . took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead. 1 Sam. xvii. 49.

2. To cause to strike; to use as an instrument in striking or hurling.

Profpesy, and smite thine hands together. Ezek. xxi. 14.
Saul . . . smote the javelin into the wall. 1 Sam. xix. 10.

3. To destroy the life of by beating, or by weapons of any kind; to slay by a blow; to kill; as, to smite one with the sword, or with an arrow or other instrument.

4. To put to rout in battle; to overthrow by war.

5. To blast; to destroy the life or vigor of, as by a stroke or by some visitation.

The flax and the barely was smitten. Ex. ix. 31.

6. To afflict; to chasten; to punish.

Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he smites us, that we are forsaken by him. Wake.

7. To strike or affect with passion, as love or fear.

The charms that smite the simple heart. Pope.
Smith with the love of sister arts we came. Pope.
To smite off, to cut off. -- To smite out, to knock out, as a tooth. Exod,xxi.27. -- To smite with the tongue, to reproach or upbarid; to revile. [Obs.] Jer. xviii. 18.

Smite

Smite, v. i. To strike; to collide; to beat. [Archaic]
The heart meleth, and the knees smite together. Nah. ii. 10.

Smite

Smite, n. The act of smiting; a blow.

Smiter

Smit"er (?), n. One who smites.
I give my back to the smiters. Isa. l. 6.

Smith

Smith (?), n. [AS. smi; akin to D. smid, G. schmied, OHG. smid, Icel. smi, Dan. & Sw. smed, Goth. smi (in comp.); cf. Gr.

1. One who forgess with the hammer; one who works in metals; as, a blacksmith, goldsmith, silversmith, and the like. Piers Plowman.

Nor yet the smith hath learned to form a sword. Tate.

2. One who makes or effects anything. [R.] Dryden.

Smith

Smith, v. t. [AS. smi. See Smith, n.] To beat into shape; to fprge. [Obs.] Chaucer.
What smith that any [weapon] smitheth. Piers Plowman.

Smithcraft

Smith"craft` (?), n. The art or occupation of a smith; smithing. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Smither

Smith"er, n.

1. Light, fine rain. [Prov. Eng.]

2. pl. Fragments; atoms; finders. [Prov. Eng.]

Smash the bottle to smithers. Tennyson.

Smithereens

Smith`er*eens" (?), n. pl. Fragments; atoms; smithers. [Colloq.] W. Black.

Smithery

Smith"er*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (.

1. The workshop of a smith; a smithy or stithy.

2. Work done by a smith; smithing.

The din of all his smithery may some time or other possibly wake this noble duke. Burke.

Smithing

Smith"ing, n. The act or art of working or forging metals, as iron, into any desired shape. Moxon.

Smithsonian

Smith*so"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Englishman J.L.M. Smithson, or to the national institution of learning which he endowed at Washington, D.C.; as, the Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Reports. -- n. The Smithsonian Institution.<-- capitalized -->

Smithsonite

Smith"son*ite (?), n. [See Smithsonian.] (Min.) Native zinc carbonate. It generally occurs in stalactitic, reniform, or botryoidal shapes, of a white to gray, green, or brown color. See Note under Calamine.

Smithy

Smith"y (?), n. [AS. smi, fr. smi; akin to D. smidse, smids, OHG. smitta, G. schmiede, Icel. smi. See Smith, n.] The workshop of a smith, esp. a blacksmith; a smithery; a stithy. [Written also smiddy.]
Under a spreading chestnut tree The village smithy stands. Lonfellow.

Smitt

Smitt (?), n. [CF. G. schmitz a stain, schmitzen besmear. See Smite, v. t.] Fine clay or ocher made up into balls, used for marking sheep. [Eng.] Woodsward.

Smitten

Smit"ten (?), p. p. of Smite.

Smittle

Smit"tle (?), v. t. [Freq. fr. OE. smitten to befoul. See Smite, v. t.] To infect. [Prov. Eng.]

Smittle

Smit"tle, n. Infection. [Pov. Eng.] Wright.

Smittle, Smittlish

Smit"tle (?), Smit"tlish (?), a. Infectious; catching. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] H. Kingsley.

Smock

Smock (?), n. [AS. smoc; akin to OHG. smocho, Icel. smokkr, and from the root of AS. sm to creep, akin to G. schmiegen to cling to, press close. MHG. smiegen, Icel. smj to creep through, to put on a garment which has a hole to put the head through; cf. Lith. smukti to glide. Cf. Smug, Smuggle.]

1. A woman's under-garment; a shift; a chemise.

In her smock, with head and foot all bare. Chaucer.

2. A blouse; a smoock frock. Carlyle.

Smock

Smock (?), a. Of or pertaining to a smock; resembling a smock; hence, of or pertaining to a woman. Smock mill, a windmill of which only the cap turns round to meet the wind, in distinction from a post mill, whose whole building turns on a post. -- Smock race, a race run by women for the prize of a smock. [Prov. Eng.]

Smock

Smock, v. t. To provide with, or clothe in, a smock or a smock frock. Tennyson.

Smock-faced

Smock"-faced` (?), a. Having a feminine countenance or complexion; smooth-faced; girlish. Fenton.

Smock frock

Smock" frock` (?). A coarse frock, or shirt, worn over the other dress, as by farm laborers. Macaulay.

Smockless

Smock"less, a. Wanting a smock. Chaucer.

Smokable

Smok"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being smoked; suitable or ready to be smoked; as, smokable tobacco.

Smoke

Smoke (?), n. [AS. smoca, fr. sme\'a2can to smoke; akin to LG. & D. smook smoke, Dan. sm\'94g, G. schmauch, and perh. to Gr. smaugti to choke.]

1. The visible exhalation, vapor, or substance that escapes, or expelled, from a burning body, especially from burning vegetable matter, as wood, coal, peat, or the like. &hand; The gases of hydrocarbons, raised to a red heat or thereabouts, without a mixture of air enough to produce combustion, disengage their carbon in a fine powder, forming smoke. The disengaged carbon when deposited on solid bodies is soot.

2. That which resembles smoke; a vapor; a mist.

3. Anything unsubstantial, as idle talk. Shak.

4. The act of smoking, esp. of smoking tobacco; as, to have a smoke. [Colloq.] &hand; Smoke is sometimes joined with other word. forming self-explaining compounds; as, smoke-consuming, smoke-dried, smoke-stained, etc. Smoke arch, the smoke box of a locomotive. -- Smoke ball (Mil.), a ball or case containing a composition which, when it burns, sends forth thick smoke. -- Smoke black, lampblack. [Obs.] -- Smoke board, a board suspended before a fireplace to prevent the smoke from coming out into the room. -- Smoke box, a chamber in a boiler, where the smoke, etc., from the furnace is collected before going out at the chimney. -- Smoke sail (Naut.), a small sail in the lee of the galley stovepipe, to prevent the smoke from annoying people on deck. -- Smoke tree (Bot.), a shrub (Rhus Cotinus) in which the flowers are mostly abortive and the panicles transformed into tangles of plumose pedicels looking like wreaths of smoke. -- To end in smoke, to burned; hence, to be destroyed or ruined; figuratively, to come to nothing.<-- same as go up in smoke. --> Syn. -- Fume; reek; vapor.

Smoke

Smoke, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smoked (?); p. pr. & vb n. Smoking.] [AS. smocian; akin to D. smoken, G. schmauchen, Dan. sm\'94ge. See Smoke, n.]

1. To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in the form of vapor or exhalation; to reek.

Hard by a cottage chimney smokes. Milton.

2. Hence, to burn; to be kindled; to rage.

The anger of the Lord and his jealousy shall smoke agains. that man. Deut. xxix. 20.

3. To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.

Proud of his steeds, he smokes along the field. Dryden.

4. To draw into the mouth the smoke of tobacco burning in a pipe or in the form of a cigar, cigarette, etc.; to habitually use tobacco in this manner.

5. To suffer severely; to be punished.

Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome. Shak.
<-- To be smoking, (a) [Colloq] (Entertainment, sports) To perform in an exciting manner. (b) (Gambling) To be winning in a long streak -->

Smoke

Smoke, v. t.

1. To apply smoke to; to hang in smoke; to disinfect, to cure, etc., by smoke; as, to smoke or fumigate infected clothing; to smoke beef or hams for preservation.

2. To fill or scent with smoke; hence, to fill with incense; to perfume. "Smoking the temple." Chaucer.

3. To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.

I alone Smoked his true person, talked with him. Chapman.
He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu. Shak.
Upon that . . . I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers. Addison.

4. To ridicule to the face; to quiz. [Old Slang]

5. To inhale and puff out the smoke of, as tobacco; to burn or use in smoking; as, to smoke a pipe or a cigar.

6. To subject to the operation of smoke, for the purpose of annoying or driving out; -- often with out; as, to smoke a woodchuck out of his burrow. <-- also used metaphorically, to expose, to cause to be made public; to drive out, as if by smoke. -->

Smoke-dry

Smoke"-dry` (?), v. t. To dry by or in smoke.

Smokehouse

Smoke"house` (?), n. A building where meat or fish is cured by subjecting it to a dense smoke.

Smokejack

Smoke"jack` (?), n. A contrivance for turning a spit by means of a fly or wheel moved by the current of ascending air in a chimney.

Smokeless

Smoke"less, a. Making or having no smoke. "Smokeless towers." Pope.

Smoker

Smok"er (?), n.

1. One who dries or preserves by smoke.

2. One who smokes tobacco or the like.

3. A smoking car or compartment. [U. S.]

Smokestack

Smoke"stack` (?), n. A chimney; esp., a pipe serving as a chimney, as the pipe which carries off the smoke of a locomotive, the funnel of a steam vessel, etc.
Page 1360

Smokily

Smok"i*ly (?), adv. In a smoky manner.

Smokiness

Smok"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being smoky.

Smoking

Smok"ing, a. & n. from Smoke. Smoking bean (Bot.), the long pod of the catalpa, or Indian-bean tree, often smoked by boys as a substitute for cigars. -- Smoking car, a railway car carriage reserved for the use of passengers who smoke tobacco.

Smoky

Smok"y (?), a. [Compar. Smokier (?); superl. Smokiest.]

1. Emitting smoke, esp. in large quantities or in an offensive manner; fumid; as, smoky fires.

2. Having the appearance or nature of smoke; as, a smoky fog. "Unlustrous as the smoky light." Shak.

3. Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling smoke; thick; as, a smoky atmosphere.

4. Subject to be filled with smoke from chimneys or fireplace; as, a smoky house.

5. Tarnished with smoke; noisome with smoke; as, smoky rafters; smoky cells.

6. Suspicious; open to suspicion. [Obs.] Foote. Smoky quartz (Min.), a variety of quartz crystal of a pale to dark smoky-brown color. See Quartz.

Smolder, Smoulder

Smol"der, Smoul"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smoldered (?) or Smouldered; p. pr. & vb. n. Smoldering or Smouldering.] [OE. smolderen; cf. Prov. G. sm\'94len, smelen, D. smeulen. Cf. Smell.]

1. To burn and smoke without flame; to waste away by a slow and supressed combustion.

The smoldering dust did round about him smoke. Spenser.

2. To exist in a state of suppressed or smothered activity; to burn inwardly; as, a smoldering feud.

Smolder, Smoulder

Smol"der, Smoul"der, v. t. To smother; to suffocate; to choke. [Obs.] Holinshed. Palsgrave.

Smolder, Smoulder

Smol"der, Smoul"der, n. Smoke; smother. [Obs.]
The smolder stops our nose with stench. Gascoigne.

Smoldering, Smouldering

Smol"der*ing, Smoul"der*ing, a. Being in a state of suppressed activity; quiet but not dead.
Some evil chance Will make the smoldering scandal break and blaze. Tennyson.

Smolderingness, Smoulderingness

Smol"der*ing*ness, Smoul"der*ing*ness (?), n. The state of smoldering.

Smoldry, Smouldry

Smol"dry, Smoul"dry (?), a. Smoldering; suffocating; smothery. [Obs.]
A flaming fire ymixt with smoldry smoke. Spenser.

Smolt

Smolt (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon two or three years old, when it has acquired its silvery color.

Smooch

Smooch (?), v. t. See Smutch. <-- 2. To kiss; to neck; to pet. --> <-- Smooch, n. a kiss. -->

Smoor

Smoor (?), v. t. [AS. smorian; akin to D. & LG. smoren, G. schmoren to stew. Cf. Smother.] To suffocate or smother. [Written also smore.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir T. More. Burns.

Smooth

Smooth (?), a. [Compar. Smoother (?); superl. Smoothest.] [OE. smothe, smethe, AS. sm&emac;&edh;e, sm&oe;&edt;e, where &emac;, &oe;, come from an older &omac;; cf. LG. sm\'94de, sm\'94e, sm\'94dig; of uncertain origin.]

1. Having an even surface, or a surface so even that no roughness or points can be perceived by the touch; not rough; as, smooth glass; smooth porcelain. Chaucer.

The outlines must be smooth, imperceptible to the touch, and even, without eminence or cavities. Dryden.

2. Evenly spread or arranged; sleek; as, smooth hair.

3. Gently flowing; moving equably; not ruffled or obstructed; as, a smooth stream.

4. Flowing or uttered without check, obstruction, or hesitation; not harsh; voluble; even; fluent.

The only smooth poet of those times. Milton.
Waller was smooth; but Dryden taught to join The varying verse, the full-resounding line. Pope.
When sage Minerva rose, From her sweet lips smooth elocution flows. Gay.

5. Bland; mild; smoothing; fattering.

This smooth discourse and mild behavior oft Conceal a traitor. Addison.

6. (Mech. & Physics) Causing no resistance to a body sliding along its surface; frictionless. &hand; Smooth is often used in the formation of selfexplaining compounds; as, smooth-bodied, smooth-browed, smooth-combed, smooth-faced, smooth-finished, smooth-gliding, smooth-grained, smooth-leaved, smooth-sliding, smooth-speaking, smooth-woven, and the like. Syn. -- Even; plain; level; flat; polished; glossy; sleek; soft; bland; mild; soothing; voluble; flattering; adulatory; deceptive.

Smooth

Smooth, adv. Smoothly. Chaucer.
Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep. Shak.

Smooth

Smooth, n.

1. The act of making smooth; a stroke which smooths. Thackeray.

2. That which is smooth; the smooth part of anything. "The smooth of his neck." Gen. xxvii. 16.

Smooth

Smooth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smoothed (sm&oomac;thd); p. pr. & vb. n. Smoothing.] [OE. smothen, smethen, AS. sm&emac;&edh;ian; cf. LG. sm\'94den. See Smooth, a.] To make smooth; to make even on the surface by any means; as, to smooth a board with a plane; to smooth cloth with an iron. Specifically: -- (a) To free from obstruction; to make easy.
Thou, Abelard! the last sad office pay, And smooth my passage to the realms of day. Pope.
(b) To free from harshness; to make flowing.
In their motions harmony divine So smooths her charming tones that God's own ear Listens delighted. Milton.
(c) To palliate; to gloze; as, to smooth over a fault. (d) To give a smooth or calm appearance to.
Each perturbation smoothed with outward calm. Milton.
(e) To ease; to regulate. Dryden.

Smooth

Smooth, v. i. To flatter; to use blandishment.
Because I can not flatter and speak fair, Smile in men's faces, smooth, deceive and cog. Shak.

Smoothbore

Smooth"bore` (?), a. (Gun.) Having a bore of perfectly smooth surface; -- distinguished from rifled. -- n. A smoothbore firearm.

Smooth-chinned

Smooth"-chinned` (?), a. Having a smooth chin; beardless. Drayton.

Smoothen

Smooth"en (?), v. t. To make smooth. [Obs.]

Smoother

Smooth"er (?), n. One who, or that which, smooths.

Smoothing

Smooth"ing, a. & n. fr. Smooth, v. Smoothing iron, an iron instrument with a polished face, for smoothing clothes; a sadiron; a flatiron. -- Smoothing plane, a short, finely set plane, for smoothing and finishing work.

Smoothly

Smooth"ly, adv. In a smooth manner.

Smoothness

Smooth"ness, n. Quality or state of being smooth.

Smooth-spoken

Smooth"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking smoothly; plausible; flattering; smooth-tongued.

Smooth-tongued

Smooth"-tongued` (?), a. Having a smooth tongue; plausible; flattering.

Smore

Smore (?), v. t. To smother. See Smoor. [Obs.]
Some dying vomit blood, and some were smored. Du Bartas.

Smorzando, Smorsato

Smor*zan"do (?), Smor*sa"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Growing gradually fainter and softer; dying away; morendo.

Smote

Smote (?), imp. (∧ rare p. p.) of Smite.

Smoterlich

Smo"ter*lich (?), a. [CF. Smut.] Dirty foul. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Smother

Smoth"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smothering.] [OE. smotheren; akin to E. smoor. See Smoor.]

1. To destroy the life of by suffocation; to deprive of the air necessary for life; to cover up closely so as to prevent breathing; to suffocate; as, to smother a child.

2. To affect as by suffocation; to stife; to deprive of air by a thick covering, as of ashes, of smoke, or the like; as, to smother a fire.

3. Hence, to repress the action of; to cover from public view; to suppress; to conceal; as, to smother one's displeasure.

Smother

Smoth"er, v. i.

1. To be suffocated or stifled.

2. To burn slowly, without sufficient air; to smolder.

Smother

Smoth"er, n. [OE. smorther. See Smother, v. t.]

1. Stifling smoke; thick dust. Shak.

2. A state of suppression. [Obs.]

Not to keep their suspicions in smother. Bacon.
Smother fly (Zo\'94l.), an aphid.

Smotheriness

Smoth"er*i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being smothery.

Smotheringly

Smoth"er*ing*ly, adv. In a smothering manner.

Smothery

Smoth"er*y (?), a. Tending to smother; stifling.

Smouch

Smouch (?), v. t. [Akin to smack.] To kiss closely. [Obs.] P. Stubbes.

Smouch

Smouch, v. t. [See Smutch.] To smutch; to soil; as, to smouch the face.

Smouch

Smouch, n. A dark soil or stain; a smutch.

Smoulder

Smoul"der (?), v. i. See Smolder.

Smouldry

Smoul"dry (?), a. See Smoldry.

Smudge

Smudge (?), n. [Cf. Dan. smuds smut, E. smutch, or smoke.]

1. A suffocating smoke. Grose.

2. A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited and burning slowly, placed on the windward side of a house, tent, or the like, in order, by the thick smoke, to keep off mosquitoes or other insects. [U. S.] Bartlett.

3. That which is smeared upon anything; a stain; a blot; a smutch; a smear. <-- smudge pot, a device containing combustibles which burns smokily, used by farmers to inhibit damage to crops caused by frost. -->

Smudge

Smudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smudging.]

1. To stifle or smother with smoke; to smoke by means of a smudge.

2. To smear; to smutch; to soil; to blacken with smoke.

Smudginess

Smudg"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being smudged, soiled, or blurred. C. A. Young.

Smug

Smug (?), a. [Of. Scand. or Low German origin; cf. LG. smuck, G. schmuck, Dan. smuk, OSw. smuck, sm\'94ck, and E. smock, smuggle; cf. G. schmuck ornament. See Smock.] Studiously neat or nice, especially in dress; spruce; affectedly precise; smooth and prim.
They be so smug and smooth. Robynson (More's Utopia).
The smug and scanty draperies of his style. De Quincey.
A young, smug, handsome holiness has no fellow. Beau & Fl.

Smug

Smug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smugging.] To make smug, or spruce. [Obs.]
Thus said, he smugged his beard, and stroked up fair. Dryton.

Smuggle

Smug"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smuggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smuggling (?).] [Of Low German or Scand. origin; cf. LG. smuggeln, D. smokkelen, G. schmuggeln, Dan. smugle, Sw. smyga to introduce or convey secretly, Dan. i smug secretly, D. smuigen to eat in secret, AS. smgan to creep. See Smock.]

1. To import or export secretly, contrary to the law; to import or export without paying the duties imposed by law; as, to smuggle lace.

2. Fig.: To convey or introduce clandestinely.

Smuggle

Smug"gle, v. i. To import or export in violation of the customs laws.

Smuggler

Smug"gler (?), n.

1. One who smuggles.

2. A vessel employed in smuggling.

Smugly

Smug"ly, adv. In a smug manner. [R.] Gay.

Smugness

Smug"ness, n. The quality or state of being smug.

Smut

Smut (?), n. [Akin to Sw. smuts, Dan. smuds, MHG. smuz, G. schmutz, D. smet a spot or stain, smoddig, smodsig, smodderig, dirty, smodderen to smut; and probably to E. smite. See Smite, v. t., and cf. Smitt, Smutch.]

1. Foul matter, like soot or coal dust; also, a spot or soil made by such matter.

2. (Mining) Bad, soft coal, containing much earthy matter, found in the immediate locality of faults.

3. (Bot.) An affection of cereal grains producing a swelling which is at length resolved into a powdery sooty mass. It is caused by parasitic fungi of the genus Ustilago. Ustilago segetum, or U. Carbo, is the commonest kind; that of Indian corn is Ustilago maydis.

4. Obscene language; ribaldry; obscenity.

He does not stand upon decency . . . but will talk smut, though a priest and his mother be in the room. Addison.
Smut mill, a machine for cleansing grain from smut.

Smut

Smut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Smutting.]

1. To stain or mark with smut; to blacken with coal, soot, or other dirty substance.

2. To taint with mildew, as grain. Bacon.

3. To blacken; to sully or taint; to tarnish.

4. To clear of smut; as, to smut grain for the mill.

Smut

Smut, v. i.

1. To gather smut; to be converted into smut; to become smutted. Mortimer.

2. To give off smut; to crock.

Smutch

Smutch (?), n. [Prob. for smuts. See Smut, n.] A stain; a dirty spot. B. Jonson.

Smutch

Smutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Smutched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smutching.] To blacken with smoke, soot, or coal. [Written also smooch.] B. Jonson.

Smutchin

Smutch"in (?), n. Snuff. [Obs.] Howell.

Smutty

Smut"ty (?), a. [Compar. Smuttier (?); superl. Smuttiest.]

1. Soiled with smut; smutted.

2. Tainted with mildew; as, smutty corn.

3. Obscene; not modest or pure; as, a smutty saying.

The smutty joke, ridiculously lewd. Smollett.
-- Smut"ti*ly (#), adv. -- Smut"ti*ness, n.

Smyrniot

Smyr"ni*ot (?), a. Of or pertaining to Smyrna. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Smyrna.

Snack

Snack (?), n. [See Snatch, v. t.]

1. A share; a part or portion; -- obsolete, except in the colloquial phrase, to go snacks, i. e., to share.

At last he whispers, "Do, and we go snacks." Pope.

2. A slight, hasty repast. [Colloq.]

Snacket

Snack"et (?), n. See Snecket. [Prov. Eng.]

Snacot

Snac"ot (?), n. [Said to be corrupted fr. NL. syngnathus, fr. Gr. sy`n together + gna`qos jaw, because the jaws can be only slightly separated.] (Zo\'94l.) A pipefish of the genus Syngnathus. See Pipefish.

Snaffle

Snaf"fle (?), n. [D. snavel a beak, bill, snout; akin to G. schnabel, OHG. snabul,. sneb, snebbe, OFries. snavel mouth, Dan. & Sw. snabel beak, bill, Lith. snapas, and to E. snap, v. See Snap, and cf. Neb.] A kind of bridle bit, having a joint in the part to be placed in the mouth, and rings and cheek pieces at the ends, but having no curb; -- called also snaffle bit.

Snaffle

Snaf"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snaffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snaffling (?).] To put a snaffle in the mouth of; to subject to the snaffle; to bridle.

Snag

Snag (?), n. [Prov. E., n., a lump on a tree where a branch has been cut off; v., to cut off the twigs and small branches from a tree, of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. snaigh, snaidh, to cut down, to prune, to sharpen, p. p. snaighte, snaidhte, cut off, lopped, Ir. snaigh a hewing, cutting.]

1. A stump or base of a branch that has been lopped off; a short branch, or a sharp or rough branch; a knot; a protuberance.

The coat of arms Now on a naked snag in triumph borne. Dryden.

2. A tooth projecting beyond the rest; contemptuously, a broken or decayed tooth. Prior.

3. A tree, or a branch of a tree, fixed in the bottom of a river or other navigable water, and rising nearly or quite to the surface, by which boats are sometimes pierced and sunk.

4. (Zo\'94l.) One of the secondary branches of an antler. <-- 5. Any sharp protuberant part of an object, which may catch, scratch, or tear other objects brought into contact with it. --> Snag boat, a steamboat fitted with apparatus for removing snags and other obstructions in navigable streams. [U.S.] -- Snag tooth. Same as Snag, 2.

How thy snag teeth stand orderly, Like stakes which strut by the water side. J. Cotgrave.

Snag

Snag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snagging (?).]

1. To cut the snags or branches from, as the stem of a tree; to hew roughly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. To injure or destroy, as a steamboat or other vessel, by a snag, or projecting part of a sunken tree. [U. S.] <-- 3. To catch on a snag{5}. 4. (Fig.) To obtain by a quick action, as though by snagging{3} something passing by; -- often used of an opportunistic or fortunate action. -->

Snagged

Snag"ged (?), a. Full of snags; snaggy.

Snaggy

Snag"gy (?), a.

1. Full of snags; full of short, rough branches or sharp points; abounding with knots. "Upon a snaggy oak." Spenser.

2. Snappish; cross; ill-tempered. [Prov. Eng.]

Snail

Snail (?), n. [OE. snaile, AS. sn, snegel, sn; akin to G. schnecke, OHG. snecko, Dan. snegl, Icel. snigill.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial air-breathing gastropods belonging to the genus Helix and many allied genera of the family Helicid\'91. They are abundant in nearly all parts of the world except the arctic regions, and feed almost entirely on vegetation; a land sanil. (b) Any gastropod having a general resemblance to the true snails, including fresh-water and marine species. See Pond snail, under Pond, and Sea snail.

2. Hence, a drone; a slow-moving person or thing.

3. (Mech.) A spiral cam, or a flat piece of metal of spirally curved outline, used for giving motion to, or changing the position of, another part, as the hammer tail of a striking clock.

4. A tortoise; in ancient warfare, a movable roof or shed to protect besiegers; a testudo. [Obs.]

They had also all manner of gynes [engines] . . . that needful is [in] taking or sieging of castle or of city, as snails, that was naught else but hollow pavises and targets, under the which men, when they fought, were heled [protected], . . . as the snail is in his house; therefore they cleped them snails. Vegetius (Trans.).

5. (Bot.) The pod of the sanil clover. Ear snail, Edible snail, Pond snail, etc. See under Ear, Edible, etc. -- Snail borer (Zo\'94l.), a boring univalve mollusk; a drill. -- Snail clover (Bot.), a cloverlike plant (Medicago scuttellata, also, M. Helix); -- so named from its pods, which resemble the shells of snails; -- called also snail trefoil, snail medic, and beehive. -- Snail flower (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Phaseolus Caracalla) having the keel of the carolla spirally coiled like a snail shell. -- Snail shell (Zo\'94l.), the shell of snail. -- Snail trefoil. (Bot.) See Snail clover, above.

Snailfish

Snail"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Sea snail (a).
Page 1361

Snail-like

Snail"-like` (?), a. Like or suiting a snail; as, snail-like progress.

Snail-like

Snail"-like`, adv. In the manner of a snail; slowly.

Snail-paced

Snail"-paced` (?), a. Slow-moving, like a snail.
Bid the snail-paced Ajax arm for shame. Shak.

'Snails

'Snails (?), interj. God's nails, or His nails, that is, the nails with which the Savior was fastened to the cross; -- an ancient form of oath, corresponding to 'Od's bodikins (dim. of body, i.e., God's dear body). Beau & Fl.

Snake

Snake (?), n. [AS. snaca; akin to LG. snake, schnake, Icel. sn\'bekr, sn, Dan. snog, Sw. snok; of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the order Ophidia; an ophidian; a serpent, whether harmless or venomous. See Ophidia, and Serpent. &hand; Snakes are abundant in all warm countries, and much the larger number are harmless to man. Blind snake, Garter snake, Green snake, King snake, Milk snake, Rock snake, Water snake, etc. See under Blind, Garter, etc. -- Fetich snake (Zo\'94l.), a large African snake (Python Seb\'91) used by the natives as a fetich. -- Ringed snake (Zo\'94l.), a common European columbrine snake (Tropidonotus natrix). -- Snake eater. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The markhoor. (b) The secretary bird. -- Snake fence, a worm fence (which see). [U.S.] -- Snake fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus Rhaphidia; -- so called because of their large head and elongated neck and prothorax. -- Snake gourd (Bot.), a cucurbitaceous plant (Trichosanthes anguina) having the fruit shorter and less snakelike than that of the serpent cucumber. -- Snake killer. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The secretary bird. (b) The chaparral cock. -- Snake moss (Bot.), the common club moss (Lycopodium clavatum). See Lycopodium. -- Snake nut (Bot.), the fruit of a sapindaceous tree (Ophiocaryon paradoxum) of Guiana, the embryo of which resembles a snake coiled up. -- Tree snake (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of colubrine snakes which habitually live in trees, especially those of the genus Dendrophis and allied genera.

Snake

Snake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snaking.]

1. To drag or draw, as a snake from a hole; -- often with out. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

2. (Naut.) To wind round spirally, as a large rope with a smaller, or with cord, the small rope lying in the spaces between the strands of the large one; to worm.

Snake

Snake, v. i. To crawl like a snake.

Snakebird

Snake"bird` (?), n. [So named from its snakelike neck.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. Any one of four species of aquatic birds of the genus Anhinga or Plotus. They are allied to the gannets and cormorants, but have very long, slender, flexible necks, and sharp bills. &hand; The American species (Anhinga, ∨ Plotus, anhinga) inhabits the Southern United States and tropical America; -- called also darter, and water turkey. The Asiatic species (A. melanogaster) is native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. Two other species inhabit Africa and Australia respectively.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck.

Snakefish

Snake"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The band fish. (b) The lizard fish.

Snakehead

Snake"head` (?), n.

1. A loose, bent-up end of one of the strap rails, or flat rails, formerly used on American railroads. It was sometimes so bent by the passage of a train as to slip over a wheel and pierce the bottom of a car.

2. (Bot.) (a) The turtlehead. (b) The Guinea-hen flower. See Snake's-head, and under Guinea.

Snakeneck

Snake"neck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The snakebird, 1.

Snakeroot

Snake"root` (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of several plants of different genera and species, most of which are (or were formerly) reputed to be efficacious as remedies for the bites of serpents; also, the roots of any of these. &hand; The Virginia snakeroot is Aristolochia Serpentaria; black snakeroot is Sanicula, esp. S. Marilandica, also Cimicifuga racemosa; Seneca snakeroot is Polygala Senega; button snakeroot is Liatris, also Eryngium; white snakeroot is Eupatorium ageratoides. The name is also applied to some others besides these.

Snake's-head

Snake's"-head` (?), n. (Bot.) The Guinea-hen flower; -- so called in England because its spotted petals resemble the scales of a snake's head. Dr. Prior. Snake's-head iris (Bot.), an iridaceous plant (Hermodactylus tuberosus) of the Mediterranean region. The flowers slightly resemble a serpent's open mouth.

Snakestone

Snake"stone` (?), n.

1. A kind of hone slate or whetstone obtained in Scotland.

2. (Paleon.) An ammonite; -- so called from its form, which resembles that of a coiled snake.

Snake's-tongue

Snake's-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Adder's-tongue.

Snakeweed

Snake"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A kind of knotweed (Polygonum Bistorta). (b) The Virginia snakeroot. See Snakeroot.

Snakewood

Snake"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An East Indian climbing plant (Strychnos colubrina) having a bitter taste, and supposed to be a remedy for the bite of the hooded serpent. (b) An East Indian climbing shrub (Ophioxylon serpentinum) which has the roots and stems twisted so as to resemble serpents. (c) Same as Trumpetwood. (d) A tropical American shrub (Plumieria rubra) which has very fragrant red blossoms. (e) Same as Letterwood.

Snakish

Snak"ish (?), a. Having the qualities or characteristics of a snake; snaky.

Snaky

Snak"y (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to a snake or snakes; resembling a snake; serpentine; winding.

The red light playing upon its gilt and carving gave it an appearance of snaky life. L. Wallace.

2. Sly; cunning; insinuating; deceitful.

So to the coast of Jordan he directs His easy steps, girded with snaky wiles. Milton.

3. Covered with serpents; having serpents; as, a snaky rod or wand. Dryden.

That snaky-headed, Gorgon shield. Milton.

Snap

Snap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snapping.] [LG. or D. snappen to snap up, to snatch; akin to G. schnappen, MHG. snaben, Dan. snappe, and to D. snavel beak, bill. Cf. Neb, Snaffle, n.]

1. To break at once; to break short, as substances that are brittle.

Breaks the doors open, snaps the locks. Prior.

2. To strike, to hit, or to shut, with a sharp sound.

3. To bite or seize suddenly, especially with the teeth.

He, by playing too often at the mouth of death, has been snapped by it at last. South.

4. To break upon suddenly with sharp, angry words; to treat snappishly; -- usually with up. Granville.

5. To crack; to cause to make a sharp, cracking noise; as, to snap a whip.

MacMorian snapped his fingers repeatedly. Sir W. Scott.

6. To project with a snap. To snap back (Football), to roll the ball back with the foot; -- done only by the center rush, who thus delivers the ball to the quarter back on his own side when both sides are ranged in line.<-- now passed back with the hands, but still called "snap" --> -- To snap off. (a) To break suddenly. (b) To bite off suddenly.

Snap

Snap, v. i.

1. To break short, or at once; to part asunder suddenly; as, a mast snaps; a needle snaps.

But this weapon will snap short, unfaithful to the hand that employs it. Burke.

2. To give forth, or produce, a sharp, cracking noise; to crack; as, blazing firewood snaps.

3. To make an effort to bite; to aim to seize with the teeth; to catch eagerly (at anything); -- often with at; as, a dog snapsat a passenger; a fish snaps at the bait.

4. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words; -- often with at; as, to snap at a child.<-- usu. impulsively and as a quick reaction to some perceived provocation -->

5. To miss fire; as, the gun snapped.

Snap

Snap, n. [Cf. D. snap a snatching. See Snap, v. t.]

1. A sudden breaking or rupture of any substance.

2. A sudden, eager bite; a sudden seizing, or effort to seize, as with the teeth.

3. A sudden, sharp motion or blow, as with the finger sprung from the thumb, or the thumb from the finger.

4. A sharp, abrupt sound, as that made by the crack of a whip; as, the snap of the trigger of a gun.

5. A greedy fellow. L'Estrange.

6. That which is, or may be, snapped up; something bitten off, seized, or obtained by a single quick movement; hence, a bite, morsel, or fragment; a scrap.

He's a nimble fellow, And alike skilled in every liberal science, As having certain snaps of all. B. Jonson.

7. A sudden severe interval or spell; -- applied to the weather; as, a cold snap. <-- but not a heat snap --> Lowell.

8. A small catch or fastening held or closed by means of a spring, or one which closes with a snapping sound, as the catch of a bracelet, necklace, clasp of a book, etc.

9. (Zo\'94l.) A snap beetle.

10. A thin, crisp cake, usually small, and flavored with ginger; -- used chiefly in the plural.

11. Briskness; vigor; energy; decision. [Colloq.]

12. Any circumstance out of which money may be made or an advantage gained. [Slang] <-- (Footbale) The action of snapping the ball back, from the center usu. to the quarterback, which commences the play (down), and, if the clock had stopped, restarts the timer clock; snap back. --> Snap back (Football), the act of snapping back the ball. -- Snap beetle, ∨ Snap bug (Zo\'94l.), any beetle of the family Elaterid\'91, which, when laid on its back, is able to leap to a considerable height by means of a thoracic spring; -- called also snapping beetle. -- Snap flask (Molding), a flask for small work, having its sides separable and held together by latches, so that the flask may be removed from around the sand mold. -- Snap judgment, a judgment formed on the instant without deliberation. -- Snap lock, a lock shutting with a catch or snap. -- Snap riveting, riveting in which the rivets have snapheads formed by a die or swaging tool. -- Snap shot, a quick offhand shot, without deliberately taking aim.

Snapdragon

Snap"drag`on (?), n.

1. (Bot.) (a) Any plant of the scrrophulariaceous genus Antirrhinum, especially the cultivated A. majus, whose showy flowers are fancifully likened to the face of a dragon. (b) A West Indian herb (Ruellia tuberosa) with curiously shaped blue flowers.

2. A play in which raisins are snatched from a vessel containing burning brandy, and eaten; also, that which is so eaten. See Flapdragon. Swift.

Snape

Snape (?), v. t. (Shipbuilding) To bevel the end of a timber to fit against an inclined surface.

Snaphance

Snap"hance` (?), n. [D. snaphaan a gun, originally, the snapping cock of a gun. See Snap, and Hen.]

1. A spring lock for discharging a firearm; also, the firearm to which it is attached. [Obs.]

2. A trifling or second-rate thing or person. [Obs.]

Snaphead

Snap"head` (?), n. A hemispherical or rounded head to a rivet or bolt; also, a swaging tool with a cavity in its face for forming such a rounded head.

Snapper

Snap"per (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, snaps; as, a snapper up of trifles; the snapper of a whip.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large sparoid food fishes of the genus Lutjanus, abundant on the southern coasts of the United States and on both coasts of tropical America. &hand; The red snapper (Lutjanus aya, ∨ Blackfordi) and the gray, or mangrove, snapper (L. griseus) are large and abundant species. The name is loosely applied to various other fishes, as the bluefish, the rosefish, the red grouper, etc. See Rosefish.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A snapping turtle; as, the alligator snapper.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The green woodpecker, or yaffle.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A snap beetle.

Snapping

Snap"ping (?), a. & n. from Snap, v. Snapping beetle. (Zo\'94l.) See Snap beetle, under Snap. -- Snapping turtle. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large and voracious aquatic turtle (Chelydra serpentina) common in the fresh waters of the United States; -- so called from its habit of seizing its prey by a snap of its jaws. Called also mud turtle. (b) See Alligator snapper, under Alligator.

Snappish

Snap"pish (?), a.

1. Apt to snap at persons or things; eager to bite; as, a snapping cur.

2. Sharp in reply; apt to speak angrily or testily; easily provoked; tart; peevish.

The taunting address of a snappish missanthrope. Jeffrey.
-- Snap"pish*ly, adv. -- Snap"pish*ness, n.

Snappy

Snap"py (?), a. Snappish. [Colloq.]

Snapsack

Snap"sack` (?), n. [Cf. Sw. snapps\'84ck, G. schnappsack.] A knapsack. [Obs.] South.

Snapweed

Snap"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Impatiens.

Snar

Snar (?), v. i. [Akin to LG. & OD. snarren, G. schnarren, E. snore. See Snore, and cf. Snarl to growl.] To snarl. [Obs.] Spenser.

Snare

Snare (?), n. [AS. sneara cord, a string; akin to D. snoer, G. schnur, OHG. snour a cord, snarahha a noose, Dan. snare, Sw. & Icel. snara, Goth. sn a basket; and probably also to E. needle. See Needle, and cf. Snarl to entangle.]

1. A contrivance, often consisting of a noose of cord, or the like, by which a bird or other animal may be entangled and caught; a trap; a gin.

2. Hence, anything by which one is entangled and brought into trouble.

If thou retire, the Dauphin, well appointed, Stands with the snares of war to tangle thee. Shak.

3. The gut or string stretched across the lower head of a drum.

4. (Med.) An instrument, consisting usually of a wireloop or noose, for removing tumors, etc., by avulsion. Snare drum, the smaller common military drum, as distinguished from the bass drum; -- so called because (in order to render it more resonant) it has stretched across its lower head a catgut string or strings.

Snare

Snare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snaring.] To catch with a snare; to insnare; to entangle; hence, to bring into unexpected evil, perplexity, or danger.
Lest that too heavenly form . . . snare them. Milton.
The mournful crocodile With sorrow snares relenting passengers. Shak.

Snarer

Snar"er (?), n. One who lays snares, or entraps.

Snarl

Snarl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snarled (?); p. pr. & vvb. n. Snarling.] [Etymol. uncertain.] To form raised work upon the outer surface of (thin metal ware) by the repercussion of a snarling iron upon the inner surface.

Snarl

Snarl, v. t. [From Snare, v. t.]

1. To entangle; to complicate; to involve in knots; as, to snarl a skein of thread. "Her snarled hair." Spenser.

2. To embarrass; to insnare.

[The] question that they would have snarled him with. Latimer.

Snarl

Snarl, n. A knot or complication of hair, thread, or the like, difficult to disentangle; entanglement; hence, intricate complication; embarrassing difficulty.

Snarl

Snarl, v. i. [From Snar.]

1. To growl, as an angry or surly dog; to gnarl; to utter grumbling sounds. "An angry cur snarls while he feeds." Dryden & Lee.

2. To speak crossly; to talk in rude, surly terms.

It is malicious and unmanly to snarl at the little lapses of a pen, from which Virgil himself stands not exempted. Dryden.

Snarl

Snarl, n. The act of snarling; a growl; a surly or peevish expression; an angry contention.

Snarler

Snarl"er (?), n. One who snarls; a surly, growling animal; a grumbling, quarrelsome fellow.

Snarler

Snarl"er, n. One who makes use of a snarling iron.

Snarling

Snarl"ing, a. & n. from Snarl, v. Snarling iron, a tool with a long beak, used in the process of snarling. When one end is held in a vise, and the shank is struck with a hammer, the repercussion of the other end, or beak, within the article worked upon gives the requisite blow for producing raised work. See 1st Snarl.

Snary

Snar"y (?), a. [From Snare.] Resembling, or consisting of, snares; entangling; insidious.
Spiders in the vault their snary webs have spread. Dryden.

Snast

Snast (?), n. [Cf. Snite, v. t.] The snuff, or burnt wick, of a candle. [Obs.] Bacon.

Snatch

Snatch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snatching.] [OE. snachen, snechen; akin to D. snakken to gasp, to long (for), to desire. Cf. Snack, n., Sneck.]

1. To take or seize hastily, abruptly, or without permission or ceremony; as, to snatch a loaf or a kiss.

When half our knowledge we must snatch, not take. Pope.

2. To seize and transport away; to rap. "Snatch me to heaven." Thomson. Syn. -- To twitch; pluck; grab; catch; grasp; gripe.

Snatch

Snatch, v. i. To attempt to seize something suddenly; to catch; -- often with at; as, to snatch at a rope.
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Snatch

Snatch (?), n.

1. A hasty catching or seizing; a grab; a catching at, or attempt to seize, suddenly.

2. A short period of vigorous action; as, a snatch at weeding after a shower. Tusser.

They move by fits and snatches. Bp. Wilkins.

3. A small piece, fragment, or quantity; a broken part; a scrap.

We have often little snatches of sunshine. Spectator.
Leave me your snatches, and yield me a direct answer. Shak.

Snatch block

Snatch block (Naut.), a kind of block with an opening in one side to receive the bight of a rope.

Snatcher

Snatch"er (?), n. One who snatches, or takes abruptly.

Snatchingly

Snatch"ing*ly, adv. By snatching; abruptly.

Snatch

Snatch (?), n. [Cf. AS. sn\'c6 to cut, to mow, sn a bite, bit snip.] The handle of a scythe; a snead. [Variously written in England snead, sneed, sneath, sneeth, snathe, etc.; in Scotland written sned.]

Snathe

Snathe (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel. snei to cut into alices, sn\'c6 to cut; akin to AS. besn, sn\'c6, G. schneiden, OHG. sn\'c6dan, Goth. snei to cut, to reap, and E. snath, snithe.] To lop; to prune. [Prov. Eng.]

Snattock

Snat"tock (?), n. [See Snathe.] A chip; a alice. [Prov. Eng.] Gayton.

Snaw

Snaw (?), n. Snow. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns.

Snead

Snead (?), n. [See Snatch.]

1. A snath.

2. A line or cord; a string. [Prov. Eng.]

Sneak

Sneak (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sneaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sneaking.] [OE. sniken, AS. sn\'c6can to creep; akin to Dan. snige sig; cf. Icel. sn\'c6kja to hanker after.]

1. To creep or steal (away or about) privately; to come or go meanly, as a person afraid or ashamed to be seen; as, to sneak away from company. <-- ? imp. & p. p. "snuck" is more common now, but not even mentioned here. In MW10, simply "sneaked or snuck" -->

You skulked behind the fence, and sneaked away. Dryden.

2. To act in a stealthy and cowardly manner; to behave with meanness and servility; to crouch.

Sneak

Sneak, v. t. To hide, esp. in a mean or cowardly manner. [Obs.] "[Slander] sneaks its head." Wake.

Sneak

Sneak, n.

1. A mean, sneaking fellow.

A set of simpletons and superstitious sneaks. Glanvill.

2. (Cricket) A ball bowled so as to roll along the ground; -- called also grub. [Cant] R. A. Proctor.

Sneak-cup

Sneak"-cup` (?), n. One who sneaks from his cups; one who balks his glass. [Obs.] Shak.

Sneaker

Sneak"er (?), n.

1. One who sneaks. Lamb.

2. A vessel of drink. [Prov. Eng.]

A sneaker of five gallons. Spectator.
<-- A type of soft shoe with a flat, pliable, typically rubber sole, and canvas-like upper, used in sports or for comfort. -->

Sneakiness

Sneak"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being sneaky.

Sneaking

Sneak"ing, a. Marked by cowardly concealment; deficient in openness and courage; underhand; mean; crouching. -- Sneak"ing*ly, adv. -- Sneak"ing*ness, n.

Sneaksby

Sneaks"by (?), n. A paltry fellow; a sneak. [Obs.] "Such a bashful sneaksby." Barrow.

Sneaky

Sneak"y (?), n. Like a sneak; sneaking.

Sneap

Sneap (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel. sneypa to dishonor, disgrace, chide, but also E. snip, and snub.]

1. To check; to reprimand; to rebuke; to chide. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. To nip; to blast; to blight. [Obs.]

Biron is like an envious, sneaping frost. Shak.

Sneap

Sneap, n. A reprimand; a rebuke. [Obs.]
My lord, I will not undergo this sneap without reply. Shak.

Sneath, Sneathe

Sneath (?), Sneathe (?), n. See Snath.

Sneb

Sneb (?), v. t. [See Snib.] To reprimand; to sneap. [Obs.] "Scold and sneb the good oak." Spenser.

Sneck

Sneck (?), v. t. [See Snatch.] To fasten by a hatch; to latch, as a door. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Sneck up, be silent; shut up; hold your peace. <-- Obs or archaic? --> Shak.

Sneck

Sneck, n. A door latch. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Sneck band, a latchstring. Burns. -- Sneck drawer, a latch lifter; a bolt drawer; hence, a sly person; a cozener; a cheat; -- called also sneckdraw. -- Sneck drawing, lifting the latch.

Snecket

Sneck"et (?), n. A door latch, or sneck. [Prov. Eng.]

Sned

Sned (?), v. t. To lop; to snathe. [Prov. Eng.]

Sned, Sneed

Sned (?), Sneed (?), n. See Snath.

Sneer

Sneer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sneered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sneering.] [OE. sneren, Dan. sn to snarl or grin (like a dog); cf. Prov. E. sneer to grin, sner to snort, snert to sneer at. See Snore, v. i.]

1. To show contempt by turning up the nose, or by a particular facial expression.

2. To inssinuate contempt by a covert expression; to speak derisively.

I could be content to be a little sneared at. Pope.

3. To show mirth awkwardly. [R.] Tatler. Syn. -- To scoff; gibe; jeer. -- Sneer, Scoff, Jeer. The verb to sneer implies to cast contempt indirectly or by covert expressions. To jeer is stronger, and denotes the use of several sarcastic reflections. To scoff is stronger still, implying the use of insolent mockery and derision.

And sneers as learnedly as they, Like females o'er their morning tea. Swift.
Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his art, and kept his ears. Swift.
The fop, with learning at defiance, Scoffs at the pedant and science. Gay.

Sneer

Sneer, v. t.

1. To utter with a grimace or contemptuous expression; to utter with a sneer; to say sneeringly; as, to sneer fulsome lies at a person. Congreve.

"A ship of fools," he sneered. Tennyson.

2. To treat with sneers; to affect or move by sneers.

Nor sneered nor bribed from virtue into shame. Savage.

Sneer

Sneer, n.

1. The act of sneering.

2. A smile, grin, or contortion of the face, indicative of contempt; an indirect expression or insinuation of contempt. "Who can refute a sneer?" Raley.

Sneerer

Sneer"er (?), n. One who sneers.

Sneerful

Sneer"ful (?), a. Given to sneering. [Obs.]

Sneeringly

Sneer"ing*ly, adv. In a sneering manner.

Sneeze

Sneeze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sneezed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sneezing.] [OE. snesen; of uncertain origin; cf. D. snuse to sniff, E. neese, and AS. fne\'a2san.] To emit air, chiefly through the nose, audibly and violently, by a kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation of the inner membrane of the nose. Not to be sneezed at, not to be despised or contemned; not to be treated lightly. [Colloq.] "He had to do with old women who were not to be sneezed at." Prof. Wilson.

Sneeze

Sneeze, n. A sudden and violent ejection of air with an audible sound, chiefly through the nose.

Sneezeweed

Sneeze"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A yellow-flowered composite plant (Helenium autumnale) the odor of which is said to cause sneezing.

Sneezewood

Sneeze"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The wood of a South African tree. See Neishout.

Sneezewort

Sneeze"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European herbaceous plant (Achillea Ptarmica) allied to the yarrow, having a strong, pungent smell.

Sneezing

Sneez"ing, n. (Physiol.) The act of violently forcing air out through the nasal passages while the cavity of the mouth is shut off from the pharynx by the approximation of the soft palate and the base of the tongue.

Snell

Snell (?), a. [AS. snell; akin to D. snel, G. schnell, OHG. snel, Icel. snjallr valiant.] Active; brisk; nimble; quick; sharp. [Archaic or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
That horny-handed, snell, peremptory little man. Dr. J. Brown.

Snell

Snell, n. A short line of horsehair, gut, etc., by which a fishhook is attached to a longer line.

Snet

Snet (?), n. [Cf. G. schnitt that which is cut, fr. schneiden to cut, E. snath.] The fat of a deer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Snet

Snet, v. t. [See Snot.] The clear of mucus; to blow. [Obs.] "Snetting his nose." Holland.

Snew

Snew (?), v. i. To snow; to abound. [Obs.]
It snewed in his house of meat and drink. Chaucer.

Snib

Snib (?), v. t. [OE. snibben; cf. Dan. snibbe, and E. snub, v. t.] To check; to sneap; to sneb. [Obs.]
Him would he snib sharply for the nones. Chaucer.

Snib

Snib, n. A reprimand; a snub. [Obs.] Marston.

Snick

Snick (?), n. [Prov. E. snick a notch; cf. Icel. snikka nick, cut.]

1. A small cut or mark.

2. (Cricket) A slight hit or tip of the ball, often unintentional.

3. (Fiber) A knot or irregularity in yarn. Knight.

4. (Furriery) A snip or cut, as in the hair of a beast. Snick and snee [cf. D. snee, snede, a cut], a combat with knives. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Snick

Snick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snicking.]

1. To cut slightly; to strike, or strike off, as by cutting. H. Kingsley.

2. (Cricket) To hit (a ball) lightly. R. A. Proctor.

Snick

Snick, n. & v. t. See Sneck. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Snick up, shut up; silenced. See Sneck up, under Sneck.
Give him money, George, and let him go snick up. Beau & Fl.

Snicker

Snick"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snickered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snickering.] [Cf. D. snikken to sob, to sigh.] [Written also snigger.]

1. To laugh slyly; to laugh in one's sleeve.

2. To laugh with audible catches of voice, as when persons attempt to suppress loud laughter.

Snicker

Snick"er, n. A half suppressed, broken laugh. [Written also snigger.]

Snide

Snide (?), a. Tricky; deceptive; contemptible; as, a snide lawyer; snide goods. [Slang]

Sniff

Sniff (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniffed (?) or Snift; p. pr. & vb. n. Sniffing.] [OE. sneven; akin to snivel, snuff; cf. Dan. snive to sniff. See Snuff, v. t.] To draw air audibly up the nose; to snuff; -- sometimes done as a gesture of suspicion, offense, or contempt.
So ye grow squeamish, gods, and sniff at heaven. M. Arnold.

Sniff

Sniff, v. t.

1. To draw in with the breath through the nose; as, to sniff the air of the country.

2. To perceive as by sniffing; to snuff, to scent; to smell; as, to sniff danger.

Sniff

Sniff, n. The act of sniffing; perception by sniffing; that which is taken by sniffing; as, a sniff of air.

Sniffing

Sniff"ing, n. (Physiol.) A rapid inspiratory act, in which the mouth is kept shut and the air drawn in through the nose.

Sniffle

Snif"fle (?), v. i. [Freq. of sniff. See Snivel.] To snuffle, as one does with a catarrh. [Prov. Eng.]

Snift

Snift (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Snifting.] [From Sniff.]

1. To snort. [Obs.] "Resentment expressed by snifting." Johnson.

2. To sniff; to snuff; to smell.

It now appears that they were still snifing and hankering after their old quarters. Landor.

Snift

Snift, n.

1. A moment. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. Slight snow; sleet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Snifting

Snift"ing, a. & n. from Snift. Snifting valve, a small valve opening into the atmosphere from the cylinder or condenser of a steam engine, to allow the escape of air when the piston makes a stroke; -- so called from the noise made by its action.

Snig

Snig (?), v. t. [See Snick a small cut.] To chop off; to cut. [Prov. Eng.]

Snig

Snig, v. i. [See Sneak.] To sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

Snig, Snigg

Snig, Snigg, n. [Cf. Sneak.] (Zo\'94l.) A small eel. [Prov. Eng.]

Sniggger

Snigg"ger (?), v. i. See Snicker. Thackeray.

Snigger

Snig"ger, n. See Snicker. Dickens.

Sniggle

Snig"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sniggling(?).] [See Snig a kind of eel.] To fish for eels by thrusting the baited hook into their holes or hiding places. Walton.

Sniggle

Snig"gle, v. t. To catch, as an eel, by sniggling; hence, to hook; to insnare. Beau & Fl.

Snip

Snip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snipping.] [D. snippen; akin to G. schnippen.] To cut off the nip or neb of, or to cut off at once with shears or scissors; to clip off suddenly; to nip; hence, to break off; to snatch away.
Curbed and snipped in my younger years by fear of my parents from those vicious excrescences to which that age was subject. Fuller.
The captain seldom ordered anything out of the ship's stores . . . but I snipped some of it for my own share. De Foe.

Snip

Snip (?), n.

1. A single cut, as with shears or scissors; a clip. Shak.

2. A small shred; a bit cut off. Wiseman.

3. A share; a snack. [Obs.] L'Estrange

4. A tailor. [Slang] Nares. C. Kingsley.

5. Small hand shears for cutting sheet metal.

Snipe

Snipe (?), n. [OE. snipe; akin to D. snep, snip, LG. sneppe, snippe, G. schnepfe, Icel. sn\'c6pa (in comp.), Dan. sneppe, Sw. sn\'84ppa a sanpiper, and possibly to E. snap. See Snap, Snaffle.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of limicoline game birds of the family Scolopacid\'91, having a long, slender, nearly straight beak. &hand; The common, or whole, snipe (Gallinago c&oe;lestis) and the great, or double, snipe (G. major), are the most important European species. The Wilson's snipe (G. delicata) (sometimes erroneously called English snipe) and the gray snipe, or dowitcher (Macrohamphus griseus), are well-known American species.

2. A fool; a blockhead. [R.] Shak. Half snipe, the dunlin; the jacksnipe. -- Jack snipe. See Jacksnipe. -- Quail snipe. See under Quail. -- Robin snipe, the knot. -- Sea snipe. See in the Vocabulary. -- Shore snipe, any sandpiper. -- Snipe hawk, the marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] -- Stone snipe, the tattler. -- Summer snipe, the dunlin; the green and the common European sandpipers. -- Winter snipe. See Rock snipe, under Rock. -- Woodcock snipe, the great snipe.

Snipebill

Snipe"bill` (?), n.

1. A plane for cutting deep grooves in moldings.

2. A bolt by which the body of a cart is fastened to the axle. [Local, U.S.]

Snipefish

Snipe"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The bellows fish. (b) A long, slender deep-sea fish (Nemichthys scolopaceus) with a slender beak.

Snippack

Snip"pack (?), n. [Cf. Snipe.] (Zo\'94l.) The common snipe. [Prov. Eng.]

Snipper

Snip"per (?), n. One who snips.

Snipper-snaper

Snip"per-snap`er (?), n. A small, insignificant fellow. [Colloq.]

Snippet

Snip"pet (?), n. A small part or piece.
To be cut into snippets and shreds. F. Harrison.

Snippety

Snip"pet*y (?), a. Ridiculously small; petty. "Snippety facts." London Spectator. <-- 2. short-tempered; snappish. --> <-- Snippy, adj. snippety. -->

Snip-snap

Snip"-snap` (?), n. [Reduplication of snap.] A tart dialogue with quick replies. [R.] Pope.

Snip-snap

Snip"-snap`, a. Quick; short; sharp; smart. Shak.

Snypy

Snyp"y (?), a. Like a snipe.

Snite

Snite (?), n. A snipe. [Obs. or Scot.] Carew.

Snite

Snite, v. t. [Icel. sn\'c6fa. See Snout.] To blow, as the nose; to snuff, as a candle. [Obs. or Scot.]

Snithe, Snithy

Snithe (?), Snith"y (?), a. [AS. sn\'c6 to cut. See Snathe.] Sharp; piercing; cutting; -- applied to the wind. [Prov. Eng.]

Snivel

Sniv"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniveled (?) or Snivelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sniveling or Snivelling.] [OE. snivelen, snevelen, snuvelen, freg. of sneven. See Sniff, and cf. Snuffle.]

1. To run at the nose; to make a snuffling noise.

2. To cry or whine with snuffling, as children; to cry weakly or whiningly.

Put stop to thy sniveling ditty. Sir W. Scott.

Snivel

Sniv"el, n. [AS. snofel. Cf. Snivel, v. i.] Mucus from the nose; snot.

Sniveler

Sniv"el*er (?), n. [Written also sniveller.] One who snivels, esp. one who snivels habitually.

Snively

Sniv"el*y (?), a. Running at the nose; sniveling pitiful; whining.

Snob

Snob (?), n. [Icel. sn\'bepr a dolt, impostor, charlatan. Cf. Snub.]

1. A vulgar person who affects to be better, richer, or more fashionable, than he really is; a vulgar upstart; one who apes his superiors. Thackeray.

Essentially vulgar, a snob. -- a gilded snob, but none the less a snob. R. G. White.

2. (Eng. Univ.) A townsman. [Canf]

3. A journeyman shoemaker. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A workman who accepts lower than the usual wages, or who refuses to strike when his fellows do; a rat; a knobstick.

Those who work for lower wages during a strike are called snobs, the men who stand out being "nobs" De Quincey.
<-- 5. One who adopts an offensive air of superiority to those he considers as inferiors, esp. by avoiding or ignoring them. -->

Snobbery

Snob"ber*y (?), n. The quality of being snobbish; snobbishness.

Snobbish

Snob"bish (?), a. Of or pertaining to a snob; characteristic of, or befitting, a snob; vulgarly pretentious. -- Snob"bish*ly, adv.

Snobbishness

Snob"bish*ness, n. Vulgar affectation or ostentation; mean admiration of mean things; conduct or manners of a snob.

Snobbism

Snob"bism (?), n. Snobbery.
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Snobby

Snob"by (?), a. Snobbish. [R.] E. B. Ramsay.

Snobling

Snob"ling, n. A little snob. [Jocose] Thackeray.

Snobocracy

Snob*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Snob + -cracy, as in aristocracy, mobocracy.] Snobs, collectively. [Hybrid & Recent] C. Kingsley.

Snod

Snod (?), n. [See Snood.] A fillet; a headband; a snood. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Snod

Snod, a. [Scot. snod to prune, put in order.] Trimmed; smooth; neat; trim; sly; cunning; demure. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Snoff

Snoff (?), n. [Cf. Snuff.] (Mining) A short candle end used for igniting a fuse. Raymond.

Snood

Snood (?), n. [AS. sn. Cf. Snare.]

1. The fillet which binds the hair of a young unmarried woman, and is emblematic of her maiden character. [Scot.]

And seldom was a snood amid Such wild, luxuriant ringlets hid. Sir W. Scott.

2. A short line (often of horsehair) connecting a fishing line with the hook; a snell; a leader.

Snood

Snood, v. t. To bind or braid up, as the hair, with a snood. [Scot.]

Snooded

Snood"ed, a. Wearing or having a snood. "The snooded daughter." Whittier.

Snook

Snook (?), v. i. [Prov. E. snook to search out, to follow by the scent; cf. Sw. snoka to lurk, LG. sn\'94ggen, snuckern, sn\'94kern, to snuffle, to smell about, to search for.] To lurk; to lie in ambush. [Obs.]

Snook

Snook, n. [D. snoek.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large perchlike marine food fish (Centropomus undecimalis) found both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical America; -- called also ravallia, and robalo. (b) The cobia. (c) The garfish.

Snooze

Snooze (?), n. [Scot. snooze to sleep; cf. Dan. & Sw. snus snuff.] A short sleep; a nap. [Colloq.]

Snooze

Snooze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snoozed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snoozing.] To doze; to drowse; to take a short nap; to slumber. [Colloq.]

Snore

Snore (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snoring.] [OE. snoren, AS. snora a snoring; akin to LG. snoren, snorken, snurken, to snore, D. snorken, G. schnarchen to snore, schnarren to rattle, MHG. snarren, Sw. snarka to snore, Icel. snarka to sputter, fizzle. Cf. Snarl to growl, Sneer, Snort. See Snoring.] To breathe with a rough, hoarse, nasal voice in sleep.

Snore

Snore, n. A harsh nasal noise made in sleep.

Snorer

Snor"er (?), n. One who snores.

Snoring

Snor"ing, n. (Physiol.) The act of respiring through the open mouth so that the currents of inspired and expired air cause a vibration of the uvula and soft palate, thus giving rise to a sound more or less harsh. It is usually unvoluntary, but may be produced voluntarily.

Snort

Snort (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Snorting.] [OE. snorten; akin to snoren. See Snore.]

1. To force the air with violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as do high-spirited horsed in prancing and play. Fairfax.

2. To snore. [R.] "The snorting citizens." Shak.

3. To laugh out loudly. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

Snort

Snort, n. The act of snorting; the sound produced in snorting.

Snort

Snort, v. t. To expel throught the nostrils with a snort; to utter with a snort. Keats.

Snorter

Snort"er (?), n.

1. One who snorts.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The wheather; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

Snot

Snot (?), n. [AS. snot; akin to D. snot, LG. snotte, Dan. snot, and to E. snout. See Snout.]

1. Mucus secreted in, or discharged from, the nose. [Low]

2. A mean, insignificant fellow. [Low]

Snot

Snot, v. t. To blow, wipe, or clear, as the nose.

Snotter

Snot"ter (?), v. i. [From Snot.] To snivel; to cry or whine. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Snotter

Snot"ter, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) A rope going over a yardarm, used to bend a tripping line to, in sending down topgallant and royal yards in vessels of war; also, the short line supporting the heel of the sprit in a small boat.

Snottery

Snot"ter*y (?), n. Filth; abomination. [Obs.]
To purge the snottery of our slimy time. Marston.

Snotty

Snot"ty (?), a. Foul with snot; hence, mean; dirty. -- Snort"ti*ly (#), adb. -- Snot"ti*ness, n.

Snout

Snout (?), n. [OE. snoute, probably of Scand, or Low German origin; cf. LG. snute, D. snuit, G. schnauze, Sw. snut, snyte, Dan. snude, Icel. sn to blow the nose; probably akin to E. snuff, v.t. Cf. Snite, Snot, Snuff.]

1. The long, projecting nose of a beast, as of swine.

2. The nose of a man; -- in contempt. Hudibras.

3. The nozzle of a pipe, hose, etc.

4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The anterior prolongation of the head of a gastropod; -- called also rostrum. (b) The anterior prolongation of the head of weevils and allied beetles. Snout beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of many species of beetles having an elongated snout and belonging to the tribe Rhynchophora; a weevil. -- Snout moth (Zo\'94l.), any pyralid moth. See Pyralid.

Snout

Snout, v. t. To furnish with a nozzle or point.

Snouty

Snout"y (?), a. Resembling a beast's snout.
The nose was ugly, long, and big, Broad and snouty like a pig. Otway.

Snow

Snow (?), n. [LG. snaue, or D. snaauw, from LG. snau a snout, a beak.] (Naut.) A square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig only in that she has a trysail mast close abaft the mainmast, on which a large trysail is hoisted.

Snow

Snow, n. [OE. snow, snaw, AS. sn\'bew; akin to D. sneeuw, OS. & OHG. sn&emac;o, G. schnee, Icel. sn&ae;r, snj&omac;r, snaj\'ber, Sw. sn\'94, Dan. snee, Goth. snaiws, Lith. sn\'89gas, Russ. snieg', Ir. & Gael. sneachd, W. nyf, L. nix, nivis, Gr. acc. ni`fa, also AS. sn\'c6wan to snow, G. schneien, OHG. sn\'c6wan, Lith. snigti, L. ningit it snows, Gr. ni`fei, Zend snizh to snow; cf. Skr. snih to be wet or sticky. &root;172.]

1. Watery particles congealed into white or transparent crystals or flakes in the air, and falling to the earth, exhibiting a great variety of very beautiful and perfect forms. &hand; Snow is often used to form compounds, most of which are of obvious meaning; as, snow-capped, snow-clad, snow-cold, snow-crowned, snow-crust, snow-fed, snow-haired, snowlike, snow-mantled, snow-nodding, snow-wrought, and the like.

2. Fig.: Something white like snow, as the white color (argent) in heraldry; something which falls in, or as in, flakes.

The field of snow with eagle of black therein. Chaucer.
Red snow. See under Red. Snow bunting. (Zo\'94l.) See Snowbird, 1. -- Snow cock (Zo\'94l.), the snow pheasant. -- Snow flea (Zo\'94l.), a small black leaping poduran (Achorutes nivicola) often found in winter on the snow in vast numbers. -- Snow flood, a flood from melted snow. -- Snow flower (Bot.), the fringe tree. -- Snow fly, ∨ Snow insect (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus Boreus. The male has rudimentary wings; the female is wingless. These insects sometimes appear creeping and leaping on the snow in great numbers. -- Snow gnat (Zo\'94l.), any wingless dipterous insect of the genus Chionea found running on snow in winter. -- Snow goose (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of arctic geese of the genus Chen. The common snow goose (Chen hyperborea), common in the Western United States in winter, is white, with the tips of the wings black and legs and bill red. Called also white brant, wavey, and Texas goose. The blue, or blue-winged, snow goose (C. c\'d2rulescens) is varied with grayish brown and bluish gray, with the wing quills black and the head and upper part of the neck white. Called also white head, white-headed goose, and bald brant. -- Snow leopard (Zool.), the ounce. -- Snow line, lowest limit of perpetual snow. In the Alps this is at an altitude of 9,000 feet, in the Andes, at the equator, 16,000 feet. -- Snow mouse (Zo\'94l.), a European vole (Arvicola nivalis) which inhabits the Alps and other high mountains. -- Snow pheasant (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large, handsome gallinaceous birds of the genus Tetraogallus, native of the lofty mountains of Asia. The Himalayn snow pheasant (T.Himalayensis) in the best-known species. Called also snow cock, and snow chukor. -- Snow partridge. (Zo\'94l.) See under Partridge. -- Snow pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a pigeon (Columba leuconota) native of the Himalaya mountains. Its back, neck, and rump are white, the top of the head and the ear coverts are black. -- Snow plant (Bot.), a fleshy parasitic herb (Sarcodes sanguinea) growing in the coniferous forests of California. It is all of a bright red color, and is fabled to grow from the snow, through which it sometimes shoots up.

Snow

Snow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snowed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Snowing.] To fall in or as snow; -- chiefly used impersonally; as, it snows; it snowed yesterday.

Snow

Snow, v. t. To scatter like snow; to cover with, or as with, snow. Donne. Shak.

Snowball

Snow"ball` (?), n.

1. A round mass of snow pressed or roller together, or anything resembling such a mass.

2. (Bot.) The Guelder-rose. Snowball tree (Bot.), the Guelder-rose. <-- a snowball's chance in hell, [Colloq.] no chance; an infinitesimal chance. -->

Snowball

Snow"ball`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snowballed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snowballing.] To pelt with snowballs; to throw snowballs at.

Snowball

Snow"ball`, v. i. To throw snowballs. <-- 2. To increase in magnitude with accelerating momentum, achieving large proportions; -- by analogy with a snowball rolling down a steep hill, causing a large snow slide. -->

Snowberry

Snow"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A name of several shrubs with white berries; as, the Symphoricarpus racemosus of the Northern United States, and the Chiococca racemosa of Florida and tropical America. Creeping snowberry. (Bot.) See under Creeping.

Snowbird

Snow"bird (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An arctic finch (Plectrophenax, ∨ Plectrophanes, nivalis) common, in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially white, but variously marked with chestnut and brown. Called also snow bunting, snowflake, snowfleck, and snowflight. (b) Any finch of the genus Junco which appears in flocks in winter time, especially J. hyemalis in the Eastern United States; -- called also blue snowbird. See Junco. (c) The fieldfare. [Prov. Eng.]

Snow-blind

Snow"-blind` (?), a. Affected with blindness by the brilliancy of snow. -- Snow"-blind`ness, n.

Snow-bound

Snow"-bound` (?), a. Enveloped in, or confined by, snow. Whittier.

Snow-broth

Snow"-broth` (?), n. Snow and water mixed, or snow just melted; very cold liquor. Shak.

Snowcap

Snow"cap` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very small humming bird (Microch\'91ra albocoronata) native of New Grenada. &hand; The feathers of the top of the head are white and snining, the body blue black with a purple and bronzy luster. The name is applied also to Microch\'91ra parvirostris of Central America, which is similar in color.

Snow-capped

Snow"-capped` (?), a. Having the top capped or covered with snow; as, snow-capped mountains.

Snowdrift

Snow"drift` (?), n. A bank of drifted snow.

Snowdrop

Snow"drop` (?), n. (Bot.) A bulbous plant (Galanthus nivalis) bearing white flowers, which often appear while the snow is on the ground. It is cultivated in gardens for its beauty. Snowdrop tree. See Silver-bell tree, under Silver, a.

Snowflake

Snow"flake` (?), n.

1. A flake, or small filmy mass, of snow.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Snowbird, 1.

3. (Bot.) A name given to several bulbous plants of the genus Leucoium (L. vernum, \'91stivum, etc.) resembling the snowdrop, but having all the perianth leaves of equal size.

Snowfleck

Snow"fleck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Snowbird, 1.

Snowl

Snowl (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]

Snowless

Snow"less (?), a. Destitute of snow.

Snowplow, Snowplough

Snow"plow`, Snow"plough` (?), n. An implement operating like a plow, but on a larger scale, for clearing away the snow from roads, railways, etc.

Snowshed

Snow"shed (?), n. A shelter to protect from snow, esp. a long roof over an exposed part of a railroad.

Snowshoe

Snow"shoe` (?), n. A slight frame of wood three or four feet long and about one third as wide, with thongs or cords stretched across it, and having a support and holder for the foot; -- used by persons for walking on soft snow.

Snowshoer

Snow"sho`er (?), n. One who travels on snowshoes; an expert in using snowshoes. W. G. Beers.

Snowshoeing

Snow"shoe`ing, n. Traveling on snowshoes.

Snowslip

Snow"slip` (?), n. A large mass or avalanche of snow which slips down the side of a mountain, etc.

Snowstorm

Snow"storm` (?), n. A storm with falling snow.

Snow-white

Snow"-white` (?), a. White as snow; very white. "Snow-white and rose-red" Chaucer.

Snowy

Snow"y (?), a.

1. White like snow. "So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows." Shak.

2. Abounding with snow; covered with snow. "The snowy top of cold Olympus." Milton.

3. Fig.: Pure; unblemished; unstained; spotless.

There did he lose his snowy innocence. J. Hall (1646).
Snowy heron (Zo\'94l.), a white heron, or egret (Ardea candidissima), found in the Southern United States, and southward to Chili; -- called also plume bird. -- Snowy lemming (Zo\'94l.), the collared lemming (Cuniculus torquatus), which turns white in winter. -- Snowy owl (Zo\'94l.), a large arctic owl (Nyctea Scandiaca, or N. nivea) common all over the northern parts of the United States and Europe in winter time. Its plumage is sometimes nearly pure white, but it is usually more or less marked with blackish spots. Called also white owl. -- Snowy plover (Zo\'94l.), a small plover (\'92gialitis nivosa) of the western parts of the United States and Mexico. It is light gray above, with the under parts and portions of the head white.

Snub

Snub (?), v. i. [Cf. D. snuiven to snort, to pant, G. schnauben, MHG. sn&umac;ben, Prov. G. schnupfen, to sob, and E. snuff, v.t.] To sob with convulsions. [Obs.] Bailey.

Snub

Snub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snubbing.] [Cf. Icel. ssnubba to snub, chide, Sw. snubba, Icel. snubb&omac;ttr snubbed, nipped, and E. snib.]

1. To clip or break off the end of; to check or stunt the growth of; to nop.

2. To check, stop, or rebuke, with a tart, sarcastic reply or remark; to reprimand; to check. J. Foster.

3. To treat with contempt or neglect, as a forward or pretentious person; to slight designedly. To snub a cable ∨ rope (Naut.), to check it suddenly in running out. Totten.

Snub

Snub, n.

1. A knot; a protuberance; a song. [Obs.]

[A club] with ragged snubs and knotty grain. Spenser.

2. A check or rebuke; an intended slight. J. Foster.

Snub nose, a short or flat nose. -- Snub post, ∨ Snubbing post (Naut.), a post on a dock or shore, around which a rope is thrown to check the motion of a vessel.

Snub-nosed

Snub"-nosed` (?), a. Having a short, flat nose, slightly turned up; as, the snub-nosed eel. Snub-nosed cachalot (Zo\'94l.), the pygmy sperm whale. <-- snub-nosed revolver, a revolver with a very short barrel. -- -->

Snudge

Snudge (?), v. i. [Cf. Snug.] To lie snug or quiet. [Obs.] Herbert.

Snudge

Snudge, n. A miser; a sneaking fellow. [Obs.]

Snuff

Snuff (?), n. [Cf. G. schnuppe candle snuff, schnuppen to snuff a candle (see Snuff, v. t., to snuff a candle), or cf. Snub, v. t.] The part of a candle wick charred by the flame, whether burning or not.
If the burning snuff happens to get out of the snuffers, you have a chance that it may fall into a dish of soup. Swift.

Snuff

Snuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snuffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snuffing.] [OE. snuffen. See Snuff of a candle Snuff to sniff.] To crop the snuff of, as a candle; to take off the end of the snuff of. To snuff out, to extinguish by snuffing.
Page 1364

Snuff

Snuff (?), v. t.[Akin to D. snuffen, G. schnupfen, schnuppen, to snuff, schnupfen a cold in the head, schnuppen to snuff (air), also, to snuff (a candle). Cf. Sniff, Snout, Snub, v. i.]

1. To draw in, or to inhale, forcibly through the nose; to sniff.

He snuffs the wind, his heels the sand excite. Dryden.

2. To perceive by the nose; to scent; to smell.

Snuff

Snuff, v. i.

1. To inhale air through the nose with violence or with noise, as do dogs and horses. Dryden.

2. To turn up the nose and inhale air, as an expression of contempt; hence, to take offense.

Do the enemies of the church rage and snuff? Bp. Hall.

Snuff

Snuff, n.

1. The act of snuffing; perception by snuffing; a sniff.

2. Pulverized tobacco, etc., prepared to be taken into the nose; also, the amount taken at once.

3. Resentment, displeasure, or contempt, expressed by a snuffing of the nose. [Obs.] Snuff dipping. See Dipping, n., 5. -- Snuff taker, one who uses snuff by inhaling it through the nose. -- To take it in snuff, to be angry or offended. Shak. -- Up to snuff, not likely to be imposed upon; knowing; acute. [Slang]<-- also, competent, able to do [the task] -->

Snuffbox

Snuff"box` (?), n. A small box for carrying snuff about the person.

Snuffer

Snuff"er (?), n.

1. One who snuffs.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The common porpoise.

Snuffers

Snuff"ers (?), n. pl. An instrument for cropping and holding the snuff of a candle.

Snuffingly

Snuff"ing*ly, adv. In a snuffing manner.

Snuffle

Snuf"fle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snuffled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snuffling (?).] [Freq. of snuff, v.i.; akin to LG. snuffeln, G. schn\'81ffeln, D. snuffeln, Dan. sn\'94vle. Cf. Sniffle.] To speak through the nose; to breathe through the nose when it is obstructed, so as to make a broken sound.
One clad in purple Eats, and recites some lamentable rhyme . . . Snuffling at nose, and croaking in his throat. Dryden.

Snuffle

Snuf"fle, n.

1. The act of snuffing; a sound made by the air passing through the nose when obstructed.

This dread sovereign, Breath, in its passage, gave a snort or snuffle. Coleridge.

2. An affected nasal twang; hence, cant; hypocrisy.

3. pl. Obstruction of the nose by mucus; nasal catarrh of infants or children. [Colloq.]

Snuffler

Snuf"fler (?), n. One who snuffles; one who uses cant.

Snuffy

Snuff"y (?), a.

1. Soiled with snuff.

2. Sulky; angry; vexed. [Obs. or Scot.] Jamieson.

Snug

Snug (?), a. [Compar. Snugger (?); superl. Snuggest (?).] [Prov. E. snug tight, handsome; cf. Icel. sn\'94ggr smooth, ODan. sn\'94g neat, Sw. snugg.]

1. Close and warm; as, an infant lies snug.

2. Close; concealed; not exposed to notice.

Lie snug, and hear what critics say. Swift.

3. Compact, convenient, and comfortable; as, a snug farm, house, or property.

Snug

Snug, n. (Mach.) Same as Lug, n., 3.

Snug

Snug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snugging(?).] To lie close; to snuggle; to snudge; -- often with up, or together; as, a child snugs up to its mother.

Snug

Snug, v. t.

1. To place snugly. [R.] Goldsmith.

2. To rub, as twine or rope, so as to make it smooth and improve the finish.

Snuggery

Snug"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Snuggeries (. A snug, cozy place. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Snuggle

Snug"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snuggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snuggling (?).] [Freq. of snug.] To move one way and the other so as to get a close place; to lie close for comfort; to cuddle; to nestle.

Snugly

Snug"ly, adv. In a snug manner; closely; safely.

Snugness

Snug"ness, n. The quality or state of being snug.

Sny

Sny (?), n. [Cf. Icel. sn&umac;a to turn.] An upward bend in a piece of timber; the sheer of a vessel.

Snying

Sny"ing, n. (Naut.) A curved plank, placed edgewise, to work in the bows of a vessel. R. H. Dana, Jr.

So

So (?), adv. [OE. so, sa, swa, AS. sw\'be; akin to OFries, s\'be, s, D. zoo, OS. & OHG. s, G. so, Icel. sv\'be, sv, svo, so, Sw. s, Dan. saa, Goth. swa so, sw as; cf. L. suus one's own, Skr. sva one's own, one's self. &root;192. Cf. As, Custom, Ethic, Idiom, Such.]

1. In that manner or degree; as, indicated (in any way), or as implied, or as supposed to be known.

Why is his chariot so long in coming? Judges v. 28.

2. In like manner or degree; in the same way; thus; for like reason; whith equal reason; -- used correlatively, following as, to denote comparison or resemblance; sometimes, also, following inasmuch as.

As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought to consider the condition he is in. Swift.

3. In such manner; to such degree; -- used correlatively with as or that following; as, he was so fortunate as to escape.

I viewed in may mind, so far as I was able, the beginning and progress of a rising world. T. Burnet.
He is very much in Sir Roger's esteem, so that he lives in the family rather as a relation than dependent. Addison.

4. Very; in a high degree; that is, in such a degree as can not well be expressed; as, he is so good; he planned so wisely.

5. In the same manner; as has been stated or suggested; in this or that condition or state; under these circumstances; in this way; -- with reflex reference to something just asserted or implied; used also with the verb to be, as a predicate.

Use him [your tutor] with great respect yourself, and cause all your family to do so too. Locke.
It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire into those matters, whether they be so or not. Tillotson.
He is Sir Robert's son, and so art thou. Shak.

6. The case being such; therefore; on this account; for this reason; on these terms; -- used both as an adverb and a conjuction.

God makes him in his own image an intellectual creature, and so capable of dominion. Locke.
Here, then, exchange we mutually forgiveness; So may the guilt of all my broken vows, My perjuries to thee, be all forgotten. Rowe.

7. It is well; let it be as it is, or let it come to pass; -- used to express assent.

And when 't is writ, for my sake read it over, And if it please you, so; if not, why, so. Shak.
There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself. Shak.

8. Well; the fact being as stated; -- used as an expletive; as, so the work is done, is it?

9. Is it thus? do you mean what you say? -- with an upward tone; as, do you say he refuses? So? [Colloq.]

10. About the number, time, or quantity specified; thereabouts; more or less; as, I will spend a week or so in the country; I have read only a page or so. <-- s.b. collocation "or so" -->

A week or so will probably reconcile us. Gay.
&hand; See the Note under Ill, adv. So . . . as. So is now commonly used as a demonstrative correlative of as when it is the puprpose to emphasize the equality or comparison suggested, esp. in negative assertions, and questions implying a negative answer. By Shakespeare and others so . . . as was much used where as . . . as is now common. See the Note under As, 1.
So do, as thou hast said. Gen. xviii. 5.
As a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. Ps. ciii. 15.
Had woman been so strong as men. Shak.
No country suffered so much as England. Macaulay.
-- So far, to that point or extent; in that particular. "The song was moral, and so far was right." Cowper. -- So far forth, as far; to such a degree. Shak. Bacon. -- So forth, further in the same or similar manner; more of the same or a similar kind. See And so forth, under And. -- So, so, well, well. "So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you fast." Dryden. Also, moderately or tolerably well; passably; as, he succeeded but so so. "His leg is but so so." Shak. -- So that, to the end that; in order that; with the effect or result that. -- So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is.

So

So (?), conj. Provided that; on condition that; in case that; if.<-- R. or archaic -->
Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose play upon the earth, so truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Milton.

So

So, interj. Be as you are; stand still; stop; that will do; right as you are; -- a word used esp. to cows; also used by sailors.

Soak

Soak (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soaking.] [OE. soken, AS. socian to sioak, steep, fr. s, s, to suck. See Suck.]

1. To cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or other liquid; to steep, as for the purpose of softening or freshening; as, to soak cloth; to soak bread; to soak salt meat, salt fish, or the like.

2. To drench; to wet thoroughly.

Their land shall be soaked with blood. Isa. xxiv. 7.

3. To draw in by the pores, or through small passages; as, a sponge soaks up water; the skin soaks in moisture.

4. To make (its way) by entering pores or interstices; -- often with through.

The rivulet beneath soaked its way obscurely through wreaths of snow. Sir W. Scott.

5. Fig.: To absorb; to drain. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Soak

Soak, v. i.

1. To lie steeping in water or other liquid; to become sturated; as, let the cloth lie and soak.

2. To enter (into something) by pores or interstices; as, water soaks into the earth or other porous matter.

3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously. [Slang]

Soakage

Soak"age (?), n. The act of soaking, or the state of being soaked; also, the quantity that enters or issues by soaking.

Soaker

Soak"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, soaks.

2. A hard drinker. [Slang] South.

Soaking

Soak"ing, a. Wetting thoroughly; drenching; as, a soaking rain. -- Soak"ing*ly, adv.

Soaky

Soak"y (?), a. Full of moisture; wet; soppy.

Soal

Soal (?), n.

1. The sole of a shoe. [Obs. or R.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Sole, the fish. [Obs.]

Soal

Soal, n. [AS. sol mire. Cf. Sully.] A dirty pond. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Soam

Soam (?), n. A chain by which a leading horse draws a plow. Knight.

Soap

Soap (?), n. [OE. sope, AS. s\'bepe; akin to D. zeep, G. seife, OHG. seifa, Icel. s\'bepa, Sw. s, Dan. s, and perhaps to AS. s\'c6pan to drip, MHG. s\'c6fen, and L. sebum tallow. Cf. Saponaceous.] A substance which dissolves in water, thus forming a lather, and is used as a cleansing agent. Soap is produced by combining fats or oils with alkalies or alkaline earths, usually by boiling, and consists of salts of sodium, potassium, etc., with the fatty acids (oleic, stearic, palmitic, etc.). See the Note below, and cf. Saponification. By extension, any compound of similar composition or properties, whether used as a cleaning agent or not. &hand; In general, soaps are of two classes, hard and soft. Calcium, magnesium, lead, etc., form soaps, but they are insoluble and useless.
The purifying action of soap depends upon the fact that it is decomposed by a large quantity of water into free alkali and an insoluble acid salt. The first of these takes away the fatty dirt on washing, and the latter forms the soap lather which envelops the greasy matter and thus tends to remove it. Roscoe & Schorlemmer.
Castile soap, a fine-grained hard soap, white or mottled, made of olive oil and soda; -- called also Marseilles, ∨ Venetian, soap. -- Hard soap, any one of a great variety of soaps, of different ingredients and color, which are hard and compact. All solid soaps are of this class. -- Lead soap, an insoluble, white, pliable soap made by saponifying an oil (olive oil) with lead oxide; -- used externally in medicine. Called also lead plaster, diachylon, etc. -- Marine soap. See under Marine. -- Pills of soap (Med.), pills containing soap and opium. -- Potash soap, any soap made with potash, esp. the soft soaps, and a hard soap made from potash and castor oil. -- Pumice soap, any hard soap charged with a gritty powder, as silica, alumina, powdered pumice, etc., which assists mechanically in the removal of dirt. -- Resin soap, a yellow soap containing resin, -- used in bleaching. -- Silicated soap, a cheap soap containing water glass (sodium silicate). -- Soap bark. (Bot.) See Quillaia bark. -- Soap bubble, a hollow iridescent globe, formed by blowing a film of soap suds from a pipe; figuratively, something attractive, but extremely unsubstantial.
This soap bubble of the metaphysicians. J. C. Shairp.
-- Soap cerate, a cerate formed of soap, olive oil, white wax, and the subacetate of lead, sometimes used as an application to allay inflammation. -- Soap fat, the refuse fat of kitchens, slaughter houses, etc., used in making soap. -- Soap liniment (Med.), a liniment containing soap, camphor, and alcohol. -- Soap nut, the hard kernel or seed of the fruit of the soapberry tree, -- used for making beads, buttons, etc. -- Soap plant (Bot.), one of several plants used in the place of soap, as the Chlorogalum pomeridianum, a California plant, the bulb of which, when stripped of its husk and rubbed on wet clothes, makes a thick lather, and smells not unlike new brown soap. It is called also soap apple, soap bulb, and soap weed. -- Soap tree. (Bot.) Same as Soapberry tree. -- Soda soap, a soap containing a sodium salt. The soda soaps are all hard soaps. -- Soft soap, a soap of a gray or brownish yellow color, and of a slimy, jellylike consistence, made from potash or the lye from wood ashes. It is strongly alkaline and often contains glycerin, and is used in scouring wood, in cleansing linen, in dyehouses, etc. Figuratively, flattery; wheedling; blarney. [Colloq.] -- Toilet soap, hard soap for the toilet, usually colored and perfumed.

Soap

Soap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soaping.]

1. To rub or wash over with soap.

2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Slang]

Soapberry tree

Soap"ber`ry tree` (?). (Bot.) Any tree of the genus Sapindus, esp. Sapindus saponaria, the fleshy part of whose fruit is used instead of soap in washing linen; -- also called soap tree.

Soapfish

Soap"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any serranoid fish of the genus Rhypticus; -- so called from the soapy feeling of its skin.

Soapiness

Soap"i*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being soapy.

Soaproot

Soap"root` (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial herb (Gypsophila Struthium) the root of which is used in Spain as a substitute for soap.

Soapstone

Soap"stone` (?), n. See Steatite, and Talc.

Soapsuds

Soap"suds` (?), n. pl. Suds made with soap.

Soapwort

Soap"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A common plant (Saponaria officinalis) of the Pink family; -- so called because its bruised leaves, when agitated in water, produce a lather like that from soap. Called also Bouncing Bet.

Soapy

Soap"y (?), a. [Compar. Soapier (?); superl. Soapiest.]

1. Resembling soap; having the qualities of, or feeling like, soap; soft and smooth.

2. Smeared with soap; covered with soap.

Soar

Soar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soared (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Soaring.] [F. s'essorer to soar, essorer to dry (by exposing to the air), fr. L. ex out + aura the air, a breeze; akin to Gr.

1. To fly aloft, as a bird; to mount upward on wings, or as on wings. Chaucer.

When soars Gaul's vulture with his wings unfurled. Byron.

2. Fig.: To rise in thought, spirits, or imagination; to be exalted in mood.

Where the deep transported mind may soar. Milton.
Valor soars above What the world calls misfortune. Addison.

Soar

Soar, n. The act of soaring; upward flight.
This apparent soar of the hooded falcon. Coleridge.

Soar

Soar, a. See 3d Sore. [Obs.]

Soar

Soar, a. See Sore, reddish brown. Soar falcon. (Zo\'94l.) See Sore falcon, under Sore.

Soaring

Soar"ing, a. & n. from Soar. -- Soar"ing*ly, adv.

Soave

So*a"ve (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Sweet.

Soavemente

So*a`ve*men"te (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) Sweetly.

Sob

Sob (?), v. t. [See Sop.] To soak. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Sob

Sob, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sobbing.] [OE. sobben; akin to AS. se\'a2fian, si\'a2fian, to complain, bewail, se\'a2fung, si\'a2fung, sobbing, lamentation; cf. OHG. s, s, to sigh, MHG. siuften, siufzen, G. seufzen, MHG. s a sigh, properly, a drawing in of breath, from s to drink, OHG. s. Cf. Sup.] To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind of convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a convulsive drawing in of the breath.
Sobbing is the same thing [as sighing], stronger. Bacon.
She sighed, she sobbed, and, furious with despair. She rent her garments, and she tore her hair. Dryden.

Sob

Sob, n.

1. The act of sobbing; a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of the breath, as in sorrow.

Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath. Dryden.

2. Any sorrowful cry or sound.

The tremulous sob of the complaining owl. Wordsworth.

Sobbing

Sob"bing (?), n. A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs. <-- a less intense form of crying -->

Sober

Sober (?), a. [Compar. Soberer (?); superl. Soberest.] [OE. sobre, F. sobre, from L. sobrius, probably from a prefix so- expressing separation + ebrius drunken. Cf. Ebriety.]

1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors; habitually temperate; as, a sober man.

That we may hereafter live a godly, righteous, and sober life, to the glory of Thy holy name. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Not intoxicated or excited by spirituous liquors; as, the sot may at times be sober.

3. Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary, or heated with passion; exercising cool, dispassionate reason; self-controlled; self-possessed.

There was not a sober person to be had; all was tempestuous and blustering. Druden.
No sober man would put himself into danger for the applause of escaping without breaking his neck. Dryden.
Page 1365

4. Not proceeding from, or attended with, passion; calm; as, sober judgment; a man in his sober senses.

5. Serious or subdued in demeanor, habit, appearance, or color; solemn; grave; sedate.

What parts gay France from sober Spain? Prior.
See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby. Pope.
Twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. Milton.
Syn. -- Grave; temperate; abstinent; abstemious; moderate; regular; steady; calm; quiet; cool; collected; dispassionate; unimpassioned; sedate; staid; serious; solemn; somber. See Grave.

Sober

So"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sobered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sobering.] To make sober.
There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely sobers us again. Pope.

Sober

So"ber, v. i. To become sober; -- often with down.
Vance gradually sobered down. Ld. Lytton.

Soberize

So"ber*ize (?), v. t. & i. To sober. [R.] Crabbe.

Soberly

So"ber*ly, adv. In a sober manner; temperately; cooly; calmly; gravely; seriously.

Soberly

So"ber*ly, a. Grave; serious; solemn; sad. [Obs.]
[He] looked hollow and thereto soberly. Chaucer.

Sober-minded

So"ber-mind`ed (?), a. Having a disposition or temper habitually sober. -- So"ber-mind`ed*ness, n.

Soberness

So"ber*ness, n. The quality or state of being sober.

Soboles

Sob"o*les (?), n. [L., a short.] (Bot.) (a) A shoot running along under ground, forming new plants at short distances. (b) A sucker, as of tree or shrub.

Soboliferous

Sob`o*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. soboles + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing soboles. See Illust. of Houseleek.

Sobriety

So*bri"e*ty (?), n. [L. sobrietas: cf. F. sobri\'82t\'82. See Sober.]

1. Habitual soberness or temperance as to the use of spirituous liquors; as, a man of sobriety.

Public sobriety is a relative duty. Blackstone.

2. Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion, or overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; gravity; seriousness; as, the sobriety of riper years.

Mirth makes them not mad, Nor sobriety sad. Denham.
Syn. -- Soberness; temperance; abstinence; abstemiousness; moderation; regularity; steadness; calmness; coolness; sober-mindeness; sedateness; staidness; gravity; seriousness; solemnity.

Sobriquet

So`bri`quet" (s&osl;`br&esl;`k&asl;"), n.[F. sobriquet, OF. soubzbriquet, soubriquet, a chuck under the chin, hence, an affront, a nickname; of uncertain origin; cf. It. sottobecco a chuck under the chin.] An assumed name; a fanciful epithet or appellation; a nickname. [Sometimes less correctly written soubriquet.]

Soc

Soc (s&ocr;k), n. [AS. s<0mac/c the power of holding court, sway, domain, properly, the right of investigating or seeking; akin to E. sake, seek. Sake, Seek, and cf. Sac, and Soke.] [Written also sock, and soke.]

1. (O. Eng. Law) (a) The lord's power or privilege of holding a court in a district, as in manor or lordship; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. (b) Liberty or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens.

2. An exclusive privilege formerly claimed by millers of grrinding all the corn used within the manor or township which the mill stands. [Eng.] Soc and sac (O. Eng. Law), the full right of administering justice in a manor or lordship.

Socage

Soc"age (?), n.[From Soc; cf. LL. socagium.] (O.Eng. Law) A tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate service; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's service, in which the obligations were uncertain. The service must be certain, in order to be denominated socage, as to hold by fealty and twenty shillings rent. [Written also soccage.] &hand; Socage is of two kinds; free socage, where the services are not only certain, but honorable; and villein socage, where the services, though certain, are of a baser nature. Blackstone.

Socager

Soc"a*ger (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A tennant by socage; a socman.

So-called

So"-called` (?), a. So named; called by such a name (but perhaps called thus with doubtful propriety).

Sociability

So`cia*bil"i*ty (?), n.[Cf. F. sociabilit\'82.] The quality of being sociable; sociableness.

SSociable

SSo"cia*ble (?), a.[F., fr. L. sociabilis, fr. sociare to associate, fr. socius a companion. See Social.]

1. Capable of being, or fit to be, united in one body or company; associable. [R.]

They are sociable parts united into one body. Hooker.

2. Inclined to, or adapted for, society; ready to unite with others; fond of companions; social.

Society is no comfort to one not sociable. Shak.
What can be uneasy to this sociable creature than the dry, pensive retirements of solitude? South.

3. Ready to converse; inclined to talk with others; not taciturn or reserved.

4. Affording opportunites for conversation; characterized by much conversation; as, a sociable party.

5. No longer hostile; friendly. [Obs.] Beau & Fl. Sociable bird, ∨ Sociable weaver (Zo\'94l.), a weaver bird which builds composite nests. See Republican, n., 3. (b). Syn. -- Social; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar; communicative; accessible.

Sociable

So"cia*ble, n.

1. A gathering of people for social purposes; an informal party or reception; as, a church sociable. [Colloq. U. S.]

2. A carriage having two double seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. Miss Edgeworth.

Sociableness

So"cia*ble*ness, n. The quality of being sociable.

Sociably

So"cia*bly, adv. In a sociable manner.

Social

So"cial (?), a. [L. socialis, from socius a companion; akin to sequi to follow: cf. F. social. See Sue to follow.]

1. Of or pertaining to society; relating to men living in society, or to the public as an aggregate body; as, social interest or concerns; social pleasure; social benefits; social happiness; social duties. "Social phenomena." J. S. Mill.

2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly converse; companionable; sociable; as, a social person.

3. Consisting in union or mutual intercourse.

Best with thyself accompanied, seek'st not Social communication. Milton.

4. (Bot.) Naturally growing in groups or masses; -- said of many individual plants of the same species.

5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Living in communities consisting of males, females, and neuters, as do ants and most bees. (b) Forming compound groups or colonies by budding from basal processes or stolons; as, the social ascidians. Social science, the science of all that relates to the social condition, the relations and institutions which are involved in man's existence and his well-being as a member of an organized community; sociology. It concerns itself with questions of the public health, education, labor, punishment of crime, reformation of criminals, and the like. -- Social whale (Zo\'94l.), the blackfish. -- The social evil, prostitution. Syn. -- Sociable; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar; communicative; convival; festive.

Socialism

So"cial*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. socialisme.] A theory or system of social reform which contemplates a complete reconstruction of society, with a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor. In popular usage, the term is often employed to indicate any lawless, revolutionary social scheme. See Communism, Fourierism, Saint-Simonianism, forms of socialism.
[Socialism] was first applied in England to Owen's theory of social reconstruction, and in France to those also of St. Simon and Fourier . . . The word, however, is used with a great variety of meaning, . . . even by economists and learned critics. The general tendency is to regard as socialistic any interference undertaken by society on behalf of the poor, . . . radical social reform which disturbs the present system of private property . . . The tendency of the present socialism is more and more to ally itself with the most advanced democracy. Encyc. Brit.
We certainly want a true history of socialism, meaning by that a history of every systematic attempt to provide a new social existence for the mass of the workers. F. Harrison.

Socialist

So"cial*ist, n. [Cf. F. socialiste.] One who advocates or practices the doctrines of socialism.

Socialist, Socialistic

So"cial*ist, So`cial*is"tic, a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, socialism.

Sociality

So`ci*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. socialist\'82, L. socialitas.] The quality of being social; socialness.

Socialize

So"cial*ize (?), v. t.

1. To render social.

2. To subject to, or regulate by, socialism.

Socially

So"cial*ly, adv. In a social manner; sociably.

Socialness

So"cial*ness, n. The quality or state of being social.

Sociate

So"ci*ate (?), a. [L. sociatus, p. p. of sociare to associate, fr. socius companion.] Associated. [Obs.]

Sociate

So"ci*ate, n. An associate. [Obs.]
As for you, Dr. Reynolds, and your sociates. Fuller.

Sociate

So"ci*ate (?), v. i. To associate. [Obs.] Shelford.

Societarian

So*ci`e*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to society; social.
The all-sweeping besom of societarian reformation. Lamb.

Societary

So*ci"e*ta*ry (?), a. Societarian. [R.]

Society

So*ci"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Societies (#). [L. societas, fr. socius a companion: cf. F. soci\'82t\'82. See Social.]

1. The relationship of men to one another when associated in any way; companionship; fellowship; company. "Her loved society." Milton.

There is society where none intrudes By the deep sea, and music in its roar. Byron.

2. Connection; participation; partnership. [R.]

The meanest of the people and such as have the least society with the acts and crimes of kings. Jer. Taylor.

3. A number of persons associated for any temporary or permanent object; an association for mutual or joint usefulness, pleasure, or profit; a social union; a partnership; as, a missionary society.

4. The persons, collectively considered, who live in any region or at any period; any community of individuals who are united together by a common bond of nearness or intercourse; those who recognize each other as associates, friends, and acquaintances.

5. Specifically, the more cultivated portion of any community in its social relations and influences; those who mutually give receive formal entertainments. Society of Jesus. See Jesuit. -- Society verses [a translation of F. vers de soci\'82t\'82], the lightest kind of lyrical poetry; verses for the amusement of polite society.

Socinian

So*cin"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Socinus, or the Socinians.

Socinian

So*cin"i*an, n. One of the followers of Socinus; a believer in Socinianism.

Socinianism

So*cin"i*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The tenets or doctrines of Faustus Socinus, an Italian theologian of the sixteenth century, who denied the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the personality of the Devil, the native and total depravity of man, the vicarious atonement, and the eternity of future punishment. His theory was, that Christ was a man divinely commissioned, who had no existence before he was conceived by the Virgin Mary; that human sin was the imitation of Adam's sin, and that human salvation was the imitation and adoption of Christ's virtue; that the Bible was to be interpreted by human reason; and that its language was metaphorical, and not to be taken literally.

Socinianize

So*cin"i*an*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Socinianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Socinianizing (?).] To cause to conform to Socinianism; to regulate by, or imbue with, the principles of Socinianism.

Sociologic, Sociological

So`ci*o*log"ic (?), So`ci*o*log"ic*al (?) a. Of or pertaining to sociology, or social science. -- So`ci*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Sociologist

So`ci*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of, or devotes himself to, the study of sociology. J. S. Mill.

Sociology

So`ci*ol"o*gy (?), n. [L. socius a companion + -logy.] That branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution, phenomena, and development of human society; social science. H. Spencer.

Sock

Sock (?), n. [F. soc, LL. soccus, perhaps of Celtic origin.] A plowshare. Edin. Encyc.

Sock

Sock, n. [OE. sock, AS. socc, fr. L. soccus a kind of low-heeled, light shoe. Cf. Sucket.]

1. The shoe worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and Rome, -- used as a sumbol of comedy, of the comic drams, as distinguished from tragedy, which is symbolized by the buskin.

Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here, Nor greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryden.

2. A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower leg; a stocking with a short leg.

3. A warm inner sole for a shoe. Simmonds.

Sockdolager

Sock*dol"a*ger (?), n. [A corruption of doxology.] [Written also sockdologer.]

1. That which finishes or ends a matter; a settler; a poser, as a heavy blow, a conclusive answer, and the like. [Slang, U.S.]

2. (Angling) A combination of two hooks which close upon each other, by means of a spring, as soon as the fish bites. [U. S.]

Socket

Sock"et (?), n. [OE. soket, a dim. through OF. fr. L. soccus. See Sock a covering for the foot.]

1. An opening into which anything is fitted; any hollow thing or place which receives and holds something else; as, the sockets of the teeth.

His eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink. Dryden.

2. Especially, the hollow tube or place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick.

And in the sockets oily bubbles dance. Dryden.
Socket bolt (Mach.), a bolt that passes through a thimble that is placed between the parts connected by the bolt. -- Socket chisel. Same as Framing chisel. See under Framing. -- Socket pipe, a pipe with an expansion at one end to receive the end of a connecting pipe. -- Socket pole, a pole armed with iron fixed on by means of a socket, and used to propel boats, etc. [U.S.] -- Socket wrench, a wrench consisting of a socket at the end of a shank or rod, for turning a nut, bolthead, etc., in a narrow or deep recess.

Socketed

Sock"et*ed (?), a. Having a socket. Dawkins.

Sockless

Sock"less, a. Destitute of socks or shoes. B. & Fl.

Socky

Sock"y (?), a. Wet; soaky. [Prov. Eng.]

Socle

So"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. socculus, dim. of soccus. See Sock a covering for the foot. Cf. Zocco.] (Arch.) (a) A plain block or plinth forming a low pedestal; any base; especially, the base of a statue, column, or the like. See Plinth. (b) A plain face or plinth at the lower part of a wall. Oxf. Gloss.

Socman

Soc"man (?), n.; pl. Socmen (#). [See Socage.] (O. Eng. Law) One who holds lands or tenements by socage; a socager. Cowell.

Socmanry

Soc"man*ry (?), n. (O.E. Law) Tenure by socage.

Socome

Soc"ome (?), n. [AS. s&omac;cen, s&omac;cn, searching, or the right of searching, the lord's court. See Soc.] (O.Eng. Law) A custom of tenants to grind corn at the lord's mill. Cowell.

Socotrine

Soc"o*trine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Socotra, an island in the Indian Ocean, on the east coast of Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Socotra.

Socratic, Socratical

So*crat"ic (?), So*crat"ic*al (?), a. [L. Socraticus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage and teacher. (b. c. 469-399), or to his manner of teaching and philosophizing. &hand; The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by a series of questions leading the one to whom they were addressed to perceive and admit what was true or false in doctrine, or right or wrong in conduct.

Socratically

So*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the Socratic method.

Socratism

Soc"ra*tism (?), n. The philosophy or the method of Socrates.

Socratist

Soc"ra*tist (?), n. [Gr. A disciple or follower of Socrates.

Sod

Sod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The rock dove. [Prov. Eng.]

Sod

Sod, obs. imp. of Seethe.

Sod

Sod, n. [Akin to LG. sode, D. zode, OD. sode, soode, OFries. satha, and E. seethe. So named from its sodden state in wet weather. See Seethe.] That stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf; sward.
She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. Collins.

Sod

Sod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sodden; p. pr. & vb. n. Sodding.] To cover with sod; to turf.

Soda

So"da (?), n. [It., soda, in OIt., ashes used in making glass, fr. L. solida, fem. of solidus solid; solida having probably been a name of glasswort. See Solid.] (Chem.) (a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide. (b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. -- Cooking soda, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.] -- Sal soda. See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Soda alum (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of alumina and soda. -- Soda ash, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain other plants, as saltwort (Salsola). See under Sodium. -- Soda fountain, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted with delivery tube, faucets, etc. -- Soda lye, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of sodium hydroxide, used in soap making. -- Soda niter. See Nitratine. -- Soda salts, salts having sodium for the base; specifically, sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts. -- Soda waste, the waste material, consisting chiefly of calcium hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a useless residue or side product in the ordinary Leblanc process of soda manufacture; -- called also alkali waste. -- Soda water, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now, in common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged with carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc., are usually added to give flavor. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Washing soda, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]
Page 1366

Sodaic

So*da"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, soda. "Sodaic powder." Ure.

Sodalite

So"da*lite (?), n. [Soda + -lite: cf. F. sodalithe.] (Min.) A mineral of a white to blue or gray color, occuring commonly in dodecahedrons, also massive. It is a silicate of alumina and soda with some chlorine.

Sodality

So*dal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Sodalities (#). [L. sodalitas, fr. sodalis a comrade.]

1. A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.

2. (R.C.Ch.) Specifically, a lay association for devotion or for charitable purposes.

Sodamide

Sod*am"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A greenish or reddish crystalline substance, NaNH2, obtained by passing ammonia over heated sodium.

Sodden

Sod"den (?), a. [p. p. of Seethe.] Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy with moisture; saturated; as, sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.

Sodden

Sod"den, v. i. To be seethed; to become sodden.

Sodden

Sod"den, v. t. To soak; to make heavy with water.

Sodden-witted

Sod"den-wit`ted (?), a. Heavy; dull. Shak.

Soddy

Sod"dy (?), a. [From Sod.] Consisting of sod; covered with sod; turfy. Cotgrave.

Soder

Sod"er (?), n. & v. t. See Solder.

Sodic

So"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sodium; containing sodium.

Sodio-

So"di*o- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sodium or one of its compounds.

Sodium

So"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr.E. soda.] (Chem.) A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific gravity 0.97. Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise. -- Sodium bicarbonate, a white crystalline substance, HNaCO3, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral springs and also produced artificially,. It is used in cookery, in baking powders, and as a source of carbonic acid gas (carbon dioxide) for soda water. Called also cooking soda, saleratus, and technically, acid sodium carbonate, primary sodium carbonate, sodium dicarbonate, etc. -- Sodium carbonate, a white crystalline substance, Na2CO3.10H2O, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in large quantities from common salt. It is used in making soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many chemical industries. Called also sal soda, washing soda, or soda. Cf. Sodium bicarbonate, above and Trona. Sodium chloride, common, or table, salt, NaCl. -- Sodium hydroxide, a white opaque brittle solid, NaOH, having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium carbonate. It is a strong alkali, and is used in the manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for paper, etc. Called also sodium hydrate, and caustic soda. By extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.

Sodomite

Sod"om*ite (?), n.

1. An inhabitant of Sodom.

2. One guilty of sodomy.

Sodomitical

Sod`om*it"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, sodomy. -- Sod`om*it"ic*al*ly, adv.

Sodomy

Sod"om*y (?), n. [From Sodom. a country mentioned in the Bible: cf. F. sodomite.] Carnal copulation in a manner against nature; buggery. Gen. xix. 5. <-- can we be more explicit? -->

Soe

Soe (?), n. [Scot. sae, say, saye; cf. Icel. s\'ber a large cask, Sw. s a tub.] A large wooden vessel for holding water; a cowl. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Dr. H. More.

Soever

So*ev"er (?). A word compounded of so and ever, used in composition with who, what, where, when, how, etc., and indicating any out of all possible or supposable persons, things, places, times, ways, etc. It is sometimes used separate from the pronoun or adverb.
For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required. Luke xii. 48.
What great thing soever a man proposed to do in his life, he should think of achieving it by fifty. Sir W. Temple.

Sofa

So"fa (?), n.; pl. Sofas (#). [Ar. soffah, from saffa to dispose in order: cf. F. sofa, It.sof\'85.] A long seat, usually with a cushioned bottom, back, and ends; -- much used as a comfortable piece of furniture.
Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round. Cowper.
Sofa bed, a sofa so contrived that it may be extended to form a bed; -- called also sofa bedstead.

Soffit

Sof"fit (?), n. [It. soffitta, soffitto, fr. soffiggere to hide, properly, to fix or fasten under, L. suffigere to fasten beneath or below; sub under, beneath + figere to fix, faste: cf. F. soffite.] (Arch.) The under side of the subordinate parts and members of buildings, such as staircases, entablatures, archways, cornices, or the like. See Illust. of Lintel.

Sofi

So"fi (?), n.; pl. Sofis (. Same as Sufi.

Sofism

So"fism (?), n. Same as Sufism.

Soft

Soft (?), a. [Compar. Softer (?); superl. Softest.] [OE. softe, AS. s, properly adv. of s, adj.; akin to OS. s\'befto, adv., D. zacht, OHG. samfto, adv., semfti, adj., G. sanft, LG. sacht; of uncertain origin.]

1. Easily yielding to pressure; easily impressed, molded, or cut; not firm in resisting; impressible; yielding; also, malleable; -- opposed to hard; as, a soft bed; a soft peach; soft earth; soft wood or metal.

2. Not rough, rugged, or harsh to the touch; smooth; delicate; fine; as, soft silk; a soft skin.

They that wear soft clothing are in king's houses. Matt. xi. 8.

3. Hence, agreeable to feel, taste, or inhale; not irritating to the tissues; as, a soft liniment; soft wines. "The soft, delicious air." Milton.

4. Not harsh or offensive to the sight; not glaring; pleasing to the eye; not exciting by intensity of color or violent contrast; as, soft hues or tints.

The sun, shining upon the upper part of the clouds . . . made the softest lights imaginable. Sir T. Browne.

5. Not harsh or rough in sound; gentle and pleasing to the ear; flowing; as, soft whispers of music.

Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low, -- an excellent thing in woman. Shak.
Soft were my numbers; who could take offense? Pope.

6. Easily yielding; susceptible to influence; flexible; gentle; kind.

I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward's; Or Edward's soft and pitiful, like mine. Shak.
The meek or soft shall inherit the earth. Tyndale.

7. Expressing gentleness, tenderness, or the like; mild; conciliatory; courteous; kind; as, soft eyes.

A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1.
A face with gladness overspread, Soft smiles, by human kindness bred. Wordsworth.

8. Effeminate; not courageous or manly, weak.

A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution of the spirit of a man, and makes it loose, soft, and wandering. Jer. Taylor.

9. Gentle in action or motion; easy.

On her soft axle, white she paces even, And bears thee soft with the smooth air along. Milton.

10. Weak in character; impressible.

The deceiver soon found this soft place of Adam's. Glanvill.

11. Somewhat weak in intellect. [Colloq.]

He made soft fellows stark noddies, and such as were foolish quite mad. Burton.

12. Quiet; undisturbed; paceful; as, soft slumbers.

13. Having, or consisting of, a gentle curve or curves; not angular or abrupt; as, soft outlines.

14. Not tinged with mineral salts; adapted to decompose soap; as, soft water is the best for washing.

15. (Phonetics) (a) Applied to a palatal, a sibilant, or a dental consonant (as g in gem, c in cent, etc.) as distinguished from a guttural mute (as g in go, c in cone, etc.); -- opposed to hard. (b) Belonging to the class of sonant elements as distinguished from the surd, and considered as involving less force in utterance; as, b, d, g, z, v, etc., in contrast with p, t, k, s, f, etc. Soft clam (Zo\'94l.), the common or long clam (Mya arenaria). See Mya. -- Soft coal, bituminous coal, as distinguished from anthracite, or hard, coal. -- Soft crab (Zo\'94l.), any crab which has recently shed its shell. -- Soft dorsal (Zo\'94l.), the posterior part of the dorsal fin of fishes when supported by soft rays. -- Soft grass. (Bot.) See Velvet grass. -- Soft money, paper money, as distinguished from coin, or hard money. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Soft mute. (Phonetics) See Media. -- Soft palate. See the Note under Palate. -- Soft ray (Zo\'94l.), a fin ray which is articulated and usually branched. -- Soft soap. See under Soap. -- Soft-tack, leavened bread, as distinguished from hard-tack, or ship bread. -- Soft tortoise (Zo\'94l.), any river tortoise of the genus Trionyx. See Trionyx.

Soft

Soft (?), n. A soft or foolish person; an idiot. [Colloq.] G. Eliot.

Soft

Soft, adv. Softly; without roughness or harshness; gently; quietly. Chaucer.
A knight soft riding toward them. Spenser.

Soft

Soft, interj. Be quiet; hold; stop; not so fast.<-- archaic or obs. -->
Soft, you; a word or two before you go. Shak.

Softa

Sof"ta (?), n. [Corruption of Per. s one who burns, is ardent or zealous.] Any one attached to a Mohammedan mosque, esp. a student of the higher branches of theology in a mosque school. [Written also sophta.]

Soften

Sof"ten (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Softened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Softening.] To make soft or more soft. Specifically: -- (a) To render less hard; -- said of matter.
Their arrow's point they soften in the flame. Gay.
(b) To mollify; to make less fierce or intractable.
Diffidence conciliates the proud, and softens the severe. Rambler.
(c) To palliate; to represent as less enormous; as, to soften a fault. (d) To compose; to mitigate; to assuage.
Music can soften pain to ease. Pope.
(e) To make calm and placid.
All that cheers or softens life. Pope.
(f) To make less harsh, less rude, less offensive, or less violent, or to render of an opposite quality.
He bore his great commision in his look, But tempered awe, and softened all he spoke. Dryden.
(g) To make less glaring; to tone down; as, to soften the coloring of a picture. (h) To make tender; to make effeminate; to enervate; as, troops softened by luxury. <-- weaken --> (i) To make less harsh or grating, or of a quality the opposite; as, to soften the voice.

Soften

Sof"ten, v. i. To become soft or softened, or less rude, harsh, severe, or obdurate.

Softener

Sof"ten*er (?), n. One who, or that which, softens. [Written also, less properly, softner.] <-- Water softener, a device which exchanges sodium ions for polyvalent metal cations in water, thus converting the "hard" mineral-containing water into "soft" water. This treatment renders the water more usable for washing, as the polyvalent cations interfere with the detergent action of soaps. -->

Softening

Sof"ten*ing, a. & n. from Soften, v. Softening of the brain, ∨ Cerebral softening (Med.), a localized softening of the brain substance, due to hemorrhage or inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished by their color and representing different stages of the morbid process, are known respectively as red, yellow, and white, softening.

Soft-finned

Soft"-finned` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the fin rays cartilaginous or flexible; without spines; -- said of certain fishes.

Soft-headed

Soft"-head`ed (?), a. Weak in intellect.

Soft-hearted

Soft"-heart`ed (?), a. Having softness or tenderness of heart; susceptible of pity or other kindly affection; gentle; meek. -- Soft"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Softish

Soft"ish (?), a. Somewhat soft. De Witt Clinton.

Softling

Soft"ling (?), n. A soft, effeminate person; a voluptuary. [R.] Bp. Woolton. .

Softly

Soft"ly, adv. In a soft manner.

Softner

Soft"ner (?), n. See Softener.

Softness

Soft"ness (?), n. [AS. s, s.] The quality or state of being soft; -- opposed to hardness, and used in the various specific senses of the adjective.

Soft-shell, Soft-shelled

Soft"-shell` (?), Soft"-shelled` (?), a. Having a soft or fragile shell. Soft-shell clam (Zo\'94l.), the long clam. See Mya. -- Soft-shelled crab. (Zo\'94l.) See the Note under Crab, 1. -- Soft-shelled turtle. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Soft tortoise, under Soft.

Soft-spoken

Soft"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking softly; having a mild or gentle voice; hence, mild; affable.

Sogginess

Sog"gi*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being soggy; soddenness; wetness.

Soggy

Sog"gy (?), a. [Compar. Soggier (?); superl. Soggiest.] [Cf. Icel. s\'94ggr damp, wet, or E. soak.] Filled with water; soft with moisture; sodden; soaked; wet; as, soggy land or timber.

Soho

So*ho" (?), interj. Ho; -- a word used in calling from a distant place; a sportsman's halloo. Shak.

Soi-disant

Soi`-di`sant" (?), a. [F.] Calling himself; self-styled; pretended; would-be.

Soil

Soil (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soiling.] [OF. saoler, saouler, to satiate, F. so\'96ler, L. satullare, fr. satullus, dim. of satur sated. See Satire.] To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an inclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (such food having the effect of purging them), to purge by feeding on green food; as, to soil a horse.

Soil

Soil, n. [OE. soile, F. sol, fr. L. solum bottom, soil; but the word has probably been influenced in form by soil a miry place. Cf. Saloon, Soil a miry place, Sole of the foot.]

1. The upper stratum of the earth; the mold, or that compound substance which furnishes nutriment to plants, or which is particularly adapted to support and nourish them.

2. Land; country.

Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave Thee, native soil? Milton.

3. Dung; f\'91ces; compost; manure; as, night soil.

Improve land by dung and other sort of soils. Mortimer.
Soil pipe, a pipe or drain for carrying off night soil.

Soil

Soil, v. t. To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
Men . . . soil their ground, not that they love the dirt, but that they expect a crop. South.

Soil

Soil, n. [OF. soil, souil, F. souille, from OF. soillier, F. souiller. See Soil to make dirty.] A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer.
As deer, being stuck, fly through many soils, Yet still the shaft sticks fast. Marston.
To take soil, to run into the mire or water; hence, to take refuge or shelter.
O, sir, have you taken soil here? It is well a man may reach you after three hours' running. B. Jonson.

Soil

Soil, v. t.[OE. soilen, OF. soillier, F. souiller, (assumed) LL. suculare, fr. L. sucula a little pig, dim. of sus a swine. See Sow, n.]

1. To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to foul; to dirty; to defile; as, to soil a garment with dust.

Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained. Milton.

2. To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to sully. Shak. Syn. -- To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime; bemire; bespatter; besmear; daub; bedaub; stain; tarnish; sully; defile; pollute.

Soil

Soil, v. i. To become soiled; as, light colors soil sooner than dark ones.

Soil

Soil, n. [See Soil to make dirty, Soil a miry place.] That which soils or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain.
A lady's honor . . . will not bear a soil. Dryden.

Soiliness

Soil"i*ness (?), n. Stain; foulness. [R.] Bacon.

Soilless

Soil"less, a. Destitute of soil or mold.

Soilure

Soil"ure (?), n. [OF. soillure, F. souillure. See Soil to make dirty.] Stain; pollution. Shak.
Then fearing rust or soilure, fashioned for it A case of silk. Tennyson.

Soily

Soil"y (?), a. Dirty; soiled. [Obs.] Fuller.

Soiree

Soi`ree" (?), n. [F., fr. soir evening, fr. L. serus late, serum late time. Cf. Serenade.] An evening party; -- distinguished from levee, and matin\'82e.

Soja

So"ja (s&omac;"j&adot; ∨ s&omac;"y&adot;), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic leguminous herb (Glycine Soja) the seeds of which are used in preparing the sauce called soy.<-- also soya. The beans are called soy beans. -->

Sojourn

So"journ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sojourned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sojourning.] [OE. sojornen, sojournen, OF. sojorner, sejorner, F. s\'82journer, fr. L. sub under, about + diurnus belonging to the day. See Journal, Diurnal.] To dwell for a time; to dwell or live in a place as a temporary resident or as a stranger, not considering the place as a permanent habitation; to delay; to tarry.
Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there. Gen. xii. 30.
Home he goeth, he might not longer sojourn. Chaucer.
The soldiers first assembled at Newcastle, and there sojourned three days. Hayward.

Sojourn

So"journ, n. [Cf. OF. sujurn, sujur, sejor, F. s\'82jour. See Sojourn, v. i.] A temporary residence, as that of a traveler in a foreign land.
Though long detained In that obscure sojourn. Milton.

Sojourner

So"journ*er (?), n. One who sojourns.
We are strangers before thee, and sojourners. 1. Chron. xxix. 15.

Sojourning

So"journ*ing, n. The act or state of one who sojourns.

Sojournment

So"journ*ment (?), n. Temporary residence, as that of a stranger or a traveler. [R.]

Soke

Soke (?), n.

1. (Eng. Law) See Soc.

Page 1367

2. One of the small territorial divisions into which Lincolnshire, England, is divided.

Sokeman

Soke"man (?), n. See Socman.

Sokemanry

Soke"man*ry (?), n. See Socmanry.

Soken

Sok"en (?), n. [Cf. Socome.]

1. A toll. See Soc, n., 2. [Obs.]

Great sooken had this miller, out of doubt. Chaucer.

2. A district held by socage.

Soko

So"ko (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An African anthropoid ape, supposed to be a variety of the chimpanzee.

Sol

Sol (?), n. [L.]

1. The sun.

2. (Alchem.) Gold; -- so called from its brilliancy, color, and value. Chaucer.

Sol

Sol (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) (a) A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to the fifth tone of any diatonic scale. (b) The tone itself.

Sol

Sol (?), n. [See Sou.]

1. A sou.

2. A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit of value, and is worth about 68 cents.

Sola

So"la (?), a. [L., fem. of solus.] See Solus.

Sola

So"la, n. [Native name.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant (\'92schynomene aspera) growing in moist places in Southern India and the East Indies. Its pithlike stem is used for making hats, swimming-jackets, etc. [Written also solah, shola.]

Solace

Sol"ace (?), n. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.]

1. Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief.

In business of mirth and of solace. Chaucer.
The proper solaces of age are not music and compliments, but wisdom and devotion. Rambler.

2. Rest; relaxation; ease. [Obs.]

To make his steed some solace. Chaucer.
Syn. -- Comfort; consolation; alleviation; relief.

Solace

Sol"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solacing (?).] [OF. solacier, soulacier, F. solacier, LL. solatiare. See Solace, n.]

1. To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in affliction, solitude, or discomfort; to console; -- applied to persons; as, to solace one with the hope of future reward.

2. To allay; to assuage; to soothe; as, to solace grief. Syn. -- To comfort; assuage; allay. See Comfort.

Solace

Sol"ace, v. i. To take comfort; to be cheered. Shak.

Solacement

Sol"ace*ment (?), n. The act of solacing, or the state of being solaced; also, that which solaces. [R.]

Solacious

So*la"cious (?), a. [Cf. OF. solacieux.] Affording solace; as, a solacious voice. [Obs.] Bale.

Solanaceous

Sol`a*na"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of the natural order Solanace\'91, of which the nightshade (Solanum) is the type. The order includes also the tobacco, ground cherry, tomato, eggplant, red pepper, and many more.

Soland

So"land (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A solan goose.

Solander

So*lan"der (?), n. See Sallenders.

Solan goose

So"lan goose` (?). [Icel. s; akin to Norw. sula.] (Zo\'94l.) The common gannet.

Solania

So*la"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Solanine.

Solanicine

So*lan"i*cine (?), n. [See Solanine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on solanidine, as a tasteless yellow crystalline substance.

Solanidine

So*lan"i*dine (?), n. [See Solanine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid produced by the decomposition of solanine, as a white crystalline substance having a harsh bitter taste.

Solanine

Sol"a*nine (?), n. [L. solanum nightshade.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of common nightshade (Solanum nigrum), and of bittersweet, and from potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having an acrid, burning taste; -- called also solonia, and solanina. <-- C45H73NO15 -->

Solano

So*la"no (?), [Sp., fr. L. solanussc. ventus), from sol the sun.] A hot, oppressive wind which sometimes blows in the Mediterranean, particularly on the eastern coast of Spain.

Solanoid

Sol"a*noid (?), a. [Solanum + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling a potato; -- said of a kind of cancer.

Solanum

So*la"num (?), n. [L., nightshade.] (Bot.) A genus of plants comprehending the potato (S. tuberosum), the eggplant (S. melongena, and several hundred other species; nightshade.

Solar

So"lar (?), n. [OE. soler, AS. solere, L. solarium, from sol the sun. See Solar, a.] A loft or upper chamber; a garret room. [Obs.] [Written also soler, solere, sollar.] Oxf. Gloss.

Solar

So"lar, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As. s, Icel. s, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,. sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol. Sun.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as, the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar influence. See Solar system, below.

2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun. [Obs.]

And proud beside, as solar people are. Dryden.

3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the ecliptic; as, the solar year.

4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected by its influence.

They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar. Bacon.
Solar cycle. See under Cycle. -- Solar day. See Day, 2. -- Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine. -- Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at certain hours. -- Solar lamp, an argand lamp. -- Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially, first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or in a darkened box. <-- Illustration of solar microscope --> -- Solar month. See under Month. -- Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant. -- Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to sunlight or other intense light. -- Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating nerve fibers. -- Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun. -- Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve round it. The system comprises the major planets, with their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first four of which were found near the beginning of the century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta. The principal elements of the major planets, and of the comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are exhibited in the following tables: -- I. -- Major Planets.Symbol.Name.Mean distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in miles
II. -- Periodic Comets.Name.Greatest distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination of orbit.Perihelion passage.° &min; 54Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 -- Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of reflected sunlight. -- Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.

Solarium

So*la"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Solaria (#). [L. See Solar, n.]

1. An apartment freely exposed to the sun; anciently, an apartment or inclosure on the roof of a house; in modern times, an apartment in a hospital, used as a resort for convalescents.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of handsome marine spiral shells of the genus Solarium and allied genera. The shell is conical, and usually has a large, deep umbilicus exposing the upper whorls. Called also perspective shell.

Solarization

So`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. (Photog.) Injury of a photographic picture caused by exposing it for too long a time to the sun's light in the camera; burning; excessive insolation.

Solarize

So"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solarizing (?).] (Photog.) To injure by too long exposure to the light of the sun in the camera; to burn.<-- now overexposure -->

Solarize

So"lar*ize, v. i. (Photog.) To become injured by undue or too long exposure to the sun's rays in the camera.<-- now overexpose -->

Solary

So"la*ry (?), a. Solar. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Solas

Sol"as (?), n. Solace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Solatium

So*la"ti*um (?), n. [L. See Solace, n.] Anything which alleviates or compensates for suffering or loss; a compensation; esp., an additional allowance, as for injured feelings.

Sold

Sold (?), imp. & p. p. of Sell.

Sold

Sold, n. [F. solde. See Soldier, and cf. Sou.] Solary; military pay. [Obs.] Spenser.

Soldan

Sol"dan (?), n.[OE. soudan, F. soudan, from the Arabic. See Sultan.] A sultan. [Obs.] Milton.

Soldanel

Sol"da*nel (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Soldanella, low Alpine herbs of the Primrose family.

Soldanrie

Sol"dan*rie (?), n. The country ruled by a soldan, or sultan. [Poet.]<-- = sultanate? --> Sir W. Scott.

Solder

Sol"der (?), n. [Formerly soder; F. soudure, OF. soudeure, fr. OF. & F. souder to solder, L. solidare to fasten, to make solid. See Solid, and cf. Sawder.] A metal or metallic alloy used when melted for uniting adjacent metallic edges or surfaces; a metallic coment. Hence, anything which unites or cements. Hard solder, a solder which fuses only at a red heat, as one composed of zinc and copper, or silver and copper, etc. -- Soft solder, a solder fusible at comparatively low temperatures; as, plumbers' solder, consisting of two parts lead and one part tin, is a soft solder.

Solder

Sol"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soldered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soldering.] [Formerlysoder. See Solder, n.]

1. To unite (metallic surfaces or edges) by the intervention of a more fusible metal or metallic alloy applied when melted; to join by means of metallic cement.

2. To mend; to patch up. "To solder up a broken cause." Hooker.

Solderer

Sol"der*er (?), n. One who solders.

Soldering

Sol"der*ing, a. & n. from Solder, v. t. Soldering iron, Soldering tool, an instrument for soldering, consisting of a bit or bolt of copper having a pointed or wedge-shaped end, and furnished with a handle.

Soldier

Sol"dier (?), n. [OE. souldier, soudiour, souder, OF. soldier, soldoier, soldeier, sodoier, soudoier, soudier, fr. L. solidus a piece of money (hence applied to the pay of a soldier), fr. solidus solid. See Solid, and cf. Sold, n.]

1. One who is engaged in military service as an officer or a private; one who serves in an army; one of an organized body of combatants.

I am a soldier and unapt to weep. Shak.

2. Especially, a private in military service, as distinguished from an officer.

It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain, should have been a soldier. Spenser.

3. A brave warrior; a man of military experience and skill, or a man of distinguished valor; -- used by way of emphasis or distinction. Shak.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The red or cuckoo gurnard (Trigla pini.) [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Zo\'94l.) One of the asexual polymorphic forms of white ants, or termites, in which the head and jaws are very large and strong. The soldiers serve to defend the nest. See Termite.

Soldier beetle (Zo\'94l.), an American carabid beetle (Chauliognathus Americanus) whose larva feeds upon other insects, such as the plum curculio. -- Soldier bug (Zo\'94l.), any hemipterous insect of the genus Podisus and allied genera, as the spined soldier bug (Podius spinosus). These bugs suck the blood of other insects. -- Soldier crab (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hermit crab. (b) The fiddler crab. -- Soldier fish (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored etheostomoid fish (Etheostoma c\'d2ruleum) found in the Mississippi River; -- called also blue darter, and rainbow darter. -- Soldier fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small dipterous flies of the genus Stratyomys and allied genera. They are often bright green, with a metallic luster, and are ornamented on the sides of the back with markings of yellow, like epaulets or shoulder straps. -- Soldier moth (Zo\'94l.), a large geometrid moth (Euschema militaris), having the wings bright yellow with bluish black lines and spots. -- Soldier orchis (Bot.), a kind of orchis (Orchis militaris).

Soldier

Sol"dier, v. i.

1. To serve as a soldier.

2. To make a pretense of doing something, or of performing any task. [Colloq.U.S.] &hand; In this sense the vulgar pronounciation (s&omac;"j&etil;r) is jocosely preserved.

It needs an opera glass to discover whether the leaders are pulling, or only soldiering. C. D. Warner.

Soldieress

Sol"dier*ess, n. A female soldier. [Obs.]

Soldiering

Sol"dier*ing, n.

1. The act of serving as a soldier; the state of being a soldier; the occupation of a soldier.

2. The act of feigning to work. See the Note under Soldier, v. i., 2. [Colloq. U.S.]

Soldierlike

Sol"dier*like" (?), a. Like a soldier; soldierly.

Soldierly

Sol"dier*ly, a. Like or becoming a real soldier; brave; martial; heroic; honorable; soldierlike. "Soldierly discipline." Sir P. Sidney.

Soldiership

Sol"dier*ship, n. Military qualities or state; martial skill; behavior becoming a soldier. [R.] Shak.

Soldierwood

Sol"dier*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A showy leguminous plant (Calliandra purpurea) of the West Indies. The flowers have long tassels of purple stamens.

Soldiery

Sol"dier*y (?), n.

1. A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the military.

A camp of faithful soldiery. Milton.

2. Military service. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Soldo

Sol"do (?), n.; pl. Soldi (#). [It. See Sou.] A small Italian coin worth a sou or a cent; the twentieth part of a lira.

Sole

Sole (?), n. [F. sole, L. solea; -- so named from its flat shape. See Sole of the foot.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of flatfishes of the genus Solea and allied genera of the family Soleid\'91, especially the common European species (Solea vulgaris), which is a valuable food fish. (b) Any one of several American flounders somewhat resembling the true sole in form or quality, as the California sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata), the long-finned sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus), and other species. Lemon, ∨ French, sole (Zo\'94l.), a European species of sole (Solea pegusa). -- Smooth sole (Zo\'94l.), the megrim.
Page 1368

Sole

Sole (?), n. [AS. sole, fr. L. soolea (or rather an assumed L. sola), akin to solumround, soil, sole of the foot. Cf. Exile, Saloon, Soil earth, Sole the fish.]

1. The bottom of the foot; hence, also, rarely, the foot itself.

The dove found no rest for the sole of her foot. Gen. viii. 9.
Hast wandered through the world now long a day, Yet ceasest not thy weary soles to lead. Spenser.

2. The bottom of a shoe or boot, or the piece of leather which constitutes the bottom.

The "caliga" was a military shoe, with a very thick sole, tied above the instep. Arbuthnot.

3. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing. Specifially: (a) (Agric.) The bottom of the body of a plow; -- called also slade; also, the bottom of a furrow. (b) (Far.) The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender parts. (c) (Fort.) The bottom of an embrasure. (d) (Naut.) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel. Totten. (e) (Mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; -- applied to horizontal veins or lodes.

Sole leather, thick, strong, used for making the soles of boots and shoes, and for other purposes.

Sole

Sole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soling.] To furnish with a sole; as, to sole a shoe.

Sole

Sole, a. [L. solus, or OF. sol, F. seul (fr. L. solus; cf. L. sollus whole, entire. Cf. Desolate, Solemn, Solo, Sullen.]

1. Being or acting without another; single; individual; only. "The sole son of my queen." Shak.

He, be sure . . . first and last will reign Sole king. Milton.

2. (Law) Single; unmarried; as, a feme sole.

Corporation sole. See the Note under Corporation. Syn. -- Single; individual; only; alone; solitary.

Solecism

Sol"e*cism (?), n.[F. sol\'82cisme, L. soloecismus, Gr. soloikismo`s, fr. soloiki`zein to speak or write incorrectly, fr. so`loikos speaking incorrectly, from the corruption of the Attic dialect among the Athenian colonists of So`loi in Cilicia.]

1. An impropriety or incongruity of language in the combination of words or parts of a sentence; esp., deviation from the idiom of a language or from the rules of syntax.

A barbarism may be in one word; a solecism must be of more. Johnson.

2. Any inconsistency, unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety, as in deeds or manners.

C\'91sar, by dismissing his guards and retaining his power, committed a dangerous solecism in politics. C. Middleton.
The idea of having committed the slightest solecism in politeness was agony to him. Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Barbarism; impropriety; absurdity.

Solescist

Sol"e*scist (?), n. [Gr. One who commits a solecism. Blackwall.

Solecistic

Sol`e*cis"tic (?), a. Solecistical.

Solecistical

Sol`e*cis"tic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, a solecism; incorrect. "He thought it made the language solecistical and absurd." Blackwall.

Solecistically

Sol`e*cis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a solecistic manner.

Solecize

Sol"e*cize (?), v. i. [Gr. To commit a solecism. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Solely

Sole"ly (?), adv. Singly; alone; only; without another; as, to rest a cause solely one argument; to rely solelyn one's own strength.

Solemn

Sol"emn (?), a. [OE. solempne, OF. solempne, L. solemnis, solennis, sollemnis, sollennis; sollus all, entire + annus a year; properly, that takes place every year; -- used especially of religious solemnities. Cf. Silly, Annual.]

1. Marked with religious rites and pomps; enjoined by, or connected with, religion; sacred.

His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned. Milton.
The worship of this image was advanced, and a solemn supplication observed everry year. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Pertaining to a festival; festive; festal. [Obs.] "On this solemn day." Chaucer.

3. Stately; ceremonious; grand. [Archaic]

His feast so solemn and so rich. Chaucer.
To-night we hold a splemn supper. Shak.

4. Fitted to awaken or express serious reflections; marked by seriousness; serious; grave; devout; as, a solemn promise; solemn earnestness.

Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage With solemn touches troubled thoughts. Milton.
There reigned a solemn silence over all. Spenser.

5. Real; earnest; downright. [Obs. & R.]

Frederick, the emperor, . . . has spared no expense in strengthening this city; since which time we find no solemn taking it by the Turks. Fuller.

6. Affectedly grave or serious; as, to put on a solemn face. "A solemn coxcomb." Swift.

7. (Law) Made in form; ceremonious; as, solemn war; conforming with all legal requirements; as, probate in solemn form. Burrill. Jarman. Greenleaf.

Solemn League and Covenant. See Covenant, 2. Syn. -- Grave; formal; ritual; ceremonial; sober; serious; reverential; devotional; devout. See Grave.

Solemness

Sol"em*ness (?), n. Solemnness.
Some think he wanted solemnes. Sir H. Wotton.

Solemnity

So*lem"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Solemnities (#). [L. solemnitas, solennitas: cf. F. solennit\'82, solemnit\'82, OF. also sollempnit\'82.]

1. A rite or ceremony performed with religious reverence; religious or ritual ceremony; as, the solemnity of a funeral, a sacrament.

Great was the cause; our old solemnities From no blind zeal or fond tradition rise, But saved from death, our Argives yearly pay These grateful honors to the god of day. Pope.

2. ceremony adapted to impress with awe.

The forms and solemnities of the last judgment. Atterburry.

3. Ceremoniousness; impressiveness; seriousness; grave earnestness; formal dignity; gravity.

With much glory and great solemnity. Chaucer.
The statelines and gravity of the Spaniards shows itself in the solemnity of their language. Addison.
These promises were often made with great solemnity and confirmed with an oath. J. Edwards.

4. Hence, affected gravity or seriousness.

Solemnity 's a cover for a sot. Young.

5. Solemn state or feeling; awe or reverence; also, that which produces such a feeling; as, the solemnity of an audience; the solemnity of Westminster Abbey.

6. (Law) A solemn or formal observance; proceeding according to due form; the formality which is necessary to render a thing done valid.

Solemnizate

So*lem"ni*zate (?), v. t. To solemnize; as, to solemnizate matrimony. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

Solemnization

Sol`em*ni*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. solemnisation, solennisation.] The act of solemnizing; celebration; as, the solemnization of a marriage.

Solemnize

Sol"em*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solemnized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solemnizing (?).] [Cf. F. solemniser, sollemniser.]

1. To perform with solemn or ritual ceremonies, or according to legal forms.

Baptism to be administered in one place, and marriage solemnized in another. Hooker.

2. To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to celebrate.

Their choice nobility and flowers . . . Met from all parts to solemnize this feast. Milton.

3. To make grave, serious, and reverential.

Wordsworth was solemnizzed and elevated by this his first look on Yarrow. J. C. Shairp.
Every Israelite . . . arose, solemnized his face, looked towards Jerusalem . . . and prayed. L. Wallace.

Solemnize

Sol"em*nize, n. Solemnization. [R.]
Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize. Spenser.

Solemnizer

Sol"em*ni`zer (?), n. One who solemnizes.

Solemnly

Sol"emn*ly (?), adv. In a solemn manner; with gravity; seriously; formally.
There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise. Dryden.
I do solemnly assure the reader. Swift.

Solemnness

Sol"emn*ness, n. The state or quality of being solemn; solemnity; impressiveness; gravity; as, the solemnness of public worship. [Written also solemness.]

Solempne

So*lemp"ne (?), a. [See Solemn.] Solemn; grand; stately; splendid; magnificent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Solen

So"len (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) A cradle, as for a broken limb. See Cradle, 6.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine bivalve mollusk belonging to Solen or allied genera of the family Solenid\'91; a razor shell.

Solenacean

Sol`e*na"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l). Any species of marine bivalve shells belonging to the family Solenid\'91.

Solenaceous

Sol`e*na"ceous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the solens or family Solenid\'91.

Soleness

Sole"ness (?), n. The state of being sole, or alone; singleness. [R.] Chesterfield.

Solenette

Sole*nette" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European sole (Solea minuta).

Solenoconcha

So*le`no*con"cha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Solen, and Conch.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Scaphopoda.

Solenodon

So*le"no*don (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Either one of two species of singular West Indian insectivores, allied to the tenrec. One species (Solendon paradoxus), native of St. Domingo, is called also agouta; the other (S. Cubanus), found in Cuba, is called almique.

Solenogastra

So*le`no*gas"tra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of lowly organized Mollusca belonging to the Isopleura. A narrow groove takes the place of the foot of other gastropods.

Solenoglyph

So*le"no*glyph (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Selenoglypha. See Ophidia. -- n. One of the Selenoglypha.

Solenoglypha

So`le*nog"ly*pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of serpents including those which have tubular erectile fangs, as the viper and rattlesnake. See Fang.

Solenoid

So"len*oid (?), n.[Gr. -oid.] (Elec.) An electrodynamic spiral having the conjuctive wire turned back along its axis, so as to neutralize that component of the effect of the current which is due to the length of the spiral, and reduce the whole effect to that of a series of equal and parallel circular currents. When traversed by a current the solenoid exhibits polarity and attraction or repulsion, like a magnet. <-- 2. a switch or valve using such a solenoid circuit to drive a metal bar which opens or closes an electric circuit or a valve controlling fluid movement. -->

Solenostomi

So`le*nos"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of lophobranch fishes having a tubular snout. The female carries the eggs in a ventral pouch.

Soleplate

Sole"plate` (?), n. (Mach.) (a) A bedplate; as, the soleplate of a steam engine. (b) The plate forming the back of a waterwheel bucket.

Soler, Solere

So"ler (?), So"lere (?), n. [OE. See Solar, n.] A loft or garret. See Solar, n. Sir W. Scott.

Solert

So"lert (?), a. [L. solers, sollers, -ertis,clever, skillful.] Skillful; clever; crafty. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Solertiousness

So*ler"tious*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being solert. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

Soleship

Sole"ship (?), n. The state of being sole, or alone; soleness. [R.] Sir E. Dering.

Sol-fa

Sol`-fa" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sol-faed (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Sol-faing.] [It. solfa the gamut, from the syllables fa, sol.] To sing the notes of the gamut, ascending or descending; as, do or ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do, or the same in reverse order.
Yet can I neither solfe ne sing. Piers Plowman.

Sol-fa

Sol"-fa", n. The gamut, or musical scale. See Tonic sol-fa, under Tonic, n.

Solfanaria

Sol`fa*na"ri*a (?), n. [It., from solfo sulphur.] A sulphur mine.

Solfatara

Sol`fa*ta"ra (?), n.[It., from solfo brimstone, sulphur, L. sulfur, E. sulphur.] (Geol.) A volcanic area or vent which yields only sulphur vapors, steam, and the like. It represents the stages of the volcanic activity.

Solfeggiare

Sol`feg*gia"re (?), v. i.[It.] (Mus.) To sol-fa. See Sol-fa, v. i.

Solfeggio

Sol*feg"gio (?), n.[It., fr. solfa the gamut.] (Mus.) The system of arranging the scale by the names do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, by which singing is taught; a singing exercise upon these syllables.

Solferino

Sol`fe*ri"no (?), n. A brilliant deep pink color with a purplish tinge, one of the dyes derived from aniline; -- so called from Solferino in Italy, where a battle was fought about the time of its discovery.

Soli

So"li (?), n., pl. of Solo.

Solicit

So*lic"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solicited; p. pr. & vb. n. Soliciting.] [F. sollicier, L. sollicitare, solicitare, -atum, fr. sollicitus wholly (i. e., violently) moved; sollus whole + citus, p. p. of ciere to move, excite. See Solemn, Cite.]

1. To ask from with earnestness; to make petition to; to apply to for obtaining something; as, to solicit person for alms.

Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me? Milton.

2. To endeavor to obtain; to seek; to plead for; as, to solicit an office; to solicit a favor.

I view my crime, but kindle at the view, Repent old pleasures, and solicit new. Pope.

3. To awake or excite to action; to rouse desire in; to summon; to appeal to; to invite.

That fruit . . . solicited her longing eye. Milton.
Sounds and some tangible qualities solicit their proper senses, and force an entrance to the mind. Locke.

4. To urge the claims of; to plead; to act as solicitor for or with reference to. [Obs.]

Should My brother henceforth study to forget The vow that he hath made thee, I would ever Solicit thy deserts. Ford.

5. To disturb; to disquiet; -- a Latinism rarely used.

Hath any ill solicited thine ears? Chapman.
But anxious fears solicit my weak breast. Dryden.
Syn. To beseech; ask; request; crave; supplicate; entreat; beg; implore; importune. See Beseech.

Solicitant

So*lic"it*ant (?), n.[L. solicitans, p. pr. ] One who solicits.

Solicitate

So*lic"it*ate (?), a. Solicitous. [Obs.] Eden.

Soliitation

So*li`i*ta"tion (?), n. [F. solicitation, or L. sollicitatio.]

1. The act of soliciting; earnest request; persistent asking; importunity.

2. Excitement; invitation; as, the solicitation of the senses. Locke.

Solicitor

So*lic"it*or (?), n. [F. soliciteur, L. solicitator.]

1. One who solicits.

2. (Law) (a) An attorney or advocate; one who represents another in court; -- formerly, in English practice, the professional designation of a person admitted to practice in a court of chancery or equity. See the Note under Attorney. (b) The law officer of a city, town, department, or government; as, the city solicitor; the solicitor of the treasury.

Solicitor-general

So*lic"it*or-gen"er*al (?), n. The second law officer in the government of Great Britain; also, a similar officer under the United States government, who is associated with the attorney-general; also, the chief law officer of some of the States.

Solicitous

So*lic"it*ous (?), a.[L. sollicitus, solicitus. See Solicit, v. t.] Disposed to solicit; eager to obtain something desirable, or to avoid anything evil; concerned; anxious; careful. "Solicitous of my reputation." Dryden. "He was solicitous for his advice." Calerendon.
Enjoy the present, whatsoever it be, and be not solicitous about the future. Jer. Taylor.
The colonel had been intent upon other things, and not enough solicitous to finish the fortifications. Clarendon.
-- So*lic"it*ous*ly, adv. -- So*lic"it*ous*ness, n.

Solicitress

So*lic"it*ress (?), n. A woman who solicits.

Solicitude

So*lic"i*tude (?), n. [F. sollicitude,r L. sollicitudo.] The state of being solicitous; uneasiness of mind occasioned by fear of evil or desire good; anxiety. <-- used now mainly of concern for the well-being of others -->
The many cares and great labors of worldly men, their solicitude and outward shows. Sir W. Raleigh.
The mother looked at her with fond solicitude. G. W. Cable.
Syn. -- Carefulness; concern; anxiety. See Care.
Page 1369

Solid

Sol"id (?), a. [L. solidus, probably akin to sollus whole, entire, Gr. solide. Cf. Consolidate,Soda, Solder, Soldier, Solemn.]

1. Having the constituent parts so compact, or so firmly adhering, as to resist the impression or penetration of other bodies; having a fixed form; hard; firm; compact; -- opposed to fluid and liquid or to plastic, like clay, or to incompact, like sand.

2. Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a hollow one; not spongy; dense; hence, sometimes, heavy.

3. (Arith.) Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches. &hand; In this sense, cubics now generally used.

4. Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.

5. Applied to a compound word whose parts are closely united and form an unbroken word; -- opposed to hyphened.<-- unhyphenated, ligated? fused? -->

6. Fig.: Worthy of credit, trust, or esteem; substantial, as opposed to frivolous or fallacious; weighty; firm; strong; valid; just; genuine.

The solid purpose of a sincere and virtuous answer. Milton.
These, wanting wit, affect gravity, and go by the name of solid men. Dryden.
The genius of the Italians wrought by solid toil what the myth-making imagination of the Germans had projected in a poem. J. A. Symonds.

7. Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body. I. Watts.

8. (Bot.) Of a fleshy, uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root; not spongy or hollow within, as a stem.

9. (Metaph.) Impenetrable; resisting or excluding any other material particle or atom from any given portion of space; -- applied to the supposed ultimate particles of matter.

10. (Print.) Not having the lines separated by leads; not open.

11. United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation is solid for a candidate. [Polit. Cant. U.S.]

Solid angle. (Geom.) See under Angle. -- Solid color, an even color; one not shaded or variegated. -- Solid green. See Emerald green (a), under Green. -- Solid measure (Arith.), a measure for volumes, in which the units are each a cube of fixed linear magnitude, as a cubic foot, yard, or the like; thus, a foot, in solid measure, or a solid foot, contains 1,728 solid inches. -- Solid newel (Arch.), a newel into which the ends of winding stairs are built, in distinction from a hollow newel. See under Hollow, a. -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem which can be construed geometrically, only by the intersection of a circle and a conic section or of two conic sections. Hutton. -- Solid square (Mil.), a square body or troops in which the ranks and files are equal. Syn. -- Hard; firm; compact; strong; substantial; stable; sound; real; valid; true; just; weighty; profound; grave; important. -- Solid, Hard. These words both relate to the internal constitution of bodies; but hardnotes a more impenetrable nature or a firmer adherence of the component parts than solid. Hard is opposed to soft, and solid to fluid, liquid, open, or hollow. Wood is usually solid; but some kinds of wood are hard, and others are soft.
Repose you there; while I [return] to this hard house, More harder than the stones whereof 't is raised. Shak.
I hear his thundering voice resound, And trampling feet than shake the solid ground. Dryden.

Solid

Sol"id, n.

1. A substance that is held in a fixed form by cohesion among its particles; a substance not fluid.

2. (Geom.) A magnitude which has length, breadth, and thickness; a part of space bounded on all sides.

Solid of revolution. (Geom.) See Revolution, n., 5.

Solidago

Sol`i*da"go (?), n. [NL., fr. L. solidare to strengthen, unite; -- so called in allusion to its reputed healing qualities.] (Bot.) A genus of yellow-flowered composite perennial herbs; golden-rod.

Solidare

Sol"i*dare (?), n. [LL. solidus. Cf. Sou.] A small piece of money. [Obs.] Shak.

Solidarity

Sol`i*dar"i*ty (?), n. [F. solidarit\'82, fr. solide. See Solid.] An entire union or consolidation of interests and responsibilities; fellowship; community.
Solidarity [a word which we owe to the French Communists], signifies a fellowship in gain and loss, in honor and dishonor, in victory and defeat, a being, so to speak, all in the same boat. Trench.
The solidarity . . . of Breton and Welsh poetry. M. Arnold.

Solidary

Sol"i*da*ry (?), a. Having community of interests and responsibilities.
Men are solidary, or copartners; and not isolated. M. Arnold.

Solidate

Sol"i*date (?), v. t. [L. solidatus, p. p. of solidare. See Solder.] To make solid or firm. [Obs.] Cowley.

Solidifiable

So*lid"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being solidified.

Solidification

So*lid`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. solidification.] Act of solidifying, or state of being solidified.

Solidify

So*lid"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solidified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solidifying (?).] [Solid + -fy: cf. F. solidifier.] To make solid or compact.
Every machine is a solidified mechanical theorem. H. Spencer.

Solidify

So*lid"i*fy, v. i. To become solid; to harden.

Solidism

Sol"id*ism (?), n. (Med.) The doctrine that refers all diseases to morbid changes of the solid parts of the body. It rests on the view that the solids alone are endowed with vital properties, and can receive the impression of agents tending to produce disease.

Solidist

Sol"id*ist, n. (Med.) An advocate of, or believer in, solidism. Dunglison.

Solidity

So*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. soliditas: cf. F. solidit\'82.]

1. The state or quality of being solid; density; consistency, -- opposed to fluidity; compactness; fullness of matter, -- opposed to openness or hollowness; strength; soundness, -- opposed to weakness or instability; the primary quality or affection of matter by which its particles exclude or resist all others; hardness; massiveness.

That which hinders the approach of two bodies when they are moving one toward another, I call solidity. Locke.

2. Moral firmness; soundness; strength; validity; truth; certainty; -- as opposed to weakness or fallaciousness; as, the solidity of arguments or reasoning; the solidity of principles, triuths, or opinions.

3. (Geom.) The solid contents of a body; volume; amount of inclosed space. Syn. -- Firmness; solidness; hardness; density; compactness; strength; soundness; validity; certainty.

Solidly

Sol"id*ly (?), adv. In a solid manner; densely; compactly; firmly; truly.

Solidness

Sol"id*ness, n.

1. State or quality of being solid; firmness; compactness; solidity, as of material bodies.

2. Soundness; strength; truth; validity, as of arguments, reasons, principles, and the like.

Solidungula

Sol`id*un"gu*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. solidus solid + ungula a hoof.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of ungulates which includes the horse, ass, and related species, constituting the family Equid\'91.

Solidungular

Sol`id*un"gu*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Solipedous.

Solidungulate

Sol`id*un"gu*late (?), n. [Solid + ungulate.] (Zool.) Same as Soliped.

Solidungulous

Sol`id*un"gu*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Solipedous.

Solifidian

Sol`i*fid"i*an (?), n. [L. solus alone + fides faith.] (Eccl.) One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is sufficient for justification; -- opposed to nullifidian. Hammond.

Solifidian

Sol`i*fid"i*an, a. Holding the tenets of Solifidians; of or pertaining to the solifidians.

Solifidianism

Sol`i*fid"i*an*ism, n. The state of Solifidians.

Soliform

Sol"i*form (?), a. [L. sol sun + -form.] Like the sun in form, appearance, or nature; resembling the sun. [R.] "Soliform things." Cudworth.

Solifug\'91

So*lif"u*g\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. solifuga (better solipuga), a kind of venomous ant, or spider.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of arachnids having large, powerful fangs and a segmented abdomen; -- called also Solpugidea, and Solpugides.

Soliloquize

So*lil"o*quize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soliloquized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Soliloquizing (#).] To utter a soliloquy; to talk to one's self.

Soliloquy

So*lil"o*quy (?), n.; pl. Soliloquies (#). [L. soliloquium; solus alone + loqui to speak. See Sole ly, and Loquacious.]

1. The act of talking to one's self; a discourse made by one in solitude to one's self; monologue.

Lovers are always allowed the comfort of soliloquy. Spectator.

2. A written composition, reciting what it is supposed a person says to himself.

The whole poem is a soliloquy. Prior.

Soliped

Sol"i*ped (?), n. [Cf. F. solip\'8ade, It. solipede, Sp. solipedo; apparently fr. L. solus alone + pes, pedis, a foot; but probably fr. L. solidipes solid-footed, whole-hoofed. See Solid, and Pedal.] (Zo\'94l.) A mammal having a single hoof on each foot, as the horses and asses; a solidungulate. [Written also solipede.]
The solipeds, or firm-hoofed animals, as horses, asses, and mules, etc., -- they are, also, in mighty number. Sir T. Browne.

Solipedous

So*lip"e*dous (?), a. Having single hoofs.

Solipsism

So*lip"sism (?), n. [L. solus alone + ipse self.]

1. (Ethics) Egotism. Krauth-Fleming.

2. (Metaph.) Egoism. Krauth-Fleming.

Solisequious

Sol`i*se"qui*ous (?), a. [L. sol sun + sequi to follow.] Following the course of the sun; as, solisequious plants. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Solitaire

Sol`i*taire" (?), n. [F. See Solitary.]

1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit. Pope.

2. A single diamond in a setting; also, sometimes, a precious stone of any kind set alone.

Diamond solitaires blazing on his breast and wrists. Mrs. R. H. Davis.

3. A game which one person can play alone; -- applied to many games of cards, etc.; also, to a game played on a board with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of the pieces by "jumping," as in draughts.

4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large extinct bird (Pezophaps solitaria) which formerly inhabited the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigeuz. It was larger and taller than the wild turkey. Its wings were too small for flight. Called also solitary. (b) Any species of American thrushlike birds of the genus Myadestes. They are noted their sweet songs and retiring habits. Called also fly-catching thrush. A West Indian species (Myadestes sibilans) is called the invisible bird.

Solitarian

Sol`i*ta"ri*an (?), n. [See Solitary.] A hermit; a solitary. [Obs.] Sir R. Twisden.

Soliitariety

Sol`ii*ta*ri"e*ty (?), n. The state of being solitary; solitariness. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Solitarily

Sol"i*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a solitary manner; in solitude; alone. Mic. vii. 14.

Solitariness

Sol"i*ta*ri*ness, n. Condition of being solitary.

Solitary

Sol"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. solitarius, fr. solus alone: cf. F. solitaire. See Sole, a., and cf. Solitaire.]

1. Living or being by one's self; having no companion present; being without associates; single; alone; lonely.

Those rare and solitary, these in flocks. Milton.
Hie home unto my chamber, Where thou shalt find me, sad and solitary. Shak.

2. Performed, passed, or endured alone; as, a solitary journey; a solitary life.

Satan . . . explores his solitary flight. Milton.

3. ot much visited or frequented remote from society; retired; lonely; as, a solitary residence or place.

4. Not inhabited or occupied; without signs of inhabitants or occupation; desolate; deserted; silent; still; hence, gloomy; dismal; as, the solitary desert.

How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people. Lam. i. 1.
Let that night be solitary; let no joyful voice come therein. Job iii. 7.

5. Single; individual; sole; as, a solitary instance of vengeance; a solitary example.

6. (Bot.) Not associated with others of the same kind.

Solitary ant (Zo\'94l.), any solitary hymenopterous insect of the family Mutillid\'91. The female of these insects is destitute of wings and has a powerful sting. The male is winged and resembles a wasp. Called also spider ant. -- Solitary bee (Zo\'94l.), any species of bee which does not form communities. -- Solitary sandpiper (Zo\'94l.), an American tattler (Totanus solitarius). -- Solitary snipe (Zo\'94l.), the great snipe. [Prov. Eng.] -- Solitary thrush (Zo\'94l.) the starling. [Prov. Eng.]

Solitary

Sol"i*ta*ry (?), n. One who lives alone, or in solitude; an anchoret; a hermit; a recluse.

Solitude

Sol"i*tude (?), n. [F., from L. solitudo, solus alone. See Sole, a.]

1. state of being alone, or withdrawn from society; a lonely life; loneliness.

Whosoever is delighted with solitude is either a wild beast or a god. Bacon.
O Solitude! where are the charms That sages have seen in thy face? Cowper.

2. Remoteness from society; destitution of company; seclusion; -- said of places; as, the solitude of a wood.

The solitude of his little parish is become matter of great comfort to him. Law.

3. solitary or lonely place; a desert or wilderness.

In these deep solitudes and awful cells Where heavenly pensive contemplation dwells. Pope.
Syn. Loneliness; soitariness; loneness; retiredness; recluseness. -- Solitude, Retirement, Seclusion, Loneliness. Retirement is a withdrawal from general society, implying that a person has been engaged in its scenes. Solitude describes the fact that a person is alone; seclusion, that he is shut out from others, usually by his own choice; loneliness, that he feels the pain and oppression of being alone. Hence, retirement is opposed to a gay, active, or public life; solitude, to society; seclusion, to freedom of access on the part of others; and loneliness, enjoyment of that society which the heart demands.
O blest retirement, friend to life's decline. Goldsmith.
Such only can enjoy the country who are capable of thinking when they are there; then they are prepared for solitude; and in that [the country] solitude is prepared for them. Dryden.
It is a place of seclusion from the external world. Bp. Horsley.
These evils . . . seem likely to reduce it [a city] ere long to the loneliness and the insignificance of a village. Eustace.

Solivagant

So*liv"a*gant (?), a. [L. solus alone + vagans wandering.] Wandering alone. [R.] T. Grander.

Solivagous

So*liv"a*gous (?), a. [L. solivagus.] Solivagant.

Sollar

Sol"lar (?), n.

1. See Solar, n. [Obs.]

2. (Mining) A platform in a shaft, especially one of those between the series of ladders in a shaft.

Sollar

Sol"lar, v. t. To cover, or provide with, a sollar.

Sollein

Sol"lein (?), a. Sullen; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

Solleret

Sol*ler*et" (?), n. [F. soleretim. fr. OF. soler shoe.] A flexible steel shoe (or one of the plates forming such a shoe), worn with medi\'91val armor.

Solmization

Sol`mi*za"tion (?), n. [F. solmisation, fr. solmiser to sol-fa; -- called from the musical notes sol, mi. See Sol-fa.] (Mus.) The act of sol-faing. [Written also solmisation.] &hand; This art was practiced by the Greeks; but six of the seven syllables now in use are generally attributed to Guido d' Arezzo, an Italian monk of the eleventh century, who is said to have taken them from the first syllables of the first six lines of the following stanza of a monkish hymn to St. John the Baptist. --
Ut queant laxis Resonare fibris Mira gestorum Famuli tuorum Solve polluti Labii reatum, Sancte Joannes. Professor Skeat says the name of the seventh note, si, was also formed by him [Guido] from the initials of the two words of the last line; but this is disputed, Littr\'82 attributing the first use of it to Anselm of Flanders long afterwards. The syllable do is often substituted for ut.

Solo

So"lo (?), n.; pl. E. Solos (#), It. Soli (#). [It., from L. solus alone. See Sole, a.] (Mus.) A tune, air, strain, or a whole piece, played by a single person on an instrument, or sung by a single voice.

Soloist

So"lo*ist, n. (Mus.) One who sings or plays a solo.

Solomon

Sol"o*mon (?), n. One of the kings of Israel, noted for his superior wisdom and magnificent reign; hence, a very wise man. -- Sol`o*mon"ic (#), a.
Solomon's seal (Bot.), a perennial liliaceous plant of the genus Polygonatum, having simple erect or curving stems rising from thick and knotted rootstocks, and with white or greenish nodding flowers. The commonest European species is Polygonatum multiflorum. P. biflorum and P. giganteum are common in the Eastern United States. See Illust. of Rootstock. False Solomon's seal (Bot.), any plant of the liliaceous genus Smilacina having small whitish flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.

Solon

So"lon (?), n. A celebrated Athenian lawmaker, born about 638 b. c.; hence, a legislator; a publicist; -- often used ironically.

Solpugid

Sol*pu"gid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Solifug\'91. -- n. One of the Solifug\'91.

Solpugidea

Sol`pu*gid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Solifug\'91.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Solifug\'91.

Solstice

Sol"stice (?), n.[L. solstitium; sol the sun + sistere to cause to stand, akin to stare to stand: cf. F. solstice. See Solar, a., Stand, v. i.]

1. A stopping or standing still of the sun. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Astron.) (a) The point in the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest from the equator, north or south, namely, the first point of the sign Cancer and the first point of the sign Capricorn, the former being the summer solstice, latter the winter solstice, in northern latitudes; -- so called because the sun then apparently stands still in its northward or southward motion. (b) The time of the sun's passing the solstices, or solstitial points, namely, about June 21 and December 21. See Illust. in Appendix.

Page 1370

Solstitial

Sol*sti"tial (?), a. [L. solstitialis: cf. F. solsticial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a solstice.

2. Happening at a solstice; esp. (with reference to the northern hemisphere), happening at the summer solstice, or midsummer. "Solstitial summer's heat." Milton.

Solubility

Sol`u*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. solubilit\'82.]

1. The quality, condition, or degree of being soluble or solvable; as, the solubility of a salt; the solubility of a problem or intricate difficulty.

2. (Bot.) The tendency to separate readily into parts by spurious articulations, as the pods of tick trefoil.

Soluble

Sol"u*ble (?), a. [L. solubilis, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, to dissolve: cf. F. soluble. See Solve, and cf. Solvable.]

1. Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of solution; as, some substances are soluble in alcohol which are not soluble in water.

Sugar is . . . soluble in water and fusible in fire. Arbuthnot.

2. Susceptible of being solved; as, a soluble algebraic problem; susceptible of being disentangled, unraveled, or explained; as, the mystery is perhaps soluble. "More soluble is this knot." Tennyson.

3. Relaxed; open or readily opened. [R.] "The bowels must be kept soluble." Dunglison.

Soluble glass. (Chem.) See under Glass.

Solubleness

Sol"u*ble*ness, n. Quality or state of being soluble.

Solus, masc. a., Sola

So"lus (?), masc. a., So"la (?), fem. a. [L.] Alone; -- chiefly used in stage directions, and the like.

Solute

So*lute" (?), a. [L. solutus, p.p. of solvere to loosen. See Solve.]

1. Loose; free; liberal; as, a solute interpretation. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Relaxed; hence; merry; cheerful. [R.]

A brow solute, and ever-laughing eye. Young.

3. Soluble; as, a solute salt. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.) Not adhering; loose; -- opposed to adnate; as, a solute stipule.

Solute

So*lute", v. t.

1. To dissolve; to resolve. [Obs.]

2. To absolve; as, to solute sin. [Obs.] Bale.

Solution

So*lu"tion (?), n. [OE. solucion, OF. solucion, F. solution, fr. L. solutio, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, dissolve. See Solve.]

1. The act of separating the parts of any body, or the condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption; breach.

In all bodies there is an appetite of union and evitation of solution of continuity. Bacon.

2. The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation or problem, or the result of the process.

3. The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution; disintegration.

It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise to assail the nations in their hour of faintness and solution, than at a time when magnificent and seductive systems of worship were at their height of energy and splendor. I. Taylor.

4. (Chem.Phys.) The act or process by which a body (whether solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and, remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused throughout the solvent; also, the product reulting from such absorption. &hand; When a solvent will not take in any more of a substance the solution is said to be saturated. Solution is two kinds; viz.: (a) Mechanical solution, in which no marked chemical change takes place, and in which, in the case of solids, teh dissolved body can be regained by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in water. (b) Chemical solution, in which there is involved a decided chemical change, as when limestone or zinc undergoes solution in hydrochloric acid. Mechanical solution is regarded as a form of molecular or atomic attraction, and is probably occasioned by the formation of certain very weak and unstable compounds which are easily dissociated and pass into new and similar compounds. &hand; This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for fusion, or the melting of bodies by the heat of fire.

5. release; deliverance; disharge. [Obs.] Barrow.

6. (Med.) (a) The termination of a disease; resolution. (b) A crisis. (c) A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble. U. S. Disp.

Fehling's solution (Chem.), a standardized solution of cupric hydrate in sodium potassium tartrate, used as a means of determining the reducing power of certain sugars and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide thrown down. -- Heavy solution (Min.), a liquid of high density, as a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide (called the Sonstadt or Thoulet solution) having a maximum specific gravity of 3.2, or of borotungstate of cadium (Klein solution, specific gravity 3.6), and the like. Such solutions are much used in determining the specific gravities of minerals, and in separating them when mechanically mixed as in a pulverized rock. -- Nessler's solution. See Nesslerize. -- Solution of continuity, the separation of connection, or of connected substances or parts; -- applied, in surgery, to a facture, laceration, or the like. "As in the natural body a wound, or solution of continuity, is worse than a corrupt humor, so in the spiritual." Bacon. -- Standardized solution (Chem.), a solution which is used as a reagent, and is of a known and standard strength; specifically, a normal solution, containing in each cubic centimeter as many milligrams of the element in question as the number representing its atomic weight; thus, a normal solution of silver nitrate would contain 107.7 mgr. of silver nitrate in each cubic centimeter.

Solutive

Sol"u*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. solutif.] Tending to dissolve; loosening; laxative. Bacon.

Solvability

Solv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [F. solvabilit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being solvable; as, the solvability of a difficulty; the solvability of a problem.

2. The condition of being solvent; ability to pay all just debts; solvency; as, the solvability of a merchant.

Solvable

Solv"a*ble (?), a. [F. solvable. See Solve, and cf. Soluble, Solvible.]

1. Susceptible of being solved, resolved, or explained; admitting of solution.

2. Capable of being paid and discharged; as, solvable obligations. Tooke.

3. Able to pay one's debts; solvent. [Obs.] Fuller.

Solvableness

Solv"a*ble*ness (?), n. Quality of being solvable.

Solve

Solve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solving.] [L. solvere, solutum; from a prefix so- expressing separation (cf. Sober) + luere to loosen; cf. OF. soldre, soudre. See Loose, and cf. Absolve.] To explain; to resolve; to unfold; to clear up out to a result or conclusion; as, to solve a doubt; to solve difficulties; to solve a problem.
True piety would effectually solve such scruples. South.
God shall solve the dark decrees of fate. Tickell.
Syn. -- To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.

Solve

Solve, n. A solution; an explanation. [Obs.] Shak.

Solvency

Sol"ven*cy (?), n. [See Solvent.] The quality or state of being solvent.

Solvend

Sol"vend (?), n. [L. solvendus to be loosened or dissolved, fr. solvere. See Solution.] A substance to be dissolved. [R.]

Solvent

Sol"vent (?), a. [L. solvens, p.pr. of solvere. See Solvable.]

1. Having the power of dissolving; dissolving; as, a solvent fluid. "the solvent body." Boyle.

2. Able or sufficient to pay all just debts; as, a solvent merchant; the estate is solvent.

Solvent

Sol"vent, n. (Chem.) A substance (usually liquid) suitable for, or employed in, solution, or in dissolving something; as, water is the appropriate solvent of most salts, alcohol of resins, ether of fats, and mercury or acids of metal, etc.

2. That which resolves; as, a solvent of mystery.

Solver

Sol"ver (?), n. One who, or that which, solves.

Solvible

Solv"i*ble (?), a. See Solvable.

Soly

Sol"y (?), adv. Solely. [Obs.] Spenser.

Soma

So"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail. B. G. Wilder.

Somaj, Samaj

So"maj" (?), Sa*maj" (?), n. A society; a congregation; a worshiping assembly, or church, esp. of the Brahmo-somaj. [India]

Somali, Somal

So*ma"li (?), So*mal" (?), n. (Ethnol.) A Hamitic people of East Central Africa.

Somatic

So*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the body as a whole; corporeal; as, somatic death; somatic changes.

2. Of or pertaining to the wall of the body; somatopleuric; parietal; as, the somatic stalk of the yolk sac of an embryo.

Somatic death. See the Note under Death, n., 1.

Somatical

So*mat"ic*al (?), a. Somatic.

Somatics

So*mat"ics (?), n. The science which treats of the general properties of matter; somatology.

Somatist

So"ma*tist (?), n. One who admits the existence of material beings only; a materialist. Glanvill.

Somatocyst

So"ma*to*cyst (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A cavity in the primary nectocalyx of certain Siphonophora. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

Somatology

So`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.]

1. The dictrine or the science of the general properties of material substances; somatics.

2. A treatise on the human body; anatomy. Dunglison.

Somatome

So"ma*tome (?), n. [Gr. (Anat. & (Zo\'94l.) See Somite.

Somatopleure

So"ma*to*pleure (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The outer, or parietal, one of the two lamell\'91 into which the vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the notochord, and from which the walls of the body and the amnion are developed. See Splanchopleure.

Somatopleuric

So`ma*to*pleu"ric (?), a. (Anat.) of or pertaining to the somatopleure.

Somatotropism

So`ma*tot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A directive influence exercised by a mass of matter upon growing organs. Encyc. Brit.

Somber, Sombre

Som"ber, Som"bre (?; 277), a. [F. sombre; cf. Sp. sombra, shade, prob. from LL. subumbrare to put in the shade; L. sub under + umbra shade. See Umbrage.]

1. Dull; dusky; somewhat dark; gloomy; as, a somber forest; a somber house.

2. Melancholy; sad; grave; depressing; as, a somber person; somber reflections.

The dinner was silent and somber; happily it was also short. Beaconsfield.

Somber, Sombre

Som"ber, Som"bre, v. t. To make somber, or dark; to make shady. [R.]

Somber, Sombre

Som"ber, Som"bre, n. Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness. [Obs.]

Somberly, Sombrely

Som"ber*ly, Som"bre*ly, adv. In a somber manner; sombrously; gloomily; despondingly.

Somberness, Sombreness

Som"ber*ness, Som"bre*ness, n. The quality or state of being somber; gloominess.

Sombrero

Som*bre"ro (?), n. [Sp., from sombra shade. See Sombre.] A kind of broad-brimmed hat, worn in Spain and in Spanish America. Marryat.

Sombrous

Som"brous (?), a. [Cf. Sp. sombroso.] Gloomy; somber. "Tall and sombrous pines." Longfellow. -- Som"brous*ly, adv. -- Som"brous*ness, n.

-some

-some (-s&omac;m). A combining form or suffix from Gr. sw^ma (gen. sw`matos) the body; as in merosome, a body segment; cephalosome, etc.

-some

-some (-s&ucr;m). [AS. -sum; akin to G. & OHG. -sam, Icel. samr, Goth. lustusams longed for. See Same, a., and cf. Some, a.] An adjective suffix having primarily the sense of like or same, and indicating a considerable degree of the thing or quality denoted in the first part of the compound; as in mettlesome, full of mettle or spirit; gladsome, full of gladness; winsome, blithesome, etc.

Some

Some (?), a. [OE. som, sum, AS. sum; akin to OS., OFries., & OHG. sum, OD. som, D. sommig, Icel. sumr, Dan. somme (pl.), Sw. somlige (pl.), Goth. sums, and E. same. &root;191. See Same, a., and cf. -some.]

1. Consisting of a greater or less portion or sum; composed of a quantity or number which is not stated; -- used to express an indefinite quantity or number; as, some wine; some water; some persons. Used also pronominally; as, I have some.

Some theoretical writers allege that there was a time when there was no such thing as society. Blackstone.

2. A certain; one; -- indicating a person, thing, event, etc., as not known individually, or designated more specifically; as, some man, that is, some one man. "Some brighter clime." Mrs. Barbauld.

Some man praiseth his neighbor by a wicked intent. Chaucer.
Most gentlemen of property, at some period or other of their lives, are ambitious of representing their county in Parliament. Blackstone.

3. Not much; a little; moderate; as, the censure was to some extent just.

4. About; near; more or less; -- used commonly with numerals, but formerly also with a singular substantive of time or distance; as, a village of some eighty houses; some two or three persons; some hour hence.<-- approximately. --> Shak.

The number slain on the rebel's part were some two thousand. Bacon.

5. Considerable in number or quality. "Bore us some leagues to sea." Shak.

On its outer point, some miles away. The lighthouse lifts its massive masonry. Longfellow.

6. Certain; those of one part or portion; -- in distinct from other or others; as, some men believe one thing, and others another.

Some [seeds] fell among thorns; . . . but other fell into good ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8.

7. A part; a portion; -- used pronominally, and followed sometimes by of; as, some of our provisions.

Your edicts some reclaim from sins, But most your life and blest example wins. Dryden.
All and some, one and all. See under All, adv. [Obs.] &hand; The illiterate in the United States and Scotland often use some as an adverb, instead of somewhat, or an equivalent expression; as, I am some tired; he is some better; it rains some, etc. Some . . . some, one part . . . another part; these . . . those; -- used distributively.
Some to the shores do fly, Some to the woods, or whither fear advised. Daniel.
&hand; Formerly used also of single persons or things: this one . . . that one; one . . . another.
Some in his bed, some in the deep sea. Chaucer.

Somebody

Some"bod*y (?), n.

1. A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate; some person.

Jesus said, Somebody hath touched me. Luke viii. 46.
We must draw in somebody that may stand "Twixt us and danger." Denham.

2. A person of consideration or importance.

Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody. Acts v. 36.

Somedeal

Some"deal` (?), adv. In some degree; somewhat. [Written also sumdel, sumdeale, and sumdele.] [Obs.] "She was somedeal deaf." Chaucer.
Thou lackest somedeal their delight. Spenser.

Somehow

Some"how` (?), adv. In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.
By their action upon one another they may be swelled somehow, so as to shorten the length. Cheyne.
&hand; The indefiniteness of somehow is emphasized by the addition of or other.
Although youngest of the familly, he has somehow or other got the entire management of all the others. Sir W. Scott.

Somersault, Somerset

Som"er*sault (?), Som"er*set (?), n. [F. soubresaut a jump, leap, OF. soubresault, It. soprassalto an overleap, fr. L. supra over + saltus a leap, fr. salire to leap; or the French may be from Sp. sobresalto a sudden asault, a surprise. See Supra, and Salient.] A leap in which a person turns his heels over his head and lights upon his feet; a turning end over end. [Written also summersault, sommerset, summerset, etc.] "The vaulter's sombersalts." Donne.
Now I'll only Make him break his neck in doing a sommerset. Beau. & Fl.

Something

Some"thing (?), n.

1. Anything unknown, undetermined, or not specifically designated; a certain indefinite thing; an indeterminate or unknown event; an unspecified task, work, or thing.

There is something in the wind. Shak.
The whole world has something to do, something to talk of, something to wish for, and something to be employed about. Pope.
Something attemped, something done, Has earned a night's repose. Longfellow.

2. A part; a portion, more or less; an indefinite quantity or degree; a little.

Something yet of doubt remains. Milton.
Something of it arises from our infant state. I. Watts.

3. A person or thing importance.

If a man thinketh himself to be something, when he is nothing, he deceiveth himself. Gal. vi. 3.

Something

Some"thing, adv. In some degree; somewhat; to some exrent; at some distance. Shak.
I something fear my father's wrath. Shak.
We have something fairer play than a reasoner could have expected formerly. Burke.
My sense of touch is something coarse. Tennyson.
It must be done to-night, And something from the palace. Shak.

Sometime

Some"time` (?), adv.

1. At a past time indefinitely referred to; once; formerly.

Did they not sometime cry "All hail" to me? Shak.

2. At a time undefined; once in a while; now and then; sometimes.

Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish, A vapor sometime like a bear or lion. Shak.

3. At one time or other hereafter; as, I will do it sometime. "Sometime he reckon shall." Chaucer.

Page 1371

Sometime

Some"time` (?), a. Having been formerly; former; late; whilom.
Our sometime sister, now our queen. Shak.
Ion, our sometime darling, whom we prized. Talfourd.

Sometimes

Some"times` (?), adv. [Sometime + adverbial ending -s, as in -wards.]

1. Formerly; sometime. [Obs.]

That fair and warlike form In which the majesty of buried Denmark Did sometimes march. Shak.

2. At times; at intervals; now and then;occasionally.

It is good that we sometimes be contradicted. Jer. Taylor.
Sometimes . . . sometimes, at certain times . . . at certain other times; as, sometimes he is earnest, sometimes he is frivolous.

Sometimes

Some"times`, a. Former; sometime. [Obs.]
Thy sometimes brother's wife. Shak.

Somewhat

Some"what` (?), n.

1. More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more or less; something.

These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste. Grew.
Somewhat of his good sense will suffer, in this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost. Dryden.

2. A person or thing of importance; a somebody.

Here come those that worship me. They think that I am somewhat. Tennyson.

Somewhat

Some"what`, adv. In some degree or measure; a little.
His giantship is gone, somewhat crestfallen. Milton.
Somewhat back from the village street. Longfellow.

Somewhen

Some"when`, adv. At some indefinite time. [R.]

Somewhere

Some"where` (?), adv. In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or another. "Somewhere nigh at hand." Milton.

Somewhile

Some"while` (?), adv. Once; for a time.
Though, under color of shepherds, somewhile There crept in wolves, full of fraund and guile. Spenser.

Somewhither

Some"whith`er (?), adv. To some indeterminate place; to some place or other.
Driven by the winds of temptation somewhither. Barrow.

Somite

So"mite (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.& Zo\'94l.) One of the actual or ideal serial segments of which an animal, esp. an articulate or vertebrate, is is composed; somatome; metamere. -- So*mit`ic (#), a.

Sommeil

Som`meil" (?), n. [F.] Slumber; sleep.

Sommerset

Som"mer*set (?), n. See Somersault.

Somnambular

Som*nam"bu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to somnambulism; somnambulistic. Mrs. Browning.

Somnambulate

Som*nam"bu*late (?), v. i. & t. To walk when

Somnambulation

Som*nam`bu*la"tion (?), n. [L. somnus sleep + ambulatio a walking about, from ambulare to walk. See Somnolent, Amble.] The act of walking in sleep.

Somnambulator

Som*nam"bu*la`tor (?), n. A somnambulist.

Somnambule

Som*nam"bule (?), n. [F.] A somnambulist.

Somnambulic

Som*nam"bu*lic (?), a. Somnambulistic.

Somnambulism

Som*nam"bu*lism (?), n. [Cf. F. somnambulisme. See Somnambulation.] A condition of the nervous system in which an individual during sleep performs actions approppriate to the waking state; a state of sleep in which some of the senses and voluntary powers are partially awake; noctambulism.

Somnambulist

Som*nam"bu*list (?), n. A person who is subject to somnambulism; one who walks in his sleep; a sleepwalker; a noctambulist.

Somnambulistic

Som*nam`bu*lis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a somnambulist or somnambulism; affected by somnambulism; appropriate to the state of a somnambulist.
Whether this was an intentional and waking departure, or a somnambulistic leave-taking and waking in her sleep, may remain a subject of contention. Dickens.

Somne

Som"ne (?), v. t. To summon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Somner

Som"ner (?), n. A summoner; esp., one who summons to an ecclesiastical court. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Somnial

Som"ni*al (?), a. [L. spmnialis dream bringing, fr. somnium dream, fr. somnus sleep.] Of or pertaining to sleep or dreams.
The somnial magic superinducted on, without suspending, the active powers of the mind. Coleridge.

Somniative

Som"ni*a*tive (?), a. Somnial; somniatory. [R.]

Somniatory

Som"ni*a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to sleep or dreams; somnial. [Obs. or R.] Urquhart.

Somniculous

Som*nic"u*lous (?), a. [L. somniculosus.] Inclined to sleep; drowsy; sleepy. [Obs.]

Somniferous

Som*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. somnifer; somnus sleep + ferre to bring.] Causing or inducing sleep; soporific; dormitive; as, a somniferous potion. Walton.

Somnific

Som*nif"ic (?), a. [L. somnificus; somnus sleep + facere to make.] Causing sleep; somniferous.

Somnifugous

Som*nif"u*gous (?), a. [L. somnus sleep + fugare to put to flight.] Driving away sleep. [Obs.]

Somniloquence

Som*nil"o*quence (?), n. The act of talking in one's sleep; somniloquism.

Somniloquism

Som*nil"o*quism (?), n. The act or habit of talking in one's sleep; somniloquy. Coleridge.

Somniloquist

Som*nil"o*quist, n. One who talks in his sleep.

Somniloquous

Som*nil"o*quous (?), a. [L. somnus sleep + loqui to speak.] Apt to talk in sleep.

Somniloquy

Som*nil"o*quy (?), n. A talking in sleep; the talking of one in a state of somnipathy. [R.] Coleridge.

Somnipathist

Som*nip"a*thist (?), n. A person in a state of somniapathy.

Somnipathy

Som*nip"a*thy (?), n. [L. somnus sleep + Gr. Sleep from sympathy, or produced by mesmerism or the like. [Written also somnopathy.]

Somnolence, Somnolency

Som"no*lence (?), Som"no*len*cy (?), n. [L. somnolentia: cf. F. somnolence.] Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

Somnolent

Som"no*lent (?), a. [F. somnolent, L. somnolentus, from somnus sleep, akin to Gr. svapna sleep, dream, svap to sleep, Icel. sofa, AS. swefn sleep. Cf. Hypnotic, Somnambulism, Soporific.] Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep. -- Som"no*lent*ly, adv.
He had no eye for such phenomens, because he had a somnolent want of interest in them. De Quincey.

Somnolism

Som"no*lism (?), n. The somnolent state induced by animal magnetism. Thomas (Med. Dict.).

Somnopathy

Som*nop"a*thy (?), n. Somnipathy.

Somnour

Som"nour (?), n. A summoner; an apparitor; a sompnour. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Somonaunce, Somonce

Som"on*aunce (?), Som"once (?), n. [See Summon, Summons.] A summons; a citation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sommonour

Som"mon*our (?), n. A summoner. [Obs.]

Sompne

Somp"ne (? ∨ ?), v. t. To summon; to cite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sompnour

Somp"nour (?), n. A summoner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Son

Son (?), n. [OE. sone, sune, AS. sunu; akin to D. zoon, OS., OFries., & OHG. sunu, G. sohn, Icel. sonr, Sw. son, Dan. s\'94n, Goth. sunus, Lith. sunus, Russ. suin', Skr. s\'d4nu (from s\'d4 to beget, to bear), and Gr. Sow, n.]

1. A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent, father or mother.

Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son. Gen. xxi. 2.

2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, in the plural, descendants in general.

I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings. Isa. xix. 11.
I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Mal. iii. 6.

3. Any young male person spoken of as a child; an adopted male child; a pupil, ward, or any other male dependent.

The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. Ex. ii. 10.
Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. Shak.

4. A native or inhabitant of some specified place; as, sons of Albion; sons of New England.

5. The produce of anything.

Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine. Blackmore.

6. (Commonly with the def. article) Jesus Christ, the Savior; -- called the Son of God, and the Son of man.

We . . . do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the world. 1 John iv. 14.
Who gave His Son sure all has given. Keble.
&hand; The expressions son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial, are Hebraisms, which denote persons possessing the qualitites of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors. Sons of the prophets. See School of the prophets, under Prophet.

Sonance

So"nance (?), n.

1. A sound; a tune; as, to sound the tucket sonance. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The quality or state of being sonant.

Sonant

So"nant (?), a. [L. sonans, -antis, p.pr. of sonare to sound. See Sound a noise.]

1. Of or pertaining to sound; sounding.

2. (Phonetics) Uttered, as an element of speech, with tone or proper vocal sound, as distinguished from mere breath sound; intonated; voiced; tonic; the opposite of nonvocal, or surd; -- sid of the vowels, semivowels, liquids, and nasals, and particularly of the consonants b, d, g hard, v, etc., as compared with their cognates p, t, k, f, etc., which are called nonvocal, surd, or aspirate. -- n. A sonant letter.

Sonata

So*na"ta (?), n. [It., fr. It. & L. sonare to sound. See Sound a noise.] (Mus.) An extended composition for one or two instruments, consisting usually of three or four movements; as, Beethoven's sonatas for the piano, for the violin and piano, etc. &hand; The same general structure prevails in symphonies, instrumental trios, quartets, etc., and even in classical concertos. The sonata form, distinctively, characterizes the quick opening movement, which may have a short, slow introduction; the second, or slow, movement is either in the song or variation form; third comes the playful minuet of the more modern scherzo; then the quick finale in the rondo form. But both form and order are sometimes exceptional.

Sonatina

So`na*ti"na (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A short and simple sonata.

Soncy, Sonsy

Son"cy, Son"sy (?), a. [Scot. sonce, sons, prosperity, happiness, fr. Gael. & Ir. sonas.] Lucky; fortunate; thriving; plump. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Sond, Sonde

Sond (?), Sonde, n. [AS. sand. See Send, v. t.] That which is sent; a message or messenger; hence, also, a visitation of providence; an affliction or trial. [Obs.]
Ye have enough, parde, of Goddes sond. Chaucer.

Sondeli

Son"de*li (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The musk shrew. See under Musk.

Song

Song (?; 115), n. [AS. song, sang, fr. singan to sing; akin to D. zang, G. sang, Icel. s\'94ngr, Goeth. sagws. See Sing.]

1. That which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of a human being or of a bird, insect, etc. "That most ethereal of all sounds, the song of crickets." Hawthorne.

2. A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a ballad.

3. More generally, any poetical strain; a poem.

The bard that first adorned our native tongue Tuned to his British lyre this ancient song. Dryden.

4. Poetical composition; poetry; verse.

This subject for heroic song. Milton.

5. An object of derision; a laughingstock.

And now am I their song. yea, I am their byword. Job xxx. 9.

6. A trifle. "The soldier's pay is a song." Silliman.

Old song, a trifle; nothing of value. "I do not intend to be thus put off with an old song." Dr. H. More. -- Song bird (Zo\'94l.), any singing bird; one of the Oscines. -- Song sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a very common North American sparrow (Melospiza fasciata, or M. melodia) noted for the sweetness of its song in early spring. Its breast is covered with dusky brown streaks which form a blotch in the center. -- Song thrush (Zo\'94l.), a common European thrush (Turdus musicus), noted for its melodius song; -- called also mavis, throsite, and thrasher. Syn. -- Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty; hymn; descant; lay; strain; poesy; verse.

Songcraft

Song"craft` (?), n. The art of making songs or verse; metrical composition; versification.
A half-effected inscription. Written with little skill of songcraft. Longfellow.

Songful

Song"ful (?), a. Disposed to sing; full of song.

Songish

Song"ish, a. Consisting of songs. [R.] Dryden.

Songless

Song"less, a. Destitute of the power of song; without song; as, songless birds; songless woods.

Songster

Song"ster (?), n. [AS. sangestre a female singer.]

1. One who sings; one skilled in singing; -- not often applied to human beings.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A singing bird.

Songstress

Song"stress (?), n. [See Songster, and -ess.] A woman who sings; a female singing bird. Thomson.

Sonifer

Son"i*fer (?), n. [NL. See Soniferous.] A kind of ear trumpet for the deaf, or the partially deaf.

Soniferous

So*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. sonus sound + -ferous.] Sounding; producing sound; conveying sound.

Sonification

Son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. sonus sound + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of producing sound, as the stridulation of insects.

Son-in-law

Son"-in-law` (?), n.; pl. Sons-in-law (. The husband of one's daughter; a man in his relationship to his wife's parents.
To take me as for thy son in lawe. Chaucer.

Sonless

Son"less, a. Being without a son. Marston.
As no baron who was sonless could give a husband to his daughter, save with his lord's consent. J. R. Green.

Sonnet

Son"net (?), n. [F., fr. It. sonetto, fr. suono a sound, a song, fr. L. sonus a sound. See Sound noise.]

1. A short poem, -- usually amatory. [Obs.] Shak.

He had a wonderful desire to chant a sonnet or hymn unto Apollo Pythius. Holland.

2. A poem of fourteen lines, -- two stanzas, called the octave, being of four verses each, and two stanzas, called the sestet, of three verses each, the rhymes being adjusted by a particular rule. &hand; In the proper sonnet each line has five accents, and the octave has but two rhymes, the second, third, sixth, and seventh lines being of one thyme, and the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth being of another. In the sestet there are sometimes two and sometimes three rhymes; but in some way its two stazas rhyme together. Often the three lines of the first stanza rhyme severally with the three lines of the second. In Shakespeare's sonnets, the first twelve lines rhymed alternately, and the last two rhyme together.

Sonnet

Son"net, v. i. To compose sonnets. "Strains that come almost to sonneting." Milton.

Sonneteer

Son`net*eer" (?), n. A composer of sonnets, or small poems; a small poet; -- usually in contempt.
What woful stuff this madrigal would be In some starved hackney sonneteer or me! Pope.

Sonneteer

Son`net*eer", v. i. To compose sonnets. Lowell.

Sonneter

Son"net*er (?), n. A composer of sonnets.

Sonnetist

Son"net*ist, n. A sonneter, or sonneteer. Bp. Hall.

Sonnetize

Son"net*ize (?), v. i. To compose sonnets.

Sonnish

Son"nish (?), a. Like the sun; sunny; golden. [Obs.] "Her sonnish hairs." Chaucer.

Sonnite

Son"nite (?), n. See Sunnite.

Sonometer

So*nom"e*ter (?), n. [L. sonus a sound + -meter.]

1. (Physiol.) An instrument for exhibiting the transverse vibrations of cords, and ascertaining the relations between musical notes. It consists of a cord stretched by weight along a box, and divided into different lengths at pleasure by a bridge, the place of which is determined by a scale on the face of the box.

2. An instrument for testing the hearing capacity.

Sonorific

Son`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L. sonor, -oris, a sound + facere to make. See Sonorous.] Producing sound; as, the sonorific quality of a body. [R.] I. Watts.

Sonority

So*nor"i*ty (?), n. [L. sonoritas.] The quality or state of being sonorous; sonorousness.

Sonorous

So*no"rous (?), a. [L. sonorus, fr. sonor, -oris, a sound, akin to sonus a sound. See Sound.]

1. Giving sound when struck; resonant; as, sonorous metals.

2. Loud-sounding; giving a clear or loud sound; as, a sonorous voice.

3. Yielding sound; characterized by sound; vocal; sonant; as, the vowels are sonorous.

4. Impressive in sound; high-sounding.

The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness and familiarty of the thoughts, has something beautiful and sonorous in the expression. Addison.
There is nothing of the artificial Johnsonian balance in his style. It is as often marked by a pregnant brevity as by a sonorous amplitude. E. Everett.

5. (Med.) Sonant; vibrant; hence, of sounds produced in a cavity, deep-toned; as, sonorous rhonchi.

Sonorous figures (Physics), figures formed by the vibrations of a substance capable of emitting a musical tone, as when the bow of a violin is drawn along the edge of a piece of glass or metal on which sand is strewed, and the sand arranges itself in figures according to the musical tone. Called also acoustic figures. -- Sonorous tumor (Med.), a tumor which emits a clear, resonant sound on percussion. -- So*no"rous*ly, adv. -- So*no"rous*ness, n.

Sonship

Son"ship (?), n. The state of being a son, or of bearing the relation of a son; filiation. Dr. H. More.

Sonsy

Son"sy (?), a. See Soncy. [Scot.] Burns.

Sontag

Son"tag (?), n. [So called from from Mme. Henriette Sontag, a famous singer.] A knitted worsted jacket, worn over the waist of a woman's dress.
Page 1372

Sonties

Son"ties (?), n. Probably from "saintes" saints, or from sanctities; -- used as an oath. [Obs.] Shak.

Sooshong

Soo*shong" (?), n. Same as Souchong.

Soodra

Soo"dra (?). Same as Sudra.

Soofee, Soofeeism

Soo"fee (?), Soo"fee*ism (?). Same as Sufi, Sufism.

Soojee

Soo"jee (?), n. Same as Suji.

Soon

Soon (?), adv. [OE. sone, AS. s; cf. OFries. s, OS. s\'bena, s\'beno, OHG. s\'ber, Goth. suns.]

1. In a short time; shortly after any time specified or supposed; as, soon after sunrise. "Sooner said than done." Old Proverb. "As soon as it might be." Chaucer.

She finished, and the subtle fiend his lore Soon learned. Milton.

2. Without the usual delay; before any time supposed; early.

How is it that ye are come so soon to-day? Ex. ii. 18.

3. Promptly; quickly; easily.

Small lights are soon blown out, huge fires abide. Shak.

4. Readily; willingly; -- in this sense used with would, or some other word expressing will.

I would as soon see a river winding through woods or in meadows, as when it is tossed up in so many whimsical figures at Versailles. Addison.
As soon as, ∨ So soon as, imediately at or after another event. "As soon as he came nigh unto the camp . . . he saw the calf, and the dancing." Ex. xxxii. 19. See So . . . as, under So. -- Soon at, as soon as; or, as soon as the time referred to arrives. [Obs.] "I shall be sent for soon at night." Shak. -- Sooner or later, at some uncertain time in the future; as, he will discover his mistake sooner or later. -- With the soonest, as soon as any; among the earliest; too soon. [Obs.] Holland.

Soon

Soon, a. Speedy; quick. [Obs.] Shak.

Soonee

Soo"nee (?), n. See Sunnite.

Soonly

Soon"ly (?), adv. Soon. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Soord

Soord (?), n. Skin of bacon. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Soorma

Soor"ma (?), n. [Hind. & Per. surma.] A preparation of antimony with which Mohammedan men anoint their eyelids.

Sooshong

Soo*shong" (?), n. See Souchong.

Soosoo

Soo"soo (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of dolphin (Platanista Gangeticus) native of the river Ganges; the Gangetic dolphin. It has a long, slender, somewhat spatulate beak. [Written also susu.]

Soot

Soot (? ∨ ?; 277), n. [OE. sot, AS. s; akin to Icel. s, Sw. sot, Dan. sod, OD. soet, Lith. s; cf. Gael. suith, Ir. suth.] A black substance formed by combustion, or disengaged from fuel in the process of combustion, which rises in fine particles, and adheres to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying the smoke; strictly, the fine powder, consisting chiefly of carbon, which colors smoke, and which is the result of imperfect combustion. See Smoke.<-- of "incomplete" combustion -->

Soot

Soot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sooting.] To cover or dress with soot; to smut with, or as with, soot; as, to soot land. Mortimer.

Soot, Soote

Soot (?), Soot"e (?), a. [See Sweet.] Sweet. [Obs.] "The soote savour of the vine." Chaucer.

Sooterkin

Soot"er*kin (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. suttern to boil gently.] A kind of false birth, fabled to be produced by Dutch women from sitting over their stoves; also, an abortion, in a figurative sense; an abortive scheme.
Fruits of dull heat, and sooterkins of wit. Pope.

Sooth

Sooth (?), a.; also adv. [Compar. Soother (#); superl. Soothest.] [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root meaning, to be, Skr. as, L. esse; also akin to Goth. sunjis true, Gr. satya. Absent, Am, Essence, Is, Soothe, Sutee.]

1. True; faithful; trustworthy. [Obs. or Scot.]

The sentence [meaning] of it sooth is, out of doubt. Chaucer.
That shall I sooth (said he) to you declare. Spensser.

2. Pleasing; delightful; sweet. [R.]

The soothest shepherd that ever piped on plains. Milton.
With jellies soother than the creamy curd. Keats.

Sooth

Sooth, n. [AS. s. See Sooth, a.]

1. Truth; reality. [Archaic]

The sooth it this, the cut fell to the knight. Chaucer.
In sooth, I know not why I am so sad. Shak.
In good sooth, Its mystery is love, its meaninng youth. Longfellow.

2. Augury; prognostication. [Obs.]

The soothe of birds by beating of their wings. Spenser.

3. Blandishment; cajolery. [Obs.] Shak.

Soothe

Soothe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soothing.] [Originally, to assent to as true; OE. so to verify, AS. ges to prove the truth of, to bear witness. See Sooth, a.]

1. To assent to as true. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

2. To assent to; to comply with; to gratify; to humor by compliance; to please with blandishments or soft words; to flatter.

Good, my lord, soothe him, let him take the fellow. Shak.
I've tried the force of every reason on him, Soothed and caressed, been angry, soothed again. Addison.

3. To assuage; to mollify; to calm; to comfort; as, to soothe a crying child; to soothe one's sorrows.

Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast, To soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak. Congreve.
Though the sound of Fame May for a moment soothe, it can not slake The fever of vain longing. Byron.
Syn. -- To soften; assuage; allay; compose; mollify; tranquilize; pacify; mitigate.

Soother

Sooth"er (?), n. One who, or that which, soothes.

Soothfast

Sooth"fast` (?), a. [Sooth + fast, that is, fast or firm with respect to truth.] Firmly fixed in, or founded upon, the thruth; true; genuine; real; also, truthful; faithful. [Archaic] -- Sooth"fast`ness, n. [Archaic] "In very soothfastness." Chaucer.
Why do not you . . . bear leal and soothfast evidence in her behalf, as ye may with a clear conscience! Sir W. Scott.
<-- leal = loyal, but not marked as archaic in this work. -->

Soothfast

Sooth"fast`, adv. Soothly; really; in fact. [Archaic]
I care not if the pomps you show Be what they soothfast appear. Emerson.

Soothing

Sooth"ing (?), a. & n. from Soothe, v.

Soothingly

Sooth"ing*ly, adv. In a soothing manner.

Soothly

Sooth"ly (?), adv. In truth; truly; really; verily. [Obs.] "Soothly for to say." Chaucer.

Soothness

Sooth"ness, n. Truth; reality. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Soothsay

Sooth"say` (?), v. i. [Sooth + say; properly to say truth, tell the truth.] To foretell; to predict. "You can not soothsay." Shak. "Old soothsaying Glaucus' spell." Milton.

Soothsay

Sooth"say`, n.

1. A true saying; a proverb; a prophecy. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Omen; portent. Having

God turn the same to good soothsay. Spenser.

Soothsayer

Sooth"say`er (?), n.

1. One who foretells events by the art of soothsaying; a prognosticator.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A mantis.

Soothsaying

Sooth"say`ing, n.

1. A true saying; truth. [Obs.]

2. The act of one who soothsays; the foretelling of events; the art or practice of making predictions.

A damsel, possessed with a spirit of divination . . . which brought her masters much gain by soothsaying. Acts xvi. 16.

3. A prediction; a prophecy; a prognostication.

Divinations and soothsayings and dreams are vain. Eclus. xxxiv. 5.

Sootiness

Soot"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sooty; fuliginousness. Johnson.

Sootish

Soot"ish, a. Sooty. Sir T. Browne.

Sooty

Soot"y (?), a. [Compar Sootier (?); superl. Sootiest.] [AS. s. See Soot.]

1. Of or pertaining to soot; producing soot; soiled by soot. "Fire of sooty coal." Milton.

2. Having a dark brown or black color like soot; fuliginous; dusky; dark. "The grisly legions that troop under the sooty flag of Acheron." Milton.

Sooty albatross (Zo\'94l.), an albatross (Ph\'d2betria fuliginosa) found chiefly in the Pacific Ocean; -- called also nellie. -- Sooty tern (Zo\'94l.), a tern (Sterna fuliginosa) found chiefly in tropical seas.

Sooty

Soot"y, v. t. To black or foul with soot. [R.]
Sootied with noisome smoke. Chapman.

Spo

Spo (?), n. [OE. sop, soppe; akin to AS. s to sup, to sip, to drink, D. sop sop, G. suppe soup, Icel. soppa sop. See Sup, v. t., and cf. Soup.]

1. Anything steeped, or dipped and softened, in any liquid; especially, something dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten.

He it is to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. John xiii. 26.
Sops in wine, quantity, inebriate more than wine itself. Bacon.
The bounded waters Should lift their bosoms higher than the shores, And make a sop of all this solid globe. Shak.

2. Anything given to pacify; -- so called from the sop given to Cerberus, as related in mythology.

All nature is cured with a sop. L'Estrange.

3. A thing of little or no value. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Sops in wine (Bot.), an old name of the clove pink, alluding to its having been used to flavor wine.
Garlands of roses and sops in wine. Spenser.
-- Sops of wine (Bot.), an old European variety of apple, of a yellow and red color, shading to deep red; -- called also sopsavine, and red shropsavine.

Sop

Sop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sopping.] To steep or dip in any liquid.

Sope

Sope (?), n. See Soap. [Obs.]

Soph

Soph (?), n. (Eng. Univ.) A contraction of Soph ister. [Colloq.]

Soph

Soph, n. (Amer. Colleges) A contraction of Sophomore. [Colloq.]

Sophi

So"phi (?), n.; pl. Sophis (. See Sufi.

Sophic, Sophical

Soph"ic (?), Soph"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Teaching wisdom. [Obs.] S. Harris.

Sophime

So*phime" (? ∨ ?), n. [OF. soffime, sophisme.] Sophism. [Obs.]
I trow ye study aboute some sophime. Chaucer.

Sophism

Soph"ism (?), n. [F. sophisme, L. sophisma, fr. Gr. The doctrine or mode of reasoning practiced by a sophist; hence, any fallacy designed to deceive.
When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true one, then it is properly called a sophism, or "fallacy". I. Watts.
Let us first rid ourselves of sophisms, those of depraved men, and those of heartless philosophers. I. Taylor.

Sophist

Soph"ist, n. [F. sophiste, L. sophistes, fr. Gr. Sophism.]

1. One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people, and drew upon themselves general hatred and contempt.

Many of the Sophists doubdtless card not for truth or morality, and merely professed to teach how to make the worse appear the better reason; but there scems no reason to hold that they were a special class, teaching special opinions; even Socrates and Plato were sometimes styled Sophists. Liddell & Scott.

2. Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or fallacious reasoner.

Sophister

Soph"ist*er (?), n.

1. A sophist. See Sophist. [Obs.] Hooker.

2. (Eng. Univ.) A student who is advanced beyond the first year of his residence. &hand; The entire course at the university consists of three years and one term, during which the students have the titles of first-year men, or freshmen; second-year men or junior sophs or sophisters; third-year men, or senior sophs or sophisters; and, in the last term, questionists, with reference to the approaching examination. In the older American colleges, the junior and senior classes were originally called, and in some of them are still called, junior sophisters and senior sophisters.

Sophister

Soph"ist*er (?), v. t. To maintain by sophistry, or by a fallacious argument. [Obs.] obham.

Sophistic, Sophistical

So*phis"tic (?), So*phis"tic*al, a. [L. sophisticus, Gr. sophistique.] Of or pertaining to a sophist; embodying sophistry; fallaciously subtile; not sound.
His argument . . . is altogether sophistical. Macaulay.
-- So*phis"tic*al*ly, adv. -- So*phis"tic*al*ness, n.

Sophisticate

So*phis"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sophisticated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sophisticating.] [LL. sophisticatus, p.p. of sophisticare to sophisticate.] To render worthless by admixture; to adulterate; to damage; to pervert; as, to sophisticate wine. Howell.
To sophisticate the understanding. Southey.
Yet Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to sophisticate, not to refine. M. Arnold.
They purchase but sophisticated ware. Dryden.
Syn. -- To adulterate; debase; corrupt; vitiate.

Sophisticate, Sophisticated

So*phis"ti*cate (?), So*phis"ti*ca`ted (?), a. Adulterated; not pure; not genuine.
So truth, while only one supplied the state, Grew scare and dear, and yet sophisticate. Dryden.

Sophistication

So*phis`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. sophisticatio, F. sophistication.] The act of sophisticating; adulteration; as, the sophistication of drugs. Boyle.

Sophisticator

So*phis"ti*ca`tor (?), n. One who sophisticates.

Sophistry

Soph"ist*ry (?), n. [OE. sophistrie, OF. sophisterie.]

1. The art or process of reasoning; logic. [Obs.]

2. The practice of a sophist; fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound in appearance only.

The juggle of sophistry consists, for the most part, in using a word in one sense in the premise, and in another sense in the conclusion. Coleridge.
Syn. -- See Fallacy.

Sophomore

Soph"o*more (?), n. [Probably fr. soph or sophister + Gr. Soph-Mor as "the next distinctive appellation to Freshman," but the term has now almost ceased to be known at the English university from whence it came.] One belonging to the second of the four classes in an American college, or one next above a freshman. [Formerly written also sophimore.]

Sophomoric, Sophomorical

Soph`o*mor"ic (?), Soph`o*mor"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a sophomore; resembling a sophomore; hence, pretentious; inflated in style or manner; as, sophomoric affectation. [U. S.] <-- 2. Poorly informed yet overconfident of one's own knowledge; asserting incorrect facts based on scant knowledge. -->

Sophora

So*pho"ra (?), n. [Ar. .] (Bot.) (a) A genus of leguminous plants. (b) A tree (Sophora Japonica) of Eastern Asia, resembling the common locust; occasionally planted in the United States.

Sophta

Soph"ta (?), n. See Softa.

Sopite

So"pite (?), v. t. [L. sopitus, p.p. of sopire to put to sleep; akin to sopor a sleeping draught, a heavy sleep.] To lay asleep; to put to sleep; to quiet. [Obs.]
The king's declaration for the sopiting of all Arminian heresies. Fuller.

Sopition

So*pi"tion (?), n. The act of putting to sleep, or the state of being put to sleep; sleep. [Obs.]
Dementation and sopition of reason. Sir T. Browne.

Sopor

So"por (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Profound sleep from which a person can be roused only with difficulty.

Soporate

Sop"o*rate (?), v. t. [L. soporatus, p.p. or soporare to put to sleep, fr. sopor a heavy sleep.] To lay or put to sleep; to stupefy. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Soporiferous

Sop`o*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. soparifer; sopor a heavy sleep + ferere to bring.] Causing sleep; somniferous; soporific. "Soporiferous medicine." Swift. --- Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ness, n.

Soporific

Sop`o*rif"ic (?; 277), a. [L. sopor a heavy sleep (akin to somnus sleep) + facere to make. See Somnolent, Fact.] Causing sleep; tending to cause sleep; soporiferous; as, the soporific virtues of opium. Syn. -- Somniferous; narcotic; opiate; anodyne.

Soporific

Sop`o*rif"ic, n. A medicine, drug, plant, or other agent that has the quality of inducing sleep; a narcotic.

Soporose, Soporous

Sop"o*rose` (?), Sop"o*rous (?), a. [From Sopor; cf. L. soporus, fr. sopor a heavy sleep; F. soporeux.] Causing sleep; sleepy.

Sopper

Sop"per (?), n. One who sops. Johnson. <--

sopping

sopping, more recent version of soppy. Used esp. in phrase sopping wet. -->

Soppy

Sop"py (?), a. Soaked or saturated with liquid or moisture; very wet or sloppy.
It [Yarmouth] looked rather spongy and soppy. Dickens.

Sopra

So"pra (?), adv. [It., from L. supra above.] (Mus.) Above; before; over; upon.

Sopranist

So*pra"nist (?), n. (Mus.) A treble singer.

Soprano

So*pra"no (?), n.; pl. E. Sopranos (#), It. Soprani (#). [It., fr. soprano superior, highest, fr. sopra above, L. supra. See Sovereign.] (Mus.) (a) The treble; the highest vocal register; the highest kind of female or boy's voice; the upper part in harmony for mixed voices. (b) A singer, commonly a woman, with a treble voice.

Sopsavine

Sops"a*vine (?), n. See Sops of wine, under Sop.
Page 1373

Sora

So"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A North American rail (Porzana Carolina) common in the Eastern United States. Its back is golden brown, varied with black and white, the front of the head and throat black, the breast and sides of the head and neck slate-colored. Called also American rail, Carolina rail, Carolina crake, common rail, sora rail, soree, meadow chicken, and orto. King sora, the Florida gallinule.

Sorance

Sor"ance (? ∨ ?), n. Soreness. [Obs.]

Sorb

Sorb (?), n.[L. sorbus the tree, sorbum the fruit; cf. F. sorbe. See Service tree.] (Bot.) (a) The wild service tree (Pyrus torminalis) of Europe; also, the rowan tree. (b) The fruit of these trees. Sorb apple, the fruit of the sorb, or wild service tree. -- Sorb tree, the wild service tree.

Sorbate

Sor"bate (?), n. [Cf. F. sorbate. See Sorbic.] (Chem.) A salt of sorbic acid.

Sorbefacient

Sor`be*fa"cient (?), a. [L. sorbere to suck in, absorb + faciens, p.pr. of facere to make.] (Med.) Producing absorption. -- n. A medicine or substance which produces absorption.

Sorbent

Sorb"ent (?), n. [L. sorbens, p.pr. of sorbere to suck in, to absorb.] An absorbent. [R.]

Sorbet

Sor"bet (?), n. [F. sorbet or It. sorbetto or Sp. sorbete, from the same source as E. sherbet. See Sherbet.] A kind of beverage; sherbet. Smolett.

Sorbic

Sor"bic (?), a. [Cf. F. sorbique. See Sorb.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the rowan tree, or sorb; specifically, designating an acid, C

Sorbile

Sor"bile (?), a. [L. sorbilis, fr. sorbere to suck in, to drink down.] Fit to be drunk or sipped. [Obs.]

Sorbin

Sor"bin (?), n. (Chem.) An unfermentable sugar, isomeric with glucose, found in the ripe berries of the rowan tree, or sorb, and extracted as a sweet white crystalline substance; -- called also mountain-ash sugar.

Sorbite

Sor"bite (?), n. [L. sorbus service tree.] (Chem.) A sugarlike substance, isomeric with mannite and dulcite, found with sorbin in the ripe berries of the sorb, and extracted as a sirup or a white crystalline substance. -- Sor*bit"ic (#), a.

Sorbition

Sor*bi"tion (?), n. [L. sorbitio.] The act of drinking or sipping. [Obs.] <-- sorbitol. A hexitol, C6H14O6, found in the mountain ash, now produced by hydrogenation or electrolytic reduction of glucose. It has a variet of uses, notably as a sugar substitute for diabetics, and to improve the shelf-life of candy, as an osmotic agent, and as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations. -->

Sorbonical

Sor*bon"ic*al (?), a. Belonging to the Sorbonne or to a Sorbonist. Bale.

Sorbonist

Sor"bon*ist (?), n. [F. sorboniste.] A doctor of the Sorbonne, or theological college, in the University of Paris, founded by Robert de Sorbon, a. d. 1252. It was suppressed in the Revolution of 1789.

Sorcerer

Sor"cer*er (?), n. [Cf. F. sorcier. See Sorcery.] A conjurer; an enchanter; a magician. Bacon.
Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers. Ex. vii. 11.

Sorceress

Sor"cer*ess, n. A female sorcerer.

Sorcering

Sor"cer*ing, n. Act or practice of using sorcery.

Sorcerous

Sor"cer*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to sorcery.

Sorcery

Sor"cer*y (?), n.; pl. Sorceries (#). [OE. sorcerie, OF. sorcerie, fr. OF. & F. sorcier a sorcerer, LL. sortiarius, fr. L. sors, sortis, a lot, decision by lot, fate, destiny. See Sort, n.] Divination by the assistance, or supposed assistance, of evil spirits, or the power of commanding evil spirits; magic; necromancy; witchcraft; enchantment.
Adder's wisdom I have learned, To fence my ear against thy sorceries. Milton.

Sord

Sord (? ∨ ?), n. See Sward. [R.] Milton.

Sordes

Sor"des (?), n. [L., fr. sordere to be dirty or foul.] Foul matter; excretion; dregs; filthy, useless, or rejected matter of any kind; specifically (Med.), the foul matter that collects on the teeth and tongue in low fevers and other conditions attended with great vital depression.

Sordet

Sor"det (?), n. [See Sordine.] (Mus.) A sordine.

Sordid

Sor"did (?), a. [L. sordidus, fr. sordere to be filthy or dirty; probably akin to E. swart: cf. F. sordide. See Swart, a.]

1. Filthy; foul; dirty. [Obs.]

A sordid god; down from his hoary chin A length of beard descends, uncombed, unclean. Dryden.

2. Vile; base; gross; mean; as, vulgar, sordid mortals. "To scorn the sordid world." Milton.

3. Meanly avaricious; covetous; niggardly.

He may be old, And yet sordid, who refuses gold. Sir J. Denham.

Sordidly

Sor*did"ly (?), n. Sordidness. [Obs.]

Sordidly

Sor"did*ly (?), adv. In a sordid manner.

Sordidness

Sor"did*ness, n. The quality or state of being sordid.

Sordine

Sor"dine (? ∨ ?; 277), n. [It. sordina, sordino, from sordo deaf, dull-sounding, L. surdus. See Surd.] (Mus.) See Damper, and 5th Mute.

Sore

Sore (?), a. [F. saure, sore, sor; faucon sor a sore falcon. See Sorrel, n.] Reddish brown; sorrel. [R.] Sore falcon. (Zo\'94l.) See Sore, n., 1.

Sore

Sore, n. (Zo\'94l.) A young hawk or falcon in the first year.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A young buck in the fourth year. See the Note under Buck.

Sore

Sore, a. [Compar. Sorer (; superl. Sorest.] [OE. sor, sar, AS. s\'ber; akin to D. zeer, OS. & OHG. s, G. sehr very, Icel. s\'berr, Sw. s\'86r, Goth. sair pain. Cf. Sorry.]

1. Tender to the touch; susceptible of pain from pressure; inflamed; painful; -- said of the body or its parts; as, a sore hand.

2. Fig.: Sensitive; tender; easily pained, grieved, or vexed; very susceptible of irritation.

Malice and hatred are very fretting and vexatious, and apt to make our minds sore and uneasy. Tillotson.

3. Severe; afflictive; distressing; as, a sore disease; sore evil or calamity. Shak.

4. Criminal; wrong; evil. [Obs.] Shak.

Sore throat (Med.), inflammation of the throat and tonsils; pharyngitis. See Cynanche. -- Malignant, Ulcerated ∨ Putrid, sore throat. See Angina, and under Putrid.

Sore

Sore (?), n. [OE. sor, sar, AS. s\'ber. See Sore, a.]

1. A place in an animal body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so as to be tender or painful; a painful or diseased place, such as an ulcer or a boil.

The dogs came and licked his sores. Luke xvi. 21.

2. Fig.: Grief; affliction; trouble; difficulty. Chaucer.

I see plainly where his sore lies. Sir W. Scott.
Gold sore. (Med.) See under Gold, n.

Sore

Sore, adv. [AS. s\'bere. See Sore, a.]

1. In a sore manner; with pain; grievously.

Thy hand presseth me sore. Ps. xxxviii. 2.

2. Greatly; violently; deeply.

[Hannah] prayed unto the Lord and wept sore. 1 Sam. i. 10.
Sore sighed the knight, who this long sermon heard. Dryden.

Soredia

So*re"di*a (?), n., pl. of Soredium.

Sorediate

So*re"di*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Soredi\'8bferous.

Sordiferous, ∨ Sorediiferous

Sor`*dif"er*ous (?), ∨ So*re`di*if"er*ous (?), a. [Soredium + -ferous.] (Bot.) Bearing soredia; sorediate.

Soredium

So*re"di*um (?), n.; pl. Soredia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A patch of granular bodies on the surface of the thallus of lichens.

Soree

So"ree (, n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sora.

Sorehead

Sore"head` (?), n. One who is disgruntled by a failure in politics, or the like. [Slang, U.S.]

Sorehon

Sore"hon (?), n. [Corrupted from sojourn, Scot. soirne, sorn.] Formerly, in Ireland, a kind of servile tenure which subjected the tenant to maintain his chieftain gratuitously whenever he wished to indulge in a revel. Spenser.

Sorel

Sor"el (?), n. [A diminutive. See Sore reddish brown.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A young buck in the third year. See the Note under Buck. Shak.

2. A yellowish or reddish brown color; sorrel.

Sorely

Sore"ly (?), adv. In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely afflicted.

Sorema

So*re"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A heap of carpels belonging to one flower.

Soreness

Sore"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sore; tenderness; painfull; as, the soreness of a wound; the soreness of an affliction.

Sorex

So"rex (?), n. [L., a shrew.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small Insectivora, including the common shrews.

Sorgne

Sor"gne (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The three-beared rocking, or whistlefish. [Prov. Eng.]

Sorghum

Sor"ghum (?), n. [NL., probably of Chinese origin.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of grasses, properly limited to two species, Sorghum Halepense, the Arabian millet, or Johnson grass (see Johnson grass), and S. vulgare, the Indian millet (see Indian millet, under Indian). (b) A variety of Sorghum vulgare, grown for its saccharine juice; the Chinese sugar cane.

Sorgo

Sor"go (?), n. [Cf. It. sorgo. See Sorghum.] (Bot.) Indian millet and its varieties. See Sorghum.

Sori

So"ri (?), n., pl. of Sorus.

Soricine

So"ri*cine (?), a. [L. sorricinus, fr. sorex a shrew.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Shrew family (Soricid\'91); like a shrew in form or habits; as, the soricine bat (Glossophaga soricina).

Sorites

So*ri"tes (?), n. [L., from Gr. swrei`ths (sc. syllogismo`s), properly, heaped up (hence, a heap of syllogisms), fr. swro`s a heap.] (Logic) An abridged form of stating of syllogisms in a series of propositions so arranged that the predicate of each one that precedes forms the subject of each one that follows, and the conclusion unites the subject of the first proposition with the predicate of the last proposition, as in following example; --
The soul is a thinking agent; A thinking agent can not be severed into parts; That which can not be severed can not be destroyed; Therefore the soul can not be destroyed. &hand; When the series is arranged in the reverse order, it is called the Goclenian sorites, from Goclenius, a philosopher of the sixteenth century.
Destructive sorities. See under Destructive. <-- Sorites paradox, (philos.) The paradox that arises from the assertion that if one item is removed from a heap (sorites) of objects, what remains is still a heap. Continued application of that rule for any finite heap ultimately causes a contradiction, when the "heap" has no objects left. Similar definitional problems prompted the invention of "fuzzy logic" -->

Soritical

So"rit"ic*al, a. Of or pertaining to a sorites; resembling a sorites.

Sorn

Sorn (?), v. i. [See Sorehon.] To obtrude one's self on another for bed and board. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Sorner

Sorn"er (?), n. One who obtrudes himself on another for bed and board. [Scot.] De Quncey.

Sororal

So*ro"ral (?), a. [L. soror sister: cf. F. sororal.] Relating to a sister; sisterly. [R.]

Sororicide

So*ror"i*cide (?; 277), n. [L. sororocida, and sororicidium; soror a sister + caedere to kill.] The murder of one's sister; also, one who murders or kills one's own sister. Johnson.

Sororize

So*ro"rize (? ∨ ?), v. i. [L. soror, sororis, a sister.] To associate, or hold fellowship, as sisters; to have sisterly feelings; -- analogous to fraternize. [Recent & R.]

Sorosis

So*ro"sis (?), n. [NL. See Sororize.] A woman's club; an association of women. [U. S.]

Sorosis

So*ro"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A fleshy fruit formed by the consolidation of many flowers with their receptacles, ovaries, etc., as the breadfruit, mulberry, and pineapple.

Sorrage

Sor"rage (?; 48), n. [Cf. Sorrel, n.] The blades of green or barley. [Obs.] Bailey.

Sorrance

Sor"rance (?), n. Same as Sorance. [Obs.]

Sorrel

Sor"rel (?), a. [F. saur, saure, OF. sor, sore, probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D. zoor dry, LG. soor; the meaning probably coming from the color of dry leaves. See Sear, a., and cf. Sorel.] Of a yellowish or redish brown color; as, a sorrel horse.

Sorrel

Sor"rel (?), n. A yellowish or redish brown color.

Sorrel

Sor"rel, n. [F. surelle, fr. sur sour, fr. OHG. s sour. See Sour.] (Bot.) One of various plants having a sour juice; especially, a plant of the genus Rumex, as Rumex Acetosa, Rumex Acetosella, etc. Mountain sorrel. (Bot.) See under Mountain. -- Red sorrel. (Bot.) (a) A malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) whose acid calyxes and capsules are used in the West Indies for making tarts and acid drinks. (b) A troublesome weed (Rumex Acetosella), also called sheep sorrel. -- Salt of sorrel (Chem.), binoxalate of potassa; -- so called because obtained from the juice of Rumex Acetosella, or Rumex Axetosa. -- Sorrel tree (Bot.), a small ericaceous tree (Oxydendrum arboreum) whose leaves resemble those of the peach and have a sour taste. It is common along the Alleghanies. Called also sourwood. -- Wood sorrel (Bot.), any plant of the genus Oxalis.

Sorrento work

Sor"ren"to work` (?). Ornamental work, mostly carved in olivewood, decorated with inlay, made at or near Sorrento, Italy. Hence, more rarely, jig-saw work and the like done anywhere.

Sorrily

Sor"ri*ly (?), adv. In a sorry manner; poorly.
Thy pipe, O Pan, shall help, though I sing sorrily. Sir P. Sidney.

Sorriness

Sor"ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being sorry.

Sorrow

Sor"row (?), n. [OE. sorwe, sorewe, sor, AS. sorg, sorh; akin to D. zorg care, anxiety, OS. sorga, OHG. sorga, soraga, suorga, G. sorge, Icel., Sw., & Dan. sorg, Goth. sa\'a3rga; of unknown origin.] The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the loss of any good, real or supposed, or by diseappointment in the expectation of good; grief at having suffered or occasioned evil; regret; unhappiness; sadness. Milton.
How great a sorrow suffereth now Arcite! Chaucer.
The safe and general antidote against sorrow is employment. Rambler.
Syn. -- Grief; unhappiness; regret; sadness; heaviness; mourning; affliction. See Affliction, and Grief.

Sorrow

Sor"row, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sorrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sorrowing.] [OE. sorowen, sorwen, sorhen, AS. sorgian; akin to Goth. sa\'a3rgan. See Sorrow, n.] To feel pain of mind in consequence of evil experienced, feared, or done; to grieve; to be sad; to be sorry.
Sorrowing most of all . . . that they should see his face no more. Acts xx. 38.
I desire no man to sorrow for me. Sir J. Hayward.

Sorrowed

Sor"rowed (?) (, a. Accompanied with sorrow; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

Sorrowful

Sor"row*ful (?), a. [OE. sorweful, AS. sorgful.]

1. Full of sorrow; exhibiting sorrow; sad; dejected; distressed. "This sorrowful prisoner." Chaucer.

My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death. Matt. xxvi. 38.

2. Producing sorrow; exciting grief; mournful; lamentable; grievous; as, a sorrowful accident. Syn. -- Sad; mournful; dismal; disconsolate; drear; dreary; grievous; lamentable; doleful; distressing. -- Sor"row*ful*ly, adv. -- Sor"row*ful*ness, n.

Sorrowless

Sor"row*less, a. Free from sorrow.

Sorry

Sor"ry (?), a. [Compar. Sorrier (?); superl. Sorriest.] [OE. sory, sary, AS. s\'berig, fr. s\'ber, n., sore. See Sore, n. & a. The original sense was, painful; hence. miserable, sad.]

1. Grieved for the loss of some good; pained for some evil; feeling regret; -- now generally used to express light grief or affliction, but formerly often used to express deeper feeling. "I am sorry for my sins." Piers Plowman.

Ye were made sorry after a godly manner. 2 Cor. vii. 9.
I am sorry for thee, friend; 't is the duke's pleasure. Shak.
She entered, were he lief or sorry. Spenser.

2. Melancholy; dismal; gloomy; mournful. Spenser.

All full of chirking was this sorry place. Chaucer.

3. Poor; mean; worthless; as, a sorry excuse. "With sorry grace." Chaucer.

Cheeks of sorry grain will serve. Milton.
Good fruit will sometimes grow on a sorry tree. Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Hurt; afflicted; mortified; vexed; chagrined; melancholy; dismal; poor; mean; pitiful.

Sors

Sors (?), n.; pl. Sortes (#). [L.] A lot; also, a kind of divination by means of lots. Sortes Homeric\'91 ∨ Virgilian\'91 [L., Homeric or Virgilian lots], a form of divination anciently practiced, which consisted in taking the first passage on which the eye fell, upon opening a volume of Homer or Virgil, or a passage drawn from an urn which several were deposited, as indicating future events, or the proper course to be pursued. In later times the Bible was used for the same purpose by Christians. <-- not very different from Chinese fortune cookies in concept. -->

Sort

Sort (?), n. [F. sorl, L. sors, sortis. See Sort kind.] Chance; lot; destiny. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas [chance]. Chaucer.
Let blockish Ajax draw The sort to fight with Hector. Shak.
Page 1374

Sort

Sort, n. [F. sorie (cf. It. sorta, sorte), from L. sors, sorti, a lot, part, probably akin to serere to connect. See Series, and cf. Assort, Consort, Resort, Sorcery, Sort lot.]

1. A kind or species; any number or collection of individual persons or things characterized by the same or like qualities; a class or order; as, a sort of men; a sort of horses; a sort of trees; a sort of poems.

2. Manner; form of being or acting.

Which for my part I covet to perform, In sort as through the world I did proclaim. Spenser.
Flowers, in such sort worn, can neither be smelt nor seen well by those that wear them. Hooker.
I'll deceive you in another sort. Shak.
To Adam in what sort Shall I appear? Milton.
I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some sort I have copied his style. Dryden.

3. Condition above the vulgar; rank. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A chance group; a company of persons who happen to be together; a troop; also, an assemblage of animals. [Obs.] "A sort of shepherds." Spenser. "A sort of steers." Spenser. "A sort of doves." Dryden. "A sort of rogues." Massinger.

A boy, a child, and we a sort of us, Vowed against his voyage. Chapman.

5. A pair; a set; a suit. Johnson.

6. pl. (Print.) Letters, figures, points, marks, spaces, or quadrats, belonging to a case, separately considered.

Out of sorts (Print.), with some letters or sorts of type deficient or exhausted in the case or font; hence, colloquially, out of order; ill; vexed; disturbed. -- To run upon sorts (Print.), to use or require a greater number of some particular letters, figures, or marks than the regular proportion, as, for example, in making an index. Syn. -- Kind; species; rank; condition. -- Sort, Kind. Kind originally denoted things of the same family, or bound together by some natural affinity; and hence, a class. Sort signifies that which constitutes a particular lot of parcel, not implying necessarily the idea of affinity, but of mere assemblage. the two words are now used to a great extent interchangeably, though sort (perhaps from its original meaning of lot) sometimes carries with it a slight tone of disparagement or contempt, as when we say, that sort of people, that sort of language. <-- surprisingly, "type" is not included in this synonym-list! in MW10, the list under "type" includes kind and sort. "class" is mentioned in the def, but not on the list of synonyms. -->
As when the total kind Of birds, in orderly array on wing, Came summoned over Eden to receive Their names of there. Milton.
None of noble sort Would so offend a virgin. Shak.

Sort

Sort (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sorting.]

1. To separate, and place in distinct classes or divisions, as things having different qualities; as, to sort cloths according to their colors; to sort wool or thread according to its fineness.

Rays which differ in refrangibility may be parted and sorted from one another. Sir I. Newton.

2. To reduce to order from a confused state. Hooker.

3. To conjoin; to put together in distribution; to class.

Shellfish have been, by some of the ancients, compared and sorted with insects. Bacon.
She sorts things present with things past. Sir J. Davies.

4. To choose from a number; to select; to cull.

That he may sort out a worthy spouse. Chapman.
I'll sort some other time to visit you. Shak.

5. To conform; to adapt; to accommodate. [R.]

I pray thee, sort thy heart to patience. Shak.

Sort

Sort, v. i.

1. To join or associate with others, esp. with others of the same kind or species; to agree.

Nor do metals only sort and herd with metals in the earth, and minerals with minerals. Woodward.
The illiberality of parents towards children makes them base, and sort with any company. Bacon.

2. To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize.

They are happy whose natures sort with their vocations. Bacon.
Things sort not to my will. herbert.
I can not tell you precisely how they sorted. Sir W. Scott.

Sortable

Sort"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. sortable suitable.]

1. Capable of being sorted.

2. Suitable; befitting; proper. [Obs.] con.

Sortably

Sort"a*bly, adv. Suitable. [Obs.] otgrave.

Sortal

Sort"al (?), a. Pertaining to a sort. [Obs.] Locke.

Sortance

Sort"ance (?), n. [From Sort, v. i.] Suitableness; agreement. [Obs.] hak.

Sorter

Sort"er (?), n. One who, or that which, sorts.

Sortes

Sor"tes (?), n., pl. of Sors.

Sortie

Sor"tie (?; 277), n. [F., fr. sortir to go out, to issue, probably fr. L. sortus, for surrectus, p.p. of surgere to raise up, to rise up. See Source.] (Mil.) The sudden issuing of a body of troops, usually small, from a besieged place to attack or harass the besiegers; a sally.

Sortilege

Sor"ti*lege (?), n. [F. sortil\'8age, fr. L. sors, sortis, a lot + legere to gather, to select.] The act or practice of drawing lots; divination by drawing lots.
A woman infamous for sortileges and witcheries. Sir W. Scott.

Sortilegious

Sor`ti*le"gious (?), a. Pertaining to sortilege.

Sortilegy

Sor"til"e*gy (?), n. Sortilege. [R.] De Quincey.

Sortition

Sor*ti"tion (?), n. [L. sortitio, from sortiri to draw or cast lots, fr. sors, sortis, a lot.] Selection or appointment by lot. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Sortment

Sort"ment (?), n. Assortiment. [Obs.]

Sorus

So"rus (?), n.; pl. Sori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the fruit dots, or small clusters of sporangia, on the back of the fronds of ferns.

Sorwe

Sor"we (?), n. & v. Sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sorweful

Sor"we*ful (?), a. Sorrowful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sory

So"ry (?), n. [L. sory, Gr. (Old Min. Chem.) Green vitriol, or some earth imregnated with it.

So-so

So"-so` (?), a. [So + so.] Neither very good nor very bad; middling; passable; tolerable; indifferent.
In some Irish houses, where things are so-so, One gammon of bacon hangs up for a show. Goldsmith.
He [Burns] certainly wrote some so-so verses to the Tree of Liberty. Prof. Wilson.

So-so

So"-so`, adv. Tolerably; passably. H. James.

Soss

Soss (?; 115), v. i. [Cf. Souse.] To fall at once into a chair or seat; to sit lazily. [Obs.] Swift.

Soss

Soss, v. t. To throw in a negligent or careless manner; to toss. [Obs.] Swift.

Soss

Soss, n.

1. A lazy fellow. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. A heavy fall. [Prov. Eng.] Hallowell.

Soss

Soss, n. [See Sesspol.] Anything dirty or muddy; a dirty puddle. [Prov. Eng.]

Sostenuto

Sos`te*nu"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Sustained; -- applied to a movement or passage the sounds of which are to sustained to the utmost of the nominal value of the time; also, to a passage the tones of which are to be somewhat prolonged or protacted.

Sot

Sot (?), n. [F., fr. LL. sottus; of unknown origin, cf. Ir. sotal pride, soithir proud, or Chald. & NHeb. shoten foolish.]

1. A stupid person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt. [Obs.] outh.

2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual drunkard. "A brutal sot." Granville.

Every sign That calls the staring sots to nasty wine. Roscommon.

Sot

Sot (?), a. Sottish; foolish; stupid; dull. [Obs.] "Rich, but sot." Marston.

Sot

Sot, v. t. To stupefy; to infatuate; to besot. [R.]
I hate to see a brave, bold fellow sotted. Dryden.

Sot

Sot, v. i. To tipple to stupidity. [R.] Goldsmith.

Sotadean

So`ta*de"an (?), a. Sotadic.

Sotadic

So*tad"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the lascivious compositions of the Greek poet Sotades. -- n. A Sotadic verse or poem.

Sote

Sote (?), a. Sweet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fairfax.

Sotel, Sotil

So"tel (?), So"til (?), a. Subtile. [Obs.]

Soteriology

So*te`ri*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.]

1. A discourse on health, or the science of promoting and preserving health.

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of salvation by Jesus Christ.

Sothe

Sothe (? ∨ ?), a. Sooth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sothiac, Sothic

So"thi*ac (?), Soth"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sothis, the Egyptian name for the Dog Star; taking its name from the Dog Star; canicular.
In Egypt oft has seen the sot bow down, And reverence some dOldham.
Sothiac, ∨ Sothic, year (Chronol.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours, as distinguished from the Egyptian vague year, which contained 365 days. The Sothic period consists of 1,460 Sothic years, being equal to 1,461 vague years. One of these periods ended in July, a. d. 139.

Sotilte

So"til*te (?), n. Subtlety. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sotted

Sot"ted (?), a. & p. p. of Sot. Befooled; deluded; besotted. [Obs.] "This sotted priest." Chaucer.

Sottery

Sot"ter*y (?), n. Folly. [Obs.] Gauden.

Sottish

Sot"tish (?), a. [From Sot.] Like a sot; doltish; very foolish; drunken.
How ignorant are sottish pretenders to astrology! Swift.
Syn. -- Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; infatuate. -- Sot"tish*ly, adv. -- Sot"tish*ness, n.

Sotto voce

Sot`to vo"ce (?). [It.]

1. (Mus.) With a restrained voice or moderate force; in an undertone.

2. Spoken low or in an undertone.

Sou

Sou (?), n.; pl. Sous (#) ∨ (#). [F. sou, OF. sol, from L. solidus a gold coin, in LL., a coin of less value. See Sold, n., Solid, and and cf. Sol, Soldo.] An old French copper coin, equivalent in value to, and now displaced by, the five-centime piece (sou.

Souari nut

Sou*a"ri nut` (?). (Bot.) The large edible nutlike seed of a tall tropical American tree (Caryocar nuciferum) of the same natural order with the tea plant; -- also called butternut. [Written also sawarra nut.]

Soubah

Sou"bah (?), n. See Subah.

Soubahdar

Sou"bah*dar (?), n. See Subahdar.

Soubrette

Sou`brette", n. [F.] A female servant or attendant; specifically, as a term of the theater, a lady's maid, in comedies, who acts the part of an intrigante; a meddlesome, mischievous female servant or young woman.

Soubriquet

Sou`bri`quet" (?), n. See Sobriquet.

Souce

Souce (?), n. See 1st Souse.

Souce

Souce, v. t. & i. See Souse. [Obs.] penser.

Souchong

Sou*chong" (?), n. [Chin. seou chong little plant or sort.] A kind of black tea of a fine quality.

Soudan

Sou*dan" (?), n.[F.] A sultan. [Obs.]

Souded Soud"ed (, Soud"et (, a. [See Solder.] United; consolidated; made firm; strengthened. [Obs.]
O martyr souded for virginity! Chaucer.

Souffle

Souf"fle (?), n. [F.] (Med.) A murmuring or blowing sound; as, the uterine souffle heard over the pregnant uterus.

Souffl\'82

Souf"fl\'82 (?), n. [F., fr. souffl\'82, p.p. of souffler to puff.] (Cookery) A side dish served hot from the oven at dinner, made of eggs, milk, and flour or other farinaceous substance, beaten till very light, and flavored with fruits, liquors, or essence.

Sough

Sough (?), n. A sow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sough

Sough (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small drain; an adit. [Prov. Eng.] W. M. Buchanan.

Sough

Sough (?; 277), n. [Cf. Icel. s (in comp.) a rushing sound, or OE. swough, swogh, a sound, AS. sw to rustle. Cf. Surf, Swoon, v. i.]

1. The sound produced by soughing; a hollow murmur or roaring.

The whispering leaves or solemn sough of the forest. W. Howitt.

2. Hence, a vague rumor or flying report. [Scot.]

3. A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in preaching or praying. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Sough

Sough, v. i. To whistle or sigh, as the wind.

Sought

Sought (?), imp. & p. p. of Seek.

Souke

Souke (?), v. t. & i. To suck. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Soul

Soul (?), a. Sole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Soul

Soul (?), a. Sole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Soul

Soul, v. i. [F. so\'96ler to satiate. See Soil to feed.] To afford suitable sustenance. [Obs.] Warner.

Soul

Soul, n. [OE. soule, saule, AS. s\'bewel, s\'bewl; akin to OFries. s, OS. s, D. ziel, G. seele, OHG. s, s, Icel. s\'bela, Sw. sj\'84l, Dan. si\'91l, Goth. saiwala; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to L. saeculum a lifetime, age (cf. Secular.)]

1. The spiritual, rational, and immortal part in man; that part of man which enables him to think, and which renders him a subject of moral government; -- sometimes, in distinction from the higher nature, or spirit, of man, the so-called animal soul, that is, the seat of life, the sensitive affections and phantasy, exclusive of the voluntary and rational powers; -- sometimes, in distinction from the mind, the moral and emotional part of man's nature, the seat of feeling, in distinction from intellect; -- sometimes, the intellect only; the understanding; the seat of knowledge, as distinguished from feeling. In a more general sense, "an animating, separable, surviving entity, the vehicle of individual personal existence." Tylor.

The eyes of our souls only then begin to see, when our bodily eyes are closing. Law.

2. The seat of real life or vitality; the source of action; the animating or essential part. "The hidden soul of harmony." Milton.

Thou sun, of this great world both eye and soul. Milton.

3. The leader; the inspirer; the moving spirit; the heart; as, the soul of an enterprise; an able gemeral is the soul of his army.

He is the very soul of bounty! Shak.

4. Energy; courage; spirit; fervor; affection, or any other noble manifestation of the heart or moral nature; inherent power or goodness.

That he wants algebra he must confess; But not a soul to give our arms success. Young.

5. A human being; a person; -- a familiar appellation, usually with a qualifying epithet; as, poor soul.

As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. Prov. xxv. 25.
God forbid so many simple souls Should perish by the aword! Shak.
Now mistress Gilpin (careful soul). Cowper.

6. A pure or disembodied spirit.

That to his only Son . . . every soul in heaven Shall bend the knee. Milton.
&hand; Soul is used in the formation of numerous compounds, most of which are of obvious signification; as, soul-betraying, soul-consuming, soul-destroying, soul-distracting, soul-enfeebling, soul-exalting, soul-felt, soul-harrowing, soul-piercing, soul-quickening, soul-reviving, soul-stirring, soul-subduing, soul-withering, etc. Syn. -- Spirit; life; courage; fire; ardor.

Cure of souls. See Cure, n., 2. -- Soul bell, the passing bell. Bp. Hall. -- Soul foot. See Soul scot, below. [Obs.] -- Soul scot ∨ Soul shot. [Soul + scot, or shot; cf. AS. s\'bewelsceat.] (O. Eccl. Law) A funeral duty paid in former times for a requiem for the soul. Ayliffe.

Soul

Soul (?), v. t. To indue with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Souled

Souled (?), a. Furnished with a soul; possessing soul and feeling; -- used chiefly in composition; as, great-souled Hector. "Grecian chiefs . . . largely souled." Dryden.

Soulili

Sou"li*li` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long-tailed, crested Javan monkey (Semnopithecus mitratus). The head, the crest, and the upper surface of the tail, are black.

Soulless

Soul"less (?), a. Being without a soul, or without greatness or nobleness of mind; mean; spiritless.
Slave, souless villain, dog! Shak.

Soullessly

Soul"less*ly, adv. In a soulless manner. Tylor.

Soun

Soun (?), n. & v. Sound. [Obs.] aucer.

Sound

Sound (?), n. [AS. sund a swimming, akin to E. swim. See Swim.] The air bladder of a fish; as, cod sounds are an esteemed article of food.

Sound

Sound, n. (Zo\'94l.) A cuttlefish. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Sound

Sound, a. [Compar. Sounder (?); superl. Soundest.] [OE. sound, AS. sund; akin to D. gezond, G. gesund, OHG. gisunt, Dan. & Sw. sund, and perhaps to L. sanus. Cf. Sane.]

1. Whole; unbroken; unharmed; free from flaw, defect, or decay; perfect of the kind; as, sound timber; sound fruit; a sound tooth; a sound ship.

2. Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid state; -- said of body or mind; as, a sound body; a sound constitution; a sound understanding.

3. Firm; strong; safe.

The brasswork here, how rich it is in beams, And how, besides, it makes the whole house sound. Chapman.

4. Free from error; correct; right; honest; true; faithful; orthodox; -- said of persons; as, a sound lawyer; a sound thinker.

Do not I know you a favorer Of this new seat? Ye are nor sound. Shak.

5. Founded in truth or right; supported by justice; not to be overthrown on refuted; not fallacious; as, sound argument or reasoning; a sound objection; sound doctrine; sound principles.

Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me. 2 Tim. i. 13.

6. heavy; laid on with force; as, a sound beating.

7. Undisturbed; deep; profound; as, sound sleep.

8. Founded in law; legal; valid; not defective; as, a sound title to land. &hand; Sound is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sound-headed, sound-hearted, sound-timbered, etc.

Sound currency (Com.), a currency whose actual value is the same as its nominal value; a currency which does not deteriorate or depreciate or fluctuate in comparision with the standard of values.

Sound

Sound, adv. Soundly.
So sound he slept that naught might him awake. Spenser.

Sound

Sound, n. [AS. sund a narrow sea or strait; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan. & G. sund, probably so named because it could be swum across. See Swim.] (Geog.) A narrow passage of water, or a strait between the mainland and an island; also, a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean; as, the Sound between the Baltic and the german Ocean; Long Island Sound.
The Sound of Denmark, where ships pay toll. Camden.
Sound dues, tolls formerly imposed by Denmark on vessels passing through the Baltic Sound.

Sound

Sound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sounding.] [F. sonder; cf. AS. sundgyrd a sounding rod, sundline a sounding line (see Sound a narrow passage of water).]

1. To measure the depth of; to fathom; especially, to ascertain the depth of by means of a line and plummet.

2. Fig.: To ascertain, or try to ascertain, the thoughts, motives, and purposes of (a person); to examine; to try; to test; to probe.

I was in jest, And by that offer meant to sound your breast. Dryden.
I've sounded my Numidians man by man. Addison.

3. (Med.) To explore, as the bladder or urethra, with a sound; to examine with a sound; also, to examine by auscultation or percussion; as, to sound a patient.

Page 1375

Sound

Sound (?), v. i. To ascertain the depth of water with a sounding line or other device.
I sound as a shipman soundeth in the sea with his plummet to know the depth of sea. Palsgrave.

Sound

Sound, n. [F. sonde. See Sound to fathom.] (Med.) Any elongated instrument or probe, usually metallic, by which cavities of the body are sounded or explored, especially the bladder for stone, or the urethra for a stricture.

Sound

Sound, n. [OE. soun, OF. son, sun, F. son, fr. L. sonus akin to Skr. svana sound, svan to sound, and perh. to E. swan. Cf. Assonant, Consonant, Person, Sonata, Sonnet, Sonorous, Swan.]

1. The peceived object occasioned by the impulse or vibration of a material substance affecting the ear; a sensation or perception of the mind received through the ear, and produced by the impulse or vibration of the air or other medium with which the ear is in contact; the effect of an impression made on the organs of hearing by an impulse or vibration of the air caused by a collision of bodies, or by other means; noise; report; as, the sound of a drum; the sound of the human voice; a horrid sound; a charming sound; a sharp, high, or shrill sound.

The warlike sound Of trumpets loud and clarions. Milton.

2. The occasion of sound; the impulse or vibration which would occasion sound to a percipient if present with unimpaired; hence, the theory of vibrations in elastic media such cause sound; as, a treatise on sound. &hand; In this sense, sounds are spoken of as audible and inaudible.

3. Noise without signification; empty noise; noise and nothing else.

Sense and not sound . . . must be the principle. Locke.
Sound boarding, boards for holding pugging, placed in partitions of under floors in order to deaden sounds. -- Sound bow, in a series of transverse sections of a bell, that segment against which the clapper strikes, being the part which is most efficacious in producing the sound. See Illust. of Bell. -- Sound post. (Mus.) See Sounding post, under Sounding.

Sound

Sound, v. i. [OE. sounen, sownen, OF. soner, suner, F. sonner, from L. sonare. See Sound a noise.]

1. To make a noise; to utter a voice; to make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs of hearing with a perceptible effect. "And first taught speaking trumpets how to sound." Dryden.

How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues! Shak.

2. To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published; to convey intelligence by sound.

From you sounded out the word of the Lord. 1 Thess. i. 8.

3. To make or convey a certain impression, or to have a certain import, when heard; hence, to seem; to appear; as, this reproof sounds harsh; the story sounds like an invention.

Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair? Shak.
To sound in ∨ into, to tend to; to partake of the nature of; to be consonant with. [Obs., except in the phrase To sound in damages, below.]
Soun[d]ing in moral virtue was his speech. Chaucer.
-- To sound in damages (Law), to have the essential quality of damages. This is said of an action brought, not for the recovery of a specific thing, as replevin, etc., but for damages only, as trespass, and the like.

Sound

Sound, v. t.

1. To causse to make a noise; to play on; as, to sound a trumpet or a horn.

A bagpipe well could he play and soun[d]. Chaucer.

2. To cause to exit as a sound; as, to sound a note with the voice, or on an instrument.

3. To order, direct, indicate, or proclain by a sound, or sounds; to give a signal for by a certain sound; as, to sound a retreat; to sound a parley.

The clock sounded the hour of noon. G. H. Lewes.

4. To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be reported; to publish or proclaim; as, to sound the praises of fame of a great man or a great exploit.

5. To examine the condition of (anything) by causing the same to emit sounds and noting their character; as, to sound a piece of timber; to sound a vase; to sound the lungs of a patient.

6. To signify; to import; to denote. [Obs.] Milton.

Soun[d]ing alway the increase of his winning. Chaucer.

Soundable

Sound"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being sounded.

Soundage

Sound"age (?; 48), n. Dues for soundings.

Sound-board

Sound"-board` (?), n. A sounding-board.
To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes. Milton.

Sounder

Sound"er (?), n. One who, or that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being read by sound.

Sounder

Sound"er, n. (Zo\'94l.) A herd of wild hogs.

Sounding

Sound"ing, a. Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding words. Dryden.

Sounding

Sound"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sounds (in any of the senses of the several verbs).

2. (Naut.) [From Sound to fathom.] (a) measurement by sounding; also, the depth so ascertained. (b) Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding line will reach the bottom; -- usually in the plural. (c) The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the sounding lead when it has touched bottom.

Sounding lead, the plummet at the end of a sounding line. -- Sounding line, a line having a plummet at the end, used in making soundings. -- Sounding post (Mus.), a small post in a violin, violoncello, or similar instrument, set under the bridge as a support, for propagating the sounds to the body of the instrument; -- called also sound post. -- Sounding rod (Naut.), a rod used to ascertain the depth of water in a ship's hold. -- In soundings, within the eighty-fathom line. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Sounding-board

Sound"ing-board` (?), n.

1. (Mus.) A thin board which propagates the sound in a piano, in a violin, and in some other musical instruments.

2. A board or structure placed behind or over a pulpit or rostrum to give distinctness to a speaker's voice.

3. pl. See Sound boarding, under Sound, a noise.

Soundless

Sound"less (?), a. Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable. Shak.

Soundless

Sound"less, a. Having no sound; noiseless; silent. -- Sound"less*ly, adv. -- Sound"less*ness, n.

Soundly

Sound"ly, adv. In a sound manner.

Soundness

Sound"ness, n. The quality or state of being sound; as, the soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, etc.; the soundness of reasoning or argument; soundness of faith. Syn. -- Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth; rectitude.

Soune

Soune (?), v. t. & i. To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sounst

Sounst (?), a. Soused. See Souse. [Obs.]

Soup

Soup (?), n. [F. soupe, OF. sope, supe, soupe, perhaps originally, a piece of bread; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D. sop sop, G. suppe soup. See Sop something dipped in a liquid, and cf. Supper.] A liquid food of many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and vegetables, or either of them, in water, -- commonly seasoned or flavored; strong broth. Soup kitchen, an establishment for preparing and supplying soup to the poor. -- Soup ticket, a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving soup at a soup kitchen.

Soup

Soup, v. t. To sup or swallow. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Soup

Soup, v. t. To breathe out. [Obs.] amden.

Soup

Soup, v. t. To sweep. See Sweep, and Swoop. [Obs.]

Soupe-maigre

Soupe`-mai"gre (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) Soup made chiefly from vegetables or fish with a little butter and a few condiments.

Souple

Sou"ple (?), n. That part of a flail which strikes the grain. Knight.

Soupy

Soup"y (?), a. Resembling soup; souplike.

Sour

Sour (?), a. [Compar. Sourer (?); superl. Sourest.] [OE. sour, sur, AS. s; akin to D. zuur, G. sauer, OHG. s, Icel. s, Sw. sur, Dan. suur, Lith. suras salt, Russ. surovui harsh, rough. Cf. Sorrel, the plant.]

1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and the juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart.

All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite. Bacon.

2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or musty, turned.

3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish; morose; as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. "A sour countenance." Swift.

He was a scholar . . . Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But to those men that sought him sweet as summer. Shak.

4. Afflictive; painful. "Sour adversity." Shak.

5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh.

Sour dock (Bot.), sorrel. -- Sour gourd (Bot.), the gourdlike fruit Adansonia Gregorii, and A. digitata; also, either of the trees bearing this fruit. See Adansonia. -- Sour grapes. See under Grape. -- Sour gum (Bot.) See Turelo. -- Sour plum (Bot.), the edible acid fruit of an Australian tree (Owenia venosa); also, the tree itself, which furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights. Syn. -- Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious; crabbed; currish; peevish.

Sour

Sour, n. A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect. Spenser.

Sour

Sour, v. t. [AS. s to sour, to become sour.]

1. To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; as, exposure to the air sours many substances.

So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the grape, the liquor sours. Swift.

2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil. Mortimer.

3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable.

To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is dead. Shak.

4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. "Souring his cheeks." Shak.

Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart. Harte.

5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to sour lime for business purposes.

Sour

Sour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Souring.] To become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon sours in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in adversity.
They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity. Addison.

Source

Source (?), n. [OE. sours, OF. sourse, surse, sorse, F. source, fr. OF. sors, p.p. of OF. sordre, surdre, sourdre, to spring forth or up, F. sourdre, fr. L. surgere to lift or raise up, to spring up. See Surge, and cf. Souse to plunge or swoop as a bird upon its prey.]

1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.]

Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air, right so prayers . . . Maken their sours to Goddes ears two. Chaucer.

2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain.

Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and his sours. Chaucer.
Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile. Addison.

3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause.

This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself. Locke.
The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense. Pope.
Syn. -- See Origin.

Sourcrout

Sour"crout` (?), n. See Sauerkraut.

Sourde

Sourde (?), v. i. [F. sourdre. See Source.] To have origin or source; to rise; to spring. [Obs.]
Now might men ask whereof that pride sourdeth. Chaucer.

Souring

Sour"ing (?), n. (Bot.) Any sour apple.

Sourish

Sour"ish, a. Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as, sourish fruit; a sourish taste.

Sourkrout

Sour"krout` (?), n. Same as Sauerkraut.

Sourly

Sour"ly, adv. In a sour manner; with sourness.

Sourness

Sour"ness, n. The quality or state of being sour.

Sours

Sours (?), n. Source. See Source. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Soursop

Sour"sop` (?), n. (Bot.) The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree (Anona muricata) of the West Indies; also, the tree itself. It is closely allied to the custard apple.

Sourwood

Sour"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The sorrel tree.

Sous, Souse

Sous, Souse (F. s&oomac;; colloq. Eng. sous), n. A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.

Souse

Souse (?), n. [OF. sausse. See Sauce.] [Written also souce, sowce, and sowse.]

1. Pickle made with salt.

2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.

And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse. Tusser.

3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.]

4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.

Souse

Souse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sousing.] [Cf. F. saucer to wet with sauce. See Souse pickle.]

1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. "A soused gurnet." Shak.

2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid.

They soused me over head and ears in water. Addison.

3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly.

Although I be well soused in this shower. Gascoigne.

Souse

Souse, v. i. [Probably fr. OF. sors, p.p. of sordre to rise, and first used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in general, but also confused with Souse, v. t. See Source.] To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack.
For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main. Marston.
Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare. J. Dryden. Jr.

Souse

Souse, v. t. To pounce upon. [R.]
[The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse annoyance that comes near his nest. Shak.

Souse

Souse, n. The act of sousing, or swooping.
As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near. Spenser.

Souse

Souse, adv. With a sudden swoop; violently. Young.

Souslik

Sous"lik (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Suslik.

Sout

Sout (?), n. Soot. [Obs.] Spenser.

Soutache

Sou`tache" (?), n. [F.] A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; -- also known as Russian braid.

Soutage

Sout"age (? ∨ ?; 48), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] That in which anything is packed; bagging, as for hops. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Soutane

Sou`tane" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. sotana, or It. sottana, LL. subtana, fr. L. subtus below, beneath, fr. sub under.] (Eccl. Costume) A close garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching to the ankles, and buttoned in front from top to bottom; especially, the black garment of this shape worn by the clergy in France and Italy as their daily dress; a cassock.

Souter

Sou"ter (?), n. [AS. s, fr. It. sutor, fr. suere to sew.] A shoemaker; a cobbler. [Obs.] Chaucer.
There is no work better than another to please God: . . . to wash dishes, to be a souter, or an apostle, -- all is one. Tyndale.

Souterly

Sou"ter*ly, a. Of or pertaining to a cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler; hence, vulgar; low. [Obs.]

Souterrain

Sou"ter*rain (?), n. [F. See Subterranean.] A grotto or cavern under ground. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

South

South (?; by sailors sou), n. [OE. south, suþ, AS. s&umac;&edh; for sun&edh;; akin to D. zuid, OHG. sund, G. s\'81d, s\'81den, Icel. su&edh;r, sunnr, Dan. syd, s\'94nden, Sw. syd, s\'94der, sunnan; all probably akin to E. sun, meaning, the side towards the sun. &root;297. See Sun.]

1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who faces the east.

2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than another; the southern section of a country. "The queen of the south." Matt. xii. 42.

3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.

4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] Shak.

South

South, a. Lying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole. "At the south entry." Shak. South-Sea tea (Bot.) See Yaupon.

South

South, adv.

1. Toward the south; southward.

2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. Bacon.

South

South (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Southed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Southing.]

1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south.

2. (Astron.) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line; -- said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon souths at nine.

Southcottian

South*cot"ti*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Joanna Southcott (1750-1814), an Englishwoman who, professing to have received a miraculous calling, preached and prophesied, and committed many impious absurdities.

Southdown

South"down` (?), a. Of or pertaining to the South Downs, a range of pasture hills south of the Thames, in England. Southdown sheep (Zo\'94l.), a celebrated breed of shortwooled, hornless sheep, highly valued on account of the delicacy of their flesh. So called from the South Downs where the breed originated.

Southdown

South"down`, n. A Southdown sheep.
Page 1376

Southeast

South`east" (?; by sailors sou"-), n. The point of the compass equally distant from the south and the east; the southeast part or region.

Southeast

South`east (?; by sailors sou"-), a. Of or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or coming from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a southeast wind.

Southeaster

South`east"er (?), n. A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.

Southeaster

South`east"er, adv. Toward the southeast.

Southeastern

South`east"ern (?), a. Of or pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.

Southeastward, Southeastwardly

South`east"ward (?), South`east"ward*ly, adv. Toward the southeast.

Souther

South"er (?), n. A strong wind, gale, or storm from the south.

Southerliness

South"er*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being southerly; direction toward the south.

Southerly

South"er*ly (?; 277), a. Southern.

Southern

South"ern (?; 277), a. [AS. s. See South.] Of or pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding from, the south; situated or proceeding toward the south. Southern Cross (Astron.), a constellation of the southern hemisphere containing several bright stars so related in position as to resemble a cross. -- Southern Fish (Astron.), a constelation of the southern hemisphere (Piscis Australis) containing the bright star Fomalhaut. -- Southern States (U.S. Hist. & Geog.), the States of the American Union lying south of Pennsylvania and the Ohio River, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Before the Civil War, Missouri also, being a slave State, was classed as one of the Southern States.

Southern

South"ern, n. A Southerner. [R.]

Southerner

South"ern*er (?), n. An inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern States of North America; opposed to Northerner.

Southernliness

South"ern*li*ness (?), n. Southerliness.

Southernly

South"ern*ly (?), a. Somewhat southern. -- adv. In a southerly manner or course; southward.

Southernmost

South"ern*most` (?), a. Farthest south.

Southernwood

South"ern*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrubby species of wormwood (Artemisia Abrotanum) having aromatic foliage. It is sometimes used in making beer.

Southing

South"ing (?; 277), n.

1. Tendency or progress southward; as, the southing of the sun. Emerson.

2. The time at which the moon, or other heavenly body, passes the meridian of a place.

3. (Astron.) Distance of any heavenly body south of the equator; south declination; south latitude.

4. (Surv. & Navigation) Distance southward from any point departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; -- opposed to northing.

Southly

South"ly (?), adv. Southerly. [Obs. & R.]

Southmost

South"most` (?), a. Farthest toward the south; southernmost. [R.] Milton.

Southness

South"ness, n. A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point toward the south pole. Faraday.

Southren

South"ren (?), a. Southern. [Obs.] "I am a Southren man." Chaucer.

Southron

South"ron (?), n. An inhabitant of the more southern part of a country; formerly, a name given in Scotland to any Englishman.

Southsay

South"say` (?), v. i. See Soothsay. [Obs.]

Southsayer

South"say`er (?), n. See Soothsayer. [Obs.]

South southerly

South` south"er*ly (?). (Zo\'94l.) the old squaw; -- so called in imitation of its cry. Called also southerly, and southerland. See under Old.

Southward; colloq. South"ward (?; colloq. South"wards (?; colloq. , adv. Toward the south, or toward a point nearer the south than the east or west point; as, to go southward.

Southward

South"ward, a. Toward the south.

Southward

South"ward, n. The southern regions or countries; the south. Sir W. Raleigh.

Southwardly

South"ward*ly, adv. In a southern direction.

Southwest

South`west (?; colloq. sou"-.), n. The point of the compass equally from the south and the west; the southwest part or region.

Southwest

South`west", a. Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the southwest; proceeding toward the southwest; coming from the southwest; as, a southwest wind.

Southwester

South`west"er (?; colloq. , n.

1. A storm, gale, or strong wind from the southwest.

2. A hat made of painted canvas, oiled cloth, or the like, with a flap at the back, -- worn in stormy weather.

Southwesterly

South`west"er*ly, a. To ward or from the southwest; as, a southwesterly course; a southwesterly wind.

Southwestern

South`west"ern (?), a. Of or pertaining to the southwest; southwesterly; as, to sail a southwestern course.

Southwestward, Southwestwardly

South`west"ward (?), South`west"ward*ly, adv. Toward the southwest.

Souvenance, Sovenaunce

Sou"ve*nance (?), So"ve*naunce (?), n. [F. souvenance.] Remembrance. [Obs.]
Of his way he had no sovenance. Spenser.

Souvenir

Sou`ve*nir (? ∨ ?), n. [F., fr. souvenir to remember, fr. L. subvenire to come up, come to mind; sub under + venire to come, akin to E. come. See Come, and cf. Subvention.] That which serves as a reminder; a remembrancer; a memento; a keepsake.

Sovereign

Sov"er*eign (? ∨ ?; 277), a. [OE. soverain, sovereyn, OF. soverain, suvrain, F. souverain, LL. superanus, fr. L. superus that is above, upper, higher, fr. super above. See Over, Super, and cf. Soprano. The modern spelling is due to a supposed connection with reign.]

1. Supreme or highest in power; superior to all others; chief; as, our sovereign prince.

2. Independent of, and unlimited by, any other; possessing, or entitled to, original authority or jurisdiction; as, a sovereign state; a sovereign discretion.

3. Princely; royal. "Most sovereign name." Shak.

At Babylon was his sovereign see. Chaucer.

4. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.

We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good. Hooker.

5. Efficacious in the highest degree; effectual; controlling; as, a sovereign remedy. Dryden.

Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the regulation of the lives and actions of men. South.

Sovereign state, a state which administers its own government, and is not dependent upon, or subject to, another power.

Sovereign

Sov"er*eign (? ∨ ?; 277), n.

1. The person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; especially, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or emperor.

No question is to be made but that the bed of the Mississippi belongs to the sovereign, that is, to the nation. Jefferson.

2. A gold coin of Great Britain, on which an effigy of the head of the reigning king or queen is stamped, valued at one pound sterling, or about $4.86.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalidi, or genus Basilarchia, as the ursula and the viceroy. Syn. -- King; prince; monarch; potentate; emperor.

Sovereignize

Sov"er*eign*ize (?), v. i. To exercise supreme authority. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Sovereignly

Sov"er*eign*ly, adv. In a sovereign manner; in the highest degree; supremely. Chaucer.

Sovereignty

Sov"er*eign*ty (?), n.; pl. Sovereignties (#). [OE. soverainetee, OF. sovrainet\'82, F. souverainet\'82.] The quality or state of being sovereign, or of being a sovereign; the exercise of, or right to exercise, supreme power; dominion; sway; supremacy; independence; also, that which is sovereign; a sovereign state; as, Italy was formerly divided into many sovereignties.
Woman desiren to have sovereignty As well over their husband as over their love. Chaucer.

Sovran

Sov"ran (?), a. A variant of Sovereign. [Poetic]
On thy bald, awful head, O sovran Blanc. Coleridge.

Sow

Sow (?), v. i. To sew. See Sew. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sow

Sow (?), n. [OE. sowe, suwe, AS. sugu, akin to s&umac;, D. zog, zeug, OHG. s&umac;, G. sau, Icel. s&ymac;r, Dan. so, Sw. sugga, so, L. sus. Gr. "y^s, sy^s, Zend. hu boar; probably from the root seen in Skr. s&umac; to beget, to bear; the animal being named in allusion to its fecundity. &root;294. Cf. Hyena, Soil to stain, Son, Swine.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The female of swine, or of the hog kind.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A sow bug.

3. (Metal.) (a) A channel or runner which receives the rows of molds in the pig bed. (b) The bar of metal which remains in such a runner. (c) A mass of solidified metal in a furnace hearth; a salamander.

4. (Mil.) A kind of covered shed, formerly used by besiegers in filling up and passing the ditch of a besieged place, sapping and mining the wall, or the like. Craig.

Sow bread. (Bot.) See Cyclamen. -- Sow bug, ∨ Sowbug (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of terrestrial Isopoda belonging to Oniscus, Porcellio, and allied genera of the family Oniscid\'91. They feed chiefly on decaying vegetable substances. -- Sow thistle [AS. sugepistel] (Bot.), a composite plant (Sonchus oleraceus) said to be eaten by swine and some other animals.

Sow

Sow (?), v. t. [imp. Sowed (?); p. p. Sown (?) or Sowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sowing.] [OE. sowen, sawen, AS. s\'bewan; akin to OFries. s, D. zaaijen, OS. & HG. s\'bejan, G. s\'84en, Icel. s\'be, Sw. s\'86, Dan. saae, Goth. saian, Lith. s&emac;ti, Russ. sieiate, L. serere, sevi. Cf. Saturday, Season, Seed, Seminary.]

1. To scatter, as seed, upon the earth; to plant by strewing; as, to sow wheat. Also used figuratively: To spread abroad; to propagate. "He would sow some difficulty." Chaucer.

A sower went forth to sow; and when he sowed, some seeds fell by the wayside. Matt. xiii. 3, 4.
And sow dissension in the hearts of brothers. Addison.

2. To scatter seed upon, in, or over; to supply or stock, as land, with seeds. Also used figuratively: To scatter over; to besprinkle.

The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, . . . and it is the worst husbandry in the world to sow it with trifles. Sir M. Hale.
[He] sowed with stars the heaven. Milton.
Now morn . . . sowed the earth with orient pearl. Milton.

Sow

Sow, v. i. To scatter seed for growth and the production of a crop; -- literally or figuratively.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joi. Ps. cxxvi. 5.

Sowans

Sow"ans (? ∨ ?), n. pl. See Sowens.

Sowar

Sow"ar (?), n. [Per. saw\'ber a horseman.] In India, a mounted soldier.

Sowbane

Sow"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) The red goosefoot (Chenopodium rubrum), -- said to be fatal to swine.

Sowce

Sowce (?), n. & v. See Souse. [Obs.]

Sowdan

Sow"dan (?), n. [F. soudan. See Soldan.] Sultan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sowdanesse

Sow"dan*esse` (?), n. A sultaness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sowens

Sow"ens (? ∨ ?), n. pl. [Scottish; cf. AS. se\'a0w juice, glue, paste.] A nutritious article of food, much used in Scotland, made from the husk of the oat by a process not unlike that by which common starch is made; -- called flummery in England. [Written also sowans, and sowins.]

Sower

Sow"er (?), n. One who, or that which, sows.

Sowins

Sow"ins (? ∨ ?), n. pl. See Sowens.

Sowl, Sowle

Sowl, Sowle (?), v. t. [Cf. prov. G. zaulen, zauseln, G. zausen to tug, drag.] To pull by the ears; to drag about. [Obs.] hak.

Sowl

Sowl, v. i. See Soul, v. i. [Obs.]

Sown

Sown (?), p. p. of Sow.

Sowne

Sowne (?), v. t. & i. To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sowse

Sowse (?), n. & v. See Souse. [Obs.] ryden.

Sowter

Sow"ter (?), n. See Souter. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Soy

Soy (?), n. [Chinese sh\'d3y\'d4.]

1. A Chinese and Japanese liquid sauce for fish, etc., made by subjecting boiled beans (esp. soja beans), or beans and meal, to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water.

2. (Bot.) The soja, a kind of bean. See Soja.

Soyle

Soyle (?), v. t. [Aphetic form of assoil.] To solve, to clear up; as, to soyl all other texts. [Obs.] Tyndate.

Soyle

Soyle, n. [Cf. Soil to feed.] Prey. [Obs.] Spenser.

Soyned

Soyn"ed (? ∨ ?), a. [F. soigner to care.] Filled with care; anxious. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

Sozzle

Soz"zle (?), v. t. [Freq. from soss, v.]

1. To splash or wet carelessly; as, to sozzle the feet in water. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

2. To heap up in confusion. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

Sozzle

Soz"zle, n.

1. One who spills water or other liquids carelessly; specifically, a sluttish woman. [Local, U.S.]

2. A mass, or heap, confusedly mingled. [Prov. Eng.]

Spa

Spa (?; 277), n. A spring or mineral water; -- so called from a place of this name in Belgium.

Spaad

Spaad (?), n. [Cf. G. spath spar. See Spar the mineral.] (Min.) A kind of spar; earth flax, or amianthus. [Obs.] oodward.

Space

Space (?), n. [OE. space, F. espace, from L. spatium space; cf. Gr. span. Cf. Expatiate.]

1. Extension, considered independently of anything which it may contain; that which makes extended objects conceivable and possible.

Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor motion. Locke.

2. Place, having more or

They gave him chase, and hunted him as hare; Long had he no space to dwell [in]. R. of Brunne.
While I have time and space. Chaucer.

3. A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one thing to another; an interval between any two or more objects; as, the space between two stars or two hills; the sound was heard for the space of a mile.

Put a space betwixt drove and drove. Gen. xxxii. 16.

4. Quantity of time; an interval between two points of time; duration; time. "Grace God gave him here, this land to keep long space." R. of brunne.

Nine times the space that measures day and night. Milton.
God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people a longer space of repentance. Tillotson.

5. A short time; a while. [R.] "To stay your deadly strife a space." Spenser.

6. Walk; track; path; course. [Obs.]

This ilke [same] monk let old things pace, And held after the new world the space. Chaucer.

7. (print.) (a) A small piece of metal cast lower than a face type, so as not to receive the ink in printing, -- used to separate words or letters. (b) The distance or interval between words or letters in the lines, or between lines, as in books. &hand; Spaces are of different thicknesses to enable the compositor to arrange the words at equal distances from each other in the same line.

8. (Mus.) One of the intervals, or open places, between the lines of the staff.

Absolute space, Euclidian space, etc. See under Absolute, Euclidian, etc. -- Space line (Print.), a thin piece of metal used by printers to open the lines of type to a regular distance from each other, and for other purposes; a lead. Hansard. -- Space rule (Print.), a fine, thin, short metal rule of the same height as the type, used in printing short lines in tabular matter.

Space

Space, v. i. [Cf. OF. espacier, L. spatiari. See Space, n.] To walk; to rove; to roam. [Obs.]
And loved in forests wild to space. Spenser.

Space

Space, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spacong (?).] [Cf. F. espacer. See Space, n.] (Print.) To arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space words, lines, or letters.

Spaceful

Space"ful (?), a. Wide; extensive. Sandys.

Spaceless

Space"less, a. Without space. Coleridge.

Spacial

Spa"cial (?), a. See Spatial.

Spacially

Spa"cial*ly, adv. See Spatially. Sir W,Hamilton.

Spacious

Spa"cious (?), a. [L. spatiousus: cf. F. spacieux. See Space, n.]

1. Extending far and wide; vast in extent. "A spacious plain outstretched in circuit wide." Milton.

2. Inclosing an extended space; having large or ample room; not contracted or narrow; capacious; roomy; as, spacious bounds; a spacious church; a spacious hall. -- Spa"cious*ly, adv. -- Spa"cious*ness, n.

Spadassin

Spa`das`sin" (?), n. [F., fr. It. spadaccino a swordsman, from spada a sword.] A bravo; a bully; a duelist. Ld. Lytton.

Spaddle

Spad"dle (?), n. A little spade. [Obs.]

Spade

Spade (?), n. [Cf. Spay, n.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A hart or stag three years old. [Written also spaid, spayade.]

2. [Cf. L. spado.] A castrated man or beast.

Spade

Spade, n. [AS. sp\'91d; spada; akin to D. spade, G. spaten, Icel. spa&edh;i, Dan. & Sw. spade, L. spatha a spatula, a broad two-edged sword, a spathe, Gr. spa`qh. Cf. Epaulet, Spade at cards, Spathe, Spatula.]

1. An implement for digging or cutting the ground, consisting usually of an oblong and nearly rectangular blade of iron, with a handle like that of a shovel. "With spade and pickax armed." Milton.

2. [Sp. espada, literally, a sword; -- so caused because these cards among the Spanish bear the figure of a sword. Sp. espada is fr. L. spatha, Gr. spa`qh. See the Etymology above.] One of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more figures resembling a spade.

"Let spades be trumps!" she said. Pope.

3. A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale.

Spade bayonet, a bayonet with a broad blade which may be used digging; -- called also trowel bayonet. -- Spade handle (Mach.), the forked end of a connecting rod in which a pin is held at both ends. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle.
Page 1377

Spade

Spade (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Spading.] To dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a spade.

Spadebone

Spade"bone` (, n. Shoulder blade. [Prov. Eng.]

Spadefish

Spade"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American market fish (Ch\'91todipterus faber) common on the southern coasts; -- called also angel fish, moonfish, and porgy.

Spadefoot

Spade"foot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of burrowing toads of the genus Scaphiopus, esp. S. Holbrookii, of the Eastern United States; -- called also spade toad.

Spadeful

Spade"ful (?), n.; pl. Spadefuls (#). [Spade + full.] As much as a spade will hold or lift.

Spader

Spad"er (?), n. One who, or that which, spades; specifically, a digging machine.

Spadiceous

Spa*di"ceous (?), a. [L. spadix, -icis, a date-brown or nut-brown color. See Spadix.]

1. Of a bright clear brown or chestnut color. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Bot.) Bearing flowers on a spadix; of the nature of a spadix.

Spadicose

Spa"di*cose` (?), a. (Bot.) Spadiceous.

Spadille

Spa*dille" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. espadilla, dim. of espada. See Spade a card.] (Card Playing) The ace of spades in omber and quadrille.

Spadix

Spa"dix (?), n.; pl. L. Spadices (#), E. Spadixes (#). [L., a palm branch broken off, with its fruit, Gr.

1. (Bot.) A fleshy spike of flowers, usually inclosed in a leaf called a spathe.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A special organ of the nautilus, due to a modification of the posterior tentacles.

Spado

Spa"do (?), n.; pl. Spadones (#). [L., fr. Gr.

1. Same as Spade, 2.

2. (Law) An impotent person.

Spadroon

Spa*droon" (?), n. [Cf. F. & Sp. espadon, It. spadone. See Espadon, Spade.] A sword, especially a broadsword, formerly used both to cut and thrust.

Spae

Spae (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spaeing.] [Scot. spae, spay, to foretell, to divine, Icel. sp\'be.] To foretell; to divine. [Scot.]

Spaeman

Spae"man (?), n. A prophet; a diviner. [Scot.]

Spaewife

Spae"wife` (?), n. A female fortune teller. [Scot.]

Spaghetti

Spa*ghet"ti (?), n. [It.] A variety or macaroni made in tubes of small diameter.

Spagyric, Spagyrical

Spa*gyr"ic (?), Spa*gyr"ic*al (?), a. [LL. sparygicus, fr. Gr. spagirique.] Chemical; alchemical. [Obs.]

Spagyric

Spa*gyr"ic, n. A spagyrist. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Spagyrist

Spag"y*rist (?), n. [Cf. F. spagiriste.]

1. A chemist, esp. one devoted to alchemistic pursuits. [Obs.]

2. One of a sect which arose in the days of alchemy, who sought to discover remedies for disease by chemical means. The spagyrists historically preceded the iatrochemists. Encyc. Brit.

Spahi, Spahee

Spa"hi (?), Spa"hee, n. [Per., Turk., & Hind. sip\'beh\'c6: cf. F. spahi. See Seroy.]

1. Formerly, one of the Turkish cavalry.

2. An Algerian cavalryman in the French army.

Spaid

Spaid (?), n. See 1st Spade.

Spake

Spake (?), archaic imp. of Speak.

Spakenet

Spake"net` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A net for catching crabs. Halliwell.

Spaky

Spak"y (?), a. Specky. [Obs.] hapman.

Spalding knife

Spald"ing knife` (?). A spalting knife.

Spale

Spale (?), n. [Cf. Spell a splinter.]

1. A lath; a shaving or chip, as of wood or stone. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. (Shipbuilding) A strengthening cross timber.

Spall

Spall (?), n. [OF. espaule; cf. It. spalla. See Epaule.] The shoulder. [Obs.] Spenser.

Spall

Spall, n. [Prov. E. spall, spell. See Spale, Spell a splinter.] A chip or fragment, especially a chip of stone as struck off the block by the hammer, having at least one feather-edge.

Spall

Spall, v. t.

1. (Mining) To break into small pieces, as ore, for the purpose of separating from rock. Pryce.

2. (Masonry) To reduce, as irregular blocks of stone, to an approximately level surface by hammering.

Spall

Spall, v. i. To give off spalls, or wedge-shaped chips; -- said of stone, as when badly set, with the weight thrown too much on the outer surface.

Spalpeen

Spal"peen (?), n. [Ir. spailpin, fr. spailp a beau, pride, self-conceit.] A scamp; an Irish term for a good-for-nothing fellow; -- often used in good-humored contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.]

Spalt

Spalt (?), n. [Cf. G. spaltstein, from spalten to split. See 1st Spell.] (Metal.) Spelter. [Colloq.]

Spalt

Spalt, a. [See 1st Spell.]

1. Liable to break or split; brittle; as, spalt timber. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy. [Prov. Eng.]

Spalt

Spalt, v. t. & i. [Cf. OE. spalden. See Spalt, a.] To split off; to cleave off, as chips from a piece of timber, with an ax. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

Spalting knife

Spalt"ing knife` (?). A knife used in splitting codfish. [Written also spalding knife.]

Span

Span (?), archaic imp. & p. p. of Spin.

Span

Span, n. [AS. spann; akin to D. span, OHG. spanna, G. spanne, Icel. sp\'94nn. &root;170. See Span, v. t. ]

1. The space from the thumb to the end of the little finger when extended; nine inches; eighth of a fathom.

2. Hence, a small space or a brief portion of time.

Yet not to earth's contracted span Thy goodness let me bound. Pope.
Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy. Farquhar.

3. The spread or extent of an arch between its abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between its supports.

4. (Naut.) A rope having its ends made fast so that a purchase can be hooked to the bight; also, a rope made fast in the center so that both ends can be used.

5. [Cf. D. span, Sw. spann, Dan. sp\'91nd, G. gespann. See Span, v. t. ] A pair of horses or other animals driven together; usually, such a pair of horses when similar in color, form, and action.

Span blocks (Naut.), blocks at the topmast and topgallant-mast heads, for the studding-sail halyards. -- Span counter, an old English child's game, in which one throws a counter on the ground, and another tries to hit it with his counter, or to get his counter so near it that he can span the space between them, and touch both the counters. Halliwell. "Henry V., in whose time boys went to span counter for French crowns." Shak. -- Span iron (Naut.), a special kind of harpoon, usually secured just below the gunwale of a whaleboat. -- Span roof, a common roof, having two slopes and one ridge, with eaves on both sides. Gwilt. -- Span shackle (Naut.), a large bolt driven through the forecastle deck, with a triangular shackle in the head to receive the heel of the old-fashioned fish davit. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Span

Span (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spanning.] [AS. pannan; akin to D. & G. spannen, OHG. spannan, Sw. sp\'84nna, Dan. sp\'91nde, Icel. spenna, and perh. to Gr. spatium space. &root;170. Cf. Spin, v. t., Space, Spasm.]

1. To measure by the span of the hand with the fingers extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object; as, to span a space or distance; to span a cylinder.

My right hand hath spanned the heavens. Isa. xiviii. 13.

2. To reach from one side of to the order; to stretch over as an arch.

The rivers were spanned by arches of solid masonry. prescott.

3. To fetter, as a horse; to hobble.

Span

Span, v. i. To be matched, as horses. [U. S.]

Span\'91mia

Spa*n\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of impoverishment of the blood; a morbid state in which the red corpuscles, or other important elements of the blood, are deficient. <-- [Obs.] this and next word not in Stedman's. Presumably succeded by anaemia, which is in this dictionary. Why no cross-ref? -->

Span\'91mic

Spa*n\'91"mic (? ∨ ?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to span\'91mia; having impoverished blood.

Spancel

Span"cel (?), n. [Perhaps span + AS. s\'bel a rope.] A rope used for tying or hobbling the legs of a horse or cow. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.] <-- different usage in White's "Once and future king" --> Grose.

Spancel

Span"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanceled (?) or Spancelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Spanceling ∨ Spancelling.] To tie or hobble with a spancel. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.] Malone. <-- Spandex. An elastic textile material, used for clothing -->

Spandogs

Span"dogs` (?), n. pl. A pair of grappling dogs for hoisting logs and timber.

Spandrel

Span"drel (?), n. [From Span.]

1. (Arch.) The irregular triangular space between the curve of an arch and the inclosing right angle; or the space between the outer moldings of two contiguous arches and a horizontal line above them, or another arch above and inclosing them.

2. A narrow mat or passe partout for a picture. [Cant]

Spane

Spane (?), v. t. [Akin to G. sp\'84nen, LG. & D. spennen, AS. spanu a teat.] To wean. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Spang

Spang (?), v. t. To spangle. [Obs.]

Spang

Spang, v. i. To spring; to bound; to leap. [Scot.]
But when they spang o'er reason's fence, We smart for't at our own expense. Ramsay.

Spang

Spang, n. A bound or spring. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Spang

Spang, n. [AS. spange a clasp or fastening; akin to D. spang, G. spange, OHG. spanga, Icel. sp\'94ng a spangle.] A spangle or shining ornament. [Obs.]
With glittering spangs that did like stars appear. Spenser.

Spangle

Span"gle (?), n. [OE. spangel, dim. of AS. spange. See Spang a spangle.]

1. A small plate or boss of shining metal; something brilliant used as an ornament, especially when stitched on the dress.

2. Figuratively, any little thing that sparkless. "The rich spangles that adorn the sky." Waller.

Oak spangle. See under Oak.

Spangle

Span"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spangling (?).] To set or sprinkle with, or as with, spangles; to adorn with small, distinct, brilliant bodies; as, a spangled breastplate. Donne.
What stars do spangle heaven with such beauty? Shak.
Spangled coquette (Zo\'94l.), a tropical humming bird (Lophornis regin\'91). See Coquette, 2.

Spangle

Span"gle, v. i. To show brilliant spots or points; to glisten; to glitter.
Some men by feigning words as dark as mine Make truth to spangle, and its rays to shine. Bunyan.

Spangler

Span"gler (?), n. One who, or that which, spangles.

Spangly

Span"gly (?), a. Resembling, or consisting of, spangles; glittering; as, spangly light.

Spaniard

Span"iard (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Spain.

Spaniel

Span"iel (?), n. [OF. espagneul, F. \'82pagneul, espagnol Spanish, Sp. espa\'a4nol, fr. Espa\'a4a Spain, from L. Hispania.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) One of a breed of small dogs having long and thick hair and large drooping ears. The legs are usually strongly feathered, and the tail bushy. See Illust. under Clumber, and Cocker. &hand; There are several varieties of spaniels, some of which, known as field spaniels, are used in hunting; others are used for toy or pet dogs, as the Blenheim spaniel, and the King Charles spaniel (see under Blenheim). Of the field spaniels, the larger kinds are called springers, and to these belong the Sussex, Norfolk, and Clumber spaniels (see Clumber). The smaller field spaniels, used in hunting woodcock, are called cocker spaniels (see Cocker). Field spaniels are remarkable for their activity and intelligence.

As a spaniel she will on him leap. Chaucer.

2. A cringing, fawning person. Shak.

Spaniel

Span"iel (?), a. Cringing; fawning. Shak.

Spaniel

Span"iel, v. i. To fawn; to cringe; to be obsequious. [R.] Churchill.

Spaniel

Span"iel, v. t. To follow like a spaniel. [R.]

Spanish

Span"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Spain or the Spaniards. Spanish bayonet (Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Yucca alorifolia) with rigid spine-tipped leaves. The name is also applied to other similar plants of the Southwestern United States and mexico. Called also Spanish daggers. -- Spanish bean (Bot.) See the Note under Bean. -- Spanish black, a black pigment obtained by charring cork. Ure. -- Spanish broom (Bot.), a leguminous shrub (Spartium junceum) having many green flexible rushlike twigs. -- Spanish brown, a species of earth used in painting, having a dark reddish brown color, due to the presence of sesquioxide of iron. -- Spanish buckeye (Bot.), a small tree (Ungnadia speciosa) of Texas, New Mexico, etc., related to the buckeye, but having pinnate leaves and a three-seeded fruit. -- Spanish burton (Naut.), a purchase composed of two single blocks. A double Spanish burton has one double and two single blocks. Luce (Textbook of Seamanship). -- Spanish chalk (Min.), a kind of steatite; -- so called because obtained from Aragon in Spain. -- Spanish cress (Bot.), a cruciferous plant (lepidium Cadamines), a species of peppergrass. -- Spanish curiew (Zo\'94l.), the long-billed curlew. [U.S.] -- Spanish daggers (Bot.) See Spanish bayonet. -- Spanish elm (Bot.), a large West Indian tree (Cordia Gerascanthus) furnishing hard and useful timber. -- Spanish feretto, a rich reddish brown pigment obtained by calcining copper and sulphur together in closed crucibles. -- Spanish flag (Zo\'94l.), the California rockfish (Sebastichthys rubrivinctus). It is conspicuously colored with bands of red and white. -- Spanish fly (Zo\'94l.), a brilliant green beetle, common in the south of Europe, used for raising blisters. See Blister beetle under Blister, and Cantharis. -- Spanish fox (Naut.), a yarn twisted against its lay. -- Spanish grass. (Bot.) See Esparto. -- Spanish juice (Bot.), licorice. -- Spanish leather. See Cordwain. -- Spanish mackerel. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A species of mackerel (Scomber colias) found both in Europe and America. In America called chub mackerel, big-eyed mackerel, and bull mackerel. (b) In the United States, a handsome mackerel having bright yellow round spots (Scomberomorus maculatus), highly esteemed as a food fish. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to other species. See Illust. under Mackerel. -- Spanish main, the name formerly given to the southern portion of the Caribbean Sea, together with the contiguous coast, embracing the route traversed by Spanish treasure ships from the New to the Old World. -- Spanish moss. (Bot.) See Tillandsia. -- Spanish needles (Bot.), a composite weed (Bidens bipinnata) having achenia armed with needlelike awns. -- Spanish nut (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Iris Sisyrinchium) of the south of Europe. -- Spanish potato (Bot.), the sweet potato. See under Potato. -- Spanish red, an ocherous red pigment resembling Venetian red, but slightly yellower and warmer. Fairholt. -- Spanish reef (Naut.), a knot tied in the head of a jib-headed sail. -- Spanish sheep (Zo\'94l.), a merino. -- Spanish white, an impalpable powder prepared from chalk by pulverizing and repeated washings, -- used as a white pigment. -- Spanish windlass (Naut.), a wooden roller, with a rope wound about it, into which a marline spike is thrust to serve as a lever.

Spanish

Span"ish, n. The language of Spain.

Spank

Spank (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spanked (; p. pr. & vb. n. Spanking.] [Of unknown origin; cf. LG. spakken, spenkern, to run and spring about quickly.] To strike, as the breech, with the open hand; to slap.

Spank

Spank, n. A blow with the open hand; a slap.

Spank

Spank, v. i. To move with a quick, lively step between a trot and gallop; to move quickly. Thackeray.

Spanker

Spank"er (?), n.

1. One who spanks, or anything used as an instrument for spanking.

2. (Naut.) The after sail of a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail attached to a boom and gaff; -- sometimes called driver. See Illust. under Sail. Totten.

3. One who takes long, quick strides in walking; also, a fast horse. [Colloq.]

4. Something very large, or larger than common; a whopper, as a stout or tall person. [Colloq.]

Spanker boom (Naut.), a boom to which a spanker sail is attached. See Illust. of Ship.

Spanker

Spank"er, n. A small coin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Spanking

Spank"ing, a.

1. Moving with a quick, lively pace, or capable of so doing; dashing.

Four spanking grays ready harnessed. G. Colman, the Younger.

2. Large; considerable. [Colloq.]

Spanking breeze

Spanking breeze (Naut.), a strong breeze.

Spanless

Span"less (?), a. Incapable of being spanned.

Spanner

Span"ner (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, spans.

2. The lock of a fusee or carbine; also, the fusee or carbine itself. [Obs.]

3. An iron instrument having a jaw to fit a nut or the head of a bolt, and used as a lever to turn it with; a wrench; specifically, a wrench for unscrewing or tightening the couplings of hose.

4. pl. A contrivance in some of the ealier steam engines for moving the valves for the alternate admission and shutting off of the steam.

Span-new

Span"-new` (?), a. [Icel. sp\'benn, properly, new as a ship just split; sp\'benn chip + n new. See Spoon, and New.] Quite new; brand-new; fire-new. "A span-new archbishop's chair." Fuller.

Spannishing

Span"nish*ing (?), n. [From OF. espanir to spread, F. \'82panou. See Expand.] The full blooming of a flower. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Spanpiece

Span"piece (?), n. (Arch.) The collar of a roof; sparpiece.

Spanworm

Span"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of any geometrid moth, as the cankeworm; a geometer; a measuring worm.
Page 1378

Spar

Spar (?), n. [AS. sp\'91r in sp\'91rst\'ben chalkstone; akin to MHG. spar, G. sparkalk plaster.] (Min.) An old name for a nonmetallic mineral, usually cleavable and somewhat lustrous; as, calc spar, or calcite, fluor spar, etc. It was especially used in the case of the gangue minerals of a metalliferous vein. Blue spar, Cube spar, etc. See under Blue, Cube, etc.

Spar

Spar, n. [OE. sparre; akin to D. spar, G. sparren, OHG. sparro, Dan.& Sw. sparre, Icel. sparri; of uncertain origin. Spar, v. t. ]

1. (Naut.) A general term any round piece of timber used as a mast, yard, boom, or gaff.

2. (Arch.) Formerly, a piece of timber, in a general sense; -- still applied locally to rafters.

3. The bar of a gate or door. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Spar buoy (Naut.), a buoy anchored by one end so that the other end rises above the surface of the water. -- Spar deck (Naut.), the upper deck of a vessel; especially, in a frigate, the deck which is continued in a straight line from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, and on which spare spars are usually placed. See under Deck. -- Spar torpedo (Naut.), a torpedo carried on the end of a spar usually projecting from the bow of a vessel, and intended to explode upon contact with an enemy's ships.

Spar

Spar, v. t. [OE. sparren, AS. sparrian; akin to G. sperren, Icel. sperra; from the noun. &root;171. See Spara beam, bar.]

1. To bolt; to bar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To To supply or equip with spars, as a vessel. &hand; A vessel equipped with spars that are too large or too small is said to be oversparred or undersparred.

Spar

Spar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sparred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sparring.] [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. esparer to kick, F. \'82parer, or Icel. sperra to stretch out the legs, to struggle.]

1. To strike with the feet or spurs, as cocks do.

2. To use the fists and arms scientifically in attack or defense; to contend or combat with the fists, as for exercise or amusement; to box.

Made believe to spar at Paul with great science. Dickens.

3. To contest in words; to wrangle. [Colloq.] <-- sparring partner, (Boxing) one who spars with a boxer as an opponent for training purposes. -->

Spar

Spar, n.

1. A contest at sparring or boxing.

2. A movement of offense or defense in boxing.

Sparable

Spar"a*ble (?), n. [Corrupted from sparrow bill.] A kind of small nail used by shoemakers.

Sparada

Spar"a*da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small California surf fish (Micrometrus aggregatus); -- called also shiner.

Sparadrap

Spar"a*drap (?), n. [F. sparadrap; cf. It. sparadrappo, NL. sparadrapa.]

1. A cerecloth. [Obs.]

2. (Med.) Any adhesive plaster.

Sparage; 48, Sparagus, Sparagrass

Spar"age (?; 48), Spar"a*gus (?), Spar"a*grass` (?), n. Obs. or corrupt forms of Asparagus.

Sparble

Spar"ble (?), v. t. [OF. esparpiller to scatter, F. \'82parpiller.] To scatter; to disperse; to rout. [Obs.]
The king's host was sparbled and chased. Fabyan.

Spare

Spare (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.n Sparing.] [AS. sparian, fr. sp\'91r spare, sparing, saving; akin to D. & G. sparen, OHG. spar, Icel. & Sw. spara, Dan. spare See Spare, a.]

1. To use frugally or stintingly, as that which is scarce or valuable; to retain or keep unused; to save. "No cost would he spare." Chaucer.

[Thou] thy Father's dreadful thunder didst not spare. Milton.
He that hath knowledge, spareth his words. Prov. xvii. 27.

2. To keep to one's self; to forbear to impart or give.

Be pleased your plitics to spare. Dryden.
Spare my sight the pain Of seeing what a world of tears it costs you. Dryden.

3. To preserve from danger or punishment; to forbear to punish, injure, or harm; to show mercy to.

Spare us, good Lord. Book of Common Prayer.
Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages. Milton.
Man alone can whom he conquers spare. Waller.

4. To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some occupation, use, or duty.

All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty charge, he Knolles.

5. To deprive one's self of, as by being frugal; to do without; to dispense with; to give up; to part with.

Where angry Jove did never spare One breath of kind and temperate air. Roscommon.
I could have better spared a better man. Shak.
To spare one's self. (a) To act with reserve. [Obs.]
Her thought that a lady should her spare. Chaucer.
(b) To save one's self labor, punishment, or blame.

Spare

Spare (?), v. i.

1. To be frugal; not to be profuse; to live frugally; to be parsimonious.

I, who at some times spend, at others spare, Divided between carelessness and care. Pope.

2. To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or forbearance.

He will not spare in the day of vengeance. Prov. vi. 34.

3. To desist; to stop; to refrain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Spare

Spare, a. [Compar. Sparer (?); superl. Sparest; -- not used in all the senses of the word.] [AS. sp\'91r sparing. Cf. Spare, v. t. ]

1. Scanty; not abundant or plentiful; as, a spare diet.

2. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; chary.

He was spare, but discreet of speech. Carew.

3. Being over and above what is necessary, or what must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous; as, I have no spare time.

If that no spare clothes he had to give. Spenser.

4. Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency; as, a spare anchor; a spare bed or room.

5. Lean; wanting flesh; meager; thin; gaunt.

O, give me the spare men, and spare me the great ones. Shak.

6. Slow. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Grose.

Spare

Spare (?), n.

1. The act of sparing; moderation; restraint. [Obs.]

Killing for sacrifice, without any spare. Holland.

2. Parsimony; frugal use. [Obs.] Bacon.

Poured out their plenty without spite or spare. Spenser.

3. An opening in a petticoat or gown; a placket. [Obs.]

4. That which has not been used or expended.

5. (Tenpins) The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare. <-- different terminology now -->

Spareful

Spare"ful (?), a. Sparing; chary. [Obs.] Fairfax. -- Spare"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Sparely

Spare"ly, adv. In a spare manner; sparingly.

Spareless

Spare"less, a. Unsparing. Sylvester.

Spareness

Spare"ness, n. [Cf. AS. sp\'91rnis frugality.] The quality or state of being lean or thin; leanness.

Sparer

Spar"er (?), n. One who spares.

Sparerib

Spare"rib` (?), n. [Spare, a. + rib.] A piece of pork, consisting or ribs with little flesh on them.

Sparge

Sparge (?), v. t. [L. spargere; cf. F. asperger.] To sprinkle; to moisten by sprinkling; as, to sparge paper.

Spargefaction

Spar`ge*fac"tion (?), n. [L. spargere to strew + facere, factum, to make.] The act of sprinkling. [Obs.] Swift.

Sparger

Spar"ger (?), n. [Cf. F. asperger to sprinkle, L. aspergere, spargere.] A vessel with a perforated cover, for sprinkling with a liquid; a sprinkler. <-- 2. A tube with a perforated or fritted end, to pass gases as small bubbles through a liquid. -->

Sparhawk

Spar"hawk` (?), n. [OE. sperhauke.] (Zo\'94l.) The sparrow hawk. [Prov. Eng.]

Spar-hung

Spar"-hung` (?), a. Hung with spar, as a cave.

Sparing

Spar"ing (?), a. Spare; saving; frugal; merciful. Bacon. -- Spar"ing*ly, adv. -- Spar"ing*ness, n.

Spark

Spark (?), n. [OE. sparke, AS. spearca; akin to D. spark, sperk; cf. Icel. spraka to crackle, Lith. sprag\'89ti, Gr. sph to crackle, to thunder. Cf. Speak.]

1. A small particle of fire or ignited substance which is emitted by a body in combustion.

Man is born unto trouble, as hte sparks fly upward. Job v. 7.

2. A small, shining body, or transient light; a sparkle.

3. That which, like a spark, may be kindled into a flame, or into action; a feeble germ; an elementary principle. "If any spark of life be yet remaining." Shak. "Small intellectual spark." Macaulay. "Vital spark of heavenly flame." Pope.

We have here and there a little clear light, some sparks of bright knowledge. Locke.
Bright gem instinct with music, vocal spark. Wordsworth.
Spark arrester, a contrivance to prevent the escape of sparks while it allows the passage of gas, -- chiefly used in the smokestack of a wood-burning locomotive. Called also spark consumer. [U.S.]

Spark

Spark, n. [Icel. sparkr lively, sprightly.]

1. A brisk, showy, gay man.

The finest sparks and cleanest beaux. Prior.

2. A lover; a gallant; a beau.

Spark

Spark, v. i. To sparkle. [Obs.] Spenser.

Spark

Spark, v. i. To play the spark, beau, or lover.
A sure sign that his master was courting, or, as it is termed, sparking, within. W. Irwing.

Sparker

Spark"er (?), n. A spark arrester.

Sparkful

Spark"ful (?), a. Lively; brisk; gay. [Obs.] "Our sparkful youth." Camden.

Sparkish

Spark"ish, a.

1. Like a spark; airy; gay. W. Walsh.

2. Showy; well-dresed; fine. L'Estrange.

Sparkle

Spar"kle (?), n. [Dim. of spark.]

1. A little spark; a scintillation.

As fire is wont to quicken and go From a sparkle sprungen amiss, Till a city brent up is. Chaucer.
The shock was sufficiently strong to strike out some sparkles of his fiery temper. Prescott.

2. Brilliancy; luster; as, the sparkle of a diamond.

Sparkle

Spar"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sparkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sparkling (?).] [See Sparkle, n., Spark of fire.]

1. To emit sparks; to throw off ignited or incandescent particles; to shine as if throwing off sparks; to emit flashes of light; to scintillate; to twinkle; as, the blazing wood sparkles; the stars sparkle.

A mantelet upon his shoulder hanging Bretful of rubies red, as fire sparkling. Chaucer.

2. To manifest itself by, or as if by, emitting sparks; to glisten; to flash.

I see bright honor sparkle through your eyes. Milton.

3. To emit little bubbles, as certain kinds of liquors; to effervesce; as, sparkling wine. Syn. -- To shine; glisten; scintillate; radiate; coruscate; glitter; twinkle.

Sparkle

Spar"kle, v. t. To emit in the form or likeness of sparks. "Did sparkle forth great light." Spenser.

Sparkle

Spar"kle, v. t. [Cf. Sparble.]

1. To disperse. [Obs.]

The Landgrave hath sparkled his army without any further enterprise. State Papers.

2. To scatter on or over. [Obs.] Purchas.

Sparkler

Spar"kler (?), n. One who scatters; esp., one who scatters money; an improvident person. [Obs.]

Sparkler

Spar"kler, n. One who, or that which, sparkles.

Sparkler

Spar"kler, n. (Zo\'94l.) A tiger beetle.

Sparklet

Spark"let (?), n. A small spark. [Obs.]

Sparkliness

Spark"li*ness (?), n. Vivacity. [Obs.] Aubrey.

Sparkling

Spar"kling (?), a. Emitting sparks; glittering; flashing; brilliant; lively; as, sparkling wine; sparkling eyes. -- Spar"kling*ly, adv. -- Spar"kling*ness, n. Syn. -- Brilliant; shining. See Shining.

Sparling

Spar"ling (?), n. [Akin to G. spierling, spiering, D. spiering: cf. F. \'82perlan.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). (b) A young salmon. (c) A tern. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

Sparlyre

Spar"lyre` (?), n. [AS. spear-lira.] The calf of the leg. [Obs.] Wyclif (Deut. xxviii. 35).

Sparoid

Spa"roid (?; 277), a. [L. sparus the gilthead + -oid: cf. F. sparo\'8bde.] (Zo\'94l.) of or pertaining to the Sparid\'91, a family of spinous-finned fishes which includes the scup, sheepshead, and sea bream. -- n. One of the Sparid\'91.

Sparpiece

Spar"piece` (?), n. (Arch.) The collar beam of a roof; the spanpiece. Gwilt.

Sparpoil

Spar"poil (?), v. t. [See Sparble.] To scatter; to spread; to disperse. [Obs.]

Sparrow

Spar"row (?), n. [OE. sparwe, AS. spearwa; akin to OHG. sparo, G. sperling, Icel. sp\'94rr, Dan. spurv, spurre, Sw. sparf, Goth. sparwa; -- originally, probably, the quiverer or flutterer, and akin to E. spurn. See Spurn, and cf. Spavin.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) One of many species of small singing birds of the family Fringillig\'91, having conical bills, and feeding chiefly on seeds. Many sparrows are called also finches, and buntings. The common sparrow, or house sparrow, of Europe (Passer domesticus) is noted for its familiarity, its voracity, its attachment to its young, and its fecundity. See House sparrow, under House. &hand; The following American species are well known; the chipping sparrow, or chippy, the sage sparrow, the savanna sparrow, the song sparrow, the tree sparrow, and the white-throated sparrow (see Peabody bird). See these terms under Sage, Savanna, etc.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several small singing birds somewhat resembling the true sparrows in form or habits, as the European hedge sparrow. See under Hedge.

He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, providently caters for the sparrow, Be comfort to my age! Shak.
Field sparrow, Fox sparrow, etc. See under Field, Fox, etc. -- Sparrow bill, a small nail; a castiron shoe nail; a sparable. -- Sparrow hawk. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European hawk (Accipiter nisus) or any of the allied species. (b) A small American falcon (Falco sparverius). (c) The Australian collared sparrow hawk (Accipiter torquatus). The name is applied to other small hawks, as the European kestrel and the New Zealand quail hawk. -- Sparrow owl (Zo\'94l.), a small owl (Glaucidium passerinum) found both in the Old World and the New. The name is also applied to other species of small owls. -- Sparrow spear (Zo\'94l.), the female of the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.]

Sparrowgrass

Spar"row*grass` (?), n. [Corrupted from asparagus.] Asparagus. [Colloq.] See the Note under Asparagus.

Sparrowwort

Spar"row*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An evergreen shrub of the genus Erica (E. passerina).

Sparry

Spar"ry (?), a. [From Spar.] Resembling spar, or consisting of spar; abounding with spar; having a confused crystalline structure; spathose. Sparry iron (Min.), siderite. See Siderite (a). -- Sparry limestone (Min.), a coarsely crystalline marble.

Sparse

Sparse (?), a. [Compar. Sparser (?); superl. Sparsest.] [L. sparsus, p.p. of spargere to strew, scatter. Cf. Asperse, Disperse.]

1. Thinly scattered; set or planted here and there; not being dense or close together; as, a sparse population. Carlyle.

2. (Bot.) Placed irregularly and distantly; scattered; -- applied to branches, leaves, peduncles, and the like.

Sparse

Sparse, v. t. [L. sparsus, p.p. of spargere to scatter.] To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.] Spenser.

Sparsedly

Spars"ed*ly (?), adv. Sparsely. [Obs.]

Sparsely

Sparse"ly, adv. In a scattered or sparse manner.

Sparseness

Sparse"ness, n. The quality or state of being sparse; as, sparseness of population.

Sparsim

Spar"sim (?), adv. [L., fr. spargere to scatter.] Sparsely; scatteredly; here and there.

Spartan

Spar"tan (?), a. [L. Spartanus.] of or pertaining to Sparta, especially to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravey. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Sparta; figuratively, a person of great courage and fortitude. <-- marked by avoidance of luxury or comfort; spare, simple; marked by self-denial -->

Sparteine

Spar"te*ine (?), n. (Chem.) A narcotic alkaloid extracted from the tops of the common broom (Cytisus scoparius, formerly Spartium scoparium), as a colorless oily liquid of aniline-like odor and very bitter taste.

parterie

par"ter*ie (?), n. [F., from Sp. esparto esparto, L. spartum, Gr. Articles made of the blades or fiber of the Lygeum Spartum and Stipa (or Macrochloa) tenacissima, kinds of grass used in Spain and other countries for making ropes, mats, baskets, nets, and mattresses. Loudon.

Sparth

Sparth (?), n. [Cf. Icel. spar.] An Anglo-Saxon battle-ax, or halberd. [Obs.]
He hath a sparth of twenty pound of weight. Chaucer.
Page 1379

Sparve

Sparve (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

Spary

Spar"y (?), a. Sparing; parsimonious. [Obs.]

Spasm

Spasm (?), n. [F. spasme, L. spasmus, Gr. Span, v. t.]

1. (Med.) An involuntary and unnatural contraction of one or more muscles or muscular fibers. &hand; Spasm are usually either clonic or tonic. In clonic spasm, the muscles or muscular fibers contract and relax alternately in very quick succession. In tonic spasm, the contraction is steady and uniform, and continues for a comparatively long time, as in tetanus.

2. A sudden, violent, and temporary effort or emotion; as, a spasm of repentance.

Cynic spasm (Med.) See under Cynic. -- Spasm of the chest. See Angina pectoris, under Angina.

Spasmatical

Spas*mat"ic*al (?), a. Spasmodic. [Obs.]

Spasmodic

Spas"mod"ic (?), a. [Gr. spasmotique.]

1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to spasm; consisting in spasm; occuring in, or characterized by, spasms; as, a spasmodic asthma.

2. Soon relaxed or exhausted; convulsive; intermittent; as, spasmodic zeal or industry.

Spasmodic croup (Med.), an affection of childhood characterized by a stoppage of brathing developed suddenly and without fever, and produced by spasmodic contraction of the vocal cords. It is sometimes fatal. Called also laryngismus stridulus, and childcrowing. -- Spasmodic stricture, a stricture caused by muscular spasm without structural change. See Organic stricture, under Organic.

Spasmodic

Spas*mod"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine for spasm.<-- = antispasmodic -->

Spasmodical

Spas*mod"ic*al (?), a. Same as Spasmodic, a. -- Spas*mod"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Spastic

Spas"tic (?), a. [L. spasticus, Gr. spastique. See Spasm.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to spasm; spasmodic; especially, pertaining to tonic spasm; tetanic.

Spastically

Spas"tic*al*ly (?), adv. Spasmodically.

Spasticity

Spas*tic"i*ty (?), n.

1. A state of spasm.

2. The tendency to, or capability of suffering, spasm.

Spat

Spat (?), imp. of Spit. [Obs. ∨ R.]

Spat

Spat, n. [From the root of spit; hence, literally, that which is ejected.] A young oyster or other bivalve mollusk, both before and after it first becomes adherent, or such young, collectively.

Spat

Spat, v. i. & t. To emit spawn; to emit, as spawn.

Spat

Spat, n. [Cf. Pat.]

1. A light blow with something flat. [U.S. & Prov. Eng.]

2. Hence, a petty combat, esp. a verbal one; a little quarrel, dispute, or dissension. [U. S.]

Spat

Spat, v. i. To dispute. [R.] Smart.

Spat

Spat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spatting.] To slap, as with the open hand; to clap together; as the hands. [Local, U.S.]
Little Isabel leaped up and down, spatting her hands. Judd.

Spatangoid

Spa*tan"goid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Spatangoidea. -- n. One of the Spatangoidea.

Spatangoidea

Spat`an*goi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Spatangus, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of irregular sea urchins, usually having a more or less heart-shaped shell with four or five petal-like ambulacra above. The mouth is edentulous and situated anteriorly, on the under side.

Spatangus

Spa*tan"gus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. spatangius a kind of sea urchin, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of heart-shaped sea urchins belonging to the Spatangoidea.

Spatchcock

Spatch"cock` (?), n. See Spitchcock.

Spate

Spate (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. speid.] A river flood; an overflow or inundation. Burns.
Gareth in a showerful spring Stared at the spate. Tennyson.

Spatha

Spa"tha (?), n,; pl. Spath\'91 (#). [L.] (Bot.) A spathe.

Spathaceous

Spa*tha"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spathal.

Spathal

Spa"thal (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with a spathe; as, spathal flowers. Howitt.

Spathe

Spathe (?), n. [L. spatha, Gr. spathe. See Spade for digging.] (Bot.) A special involucre formed of one leaf and inclosing a spadix, as in aroid plants and palms. See the Note under Bract, and Illust. of Spadix. &hand; The name is also given to the several-leaved involucre of the iris and other similar plants.

Spathed

Spathed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a spathe or calyx like a sheath.

Spathic

Spath"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. spathique, fr. F. & G. spath spar.] Like spar; foliated or lamellar; spathose. Spathic iron (Min.), siderite. See Siderite (a).

Spathiform

Spath"i*form (?), a. [F. spathiforme.] Resembling spar in form. "The ocherous, spathiform, and mineralized forms of uranite." Lavoisier (Trans.).

Spathose

Spath"ose` (?), a. (Min.) See Spathic.

Spathose

Spath"ose`, a. [See Spathe.] (Bot.) Having a spathe; resembling a spathe; spatheceous; spathal.

Spathous

Spath"ous (?), a. (Bot.) Spathose.

Spathulate

Spath"u*late (?), a. See Spatulate.

Spatial

Spa"tial (?), a. Of or pertaining to space. "Spatial quantity and relations." L. H. Atwater.

Spatially

Spa"tial*ly (?), adv. As regards space.

Spatiate

Spa"ti*ate (?), v. t. [L. spatiatus, p.p. of spatiari, fr. spatiatum. See Space.] To rove; to ramble. [Obs.] Bacon.

Spatter

Spat"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spattering.] [From the root of spit salvia.]

1. To sprinkle with a liquid or with any wet substance, as water, mud, or the like; to make wet of foul spots upon by sprinkling; as, to spatter a coat; to spatter the floor; to spatter boots with mud.

Upon any occasion he is to be spattered over with the blood of his people. Burke.

2. To distribute by sprinkling; to sprinkle around; as, to spatter blood. Pope.

3. Fig.: To injure by aspersion; to defame; to soil; also, to throw out in a defamatory manner.

Spatter

Spat"ter, v. i. To throw something out of the mouth in a scattering manner; to sputter.
That mind must needs be irrecoverably depraved, which, . . . tasting but once of one just deed, spatters at it, and abhors the relish ever after. Milton.

Spatterdashed

Spat"ter*dashed` (?), a. Wearing spatterdashes. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Spatterdashes

Spat"ter*dash`es (?), n. pl. [Spatter + dash.] Coverings for the legs, to protect them from water and mud; long gaiters.

Spatter-dock

Spat`ter-dock` (?), n. (Bot.) The common yellow water lily (Nuphar advena).

Spattle

Spat"tle (?), n. Spawl; spittle. [Obs.] Bale.

Spattle

Spat"tle, n.

1. A spatula.

2. (Pottery) A tool or implement for mottling a molded article with coloring matter Knoght.

Spattling-poppy

Spat"tling-pop"py (?), n. [Prov. E. spattle to spit + E. poppy.] (Bot.) A kind of catchfly (Silene inflata) which is sometimes frothy from the action of captured insects.

Spatula

Spat"u*la (?; 135), n. [L. spatula, spathula, dim. of spatha a spatula: F. spatule. See Spade for digging.] An implement shaped like a knife, flat, thin, and somewhat flexible, used for spreading paints, fine plasters, drugs in compounding prescriptions, etc. Cf. Palette knife, under Palette.

Spatulate

Spat"u*late (?), a. [NL. spatulatus.] (Nat. Hist.) Shaped like spatula, or like a battledoor, being roundish, with a long, narrow, linear base. [Also written spathulate.]

Spauld

Spauld (?), n. [See Spall the shoulder.] The shoulder. [Scot.]

Spavin

Spav"in (?), n. [OE. spaveyne, OF. esparvain, F. \'82parvin; akin to OF. espervier a sparrow hawk, F. \'82pervier, fr. OHG. sparw\'beri (G. sperber), fr. OHG. sparo sparrow, because this disease makes the horse raise the infirm leg in the manner of a sparrow hawk or sparrow. See Sparrow.] (Far.) A disease of horses characterized by a bony swelling developed on the hock as the result of inflammation of the bones; also, the swelling itself. The resulting lameness is due to the inflammation, and not the bony tumor as popularly supposed. Harbaugh. Bog spavin, a soft swelling produced by distention of the capsular ligament of the hock; -- called also blood spavin. -- Bone spavin, spavin attended with exostosis; ordinary spavin.

Spavined

Spav"ined (?), a. Affected with spavin.

Spaw

Spaw (?), n. See Spa.

Spawl

Spawl (?), n. A splinter or fragment, as of wood or stone. See Spall.

Spawl

Spawl, n. [Cf. AS. sp\'betl, fr. sp&aemac;tan to spit; probably akin to sp\'c6wan, E. spew. Cf. Spew.] Scattered or ejected spittle.

Spawl

Spawl, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Spawled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spawling.] [Cf. AS. sp\'betlian.] To scatter spittle from the mouth; to spit, as saliva.
Why must he sputter, spawl, and slaver it In vain, against the people's favorite. Swift.

Spawling

Spawl"ing, n. That which is spawled, or spit out.

Spawn

Spawn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spawning.] [OE. spanen, OF. espandre, properly, to shed, spread, L. expandere to spread out. See Expand.]

1. To produce or deposit (eggs), as fishes or frogs do.

2. To bring forth; to generate; -- used in contempt.

One edition [of books] spawneth another. Fuller.

Spawn

Spawn, v. i.

1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs do.

2. To issue, as offspring; -- used contemptuously.

Spawn

Spawn, n. [&root;170. See Spawn, v. t.]

1. The ova, or eggs, of fishes, oysters, and other aquatic animals.

2. Any product or offspring; -- used contemptuously.

3. (Hort.) The buds or branches produced from underground stems.

4. (Bot.) The white fibrous matter forming the matrix from which fungi.

Spawn eater (Zo\'94l.), a small American cyprinoid fish (Notropis Hudsonius) allied to the dace.

Spawner

Spawn"er (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A mature female fish.

The barbel, for the preservation or their seed, both the spawner and the milter, cover their spawn with sand. Walton.

2. Whatever produces spawn of any kind.

Spay

Spay (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spaying.] [Cf. Armor. spac'hein, spaza to geld, W. dyspaddu to geld, L. spado a eunuch, Gr. To remove or extirpate the ovaries of, as a sow or a bitch; to castrate (a female animal).

Spay

Spay, n. [Cf. Spade a spay, Spay, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.) The male of the red deer in his third year; a spade.

Spayad, Spayade

Spay"ad (?), Spay"ade (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A spay.

Speak

Speak (?), v. i. [imp. Spoke (?) (Spake ( Archaic); p. p. Spoken (?) (Spoke, Obs. ∨ Colloq.); p. pr. & vb. n. Speaking.] [OE. speken, AS. specan, sprecan; akin to OF.ries. spreka, D. spreken, OS. spreken, G. sprechen, OHG. sprehhan, and perhaps to Skr. sph&umac;rj to crackle, to thunder. Cf. Spark of fire, Speech.]

1. To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to express thoughts by words; as, the organs may be so obstructed that a man may not be able to speak.

Till at the last spake in this manner. Chaucer.
Speak, Lord; for thy servant heareth. 1 Sam. iii. 9.

2. To express opinions; to say; to talk; to converse.

That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set, as the tradesmen speak. Boyle.
An honest man, is able to speak for himself, when a knave is not. Shak.
During the century and a half which followed the Conquest, there is, to speak strictly, no English history. Macaulay.

3. To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue; to adress a public assembly formally.

Many of the nobility made themselves popular by speaking in Parliament against those things which were most grateful to his majesty. Clarendon.

4. To discourse; to make mention; to tell.

Lycan speaks of a part of C\'91sar's army that came to him from the Leman Lake. Addison.

5. To give sound; to sound.

Make all our trumpets speak. Shak.

6. To convey sentiments, ideas, or intelligence as if by utterance; as, features that speak of self-will.

Thine eye begins to speak. Shak.
To speak of, to take account of, to make mention of. Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To speak out, to speak loudly and distinctly; also, to speak unreservedly. -- To speak well for, to commend; to be favorable to. -- To speak with, to converse with. "Would you speak with me?" Shak. Syn. -- To say; tell; talk; converse; discourse; articulate; pronounce; utter.

Speak

Speak (?), v. t.

1. To utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter articulately, as human beings.

They sat down with him upn ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word unto him. Job. ii. 13.

2. To utter in a word or words; to say; to tell; to declare orally; as, to speak the truth; to speak sense.

3. To declare; to proclaim; to publish; to make known; to exhibit; to express in any way.

It is my father;s muste To speak your deeds. Shak.
Speaking a still good morrow with her eyes. Tennyson.
And for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak The maker's high magnificence. Milton.
Report speaks you a bonny monk. Sir W. Scott.

4. To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce, as in conversation; as, to speak Latin.

And French she spake full fair and fetisely. Chaucer.

5. To address; to accost; to speak to.

[He will] thee in hope; he will speak thee fair. Ecclus. xiii. 6.
each village senior paused to scan And speak the lovely caravan. Emerson.
To speak a ship (Naut.), to hail and speak to her captain or commander.

Speakable

Speak"a*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of being spoken; fit to be spoken. Ascham.

2. Able to speak. Milton. <-- Speakeasy, n. An establishment where alcoholic beverages were sold illegally, during the prohibition era in the U.S. (1920-1932) -->

Speaker

Speak"er (?), n.

1. One who speaks. Specifically: (a) One who utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one who utters a speech in public; as, the man is a good speaker, or a bad speaker. (b) One who is the mouthpiece of others; especially, one who presides over, or speaks for, a delibrative assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates; as, the Speaker of the House of Commons, originally, the mouthpiece of the House to address the king; the Speaker of a House of Representatives.

2. A book of selections for declamation. [U. S.]

Speakership

Speak"er*ship, n. The office of speaker; as, the speakership of the House of Representatives.

Speaking

Speak"ing, a.

1. Uttering speech; used for conveying speech; as, man is a speaking animal; a speaking tube.

2. Seeming to be capable of speech; hence, lifelike; as, a speaking likeness.

A speaking acquaintance, a slight acquaintance with a person, or one which merely permits the exchange of salutations and remarks on indifferent subjects. -- Speaking trumpet, an instrument somewhat resembling a trumpet, by which the sound of the human voice may be so intensified as to be conveyed to a great distance. -- Speaking tube, a tube for conveying speech, especially from one room to another at a distance. -- To be on speaking terms, to be slightly acquainted.

Speking

Spek"ing, n.

1. The act of uttering words.

2. Public declamation; oratory.

Spear

Spear (?), n. [OE. spere, AS. spere; akin to D. & G. speer, OS. & OHS. sper, Icel. spj\'94r, pl., Dan. sp\'91r, L. sparus.]

1. A long, pointed weapon, used in war and hunting, by thrusting or throwing; a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp head or blade; a lance. [See Illust. of Spearhead.] "A sharp ground spear." Chaucer.

They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Micah iv. 3.

2. Fig.: A spearman. Sir W. Scott.

3. A sharp-pointed instrument with barbs, used for stabbing fish and other animals.

4. A shoot, as of grass; a spire.

5. The feather of a horse. See Feather, n., 4.

6. The rod to which the bucket, or plunger, of a pump is attached; a pump rod.

Spear foot, the off hind foot of a horse. -- Spear grass. (Bot.) (a) The common reed. See Reed, n., 1. (b) meadow grass. See under Meadow. -- Spear hand, the hand in which a horseman holds a spear; the right hand. Crabb. -- Spear side, the male line of a family. Lowell. -- Spear thistle (Bot.), the common thistle (Cnicus lanceolatus).

Spear

Spear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Speared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spearing.] To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear; as, to spear a fish.

Spear

Spear, v. i. To shoot into a long stem, as some plants. See Spire. Mortimer.

Spearer

Spear"er (?), n. One who uses a spear; as, a spearer of fish.

Spearfish

Spear"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large and powerful fish (Tetrapturus albidus) related to the swordfish, but having scales and ventral fins. It is found on the American coast and the Mediterranean. (b) The carp sucker.
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Spearhead

Spear"head` (?), n. The pointed head, or end, of a spear.

Spearman

Spear"man (?), n.; pl. Spearmen (. One who is armed with a spear. Acts xxiii. 23.

Spearmint

Spear"mint` (?), n. [So named from its spiry, not capitate, inflorescence. Dr. Prior.] (Bot.) A species of mint (Mentha viridis) growing in moist soil. It vields an aromatic oil. See Mint, and Mentha.

Spearwood

Spear"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian tree (Acacia Doratoxylon), and its tough wood, used by the natives for spears.

Spearwort

Spear"wort` (?), n. [AS. sperewyrt.] (Bot.) A name given to several species of crowfoot (Ranunculus) which have spear-shaped leaves.

Speary

Spear"y (?), a. Having the form of a spear.

Spece

Spece (?), n. Species; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Specht

Specht (?), n. [See Speight.] (Zo\'94l.) A woodpecker. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Sherwood.

Special

Spe"cial (?), a. [L. specialis, fr. species a particular sort, kind, or quality: cf. F. sp\'82cial. See Species, and cf. Especial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a species; constituting a species or sort.

A special is called by the schools a "species". I. Watts.

2. Particular; peculiar; different from others; extraordinary; uncommon.

Our Savior is represented everywhere in Scripture as the special patron of the poor and the afficted. Atterbury.
To this special evil an improvement of style would apply a special redress. De Quincey.

3. Appropriate; designed for a particular purpose, occasion, or person; as, a special act of Parliament or of Congress; a special sermon.

4. Limited in range; confined to a definite field of action, investigation, or discussion; as, a special dictionary of commercial terms; a special branch of study.

5. Chief in excellence. [Obs.]

The king hath drawn The special head of all the land together. Shak.
Special administration (Law), an administration limited to certain specified effects or acts, or one granted during a particular time or the existence of a special cause, as during a controversy respecting the probate of a will, or the right of administration, etc. -- Special agency, an agency confined to some particular matter. -- Special bail, Bail above, ∨ Bail to the action (Law), sureties who undertake that, if the defendant is convicted, he shall satisfy the plaintiff, or surrender himself into custody. Tomlins. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Special constable. See under Constable. Bouvier. -- Special damage (Law), a damage resulting from the act complained of, as a natural, but not the necessary, consequence of it. -- Special demurrer (Law), a demurrer for some defect of form in the opposite party pleading, in which the cause of demurrer is particularly stated. -- Special deposit, a deposit made of a specific thing to be kept distinct from others. -- Special homology. (Biol.) See under Homology. -- Special injuction (Law), an injuction granted on special grounds, arising of the circumstances of the case. Daniell. -- Special issue (Law), an issue produced upon a special plea. Stephen. -- Special jury (Law), a jury consisting of persons of some particular calling, station, or qualification, which is called upon motion of either party when the cause is supposed to require it; a struck jury. -- Special orders (Mil.), orders which do not concern, and are not published to, the whole command, such as those relating to the movement of a particular corps, a detail, a temporary camp, etc. -- Special partner, a limited partner; a partner with a limited or restricted responsibility; -- unknown at common law. -- Special partnership, a limited or particular partnership; -- a term sometimes applied to a partnership in a particular business, operation, or adventure. -- Special plea in bar (Law), a plea setting forth particular and new matter, distinguished from the general issue. Bouvier. -- Special pleader (Law), originally, a counsel who devoted himself to drawing special counts and pleas; in a wider sense, a lawyer who draws pleadings. -- Special pleading (Law), the allegation of special or new matter, as distingiushed from a direct denial of matter previously alleged on the side. Bouvier. The popular denomination of the whole science of pleading. Stephen. The phrase is sometimes popularly applied to the specious, but unsound, argumentation of one whose aim is victory, and not truth. Burrill. -- Special property (Law), a qualified or limited ownership possession, as in wild animals, things found or bailed. -- Special session, an extraordinary session; a session at an unusual time or for an unusual purpose; as, a special session of Congress or of a legislature. -- Special statute, ∨ Special law, an act of the legislature which has reference to a particular person, place, or interest; -- in distinction from a general law. -- Special verdict (Law), a special finding of the facts of the case, leaving to the court the application of the law to them. Wharton (Law Dict.). Syn. -- Peculiar; appropriate; specific; dictinctive; particular; exceptional; singular. See Peculiar.

Special

Spe"cial, n.

1. A particular. [Obs.] Hammond.

2. One appointed for a special service or occasion.

In special, specially; in particular. Chaucer.

Specialism

Spe"cial*ism (?), n. Devotion to a particular and restricted part or branch of knowledge, art, or science; as, medical specialism.

Specialist

Spe"cial*ist (?), n. One who devotes himself to some specialty; as, a medical specialist, one who devotes himself to diseases of particular parts of the body, as the eye, the ear, the nerves, etc.

Speciality

Spe`ci*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Specialities (#). [See Special, and Specialty.]

1. A particular or peculiar case; a particularity. Sir M. Hale.

2. (Law) See Specialty, 3.

3. The special or peculiar mark or characteristic of a person or thing; that for which a person is specially distinguished; an object of special attention; a special occupation or object of attention; a specialty.

On these two general heads all other specialities are depedent. Hooker.
Strive, while improving your one talent, to enrich your whole capital as a man. It is in this way that you escape from the wretched narrow-mindedness which is the characteristic of every one who cultivates his speciality. Ld. Lytton.
We 'll say, instead, the inconsequent creature man, - For that'a his speciality. Mrs. Browning.
Think of this, sir, . . . remote from the impulses of passion, and apart from the specialities -- if I may use that strong remark -- of prejudice. Dickens.

4. An attribute or quality peculiar to a species.

Specialization

Spe`cial*i*za"tion (?), n.

1. The act of specializing, or the state of being spezialized.

2. (Biol.) The setting spart of a particular organ for the performance of a particular function. Darwin.

Specialize

Spe"cial*ize (?), v. t.

1. To mention specialy; to particularize.

2. To apply to some specialty or limited object; to assign to a specific use; as, specialized knowledge.

3. (Biol.) To supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions.

Specially

Spe"cial*ly, adv.

1. In a special manner; partcularly; especially. Chaucer.

2. For a particular purpose; as, a meeting of the legislature is specially summoned.

Specialty

Spe"cial*ty (?), n.; pl. Specialties (#). [F. sp\'82cialit\'82. Cf. Speciality.]

1. Particularity.

Specialty of rule hath been neglected. Shak.

2. A particular or peculiar case. [Obs.]

3. (Law) A contract or obligation under seal; a contract by deed; a writing, under seal, given as security for a debt particularly specified. Chitty. Bouvier. Wharton (Law Dict.).

Let specialties be therefore drawn between us. Shak.

4. That for which a person is distinguished, in which he is specially versed, or which he makes an object of special attention; a speciality.

Men of boundless knowledge, like Humbold, must have had once their specialty, their pet subject. C. Kingsley.

Specie

Spe"ci*e (?), abl. of L. species sort, kind. Used in the phrase in specie, that is, in sort, in kind, in (its own) form.
"[The king] expects a return in specie from them" [i. e., kindness for kindness]. Dryden.
In specie (Law), in precise or definite form; specifically; according to the exact terms; of the very thing.

Specie

Spe"cie (?), n. [Formed as a singular from species, in sense 5.] Coin; hard money.

Species

Spe"cies (?), n. sing. & pl. [L., a sight, outward appearance, shape, form, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species. See Spice, n., and cf. Specie, Special.]

1. Visible or sensible presentation; appearance; a sensible percept received by the imagination; an image. [R.] "The species of the letters illuminated with indigo and violet." Sir I. Newton.

Wit, . . . the faculty of imagination in the writer, which searches over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it designs to represent. Dryden.
&hand; In the scholastic philosophy, the species was sensible and intelligible. The sensible species was that in any material, object which was in fact discerned by the mind through the organ of perception, or that in any object which rendered it possible that it should be perceived. The sensible species, as apprehended by the understanding in any of the relations of thought, was called an intelligible species. "An apparent diversity between the species visible and audible is, that the visible doth not mingle in the medium, but the audible doth." Bacon.

2. (Logic) A group of individuals agreeing in common attributes, and designated by a common name; a conception subordinated to another conception, called a genus, or generic conception, from which it differs in containing or comprehending more attributes, and extending to fewer individuals. Thus, man is a species, under animal as a genus; and man, in its turn, may be regarded as a genus with respect to European, American, or the like, as species.

3. In science, a more or less permanent group of existing things or beings, associated according to attributes, or properties determined by scientific observation. &hand; In mineralogy and chemistry, objects which possess the same definite chemical structure, and are fundamentally the same in crystallization and physical characters, are classed as belonging to a species. In zo\'94logy and botany, a species is an ideal group of individuals which are believed to have descended from common ancestors, which agree in essential characteristics, and are capable of indefinitely continued fertile reproduction through the sexes. A species, as thus defined, differs from a variety or subspecies only in the greater stability of its characters and in the absence of individuals intermediate between the related groups.

4. A sort; a kind; a variety; as, a species of low cunning; a species of generosity; a species of cloth.

5. Coin, or coined silver, gold, ot other metal, used as a circulating medium; specie. [Obs.]

There was, in the splendor of the Roman empire, a less quantity of current species in Europe than there is now. Arbuthnot.

6. A public spectacle or exhibition. [Obs.] Bacon.

7. (Pharmacy) (a) A component part of compound medicine; a simple. (b) (Med.) An officinal mixture or compound powder of any kind; esp., one used for making an aromatic tea or tisane; a tea mixture. Quincy.

8. (Civil Law) The form or shape given to materials; fashion or shape; form; figure. Burill.

Incipient species (Zo\'94l.), a subspecies, or variety, which is in process of becoming permanent, and thus changing to a true species, usually by isolation in localities from which other varieties are excluded.

Specifiable

Spec"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Admitting specification; capable of being specified.

Specific

Spe*cif"ic (?), a. [F. sp\'82cifique, or NL. cpesificus; L. species a particular sort or kind + facere to make. Cf. Specify.]

1. Of or pertaining to a species; characterizing or constituting a species; possessing the peculiar property or properties of a thing which constitute its species, and distinguish it from other things; as, the specific form of an animal or a plant; the specific qualities of a drug; the specific distinction between virtue and vice.

Specific difference is that primary attribute which distinguishes each species from one another. I. Watts.

2. Specifying; definite, or making definite; limited; precise; discriminating; as, a specific statement.

3. (Med.) Exerting a peculiar influence over any part of the body; preventing or curing disease by a peculiar adaption, and not on general principles; as, quinine is a specific medicine in cases of malaria.

In fact, all medicines will be found specific in the perfection of the science. Coleridge.
Specific character (Nat. Hist.), a characteristic or characteristics distinguishing one species from every other species of the same genus. -- Specific disease (Med.) (a) A disease which produces a determinate definite effect upon the blood and tissues or upon some special tissue. (b) A disease which is itself uniformly produced by a definite and peculiar poison or organism. -- Specific duty. (Com.) See under Duty. -- Specific gravity. (Physics) See under Gravity. -- Specific heat (Physics), the quantity of heat required to raise temperature of a body one degree, taking as the unit of measure the quantity required to raise the same weight of water from zero to one degree; thus, the specific heat of mercury is 0.033, that of water being 1.000. -- Specific inductive capacity (Physics), the effect of a dielectric body in producing static electric induction as compared with that of some other body or bodies referred to as a standard. -- Specific legacy (Law), a bequest of a particular thing, as of a particular animal or piece of furniture, specified and distinguished from all others. Wharton. Burrill. -- Specific name (Nat., Hist.), the name which, appended to the name of the genus, constitutes the distinctive name of the species; -- originally applied by Linn\'91us to the essential character of the species, or the essential difference. The present specific name he at first called the trivial name. -- Specific performance (Law), the peformance of a contract or agreement as decreed by a court of equity.

Specific

Spe*cif"ic, n.

1. (Med.) A specific remedy. See Specific, a., 3.

His parents were weak enough to believe that the royal touch was a specific for this malady. Macaulay.

2. Anything having peculiar adaption to the purpose to which it is applied. Dr. H. More.

Specifical

Spe*cif"ic*al (?), a. Specific. Bacon.

Specifically

Spe*cif"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a specific manner.

Specificalness

Spe*cif"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being specific.

Specificate

Spe*cif"i*cate (?), v. t. [See Specify.] To show, mark, or designate the species, or the distinguishing particulars of; to specify. [Obs.] ir M. Hale.

Specification

Spec`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sp\'82cification, LL. specificatio.]

1. The act of specifying or determining by a mark or limit; notation of limits.

This specification or limitation of the question hinders the disputers from wandering away from the precise point of inquiry. I. Watts.

2. The designation of particulars; particular mention; as, the specification of a charge against an officer.

3. A written statement containing a minute description or enumeration of particulars, as of charges against a public officer, the terms of a contract, the description of an invention, as in a patent; also, a single article, item, or particular, an allegation of a specific act, as in a charge of official misconduct.

Soecificness

Soe*cif"ic*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being specific.

Specify

Spec"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Specified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Specifying (?).] [F. sp\'82cifier, or OF. especifier, fr. LL. specificare. See Species, -fy.] To mention or name, as a particular thing; to designate in words so as to distinguish from other things; as, to specify the uses of a plant; to specify articles purchased.
He has there given us an exact geography of Greece, where the countries and the uses of their soils are specified. Pope.

Specollum

Spe*col"lum (?), n. [L.] (Med.) See Stylet, 2.

Specimen

Spec"i*men (?), n. [L., fr. specere to look, to behold. See Spy.] A part, or small portion, of anything, or one of a number of things, intended to exhibit the kind and quality of the whole, or of what is not exhibited; a sample; as, a specimen of a man's handwriting; a specimen of painting; aspecimen of one's art. Syn. -- Sample; model; pattern. -- Specimen, Sample. A specimen is a representative of the class of things to which it belongs; as, a specimen of photography. A sample is a part of the thing itself, designed to show the quality of the whole; as, a sample of sugar or of broadcloth. A cabinet of minerals consists of specimens; if a part be broken off from any one of these, it is a sample of the mineral to which it belongs. "Several persons have exhibited specimens of this art before multitudes of beholders." Addison. "I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss." Woodward.

Speciosity

Spe`ci*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Speciocities (#). [Cf. LL. speciositas.]

1. The quality or state of being specious; speciousness.

Professions built so largely on speciosity, instead of performance. Carlyle.

2. That which is specious. Dr. H. More.

Page 1381

Specious

Spe"cious (?), a. [L. speciosusgood-looking, beautiful, specious, fr. species look, show, appearance; cf. F. sp\'82coeux. See Species.]

1. Presenting a pleasing appearance; pleasing in form or look; showy.

Some [serpents] specious and beautiful to the eye. Bp. Richardson.
The rest, far greater part, Will deem in outward rites and specious forms Religion satisfied. Milton.

2. Apparently right; superficially fair, just, or correct, but not so in reality; appearing well at first view; plausible; as, specious reasoning; a specious argument.

Misled for a moment by the specious names of religion, liberty, and property. Macaulay.
In consequence of their greater command of specious expression. J. Morley.
Syn. -- Plausible; showy; ostensible; colorable; feasible. See Plausible. -- Spe"xious*ly (#), adv. -- Spe"cious*ness, n.

Speck

Speck (?), n. [Cf. Icel. spik blubber, AS. spic, D. spek, G. speck.] The blubber of whales or other marine mammals; also, the fat of the hippopotamus. Speck falls (Naut.), falls or ropes rove through blocks for hoisting the blubber and bone of whales on board a whaling vessel.

Speck

Speck, n. [OE. spekke, AS. specca; cf. LG. spaak.]

1. A small discolored place in or on anything, or a small place of a color different from that of the main substance; a spot; a stain; a blemish; as, a speck on paper or loth; specks of decay in fruit. "Gray sand, with black specks." Anson.

2. A very small thing; a particle; a mite; as, specks of dust; he has not a speck of money.

Many bright specks bubble up along the blue Egean. Landor.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A small etheostomoid fish (Ulocentra stigm\'91a) common in the Eastern United States.

Speck

Speck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Specked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Specking.] To cause the presence of specks upon or in, especially specks regarded as defects or blemishes; to spot; to speckle; as, paper specked by impurities in the water used in its manufacture.
Carnation, purple, azure, or specked with gold. Milton.

Speckle

Spec"kle (?), n. [Dim. of speck; cf. D. spikkel.] A little or spot in or anything, of a different substance or color from that of the thing itself.
An huge great serpent, all with speckles pied. Spebser.

Speckle

Spec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Speckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Speckling (?).] To mark with small spots of a different color from that of the rest of the surface; to variegate with spots of a different color from the ground or surface.

Speckled

Spec"kled (?), a. Marked or variegated with small spots of a different color from that of the rest of the surface. Speckled Indians (Ethnol.), the Pintos. -- Speckled trout. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common American brook trout. See Trout. (b) The rainbow trout.

Speckled-belly

Spec"kled-bel`ly (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gadwall. [Local, U.S.]

Speckled-bill

Spec"kled-bill" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons).

Speckledness

Spec"kled*ness, n. The quality of being speckled.

Specksioneer

Speck`sion*eer" (?), n. The chief harpooner, who also directs in cutting up the speck, or blubber; -- so called among whalers.

Speckt

Speckt (?), n. A woodpecker. See Speight.

Spectacle

Spec"ta*cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. spectaculum, fr. spectare to look at, to behold, v. intens. fr. specere. See Spy.]

1. Something exhibited to view; usually, something presented to view as extraordinary, or as unusual and worthy of special notice; a remarkable or noteworthy sight; a show; a pageant; a gazingstock.

O, piteous spectacle? O, bloody times! Shak.

2. A spy-glass; a looking-glass. [Obs.]

Poverty a spectacle is, as thinketh me, Through which he may his very friends see. Chaucer.

3. pl. An optical instrument consisting of two lenses set in a light frame, and worn to assist sight, to obviate some defect in the organs of vision, or to shield the eyes from bright light.

4. pl. Fig.: An aid to the intellectual sight.

Shakespeare . . . needed not the spectacles of books to read nature. Dryden.
Syn. -- Show; sight; exhibition; representation; pageant.

Spectacled

Spec"ta*cled (?), a.

1. Furnished with spectacles; wearing spectacles.

As spectacled she sits in chimney nook. Keats.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the eyes surrounded by color markings, or patches of naked skin, resembling spectacles.

Spectacled bear (Zo\'94l.), a South American bear (Tremarclos ornatus) which inhabits the high mountains of Chili and Peru. It has a light-colored ring around each eye. -- Spectacled coot, ∨ Spectacled duck (Zo\'94l.), the surf scoter, or surf duck. [Local, U.S.] -- Spectacled eider (Zo\'94l.) See Eider. -- Spectacled goose (Zo\'94l.), the gannet. -- Spectacled snake (Zo\'94l.), the cobra de capello.

Spectacular

Spec*tac"u*lar (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to a shows; of the nature of a show. "Spectacular sports." G. Hickes.

2. Adapted to excite wonder and admiration by a display of pomp or of scenic effects; as, a spectacular celebration of some event; a spectacular play.

3. Pertaining to spectacles, or glasses for the eyes. <-- 4. Unusual and striking. -->

Spectant

Spec"tant (?), a. [L. spectans, p.pr. of spectare to look at.] Looking forward.

Spectation

Spec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. spectatio.] Regard; aspect; appearance. Harvey.

Spectator

Spec*ta"tor (?), n. [L. spectator: cf. F. spectateur. See Spectacle.] One who on; one who sees or beholds; a beholder; one who is personally present at, and sees, any exhibition; as, the spectators at a show. "Devised and played to take spectators." <-- an eyewitness --> Shak. Syn. -- Looker-on; beholder; observer; witness.

Spectatorial

Spec`ta*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a spectator. Addison.

Spectatorship

Spec*ta"tor*ship (?), n.

1. The office or quality of a spectator. [R.] Addison.

2. The act of beholding. [Obs.] Shak.

Spectatress, Spectatrix

Spec*ta"tress (?), Spec*ta"trix (?), n. [L. spectatrix.] A female beholder or looker-on. "A spectatress of the whole scene." Jeffrey.

Specter, Spectre

Spec"ter, Spec"tre (?), n. [F. spectre, fr. L. spectrum an appearance, image, specter, fr. specere to look. See Spy, and cf. Spectrum.]

1. Something preternaturally visible; an apparition; a ghost; a phantom.

The ghosts of traitors from the bridge descend, With bold fanatic specters to rejoice. Dryden.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tarsius. (b) A stick insect.

Specter bat (Zo\'94l.), any phyllostome bat. -- Specter candle (Zo\'94l.), a belemnite. -- Specter shrimp (Zo\'94l.), a skeleton shrimp. See under Skeleton.

Spectioneer

Spec`tion*eer" (?), n. Same as Specsioneer.

Spectral

Spec"tral (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to a specter; ghosty.

He that feels timid at the spectral form of evil is not the man to spread light. F. W. Robertson.

2. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the spectrum; made by the spectrum; as, spectral colors; spectral analysis.

Spectral lemur. (Zo\'94l.) See Tarsius.

Spectrally

Spec"tral*ly, adv. In the form or manner of a specter.

Spectre

Spec"tre (?), n. See Specter.

Spectrological

Spec`tro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to spectrology; as, spectrological studies or experiments. -- Spec`tro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Spectrology

Spec*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Spectrum + -logy.] (Chem.Phys.) The science of spectrum analysis in any or all of its relations and applications.

Spectrometer

Spec*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Spectrum + -meter.] (Physics) A spectroscope fitted for measurements of the luminious spectra observed with it.

Spectrophotometer

Spec`tro*pho*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Spectrum + photometer.] (Opt.) An instrument for measuring or comparing the intensites of the colors of the spectrum.

Spectroscope

Spec"tro*scope (?), n. [Spectrum + -scope.] (Physics) An optical instrument for forming and examining spectra (as that of solar light, or those produced by flames in which different substances are volatilized), so as to determine, from the position of the spectral lines, the composition of the substance.

Spectroscopic, Spectroscopical

Spec`tro*scop"ic (?), Spec`tro*scop"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a spectroscope, or spectroscopy. -- Spec`tro*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Spectroscopist

Spec*tros"co*pist (? ∨ ?), n. One who investigates by means of a spectroscope; one skilled in the use of the spectroscope.

Spectroscopy

Spec*tros"co*py (?), n. The use of the spectroscope; investigations made with the spectroscope.

Spectrum

Spec"trum (?), n.; pl. Spectra (#). [L. See Specter.]

1. An apparition; a specter. [Obs.]

2. (Opt.) (a) The several colored and other rays of which light is composed, separated by the refraction of a prism or other means, and observed or studied either as spread out on a screen, by direct vision, by photography, or otherwise. See Illust. of Light, and Spectroscope. (b) A luminous appearance, or an image seen after the eye has been exposed to an intense light or a strongly illuminated object. When the object is colored, the image appears of the complementary color, as a green image seen after viewing a red wafer lying on white paper. Called also ocular spectrum.

Absorption spectrum, the spectrum of light which has passed through a medium capable of absorbing a portion of the rays. It is characterized by dark spaces, bands, or lines. -- Chemical spectrum, a spectrum of rays considered solely with reference to their chemical effects, as in photography. These, in the usual photogrophic methods, have their maximum influence at and beyond the violet rays, but are not limited to this region. -- Chromatic spectrum, the visible colored rays of the solar spectrum, exhibiting the seven principal colors in their order, and covering the central and larger portion of the space of the whole spectrum. -- Continous spectrum, a spectrum not broken by bands or lines, but having the colors shaded into each other continously, as that from an incandescent solid or liquid, or a gas under high pressure. -- Diffraction spectrum, a spectrum produced by diffraction, as by a grating. -- Gaseous spectrum, the spectrum of an incandesoent gas or vapor, under moderate, or especially under very low, pressure. It is characterized by bright bands or lines. -- Normal spectrum, a representation of a spectrum arranged upon conventional plan adopted as standard, especially a spectrum in which the colors are spaced proportionally to their wave lengths, as when formed by a diffraction grating. -- Ocular spectrum. See Spectrum, 2 (b), above. -- Prismatic spectrum, a spectrum produced by means of a prism. -- Solar spectrum, the spectrum of solar light, especially as thrown upon a screen in a darkened room. It is characterized by numerous dark lines called Fraunhofer lines. -- Spectrum analysis, chemical analysis effected by comparison of the different relative positions and qualities of the fixed lines of spectra produced by flames in which different substances are burned or evaporated, each substance having its own characteristic system of lines. -- Thermal spectrum, a spectrum of rays considered solely with reference to their heating effect, especially of those rays which produce no luminous phenomena.

Specular

Spec"u*lar (?), a. [L. specularis (cf., from the same root, specula a lookout, watchtower): cf. F. sp\'82culaire. See Speculum.]

1. Having the qualities of a speculum, or mirror; having a smooth, reflecting surface; as, a specular metal; a specular surface.

2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a speculum; conducted with the aid of a speculum; as, a specular examination.

3. Assisting sight, as a lens or the like. [Obs.]

Thy specular orb Apply to well-dissected kernels; lo! In each observe the slender threads Of first-beginning trees. J. Philips.

4. Affording view. [R.] "Look once more, ere we leave this specular mount." Milton.

Specular iron. (Min.) See Hematite.

Speculate

Spec"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Speculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Speculating.] [L. speculatus, p.p. of speculari to spy out, observe, fr. specula a lookout, fr. specere to look. See Spy.]

1. To consider by turning a subject in the mind, and viewing it in its different aspects and relations; to meditate; to contemplate; to theorize; as, to speculate on questions in religion; to speculate on political events.

It is remarkable that persons who speculate the most boldly often conform with the most pefect quietude to the external regulations of society. Hawthorne.

2. (Philos.) To view subjects from certain premises given or assumed, and infer conclusions respecting them a priori.

3. (Com.) To purchase with the expectation of a contingent advance in value, and a consequent sale at a profit; -- often, in a somewhat depreciative sense, of unsound or hazardous transactions; as, to speculate in coffee, in sugar, or in bank stock. <-- (finance) -->

Speculate

Spec"u*late, v. t. To consider attentively; as, to speculate the nature of a thing. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

Speculation

Spec`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. speculatio a spying out, observation: cf. F. sp\'82culation.]

1. The act of speculating. Specifically: -- (a) Examination by the eye; view. [Obs.] (b) Mental view of anything in its various aspects and relations; contemplation; intellectual examination.

Thenceforth to speculations high or deep I turned my thoughts. Milton.
(c) (Philos.) The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or assumed. (d) (Com.) The act or practice of buying land, goods, shares, etc., in expectation of selling at a higher price, or of selling with the expectation of repurchasing at a lower price; a trading on anticipated fluctuations in price, as distinguished from trading in which the profit expected is the difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or the difference of price in different markets. <-- buying long is considered speculation only when the time of holding the object is short. Longer-term trading (> 1 year) is considered investment. -->
Sudden fortunes, indeed, are sometimes made in such places, by what is called the trade of speculation. A. Smith.
Speculation, while confined within moderate limits, is the agent for equalizing supply and demand, and rendering the fluctuations of price less sudden and abrupt than they would otherwise be. F. A. Walker.
(e) Any business venture in involving unusual risks, with a chance for large profits.

2. A conclusion to which the mind comes by speculating; mere theory; view; notion; conjecture.

From him Socrates derived the principles of morality, and most part of his natural speculations. Sir W. temple.
To his speculations on these subjects he gave the lofty name of the "Oracles of Reason." Macaulay.

3. Power of sight. [Obs.]

Thou hast no speculation in those eyes. Shak.

4. A game at cards in which the players buy from one another trumps or whole hands, upon a chance of getting the highest trump dealt, which entitles the holder to the pool of stakes.

Speculatist

Spec"u*la*tist (?), n. One who speculates, or forms theories; a speculator; a theorist.
The very ingenious speculatist, Mr. Hume. V. Knox.

Speculative

Spec"u*la*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. sp\'82culatif, L. speculativus.]

1. Given to speculation; contemplative.

The mind of man being by nature speculative. Hooker.

2. Involving, or formed by, speculation; ideal; theoretical; not established by demonstration. Cudworth.

3. Of or pertaining to vision; also, prying; inquisitive; curious. [R.] Bacon.

4. Of or pertaining to speculation in land, goods, shares, etc.; as, a speculative dealer or enterprise. <-- 5. (Finance) More risky than typical investments; not investment grade. -->

The speculative merchant exercises no one regular, established, or well-known branch of business. A. Smith.
-- Spec"u*la*tive*ly, adv. -- Spec"u*la*tive*ness, n.

Speculator

Spec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L., a spy, explorer, investigator: cf. F. sp\'82culateur.] One who speculates. Specifically: (a) An observer; a contemplator; hence, a spy; a watcher. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. (b) One who forms theories; a theorist.
A speculator who had dared to affirm that the human soul is by nature mortal. Macaulay.
(c) (Com.) One who engages in speculation; one who buys and sells goods, land, etc., with the expectation of deriving profit from fluctuations in price.
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Speculatorial

Spec`u*la*to"ri*al (?), a. Speculatory; speculative. [Obs.]

Speculatory

Spec"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. speculatorius belonging to spies or scouts.]

1. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying; having oversight. T. Warton.

2. Exercising speculation; speculative. T. Carew.

Speculist

Spec"u*list (?), n. One who observes or considers; an observer. [R.] Goldsmith.

Speculum

Spec"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Specula (#), E. Speculum (#). [L., fr. specere to look, behold. See Spy.]

1. A mirror, or looking-glass; especially, a metal mirror, as in Greek and Roman arch\'91ology.

2. A reflector of polished metal, especially one used in reflecting telescopes. See Speculum metal, below.

3. (Surg.) An instrument for dilating certain passages of the body, and throwing light within them, thus facilitating examination or surgical operations.

4. (Zo\'94l.)/fld> A bright and lustrous patch of color found on the wings of ducks and some other birds. It is usually situated on the distal portions of the secondary quills, and is much more brilliant in the adult male than in the female.

Speculum metal, a hard, brittle alloy used for making the reflectors of telescopes and other instruments, usually consisting of copper and tin in various proportions, one of the best being that in which there are 126.4 parts of copper to 58.9 parts of tin, with sometimes a small proportion of arsenic, antimony, or zinc added to improve the whiteness.

Sped

Sped (?), imp. & p. p. of Speed.

Speece

Speece (?), n. Species; sort. [Obs.]

Speech

Speech (?), n. [OE. speche, AS. sp, spr, fr. specan, sprecan, to speak; akin to D. spraak speech, OHG. spr\'behha, G. sprache, Sw. spr, Dan. sprog. See Speak.]

1. The faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words; the faculty of expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds; the power of speaking.

There is none comparable to the variety of instructive expressions by speech, wherewith man alone is endowed for the communication of his thoughts. Holder.

2. he act of speaking; that which is spoken; words, as expressing ideas; language; conversation. &hand; Speech is voice modulated by the throat, tongue, lips, etc., the modulation being accomplished by changing the form of the cavity of the mouth and nose through the action of muscles which move their walls.

O goode God! how gentle and how kind Ye seemed by your speech and your visage The day that maked was our marriage. Chaucer.
The acts of God . . . to human ears Can nort without process of speech be told. Milton.

3. A particular language, as distinct from others; a tongue; a dialect.

People of a strange speech and of an hard language. Ezek. iii. 6.

4. Talk; mention; common saying.

The duke . . . did of me demand What was the speech among the Londoners Concerning the French journey. Shak.

5. formal discourse in public; oration; harangue.

The constant design of these orators, in all their speeches, was to drive some one particular point. Swift.

6. ny declaration of thoughts.

I. with leave of speech implored, . . . replied. Milton.
Syn. Harangue; language; address; oration. See Harangue, and Language.

Speech

Speech, v. i. & t. To make a speech; to harangue. [R.]

Speechful

Speech"ful (?), a. Full of speech or words; voluble; loquacious. [R.]

Speechification

Speech`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.[See Spechify.] The act of speechifying. [Used humorously or in contempt.]

Speechifier

Speech"i*fi`er (?), n. One who makes a speech or speeches; an orator; a declaimer. [Used humorously or in contempt.] G. Eliot.

Speechify

Speech"i*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Speechified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Speechifying (?).] [Speech + -fy.] To make a speech; to harangue. [Used derisively or humorously.]

Speechifying

Speech"i*fy`ing, n. The act of making a speech or speeches. [Used derisively or humorously.]
The dinner and speechifying . . . at the opening of the annual season for the buckhounds. M. Arnold.

Speeching

Speech"ing, n. The act of making a speech. [R.]

Speechless

Speech"less, a.

1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.

2. Not speaking for a time; dumb; mute; silent.

Speechless with wonder, and half dead with fear. Addison.
-- Speech"less*ly, adv. -- Speech"less*ness, n.

Speechmaker

Speech"mak`er (?), n. One who makes speeches; one accustomed to speak in a public assembly.

Speed

Speed (?), n. [AS. sp success, swiftness, from sp to succeed; akin to D. spoedd, OHG. spuot success, spuot to succees, Skr. sph\'be to increase, grow fat. &root;170b.]

1. Prosperity in an undertaking; favorable issue; success. "For common speed." Chaucer.

O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good speed this day. Gen. xxiv. 12.

2. The act or state of moving swiftly; swiftness; velocity; rapidly; rate of motion; dispatch; as, the speed a horse or a vessel.

Speed, to describe whose swiftness number fails. Milton.
&hand; In kinematics, speedis sometimes used to denote the amount of velocity without regard to direction of motion, while velocity is not regarded as known unless both the direction and the amount are known.

3. One who, or that which, causes or promotes speed or success. [Obs.] "Hercules be thy speed!" Shak.

God speed, Good speed; prosperity. See Godspeed. -- Speed gauge, Speed indicator, ∧ Speed recorder (Mach.), devices for indicating or recording the rate of a body's motion, as the number of revolutions of a shaft in a given time. -- Speed lathe (Mach.), a power lathe with a rapidly revolving spindle, for turning small objects, for polishing, etc.; a hand lathe. -- Speed pulley, a cone pulley with steps. Syn. -- Haste; swiftness; celerity; quickness; dispatch; expedition; hurry; acceleration. See Haste.

Speed

Speed (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sped (?), Speeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Speeding.] [AS. sp, fr. sp, n.; akin to D. spoeden, G. sich sputen. See Speed, n.]

1. To go; to fare. [Obs.]

To warn him now he is too farre sped. Remedy of Love.

2. To experience in going; to have any condition, good or ill; to fare. Shak.

Ships heretofore in seas lke fishes sped; The mightiest still upon the smallest fed. Waller.

3. To fare well; to have success; to prosper.

Save London, and send true lawyers their meed! For whoso wants money with them shall not speed! Lydgate.
I told ye then he should prevail, and speed On his bad errand. Milton.

4. To make haste; to move with celerity.

I have speeded hither with the very extremest inch of possibility. Shak.

5. To be expedient. [Obs.] Wyclif (2 Cor. xii. 1.)

Speed

Speed, v. t.

1. To cause to be successful, or to prosper; hence, to aid; to favor. "Fortune speed us!" Shak.

With rising gales that speed their happy flight. Dryden.

2. To cause to make haste; to dispatch with celerity; to drive at full speed; hence, to hasten; to hurry.

He sped him thence home to his habitation. Fairfax.

3. To hasten to a conclusion; to expedite.

Judicial acts . . . are sped in open court at the instance of one or both of the parties. Ayliffe.

4. To hurry to destruction; to put an end to; to ruin; to undo. "Sped with spavins." Shak.

A dire dilemma! either way I 'm sped. If foes, they write, if friends, they read, me dead. Pope.

5. To wish success or god fortune to, in any undertaking, especially in setting out upon a journey.

Welkome the coming, speed the parting guest. Pope.
God speed you, them, etc., may God speed you; or, may you have good speed. Syn. -- To depatch; hasten; expedite; accelerate; hurry.

Speeder

Speed"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, speeds.

2. (Spinning) A machine for drawing and twisting slivers to form rovings.

Speedful

Speed"ful (?), a. Full of speed (in any sense). [Obs.]

Speedfully

Speed"ful*ly, adv. In a speedful manner. [Obs.]

Speedily

Speed"i*ly (?), adv. In a speedy manner.

Speediness

Speed"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being speedy.

Speedless

Speed"less, a. Being without speed.

Speedwell

Speed"well (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Veronica, mostly low herbs with pale blue corollas, which quickly fall off.

Speedy

Speed"y (?), a. [Compar. Speedier (?); superl. Speediest.] [AS. sp.] Not dilatory or slow; quick; swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in motion or performance; as, a speedy flight; on speedy foot.
I will wish her speedy strength. Shak.
Darts, which not the good could shun, The speedy ould outfly. Dryden.

Speer

Speer (?), n. A sphere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Speer

Speer, v. t. To ask. [Scot.] See Spere.

Speet

Speet (?), v. t. [Cf. D. speten. See Spit an iron prong.] To stab. [Obs.] Gammer Gurton's Needle.

Speight

Speight (?), n. [G. specht, probably akin to L. picus: cf. D. specht. &root;169. See Pie a magpie.] (Zo\'94l.) A woodpecker; -- called also specht, spekt, spight. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Speir

Speir (?), v. i. To ask. See Spere. Sir W. Scott.

Speiskobalt

Speis`ko"balt (?), n. [G.] Smaltite.

Speiss

Speiss (?), n. [Cf. G. speise food, mixed metal for bells, etc.] (Metal.) A regulus consisting essentially of nickel, obtained as a residue in fusing cobalt and nickel ores with silica and sodium carbonate to make smalt.

Spekboom

Spek"boom (?), n. [D., lit. fat tree.] (Bot.) The purslane tree of South Africa, -- said to be the favorite food of elephants. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Speke

Speke (?), v. i. & t. To speak. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Spekehouse

Speke"house` (?), n. The parlor or reception room of a convent. [Obs.]

Spelding

Spel"ding (?), n. [Scot. speld to spread out, spelder to split. spread open; cf. G. spalten split.] A haddock or other small fish split open and dried in the sun; -- called also speldron. [Scot.]

Spelicans

Spel"i*cans (?), n. pl. See Spilikin.

Spelk

Spelk (?), n. [AS. spelc, spilc, a little rod by which a thing is kept straight, a splint for binding up broken bones, akin to Icel. spelkur, pl., a splint. Cf. Spell a splinter.] A small stick or rod used as a spike in thatching; a splinter. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Spell

Spell (?), n. [OE. speld, AS. speld a spill to light a candle with; akin to D. speld a pin, OD. spelle, G. spalten to split, OHG. spaltan, MHG. spelte a splinter, Icel. spjald a square tablet, Goth. spilda a writing tablet. Cf. Spillsplinter, roll of paper, Spell to tell the letters of.] A spelk, or splinter. [Obs.] Holland.

Spell

Spell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spelling.] [AS. spelian to supply another's place.] To supply the place of for a time; to take the turn of, at work; to relieve; as, to spell the helmsman.

Spell

Spell, n.

1. The relief of one person by another in any piece of work or wathing; also, a turn at work which is carried on by one person or gang relieving another; as, a spellat the pumps; a spell at the masthead.

A spell at the wheel isc called a trick. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

2. The time during which one person or gang works until relieved; hence, any relatively short period of time, whether a few hours, days, or weeks.

Nothing new hass happened in this quarter, except the setting in of a severe spell of cold weather. Washington.

3. One of two or more persons or gangs who work by spells. [R.]

Their toil is so extreme that they can not endure it above four hours in a day, but are succeeded by spells. Garew.

4. A gratuitous helping forward of another's work; as, a logging spell. [Local, U.S.]

Spell

Spell (?), n.[AS. spell a saying, tale, speech; akin to OS. & OHG. spel, Icel. spjall,Goth. spill. Cf. Gospel, Spell to tell the letters of.]

1. A story; a tale. [Obs.] "Hearken to my spell." Chaucer.

2. A stanza, verse, or phrase supposed to be endowed with magical power; an incantation; hence, any charm.

Start not; her actions shall be holy as You hear my spell is lawful. Shak.

Spell

Spell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spelled ( or Spelt (; p. pr. & vb. n. Spelling.] [OE. spellen, spellien, tell, relate, AS. spellian, fr. spell a saying, tale; akin to MHG. spellen to relate, Goth. spill.e Spell a tale. In sense 4 and those following, OE. spellen, perhaps originally a different word, and from or influenced by spell a splinter, from the use of a piece of wood to point to the letters in schools: cf. D. spellen to spell. Cf. Spell splinter.]

1. To tell; to relate; to teach. [Obs.]

Might I that legend find, By fairies spelt in mystic rhymes. T. Warton.

2. To put under the influence of a spell; to affect by a spell; to bewitch; to fascinate; to charm. "Spelled with words of power." Dryden.

He was much spelled with Eleanor Talbot. Sir G. Buck.

3. To constitute; to measure. [Obs.]

The Saxon heptarchy, when seven kings put together did spell but one in effect. Fuller.

4. To tell or name in their proper order letters of, as a word; to write or print in order the letters of, esp. the proper letters; to form, as words, by correct orthography.

The word "satire" ought to be spelled with i, and not with y. Dryden.

5. To discover by characters or marks; to read with difficulty; -- usually with out; as, to spell out the sense of an author; to spell out a verse in the Bible.

To spell out a God in the works of creation. South.
To sit spelling and observing divine justice upon every accident. Milton.

Spell

Spell, v. i.

1. To form words with letters, esp. with the proper letters, either orally or in writing.

When what small knowledge was, in them did dwell, And he a god, who could but read or spell. Dryden.

2. To study by noting characters; to gain knowledge or learn the meaning of anything, by study. [Obs.]

Where I may sit and rightly spell Of every star that heaven doth shew, And every herb that sips the dew. Milton.

Spellable

Spell"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being spelt. Carlyle.

Spellbound

Spell"bound` (?), a. Bound by, or as by, a spell.

Speller

Spell"er (?), n.

1. One who spells.

2. A spelling book. [U. S.]

Spellful

Spell"ful (?), a. Abounding in spells, or charms.
Here, while his eyes the learned leaves peruse, Each spellful mystery explained he views. Hoole.

Spelling

Spell"ing, n. The act of one who spells; formation of words by letters; orthography.

Spelling

Spell"ing, a. Of or pertaining to spelling. Spelling bee, a spelling match. [U.S.] -- Spelling book, a book with exercises for teaching children to spell; a speller. -- Spelling match, a contest of skill in spelling words, between two or more persons.

Spellken

Spell"ken (?), n. A theater. [Slang] Byron.

Spellwork

Spell"work` (?), n. Power or effect of magic; that which is wrought by magic; enchantment.
Like those Peri isles of light That hang by spellwork in the air. Moore.

Spelt

Spelt (?), imp. & p. p. of Spell. Spelled.

Spelt

Spelt, n. [AS. spelt, fr. L. spelta.] (Bot.) A species of grain (Triticum Spelta) much cultivated for food in Germany and Switzerland; -- called also German wheat.

Spelt

Spelt, n. [See Spalt.] (Metal.) Spelter. [Colloq.]

Spelt

Spelt, v. t. & i. [See Spell a splinter.] To split; to break; to spalt. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Spelter

Spel"ter (?), n. [Cf. LG. spialter, G. & D. spiauter. Cf. Pewter.] (Metal.) Zinc; -- especially so called in commerce and arts.

Spelunc

Spe*lunc" (?), n. [L. spelunca cave.] A cavern; a cave. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Spence

Spence (?), n. [OF. despense, F. d\'82pense, buffet, buttery, fr. OF. despendre to spend, distribute, L. dispendere, dispensum. See Dispense, Spend.]

1. A place where provisions are kept; a buttery; a larder; a pantry. <-- Chiefly Brit. dial. [MW10] -->

In . . . his spence, or "pantry" were hung the carcasses of a sheep or ewe, and two cows lately slaughtered. Sir W. Scott.
Bluff Harry broke into the spence, And turned the cowls adrift. Tennyson.

2. The inner apartment of a country house; also, the place where the family sit and eat. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Spencer

Spen"cer (?), n. [OF. despensier. See Spence, and cf. Dispenser.] One who has the care of the spence, or buttery. [Obs.] Promptorium Parvulorum.

Spencer

Spen"cer, n. [From the third Earl Spencer, who first wore it, or brought it into fashion.] A short jacket worn by men and by women. Ld. Lutton.

Spencer

Spen"cer, n. (Naut.) A fore-and-aft sail, abaft the foremast or the mainmast, hoisted upon a small supplementary mast and set with a gaff and no boom; a trysail carried at the foremast or mainmast; -- named after its inventor, Knight Spencer, of England [1802]. Spencer mast, a small mast just abaft the foremast or mainmast, for hoisting the spencer. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Spend

Spend (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spent (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spending.] [AS. spendan (in comp.), fr. L. expendere or dispendere to weigh out, to expend, dispense. See Pendant, and cf. Dispend, Expend, Spence, Spencer.]

1. To weigh or lay out; to dispose of; to part with; as, to spend money for clothing.

Spend thou that in the town. Shak.
Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? Isa. lv. 2.
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2. To bestow; to employ; -- often with on or upon.

I . . . am never loath To spend my judgment. Herbert.

3. To consume; to waste; to squander; to exhaust; as, to spend an estate in gaming or other vices.

4. To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away; as, to spend a day idly; to spend winter abroad.

We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9.

5. To exhaust of force or strength; to waste; to wear away; as, the violence of the waves was spent.

Their bodies spent with long labor and thirst. Knolles.

Spend

Spend (?), v. i.

1. To expend money or any other possession; to consume, use, waste, or part with, anything; as, he who gets easily spends freely.

He spends as a person who knows that he must come to a reckoning. South.

2. To waste or wear away; to be consumed; to lose force or strength; to vanish; as, energy spends in the using of it.

The sound spendeth and is dissipated in the open air. Bacon.

3. To be diffused; to spread.

The vines that they use for wine are so often cut, that their sap spendeth into the grapes. Bacon.

4. (Mining) To break ground; to continue working.

Spender

Spen"der (?), n. One who spends; esp., one who spends lavishly; a prodigal; a spendthrift.

Spending

Spend"ing, n. The act of expending; expenditure. Spending money, money set apart for extra (not necessary) personal expenses; pocket money. [Colloq.]

Spendthrift

Spend"thrift` (?), n. One who spends money profusely or improvidently; a prodigal; one who lavishes or wastes his estate. Also used figuratively.
A woman who was a generous spendthrift of life. Mrs. R. H. Davis.

Spendthrift

Spend"thrift, a. Prodigal; extravagant; wasteful.

Spendthrifty

Spend"thrift`y (?), a. Spendthrift; prodigal. [R.]

Spenserian

Spen*se"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the English poet Spenser; -- specifically applied to the stanza used in his poem "The Fa\'89rie Queene."

Spent

Spent (?), a.

1. Exhausted; worn out; having lost energy or motive force.

Now thou seest me Spent, overpowered, despairing of success. Addison.
Heaps of spent arrows fall and strew the ground. Dryden.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Exhausted of spawn or sperm; -- said especially of fishes.

Spent ball, a ball shot from a firearm, which reaches an object without having sufficient force to penetrate it.

Sper, Sperre

Sper (?), Sperre, v. t. [See Spar bar.] To shut in; to support; to inclose; to fasten. [Obs.] "To sperre the gate." Spenser.

Sperable

Spe"ra*ble (?), a. [L. spearabilis, fr. sperare to hope.] Within the range of hpe; proper to be hoped for. [Obs.] Bacon.

Sperable

Sper"a*ble (?), n. See Sperable.

Sperage

Sper"age (?), n. Asperagus. [Obs.] Sylvester.

Sperate

Spe"rate (?), a. [L. speratus, p. p. of sperare to hope.] Hoped for, or to be hoped for. [R.] Bouvier.

Spere

Spere (?), v. i. [AS. spyrian to inquire, properly, to follow the track; akin to D. speuren, G. sp\'81ren, Icel. spyrja. &root;171. See Spoor.] To search; to pry; to ask; to inquire. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [Written also speer, speir.] Jamieson.

Spere

Spere, n. [See Sphere.] A sphere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sperge

Sperge (?), n. (Distilling) A charge of wash for the still. Knight.

Sperling

Sper"ling (?), n. [See Sparling.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A smelt; a sparling. [Prov. Eng.] (b) A young herring. [Local, U.S.]

Sperm

Sperm (?), n.[F. sperme, L. sperma, Gr. Spore.] (Physiol.) The male fecundating fluid; semen. See Semen. Sperm cell (Physiol.), one of the cells from which the spermatozoids are developed. -- Sperm morula. (Biol.) Same as Spermosphere.

Sperm

Sperm, n.[Contr. fr. spermaceti.] Spermaceti. Sperm oil, a fatty oil found as a liquid, with spermaceti, in the head cavities of the sperm whale. -- Sperm whale. (Zo\'94l.) See in the Vocabulary.

Spermaceti

Sper`ma*ce"ti (?), n. [L. sperma sperm + cetus,gen. ceti, any large sea animal, a whale, Gr. Sperm, Cetaceous.] A white waxy substance obtained from cavities in the head of the sperm whale, and used making candles, oilments, cosmetics, etc. It consists essentially of ethereal salts of palmitic acid with ethal and other hydrocarbon bases. The substance of spermaceti after the removal of certain impurities is sometimes called cetin. Spermaceti whale (Zo\'94l.), the sperm whale.

Spermalist

Sper"mal*ist (?), n. (Biol.) See Spermist.

Spermaphore

Sper"ma*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) That part of the ovary from which the ovules arise; the placenta.

Spermary

Sper"ma*ry (?), n. (Anat.) An organ in which spermatozoa are developed; a sperm gland; a testicle.

Spermatheca

Sper`ma*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Spermathec\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A small sac connected with the female reproductive organs of insects and many other invertebrates, serving to receive and retain the spermatozoa.

Spermatic

Sper*mat"ic (?), a. [L. spermaticus, Gr. spermatique. See Sperm.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to semen; as, the spermatic fluid, the spermatic vessels, etc. Spermatic cord (Anat.), the cord which suspends the testicle within the scrotum. It is made up of a connective tissue sheath inclosing the spermatic duct and accompanying vessels and nerves.

Spermatical

Sper"mat"ic*al (?), a. Spermatic.

Spermatin

Sper"ma*tin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance allied to alkali albumin and to mucin, present in semen, to which it is said to impart the mucilaginous character.

Spermatism

Sper"ma*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) The emission of sperm, or semen.

Spermatium

Sper*ma"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Spermatia (#). [NL.] (Bot.) One of the motionless spermatozoids in the conceptacles of certain fungi. J. H. Balfour.

Spermatize

Sper"ma*tize (?), v. i. [Gr. Sperm.] To yield seed; to emit seed, or sperm. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Spermato-, Spermo-

Sper"ma*to- (?), Sper"mo- (?). Combining forms from Gr. seed, sperm, semen (of plants or animals); as, spermatoblast, spermoblast.

Spermatoblast

Sper"ma*to*blast (?), n. Same as Spermoblast.

Spermatocyte

Sper"ma*to*cyte (?), n. [Spermato- + Gr. (Physiol.) Same as Spermoblast.

Spermatogemma

Sper`ma*to*gem"ma (?), n. [NL. See Spermato-, and Gemma.] (Physiol.) Same as Spermosphere.

Spermatogenesis

Sper`ma*to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Spermato- + genesis.] (Biol.) The development of the spermatozoids.

Spermatogenetic

Sper`ma*to*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to, or connected with, spermatogenesis; as, spermatogenetic function.

Spermatogenous

Sper`ma*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Spermato- + -genous.] (Physiol.) Sperm-producing.

Spermatogonium

Sper`ma*to*go"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) A primitive seminal cell, occuring in masses in the seminal tubules. It divides into a mass (spermosphere) of small cells (spermoblast), which in turn give rise to spermatozoids.

Spermatoid

Sper"ma*toid (?), a. [Spermato- + -oid.] (Physiol.) Spermlike; resembling sperm, or semen.

Spermato\'94n

Sper`ma*to"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Spermatoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A spermoblast. -- Sper`ma*to"al (#), a. Owen.

Spermatophore

Sper"ma*to*phore (?), n. [Spermato- + Gr.

1. (Physiol.) Same as Spermospore.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A capsule or pocket inclosing a number of spermatozoa. They are present in many annelids, brachiopods, mollusks, and crustaceans. In cephalopods the structure of the capsule is very complex.

Spermatophorous

Sper`ma*toph"o*rous (?), a. (Physiol.) Producing seed, or sperm; seminiferous; as, the so-called spermatophorous cells.

Spermatorrhea, Spermatorrh\'d2a

Sper`ma*tor*rhe"a, Sper`ma*tor*rh\'d2"a, (, n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Abnormally frequent involuntary emission of the semen without copulation.

Spermatospore

Sper"ma*to*spore (?), n. Same as Spermospore.

Spermatozoid

Sper`ma*to*zo"id (?), n. [Spermatozo\'94n + Gr. (Biol.) The male germ cell in animals and plants, the essential element in fertilization; a microscopic animalcule-like particle, usually provided with one or more cilia by which it is capable of active motion. In animals, the familiar type is that of a small, more or less ovoid head, with a delicate threadlike cilium, or tail. Called also spermatozo\'94n. In plants the more usual term is antherozoid.

Spermatozooid

Sper`ma*to*zo"oid (?) n. (Biol.) A spermatozoid.

Spermatozo\'94n

Sper`ma*to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Spermatozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) Same as Spermatozoid.

Spermic

Sper"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to sperm, or semen.

Spermidium

Sper*mid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Spermidia (#). [Nl., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An achenium.

Spermist

Sperm"ist (?), n. (Biol.) A believer in the doctrine, formerly current, of encasement in the male (see Encasement), in which the seminal thread, or spermatozoid, was considered as the real animal germ, the head being the true animal head and the tail the body.

Spermoblast

Sper"mo*blast (?), n. [Spermo- + -blast.] (Physiol.) One of the cells formed by the diivision of the spermospore, each of which is destined to become a spermatozoid; a spermatocyte; a spermatoblast.

Spermococcus

Sper`mo*coc"cus (?), n. [NL. See Spermo-, and Coccus.] (Physiol.) The nucleus of the sperm cell.

Spermoderm

Sper"mo*derm (?), n. [Spermo- + derm: cf. F. spermoderme.] (Bot.) The covering of a seed; -- sometimes limited to the outer coat or testa. Lindley.

Spermogonium

Sper`mo*go"ni*um (?), n. [NL.; spermo- + Gr. (Bot.) A conceptacle of certain lichens, which contains spermatia.

Spermologist

Sper*mol"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who treats of, or collects, seeds. Bailey.

Spermophile

Sper"mo*phile (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus; gopher. See Illust. under Gopher.

Spermophore

Sper"mo*phore (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A spermatophore.

Spermophyta

Sper*moph"y*ta (?), n. pl. [Nl., from Gr. Plants which produce seed; ph\'91nogamia. These plants constitute the highest grand division of the vegetable kingdom.

Spermophyte

Sper"mo*phyte (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant which produces true seeds; -- a term recently proposed to replace ph&ae;nogam.

Spermophytic

Sper`mo*phyt"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Capable of producing seeds; ph&ae;nogamic.

Spermoplasma

Sper`mo*plas"ma (?), n. [NL. See Spermo-, and Plasma.] (Physiol.) The protoplasm of the sperm cell. Haeckel.

Spermosphere

Sper"mo*sphere (?), n. [Spermo- + sphere.] (Physiol.) A mass or ball of cells formed by the repeated division of a male germinal cell (spermospore), each constituent cell (spermoblast) of which is converted into a spermatozoid; a spermatogemma.

Spermospore

Sper"mo*spore (?), n. [Spermo- + spore.] (Physiol.) The male germinal or seminal cell, from the breaking up of which the spermoblasts are formed and ultimately the spermatozoids; a spermatospore. Balfour.

Spermule

Sper"mule (?), n. [Dim. fr. sperm.] (Physiol.) A sperm cell. Haeckel.

Sperm whale

Sperm" whale` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A very large toothed whale (Physeter macrocephalus), having a head of enormous size. The upper jaw is destitute of teeth. In the upper part of the head, above the skull, there is a large cavity, or case, filled with oil and spermaceti. This whale sometimes grows to the length of more than eighty feet. It is found in the warmer parts of all the oceans. Called also cachalot, and spermaceti whale. Pygmy sperm whale (Zo\'94l.), a small whale (Kogia breviceps), seldom twenty feet long, native of tropical seas, but occasionally found on the American coast. Called also snub-nosed cachalot. -- Sperm-whale porpoise (Zo\'94l.), a toothed cetacean (Hypero\'94don bidens), found on both sides of the Atlantic and valued for its oil. The adult becomes about twenty-five feet long, and its head is very large and thick. Called also bottle-nosed whale.

Sperrylite

Sper"ry*lite (?), n.[Named after F. L. Sperry, who discovered it.] (Min.) An arsenide of platinum occuring in grains and minute isometric crystals of tin-white color. It is found near Sudbury, Ontario Canada, and is the only known compound of platinum occuring in nature.

Sperse

Sperse (?), v. t. To disperse. [Obs.] Spenser.

Spessartite

Spes"sart*ite (?), n.[From Spessart, in Germany.] (Min.) A manganesian variety of garnet.

Spet

Spet (?), v. t. [AS. sp. See Spit.] To spit; to throw out. [Obs.]

Spet

Spet, n. Spittle. [Obs.]

Spetches

Spetch"es (?), n. pl. Parings and refuse of hides, skins, etc., from which glue is made.

Spew

Spew (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spewed (?); p. pr.& vb. n. Spewing.] [OE. spewen, speowen, AS. sp\'c6wan;n to D. spuwen to spit. OS & OHG. sp\'c6wan, G. speien, Icel. sp to spew, Sw. spy, Dan. spye, Goth. spiewan, th. spjauti, L. spuere to split, Gr. shtiv, shth\'c6v. Cf. Pyke, Spit.] [Written also spue.]

1. To eject from the stomach; to vomit.

2. To cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to eject.

Because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spew thee out of my mouth. Rev. ii. 16.

Spew

Spew, v. i.

1. To vomit. Chaucer.

2. To eject seed, as wet land swollen with frost.

Spew

Spew, n. That which is vomited; vomit.

Spewer

Spew"er (?), n. One who spews.

Spewiness

Spew"i*ness (?), n. The state of being spewy.

Spewy

Spew"y (?), a. Wet; soggy; inclined to spew.

Sphacel

Sphac"el (?), n. [Gr. sphac\'8ale.] (Med.) Gangrene.

Spacelate

Spac"e*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sphacelated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sphacelating.] [NL. sphacelare, sphacelatum, mortify: cf. F. sphac\'82ler. See Sphacelus.] (Med.) To die, decay, or become gangrenous, as flesh or bone; to mortify.

Sphacelate

Sphac"e*late, v. t. (Med.) To affect with gangrene.

Sphacelate, Sphacelated

Sphac"e*late (?), Sphac"e*la`ted (?), a. (Med.) Affected with gangrene; mortified.
Page 1384

Sphacelation

Sphac`e*la"tion (?), n. (Med.) The process of becoming or making gangrenous; mortification.

Sphacelus

Sphac"e*lus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Gangrenous part; gangrene; slough.

Sph\'91renchyma

Sph\'91*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma as in parenchima.] (Bot.) Vegetable tissue composed of thin-walled rounded cells, -- a modification of parenchyma.

Sph\'91ridium

Sph\'91*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Sph\'91ridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar sense organ found upon the exterior of most kinds of sea urchins, and consisting of an oval or sherical head surmounting a short pedicel. It is generally supposed to be an olfactory organ.

Sph\'91rospore

Sph\'91"ro*spore (?), n. [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) One of the nonsexual spores found in red alg\'91; a tetraspore.

Sph\'91rulite

Sph\'91r"u*lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Spherulite.

Sphagnicolous

Sphag*nic"o*lous (?), a. [Sphagnum + L. colere to inhabit.] (Bot.) Growing in moss of the genus Sphagnum.

Sphagnous

Sphag"nous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to moss of the genus Sphagnum, or bog moss; abounding in peat or bog moss.

Sphagnum

Sphag"num (?), n. [NL., fr/ Gr. (Bot.) A genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with red or green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss; peat moss.

Sphalerite

Sphal"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. Blende.] (Min.) Zinc sulphide; -- called also blende, black-jack, false galena, etc. See Blende (a).

Sphene

Sphene (?), n. [F. sph\'8ane, fr. Gr. (Min.) A mineral found usually in thin, wedge-shaped crystals of a yellow or green to black color. It is a silicate of titanium and calcium; titanite.

Sphenethmoid

Sphe*neth"moid (?), a. [Sphenoid + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the sphenoidal and the ethmoidal regions of the skull, or the sphenethmoid bone; sphenethmoidal. Sphenethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of the skull which surrounds the anterior end of the brain in many amphibia; the girdle bone.

Sphenethmoid

Sphe*neth"moid, n. (Anat.) The sphenethmoid bone.

Sphenethmoidal

Sphe`neth*moid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Relating to the sphenoethmoid bone; sphenoethmoid.

Spheniscan

Sphe*nis"can (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of penguin.

Spheno-

Sphe"no- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the sphenoid bone; as in sphenomaxillary, sphenopalatine.

Sphenodon

Sphe"no*don (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hatteria.

Sphenoethmoidal

Sphe"no*eth*moid`al (?), a. (Anat.) Sphenethmoid.

Sphenogram

Sphe"no*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] A cuneiform, or arrow-headed, character.

Sphenographer

Sphe*nog"ra*pher, n. One skilled in sphenography; a sphenographist.

Sphenographic

Sphe`no*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to sphenography.

Sphenographist

Sphe*nog"ra*phist (?), n. A sphenographer.

Sphenography

Sphe*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] The art of writing in cuneiform characters, or of deciphering inscriptions made in such characters.

Sphenoid

Sphe"noid (?), a. [Gr. sph\'82no\'8bde.]

1. Wedge-shaped; as, a sphenoid crystal.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone.

Sphenoid bone (Anat.), an irregularly shaped bone in front of the occipital in the base of the skull of the higher vertebrates. It is composed of several fetal bones which become united the adult. See Alisphenoid, Basisphenoid, Orbitosphenoid, Presphenoid.

Sphenoid

Sphe"noid (?), n.

1. (Crystallog.) A wedge-shaped crystal bounded by four equal isosceles triangles. It is the hemihedral form of a square pyramid.

2. (Anat.) The sphenoid bone.

Sphenoidal

Sphe*noid"al (?), a.

1. Sphenoid.

2. (Crystalloq.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a sphenoid.

Sphenotic

Sphe*not"ic (?), a. [Spheno- + (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the sphenotic bone. Sphenotic bone (Anat.), a bone on the anterior side of the auditory capsule of many fishes, and connected with, or adjoining, the sphenoid bone.

Sphenotic

Sphe*not"ic, n. (Anat.) The sphenotic bone.

Spheral

Spher"al (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to a sphere or the spheres.

2. Rounded like a sphere; sphere-shaped; hence, symmetrical; complete; perfect.

Sphere

Sphere (?), n. [OE. spere, OF. espere, F. sph\'8are, L. sphaera,. Gr.

1. (Geom.) A body or space contained under a single surface, which in every part is equally distant from a point within called its center.

2. Hence, any globe or globular body, especially a celestial one, as the sun, a planet, or the earth.

Of celestial bodies, first the sun, A mighty sphere, he framed. Milton.

3. (Astron.) (a) The apparent surface of the heavens, which is assumed to be spherical and everywhere equally distant, in which the heavenly bodies appear to have their places, and on which the various astronomical circles, as of right ascension and declination, the equator, ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal geometrical sphere, with the astronomical and geographical circles in their proper positions on it. (b) In ancient astronomy, one of the concentric and eccentric revolving spherical transparent shells in which the stars, sun, planets, and moon were supposed to be set, and by which they were carried, in such a manner as to produce their apparent motions.

4. (Logic) The extension of a general conception, or the totality of the individuals or species to which it may be applied.

5. Circuit or range of action, knowledge, or influence; compass; province; employment; place of existence.

To be called into a huge sphere, and not to be seen to move in 't. Shak.
Taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself. Hawthorne.
Each in his hidden sphere of joy or woe Our hermit spirits dwell. Keble.

6. Rank; order of society; social positions.

7. An orbit, as of a star; a socket. [R.] Shak.

Armillary sphere, Crystalline sphere, Oblique sphere,. See under Armillary, Crystalline,. -- Doctrine of the sphere, applications of the principles of spherical trigonometry to the properties and relations of the circles of the sphere, and the problems connected with them, in astronomy and geography, as to the latitudes and longitudes, distance and bearing, of places on the earth, and the right ascension and declination, altitude and azimuth, rising and setting, etc., of the heavenly bodies; spherical geometry. -- Music of the spheres. See under Music. Syn. -- Globe; orb; circle. See Globe.

Sphere

Sphere (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sphered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sphering.]

1. To place in a sphere, or among the spheres; to insphere.

The glorious planet Sol In noble eminence enthroned and sphered Amidst the other. Shak.

2. To form into roundness; to make spherical, or spheral; to perfect. Tennyson.

Spherical, Spheric

Spher"ic*al (?), Spher"ic (?), a. [L. sphaericus, Gr. sph\'82rique.]

1. Having the form of a sphere; like a sphere; globular; orbicular; as, a spherical body.

2. Of or pertaining to a sphere.

3. Of or pertaining to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and astrology, they were set.

Knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical predominance. Shak.
Though the stars were suns, and overburned Their spheric limitations. Mrs. Browning.
Spherical angle, Spherical co\'94rdinate, Spherical excess, etc. See under Angle, Coordinate, etc. -- Spherical geometry, that branch of geometry which treats of spherical magnitudes; the doctrine of the sphere, especially of the circles described on its surface. -- Spherical harmonic analysis. See under Harmonic, a. -- Spherical lune,portion of the surface of a sphere included between two great semicircles having a common diameter. -- Spherical opening, the magnitude of a solid angle. It is measured by the portion within the solid angle of the surface of any sphere whose center is the angular point. -- Spherical polygon,portion of the surface of a sphere bounded by the arcs of three or more great circles. -- Spherical projection, the projection of the circles of the sphere upon a plane. See Projection. -- Spherical sector. See under Sector. -- Spherical segment, the segment of a sphere. See under Segment. -- Spherical triangle,re on the surface of a sphere, bounded by the arcs of three great circles which intersect each other. -- Spherical trigonometry. See Trigonometry. -- Spher"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Spher"ic*al*ness, n.

Sphericity

Sphe*ric"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. sph\'82ricit\'82.] The quality or state of being spherial; roundness; as, the sphericity of the planets, or of a drop of water.

Sphericle

Spher"i*cle (?), n. A small sphere.

Spherics

Spher"ics (?), n. (Math.) The doctrine of the sphere; the science of the properties and relations of the circles, figures, and other magnitudes of a sphere, produced by planes intersecting it; spherical geometry and trigonometry.

Spherobacteria

Sphe`ro*bac*te"ri*a (?), n. pl.; sing. Spherobacterium (. [NL. See Sphere, and Bacterium.] (Biol.) See the Note under Microbacteria.

Spheroconic

Sphe`ro*con"ic (?), n. (Geom.) A nonplane curve formed by the intersection of the surface of an oblique cone with the surface of a sphere whose center is at the vertex of the cone.

Spherograph

Spher"o*graph (?), n. [Sphere + -graph.] An instrument for facilitating the practical use of spherics in navigation and astronomy, being constructed of two cardboards containing various circles, and turning upon each other in such a manner that any possible spherical triangle may be readily found, and the measures of the parts read off by inspection.

Spheroid

Sphe"roid (?), n. [L. spheroides ball-like, spherical, Gr. sph\'82ro\'8bde.] A body or figure approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical; esp., a solid generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. Oblate spheroid, Prolate spheroid. See Oblate, Prolate, and Ellipsoid.

Spheroidal

Sphe*roid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. sph\'82ro\'8bdal.] Having the form of a spheroid. -- Sphe*roid"al*ly, adv. Spheroidal state (Physics.), the state of a liquid, as water, when, on being thrown on a surface of highly heated metal, it rolls about in spheroidal drops or masses, at a temperature several degrees below ebullition, and without actual contact with the heated surface, -- a phenomenon due to the repulsive force of heat, the intervention of a cushion of nonconducting vapor, and the cooling effect of evaporation.

Spheroidic, Spheroidical

Sphe*roid"ic (?), Sphe*roid"ic*al (?), a. See Spheroidal. Cheyne.

Spheroidicity, Spheroidity

Sphe`roi*dic"i*ty (?), Sphe*roid"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being spheroidal.

Spheromere

Sphe"ro*mere (?), n. [Sphere + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the several symmetrical segments arranged around the central axis and composing the body of a radiate anmal.

Spherometer

Sphe*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Sphere + -meter: cf. F. sph\'82rom\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the curvature of spherical surface, as of lenses for telescope, etc.

Spherosiderite

Spher`o*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Sphere + siderite.] (Min.) Siderite occuring in spheroidal masses.

Spherosome

Sphe"ro*some (?), n. [Sphere + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The body wall of any radiate animal.

Spherulate

Spher"u*late (?), a. Covered or set with spherules; having one or more rows of spherules, or minute tubercles.

Spherule

Spher"ule (?), n. [L. spherula: cf. F. sph\'82rule.] A little sphere or spherical body; as, quicksilver, when poured upon a plane, divides itself into a great number of minute spherules.

Spherulite

Spher"u*lite (?), n. [Cf. F. sph\'82rulite.] (Min.) A minute spherical crystalline body having a radiated structure, observed in some vitreous volcanic rocks, as obsidian and pearlstone.

Spherulitic

Spher`u*lit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a spherulite; characterized by the presence of spherulites.

Sphery

Spher"y (?), a.

1. Round; spherical; starlike. [R.] "Hermia's sphery eyne." Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the spheres. [R.]

She can teach ye how to climb Higher than the sphery chime. Milton.

Sphex

Sphex (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of sand wasps of the genus Sphex and allied genera. These wasps have the abdomen attached to the thorax by a slender pedicel. See Illust. of Sand wasp, under Sand. Sphex fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small dipterous flies of the genus Conops and allied genera. The form of the body is similar to that of a sphex.

Sphigmometer

Sphig*mom"e*ter (?), n. See Sphygmometer.

Sphincter

Sphinc"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. (Anat.) A muscle which surrounds, and by its contraction tends to close, a natural opening; as, the sphincter of the bladder.

Sphincter

Sphinc"ter, a. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sphincter; as, a sphincter muscle.

Sphingid

Sphin"gid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sphinx.

Sphingid

Sphin"gid, a. Of or pertaining to a sphinx, or the family Sphingid\'91.

Sphinx

Sphinx (?), n. [L., from Gr. sfi`gx, usually derived from sfi`ggein to bind tight or together, as if the Throttler.]

1. (a) In Egyptian art, an image of granite or porphyry, having a human head, or the head of a ram or of a hawk, upon the wingless body of a lion. <-- ETY sic.? something missing? -->

The awful ruins of the days of old . . . Or jasper tomb, or mutilated sphinx. Shelley.
(b) On Greek art and mythology, a she-monster, usually represented as having the winged body of a lion, and the face and breast of a young woman. The most famous Grecian sphinx, that of Thebes in B&oe;otia, is said to have proposed a riddle to the Thebans, and killed those who were unable to guess it. The enigma was solved by "Subtle as sphinx." Shak.

2. Hence: A person of enigmatical character and purposes, especially in politics and diplomacy.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large moths of the family Sphingid\'91; -- called also hawk moth. &hand; The larva is a stout naked caterpillar which, when at rest, often assumes a position suggesting the Egyptian sphinx, whence the name.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The Guinea, or sphinx, baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx).

Sphinx baboon (Zo\'94l.), a large West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), often kept in menageries. -- Sphinx moth. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sphinx, 3.

Sphragide

Sphrag"ide (?), n.[L. sphragis, -idis, Lemnian earth, fr. Gr. (Min.) Lemnian earth.

Sphragistics

Sphra*gis"tics (?), n. [Gr. The science of seals, their history, age, distinctions, etc., esp. as verifying the age and genuiness of documents.

Sphrigosis

Sphri*go"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A condition of vegetation in which there is too abundant growth of the stem and leaves, accompanied by deficiency of flowers and fruit.

Sphygmic

Sphyg"mic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the pulse.

Sphygmogram

Sphyg"mo*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing, called a pulse tracing, consisting of a series of curves corresponding with the beats of the heart, obtained by the application of the sphygmograph.

Sphygmograph

Sphyg"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument which, when applied over an artery, indicates graphically the movements or character of the pulse. See Sphygmogram.

Sphygmographic

Sphyg`mo*graph"ic (?), a. (Phusiol.) Relating to, or produced by, a sphygmograph; as, a sphygmographic tracing.
Page 1385

Sphygmometer

Sphyg*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the strength of the pulse beat; a sphygmograph.

Sphygmophone

Sphyg"mo*phone (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) An electrical instrument for determining by the ear the rhythm of the pulse of a person at a distance.

Sphygmoscope

Sphyg"mo*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.) Same as Sphygmograph.

Sphyr\'91noid

Sphy*r\'91"noid (?), a.[L. sphyraena a kind of sea fish (Gr. sfy`raina) + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Sphyr\'91nid\'91, a family of marine fishes including the barracudas.

Spial

Spi"al (?), n. A spy; a scout. [Obs.] Bacon.

Spica

Spi"ca (?), n.; pl. Spic\'91 (#). [L., an ear, as of corn.]

1. (Med.) A kind of bandage passing, by successive turns and crosses, from an extremity to the trunk; -- so called from its resemblance to a spike of a barley.

2. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude situated in the constellation Virgo.

Spicate, Spicated

Spi"cate (?), Spi"ca*ted (?), a. [L. spicatus, p. p. of spicare furnish with spikes, or ears, fr. spica a spike, or ear.] (Bot.) Having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or spikes. Lee.

Spiccato

Spic*ca"to (?), a. [It., p. p. of spicare to detach, to separate.] (Mus.) Detached; separated; -- a term indicating that every note is to be performed in a distinct and pointed manner.

Spice

Spice (?), n. [OE. spice, spece, spice, species, OF. espice, espece, F. \'82pice spice, esp\'8ace species, fr. L. species particular sort or kind, a species, a sight, appearance, show, LL., spices, drugs, etc., of the same sort, fr. L. specere to look. See Spy, and cf. Species.]

1. Species; kind. [Obs.]

The spices of penance ben three. Chaucer.
Abstain you from all evil spice. Wyclif (1. Thess,v. 22).
Justice, although it be but one entire virtue, yet is described in two kinds of spices. The one is named justice distributive, the other is called commutative. Sir T. Elyot.

2. A vegetable production of many kinds, fragrant or aromatic and pungent to the taste, as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice, ginger, cloves, etc., which are used in cookery and to flavor sauces, pickles, etc.

Hast thou aught in thy purse [bag] any hot spices? Piers Plowman.

3. Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture; a sprinkling; as, a spice of mischief.

So much of the will, with a spice of the willful. Coleridge.

Spice

Spice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spiced (?); p. p. & vb. n. Spicing (?).]

1. To season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent substances with; to flavor; to season; as, to spice wine; to spice one's words with wit.

She 'll receive thee, but will spice thy bread With flowery poisons. Chapman.

2. To fill or impregnate with the odor of spices.

In the spiced Indian air, by night. Shak.

3. To render nice or dainty; hence, to render scrupulous. [Obs.] "A spiced conscience." Chaucer.

Spicebush

Spice"bush` (?), n. (Bot.) Spicewood.

Spicenut

Spice"nut` (?). A small crisp cake, highly spiced.

Spicer

Spi"cer (?), n. [Cf. OF. espicier, F. \'82picier.]

1. One who seasons with spice.

2. One who deals in spice. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Spicery

Spi"cer*y (?), n. [OF. espicerie, F. \'82picerie.]

1. Spices, in general. Chaucer.

2. A repository of spices. Addison.

Spicewood

Spice"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) An American shrub (Lindera Benzoin), the bark of which has a spicy taste and odor; -- called also Benjamin, wild allspice, and fever bush.

Spiciferous

Spi*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. spicifer bearing spikes, or ears; spica ear + ferre to bear.] Bearing ears, or spikes; spicate. [Obs.] Bailey.

Spiciform

Spi"ci*form (?), a. [L. spica a spike, ear + -form.] (Bot.) Spike-shaped. Gray.

Spicily

Spi"ci*ly, adv. In a spicy manner.

Spiciness

Spi"ci*ness, n. The quality or state of being spicy.

Spick

Spick (?), n. [Cf. Sw. spik. See Spike a nail.] A spike or nail. [Prov. Eng.] Spick and span, quite new; that is, as new as a spike or nail just made and a chip just split; brand-new; as, a spick and span novelty. See Span-new. <-- now hypehnated, and more commonly meaning spotlessly clean --> Howell.

Spicknel

Spick"nel (?), n. [Contr. from spike nail a large, long nail; -- so called in allusion to the shape of its capillary leaves.] (Bot.) An umbelliferous herb (Meum Athamanticum) having finely divided leaves, common in Europe; -- called also baldmoney, mew, and bearwort. [Written also spignel.]

Spicose

Spi*cose" (?), a. [L. spica a spike, or ear.] (Bot.) Having spikes, or ears, like corn spikes.

Spicosity

Spi*cos"i*ty (?), n. The state of having, or being full of, ears like corn. [R.] Bailey.

Spicous

Spi"cous (?), a. (Bot.) See Spicose.

Spicula

Spic"u*la (?), n.; pl. Spicul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. spica a spike, ear.] (Bot.) (a) A little spike; a spikelet. (b) A pointed fleshy appendage.

Spicular

Spic"u*lar (?), a. [L. spiculum a dart: cf. F. spiculaire.] Resembling a dart; having sharp points.

Spiculate

Spic"u*late (?), a. [L. spiculatus, p. p. of spiculare to sharpen, to point, fr. spiculum a dart.]

1. Covered with, or having, spicules.

2. (Bot.) Covered with minute spicul\'91, or pointed fleshy appendages; divided into small spikelets.

Spiculate

Spic"u*late (?), v. t. To sharpen to a point. [R.] "With spiculated paling." Mason.

Spicule

Spic"ule (?), n. [L. spiculum a little point, a dart.]

1. A minute, slender granule, or point.

2. (Bot.) Same as Spicula.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any small calcareous or siliceous body found in the tissues of various invertebrate animals, especially in sponges and in most Alcyonaria. &hand; Spicules vary exceedingly in size and shape, and some of those found in siliceous sponges are very complex in structure and elegant in form. They are of great use in classification.

Description of the Illustration:
a Acerate; b Tricurvate, or Bowshaped; c d Hamate; e Broomshaped; f Scepterellate; g Spinispirulate; h Inequi-anchorate; i Sexradiate; j A Trichite Sheaf; k Six-rayed Capitate; l Rosette of Esperia; m Equi-anchorate.

Spiculiform

Spi*cu"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the shape of a spicule.

Spiculigenous

Spic`u*lig"e*nous (?), a. [L. spiculum + -genous.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing or containing spicules.

Spiculispongi\'91

Spic`u*li*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of sponges including those which have independent siliceous spicules.

Spiculum

Spic"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Spicula (#). [L., a little point.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Spicule.

Spicy

Spi"cy (?), a. [Compar. Spicier (?); superl. Spiciest.] [From Spice.]

1. Flavored with, or containing, spice or spices; fragrant; aromatic; as, spicy breezes. "The spicy nut-brown ale." Milton.

Led by new stars, and borne by spicy gales. Pope.

2. Producing, or abounding with, spices.

In hot Ceylon spicy forests grew. Dryden.

3. Fig.: Piquant; racy; as, a spicy debate. Syn. -- Aromatic; fragrant; smart; pungent; pointed; keen. See Racy.

Spider

Spi"der (?), n.[OE. spi, fr. AS. spinnan to spin; -- so named from spinning its web; cf. D. spin a spider, G. spinne, Sw. spindel. Seee Spin.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of arachnids comprising the order Araneina. Spiders have the mandibles converted into poison fangs, or falcers. The abdomen is large and not segmented, with two or three pairs of spinnerets near the end, by means of which they spin threads of silk to form cocoons, or nests, to protect their eggs and young. Many species spin also complex webs to entrap the insects upon which they prey. The eyes are usually eight in number (rarely six), and are situated on the back of the cephalothorax. See Illust. under Araneina. &hand; Spiders are divided into two principal groups: the Dipneumona, having two lungs: and the Tetrapneumona, having four lungs. See Mygale. The former group includes several tribes; as, the jumping spiders (see Saltigrad\'91), the wolf spiders, or Citigrad\'91 (see under Wolf), the crab spiders, or Laterigrad\'91 (see under Crab), the garden, or geometric, spiders, or Orbitell\'91 (see under Geometrical, and Garden), and others. See Bird spider, under Bird, Grass spider, under Grass, House spider, under House, Silk spider, under Silk.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various other arachnids resembling the true spiders, especially certain mites, as the red spider (see under Red).

3. An iron pan with a long handle, used as a kitchen utensil in frying food. Originally, it had long legs, and was used over coals on the hearth.

4. A trevet to support pans or pots over a fire.<-- = trivet -->

5. (Mach.) A skeleton, or frame, having radiating arms or members, often connected by crosspieces; as, a casting forming the hub and spokes to which the rim of a fly wheel or large gear is bolted; the body of a piston head; a frame for strengthening a core or mold for a casting, etc.

Spider ant. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Solitary ant, under Solitary. -- Spider crab (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of maioid crabs having a more or less triangular body and ten long legs. Some of the species grow to great size, as the great Japanese spider crab (Macrocheira Kempferi), measuring sometimes more than fifteen feet across the legs when they are extended. -- Spider fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of parasitic dipterous insects of the family Hippoboscid\'91. They are mostly destitute of wings, and live among the feathers of birds and the hair of bats. Called also bird tick, and bat tick. -- Spider hunter (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of East Indian sunbirds of the genus Arachnothera. -- Spider lines, filaments of a spider's web crossing the field of vision in optical instruments; -- used for determining the exact position of objects and making delicate measurements. Fine wires, silk fibers, or lines on glass similarly placed, are called spider lines. -- Spider mite. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of parasitic mites of the genus Argas and allied genera. See Argas. (b) Any one of numerous small mites injurious to plants. -- Spider monkey (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of South American monkeys of the genus Ateles, having very long legs and a long prehensile tail. -- Spider orchis (Bot.), a European orchidaceous plant (Ophrys aranifera), having flowers which resemble spiders. -- Spider shell (Zo\'94l.), any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See Pteroceras.

Spidered

Spi"dered (?), a. Infested by spiders; cobwebbed. Wolcott.

Spiderlike

Spi"der*like` (?), a. Like a spider. Shak.

Spider web, ∨ Spider's web

Spi"der web" (?), ∨ Spi"der's web". (Zo\'94l.) The silken web which is formed by most kinds of spiders, particularly the web spun to entrap their prey. See Geometric spider, Triangle spider, under Geometric, and Triangle.<-- = cobweb -->

Spiderwort

Spi"der*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An American endogenous plant (Tradescantia Virginica), with long linear leaves and ephemeral blue flowers. The name is sometimes extended to other species of the same genus.

Spied

Spied (?), imp. & p. p. of Spy.

Spiegelelsen

Spie"gel*el`sen (?), n. [G. spiegel mirror + eisen iron.] See Spiegel iron.

Spiegel iron

Spie"gel i`ron (?). [G. spiegel mirror + E. iron.] (Metal.) A fusible white cast iron containing a large amount of carbon (from three and a half to six per cent) and some manganese. When the manganese reaches twenty-five per cent and upwards it has a granular structure, and constitutes the alloy ferro manganese, largely used in the manufacture of Bessemer steel. Called also specular pig iron, spiegel, and spiegeleisen.

Spight

Spight (?), n. & v. Spite. [Obs.] Spenser.

Spight

Spight, n. A woodpecker. See Speight. [Obs.]

Spignel

Spig"nel (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Spickenel.

Spignet

Spig"net (?), n. [Corrupted fr. spikenard.] (Bot.) An aromatic plant of America. See Spikenard.

Spigot

Spig"ot (?), n. [From spick,or spike; cf. Ir. & Gael. spiocaid a spigot, Ir. spice a spike. See Spike.] A pin or peg used to stop the vent in a cask; also, the plug of a faucet or cock. Spigot and faucet joint, a joint for uniting pipes, formed by the insertion of the end of one pipe, or pipe fitting, into a socket at the end of another.

Spigurnel

Spi*gur"nel (?), n. (Eng. Law) Formerly the title of the sealer of writs in chancery. Mozley & W.

Spike

Spike (?), n. [Akin to LG. spiker, spieker, a large nail, D. spijker, Sw. spik, Dan. spiger, Icel. sp\'c6k; all perhaps from L. spica a point, an ear of grain; but in the sense of nail more likely akin to E. spoke of a wheel. Cf. Spine.]

1. A sort of very large nail; also, a piece of pointed iron set with points upward or outward.

2. Anything resembling such a nail in shape.

He wears on his head the corona radiata . . . ; the spikes that shoot out represent the rays of the sun. Addison.

3. An ear of corn or grain.

4. (Bot.) A kind of flower cluster in which sessile flowers are arranged on an unbranched elongated axis.

Spike grass (Bot.), either of two tall perennial American grasses (Uniola paniculata, and U. latifolia) having broad leaves and large flattened spikelets. -- Spike rush. (Bot.) See under Rush. -- Spike shell (Zo\'94l.), any pteropod of the genus Styliola having a slender conical shell. -- Spike team, three horses, or a horse and a yoke of oxen, harnessed together, a horse leading the oxen or the span. [U.S.]

Spike

Spike, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spiked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spiking.]

1. To fasten with spikes, or long, large nails; as, to spike down planks.

2. To set or furnish with spikes.

3. To fix on a spike. [R.] Young.

4. To stop the vent of (a gun or cannon) by driving a spike nail, or the like into it. <-- (Sport) To throw violently to the ground, so that it bounces. Sometimes done by football players after scoring a goal, as a victory celebration. -->

Spike

Spike, n. [Cf. G. spieke, L. spica an ear of grain. See Spikenard.] (Bot.) Spike lavender. See Lavender. Oil of spike (Chem.), a colorless or yellowish aromatic oil extracted from the European broad-leaved lavender, or aspic (Lavendula Spica), used in artist's varnish and in veterinary medicine. It is often adulterated with oil of turpentine, which it much resembles.

Spikebill

Spike"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hooded merganser. (b) The marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa).

Spiked

Spiked (?), a. Furnished or set with spikes, as corn; fastened with spikes; stopped with spikes.
A youth, leaping over the spiked pales, . . . was caught by those spikes. Wiseman.

Spikefish

Spike"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Sailfish (a)

Spikelet

Spike"let (?), n. (Bot.) A small or secondary spike; especially, one of the ultimate parts of the in florescence of grasses. See Illust. of Quaking grass.

Spikenard

Spike"nard (?), n.[For spiked nard; cf. G. spieknarde, NL. spica nardi. See Spike an ear, and Nard.]

1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant. In the United States it is the Aralia racemosa, often called spignet, and used as a medicine. The spikenard of the ancients is the Nardostachys Jatamansi, a native of the Himalayan region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is still prepared in India.

2. A fragrant essential oil, as that from the Nardostachys Jatamansi.

Spiketail

Spike"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pintail duck. [Local, U.S.]

Spiky

Spik"y (?), a.

1. Like a spike; spikelike.

These spiky, vivid outbursts of metallic vapors. C. A. Young.

2. Having a sharp point, or sharp points; furnished or armed with spikes.

Or by the spiky harrow cleared away. Dyer.
The spiky wheels through heaps of carnage tore. Pope.

Spile

Spile (?), n. [Cf. LG. spile, dial. G. speil, speiler, D. spijl. \'fb170.]

1. A small plug or wooden pin, used to stop a vent, as in a cask.

Page 1386

2. A small tube or spout inserted in a tree for conducting sap, as from a sugar maple.

3. A large stake driven into the ground as a support for some superstructure; a pile.

Spile hole, a small air hole in a cask; a vent.

Spile

Spile (?), v. t. To supply with a spile or a spigot; to make a small vent in, as a cask.

Spilikin

Spil"i*kin (?), n. [OD. spelleken a small pin. See Spill a splinter.] One of a number of small pieces or pegs of wood, ivory, bone, or other material, for playing a game, or for counting the score in a game, as in cribbage. In the plural (spilikins), a game played with such pieces; pushpin. [Written also spillikin, spilliken.]

Spill

Spill (?), n. [&root;170. Cf. Spell a splinter.]

1. A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. A slender piece of anything. Specifically: -- (a) A peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask; a spile. (b) A metallic rod or pin. (c) A small roll of paper, or slip of wood, used as a lamplighter, etc. (d) (Mining) One of the thick laths or poles driven horizontally ahead of the main timbering in advancing a level in loose ground.

3. A little sum of money. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Spill

Spill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spilt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spilling.] To cover or decorate with slender pieces of wood, metal, ivory, etc.; to inlay. [Obs.] Spenser.

Spill

Spill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spilled (?), or Spilt (; p. pr. & vb. n. Spilling.] [OE. spillen,sually, to destroy, AS. spillan, spildan, to destroy; akin to Icel. spilla to destroy, Sw. spilla to spill, Dan. spilde,G. & D. spillen to squander, OHG. spildan.]

1. To destroy; to kill; to put an end to. [Obs.]

And gave him to the queen, all at her will To choose whether she would him save or spill. Chaucer.
Greater glory think [it] to save than spill. Spenser.

2. To mar; to injure; to deface; hence, to destroy by misuse; to waste. [Obs.]

They [the colors] disfigure the stuff and spill the whole workmanship. Puttenham.
Spill not the morning, the quintessence of day, in recreations. Fuller.

3. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose, or suffer to be scattered; -- applied to fluids and to substances whose particles are small and loose; as, to spill water from a pail; to spill quicksilver from a vessel; to spill powder from a paper; to spill sand or flour. &hand; Spill differs from pour in expressing accidental loss, -- a loss or waste contrary to purpose.

4. To cause to flow out and be lost or wasted; to shed, or suffer to be shed, as in battle or in manslaughter; as, a man spills another's blood, or his own blood.

And to revenge his blood so justly spilt. Dryden.

5. (Naut.) To relieve a sail from the pressure of the wind, so that it can be more easily reefed or furled, or to lessen the strain.

Spilling line (Naut.), a rope used for spilling, or dislodging, the wind from the belly of a sail. Totten. <-- Spill, n. An instance of spilling. Oil spill, an accidental release of oil, usually into the ocean, due to damage to an oil tanker or uncontrolled release from an underwater well. -->

Spill

Spill, v. i.

1. To be destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to perish; to waste. [Obs.]

That thou wilt suffer innocents to spill. Chaucer.

2. To be shed; to run over; to fall out, and be lost or wasted. "He was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company." I. Watts.

Spiller

Spill"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, spills.

2. A kind of fishing line with many hooks; a boulter.

Spillet fishing, Spilliard fishing

Spil"let fish`ing (?), Spil"liard fish`ing (?),A system or method of fishing by means of a number of hooks set on snoods all on one line; -- in North America, called trawl fishing, bultow, or bultow fishing, and long-line fishing.

Spillikin

Spil"li*kin (?), n. See Spilikin.

Spillway

Spill"way` (?), n. A sluiceway or passage for superfluous water in a reservoir, to prevent too great pressure on the dam.

Spilt

Spilt (?), imp. & p. p. of Spill. Spilled.

Spilter

Spil"ter (?), n. [From Spill, n.] Any one of the small branches on a stag's head. [Obs.] Howell.

Spilth

Spilth (?), n. [From Spill.] Anything spilt, or freely poured out; slop; effusion. [Archaic] "With drunken spilth of wine." Shak.
Choicest cates, and the flagon's best spilth. R. Browning.

Spin

Spin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spun (?) (Archaic imp. Span (); p. pr. & vb. n. Spinning.] [AS. spinnan; akin to D. & G. spinnen, Icel. & Sw. spinna, Dan. spinde, Goth. spinnan, and probably to E. span. &root;170. Cf. Span, v. t., Spider.]

1. To draw out, and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton, or flax; to spin goat's hair; to produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous material.

All the yarn she [Penelope] spun in Ulysses' absence did but fill Ithaca full of moths. Shak.

2. To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process, or by degrees; to extend to a great length; -- with out; as, to spin out large volumes on a subject.

Do you mean that story is tediously spun out? Sheridan.

3. To protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in idleness.

By one delay after another they spin out their whole lives. L'Estrange.

4. To cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to twirl; as, to spin a top.

5. To form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like) from threads produced by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent liquid, which hardens on coming into contact with the air; -- said of the spider, the silkworm, etc.

6. (Mech.) To shape, as malleable sheet metal, into a hollow form, by bending or buckling it by pressing against it with a smooth hand tool or roller while the metal revolves, as in a lathe.

To spin a yarn (Naut.), to tell a story, esp. a long or fabulous tale. -- To spin hay (Mil.), to twist it into ropes for convenient carriage on an expedition. -- To spin street yarn, to gad about gossiping. [Collog.]

Spin

Spin (?), v. i.

1. To practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; to make yarn or thread from fiber; as, the woman knows how to spin; a machine or jenny spins with great exactness.

They neither know to spin, nor care to toll. Prior.

2. To move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as a top or a spindle, about its axis.

Round about him spun the landscape, Sky and forest reeled together. Longfellow.
With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes spinning about each head. G. W. Cable.

3. To stream or issue in a thread or a small current or jet; as, blood spinsfrom a vein. Shak.

4. To move swifty; as, to spin along the road in a carriage, on a bicycle, etc. [Colloq.]

Spin

Spin, n.

1. The act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a bicycle. [Colloq.]

2. (Kinematics) Velocity of rotation about some specified axis. <--

go for a spin take a spin, take a trip in a wheeled vehicle, usu. an automobile. -->

Spina bifida

Spi"na bif"i*da (?). (Med.) [L., cleft spine.] A congenital malformation in which the spinal column is cleft at its lower portion, and the membranes of the spinal cord project as an elastic swelling from the gap thus formed.

Spinaeous

Spi*na"eous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant spinach, or the family of plants to which it belongs.

Spinach, Spinage

Spin"ach, Spin"age (?), n. [OF. espinache, espinoche, F. \'82pinard; cf. F. spinace, Sp. espinaca; all fr. Ar. isf\'ben\'bej, isfin\'bej, aspan\'bekh, probably of Persian origin.] (Bot.) A common pot herb (Spinacia oleracea) belonging to the Goosefoot family. Mountain spinach. See Garden orache, under Orache. -- New Zealand spinach (Bot.), a coarse herb (Tetragonia expansa), a poor substitute for spinach. &hand; Various other pot herbs are locally called spinach.

Spinal

Spi"nal (?), a. [L. spinalis, fr. spina the spine: cf. F. spinal. See Spine.]

1. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the backbone, or vertebral column; rachidian; vertebral.

2. Of or pertaining to a spine or spines.

Spinal accessory nerves, the eleventh pair of cranial nerves in the higher vertebrates. They originate from the spinal cord and pass forward into the skull, from which they emerge in company with the pneumogastrics. -- Spinal column, the backbone, or connected series or vertebr\'91 which forms the axis of the vertebrate skeleton; the spine; rachis; vertebral column. -- Spinal cord, the great nervous cord extending backward from the brain along the dorsal side of the spinal column of a vertebrate animal, and usually terminating in a threadlike appendage called the filum terminale; the spinal, or vertebral, marrow; the myelon. The nervous tissue consists of nerve fibers and nerve cells, the latter being confined to the so-called gray matter of the central portions of the cord, while the peripheral white matter is composed of nerve fibers only. The center of the cord is traversed by a slender canal connecting with the ventricles of the brain.

Spinate

Spi"nate (?), a. Bearing a spine; spiniform.

Spindle

Spin"dle (?), n. [AS. spinal, fr. spinnan to spin; akin to D. spil, G. spille, spindel, OHG. spinnala. &root;170. See Spin.]

1. The long, round, slender rod or pin in spinning wheels by which the thread is twisted, and on which, when twisted, it is wound; also, the pin on which the bobbin is held in a spinning machine, or in the shuttle of a loom.

2. A slender rod or pin on which anything turns; an axis; as, the spindle of a vane. Specifically: -- (a) (Mach.) The shaft, mandrel, or arbor, in a machine tool, as a lathe or drilling machine, etc., which causes the work to revolve, or carries a tool or center, etc. (b) (Mach.) The vertical rod on which the runner of a grinding mill turns. (c) (Founding) A shaft or pipe on which a core of sand is formed.

3. The fusee of a watch.

4. A long and slender stalk resembling a spindle.

5. A yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn, 15,120 yards; in linen yarn, 14,400 yards.

6. (Geom.) A solid generated by the revolution of a curved line about its base or double ordinate or chord.

7. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any marine univalve shell of the genus Rostellaria; -- called also spindle stromb. (b) Any marine gastropod of the genus Fusus.

Dead spindle (Mach.), a spindle in a machine tool that does not revolve; the spindle of the tailstock of a lathe. -- Live spindle (Mach.), the revolving spindle of a machine tool; the spindle of the headstock of a turning lathe. -- Spindle shell. (Zo\'94l.) See Spindle, 7. above. -- Spindle side, the female side in descent; in the female line; opposed to spear side. Ld. Lytton. [R.] "King Lycaon, grandson, by the spindle side, of Oceanus." Lowell. -- Spindle tree (Bot.), any shrub or tree of the genus Eunymus. The wood of E. Europ\'91us was used for spindles and skewers. See Prickwood.

Spindle

Spin"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spindled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spindling (?).] To shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to become disproportionately tall and slender.
It has begun to spindle into overintellectuality. Lowell.

Spindle-legged

Spin"dle-legged` (?), a. Having long, slender legs.

Spindlelegs

Spin"dle*legs` (?), n. A spindlehanks.

Spindle-shanked

Spin"dle-shanked` (?), a. Having long, slender legs. Addison.

Spindleshanks

Spin"dle*shanks` (?), n. A person with slender shanks, or legs; -- used humorously or in contempt.

Spindle-shaped

Spin"dle-shaped` (?), a.

1. Having the shape of a spindle.

2. (Bot.) Thickest in the middle, and tapering to both ends; fusiform; -- applied chiefly to roots.

Spindletail

Spin"dle*tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pintail duck. [Local, U.S.]

Spindleworm

Spin"dle*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of a noctuid mmoth (Achatodes ze\'91) which feeds inside the stalks of corn (maize), sometimes causing much damage. It is smooth, with a black head and tail and a row of black dots across each segment.

Spindling

Spin"dling (?), a. Long and slender, or disproportionately tall and slender; as, a spindling tree; a spindling boy.

Spine

Spine (?), n. [L. spina thorn, the spine; akin to spica a point: cf. OF. espine, F. \'82pine. Cf. Spike, Spinet a musical instrument, Spinny.]

1. (Bot.) A sharp appendage to any of a plant; a thorn.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A rigid and sharp projection upon any part of an animal. (b) One of the rigid and undivided fin rays of a fish.

3. (Anat.) The backbone, or spinal column, of an animal; -- so called from the projecting processes upon the vertebr\'91.

4. Anything resembling the spine or backbone; a ridge.

Spineback

Spine"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish having spines in, or in front of, the dorsal fins.

Spinebill

Spine"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Australian birds of the genus Acanthorhynchus. They are related to the honey eaters.

Spined

Spined (?), a. Furnished with spines; spiny.

Spine-finned

Spine"-finned` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having fine supported by spinous fin rays; -- said of certain fishes.

Spinel, Spinelle

Spi*nel" (?), Spi*nelle" (?), n. [F. spinelle, or LL. spinellus, perhaps from L. spina a thorn, a prickle, in allusion to its pointed crystals.] (Min.) A mineral occuring in octahedrons of great hardness and various colors, as red, green, blue, brown, and black, the red variety being the gem spinel ruby. It consist essentially of alumina and magnesia, but commonly contains iron and sometimes also chromium. &hand; The spinel group includes spinel proper, also magnetite, chromite, franklinite, gahnite, etc., all of which may be regarded as composed of a sesquioxide and a protoxide in equal proportions.

Spinel

Spin"el (?), n. Bleached yarn in making the linen tape called inkle; unwrought inkle. Knight.

Spineless

Spine"less (?), a. Having no spine.

Spinescent

Spi*nes"cent (?), a.[L. spinescens, -entis, p. pr. of spinescere to know to grow thorny, fr. spina a thorn: cf. F. spinescent.] (Bot.) Becoming hard and thorny; tapering gradually to a rigid, leafless point; armed with spines. Gray.

Spinet

Spin"et (?), n. [OF. espinete, F. \'82pinette (cf. It. spinetta), fr. L. spina a thorn; -- so called because its quills resemble thorns. See Spine.] (Mus.) A keyed instrument of music resembling a harpsichord, but smaller, with one string of brass or steel wire to each note, sounded by means of leather or quill plectrums or jacks. It was formerly much used. Dumb spinet. (Mus.) See Manichordon.

Spinet

Spi"net (?), n. [L. spinetum. See Spinny.] A spinny. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Spinetail

Spine"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one or several species of swifts of the genus Acanthylis, or Ch\'91tura, and allied genera, in which the shafts of the tail feathers terminate in rigid spines. (b) Any one of several species of South American and Central American clamatorial birds belonging to Synallaxis and allied genera of the family Dendrocolaptid\'91. They are allied to the ovenbirds. (c) The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]

Spine-tailed

Spine"-tailed (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the tail quills ending in sharp, naked tips. Spine-tailed swift. (Zo\'94l.) See Spinetail (a).

Spineted

Spin"et*ed (?), a. Slit; cleft. [Obs. & R.]

Spiniferous

Spi*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. spinifer; spina thorn + ferre to produce.] Producing spines; bearing thorns or spines; thorny; spiny.

Spiniform

Spin"i*form (?), a. Shaped like a spine.

Spinigerous

Spi*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. spiniger; spina spine + gerere to bear.] Bearing a spine or spines; thorn-bearing.

Spininess

Spin"i*ness (?), n. Quality of being spiny.

Spinii-spirulate

Spin`ii-spir"u*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having spines arranged spirally. See Spicule.

Spink

Spink (?), n. [Cf. dial. Sw. spink a kind of small bird, Gr. finch.] (Zo\'94l.) The chaffinch.

Spinnaker

Spin"na*ker (?), n. (Naut.) A large triangular sail set upon a boom, -- used when running before the wind.

Spinner

Spin"ner (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, spins one skilled in spinning; a spinning machine.

2. A spider. "Long-legged spinners." Shak.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A goatsucker; -- so called from the peculiar noise it makes when darting through the air.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A spinneret.

Ring spinner, a machine for spinning, in which the twist, given to the yarn by a revolving bobbin, is regulated by the drag of a small metal loop which slides around a ring encircling the bobbin, instead of by a throstle.

Spinneret

Spin"ner*et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special jointed organs situated on the under side, and near the end, of the abdomen of spiders, by means of which they spin their webs. Most spiders have three pairs of spinnerets, but some have only two pairs. The ordinary silk line of the spider is composed of numerous smaller lines jointed after issuing from the spinnerets.

Spinnerule

Spin"ner*ule (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the numerous small spinning tubes on the spinnerets of spiders.

Spinney

Spin"ney (?), n.; pl. Spinneys (. Same as Spinny. T. Hughes.
Page 1387

Spinning

Spin"ning (?), a. & n. from Spin. Spinning gland (Zo\'94l.), one of the glands which form the material for spinning the silk of silkworms and other larv\'91. -- Spinning house, formerly a common name for a house of correction in England, the women confined therein being employed in spinning. -- Spinning jenny (Mach.), an engine or machine for spinning wool or cotton, by means of a large number of spindles revolving simultaneously. -- Spinning mite (Zo\'94l.), the red spider. -- Spinning wheel, a machine for spinning yarn or thread, in which a wheel drives a single spindle, and is itself driven by the hand, or by the foot acting on a treadle.

Spinny

Spin"ny (?), n.; pl. Spinnies (#). [OF. espinaye,espinoye, espinei, espanoi, F. \'82pinaie, from L. spinetum a thicket of thorns, fr. spina a thorn. See Spine.] A small thicket or grove with undergrowth; a clump of trees. [Written also spinney, and spinny.]
The downs rise steep, crowned with black fir spinnies. C. Kingsley.

Spinny

Spin"ny, a. [Cf. Spiny, a.] Thin and long; slim; slender. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Spinose

Spi*nose" (?), a.[L. spinosus, from spina a thorn.] Full of spines; armed with thorns; thorny.

Spinosity

Spi*nos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being spiny or thorny; spininess.

Spinous

Spi"nous (?), a.

1. Spinose; thorny.

2. Having the form of a spine or thorn; spinelike.

Spinous process of a vertebra (Anat.), the dorsal process of the neural arch of a vertebra; a neurapophysis.

Spinozism

Spi*no"zism (?), n. The form of Pantheism taught by Benedict Spinoza, that there is but one substance, or infinite essence, in the universe, of which the so-called material and spiritual beings and phenomena are only modes, and that one this one substance is God. [Written also Spinosism.]

Spinozist

Spi*no"zist (?), n. A believer in Spinozism.

Spinster

Spin"ster (?), n. [Spin + -ster.]

1. A woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin.

She spake to spinster to spin it out. Piers Plowman.
The spinsters and the knitters in the sun. Shak.

2. A man who spins. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Law) An unmarried or single woman; -- used in legal proceedings as a title, or addition to the surname.

If a gentlewoman be termed a spinster, she may abate the writ. Coke.

4. A woman of evil life and character; -- so called from being forced to spin in a house of correction. [Obs.]

Spinstress

Spin"stress (?), n. A woman who spins. T. Brown.

Spinstry

Spin"stry (?), n. The business of one who spins; spinning. [Obs.] Milton.

Spinule

Spin"ule (?), n. [L. spinula, dim. of spina a spine: cf. F. spinule.] A minute spine. Dana.

Spinulescent

Spin`u*les"cent (?), a. (Bot.) Having small spines; somewhat thorny.

Spinulose, Spinulous

Spin"u*lose` (?), Spin"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. spinuleux.] Covered with small spines.

Spiny

Spin"y (?), a. [From Spine.]

1. Full of spines; thorny; as, a spiny tree.

2. Like a spine in shape; slender. "Spiny grasshoppers sit chirping." Chapman.

3. Fig.: Abounding with difficulties or annoyances.

The spiny deserts of scholastic philosophy. Bp. Warburton.
Spiny lobster. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Rock lobster, under Rock. See also Lobster.

Spiny

Spin"y, n. See Spinny.

Spiodea

Spi*o"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Spio the typical genus.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of marine Annelida, including those that are without oral tentacles or cirri, and have the gills, when present, mostly arranged along the sides of the body. They generally live in burrows or tubes.

Spirable

Spi"ra*ble (?), a. [L. spirabilis.] Capable of being breathed; respirable. [Obs.] Nash.

Spiracle

Spir"a*cle (?), n.[L. spiraculum, fr. spirare to breathe: cf. F. spiracule. See Spirit.]

1. (Anat.) The nostril, or one of the nostrils, of whales, porpoises, and allied animals.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the external openings communicating with the air tubes or trache\'91 of insects, myriapods, and arachnids. They are variable in number, and are usually situated on the sides of the thorax and abdomen, a pair to a segment. These openings are usually elliptical, and capable of being closed. See Illust. under Coleoptera. (a) A tubular orifice communicating with the gill cavity of certain ganoid and all elasmobranch fishes. It is the modified first gill cleft.

3. Any small aperture or vent for air or other fluid.

Spiracular

Spi*rac"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a spiracle.

Spir\'91a

Spi*r\'91"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or perennial herbs including the meadowsweet and the hardhack.

Spir\'91ic

Spi*r\'91"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the meadowsweet (Spir\'91a); formerly, designating an acid which is now called salicylic acid.

Spiral

Spi"ral (?), a. [Cf. F. spiral. See Spire a winding line.]

1. Winding or circling round a center or pole and gradually receding from it; as, the spiral curve of a watch spring.

2. Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis, and at the same time rising or advancing forward; winding like the thread of a screw; helical.

3. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a spiral; like a spiral.

Spiral gear, ∨ Spiral wheel (Mach.), a gear resembling in general a spur gear, but having its teeth cut at an angle with its axis, or so that they form small portions of screws or spirals. -- Spiral gearing, a kind of gearing sometimes used in light machinery, in which spiral gears, instead of bevel gears, are used to transmit motion between shafts that are not parallel. -- Spiral operculum, an operculum whih has spiral lines of growth. -- Spiral shell, any shell in which the whorls form a spiral or helix. -- Spiral spring. See the Note under Spring, n., 4.

Spiral

Spi"ral (?), n. [Cf. F. spirale. See Spiral, a.]

1. (Geom.) A plane curve, not re\'89ntrant, described by a point, called the generatrix, moving along a straight line according to a mathematical law, while the line is revolving about a fixed point called the pole. Cf. Helix.

2. Anything which has a spiral form, as a spiral shell.

Equiangular spiral,a plane curve which cuts all its generatrices at the same angle. Same as Logarithmic spiral, under Logarithmic. -- Spiral of Archimedes, a spiral the law of which is that the generatrix moves uniformly along the revolving line, which also moves uniformly.

Spirality

Spi*ral"i*ty (?), n. The quality or states of being spiral.

Spirally

Spi"ral*ly (?), adv. In a spiral form, manner, or direction.

Spiralozooid

Spi*ra`lo*zo"oid (?), n. [Spiral + zooid. So called because they often have a spiral form when contracted.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the special defensive zooids of certain hydroids. They have the form of long, slender tentacles, and bear lasso cells.

Spirant

Spi"rant (?), n. [L. spirans, -antis, p. pr. of spirare to breathe. See Spirit.] (Phon.) A term used differently by different authorities; -- by some as equivalent to fricative, -- that is, as including all the continuous consonants, except the nasals m, n, ng; with the further exception, by others, of the liquids r, l, and the semivowels w, y; by others limited to f, v, th surd and sonant, and the sound of German ch, -- thus excluding the sibilants, as well as the nasals, liquids, and semivowels. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 197-208.

Spiranthy

Spi*ran"thy (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The occasional twisted growth of the parts of a flower.

Spiration

Spi*ra"tion (?), n. [L. spiratio, fr. spirare to breathe.] The act of breathing. [Obs.] Barrow.

Spire

Spire (?), v. i. [L. spirare to breathe. See Spirit.] To breathe. [Obs.] Shenstone.

Spire

Spire, n. [OE. spire, spir, a blade of grass, a young shoot, AS. sp\'c6r; akin to G. spier a blade of grass, Dan. spire a sprout, sprig, Sw. spira a spar, Icel. sp\'c6ra.]

1. A slender stalk or blade in vegetation; as, a spire grass or of wheat.

An oak cometh up a little spire. Chaucer.

2. A tapering body that shoots up or out to a point in a conical or pyramidal form. Specifically (Arch.), the roof of a tower when of a pyramidal form and high in proportion to its width; also, the pyramidal or aspiring termination of a tower which can not be said to have a roof, such as that of Strasburg cathedral; the tapering part of a steeple, or the steeple itself. "With glistering spires and pinnacles adorned." Milton.

A spire of land that stand apart, Cleft from the main. Tennyson.
Tall spire from which the sound of cheerful bells Just undulates upon the listening ear. Cowper.

3. (Mining) A tube or fuse for communicating fire to the chargen in blasting.

4. The top, or uppermost point, of anything; the summit.

The spire and top of praises. Shak.

Spire

Spire, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spiring.] To shoot forth, or up in, or as if in, a spire. Emerson.
It is not so apt to spire up as the other sorts, being more inclined to branch into arms. Mortimer.

Spire

Spire, n. [L. spira coil, twist; akin to Gr. spire.]

1. A spiral; a curl; a whorl; a twist. Dryden.

2. (Geom.) The part of a spiral generated in one revolution of the straight line about the pole. See Spiral, n.

Spire bearer. (Paleon.) Same as Spirifer.

Spired

Spired (?), a. Having a spire; being in the form of a spire; as, a spired steeple. Mason.

Spiricle

Spi"ri*cle (?), n. [Dim., fr. L. spira a coil.] (Bot.) One of certain minute coiled threads in the coating of some seeds. When moistened these threads protrude in great numbers. Gray.

Spirifer

Spi"ri*fer (?), n. [NL., fr. L. spira a coil + ferreto bear.] (Paleon.) Any one of numerous species of fossil brachipods of the genus Spirifer, or Delthyris, and allied genera, in which the long calcareous supports of the arms form a large spiral, or helix, on each side.

Spirillum

Spi*ril"lum (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. spira a coil.] (Biol.) A genus of common motile micro\'94rganisms (Spirobacteria) having the form of spiral-shaped filaments. One species is said to be the cause of relapsing fever.

Spiring

Spir"ing (?), a. Shooting up in a spire or spires. "The spiring grass." Dryton.

Spirit

Spir"it (?), n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L. spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. Conspire, Expire, Esprit, Sprite.]

1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes, life itself. [Obs.] "All of spirit would deprive." Spenser.

The mild air, with season moderate, Gently attempered, and disposed eo well, That still it breathed foorth sweet spirit. Spenser.

2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.]

Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it. B. Jonson.

3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart from any physical organization or embodiment; vital essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.

4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides; the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions, whether spiritual or material.

There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding. Job xxxii. 8.
As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also. James ii. 26.
Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing, doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist. Locke.

5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it has left the body.

Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it. Eccl. xii. 7.
Ye gentle spirits far away, With whom we shared the cup of grace. Keble.

6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an elf.

Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark. Locke.

7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.

"Write it then, quickly," replied Bede; and summoning all his spirits together, like the last blaze of a candle going out, he indited it, and expired. Fuller.

8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper; as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.

Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I choose for my judges. Dryden.

9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be downhearted, or in bad spirits.

God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a spirit of pulling down. South.
A perfect judge will read each work of wit With the same spirit that its author writ. Pope.

10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to formal statement; also, characteristic quality, especially such as is derived from the individual genius or the personal character; as, the spirit of an enterprise, of a document, or the like.

11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed of active qualities.

All bodies have spirits . . . within them. Bacon.

12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol, the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.

13. pl. Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt liquors.

14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf. Tincture. U. S. Disp.

15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some, orpiment).

The four spirits and the bodies seven. Chaucer.

16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under Stannic. &hand; Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming compounds, generally of obvious signification; as, spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc.

Astral spirits, Familiar spirits, etc. See under Astral, Familiar, etc. -- Animal spirits. (a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the nervous fluid, or nervous principle. (b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness; sportiveness. -- Ardent spirits, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum, whisky, etc., obtained by distillation. -- Holy Spirit, ∨ The Spirit (Theol.), the Spirit of God, or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or animated by the Divine Spirit. -- Proof spirit. (Chem.) See under Proof. -- Rectified spirit (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the percentage of absolute alcohol. -- Spirit butterfly (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the genus Ithomia. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute of scales. -- Spirit duck. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The buffle-headed duck. (b) The golden-eye. -- Spirit lamp (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated spirit is burned. -- Spirit level. See under Level. -- Spirit of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) See under Hartshorn. -- Spirit of Mindererus (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of Augsburg. -- Spirit of nitrous ether (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the distillatin of alcohol with nitric and sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used a diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also sweet spirit of niter. -- Spirit of salt (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.] -- Spirit of sense, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.] Shak. -- Spirits, ∨ Spirit, of turpentine (Chem.), rectified oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and very inflammable liquid, distilled from the turpentine of the various species of pine; camphine. See Camphine. -- Spirit of vitriol (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of green vitriol. [Obs.] -- Spirit of vitriolic ether (Chem.) ether; -- often but incorrectly called sulphuric ether. See Ether. [Obs.] -- Spirits, ∨ Spirit, of wine (Chem.), alcohol; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of wine. -- Spirit rapper, one who practices spirit rapping; a "medium" so called. -- Spirit rapping, an alleged form of communication with the spirits of the dead by raps. See Spiritualism, 3. -- Sweet spirit of niter. See Spirit of nitrous ether, above.
Page 1388

Syn. -- Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon; cheerfulness; vivacity; enterprise.

Spirit

Spir"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spirited; p. pr. & vb. n. Spiriting.]

1. To animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; to inspirit; as, civil dissensions often spirit the ambition of private men; -- sometimes followed by up.

Many officers and private men spirit up and assist those obstinate people to continue in their rebellion. Swift
.

2. To convey rapidly and secretly, or mysteriously, as if by the agency of a spirit; to kidnap; -- often with away, or off.

The ministry had him spirited away, and carried abroad as a dangerous person. Arbuthnot & Pope.
I felt as if I had been spirited into some castle of antiquity. Willis.
Spiriting away (Law), causing to leave; the offense of inducing a witness to leave a jurisdiction so as to evade process requiring attendance at trial.

Spiritally

Spir"it*al*ly (?), adv.[L. spiritalis belonging to breathing.] By means of the breath. [Obs.] Holder.

Spirited

Spir"it*ed, a.

1. Animated or possessed by a spirit. [Obs.] "So talked the spirited, sly snake." Milton.

2. Animated; full of life or vigor; lively; full of spirit or fire; as, a spirited oration; a spirited answer. &hand; Spirited is much used in composition; as in high-spirited, low-spirited, mean-spirited, etc. Syn. -- Lively; vivacious; animated; ardent; active; bold; courageous. -- Spir"it*ed*ly, adv. -- Spir"it*ed*ness, n.

Spiritful

Spir"it*ful (?), a. Full of spirit; spirited. [R.]
The spiritful and orderly life of our own grown men. Milton.
-- Spir"it*ful*ly, adv. -- Spir"it*ful*ness, n.

Spiritism

Spir"it*ism (?), n. Spiritualsm.

Spiritist

Spir"it*ist, n. A spiritualist.

Spiritless

Spir"it*less, a.

1. Destitute of spirit; wanting animation; wanting cheerfulness; dejected; depressed.

2. Destitute of vigor; wanting life, courage, or fire.

A men so faint, so spiritless, So dull, so dead in lock, so woebegone. Shak.

3. Having no breath; extinct; dead. "The spiritless body." Greenhill. -- Spir"it*less*ly, adv. -- Spir"it*less*ness, n.

Spiritoso

Spi`ri*to"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Spirited; spiritedly; -- a direction to perform a passage in an animated, lively manner.

Spiritous

Spir"it*ous (?), a. [Cf. Spirituous.]

1. Like spirit; refined; defecated; pure. [R.]

More refined, more spirituous and pure. Milton.

2. Ardent; active. [R.]

Spiritousness

Spir"it*ous*ness, n. Quality of being spiritous. [R.]

Spiritual

Spir"it*u*al (?), a. [L. spiritualis: cf. F. spirituel. See Spirit.]

1. Consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as, a spiritual substance or being.

It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. 1 Cor. xv. 44.

2. Of or pertaining to the intellectual and higher endowments of the mind; mental; intellectual.

3. Of or pertaining to the moral feelings or states of the soul, as distinguished from the external actions; reaching and affecting the spirits.

God's law is spiritual; it is a transcript of the divine nature, and extends its authority to the acts of the soul of man. Sir T. Browne.

4. Of or pertaining to the soul or its affections as influenced by the Spirit; controlled and inspired by the divine Spirit; proceeding from the Holy Spirit; pure; holy; divine; heavenly-minded; -- opposed to carnal.

That I may impart unto you some spiritual gift. Rom. i. ll.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings. Eph. i. 3.
If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one. Gal. vi. 1.

5. Not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things; ecclesiastical; as, the spiritual functions of the clergy; lords spiritual and temporal; a spiritual corporation.

Spiritual coadjuctor. (Eccl.) See the Note under Jesuit. -- Spiritual court (Eccl. Law), an ecclesiastical court, or a court having jurisdiction in ecclesiastical affairs; a court held by a bishop or other ecclesiastic.

Spiritual

Spir"it*u*al, n. A spiritual function, office, or affair. See Spirituality, 2.
He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor in temporals. Lowell.

Spiritualism

Spir"it*u*al*ism (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being spiritual.

2. (Physiol.) The doctrine, in opposition to the materialists, that all which exists is spirit, or soul -- that what is called the external world is either a succession of notions impressed on the mind by the Deity, as maintained by Berkeley, or else the mere educt of the mind itself, as taught by Fichte.

3. A belief that departed spirits hold intercourse with mortals by means of physical phenomena, as by rappng, or during abnormal mental states, as in trances, or the like, commonly manifested through a person of special susceptibility, called a medium; spiritism; the doctrines and practices of spiritualists.

What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental species of materialism. R. H. Hutton.

Spiritualist

Spir"it*u*al*ist (?), n.

1. One who professes a regard for spiritual things only; one whose employment is of a spiritual character; an ecclesiastic.

2. One who maintains the doctrine of spiritualism.

3. One who believes in direct intercourse with departed spirits, through the agency of persons commonly called mediums, by means of physical phenomena; one who attempts to maintain such intercourse; a spiritist.

Spiritualist

Spir"it*u*al*ist, a. Spiritualistic. Taylor.

Spiritualistic

Spir`it*u*al*is"tic (?), a. Relating to, or connected with, spiritualism.

Spirituality

Spir`it*u*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Spiritualities (#). [L. spiritualitas: cf. F. spiritualit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being spiritual; incorporeality; heavenly-mindedness.

A pleasure made for the soul, suitable to its spirituality. South.
If this light be not spiritual, yet it approacheth nearest to spirituality. Sir W. Raleigh.
Much of our spirituality and comfort in public worship depends on the state of mind in which we come. Bickersteth.

2. (Eccl.) That which belongs to the church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to religion, as distinct from temporalities.

During the vacancy of a see, the archbishop is guardian of the spiritualities thereof. Blackstone.

3. An ecclesiastical body; the whole body of the clergy, as distinct from, or opposed to, the temporality. [Obs.]

Five entire subsidies were granted to the king by the spirituality. Fuller.

Spiritualization

Spir`it*u*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of spiritualizing, or the state of being spiritualized.

Spiritualize

Spir"it*u*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spiritualized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spiritualizing (?).] [Cf. F. spiritualiser.]

1. To refine intellectiually or morally; to purify from the corrupting influence of the world; to give a spiritual character or tendency to; as, to spiritualize soul.

This seen in the clear air, and the whole spiritualized by endless recollections, fills the eye and the heart more forcibly than I can find words to say. Carlyle.

2. To give a spiritual meaning to; to take in a spiritual sense; -- opposed to literalize.

3. (Old Chem.) To extract spirit from; also, to convert into, or impregnate with, spirit.

Spiritualizer

Spir"it*u*al*i`zer (?), n. One who spiritualizes.

Spiritually

Spir"it*u*al*ly, adv. In a spiritual manner; with purity of spirit; like a spirit.

Spiritual-minded

Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed (?), a. Having the mind set on spiritual things, or filled with holy desires and affections. -- Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed*ness, n.

Spiritualness

Spir"it*u*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being spiritual or spiritual-minded; spirituality.

Spiritualty

Spir"it*u*al*ty (?), n. [See Spirituality.] (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical body; a spirituality. Shak.

Spiritielle

Spi`ri`ti`elle" (?), a. [F.] Of the nature, or having the appearance, of a spirit; pure; refined; ethereal.

Spirituosity

Spir`it*u*os"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being spirituous; spirituousness. [R.]

Spirituous

Spir"it*u*ous (?), a. [Cf. (for sense 2) F. spiritueux. Cf. Spiritous.]

1. Having the quality of spirit; tenuous in substance, and having active powers or properties; ethereal; immaterial; spiritual; pure.

2. Containing, or of the nature of, alcoholic (esp. distilled) spirit; consisting of refined spirit; alcoholic; ardent; as, spirituous liquors.

3. Lively; gay; vivid; airy. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

The mind of man is of that spirituous, stirring nature, that it is perpetually at work. South.

Spirituousness

Spir"it*u*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being spirituous. [R.] Boyle.

Spirketing

Spirk"et*ing (?), n. (Naut.) The planking from the waterways up to the port sills. Totten.

Spirling

Spirl"ing (?), n. Sparling. [Prov. Eng.]

Spirobacteria

Spi`ro*bac*te"ri*a (?), n. pl.; sing. Spirobacterium (. [NL. See 4th Spire, and Bacterium.] (Biol.) See the Note under Microbacteria.

Spiroch\'91ta, Spiroch\'91te

Spi`ro*ch\'91"ta (?), Spi`ro*ch\'91"te (?), n. [L. spira a coil + Gr. (Biol.) A genus of Spirobacteria similar to Spirillum, but distinguished by its motility. One species, the Spiroch\'91te Obermeyeri, is supposed to be the cause of relapsing fever.

Spirograph

Spi"ro*graph (?), n. [L. spirare to breathe + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for recording the respiratory movements, as the sphygmograph does those of the pulse.

Spirometer

Spi*rom"e*ter (?), n. [L. spirare to breathe + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs, or the volume of air which can be expelled from the chest after the deepest possible inspiration. Cf. Pneumatometer.

Spirometry

Spi*rom"e*try (?), n. The act or process of measuring the chest capacity by means of a spirometer.

Spiroscope

Spi"ro*scope (?), n. [L. spirare to breathe + -scope.] (Physiol.) A wet meter used to determine the breathing capacity of the lungs.

Spiroylic, Spiroylous

Spi*royl"ic (?), Spi*royl"ous (?), a. [NL. Spir meadowsweet (a source of salicylal) + -yl + -ic, -ous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance now called salicylal. [Obs.]

Spirt

Spirt (?), v. & n. Same as Spurt.

Spirtle

Spir"tle (?), v. t. To spirt in a scattering manner.

Spirula

Spir"u*la (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. spira a coil.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of cephalopods having a multilocular, internal, siphunculated shell in the form of a flat spiral, the coils of which are not in contact.

Spirulate

Spir"u*late (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Having the color spots, or structural parts, arranged spirally.

Spiry

Spir"y (?), a. [From Spire a winding line.] Of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; serpentine.
Hid in the spiry volumes of the snake. Dryden.

Spiry

Spir"y, a. [FR. Spire a steeple.] Of or pertaining to a spire; like a spire, tall, slender, and tapering; abounding in spires; as, spiry turrets. "Spiry towns." Thomson.

Spiss

Spiss (?), a. [L. spissus.] Thick; crowded; compact; dense. [Obs.]
This spiss and . . . copious, yet concise, treatise. Brerewood.

Spissated

Spis"sa*ted (?), a. Rendered dense or compact, as by evaporation; inspissated; thickened. [R.]
The spissated juice of the poppy. Bp. Warburton.

Spissitude

Spis"si*tude (?), n. [L. spissitudo.] The quality or state of being spissated; as, the spissitude of coagulated blood, or of any coagulum. Arbuthnot.

Spit

Spit (?), n. [OE. spite, AS. spitu; akin to D. spit, G. spiess, OHG. spiz, Dan. spid. Sw. spett, and to G. spitz pointed. &root;170.]

1. A long, slender, pointed rod, usually of iron, for holding meat while roasting.

2. A small point of land running into the sea, or a long, narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as, a spit of sand. Cook.

3. The depth to which a spade goes in digging; a spade; a spadeful. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Spit

Spit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spitting.] [From Spit, n.; cf. Speet.]

1. To thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to thrust through or impale; as, to spit a loin of veal. "Infants spitted upon pikes." Shak.

2. To spade; to dig. [Prov. Eng.]

Spit

Spit, v. i. To attend to a spit; to use a spit. [Obs.]
She's spitting in the kitchen. Old Play.

Spit

Spit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spit (Spat, archaic); p. pr. & vb. n. Spitting.] [AS. spittan; akin to G. sp\'81tzen, Dan. spytte, Sw. spotta,Icel. sp, and prob. E. spew. The past tense spat is due to AS. sp, from sp to spit. Cf. Spat, n., Spew, Spawl, Spot, n.]

1. To eject from the mouth; to throw out, as saliva or other matter, from the mouth. "Thus spit I out my venom." <-- spat is a common pp and not archaic --> Chaucer.

2. To eject; to throw out; to belch. &hand; Spitted was sometimes used as the preterit and the past participle. "He . . . shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on." Luke xviii. 32.

Spit

Spit, n. The secretion formed by the glands of the mouth; spitle; saliva; sputum.

Spit

Spit, v. i.

1. To throw out saliva from the mouth.

2. To rain or snow slightly, or with sprinkles.

It had been spitting with rain. Dickens.
To spit on ∨ upon, to insult grossly; to treat with contempt. "Spitting upon all antiquity." South.

Spital

Spit"al (?), n. [Abbreviated from hospital.] [Written also spittle.] A hospital. [Obs.] Shak.

Spitalhouse

Spit"al*house` (?), n. A hospital. [Obs.]

Spitball

Spit"ball` (?), n. Paper chewed, and rolled into a ball, to be thrown as a missile.

Spitbox

Spit"box` (?), n. A vessel to receive spittle.

Spitchcock

Spitch"cock` (?), v. t. [1st spit + cock.] (Cookery) To split (as an eel) lengthwise, and broil it, or fry it in hot fat.

Spitchcock

Spitch"cock`, n. (Cookery) An eel split and broiled.

Spitchcocked

Spitch"cocked` (?), a. (Cookery) Broiled or fried after being split lengthwise; -- said of eels.

Spit curl

Spit" curl` (?). A little lock of hair, plastered in a spiral form on the temple or forehead with spittle, or other adhesive substance. [Colloq.]

Spite

Spite (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. despite.]

1. Ill-will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the disposition to irritate, annoy, or thwart; petty malice; grudge; rancor; despite. Pope.

This is the deadly spite that angers. Shak.

2. Vexation; chargrin; mortification. [R.] Shak.

In spite of, ∨ Spite of, in opposition to all efforts of; in defiance or contempt of; notwithstanding. "Continuing, spite of pain, to use a knee after it had been slightly ibnjured." H. Spenser. "And saved me in spite of the world, the devil, and myself." South. "In spite of all applications, the patient grew worse every day." Arbuthnot. See Syn. under Notwithstanding. -- To owe one a spite, to entertain a mean hatred for him. Syn. -- Pique, rancor; malevolence; grudge. -- Spite, Malice. Malice has more reference to the disposition, and spite to the manifestation of it in words and actions. It is, therefore, meaner than malice, thought not always more criminal. " Malice . . . is more frequently employed to express the dispositions of inferior minds to execute every purpose of mischief within the more limited circle of their abilities." Cogan. "Consider eke, that spite availeth naught." Wyatt. See Pique.

Spite

Spite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spited; p. pr. & vb. n. Spiting.]

1. To be angry at; to hate. [Obs.]

The Danes, then . . . pagans, spited places of religion. Fuller.

2. To treat maliciously; to try to injure or thwart.

3. To fill with spite; to offend; to vex. [R.]

Darius, spited at the Magi, endeavored to abolish not only their learning, but their language. Sir. W. Temple.
Page 1389

Spiteful

Spite"ful (?), a. Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to vex, annoy, or injure; malignant; malicious; as, a spiteful person or act. Shak. -- Spite"ful*ly, adv. Spite"ful*ness, n.

Spitfire

Spit"fire` (?), n. A violent, irascible, or passionate person. [Colloq.] Grose.

Spitful

Spit"ful (?), n.; pl. Spitfuls (. A spadeful. [Prov. Eng.]

Spitous

Spit"ous (?), a. Having spite; spiteful. [Obs.]

Spitously

Spit"ous*ly, adv. Spitefully. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Spitscocked

Spits"cocked` (?), a. Spitchcocked.

Spitted

Spit"ted (?), a. [From Spit.]

1. Put upon a spit; pierced as if by a spit.

2. Shot out long; -- said of antlers. Bacon.

Spitted

Spit"ted, p. p. of Spit, v. i., to eject, to spit. [Obs.]

Spitter

Spit"ter (?), n. [See Spit to eject from the mouth.] One who ejects saliva from the mouth.

Spitter

Spit"ter, n. [See Spit an iron prong.]

1. One who puts meat on a spit.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A young deer whose antlers begin to shoot or become sharp; a brocket, or pricket.

Spittle

Spit"tle (?), n. See Spital. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Spittle

Spit"tle, v. t. [See Spit to spade.] To dig or stir with a small spade. [Prov. Eng.]

Spittle

Spit"tle, n. A small sort of spade. [Prov. Eng.]

Spittle

Spit"tle, n. [From Spit to eject from the mouth: cf. Spattle, and AS. sp\'betl.] The thick, moist matter which is secreted by the salivary glands; saliva; spit. Spittle insect. (Zo\'94l.) See Cuckoo spit (b), under Cuckoo.

Spittly

Spit"tly (?), a. Like spittle; slimy. [Obs.]

Spittoon

Spit*toon" (?), n. A spitbox; a cuspidor.

Spit-venom

Spit"-ven"om (?), n. Poison spittle; poison ejected from the mouth. [R.] Hooker.

Spitz dog

Spitz" dog" (?). [G. spitz, spitzhund.] (Zo\'94l.) A breed of dogs having erect ears and long silky hair, usually white; -- called also Pomeranian dog, and louploup.

Spitzenburgh

Spitz"en*burgh (?), n. A kind of red and yellow apple, of medium size and spicy flavor. It originated at Newtown, on Long Island.

Splanchnapophysis

Splanch`napoph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Splanchnapophyses (#). [NL. See Splanchnic, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) Any element of the skeleton in relation with the alimentary canal, as the jaws and hyoidean apparatus. -- Splanch`nap`o*phys"i*al (#), a. Mivart.

Splanchnic

Splanch"nic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the viscera; visceral.

Splanchnography

Splanch*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] Splanchnology.

Splanchnology

Splanch*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That part of anatomy which treats of the viscera; also, a treatise on the viscera.

Splanchnopleure

Splanch"no*pleure (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The inner, or visceral, one of the two lamell\'91 into which the vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the notochord, and from which the walls of the enteric canal and the umbilical vesicle are developed. See Somatopleure. -- Splanch`no*pleu"ric (#), a.

Splanchno-skeleton

Splanch`no-skel"e*ton (?), n. [Gr. skeleton.] (Anat.) That part of the skeleton connected with the sense organs and the viscera. Owen.

Splanchnotomy

Splanch*not"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The dissection, or anatomy, of the viscera.

Splandrel

Splan"drel (?), n. See Spandrel. [R.]

Splash

Splash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Splashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Splashing.] [Akin to plash.]

1. To strike and dash about, as water, mud, etc.; to plash.

2. To spatter water, mud, etc., upon; to wet.

Splash

Splash, v. i. To strike and dash about water, mud, etc.; to dash in such a way as to spatter.

Splash

Splash, n.

1. Water, or water and dirt, thrown upon anything, or thrown from a puddle or the like; also, a spot or daub, as of matter which wets or disfigures.

2. A noise made by striking upon or in a liquid.

Splashboard

Splash"board` (?), n. A guard in the front part of vehicle, to prevent splashing by a mud or water from the horse's heels; -- in the United States commonly called dashboard.

Splasher

Splash"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, splashes.

2. One of the guarde over the wheels, as of a carriage, locomotive, etc. Weale.

3. A guard to keep off splashes from anything.

Splashy

Splash"y (?), a. Full of dirty water; wet and muddy, so as be easily splashed about; slushy.

Splatter

Splat"ter (?), v. i. & t. To spatter; to splash.

Splatterdash

Splat"ter*dash` (?), n . Uproar. Jamieson.

Splay

Splay (?), v. t. [Abbrev. of display.]

1. To display; to spread. [Obs.] "Our ensigns splayed." Gascoigne.

2. To dislocate, as a shoulder bone.

3. To spay; to castrate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

4. To turn on one side; to render oblique; to slope or slant, as the side of a door, window, etc. Oxf. Gloss.

Splay

Splay, a. Displayed; spread out; turned outward; hence, flat; ungainly; as, splay shoulders.
Sonwthing splay, something blunt-edged, unhandy, and infelicitous. M. Arnold.

Splay

Splay, a. (Arch.) A slope or bevel, especially of the sides of a door or window, by which the opening is made larged at one face of the wall than at the other, or larger at each of the faces than it is between them.

Splayfoot

Splay"foot` (?), n.; pl. Splayfeet (. A foot that is abnormally flattened and spread out; flat foot.

Splayfoot, Splayfooted

Splay"foot`, Splay"foot`ed a. Having a splayfoot or splayfeet.

Splaymouth

Splay"mouth` (?), n.; pl. Splaymouths (. A wide mouth; a mouth stretched in derision. Dryden.

Splaymouthed

Splay`mouthed" (?), a. Having a splaymouth. T. Brown.

Spleen

Spleen (?), n. [L. splen, Gr. lien, plihan, pl\'c6han.]

1. (Anat.) A peculiar glandlike but ductless organ found near the stomach or intestine of most vertebrates and connected with the vascular system; the milt. Its exact function in not known.

2. Anger; latent spite; ill humor; malice; as, to vent one's spleen.

In noble minds some dregs remain, Not yet purged off, of spleen and sour disdain. Pope.

3. A fit of anger; choler. Shak.

4. A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim. [Obs. or R.]

A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways. Shak.

5. Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.

Bodies changed to various forms by spleen. Pope.
There is a luxury in self-dispraise: And inward self-disparagement affords To meditative spleen a grateful feast. Wordsworth.

6. A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment. [Obs.]

Thy silly thought enforces my spleen. Shak.

Spleen

Spleen, v. t. To dislke. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

Spleened

Spleened (?), a.

1. Deprived of the spleen.

2. Angered; annoyed. [Obs.] R. North.

Spleenful

Spleen"ful (?), a. Displaying, or affected with, spleen; angry; fretful; melancholy.
Myself have calmed their spleenful mutiny. Shak.
Then rode Geraint, a little spleenful yet, Across the bridge that spann'd the dry ravine. Tennyson.

Spleenish

Spleen"ish, a. Spleeny; affected with spleen; fretful. -- Spleen"ish*ly, adv. -- Spleen"ish*ness, n.

Spleenless

Spleen"less, a. Having no spleen; hence, kind; gentle; mild. [Obs.] Chapman.

Spleenwort

Spleen"wort` (?), n. [Spleen + wort; cf. L. splenium, asplenium, Gr. (Bot.) Any fern of the genus Asplenium, some species of which were anciently used as remedies for disorders of the spleen.

Spleeny

Spleen"y (?), a.

1. Irritable; peevish; fretful.

Spleeny Lutheran, and not wholesome to Our cause. Shak.

2. Affected with nervous complaints; melancholy.

Spleget

Spleg"et (?), n. [Cf. Pledget.] (Med.) A cloth dipped in a liquid for washing a sore. Crabb.

Splenalgia

Sple*nal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain over the region of the spleen.

Splenculus

Splen"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Splenculi (#). [NL., dim. of L. splen.] (Anat.) A lienculus.

Splendent

Splen"dent (?), a. [L. splendens, -entis, p. pr. of splendere to shine.]

1. Shining; glossy; beaming with light; lustrous; as, splendent planets; splendent metals. See the Note under 3d Luster, 4.

2. Very conspicuous; illustrious. "Great and splendent fortunes."<-- MW10 "brillian; splendent genius" --> Sir H. Wotton.

Splendid

Splen"did (?), a. [L. splendidus, fr. splendere shine; cf. Lith. splend\'89ti: cf. F. splendide.]

1. Possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very bright; as, a splendid sun.

2. Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous; as, a splendid palace; a splendid procession or pageant.

3. Illustrious; heroic; brilliant; celebrated; famous; as, a splendid victory or reputation.

Splendidious

Splen*did"i*ous (?), a. Splendid. [Obs.]

Splendidly

Splen"did*ly (?), adv. In a splendid manner; magnificently.

Splendidness

Splen"did*ness, n. The quality of being splendid.

Splendidous

Splen"did*ous (?), a. Splendid. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Splendiferous

Splen*dif"er*ous (?), a. Splendor-bearing; splendid. Bale (1538). "A splendiferous woman." Haliburton. [Now used humorously.]

Splendor

Splen"dor (?), n.[L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]

1. Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson.

2. Magnifience; pomp; parade; as, the splendor of equipage, ceremonies, processions, and the like. "Rejoice in splendor of mine own." Shak.

3. Brilliancy; glory; as, the splendor of a victory. Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; magnifience; gorgeousness; display; showiness; pomp; parade; grandeur.

Splendrous, Splendorous

Splen"drous (?), Splen"dor*ous (?), a. Splendid. Drayton.

Splenetic

Splen"e*tic (?), a. [L. spleneticus: cf. F. spl\'82n\'82tique. See Spleen.] Affected with spleen; malicious; spiteful; peevish; fretful. "Splenetic guffaw." G. Eliot.
You humor me when I am sick; Why not when I am splenetic? Pope.
Syn. -- Morese; gloomy; sullen; peevish; fretful.

Splenetic

Splen"e*tic, n. A person affected with spleen.

Splenetical

Sple*net"ic*al (?), a. Splenetic.

Splenetically

Sple*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a splenetical manner.

Splenial

Sple"ni*al (?), a. [L. splenium a plaster, a patch, Gr. (Anat.) (a) Designating the splenial bone. (b) Of or pertaining to the splenial bone or splenius muscle. Splenial bone (Anat.), a thin splintlike bone on the inner side of the proximal portion of the mandible of many vertebrates.

Splenial

Sple"ni*al, n. (Anat.) The splenial bone.

Splenic

Splen"ic (?), a. [L. splenicus, Gr. spl\'82nique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the spleen; lienal; as, the splenic vein. Splenic apoplexy ∨ fever. (Med.) See Anthrax, n., 3.

Splenical

Splen"ic*al (?), a. Splenic.

Splenish

Splen"ish, a. Spleenish. [Obs.] Drayton.

Splenitis

Sple*ni"tis (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Inflammation of the spleen.

Splenitive

Splen"i*tive (?), a. Splenetic. Shak.
Even and smooth as seemed the temperament of the nonchalant, languid Virginian -- not splenitive or rash. T. N. Page.

Splenium

Sple"ni*um (?), n.[L., a plaster, a patch, from Gr. (Anat.) The thickened posterior border of the corpus callosum; -- so called in allusion to its shape.

Splenius

Sple"ni*us (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A flat muscle of the back of the neck.

Splenization

Splen`i*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) A morbid state of the lung produced by inflammation, in which its tissue resembles that of the spleen.

Splenocele

Splen"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Hernia formed by the spleen.

Splenography

Sple*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of the spleen.

Splenoid

Sple"noid (?), a.[Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the spleen; spleenlike.

Splenology

Sple*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The branch of science which treats of the spleen.

Splenotomy

Sple*not"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (a) (Anat.) Dissection or anatomy of the spleen. (b) (Med.) An incision into the spleen; removal of the spleen by incision.

Splent

Splent (?), n.

1. See Splent.

2. See Splent coal, below.

Splent coal, an inferior kind of cannel coal from Scotch collieries; -- called also splent, splint, and splint coal.

Spleuchan

Spleu"chan (?), n. [Gael. spliuchan.] A pouch, as for tobacco. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Splice

Splice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spliced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Splicing (?).] [D. splitsen, splitten; akin to G. splissen, Sw. splissa, Dan. splisse, and E. split; -- from the dividing or splitting the ends into separate strands. See Split, v. t.]

1. To unite, as two ropes, or parts of a rope, by a particular manner of interweaving the strands, -- the union being between two ends, or between an end and the body of a rope.

2. To unite, as spars, timbers, rails, etc., by lapping the two ends together, or by applying a piece which laps upon the two ends, and then binding, or in any way making fast.

3. To unite in marrige. [Slang]

Splice grafting.ee under Grafting. -- To splice the main brace (Naut.), to give out, or drink, an extra allowance of spirits on occasion of special exposure to wet or cold, or to severe fatigue; hence, to take a dram.

Splice

Splice, n. A junction or joining made by splicing.

Spline

Spline (?), n.

1. A rectangular piece fitting grooves like key seats in a hub and a shaft, so that while the one may slide endwise on the other, both must revolve together; a feather; also, sometimes, a groove to receive such a rectangular piece.

2. A long, flexble piece of wood sometimes used as a ruler.

Splining

Splin"ing, a. Of or pertaining to a spline. Splining machine, a machine tool for cutting grooves, key seats, or slots; a slotting machine.

Splint

Splint (?), n. [Akin to D. splinter,G. splinter, splitter, Dan. splint, Sw. splint a kind of spike, a forelock (in nautical use), Sw. splintato splint, splinter, Dan. splinte, and E. split. See Split, v. t., and cf. Splent.]

1. A piece split off; a splinter.

2. (Surg.) A thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to keep in place, or protect, an injured part, especially a broken bone when set.

3. (Anat.) A splint bone.

4. (Far.) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.

5. (Anc. Armor.) One of the small plates of metal used in making splint armor. See Splint armor, below.

The knees and feet were defended by splints, or thin plates of steel. Sir. W. Scott.

6. Splint, or splent, coal. See Splent coal, under Splent.

Splint armor,a kind of ancient armor formed of thin plates of metal, usually overlapping each other and allowing the limbs to move freely. -- Splint bone (Anat.), one of the rudimentary, splintlike metacarpal or metatarsal bones on either side of the cannon bone in the limbs of the horse and allied animals. -- Splint coal. See Splent coal, under Splent.

Splint

Splint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Splinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Splinting.] To split into splints, or thin, slender pieces; to splinter; to shiver. [Obs. or R.] Florio.

2. To fasten or confine with splints, as a broken limb. See Splint, n., 2. [R.] Shak.

Splinter

Splin"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Splintered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Splintering.] [Cf. LG. splittern, splinteren. See Splint, n., Split.]

1. To split or rend into long, thin pieces; to shiver; as, the lightning splinters a tree.

After splintering their lances, they wheeled about, and . . . abandoned the field to the enemy. Prescott.

2. To fasten or confine with splinters, or splints, as a broken limb. Bp. Wren.

Splinter

Splin"ter, v. i. To become split into long pieces.

Splinter

Splin"ter, n. [See Splinter, v., or Splint, n.] A thin piece split or rent off lengthwise, as from wood, bone, or other solid substance; a thin piece; a sliver; as, splinters of a ship's mast rent off by a shot.
Page 1390

Splinter bar. (a) A crossbar in a coach, which supports the springs. (b) The bar to which the traces are attached; a roller bolt; a whiffletree.

Splinterproof

Splin"ter*proof` (spl&icr;n"t&etil;r*pr&oomac;f`), a. (Mil.) Proof against the splinters, or fragments, of bursting shells.

Splintery

Splin"ter*y (-&ycr;), a. Consisting of splinters; resembling splinters; as, the splintery fracture of a mineral.

Split

Split (spl&icr;t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Split (Splitted, R.); p. pr. & vb. n. Splitting.] [Probably of Scand. or Low german origin; cf. Dan. splitte, LG. splitten, OD. splitten, spletten, D. splijten, G. spleissen, MHG. spl\'c6zen. Cf. Splice, Splint, Splinter.]

1. To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by force; to divide in the direction of the grain layers; to rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber or a board; to split a gem; to split a sheepskin.

Cold winter split the rocks in twain. Dryden.

2. To burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear asunder.

A huge vessel of exceeding hard marble split asunder by congealed water. Boyle.

3. To divide or break up into parts or divisions, as by discord; to separate into parts or parties, as a political party; to disunite. [Colloq.] South.

4. (Chem.) To divide or separate into components; -- often used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid.

To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.

Split

Split, v. i.

1. To part asunder; to be rent; to burst; as, vessels split by the freezing of water in them.

2. To be broken; to be dashed to pieces.

The ship splits on the rock. Shak.

3. To separate into parties or factions. [Colloq.]

4. To burst with laughter. [Colloq.]

Each had a gravity would make you split. Pope.

5. To divulge a secret; to betray confidence; to peach. [Slang] Thackeray.

To split on a rock, to err fatally; to have the hopes and designs frustrated.

Spilt

Spilt, n. A crack, or longitudinl fissure.

2. A breach or separation, as in a political party; a division. [Colloq.]

3. A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.

4. Specif (Leather Manuf.), one of the sections of a skin made by dividing it into two or more thicknesses.

5. (Faro) A division of a stake happening when two cards of the kind on which the stake is laid are dealt in the same turn.

Split

Split, a.

1. Divided; cleft.

2. (Bot.) Divided deeply; cleft.

Split pease, hulled pease split for making soup, etc. -- Split pin (Mach.), a pin with one end split so that it may be spread open to secure it in its place. -- Split pulley, a parting pulley. See under Pulley. -- Split ring, a ring with overlapped or interlocked ends which may be sprung apart so that objects, as keys, may be strung upon the ring or removed from it. -- Split ticket, a ballot containing the names of only a portion of the candidates regularly nominated by one party, other names being substituted for those omitted. [U.S.]

Splitfeet

Split"feet` (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The Fissipedia.

Split-tail

Split"-tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A california market fish (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) belonging to the Carp family. (b) The pintail duck.

Splitter

Split"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, splits.

Split-tongued

Split"-tongued` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a forked tongue, as that of snakes and some lizards.

Splotch

Splotch (?), n. [Cf. Splash.] A spot; a stain; a daub. R. Browning.

Splotchy

Splotch"y (?), a. Covered or marked with splotches.

Splurge

Splurge (?), n. A blustering demonstration, or great effort; a great display. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

Splurge

Splurge, v. i. To make a great display in any way, especially in oratory. [Slang, U.S.] <-- 2. To spend money freely or extravagantly, in one episode; usu. with "on" -- as, to splurge on a new hi-fi system. --> <-- v.t. to spend extravagantly. -->

Splutter

Splut"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spluttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spluttering.] [Prov. E. splutter, eqivalent to sputter. Cf. Sputter.] To speak hastily and confusedly; to sputter. [Colloq.] Carleton.

Splutter

Splut"ter, n. A confused noise, as of hasty speaking. [Colloq.]

Splutterer

Splut"ter*er (?), n. One who splutters.

Spodomancy

Spod"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. spodo`s ashes + -mancy.] Divination by means of ashes.

Spodomantic

Spod`o*man"tic (?), a. Relating to spodomancy, or divination by means of ashes. C. Kingsley.

Spodumene

Spod"u*mene (?; 135), n. [Gr. spodo`s ashes; cf. F. spodum\'8ane.] (Min.) A mineral of a white to yellowish, purplish, or emerald-green color, occuring in prismatic crystals, often of great size. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia. See Hiddenite.

Spoffish

Spof"fish (?), a. [probably from Prov. E. spoffle to be spoffish.] Earnest and active in matters of no moment; bustling. [Colloq. Eng.] Dickens.

Spoil

Spoil (?) (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spoiled (#) or Spoilt (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Spoiling.] [F. spolier, OF. espoilelier, fr. L. spoliare, fr. spolium spoil. Cf. Despoil, Spoliation.]

1. To plunder; to strip by violence; to pillage; to rob; -- with of before the name of the thing taken; as, to spoil one of his goods or possession. "Ye shall spoil the Egyptians." Ex. iii. 22.

My sons their old, unhappy sire despise, Spoiled of his kingdom, and deprived of eues. Pope.

2. To seize by violence;; to take by force; to plunder.

No man can enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he will first bind the strong man. Mark iii. 27.

3. To cause to decay and perish; to corrput; to vitiate; to mar.

Spiritual pride spils many graces. Jer. Taylor.

4. To render useless by injury; to injure fatally; to ruin; to destroy; as, to spoil paper; to have the crops spoiled by insects; to spoil the eyes by reading.

Spoil

Spoil (?), v. i.

1. To practice plunder or robbery.

Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and spoil. Spenser.

2. To lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; to decay; as, fruit will soon spoil in warm weather.

Spoil

Spoil, n. [Cf. OF. espoille, L. spolium.]

1. That which is taken from another by violence; especially, the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty.

Gentle gales, Fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole Those balmy spoils. Milton.

2. Public offices and their emoluments regarded as the peculiar property of a successful party or faction, to be bestowed for its own advantage; -- commonly in the plural; as to the victor belong the spoils.

From a principle of gratitude I adhered to the coalition; my vote was counted in the day of battle, but I was overlooked in the division of the spoil. Gibbon.

3. That which is gained by strength or effort.

each science and each art his spoil. Bentley.

4. The act or practice of plundering; robbery; aste.

The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treason, stratagems, and spoil. Shak.

5. Corruption; cause of corruption. [Archaic]

Villainous company hath been the spoil of me. Shak.

6. The slough, or cast skin, of a serpent or other animal. [Obs.] Bacon.

Spoil bank, a bank formed by the earth taken from an excavation, as of a canal. -- The spoils system, the theory or practice of regarding public and their emoluments as so much plunder to be distributed among their active partisans by those who are chosen to responsible offices of administration.

Spoilable

Spoil"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being spoiled.

Spoiler

Spoil"er (?), n.

1. One who spoils; a plunderer; a pillager; a robber; a despoiler.

2. One who corrupts, mars, or renders useless.

Spoilfive

Spoil"five` (?), n. A certain game at cards in which, if no player wins three of the five tricks possible on any deal, the game is said to be spoiled.

Spoilful

Spoil"ful (?), a. Wasteful; rapacious. [Poetic]

Spoilsman

Spoils"man (?), n.; pl. Spoilsmen (. One who serves a cause or a party for a share of the spoils; in United States politics, one who makes or recognizes a demand for public office on the ground of partisan service; also, one who sanctions such a policy in appointments to the public service.

Spoilsmonger

Spoils"mon`ger (?), n. One who promises or distributes public offices and their emoluments as the price of services to a party or its leaders.

Spoke

Spoke (?), imp. of Speak.

Spoke

Spoke, n. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, sp\'beca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. &root;170. Cf. Spike a nail.]

1. The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly.

2. (Naut.) A projecting handle of a steering wheel.

3. A rung, or round, of a ladder.

4. A contrivance for fastening the wheel of a vehicle, to prevent it from turning in going down a hill.

To put a spoke in one's wheel, to thwart or obstruct one in the execution of some design.

Spoke

Spoke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spoking.] To furnish with spokes, as a wheel.

Spoken

Spo"ken (?), a. [p.p. of Speak.]

1. Uttered in speech; delivered by word of mouth; oral; as, a spoken narrative; the spoken word.

2. Characterized by a certain manner or style in speaking; -- often in composition; as, a pleasant-spoken man.

Methinks you 're better spoken. Shak.

Spokeshave

Spoke"shave` (?), n. A kind of drawing knife or planing tool for dressing the spokes of wheels, the shells of blocks, and other curved work.

Spokesman

Spokes"man (?), n.; pl. Spokesmen (#). [Speak, spoke + man.] One who speaks for another.
He shall be thy spokesman unto the people. Ex. iv. 16.

Spoliate

Spo"li*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Spoliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spoliating (?).] [L. spoliatus, p.p. of spoliare spoil. See Spoil, v. t.] To plunder; to pillage; to despoil; to rob.

Spoliation

Spo`li*a"tion (?), n. [L. spoliatio; cf. F. spoliation. See Spoil, v. t.]

1. The act of plundering; robbery; deprivation; despoliation.

Legal spoliation, which will impoverish one part of the community in order to corrupt the remainder. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Robbery or plunder in war; especially, the authorized act or practice of plundering neutrals at sea.

3. (Eccl. Law) (a) The act of an incumbent in taking the fruits of his benefice without right, but under a pretended title. Blackstone. (b) A process for possession of a church in a spiritual court.

4. (Law) Injury done to a document.

Spoliative

Spo"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. spoliatif.] Serving to take away, diminish, or rob; esp. (Med.), serving to diminish sensibily the amount of blood in the body; as, spoliative bloodletting.

Spoliator

Spo"li*a`tor (?), n. One who spoliates; a spoiler.

Spoliatory

Spo"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to spoil; destructive; spoliative.

Spondaic, Spondaical

Spon*da"ic (?), Spon*da"ic*al (?), a. [L. spondaicus, spondiacus, Gr. sponda\'8bque.]

1. Or of pertaining to a spondee; consisting of spondees.

2. Containing spondees in excess; marked by spondees; as, a spondaic hexameter, i. e., one which has a spondee instead of a dactyl in the fifth foot.

Spondee

Spon"dee (?), n. [L. spondeus, Gr. spond\'82e. So called because at libations slow, solemn melodies were used, chiefly in this meter.] (pros.) A poetic foot of two long syllables, as in the Latin word l\'c7g\'c7s.

Spondulics

Spon*du"lics (?), n. Money. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

Spondyl, Spondyle

Spon"dyl, Spon"dyle (?), n. [L. spondylus, Gr. spondyle.] (Anat.) A joint of the backbone; a vertebra.

Spong

Spong (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] An irregular, narrow, projecting part of a field. [Prov. Eng.]

Sponge

Sponge (?), n. [OF. esponge, F. \'82ponge, L. spongia, Gr. Fungus, Spunk.] [Formerly written also spunge.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Spongi\'91, or Porifera. See Illust. and Note under Spongi\'91.

2. The elastic fibrous skeleton of many species of horny Spongi\'91 (keratosa), used for many purposes, especially the varieties of the genus Spongia. The most valuable sponges are found in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, and on the coasts of Florida and the West Indies.

3. Fig.: One who lives upon others; a pertinaceous and indolent dependent; a parasite; a sponger.

4. Any spongelike substance. Specifically: (a) Dough before it is kneaded and formed into loaves, and after it is converted into a light, spongy mass by the agency of the yeast or leaven. (b) Iron from the puddling furnace, in a pasty condition. (c) Iron ore, in masses, reduced but not melted or worked.

5. (Gun.) A mop for cleaning the bore of a cannon after a discharge. It consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with sheepskin with the wool on, or cloth with a heavy looped nap, and having a handle, or staff.

6. (Far.) The extremity, or point, of a horseshoe, answering to the heel.

Bath sponge, any one of several varieties of coarse commercial sponges, especially Spongia equina. -- Cup sponge, a toilet sponge growing in a cup-shaped form. -- Glass sponge. See Glass-sponge, in the Vocabulary. -- Glove sponge, a variety of commercial sponge (Spongia officinalis, variety tubulufera), having very fine fibers, native of Florida, and the West Indies. -- Grass sponge, any one of several varieties of coarse commercial sponges having the surface irregularly tufted, as Spongia graminea, and S. equina, variety cerebriformis, of Florida and the West Indies. -- Horse sponge, a coarse commercial sponge, especially Spongia equina. -- Platinum sponge. (Chem.) See under Platinum. -- Pyrotechnical sponge, a substance made of mushrooms or fungi, which are boiled in water, dried, and beaten, then put in a strong lye prepared with saltpeter, and again dried in an oven. This makes the black match, or tinder, brought from Germany. -- Sheep's-wool sponge, a fine and durable commercial sponge (Spongia equina, variety gossypina) found in Florida and the West Indies. The surface is covered with larger and smaller tufts, having the oscula between them. -- Sponge cake, a kind of sweet cake which is light and spongy. -- Sponge lead, ∨ Spongy lead (Chem.), metallic lead brought to a spongy form by reduction of lead salts, or by compressing finely divided lead; -- used in secondary batteries and otherwise. -- Sponge tree (Bot.), a tropical leguminous tree (Acacia Farnesiana), with deliciously fragrant flowers, which are used in perfumery. -- Toilet sponge, a very fine and superior variety of Mediterranean sponge (Spongia officinalis, variety Mediterranea); -- called also turkish sponge. -- To set a sponge (Cookery), to leaven a small mass of flour, to be used in leavening a larger quantity. -- To throw up the sponge, to give up a contest; to acknowledge defeat; -- from a custom of the prize ring, the person employed to sponge a pugilist between rounds throwing his sponge in the air in token of defeat. [Cant or Slang] "He was too brave a man to throw up the sponge to fate." Lowell.<-- now, through in the towel is more common, and has the same origin and meaning. --> -- Vegetable sponge. (Bot.) See Loof. -- Velvet sponge, a fine, soft commercial sponge (Spongia equina, variety meandriniformis) found in Florida and the West Indies. -- Vitreous sponge. See Glass-sponge. -- Yellow sponge, a common and valuable commercial sponge (Spongia agaricina, variety corlosia) found in Florida and the West Indies.

Sponge

Sponge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sponged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sponging (?).]

1. To cleanse or wipe with a sponge; as, to sponge a slate or a cannon; to wet with a sponge; as, to sponge cloth.

2. To wipe out with a sponge, as letters or writing; to efface; to destroy all trace of. Hooker.

3. Fig.: To deprive of something by imposition. "How came such multitudes of our nation . . . to be sponged of their plate and their money?" South.

4. Fig.: To get by imposition or mean arts without cost; as, to sponge a breakfast. Swift.

Sponge

Sponge, v. i.

1. To suck in, or imbile, as a sponge.

2. Fig.: To gain by mean arts, by intrusion, or hanging on; as, an idler sponges on his neighbor. E. Eggleston.

The fly is an intruder, and a common smell-feast, that sponges upon other people's trenchers. L'Estrange.

3. To be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy mass by the agency of yeast, or leaven.

Spongelet

Sponge"let (?), n. See Spongiole.

Spongeous

Spon"geous (?), a. [See Spongious.] Resembling sponge; having the nature or qualities of sponge.

Sponger

Spon"ger (?), n.

1. One who sponges, or uses a sponge.

2. One employed in gathering sponges.

3. Fig.: A parasitical dependent; a hanger-on.

Page 1391

Spongi\'91

Spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [See Sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) The grand division of the animal kingdom which includes the sponges; -- called also Spongida, Spongiaria, Spongiozoa, and Porifera. &hand; In the Spongi\'91, the soft sarcode of the body is usually supported by a skeleton consisting of horny fibers, or of silleceous or calcareous spicules. The common sponges contain larger and smaller cavities and canals, and numerous small ampull\'91 which which are lined with ciliated cells capable of taking in solid food. The outer surface usually has minute pores through which water enters, and large openings for its exit. Sponges produce eggs and spermatozoa, and the egg when fertilized undergoes segmentation to form a ciliated embryo.

Spongida

Spon"gi*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] Spongi\'91.

Spongiform

Spon"gi*form (?), a. Resembling a sponge; soft and porous; porous.

Spongilla

Spon*gil"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of spongia a sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of siliceous spongea found in fresh water.

Spongin

Spon"gin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The chemical basis of sponge tissue, a nitrogenous, hornlike substance which on decomposition with sulphuric acid yields leucin and glycocoll.

Sponginess

Spon"gi*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being spongy. Dr. H. More.

Sponging

Spon"ging (?), a. & n. from Sponge, v. Sponging house (Eng. Law), a bailiff's or other house in which debtors are put before being taken to jail, or until they compromise with their creditors. At these houses extortionate charges are commonly made for food, lodging, etc.

Spongiole

Spon"gi*ole (?; 277), n. [L. spongiola a rose gall, small roots, dim. of spongia: cf. F. spongiole.] (Bot.) A supposed spongelike expansion of the tip of a rootlet for absorbing water; -- called also spongelet.

Spongiolite

Spon"gi*o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.) One of the microsporic siliceous spicules which occur abundantly in the texture of sponges, and are sometimes found fossil, as in flints.

Spongiopilin

Spon`gi*o*pi"lin (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A kind of cloth interwoven with small pieces of sponge and rendered waterproof on one side by a covering of rubber. When moistend with hot water it is used as a poultice.

Spongiose, Spongious

Spon"gi*ose` (?), Spon"gi*ous (?), a. [L. spongious, spongeosus: cf. F. spongieux. See Sponge.] Somewhat spongy; spongelike; full of small cavities like sponge; as, spongious bones.

Spongiozoa

Spon`gi*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Spongl\'91.

Spongoblast

Spon"go*blast (?), n. [Gr. -blast.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the cells which, in sponges, secrete the spongin, or the material of the horny fibers.

Spongoid

Spon"goid (?; 277), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling sponge; like sponge.

Spongy

Spon"gy (?), a.

1. Soft, and full of cavities; of an open, loose, pliable texture; as, a spongy excrescence; spongy earth; spongy cake; spongy bones.

2. Wet; drenched; soaked and soft, like sponge; rainy. "Spongy April." Shak.

3. Having the quality of imbibing fluids, like a sponge.

Spongy lead (Chem.), sponge lead. See under Sponge. -- Spongy platinum. See under Platinum.

Sponk

Sponk (?), n. See Spunk.

Sponsal

Spon"sal (?), a. [L. sponsalis, fr. sponsus a betrothal, fr. spondere, sponsum, to betroth. See Spouse, and cf. Esousal, Spousal.] Relating to marriage, or to a spouse; spousal.

Sponsible

Spon"si*ble (?), a. [Abbrev. from responsible.] responsible; worthy of credit. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Sponsion

Spon"sion (?), n. [L. sonsio, fr. spondere, sponsum, to promise solemnly.]

1. The act of becoming surety for another.

2. (Internat. Law) An act or engagement on behalf of a state, by an agent not specially authorized for the purpose, or by one who exceeds the limits of authority.

Sponsional

Spon"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pledge or agreement; responsible. [R.]
He is righteous even in that representative and sponsional person he put on. Abp. Leighton.

Sponson

Spon"son (?), n. (Shipbuilding) (a) One of the triangular platforms in front of, and abaft, the paddle boxes of a steamboat. (b) One of the slanting supports under the guards of a steamboat. (c) One of the armored projections fitted with gun ports, used on modern war vessels.

Sponsor

Spon"sor (?), n. [L., from spondere, sponsum, to engage one's self. See Spose.]

1. One who binds himself to answer for another, and is responsible for his default; a surety.

2. One who at the baptism of an infant professore the christian faith in its name, and guarantees its religious education; a godfather or godmother.

Spnsorial

Spn*so"ri*al (?), a. Pertaining to a sponsor.

Sponsorship

Spon"sor*ship (?), n. State of being a sponsor.

Spontaneity

Spon`ta*ne"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Spontaneities (#). [Cf. F. spontan\'82it\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being spontaneous, or acting from native feeling, proneness, or temperament, without constraint or external force.

Romney Leigh, who lives by diagrams, And crosses not the spontaneities Of all his individual, personal life With formal universals. Mrs. Browning.

2. (Biol.) (a) The tendency to undergo change, characteristic of both animal and vegetable organisms, and not restrained or cheked by the environment. (b) The tendency to activity of muscular tissue, including the voluntary muscles, when in a state of healthful vigor and refreshment.

Spontaneous

Spon*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. spontaneus, fr. sponte of free will, voluntarily.]

1. Proceding from natural feeling, temperament, or disposition, or from a native internal proneness, readiness, or tendency, without constraint; as, a spontaneous gift or proportion.

2. Proceeding from, or acting by, internal impulse, energy, or natural law, without external force; as, spontaneous motion; spontaneous growth.

3. Produced without being planted, or without human labor; as, a spontaneous growth of wood.

Spontaneous combustion, combustion produced in a substance by the evolution of heat through the chemical action of its own elements; as, the spontaneous combustion of waste matter saturated with oil. -- Spontaneous generation. (Biol.) See under Generation. Syn. -- Voluntary; uncompelled; willing. -- Spontaneous, Voluntary. What is voluntary is the result of a volition, or act of choice; it therefore implies some degree of consideration, and may be the result of mere reason without excited feeling. What is spontaneous springs wholly from feeling, or a sudden impulse which admits of no reflection; as, a spontaneous burst of applause. Hence, the term is also applied to things inanimate when they are produced without the determinate purpose or care of man. "Abstinence which is but voluntary fasting, and . . . exercise which is but voluntary labor." J. Seed.
Spontaneous joys, where nature has its play, The soul adopts, and owns their firstborn away. Goldsmith.
 -- Spon*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Spon*ta"ne*ous*ness, n.

Spontoon

Spon*toon" (?), n. [F. sponton, esponton, it. spontone, spuntone.] (Mil.) A kind of half-pike, or halberd, formerly borne by inferior officers of the British infantry, and used in giving signals to the soldiers.

Spook

Spook (?), n. [D. spook; akin to G. spuk, Sw. sp\'94ke, Dan. sp\'94gelse a specter, sp\'94ge to play, sport, joke, sp\'94g a play, joke.]

1. A spirit; a ghost; an apparition; a hobgoblin. [Written also spuke.] Ld. Lytton.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The chim\'91ra.

Spool

Spool (?), n. [OE. spole, OD. spoele, D. spoel; akin to G. spule, OHG. spuola, Dan. & Sw. spole.] A piece of cane or red with a knot at each end, or a hollow cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end, used to wind thread or yarn upon. Spool stand, an article holding spools of thread, turning on pins, -- used by women at their work.

Spool

Spool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spooling.] To wind on a spool or spools.

Spooler

Spool"er (?), n. One who, or that which, spools.

Spoom

Spoom (?), v. i. [Probably fr. spum foam. See Spume.] (Naut.) To be driven steadily and swiftly, as before a strong wind; to be driven before the wind without any sail, or with only a part of the sails spread; to scud under bare poles. [Written also spoon.]
When virtue spooms before a prosperous gale, My heaving wishes help to fill the sail. Dryden.

Spoon

Spoon (?), v. i. (Naut.) See Spoom. [Obs.]
We might have spooned before the wind as well as they. Pepys.

Spoon

Spoon, n. [OE. spon, AS. sp, a chip; akin to D. spaan, G. span, Dan. spaan, Sw. sp\'86n, Icel. sp\'a0nn, sp\'a2nn, a chip, a spoon. &root;170. Cf. Span-new.]

1. An implement consisting of a small bowl (usually a shallow oval) with a handle, used especially in preparing or eating food.

"Therefore behoveth him a full long spoon That shall eat with a fiend," thus heard I say. Chaucer.
He must have a long spoon that must eat with the devil. Shak.

2. Anything which resembles a spoon in shape; esp. (Fishing), a spoon bait.

3. Fig.: A simpleton; a spooney. [Slang] Hood.

Spoon bait (Fishing), a lure used in trolling, consisting of a glistening metallic plate shaped like the bowl of a spoon with a fishhook attached. -- Spoon bit, a bit for boring, hollowed or furrowed along one side. -- Spoon net, a net for landing fish. -- Spoon oar. see under Oar.

Spoon

Spoon, v. t. To take up in, a spoon.

Spoon

Spoon, v. i. To act with demonstrative or foolish fondness, as one in love. [Colloq.]

Spoonbill

Spoon"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of wading birds of the genera Ajaja and Platalea, and allied genera, in which the long bill is broadly expanded and flattened at the tip. &hand; The roseate spoonbill of America (Ajaja ajaja), and the European spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) are the best known. The royal spoonbill (P. regia) of Australia is white, with the skin in front of the eyes naked and black. The male in the breeding season has a fine crest. (b) The shoveler. See Shoveler, 2. (c) The ruddy duck. See under Ruddy. (d) The paddlefish.

Spoon-billed

Spoon"-billed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the bill expanded and spatulate at the end.

Spoondrift

Spoon"drift (?), n. [Spoom + drift.] Spray blown from the tops waves during a gale at sea; also, snow driven in the wind at sea; -- written also spindrift.

Spooney

Spoon"ey (?), a. Weak-minded; demonstratively fond; as, spooney lovers. [Spelt also spoony.] [Colloq.]

Spooney

Spoon"ey, n.; pl. Spooneye (. A weak-minded or silly person; one who is foolishly fond. [Colloq.]
There is no doubt, whatever, that I was a lackadaisical young spooney. Dickens.

Spoonful

Spoon"ful (?), n.; pl. Spoonfuls (.

1. The quantity which a spoon contains, or is able to contain; as, a teaspoonful; a tablespoonful.

2. Hence, a small quantity. Arbuthnot.

Spoonily

Spoon"i*ly (?), adv. In a spoony manner.

Spoon-meat

Spoon"-meat` (?), n. Food that is, or must be, taken with a spoon; liquid food. "Diet most upon spoon-meats." Harvey.

Spoonwood

Spoon"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia).

Spoonworm

Spoon"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gephyrean worm of the genus Thalassema, having a spoonlike probiscis.

Spoonwort

Spoon"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Scurvy grass.

Spoony

Spoon"y (?), a. & n. Same as Spooney.

Spoor

Spoor (?), n. [D. spoor; akin to AS. spor, G. spur, and from the root of E. spur. &root;171. See Spur.] The track or trail of any wild animal; as, the spoor of an elephant; -- used originally by travelers in South Africa.

Spoor

Spoor, v. i. To follow a spoor or trail. [R.]

Sporades

Spor"a*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. spora`des. Cf. Sporadic.] (Astron.) Stars not included in any constellation; -- called also informed, or unformed, stars.

Sporadial

Spo*ra"di*al (?), a. Sporadic. [R.]

Sporadic

Spo*rad"ic (?), a. [Gr. sporadique. See Spore.] Occuring singly, or apart from other things of the same kind, or in scattered instances; separate; single; as, a sporadic fireball; a sporadic case of disease; a sporadic example of a flower. Sporadic disease (Med.), a disease which occurs in single and scattered cases. See the Note under Endemic, a.

Sporadical

Spo*rad"ic*al (?), a. Sporadic.

Sporadically

Spo*rad"ic*al*ly, adv. In a sporadic manner.

Sporangiophore

Spo*ran"gi*o*phore (?), n. [Sporangium + Gr. (Bot.) The axis or receptacle in certain ferns (as Trichomanes), which bears the sporangia.

Sporangium

Spo*ran"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Sporangia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A spore case in the cryptogamous plants, as in ferns, etc.

Spore

Spore (?), n. [Gr. Sperm.]

1. (Bot.) (a) One of the minute grains in flowerless plants, which are analogous to seeds, as serving to reproduce the species. &hand; Spores are produced differently in the different classes of cryptogamous plants, and as regards their nature are often so unlike that they have only their minuteness in common. The peculiar spores of diatoms (called auxospores) increase in size, and at length acquire a siliceous coating, thus becoming new diatoms of full size. Compare Macrospore, Microspore, O\'94spore, Restingspore, Sph\'91rospore, Swarmspore, Tetraspore, Zo\'94spore, and Zygospore. (b) An embryo sac or embryonal vesicle in the ovules of flowering plants.

2. (Biol.) (a) A minute grain or germ; a small, round or ovoid body, formed in certain organisms, and by germination giving rise to a new organism; as, the reproductive spores of bacteria, etc. (b) One of the parts formed by fission in certain Protozoa. See Spore formation, belw.

Spore formation. (a) (Biol) A mode of reproduction resembling multitude fission, common among Protozoa, in which the organism breaks up into a number of pieces, or spores, each of which eventually develops into an organism like the parent form. Balfour. (b) The formation of reproductive cells or spores, as in the growth of bacilli.

Sporid

Spo"rid (?), n. (Bot.) A sporidium. Lindley.

Sporidiferous

Spo`ri*dif"er*ous (?), a. [Sporidium + -ferous.] (Bot.) Bearing sporidia.

Sporidium

Spo*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Sporidia (#). [NL. See Spore.] (Bot.) (a) A secondary spore, or a filament produced from a spore, in certain kinds of minute fungi. (b) A spore.

Sporiferous

Spo*rif"er*ous (?), a. [Spore + -ferous.] (Biol.) Bearing or producing spores.

Sporification

Spo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Spore + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Biol.) Spore formation. See Spore formation (b), under Spore.

Sporocarp

Spo"ro*carp (?), n. [Spore + Gr. (Bot.) (a) A closed body or conceptacle containing one or more masses of spores or sporangia. (b) A sporangium.

Sporocyst

Spo"ro*cyst (?), n. [Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) An asexual zooid, usually forming one of a series of larval forms in the agamic reproduction of various trematodes and other parasitic worms. The sporocyst generally develops from an egg, but in its turn produces other larv\'91 by internal budding, or by the subdivision of a part or all of its contents into a number of minute germs. See Redia.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any protozoan when it becomes encysted produces germs by sporulation.

Sporogenesis

Spo`ro*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Spore + genesis.] (Biol.) reproduction by spores.

Sporogony

Spo*rog"o*ny (?), n. [Spore + root of Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The growth or development of an animal or a zooid from a nonsexual germ.

Sporophore

Spo"ro*phore (?), n. [Spore + Gr. (Bot.) (a) A placenta. (b) That alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous plants, as ferns, mosses, and the like, which is nonsexual, but produces spores in countless numbers. In ferns it is the leafy plant, in mosses the capsule. Cf. O\'94phore.

Sporophoric

Spo`ro*phor"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Having the nature of a sporophore.
Page 1392

Sporosac

Spo"ro*sac (?), n. [Spore + sac.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A hydrozoan reproductive zooid or gonophore which does not become medusoid in form or structure. See Illust. under Athecata. (b) An early or simple larval stage of trematode worms and some other invertebrates, which is capable or reproducing other germs by asexual generation; a nurse; a redia.

Sporozoa

Spo`ro*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a spore + (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of parasitic Protozoa, which increase by sporulation. It includes the Gregarinida.

Sporozoid

Spo`ro*zo"id (?), n. [Spore + Gr. .] (Bot.) Same as Zo\'94spore.

Sporran

Spor"ran (?), n. [Gael. sporan.] A large purse or pouch made of skin with the hair or fur on, worn in front of the kilt by Highlanders when in full dress.

Sport

Sport (?), n. [Abbreviated frm disport.]

1. That which diverts, and makes mirth; pastime; amusement.

It is as sport a fool do mischief. prov. x. 23.
Her sports were such as carried riches of knowledge upon the stream of delight. Sir P. Sidney.
Think it but a minute spent in sport. Shak.

2. Mock; mockery; contemptuous mirth; derision.

Then make sport at me; then let me be your jest.Shak.

3. That with which one plays, or which is driven about in play; a toy; a plaything; an object of mockery.

Flitting leaves, the sport of every wind. Dryden.
Never does man appear to greater disadvantage than when he is the sport of his own ungoverned pasions. John Clarke.

4. Play; idle jingle.

An author who should introduce such a sport of words upon our stage would meet with small applause. Broome.

5. Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing, racing, games, and the like, esp. when money is staked.

6. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A plant or an animal, or part of a plant or animal, which has some peculiarity not usually seen in the species; an abnormal variety or growth. See Sporting plant, under Sporting.

7. A sportsman; a gambler. [Slang]

In sport, in jest; for play or diversion. "So is the man that deceiveth his neighbor, and saith, Am not I in sport?" Prov. xxvi. 19. Syn. -- Play; game; diversion; frolic; mirth; mock; mockery; jeer.

Sport

Sport, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sported; p. pr. & vb. n. Sporting.]

1. To play; to frolic; to wanton.

[Fish], sporting with quick glance, Show to the sun their waved coats dropt with gold. Milton.

2. To practice the diversions of the field or the turf; to be given to betting, as upon races.

3. To trifle. "He sports with his own life." Tillotson.

4. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) To assume suddenly a new and different character from the rest of the plant or from the type of the species; -- said of a bud, shoot, plant, or animal. See Sport, n., 6. Darwin. Syn. -- To play; frolic; game; wanton.

Sport

Sport, v. t.

1. To divert; to amuse; to make merry; -- used with the reciprocal pronoun.

Against whom do ye sport yourselves? Isa. lvii. 4.

2. To represent by any knd of play.

Now sporting on thy lyre the loves of youth. Dryden.

3. To exhibit, or bring out, in public; to use or wear; as, to sport a new equipage. [Colloq.] Grose.

4. To give utterance to in a sportive manner; to throw out in an easy and copious manner; -- with off; as, to sport off epigrams. Addison.

To sport one's oak. See under Oak, n.

Sportability

Sport`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Sportiveness. [Obs.]

Sportal

Sport"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to sports; used in sports. [R.] "Sportal arms." Dryden.

Sporter

Sport"er (?), n. One who sports; a sportsman.
As this gentleman and I have been old fellow sporters, I have a frienship for him. Goldsmith.

Sportful

Sport"ful (?), a.

1. Full of sport; merry; frolicsome; full of jesting; indulging in mirth or play; playful; wanton; as, a sportful companion.

Down he alights among the sportful herd. Milton.

2. Done in jest, or for mere play; sportive.

They are no sportful productions of the soil. Bentley.
-- Sport"ful*ly, adv. -- Sport"ful*ness, n.

Sporting

Sport"ing, a. Of pertaining to, or engaging in, sport or sporrts; exhibiting the character or conduct of one who, or that which, sports. Sporting book, a book containing a record of bets, gambling operations, and the like. C. Kingsley. -- Sporting house, a house frequented by sportsmen, gamblers, and the like. -- Sporting man, one who practices field sports; also, a horse racer, a pugilist, a gambler, or the like. -- Sporting plant (Bot.), a plant in which a single bud or offset suddenly assumes a new, and sometimes very different, character from that of the rest of the plant. Darwin.

Sportingly

Sport"ing*ly, adv. In sport; sportively.
The question you there put, you do it, I suppose, but sportingly. Hammond.

Sportive

Sport"ive (?), a. Tending to, engaged in, or provocate of, sport; gay; froliscome; playful; merry.
Is it I That drive thee from the sportive court? Shak.
-- Sport"ive*ly, adv. -- Sport"ive*ness, n.

Sportless

Sport"less, a. Without sport or mirth; joyless.

Sportling

Sport"ling (?), n. A little person or creature engaged in sports or in play.
When again the lambkins play -- Pretty sportlings, full of May. Philips.

Sportsman

Sports"man (?), n.;pl. Sportsmen (. One who pursues the sports of the field; one who hunts, fishes, etc.

Sportsmanship

Sports"man*ship, n. The practice of sportsmen; skill in field sports. <-- conduct becoming to one participating in sport or competition, as fair play, or graciousness in winning or losing. -->

Sportula

Spor"tu*la (?), n.; pl. Sportul\'91 (. [L.] A gift; a present; a prize; hence, an alms; a largess.
To feed luxuriously, to frequent sports and theaters, to run for the sportula. South.

Sportulary

Spor"tu*la*ry (?), a. Subsisting on alms or charitable contributions. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Sportule

Spor"tule (?), n. [L. sportula a little basket, a gift, dim. of sporta a basket: cf. F. sortule.] A charitable gift or contribution; a gift; an alms; a dole; a largess; a sportula. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Sporulation

Spor`u*la"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The act or process of forming spores; spore formation. See Illust. of Bacillus, b.

Sporule

Spor"ule (?), n. [Dim. of spore.] (Biol.) A small spore; a spore.

Sporuliferous

Spor`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Sporule + -ferous.] (Biol.) Producing sporules.

Spot

Spot (?), n. [Cf. Scot. & D. spat, Dan. spette, Sw. spott spittle, slaver; from the root of E. spit. See Spit to eject from the mouth, and cf. Spatter.]

1. A mark on a substance or body made by foreign matter; a blot; a place discolored.

Out, damned spot! Out, I say! Shak.

2. A stain on character or reputation; something that soils purity; disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish.

Yet Chloe, sure, was formed without a spot. Pope.

3. A small part of a different color from the main part, or from the ground upon which it is; as, the spots of a leopard; the spots on a playing card.

4. A small extent of space; a place; any particular place. "Fixed to one spot." Otway.

That spot to which I point is Paradise. Milton.
"A jolly place," said he, "in times of old! But something ails it now: the spot is cursed." Wordsworth.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a spot on its head just above its beak.

6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A sci\'91noid food fish (Liostomus xanthurus) of the Atlantic coast of the United States. It has a black spot behind the shoulders and fifteen oblique dark bars on the sides. Called also goody, Lafayette, masooka, and old wife. (b) The southern redfish, or red horse, which has a spot on each side at the base of the tail. See Redfish.

7. pl. Commodities, as merchandise and cotton, sold for immediate delivery. [Broker's Cant]

Crescent spot (Zo\'94l.), any butterfly of the family Melit\'91id\'91 having crescent-shaped white spots along the margins of the red or brown wings. -- Spot lens (Microscopy), a condensing lens in which the light is confined to an annular pencil by means of a small, round diaphragm (the spot), and used in dark-field ilumination; -- called also spotted lens. -- Spot rump (Zo\'94l.), the Hudsonian godwit (Limosa h\'91mastica). -- Spots on the sun. (Astron.) See Sun spot, ander Sun. -- On, ∨ Upon, the spot, immediately; before moving; without changing place.
It was determined upon the spot. Swift.
Syn. -- Stain; flaw; speck; blot; disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish; place; site; locality.

Spot

Spot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spotting.]

1. To make visible marks upon with some foreign matter; to discolor in or with spots; to stain; to cover with spots or figures; as, to spot a garnment; to spot paper.

2. To mark or note so as to insure recognition; to recognize; to detect; as, to spot a criminal. [Cant]

3. To stain; to blemish; to taint; to disgrace; to tarnish, as reputation; to asperse.

My virgin life no spotted thoughts shall stain. Sir P. Sidney.
If ever I shall close these eyes but once, May I live spotted for my perjury. Beau. & Fl.
To spot timber, to cut or chip it, in preparation for hewing.

Spot

Spot, v. i. To become stained with spots.

Spotless

Spot"less, a. Without a spot; especially, free from reproach or impurity; pure; untained; innocent; as, a spotless mind; spotless behavior.
A spotless virgin, and a faultless wife. Waller.
Syn. -- Blameless; unspotted; unblemished; pure; immaculate; irreproachable. See Blameless. -- Spot"less*ly, adv. -- Spot"less*ness, n.

Spotted

Spot"ted, a. Marked with spots; as, a spotted garment or character. "The spotted panther." Spenser. Spotted fever (Med.), a name applied to various eruptive fevers, esp. to typhus fever and cerebro-spinal meningitis. -- Spotted tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Flindersia maculosa); -- so called because its bark falls off in spots.

Spottedness

Spot"ted*ness, n. State or quality of being spotted.

Spotter

Spot"ter (?), n. One who spots.

Spottiness

Spot"ti*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being spotty.

Spotty

Spot"ty (?), a. Full of spots; marked with spots.

Spousage

Spous"age (?; 48), n. [OF. espousaige, from espouser. See Spouse, v. t.] Espousal. [Obs.] Bale.

Spousal

Spous"al (?), a. [See Espousal, Sponsal, and Spouse.] Of or pertaining to a spouse or marriage; nuptial; matrimonial; conjugal; bridal; as, spousal rites; spousal ornaments. Wordsworth.

Spousal

Spous"al, n. [See Espousal, Spouse.] Marriage; nuptials; espousal; -- generally used in the plural; as, the spousals of Hippolita. Dryden.
Boweth your head under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer.
the spousals of the newborn year. Emerson.

Spouse

Spouse (?), n. [OF. espous, espos, fem. espouse, F. \'82poux, \'82pouse, fr. L. sponsus, sponsa, prop. p.p. of spondere, sponsum, to promise solemnly, to engage one's self. Cf. Despond, Espouse, respond, Sponsor.]

1. A man or woman engaged or joined in wedlock; a married person, husband or wife.

At last such grace I found, and means I wrought, That that lady to my spouse had won. Spenser.

2. A married man, in distinct from a spousess or married woman; a bridegroom or husband. [Obs.]

At which marriage was [were] no person present but the spouse, the spousess, the Duchess of Bedford her mother, the priest, two gentlewomen, and a young man. Fabyan.

Spouse

Spouse (?), v. t. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.] To wed; to espouse. [Obs.]
This markis hath her spoused with a ring. Chaucer.
Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize. Spenser.
She was found again, and spoused to Marinell. Spenser.

Spouse-breach

Spouse"-breach` (?), n. Adultery. [Obs.]

Spouseless

Spouse"less, a. Destitute of a spouse; unmarried.

Spousess

Spous"ess, n. A wife or bride. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Spout

Spout (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spouting.] [Cf. Sw. sputa, spruta, to spout, D. spuit a spout, spuiten to spout, and E. spurt, sprit, v., sprout, sputter; or perhaps akin to E. spit to eject from the mouth.]

1. To throw out forcibly and abudantly, as liquids through an office or a pipe; to eject in a jet; as, an elephant spouts water from his trunk.

Who kept Jonas in the fish's maw Till he was spouted up at Ninivee? Chaucer.
Next on his belly floats the mighty whale . . . He spouts the tide. Creech.

2. To utter magniloquently; to recite in an oratorical or pompous manner.

Pray, spout some French, son. Beau. & Fl.

3. To pawn; to pledge; as, spout a watch. [Cant]

Spout

Spout, v. i.

1. To issue with with violence, or in a jet, as a liquid through a narrow orifice, or from a spout; as, water spouts from a hole; blood spouts from an artery.

All the glittering hill Is bright with spouting rills. Thomson.

2. To eject water or liquid in a jet.

3. To utter a speech, especially in a pompous manner.

Spout

Spout, n. [Cf. Sw. spruta a squirt, a syringe. See Spout, v. t.]

1. That through which anything spouts; a discharging lip, pipe, or orifice; a tube, pipe, or conductor of any kind through which a liquid is poured, or by which it is conveyed in a stream from one place to another; as, the spout of a teapot; a spout for conducting water from the roof of a building. Addison. "A conduit with three issuing spouts." Shak.

In whales . . . an ejection thereof [water] is contrived by a fistula, or spout, at the head. Sir T. Browne.
From silver spouts the grateful liquors glide. Pope.

2. A trough for conducting grain, flour, etc., into a receptacle.

3. A discharge or jet of water or other liquid, esp. when rising in a column; also, a waterspout.

To put, shove, ∨ pop, up the spout, to pawn or pledge at a pawnbroker's; -- in allusion to the spout up which the pawnbroker sent the ticketed articles. [Cant]

Spouter

Spout"er (?), n. One who, or that which, spouts.

Spoutfish

Spout"fish (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine animal that spouts water; -- applied especially to certain bivalve mollusks, like the long clams (Mya), which spout, or squirt out, water when retiring into their holes.

Spoutless

Spout"less, a. Having no spout. Cowper.

Spoutshell

Spout"shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine gastropod shell of the genus Apporhais having an elongated siphon. See Illust. under Rostrifera.

Sprack

Sprack (?), a. [Cf. Icel. sp\'91kr sprightly, dial. Sw. spr\'84k, spr\'84g, spirited, mettlesome; or Gael. spraic vigor.] Quick; lively' alert. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Sprad

Sprad (?), obs. p. p. of Spread. Chaucer.

Spradde

Sprad"de (?), obs. imp. of Spread. Chaucer.

Sprag

Sprag (?), n. [Cf. Icel. spraka a small flounder.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon. [Prov. Eng.]

Sprag

Sprag, n. [See Spray a branch.] A billet of wood; a piece of timber used as a prop.

Sprag

Sprag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spragged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spragging (?).]

1. To check the motion of, as a carriage on a steep grade, by putting a sprag between the spokes of the wheel. R. S. Poole.

2. To prop or sustain with a sprag.

Sprag

Sprag, a. See Sprack, a. Shak.

Sprain

Sprain (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sprained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spraining.] [OF. espreindreto press, to force out, F. \'82preindre, fr. L. exprimere. See Express, v. t., and cf. Spraints.] To weaken, as a joint, ligament, or muscle, by sudden and excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to overstrain, or stretch injuriously, but without luxation; as, to sprain one's ankle.

Sprain

Sprain, n. The act or result of spraining; lameness caused by spraining; as, a bad sprain of the wrist. Sprain fracture (Med.), the separation of a tendon from its point of insertion, with the detachment of a shell of bone to which the tendon is attached.

Spraints

Spraints (?), n. pl. [OF. espraintes, espreintes, F. \'82preintes from espreinte a desire to go to stool, from espreindre. See Sprain, v. t.] The dung of an otter.

Sprang

Sprang (?), imp. of Spring.

Sprat

Sprat (?), n. [OE. sprot, sprotte, D. sprot; akin to G. sprotte.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European herring (Clupea sprattus) closely allied to the common herring and the pilchard; -- called also garvie. The name is also applied to small herring of different kinds. (b) A California surf-fish (Rhacochilus toxotes); -- called also alfione, and perch. Sprat borer (Zo\'94l.), the red-throated diver; -- so called from its fondness for sprats. See Diver. -- Sprat loon. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The young of the great northern diver. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The red-throated diver. See Diver. -- Sprat mew (Zo\'94l.), the kittiwake gull.
Page 1393

Sprawl

Sprawl (spr&add;l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprawled (spr&add;ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Sprawling.] [OE. spraulen; cf. Sw. sprattla to sprawl, dial. Sw. spralla, Dan. sp\'91lle, spr\'91lde, D. spartelen, spertelen, to flounder, to struggle.]

1. To spread and stretch the body or limbs carelessly in a horizontal position; to lie with the limbs stretched out ungracefully. <-- also sprawl out, as to sprawl out all over the couch. -->

2. To spread irregularly, as vines, plants, or tress; to spread ungracefully, as chirography.

3. To move, when lying down, with awkward extension and motions of the limbs; to scramble in creeping.

The birds were not fledged; but upon sprawling and struggling to get clear of the flame, down they tumbled. L'Estrange.

Srawls

Srawls (?), n. pl. Small branches of a tree; twigs; sprays. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Spray

Spray (?), n. [Cf. Dan. sprag. See Sprig.]

1. A small shoot or branch; a twig. Chaucer.

The painted birds, companions of the spring, Hopping from spray, were heard to sing. Dryden.

2. A collective body of small branches; as, the tree has a beautiful spray.

And from the trees did lop the needless spray. Spenser.

3. (Founding) (a) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute the metal in all parts of the mold. (b) A group of castings made in the same mold and connected by sprues formed in the runner and its branches. Knight.

Spray drain (Agric.), a drain made by laying under earth the sprays or small branches of trees, which keep passages open.

Spray

Spray, n. [probably from a Dutch or Low German form akin to E. spread. See Spread, v. t.]

1. Water flying in small drops or particles, as by the force of wind, or the dashing of waves, or from a waterfall, and the like.

2. (Med.) (a) A jet of fine medicated vapor, used either as an application to a diseased part or to charge the air of a room with a disinfectant or a deodorizer. (b) An instrument for applying such a spray; an atomizer.

Spray condenser (Steam Engine) an injection condenser in which the steam is condensed by a spray of water which mingles with it.

Spray

Spray, v. t.

1. To let fall in the form of spray. [Poetic] M. Arnold.

2. To throw spray upon; to treat with a liquid in the form of spray; as, to spray a wound, or a surgical instrument, with carbolic acid.

Sprayboard

Spray`board (?), n. (Naut.) See Dashboard, n., 2 (b).

Spread

Spread (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spread; p. pr. & vb. n. Spreading.] [OE. spreden, AS. spr\'91dan; akin to D. spreiden, spreijen, LG. spreden, spreen, spreien, G. spreiten, Dan. sprede, Sw. sprida. Cf. Spray water flying in drops.]

1. To extend in length and breadth, or in breadth only; to stretch or expand to a broad or broader surface or extent; to open; to unfurl; as, to spread a carpet; to spread a tent or a sail.

He bought a parcel of a field where he had spread his tent. Gen. xxxiii. 19.
Here the Rhone Hath spread himself a couch. Byron.

2. To extend so as to cover something; to extend to a great or grater extent in every direction; to cause to fill or cover a wide or wider space.

Rose, as in a dance, the stately trees, and spread Their branches hung with copious fruit. Milton.

3. To divulge; to publish, as news or fame; to cause to be more extensively known; to disseminate; to make known fully; as, to spread a report; -- often acompanied by abroad.

They, when they were departed, spread abroad his fame in all that country. Matt. ix. 31.

4. To propagate; to cause to affect great numbers; as, to spread a disease.

5. To diffuse, as emanations or effluvia; to emit; as, odoriferous plants spread their fragrance.

6. To strew; to scatter over a surface; as, to spread manure; to spread lime on the ground.

7. To prepare; to set and furnish with provisions; as, to spread a table.

Boiled the flesh, and spread the board. Tennyson.
To sprad cloth, to unfurl sail. [Obs.] Evelyn. Syn. -- To diffuse; propogate; disperse; publish; distribute; scatter; circulate; disseminate; dispense.

Spread

Spread, v. i.

1. To extend in length and breadth in all directions, or in breadth only; to be extended or stretched; to expand.

Plants, if they spread much, are seldom tall. Bacon.
Govrnor Winthrop, and his associates at Charlestown, had for a church a large, spreading tree. B. Trumbull.

2. To be extended by drawing or beating; as, some metals spread with difficulty.

3. To be made known more extensively, as news.

4. To be propagated from one to another; as, the disease spread into all parts of the city. Shak.

Spread

Spread, n.

1. Extent; compass.

I have got a fine spread of improvable land. Addison.

2. Expansion of parts.

No flower hath spread like that of the woodbine. Bacon.

3. A cloth used as a cover for a table or a bed. <-- bedspread -->

4. A table, as spread or furnished with a meal; hence, an entertainment of food; a feast. [Colloq.]

5. A privilege which one person buys of another, of demanding certain shares of stock at a certain price, or of delivering the same shares of stock at another price, within a time agreed upon. [Broker's Cant]

6. (Geom.) An unlimited expanse of discontinuous points.

Spread

Spread, imp. & p. p. of Spread, v. Spread eagle. (a) An eagle with outspread wings, the national emblem of the United States. (b) The figure of an eagle, with its wings elevated and its legs extended; often met as a device upon military ornaments, and the like. (c) (Her.) An eagle displayed; an eagle with the wings and legs extended on each side of the body, as in the double-headed eagle of Austria and Russia. See Displayed, 2.

Spread-eagle

Spread"-ea`gle (?), a. Characterized by a pretentious, boastful, exaggerated style; defiantly or extravagantly bombastic; as, a spread-eagle orator; a spread-eagle speech. [Colloq.& Humorous] <-- [MW10] "esp. of the greatnes of the U.S." --> <--

Spread-eagle

Spread"-ea`gle v. i. To assume a spread-eagled position; -- it may be done reclining, for relaxation, or momentarily, as an exhibitionary maneuver in a sport.

Spread-eagled

Spread"-ea`gled 2. being in a position with the arms and legs extended fully. -->

Spreader

Spread"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, spreads, expands, or propogates.

2. A machine for combining and drawing fibers of flax to form a sliver preparatory to spinning.

Spreadingly

Spread"ing*ly, adv. Increasingly.
The best times were spreadingly infected. Milton.

Sprechery

Sprech"er*y (?), n. [Cf. Gael. spreidh catle.] Movables of an inferior description; especially, such as have been collected by depredation. [Scot]

Spree

Spree (?), n. [Cf. Ir. spre a spark, animation, spirit, Gael. spraic. Cf. Sprack.] A merry frolic; especially, a drinking frolic; a carousal. [Colloq.]

Sprenge

Sprenge (?), v. t. [OE. sprengen, p.p. sprent, spreint, from AS. sprengen to sprinkle. See Sprinkle.] To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] Wyclif (1 Pet. i. 2).

Sprengel pump

Spreng"el pump` (?). (Physics) A form of air pump in which exhaustion is produced by a stream of mercury running down a narrow tube, in the manner of an aspirator; -- named from the inventor.

Sprent

Sprent (?), obs. p. p. of Sprenge. Sprinkled.
All the ground with purple blood was sprent. Spenser.

Sprew

Sprew (?), n. [Cf. D. sprouw, spruw.] (Med.) Thrush. [Local, U.S.]

Spreynd

Spreynd (?), obs. p. p. of Sprenge. Sprinkled.
When spreynd was holy water. Chaucer.

Sprig

Sprig (?), n. [AS. sprec; akin to Icel. sprek a stick. Cf. Spray a branch.]

1. A small shoot or twig of a tree or other plant; a spray; as, a sprig of laurel or of parsley.

2. A youth; a lad; -- used humorously or in slight disparagement.

A sprig whom I remember, with a whey-face and a satchel, not so many years ago. Sir W. Scott.

3. A brad, or nail without a head.

4. (Naut.) A small eyebolt ragged or barbed at the point.

Sprig

Sprig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sprigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sprigging (?).] To mark or adorn with the representation of small branches; to work with sprigs; as, to sprig muslin.

Sprigged

Sprigged (?), a. Having sprigs.

Spriggy

Sprig"gy (?), a. Full of sprigs or small branches.

Spright

Spright (?), n. [See Sprite.]

1. Spirit; mind; soul; state of mind; mood. [Obs.] "The high heroic spright." <-- similar to sprite, now most often used. Any difference? --> Spenser.

Wondrous great grief groweth in my spright. Spenser.

2. A supernatural being; a spirit; a shade; an apparition; a ghost.

Forth he called, out of deep darkness dread, Legions of sprights. Spenser.
To thee, O Father, Son, and Sacred Spright. Fairfax.

3. A kind of short arrow. [Obs.] Bacon.

Spright

Spright, v. t. To haunt, as a spright. [Obs.] Shak.

Sprightful

Spright"ful (?), a. [Spright sprite + full.] Full of spirit or of life; earnest; vivacious; lively; brisk; nimble; gay. [Obs.] -- Spright"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] <-- = spirited, now most common. This word sounds too much like "frightful" --> Shak. -- Spright"ful*ness, n. [Obs.]
Spoke like a sprightful gentlemen. Shak.
Steeds sprightful as the light. Cowley.

Sprightless

Spright"less, a. Destitute of life; dull; sluggish.

Sprightliness

Spright"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sprightly; liveliness; life; briskness; vigor; activity; gayety; vivacity.
In dreams, observe with what a sprightliness and alacrity does she [the soul] exert herself! Addison.

Sprightly

Spright"ly (?), a. [Compar. Sprightlier (?); superl. Sprightliest.] [See Sprite.] Sprightlike, or spiritlike; lively; brisk; animated; vigorous; airy; gay; as, a sprightly youth; a sprightly air; a sprightly dance. "Sprightly wit and love inspires." Dryden.
The sprightly Sylvia trips along the green. Pope.

Sprigtail

Sprig"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail duck; -- called also sprig, and spreet-tail. [Local, U.S.] (b) The sharp-tailed grouse. [Local, U.S.]

Spring

Spring (?), v. i. [imp. Sprang (?) or Sprung (; p. p. Sprung; p. pr. & vb. n. Springing.] [AS. springan; akin to D. & G. springen, OS. & OHG. springan, Icel. & Sw. springa, Dan. springe; cf. Gr. Springe, Sprinkle.]

1. To leap; to bound; to jump.

The mountain stag that springs From height to height, and bounds along the plains. Philips.

2. To issue with speed and violence; to move with activity; to dart; to shoot.

And sudden light Sprung through the vaulted roof. Dryden.

3. To start or rise suddenly, as from a covert.

Watchful as fowlers when their game will spring. Otway.

4. To fly back; as, a bow, when bent, springs back by its elastic power.

5. To bend from a straight direction or plane surface; to become warped; as, a piece of timber, or a plank, sometimes springs in seasoning.

6. To shoot up, out, or forth; to come to the light; to begin to appear; to emerge; as a plant from its seed, as streams from their source, and the like; -often followed by up, forth, or out.

Till well nigh the day began to spring. Chaucer.
To satisfy the desolate and waste ground, and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth. Job xxxviii. 27.
Do not blast my springing hopes. Rowe.
O, spring to light; auspicious Babe, be born. Pope.

7. To issue or proceed, as from a parent or ancestor; to result, as from a cause, motive, reason, or principle.

[They found] new hope to spring Out of despair, joy, but with fear yet linked. Milton.

8. To grow; to prosper.

What makes all this, but Jupiter the king, At whose command we perish, and we spring? Dryden.
To spring at, to leap toward; to attempt to reach by a leap. -- To spring forth, to leap out; to rush out. -- To spring in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste. -- To spring on ∨ upon, to leap on; to rush on with haste or violence; to assault.

Spring

Spring (?), v. t.

1. To cause to spring up; to start or rouse, as game; to cause to rise from the earth, or from a covert; as, to spring a pheasant.

2. To produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly. <-- to spring a surprise on s.o. -->

She starts, and leaves her bed, amd springs a light. Dryden.
The friends to the cause sprang a new project. Swift.

3. To cause to explode; as, to spring a mine.

4. To crack or split; to bend or strain so as to weaken; as, to spring a mast or a yard.

5. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap operated by a spring; as, to spring a trap.

6. To bend by force, as something stiff or strong; to force or put by bending, as a beam into its sockets, and allowing it to straighten when in place; -- often with in, out, etc.; as, to spring in a slat or a bar.

7. To pass over by leaping; as, to spring a fence.

To spring a butt (Naut.), to loosen the end of a plank in a ship's bottom. -- To spring a leak (Naut.), to begin to leak. -- To spring an arch (Arch.), to build an arch; -- a common term among masons; as, to spring an arcg over a lintel. -- To spring a rattle, to cause a rattle to sound. See Watchman's rattle, under Watchman. -- To spring the luff (Naut.), to ease the helm, and sail nearer to the wind than before; -- said of a vessel. Mar. Dict. -- To spring a mast ∨ spar (Naut.), to strain it so that it is unserviceable.

Spring

Spring, n. [AS. spring a fountain, a leap. See Spring, v. i.]

1. A leap; a bound; a jump.

The prisoner, with a spring, from prison broke. Dryden.

2. A flying back; the resilience of a body recovering its former state by elasticity; as, the spring of a bow.

3. Elastic power or force.

Heavens! what a spring was in his arm! Dryden.

4. An elastic body of any kind, as steel, India rubber, tough wood, or compressed air, used for various mechanical purposes, as receiving and imparting power, diminishing concussion, regulating motion, measuring weight or other force. &hand; The principal varieties of springs used in mechanisms are the spiral spring (Fig. a), the coil spring (Fig. b), the elliptic spring (Fig. c), the half-elliptic spring (Fig. d), the volute spring, the India-rubber spring, the atmospheric spring, etc.

5. Any source of supply; especially, the source from which a stream proceeds; as issue of water from the earth; a natural fountain. "All my springs are in thee." Ps. lxxxvii. 7. "A secret spring of spiritual joy." Bentley. "The sacred spring whence and honor streams." Sir J. Davies.

6. Any active power; that by which action, or motion, is produced or propagated; cause; origin; motive.

Our author shuns by vulgar springs to move The hero's glory, or the virgin's love. Pope.

7. That which springs, or is originated, from a source; as: (a) A race; lineage. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A youth; a springal. [Obs.] Spenser. (c) A shoot; a plant; a young tree; also, a grove of trees; woodland. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.

8. That which causes one to spring; specifically, a lively tune. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

9. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and grow; the vernal season, usually comprehending the months of March, April, and May, in the middle latitudes north of the equator. "The green lap of the new-come spring." Shak. &hand; Spring of the astronomical year begins with the vernal equinox, about March 21st, and ends with the summer solstice, about June 21st.

10. The time of growth and progress; early portion; first stage. "The spring of the day." 1 Sam. ix. 26.

O how this spring of love resembleth The uncertain glory of an April day. Shak.

11. (Naut.) (a) A crack or fissure in a mast or yard, running obliquely or transversely. (b) A line led from a vessel's quarter to her cable so that by tightening or slacking it she can be made to lie in any desired position; a line led diagonally from the bow or stern of a vessel to some point upon the wharf to which she is moored.

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring.
Page 1394

--

Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.
Sir, pray hand the spring of pork to me. Gayton.
-- Spring pin (Locomotive Engines), an iron rod fitted between the springs and the axle boxes, to sustain and regulate the pressure on the axles. -- Spring rye, a kind of rye sown in the spring; -- in distinction from winter rye, sown in autumn. -- Spring stay (Naut.), a preventer stay, to assist the regular one. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Spring tide, the tide which happens at, or soon after, the new and the full moon, and which rises higher than common tides. See Tide. -- Spring wagon, a wagon in which springs are interposed between the body and the axles to form elastic supports. -- Spring wheat, any kind of wheat sown in the spring; -- in distinction from winter wheat, which is sown in autumn.

Springal, Springald, Springall

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"al (?), Spring"ald (?), Spring"all (?), a. [Scot. springald, springel, fr. Scot. & E. spring.] An active, springly young man. [Obs.] "There came two springals of full tender years." Spenser.
Joseph, when he was sold to Potiphar, that great man, was a fair young springall. Latimer.

Springal

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"al, n. [OF. espringale; of Teutonic origin, akin to E. spring.] An ancient military engine for casting stones and arrows by means of a spring.

Springboard

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"board` (?), n. An elastic board, secured at the ends, or at one end, often by elastic supports, used in performing feats of agility or in exercising.

Springbok, Springbuck

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"bok` (?), Spring"buck` (?), n. [D. springbok; springen to spring, leap + bok a he-goat, buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A South African gazelle (Gazella euchore) noted for its graceful form and swiftness, and for its peculiar habit of springing lighty and suddenly into the air. It has a white dorsal stripe, expanding into a broad patch of white on the rump and tail. Called also springer. [Written also springboc, and springbock.]

Springe

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Springe (?), n. [From Spring, v. i.: cf. G. sprenkel, Prov. E. springle.] A noose fastened to an elastic body, and drawn close with a sudden spring, whereby it catches a bird or other animal; a gin; a snare.
As a woodcock to mine own springe. Shak.

Springe

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Springe, v. t. To catch in a springe; to insnare. [R.]

Springe

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"e (? ∨ ?), v. t. [OE. sprengen. See Sprinkle.] To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.]
He would sowen some difficulty, Or springen cockle in our cleane corn. Chaucer.

Springer

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, springs; specifically, one who rouses game.

2. A young plant. [Obs.] Evelyn.

3. (Arch.) (a) The impost, or point at which an arch rests upon its support, and from which it seems to spring. Hence: (b) The bottom stone of an arch, which lies on the impost. The skew back is one form of springer. (c) The rib of a groined vault, as being the solid abutment for each section of vaulting.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The grampus.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the field spaniel. See Spaniel.

6. (Zo\'94l.) A species of antelope; the sprinkbok.

Springhalt

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"halt` (?), n. (Far.) A kind of lameness in horse. See Stringhalt. Shak.

Springhead

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"head` (?), n. A fountain or source.

Springiness

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"i*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being springly. Boyle.

Springing

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who, or that which, springs.

2. Growth; increase; also, that which springs up; a shoot; a plant.

Thou blessest the springing thereof. Ps. lxv. 10.
Springing line of an arch (Arch.), the horizontal line drawn through the junction of the vertical face of the impost with the curve of the intrados; -- called also spring of an arch.

Springle

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprin"gle (?), n. A springe. [Prov. Eng.]

Springlet

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"let (?), n. A little spring.
But yet from out the little hill Oozes the slender springlet still. Sir W. Scott.

Springtail

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small apterous insects belonging to the order Thysanura. They have two elastic caudal stylets which can be bent under the abdomen and then suddenly extended like a spring, thus enabling them to leap to a considerable distance. See Collembola, and Podura.

Springtide

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"tide (?), n. The time of spring; springtime. Thomson.

Springtime

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"time` (?), n. The season of spring; springtide.

Springy

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spring"y (?), a. [Compar. Springier (?); superl. Springiest.] [From Spring.]

1. Resembling, having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a spring; elastic; as, springy steel; a springy step.

Though her little frame was slight, it was firm and springy. Sir W. Scott.

2. Abounding with springs or fountains; wet; spongy; as, springy land.

Sprinkle

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprin"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sprinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sprinkling (?).] [OE. sprenkelen, freq. of sprengen to sprinkle, to scatter, AS. sprengan, properly, to make to spring, causative of springan to spring; akin to D. sprenkelen to sprinkle, G. sprengen. See Spring, v. i., and cf. Sprent.]

1. To scatter in small drops or particles, as water, seed, etc.

2. To scatter on; to disperse something over in small drops or particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water; to sprinkle a floor with sand.

3. To baptize by the application of a few drops, or a small quantity, of water; hence, to cleanse; to purify.

Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Heb. x. 22.

Sprinkle

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprin"kle, v. i.

1. To scatter a liquid, or any fine substance, so that it may fall in particles.

And the priest shall . . . sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the Lord. Lev. xiv. 16.

2. To rain moderately, or with scattered drops falling now and then; as, it sprinkles.

3. To fly or be scattered in small drops or particles.

Sprinkle

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprin"kle, n.

1. A small quantity scattered, or sparsely distributed; a sprinkling.

2. A utensil for sprinkling; a sprinkler. [Obs.]

Sprinkler

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprin"kler (?), n.

1. One who sprinkles.

2. An instrument or vessel used in sprinkling; specifically, a watering pot.

Sprinkling

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprin"kling (?), n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sprinkles.

Baptism may well enough be performed by sprinkling or effusion of water. Ayliffe.

2. A small quantity falling in distinct drops or particles; as, a sprinkling of rain or snow.

3. Hence, a moderate number or quantity distributed like drops. Craik.

Sprint

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprint (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprinting.] [Cf. Sprunt.] To run very rapidly; to run at full speed.
A runner [in a quarter-mile race] should be able to sprint the whole way. Encyc. Brit.

Sprint

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprint, n. The act of sprinting; a run of a short distance at full speed. Sprint race, a foot race at the highest running speed; -- usually limited to distance under a quarter of a mile.

Sprinter

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprint"er (?), n. One who sprints; one who runs in sprint races; as, a champion sprinter.

Sprit

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprit (?), v. t. [Akin to G. spritzen, spr\'81tzen. See Sprit, v. i.] To throw out with force from a narrow orifice; to eject; to spurt out. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Sprit

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprit, v. i. [AS. spryttan to sprout, but. See Sprout, v. i., and cf. Spurt, v. t., Sprit a spar.] To sprout; to bud; to germinate, as barley steeped for malt.

Sprit

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprit, n. A shoot; a sprout. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Sprit

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprit, n. [OE. spret, AS. spre\'a2t a sprit; spear; akin to D. spriet, and E. sprout, sprit, v.t. & i. See Sprout, v. i.] (Naut.) A small boom, pole, or spar, which crosses the sail of a boat diagonally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which it is used to extend and elevate.

Sprite

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprite (?), n. [OE. sprit, F. esprit, fr. L. spiritus. See Spirit, and cf. Sprightly.]

1. A spirit; a soul; a shade; also, an apparition. See Spright.

Gaping graves received the wandering, guilty sprite. Dryden.

2. An elf; a fairy; a goblin.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The green woodpecker, or yaffle.

Spriteful, a. Spritefully, adv., Spriteliness

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprite"ful (?), a. Sprite"ful*ly, adv., Sprite"li*ness (, n., Sprite"ly, a., etc. See Sprightful, Sprightfully, Sprightliness, Sprightly, etc.

Spritsail

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprit"sail (? ∨ ?), n. (Naut.) (a) A sail extended by a sprit. (b) A sail formerly hung under the bowsprit, from the spritsail yard.

Sprocket wheel

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprock"et wheel` (?). [Etymology of sprocket is uncertain.] (Mach.) Same as Chain wheel.

Sprod

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprod (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zo\'94l.) A salmon in its second year. [Prov. Eng.]

Sprong

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprong (?), obs. imp. of Spring. Sprung.

Sprout

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprout (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprouting.] [OE. sprouten, spruten; akin to OFries. spr, AS. spre\'a2tan, D. spruiten, G. spriessen, Sw. spruta to squirt, to spout. Cf. Sprit, v. t. & i., Sprit a spar, Spout, v. t., Spurt.]

1. To shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push out new shoots; hence, to grow like shoots of plants.

2. To shoot into ramifications. [Obs.] Bacon.

Sprout

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprout, v. t.

1. To cause to sprout; as, the rain will sprout the seed.

2. To deprive of sprouts; as, to sprout potatoes.

Sprout

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprout, n. [Cf. AS. sprote a sprout, sprig; akin to Icel. sproti, G. sprosse. See Sprout, v. i.]

1. The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed, from the stump, or from the root or tuber, of a plant or tree; more rarely, a shoot from the stem of a plant, or the end of a branch.

2. pl. Young coleworts; Brussels sprouts. Johnson.

Brussels sprouts (Bot.) See under Brussels.

Spruce

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spruce (?), n. [OE. Spruce or Pruse, Prussia, Prussian. So named because it was first known as a native of Prussia, or because its sprouts were used for making, spruce beer. Cf. Spruce beer, below, Spruce, a.]

1. (Bot.) Any coniferous tree of the genus Picea, as the Norway spruce (P. excelsa), and the white and black spruces of America (P. alba and P. nigra), besides several others in the far Northwest. See Picea.

2. The wood or timber of the spruce tree.

3. Prussia leather; pruce. [Obs.]

Spruce, a sort of leather corruptly so called for Prussia leather. E. Phillips.
Douglas spruce (Bot.), a valuable timber tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) of Northwestern America. -- Essence of spruce, a thick, dark-colored, bitterish, and acidulous liquid made by evaporating a decoction of the young branches of spruce. -- Hemlock spruce (Bot.), a graceful coniferous tree (Tsuga Canadensis) of North America. Its timber is valuable, and the bark is largely used in tanning leather. -- Spruce beer. [G. sprossenbier; sprosse sprout, shoot (akin to E. sprout, n.) + bier beer. The word was changed into spruce because the beer came from Prussia (OE. Spruce), or because it was made from the sprouts of the spruce. See Sprout, n., Beer, and cf. Spruce, n.] A kind of beer which is tinctured or flavored with spruce, either by means of the extract or by decoction. -- Spruce grouse. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Spruce partridge, below. -- Spruce leather. See Spruce, n., 3. -- Spruce partridge (Zo\'94l.), a handsome American grouse (Dendragapus Canadensis) found in Canada and the Northern United States; -- called also Canada grouse.

Spruce

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spruce (?), a. [Compar. Sprucer (?); superl. Sprucest] [Perhaps fr. spruce a sort of leather from Prussia, which was an article of finery. See Spruce, n.]

1. Neat, without elegance or dignity; -- formerly applied to things with a serious meaning; now chiefly applied to persons. "Neat and spruce array." Remedy of Love.

2. Sprightly; dashing. [Obs.] "Now, my spruce companions." Shak.

He is so spruce that he can never be genteel. Tatler.
Syn. -- Finical; neat; trim. See Finical. -- Sruce"ly, adv. -- Spruce"ness, n.

Spruce

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spruce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spruced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sprucing (?).] To dress with affected neatness; to trim; to make spruce.

Spruce

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spruce, v. i. To dress one's self with affected neatness; as, to spruce up.

Sprue

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprue (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. (Founding) (a) Strictly, the hole through which melted metal is poured into the gate, and thence into the mold. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in this hole; hence, dross.

2. (Med.) Same as Sprew.

Sprug

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprug (?), v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. sprug up to dress neatly, sprag to prop, a., lively.] To make smart. [Obs.]

Sprung

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprung (?), imp. & p. p. of Spring.

Sprung

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprung, a. (Naut.) Said of a spar that has been cracked or strained.

Sprunt

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprunt (?), v. i. [Cf. Sprout, v. i.] To spring up; to germinate; to spring forward or outward. [Obs.] To sprunt up, to draw one's self up suddenly, as in anger or defiance; to bristle up. [Local, U.S.]

Sprunt

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprunt, n.

1. Anything short and stiff. [Obs.]

2. A leap; a spring. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

3. A steep ascent in a road. [Prov. Eng.]

Sprunt

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprunt, a. Active; lively; vigorous. [Obs.] Kersey.

Spruntly

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Sprunt"ly, adv. In a sprunt manner; smartly; vigorously; youthfully. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Spry

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spry (?), a. [Compar. Sprier or Spryer (; superl. Spriest or Spryest.] [Cf. dial. Sw. sprygg lively, skittish, and E. sprag.] Having great power of leaping or running; nimble; active. [U.S. & Local Eng.]
She is as spry as a cricket. S. Judd (Margaret).
If I'm not so large as you, You are not so small as I, And not half so spry. Emerson.

Spud

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spud (?), n. [Cf. Dan. spyd a spear.]

1. A sharp, narrow spade, usually with a long handle, used by farmers for digging up large-rooted weeds; a similarly shaped implement used for various purposes.

My spud these nettles from the stone can part. Swyft.

2. A dagger. [Obs.] olland.

3. Anything short and thick; specifically, a piece of dough boiled in fat. [Local, U.S.]

Spue

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spue (?), v. t. & i. See Spew.

Spuilzie

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spuil"zie (?), n. See Spulzie.

Spuke

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spuke (?), n. See Spook.

Spuller

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spul"ler (, n. [For spooler.] [See Spool.] One employed to inspect yarn, to see that it is well spun, and fit for the loom. [Prov. Eng.]

Spulzie

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spul"zie (?), n. [Cf. Spoil.] Plunder, or booty. [Written also spuilzie, and spulye.] Sir W. Scott.

Spume

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spume (?), n. [L. spuma. Cf. Pumice, Spoom.] Frothy matter raised on liquids by boiling, effervescence, or agitation; froth; foam; scum.
Materials dark and crude, Of spiritous and fiery spume. Milton.

Spume

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spuming.] [L. spumare.] To froth; to foam.

Spumeous

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spume"ous (?), a. Spumous. [Obs.] r. H. More.

Spumescence

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spu*mes"cence (?), n. [See Spumescent.] The state of being foamy; frothiness.

Spumescent

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spu*mes"cent (?), a. [L. spumescens, p.pr. of spumescere to grow foamy, from spuma foam.] Resembling froth or foam; foaming.

Spumid

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spum"id (?), a. [L. spumidis.] Spumous; frothy. [Obs.]

Spumiferous

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spu*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. spumifier; spuma foam + ferra bear.] Producing foam.

Spuminess

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n. -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora l\'91ta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zo\'94l.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zo\'94l.), a caddice fly; -- so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. 1394 -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. -- Spring of an arch (Arch.) See Springing line of an arch, under Springing. -- Spring of pork, the lower part of a fore quarter, which is divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] Nares.> Spum"i*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being spumy; spumescence.
Page 1395

Spumous, Spumy

Spum"ous (?), Spum"y (?), a. [L. spumosus, spuma foam: cf. F. spumeux.] Consisting of, containing, or covered with, froth, scum, or foam; frothy; foamy.
The spumous and florid state of the blood. Arbuthnot.
The spumy waves proclaim the watery war. Dryden.

Spun

Spun (?), imp. & p. p. of Spin. Spun hay, hay twisted into ropes for convenient carriage, as on a military expedition. -- Spun silk, a cheap article produced from floss, or short-fibered, broken, and waste silk, carded and spun, in distinction from the long filaments wound from the cocoon. It is often mixed with cotton. -- Spun yarn (Naut.), a line formed of two or more rope-yarns loosely twisted.

Spunge

Spunge (sp&ucr;nj), n. A sponge. [Obs.]

Spunk

Spunk (sp&ucr;&nsm;k), n. [Gael. spong, or Ir. sponc, tinder, sponge; cf. AS. sponge a sponge (L. spongia), sp&omac;n a chip. Cf. Sponge, Punk.] [Written also sponk.]

1. Wood that readily takes fire; touchwood; also, a kind of tinder made from a species of fungus; punk; amadou. Sir T. Browne.

2. An inflammable temper; spirit; mettle; pluck; as, a man of spunk. [Colloq.]

A lawless and dangerous set, men of spunk, and spirit, and power, both of mind and body. Prof. Wilson.

Spunky

Spunk"y (?), a. [Compar. Spunkier (?); superl. Spunkiest.] Full of spunk; quick; spirited. [Colloq.]

Spur

Spur (?), n. [See Sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A sparrow. [Scot.] (b) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

Spur

Spur, n. [OE. spure, AS. spura, spora; akin to D. spoor, G. sporn, OHG. sporo, Icel. spori, Dan. spore, Sw. sporre, and to AS. spor a trace, footstep, spyrian to trace, track, examine, and E. spurn. &root;171. Cf. Sparrow, Spere, Spoor, Spurn.]

1. An implement secured to the heel, or above the heel, of a horseman, to urge the horse by its pressure. Modern spurs have a small wheel, or rowel, with short points. Spurs were the badge of knighthood.

And on her feet a pair of spurs large. Chaucer.
<-- To earn one's spurs, win one's spurs, to earn recognition for achievement or for expertise. -->

2. That which goads to action; an incitement.

Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise (That last infirmity of noble mind) To scorn delights and live laborious days. Milton.

3. Something that projects; a snag.

4. One of the large or principal roots of a tree. Shak.

5. (Zo\'94l.) Any stiff, sharp spine, as on the wings and legs of certain burds, on the legs of insects, etc.; especially, the spine on a cock's leg.

6. A mountain that shoots from any other mountain, or range of mountains, and extends to some distance in a lateral direction, or at right angles.

7. A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of the boot, to enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale, to strip off the blubber.

8. (Carp.) A brace strengthening a post and some connected part, as a rafter or crossbeam; a strut.

9. (Arch.) (a) The short wooden buttress of a post. (b) A projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.

10. (Bot.) (a) Any projecting appendage of a flower looking like a spur. Gray. (b) Ergotized rye or other grain. [R.]

11. (Fort.) A wall that crosses a part of a rampart and joins to an inner wall.

12. (Shipbuilding) (a) A piece of timber fixed on the bilge ways before launching, having the upper ends bolted to the vessel's side. (b) A curved piece of timber serving as a half to support the deck where a whole beam can not be placed.

Spur fowl (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Asiatic gallinaceous birds of the genus Galloperdix, allied to the jungle fowl. The males have two or more spurs on each leg. -- Spur gear (Mach.), a cogwheel having teeth which project radially and stand parallel to the axis; a spur wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which spur gears are used. See under Gearing. -- Spur pepper. (Bot.) See the Note under Capsicum. -- Spur wheel. Same as Spur gear, above.

Spur

Spur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spurring.]

1. To prick with spurs; to incite to a more hasty pace; to urge or goad; as, to spur a horse.

2. To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of an object; to incite; to stimulate; to instigate; to impel; to drive.

Love will not be spurred to what it loathes. Shak.

3. To put spurs on; as, a spurred boot.

Spur

Spur, v. i. To spur on one' horse; to travel with great expedition; to hasten; hence, to press forward in any pursuit. "Now spurs the lated traveler." Shak.
The Parthians shall be there, And, spurring from the fight, confess their fear. Dryden.
The roads leading to the capital were covered with multitudes of yeomen, spurring hard to Westminster. Macaulay.
Some bold men, . . . by spurring on, refine themselves. Grew.

Spurgall

Spur"gall` (?), n. A place galled or excoriated by much using of the spur.

Spurgall

Spur"gall`, v. t. To gall or wound with a spur.

Spurge

Spurge (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.] To emit foam; to froth; -- said of the emission of yeast from beer in course of fermentation. [Obs.] W. Cartright.

Spurge

Spurge, n. [OF. espurge, F. \'82purge, from OF. espurgier to purge, L. expurgare. See Expurgate, Purge.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Euphobia. See Euphorbia. Spurge flax, an evergreen shrub (Daphne Gnidium) with crowded narrow leaves. It is native of Southern Europe. -- Spurge laurel, a European shrub (Daphne Laureola) with oblong evergreen leaves. -- Spurge nettle. See under Nettle. -- Spurge olive, an evergreen shrub (Daphne oleoides) found in the Mediterranean region.

Spurgewort

Spurge"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any euphorbiaceous plant. Lindley.

Spurging

Spur"ging (?), n. [See 2d Spurge.] A purging. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Spurious

Spu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. spurius.]

1. Not proceeding from the true source, or from the source pretended; not genuine; false; adulterate.

2. Not legitimate; bastard; as, spurious issue. "Her spurious firstborn." Milton.

Spurious primary, ∨ Spurious quill (Zo\'94l.), the first, or outer, primary quill when rudimentary or much reduced in size, as in certain singing birds. -- Spurious wing (Zo\'94l.), the bastard wing, or alula. Syn. -- Counterfeit; false; adulterate; supposititious; fictitious; bastard. -- Spu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Spu"ri*ous*ness, n.

Spurless

Spur"less (?), a. Having no spurs.

Spurling

Spur"ling (?), n. [See Sparling.] (Zo\'94l.) A tern. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

Spurling-line

Spur"ling-line` (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. spurling the rut of a wheel, a cart rut, AS. spor a track, trace, E. spoor. Scot. spurl to sprawl.] (Naut.) The line which forms the communication between the steering wheel and the telltale.

Spurn

Spurn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spurned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spurning.] [OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over, AS. spurnan to kick, offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna, L. spernere to despise, Skr. sphur to jerk, to push. &root;171. See Spur.]

1. To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick.

[The bird] with his foot will spurn adown his cup. Chaucer.
I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. Shak.

2. To reject with disdain; to scorn to receive or accept; to treat with contempt.

What safe and nicely I might well delay By rule of knighthood, I disdain and spurn. Shak.
Domestics will pay a more cheerful service when they find themselves not spurned because fortune has laid them at their master's feet. Locke.

Spurn

Spurn, v. i.

1. To kick or toss up the heels.

The miller spurned at a stone. Chaucer.
The drunken chairman in the kennel spurns. Gay.

2. To manifest disdain in rejecting anything; to make contemptuous opposition or resistance.

Nay, more, to spurn at your most royal image. Shak.

Spurn

Spurn, n.

1. A kick; a blow with the foot. [R.]

What defence can properly be used in such a despicable encounter as this but either the slap or the spurn? Milton.

2. Disdainful rejection; contemptuous tratment.

The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes. Shak.

3. (Mining) A body of coal left to sustain an overhanding mass.

Spurner

Spurn"er (?), n. One who spurns.

Spurn-water

Spurn"-wa`ter (?), n. (Naut.) A channel at the end of a deck to restrain the water.

Spurred

Spurred (?), a.

1. Wearing spurs; furnished with a spur or spurs; having shoots like spurs.

2. Affected with spur, or ergot; as, spurred rye.

Spurred corolla (Bot.), a corolla in which there are one or more petals with a spur.

Spurrer

Spur"rer (?), n. One who spurs.

Spurrey

Spur"rey (?), n. (Bot.) See Spurry.

Spurrier

Spur"ri*er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make spurs. B. Jonson. "The saddlers and spurriers would be ruined by thousands." Macaulay.

Spur-royal

Spur"-roy`al (?), n. A gold coin, first made in the reign of Edward IV., having a star on the reverse resembling the rowel of a spur. In the reigns of Elizabeth and of James I., its value was fifteen shillings. [Written also spur-rial, and spur-ryal.]

Spurry

Spur"ry (?), n. [D. or OF. spurrie; cf. G. spergel, NL. spergula.] (Bot.) An annual herb (Spergula arvensis) with whorled filiform leaves, sometimes grown in Europe for fodder. [Written also spurrey.] Sand spurry (Bot.), any low herb of the genus Lepigonum, mostly found in sandy places.

Spur-shell

Spur"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of handsome gastropod shells of the genus Trochus, or Imperator. The shell is conical, with the margin toothed somewhat like the rowel of a spur.

Spurt

Spurt (?), v. i. [Written also spirt, and originally the same word as sprit; OE. sprutten to sprout, AS. spryttan. See Sprit, v. i., Sprout, v. i.] To gush or issue suddenly or violently out in a stream, as liquor from a cask; to rush from a confined place in a small stream or jet; to spirt.
Thus the small jet, which hasty hands unlock, Spurts in the gardener's eyes who turns the cock. Pope.

Spurt

Spurt, v. t. To throw out, as a liquid, in a stream or jet; to drive or force out with violence, as a liquid from a pipe or small orifice; as, to spurt water from the mouth.

Sourt

Sourt, n.

1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a liquid, as of water from a tube, orifice, or other confined place, or of blood from a wound; a jet; a spirt.

2. A shoot; a bud. [Obs.] Holland.

3. Fig.: A sudden outbreak; as, a spurt of jealousy.

Spurt grass (Bot.), a rush fit for basket work. Dr. Prior.

Spurt

Spurt (?), n. [Cf. Icel. sprette a spurt, spring, run, spretta to sprit, spring.] A sudden and energetic effort, as in an emergency; an increased exertion for a brief space.
The long, steady sweep of the so-called "paddle" tried him almost as much as the breathless strain of the spurt. T. Hughes.

Spurt

Spurt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spurted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spurting.] To make a sudden and violent exertion, as in an emergency.

Spurtle

Spur"tle (?), v. t. [Freq. of spurt.] To spurt or shoot in a scattering manner. [Obs.] Drayton.

Spurway

Spur"way` (?), n. [Prov. E. spoor a track, trace (AS. spor) + way.] A bridle path. [R.]

Spur-winged

Spur"-winged` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having one or more spurs on the bend of the wings. Spur-winged goose (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of long-legged African geese of the genus Plectropterus and allied genera, having a strong spur on the bend of the wing, as the Gambo goose (P. Gambensis) and the Egyptian, or Nile, goose (Alopochen \'92gyptiaca). -- Spur-winged plover (Zo\'94l.), an Old World plover (Hoplopterus spinosus) having a sharp spur on the bend of the wing. It inhabits Northern Africa and the adjacent parts of Asia and Europe.

Sput

Sput (?), n. (Steam Boiler) An annular re\'89nforce, to strengthen a place where a hole is made.

Sputation

Spu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. sputare to spit, v. intens. fr. spuere to spit: cf. F. sputation.] The act of spitting; expectoration. Harvey.

Sputative

Spu"ta*tive (?), a. Inclined to spit; spitting much. Sir H. Wotton.

Spute

Spute (?), v. t. [Abbrev. from dispute.] To dispute; to discuss. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Sputter

Sput"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sputtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sputtering.] [From the root of spout or spit to eject from the mputh. Cf. Splutter.]

1. To spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small, scattered portions, as in rapid speaking.

2. To utter words hastily and indistinctly; to speak so rapidly as to emit saliva.

They could neither of them speak their rage, and so fell a sputtering at one another, like two roasting apples. Congreve.

3. To throw out anything, as little jets of steam, with a noise like that made by one sputtering.

Like the green wood . . . sputtering in the flame. Dryden.

Sputter

Sput"ter, v. t. To spit out hastily by quick, successive efforts, with a spluttering sound; to utter hastily and confusedly, without control over the organs of speech.
In the midst of caresses, and without the last pretend incitement, to sputter out the basest accusations. Swift.

Sputter

Sput"ter, n. Moist matter thrown out in small detached particles; also, confused and hasty speech.

Sputterer

Sput"ter*er (?), n. One who sputters.

Sputum

Spu"tum (?), n.; pl. Sputa (#). [L., from spuere, sputum, to spit.] That which is expectorated; a salival discharge; spittle; saliva.

Spy

Spy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spying.] [OE. spien, espien, OF. espier, F. \'82pier, OHG. speh, G. sp\'84hen; akin to L. specere to see, Skr. spa(Espy, v.t., Aspect, Auspice, Circumspect, Conspicuouc, Despise, Frontispiece, Inspect, Prospect, Respite, Scope, Scecimen, Spectacle, Specter, Speculate, Spice, Spite, Suspicion.] To gain sight of; to discover at a distance, or in a state of concealment; to espy; to see.
One in reading, skipped over all sentences where he spied a note of admiration. Swift.

2. To discover by close search or examination.

Look about with yout eyes; spy what things are to be reformed in the church of England. Latimer.

3. To explore; to view; inspect; and examine secretly, as a country; -- usually with out.

Moses sent to spy Jaazer, and they took the villages thereof. Num. xxi. 32.

Spy

Spy, v. i. To search narrowly; to scrutinize.
It is my nature's plague To spy into abuses. Shak.

Spy

Spy, n.; pl. Spies (#). [See Spy, v., and cf. Espy, n.]

1. One who keeps a constant watch of the conduct of others. "These wretched spies of wit." Dryden.

2. (Mil.) A person sent secretly into an enemy's camp, territory, or fortifications, to inspect his works, ascertain his strength, movements, or designs, and to communicate such intelligence to the proper officer.

Spy money, money paid to a spy; the reward for private or secret intelligence regarding the enemy. -- Spy Wednesday (Eccl.), the Wednesday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; -- so called in allusion to the betrayal of Christ by Judas Iscariot. Syn. -- See Emissary, and Scout.

Spyboat

Spy"boat` (?), n. A boat sent to make discoveries and bring intelligence. Arbuthnot.

Spyglass

Spy"glass (?), n. A small telescope for viewing distant terrestrial objects.

Spyism

Spy"ism (?), n. Act or business of spying. [R.]

Spynace; 48, Spyne

Spy"nace (?; 48), Spyne (?), n. (Naut.) See Pinnace, n., 1 (a).

Squab

Squab (?), a. [Cf. dial. Sw. sqvabb a soft and fat body, sqvabba a fat woman, Icel. kvap jelly, jellylike things, and and E. quab.]

1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky.

Nor the squab daughter nor the wife were nice. Betterton.

2. Unfledged; unfeathered; as, a squab pigeon. King.

Squab

Squab, n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A neatling of a pigeon or other similar bird, esp. when very fat and not fully fledged.

2. A person of a short, fat figure.

Gorgonious sits abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan. Cowper.

3. A thickly stuffed cushion; especially, one used for the seat of a sofa, couch, or chair; also, a sofa.

Punching the squab of chairs and sofas. Dickens.
On her large squab you find her spread. Pope.

Squab

Squab, adv. [Cf. dial. Sw. squapp, a word imitative of a splash, and E. squab fat, unfledged.] With a heavy fall; plump. [Vulgar]
The eagle took the tortoise up into the air, and dropped him down, squab, upon a rock. L'Estrange.

Squab

Squab, v. i. To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or with a heavy stroke. [Obs.]

Squabash

Squa*bash" (?), v. t. To crush; to quash; to squash. [Colloq. or Slang, Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Squabbish

Squab"bish (?), a. Thick; fat; heavy.
Page 1396

Squabble

Squab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squabbling (?).] [Cf. dial. Sw. skvabbel a dispute, skvappa to chide.]

1. To contend for superiority in an unseemly maner; to scuffle; to struggle; to wrangle; to quarrel.

2. To debate peevishly; to dispute.

The sense of these propositions is very plain, though logicians might squabble a whole day whether they should rank them under negative or affirmative. I. Watts.
Syn. -- To dispute; contend; scuffle; wrangle; quarrel; struggle.

Squabble

Squab"ble, v. t. (Print.) To disarrange, so that the letters or lines stand awry or are mixed and need careful readjustment; -- said of type that has been set up.

Squabble

Squab"ble, n. A scuffle; a wrangle; a brawl.

Squabbler

Squab"bler (?), n. One who squabbles; a contentious person; a brawler.

Squabby

Squab"by (?), a. Short and thick; suqabbish.

Squab-chick

Squab"-chick` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young chicken before it is fully fledged. [Prov. Eng.]

Squacco

Squac"co (?), n.; pl. Squaccos (. (Zo\'94l.) A heron (Ardea comata) found in Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Europe.

Squad

Squad (?), n. [F. escouade, fr. Sp. escuadra, or It. squadra, (assumed) LL. exquadrare to square; L. ex + quadra a square. See Square.]

1. (Mil.) A small party of men assembled for drill, inspection, or other purposes.

2. Hence, any small party.

Squad

Squad, n. Sloppy mud. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.

Squadron

Squad"ron (?), n. [F. escadron, formerly also esquadron, or It. squadrone. See Squad.]

1. Primarily, a square; hence, a square body of troops; a body of troops drawn up in a square. [R.]

Those half-rounding quards Just met, and, closing, stood in squadron joined. Milton.

2. (Mil.) A body of cavarly comparising two companies or troops, and averging from one hundred and twenty to two hundred men.

3. (Naut.) A detachment of vessels employed on any particular service or station, under the command of the senior officer; as, the North Atlantic Squadron. Totten.

Flying squadron, a squadron of observation or practice, that cruises rapidly about from place to place. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Squadroned

Squad"roned (?), a. Formed into squadrons, or squares. [R.] Milton.

Squail

Squail (?), v. i. To throw sticls at cocks; to throw anything about awkwardly or irregularly. [Prov. Eng.] Southey.

Squaimous

Squai"mous (?), a. Squeamish. [Obs.]

Squali

Squa"li (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. squalus a kind of sea fish.] (Zo\'94l.) The suborder of elasmobranch fishes which comprises the sharks.

Squalid

Squal"id (?), a. [L. squalidus, fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.] Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy; extremely dirty.
Uncomed his locks, and squalid his attrie. Dryden.
Those squalid dens, which are the reproach of large capitals. Macaulay.

Squalidity

Squa*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. squaliditas.] The quality or state of being squalid; foulness; filthiness.

Squalidly

Squal"id*ly (?), adv. In a squalid manner.

Squalidness

Squal"id*ness, n. Quality or state of being squalid.

Squall

Squall (?), n. [Cf. Sw. sqval an impetuous running of water, sqvalregn a violent shower of rain, sqala to stream, to gush.] A sudden violent gust of wind often attended with rain or snow.
The gray skirts of a lifting squall. Tennyson.
Black squall, a squall attended with dark, heavy clouds. -- Thick squall, a black squall accompanied by rain, hail, sleet, or snow. Totten. -- White squall, a squall which comes unexpectedly, without being marked in its approach by the clouds. Totten.

Squall

Squall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squalling.] [Icel. skvala. Cf. Squeal.] To cry out; to scream or cry violently, as a woman frightened, or a child in anger or distress; as, the infant squalled.

Squall

Squall, n. A loud scream; a harsh cry.
There oft are heard the notes of infant woe, - The short, thick sob, loud scream, and shriller squall. Pope.

Squaller

Squall"er (?), n. One who squalls; a screamer.

Squally

Squall"y (?), a.

1. Abounding with squalls; disturbed often with sudden and violent gusts of wind; gusty; as, squally weather.

2. (Agric.) Interrupted by unproductive spots; -- said of a flied of turnips or grain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Weaving) Not equally good throughout; not uniform; uneven; faulty; -- said of cloth.

Squalodon

Squa"lo*don (?), n. [NL. Squalus a genus of sharks + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil whales belonging to the Phocodontia; -- so called because their are serrated, like a shark's.

Squalodont

Squa"lo*dont (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to Squalodon.

Squaloid

Squa"loid (?), a. [NL. Squalus a genus of sharks (fr. L. squalus a kind of sea fish) + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to a shark or sharks.

Squalor

Squa"lor (?), n. [L., fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.] Squalidness; foulness; filthness; squalidity.
The heterogenous indigent multitude, everywhere wearing nearly the same aspect of squalor. Taylor.
To bring this sort of squalor among the upper classes. Dickens.

Squama

Squa"ma (?), n.; pl. Squam\'91 (#). [L. a scale.] (Med.) A scale cast off from the skin; a thin dry shred consisting of epithelium.

Squamaceous

Squa*ma"ceous (?), a. Squamose.

Squamata

Squa*ma"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. squamatus scaly.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of edentates having the body covered with large, imbricated horny scales. It includes the pangolins.

Squamate, Squamated

Squa"mate (?), Squa"ma*ted (?), a. [L. squamatus.] Same as Squamose.

Squamduck

Squam"duck` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The American eider duck. [Local, U.S.]

Squame

Squame (?), n. [L. squama scale.]

1. A scale. [Obs.] "iron squames." Chaucer.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean.

Squamella

Squa*mel"la (?), n.; pl. Squamell\'91 (#). [NL., dim. fr. L. squama a scale.] (Bot.) A diminutive scale or bractlet, such as those found on the receptacle in many composite plants; a palea.

Squamellate

Squa*mel"late (?), a. Furnished or covered with little scales; squamulose.

Squamiform

Squa"mi*form (?), a.[L. squama a scale + -form.] Having the shape of a scale.

Squamigerous

Squa*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L. squamiger; squama a scale + gerere to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing scales.

Squamipen

Squam"i*pen (? ∨ ?), n. ;pl. Squamipennes (#). [L. squama a scale + penna a fin: cf. F. squamipenne.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a group of fishes having the dorsal and anal fins partially covered with scales. &hand; They are compressed and mostly, bright-colored tropical fishes, belonging to Ch\'91todon and allied genera. Many of them are called soral fishes, and angel fishes.

Squamoid

Squa"moid (?), a. [L. squama scale + -oid.] Resembling a scale; also, covered with scales; scaly.

Squamosal

Squa*mo"sal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Scalelike; squamous; as, the squamosal bone. (b) Of or pertaining to the squamosal bone. -- n. The squamous part of the temporal bone, or a bone correspondending to it, under Temporal.

Squamose ∨ Squa*mose" (? ∨ , Squa"mous (?), [L. squamosus, fr. squama a scale: cf. F. squameux.]

1. Covered with, or consisting of, scales; resembling a scale; scaly; as, the squamose cones of the pine; squamous epithelial cells; the squamous portion of the temporal bone, which is so called from a fancied resemblance to a scale.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the squamosal bone; squamosal.

Squamozygomatic

Squa`mo*zyg`o*mat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the squamosal and zygomatic bones; -- applied to a bone, or a center of ossification, in some fetal skulls. -- n. A squamozygomatic bone.

Squamula

Squam"u*la (? ∨ ?), n.; pl. Squamul\'91 (#). [L., dim. of squama a scale.] (Bot.) One of the little hypogynous scales found in the flowers of grasses; a lodicule.

Squamulate

Squam"u*late (?), a. Same as Squamulose.

Squamule

Squam"ule (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Squamula.

Squamulose

Squam"u*lose` (?; 277), a. Having little scales; squamellate; squamulate.

Squander

Squan"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squandering.] [Cf. Scot. squatter to splash water about, to scatter, to squander, Prov. E. swatter, Dan. sqvatte, Sw. sqv\'84tta to squirt, sqv\'84ttra to squander, Icel. skvetta to squirt out, to throw out water.]

1. To scatter; to disperse. [Obs.]

Our squandered troops he rallies. Dryden.

2. To spend lavishly or profusely; to spend prodigally or wastefully; to use without economy or judgment; to dissipate; as, to squander an estate.

The crime of squandering health is equal to the folly. Rambler.
Syn. -- To spend; expend; waste; scatter; dissipate.

Squander

Squan"der, v. i.

1. To spend lavishly; to be wasteful.

They often squandered, but they never gave. Savage.

2. To wander at random; to scatter. [R.]

The wise man's folly is anatomized Even by squandering glances of the fool. Shak.

Squander

Squan"der, n. The act of squandering; waste.

Squanderer

Squan"der*er (?), n. One who squanders.

Squanderingly

Squan"der*ing*ly, adv. In a squandering manner.

Square

Square (?), n. [OF. esquarre, esquierre, F. \'82querre a carpenter's square (cf. It. squadra), fr. (assumed) LL. exquadrare to make square; L. ex + quadrus a square, fr. quattuor four. See Four, and cf. Quadrant, Squad, Squer a square.]

1. (Geom.) (a) The corner, or angle, of a figure. [Obs.] (b) A parallelogram having four equal sides and four right angles.

2. Hence, anything which is square, or nearly so; as: (a) A square piece or fragment.

He bolted his food down his capacious throat in squares of three inches. Sir W. Scott.
(b) A pane of glass. (c) (Print.) A certain number of lines, forming a portion of a column, nearly square; -- used chiefly in reckoning the prices of advertisements in newspapers. (d) (Carp.) One hundred superficial feet.

3. An area of four sides, generally with houses on each side; sometimes, a solid block of houses; also, an open place or area for public use, as at the meeting or intersection of two or more streets.

The statue of Alexander VII. stands in the large square of the town. Addison.

4. (Mech. & Joinery) An instrument having at least one right angle and two or more straight edges, used to lay out or test square work. It is of several forms, as the T square, the carpenter's square, the try-square., etc.

5. Hence, a pattern or rule. [Obs.]

6. (Arith. & Alg.) The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; thus, 64 is the square of 8, for 8 × 8 = 64; the square of a + b is a2 + 2ab + b2.

7. Exact proportion; justness of workmanship and conduct; regularity; rule. [Obs.]

They of Galatia [were] much more out of square. Hooker.
I have not kept my square. Shak.

8. (Mil.) A body of troops formed in a square, esp. one formed to resist a charge of cavalry; a squadron. "The brave squares of war." Shak.

9. Fig.: The relation of harmony, or exact agreement; equality; level.

We live not on the square with such as these. Dryden.

10. (Astrol.) The position of planets distant ninety degrees from each other; a quadrate. [Obs.]

11. The act of squaring, or quarreling; a quarrel. [R.]

12. The front of a woman's dress over the bosom, usually worked or embroidered. [Obs.] Shak.

Geometrical square. See Quadrat, n., 2. -- Hollow square (Mil.), a formation of troops in the shape of a square, each side consisting of four or five ranks, and the colors, officers, horses, etc., occupying the middle. -- Least square, Magic square, etc. See under Least, Magic, etc. -- On the square, ∨ Upon the square, in an open, fair manner; honestly, or upon honor. [Obs. or Colloq.] -- On, ∨ Upon, the square with, upon equality with; even with. Nares. -- To be all squares, to be all settled. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- To be at square, to be in a state of quarreling. [Obs.] Nares. -- To break no square, to give no offense; to make no difference. [Obs.] -- To break squares, to depart from an accustomed order. To see how the squares go, to see how the game proceeds; -- a phrase taken from the game of chess, the chessboard being formed with squares. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Square

Square (?), a.

1. (Geom.) Having four equal sides and four right angles; as, a square figure.

2. Forming a right angle; as, a square corner.

3. Having a shape broad for the height, with rectilineal and angular rather than curving outlines; as, a man of a square frame.

4. Exactly suitable or correspondent; true; just.

She's a most truimphant lady, if report be square to her. Shak.

5. Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest, as square dealing.

6. Even; leaving no balance; as, to make or leave the accounts square.

7. Leaving nothing; hearty; vigorous.

By Heaven, square eaters. More meat, I say. Beau. & Fl.

8. (Naut.) At right angles with the mast or the keel, and parallel to the horizon; -- said of the yards of a square-rigged vessel when they are so braced. &hand; Square is often used in self-explaining compounds or combination, as in square-built, square-cornered, square-cut, square-nosed, etc.

Square foot, an area equal to that of a square the sides of which are twelwe inches; 144 square inches. -- Square knot, a knot in which the terminal and standing parts are parallel to each other; a reef knot. See Illust. under Knot. -- Square measure, the measure of a superficies or surface which depends on the length and breadth taken conjointly. The units of square measure are squares whose sides are the linear measures; as, square inches, square feet, square meters, etc. -- Square number. See square, n., 6. -- Square root of a number ∨ quantity (Math.), that number or quantity which, multiplied by itself produces the given number or quantity. -- Square sail (Naut.), a four-sided sail extended upon a yard suspended by the middle; sometimes, the foresail of a schooner set upon a yard; also, a cutter's or sloop's sail boomed out. See Illust of Sail. -- Square stern (Naut.), a stern having a transom and joining the counter timbers at an angle, as distinguished from a round stern, which has no transom. -- Three-square, Five-square, etc., having three, five, etc., equal sides; as, a three-square file. -- To get square with, to get even with; to pay off. [Colloq.]

Square

Square, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squaring.] [Cf. OF. escarrer, esquarrer. See Square, n.]

1. To form with four sides and four right angles. Spenser.

2. To form with right angles and straight lines, or flat surfaces; as, to square mason's work.

3. To compare with, or reduce to, any given measure or standard. Shak.

4. To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; to fit; as, to square our actions by the opinions of others.

Square my trial To my proportioned strength. Milton.

5. To make even, so as leave no remainder of difference; to balance; as, to square accounts.

6. (Math.) To multiply by itself; as, to square a number or a quantity.

7. (Astrol.) To hold a quartile position respecting.

The icy Goat and Crab that square the Scales. Creech.

8. (Naut.) To place at right angles with the keel; as, to square the yards.

To square one's shoulders, to raise the shoulders so as to give them a square appearance, -- a movement expressing contempt or dislike. Sir W. Scott. -- To square the circle (Math.), to determine the exact contents of a circle in square measure. The solution of this famous problem is now generally admitted to be impossible.

Square

Square, v. i.

1. To accord or agree exactly; to be consistent with; to conform or agree; to suit; to fit.

No works shall find acceptamce . . . That square not truly with the Scripture plan. Cowper.

2. To go to opposite sides; to take an attitude of offense or defense, or of defiance; to quarrel. [Obs.]

Are you such fools To square for this? Shak.

3. To take a boxing attitude; -- often with up, sometimes with off. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Squarely

Square"ly, adv. In a square form or manner.

Squareness

Square"ness, n. The quality of being square; as, an instrument to try the squareness of work.

Squarer

Squar"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, squares.

2. One who squares, or quarrels; a hot-headed, contentious fellow. [Obs.] Shak.

Page 1397

Square-rigged

Square"-rigged` (skw&acir;r"r&icr;gd`), a. (Naut.) Having the sails extended upon yards suspended horizontally by the middle, as distinguished from fore-and-aft sails; thus, a ship and a brig are square-rigged vessels.

Square-toed

Square"-toed` (-t&omac;d`), n. Having the toe square.
Obsolete as fardingales, ruffs, and square-toed shoes. V. Knox.

Square-toes

Square"-toes` (?), n. A precise person; -- used contemptuously or jocularly. Thackeray.

Squarish

Squar"ish, a. Nearly square. Pennant.

Squarrose

Squar*rose" (? ∨ ?; 277), a. [L. squarrosus (perhaps) scurfy, scabby.] Ragged or full of lose scales or projecting parts; rough; jagged; as: (a) (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Consisting of scales widely divaricating; having scales, small leaves, or other bodies, spreading widely from the axis on which they are crowded; -- said of a calyx or stem. (b) (Bot.) Divided into shreds or jags, raised above the plane of the leaf, and not parallel to it; said of a leaf. (c) (Zo\'94l.) Having scales spreading every way, or standing upright, or at right angles to the surface; -- said of a shell. Squarrose-slashed (Bot.), doubly slashed, with the smaller divisions at right angles to the others, as a leaf. Landley.

Squarroso-dentate

Squar*ro`so-den"tate (?), a. (Bot.) Having the teeth bent out of the plane of the lamina; -- said of a leaf.

Squarrous

Squar"rous (? ∨ ?), a. Squarrose.

Squarrulose

Squar"ru*lose` (?), a. [Dim. of squarrose.] (Bot.) Somewhat squarrose; slightly squarrose. Gray.

Squash

Squash (?), n. [Cf. Musquash.] (Zo\'94l.) An American animal allied to the weasel. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

Squash

Squash, n. [Massachusetts Indian asq, pl. asquash, raw, green, immaturate, applied to fruit and vegetables which were used when green, or without cooking; askutasquash vine apple.] (Bot.) A plant and its fruit of the genus Cucurbita, or gourd kind. &hand; The species are much confused. The long-neck squash is called Cucurbita verrucosa, the Barbary or China squash, C. moschata, and the great winter squash, C. maxima, but the distinctions are not clear. Squash beetle (Zo\'94l.), a small American beetle (Diabrotica, ∨ Galeruca vittata) which is often abundant and very injurious to the leaves of squash, cucumber, etc. It is striped with yellow and black. The name is applied also to other allied species. -- Squash bug (Zo\'94l.), a large black American hemipterous insect (Coreus, ∨ Anasa, tristis) injurious to squash vines.

Squash

Squash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squashing.] [OE. squashen, OF. escachier, esquachier, to squash, to crush, F. \'82cacher, perhaps from (assumed) LL. excoacticare, fr. L. ex + coactare to constrain, from cogere, coactum, to compel. Cf. Cogent, Squat, v. i.] To beat or press into pulp or a flat mass; to crush.

Squash

Squash, n.

1. Something soft and easily crushed; especially, an unripe pod of pease.

Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a boy; as a squash is before 't is a peascod. Shak.

2. Hence, something unripe or soft; -- used in contempt. "This squash, this gentleman." Shak.

3. A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body; also, a shock of soft bodies. Arbuthnot.

My fall was stopped by a terrible squash. Swift.

Squasher

Squash"er (?), n. One who, or that which, squashes.

Squashiness

Squash"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being squashy, or soft.

Squashy

Squash"y (?), a. Easily squashed; soft.

Squat

Squat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The angel fish (Squatina angelus

Squat

Squat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Squatting.] [OE. squatten to crush, OF. esquater, esquatir (cf. It. quatto squat, cowering), perhaps fr. L. ex + coactus, p. p. cogere to drive or urge together. See Cogent, Squash, v. t.]

1. To sit down upon the hams or heels; as, the savages squatted near the fire.

2. To sit close to the ground; to cower; to stoop, or lie close, to escape observation, as a partridge or rabbit.

3. To settle on another's land without title; also, to settle on common or public lands.

Squat

Squat, v. t. To bruise or make flat by a fall. [Obs.]

Squat

Squat, a.

1. Sitting on the hams or heels; sitting close to the ground; cowering; crouching.

Him there they found, Squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve. Milton.

2. Short and thick, like the figure of an animal squatting. "The round, squat turret." R. Browning.

The head [of the squill insect] is broad and squat. Grew.

Squat

Squat, n.

1. The posture of one that sits on his heels or hams, or close to the ground.

2. A sudden or crushing fall. [Obs.] erbert.

3. (Mining) (a) A small vein of ore. (b) A mineral consisting of tin ore and spar. Halliwell. Woodward.

Squat snipe (Zo\'94l.), the jacksnipe; -- called also squatter. [Local, U.S.]

Squaterole

Squat"er*ole (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The black-bellied plover.

Squatter

Squat"ter (?), n.

1. One who squats; specifically, one who settles unlawfully upon land without a title. In the United States and Australia the term is sometimes applied also to a person who settles lawfully upon government land under permission and restrictions, before acquiring title.

In such a tract, squatters and trespassers were tolerated to an extent now unknown. Macaulay.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Squat snipe, under Squat.

Squatter sovereignty, the right claimed by the squatters, or actual residents, of a Territory of the United States to make their own laws. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

Squatty

Squat"ty (?), a. Squat; dumpy. J. Burroughs.

Squaw

Squaw (?), n. [Massachusetts Indian squa, eshqua; Narragansett squ\'83ws; Delaware ochqueu, and khqueu; used also in compound words (as the names of animals) in the sense of female.] A female; a woman; -- in the language of Indian tribes of the Algonquin family, correlative of sannup. Old squaw. (Zo\'94l.) See under Old.

Squawberry

Squaw"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A local name for the partridge berry; also, for the deerberry. [U. S.]

Squawk

Squawk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squawked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squawking.] [See Squeak.] To utter a shrill, abrupt scream; to squeak harshly. Squawking thrush (Zo\'94l.), the missel turush; -- so called from its note when alarmed. [Prov. Eng.]

Squawk

Squawk, n.

1. Act of squawking; a harsh squeak.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The American night heron. See under Night.

Squawk duck (Zo\'94l.), the bimaculate duck (Anas glocitans). It has patches of reddish brown behind, and in front of, each eye. [Prov. Eng.]

Squawl

Squawl (?), v. i. See Squall.

Squawroot

Squaw"root` (?), n. (Bot.) A scaly parasitic plant (Conopholis Americana) found in oak woods in the United States; -- called also cancer root.

Squawweed

Squaw"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) The golden ragwort. See under Ragwort.

Squeak

Squeak (?), v. i. [imp.& p. p. Squaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squeaking.] [Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. sqv\'84ka to croak, Icel. skvakka to give a sound as of water shaken in a bottle.]

1. To utter a sharp, shrill cry, usually of short duration; to cry with an acute tone, as an animal; or, to make a sharp, disagreeable noise, as a pipe or quill, a wagon wheel, a door; to creak.

Who can endure to hear one of the rough old Romans squeaking through the mouth of an eunuch? Addison.
Zoilus calls the companions of Ulysses the "squeaking pigs" of Homer. Pope.

2. To break silence or secrecy for fear of pain or punishment; to speak; to confess. [Colloq.] <-- = squeal? See below. in MW10, they are synonyms -->

If he be obstinate, put a civil question to him upon the rack, and he squeaks, I warrant him. Dryden.

Squeak

Squeak, n. A sharp, shrill, disagreeable sound suddenly utered, either of the human voice or of any animal or instrument, such as is made by carriage wheels when dry, by the soles of leather shoes, or by a pipe or reed.

Squeaker

Squeak"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, squeaks.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The Australian gray crow shrile (Strepera anaphonesis); -- so called from its note. <-- 3. A contest won by a slim margin; or a narrow escape from harm. -->

Squeakingly

Squeak"ing*ly, adv. In a squeaking manner.

Squeal

Squeal (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squealing.] [Of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. sqv\'84la, Norw. skvella. Cf. Squeak, Squall.]

1. To cry with a sharp, shrill, prolonged sound, as certain animals do, indicating want, displeasure, or pain.

2. To turn informer; to betray a secret. [Slang]

Squeal

Squeal, n. A shrill, somewhat prolonged cry.

Squealer

Squeal"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, squeals.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European swift. (b) The harlequin duck. (c) The American golden plover.

Squeamish

Squeam"ish (?), a. [OE. squaimous, sweymous, probably from OE. sweem, swem, dizziness, a swimming in the head; cf. Icel. svemr a bustle, a stir, Norw. sveim a hovering about, a sickness that comes upon one, Icel. svimi a giddiness, AS. sw\'c6mi. The word has been perhaps confused witrh qualmish. Cf. Swim to be dizzy.] Having a stomach that is easily or nauseated; hence, nice to excess in taste; fastidious; easily disgusted; apt to be offended at trifling improprieties.
Quoth he, that honor's very squeamish That takes a basting for a blemish. Hudibras.
His muse is rustic, and perhaps too plain The men of squeamish taste to entertain. Southern.
So ye grow squeamish, Gods, and sniff at heaven. M. Arnold.
Syn. -- Fastidious; dainty; overnice; scrupulous. See Fastidious. -- Squeam"ish*ly, adv. -- Squeam"ish*ness, n.

Squeamous

Squeam"ous (?), a. Squeamish. [Obs.]

Squeasiness

Squea"si*ness (?), n. Queasiness. [Obs.]

Squesy

Sque"sy (?), a. Queasy; nice; squeamish; fastidious; scrupulous. [Obs.] Bp. Earle.

Squeegee

Squee"gee (?), n. Same as Squilgee.

Squeeze

Squeeze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squeezed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squeezing.] [OE. queisen, AS. cw&emac;san, cw&ymac;san, cw\'c6san, of uncertain origin. The s- was probably prefixed through the influence of squash, v.t.]

1. To press between two bodies; to press together closely; to compress; often, to compress so as to expel juice, moisture, etc.; as, to squeeze an orange with the fingers; to squeeze the hand in friendship.

2. Fig.: To oppress with hardships, burdens, or taxes; to harass; to crush.

In a civil war, people must expect to be crushed and squeezed toward the burden. L'Estrange.

3. To force, or cause to pass, by compression; often with out, through, etc.; as, to squeeze water through felt. Syn. -- To compress; hug; pinch; gripe; crowd.

Squeeze

Squeeze, v. i. To press; to urge one's way, or to pass, by pressing; to crowd; -- often with through, into, etc.; as, to squeeze hard to get through a crowd.

Squeeze

Squeeze, n.

1. The act of one who squeezes; compression between bodies; pressure.

2. A facsimile impression taken in some soft substance, as pulp, from an inscription on stone.

Squeezer

Squeez"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, squeezes; as, a lemon squeezer.

2. (Forging) (a) A machine like a large pair of pliers, for shingling, or squeezing, the balls of metal when puddled; -- used only in the plural. (b) A machine of several forms for the same purpose; -- used in the singular.

Squeezing

Squeez"ing, n.

1. The act of pressing; compression; oppression.

2. pl. That which is forced out by pressure; dregs.

3. Same as Squeeze, n., 2.

Squelch

Squelch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squelched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squelching.] [Cf. prov. E. quelch a blow, and quel to crush, to kill.] To quell; to crush; to silence or put down. [Colloq.]
Oh 't was your luck and mine to be squelched. Beau. & Fl.
If you deceive us you will be squelched. Carlyle.

Squelch

Squelch, n. A heavy fall, as of something flat; hence, also, a crushing reply. [Colloq.] Hudibras.

Squeteague

Sque*teague" (skw&esl;*t&emac;g"), n. [from the North American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) An American sci\'91noid fish (Cynoscion regalis), abundant on the Atlantic coast of the United States, and much valued as a food fish. It is of a bright silvery color, with iridescent reflections. Called also weakfish, squitee, chickwit, and sea trout. The spotted squeteague (C. nebulosus) of the Southern United States is a similar fish, but the back and upper fins are spotted with black. It is called also spotted weakfish, and, locally, sea trout, and sea salmon. <-- also called squit. See under squitee. -->

Squib

Squib (?), n. [OE. squippen, swippen, to move swiftky, Icel. svipa to swoop, flash, dart, whip; akin to AS. swipian to whip, and E. swift, a. See Swift, a.]

1. A little pipe, or hollow cylinder of paper, filled with powder or combustible matter, to be thrown into the air while burning, so as to burst there with a crack.

Lampoons, like squibs, may make a present blaze. Waller.
The making and selling of fireworks, and squibs . . . is punishable. Blackstone.

2. (Mining) A kind of slow match or safety fuse.

3. A sarcastic speech or publication; a petty lampoon; a brief, witty essay.

Who copied his squibs, and re\'89choed his jokes. Goldsmith.

4. A writer of lampoons. [Obs.]

The squibs are those who in the common phrase of the world are called libelers, lampooners, and pamphleteers. Tatler.

5. A paltry fellow. [Obs.] Spenser.

Squib

Squib, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squibbing.] To throw squibs; to utter sarcatic or severe reflections; to contend in petty dispute; as, to squib a little debate. [Colloq.]

Squid

Squid (?), n. [Cf. Squirt.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of ten-armed cephalopods having a long, tapered body, and a caudal fin on each side; especially, any species of Loligo, Ommastrephes, and related genera. See Calamary, Decacerata, Dibranchiata. &hand; Some of these squids are very abundant on the Atlantic coast of North America, and are used in large quantities for bait, especially in the cod fishery. The most abundant of the American squids are the northern squid (Ommastrephes illecebrosus), ranging from Southern New England to Newfoundland, and the southern squid (Loligo Pealii), ranging from Virginia to Massachusetts.

2. A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or other substance, fastened on its shank to imitate a squid.

Flying squid, Giant squid. (Zo\'94l.) See under Flying, and Giant. -- Squid hound (Zo\'94l.), the striped bass.

Squier

Squier (?), n. A square. See 1st Squire. [Obs.]
Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the squier. Shak.

Squierie, Squiery

Squi"er*ie, Squi"er*y, (, n. [OF. escuiere. See Esquire.] A company of squires; the whole body of squires. &hand; This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but is not in the modern editions.

Squiggle

Squig"gle (?), v. i. [Cf. Prov. E. swiggle to drink greedily, to shake liquor in a close vessel, and E. sqig.] To shake and wash a fluid about in the mouth with the lips closed. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

Squiggle

Squig"gle, v. i. [Cf. Squirm, Wiggle.] To move about like an eel; to squirm. [Low, U.S.] Bartlett.
Page 1398

Squilgee

Squil"gee (?), n. Formerly, a small swab for drying a vessel's deck; now, a kind of scraper having a blade or edge of rubber or of leather, -- used for removing superfluous, water or other liquids, as from a vessel's deck after washing, from window panes, photographer's plates, etc. [Written also squillgee, squillagee, squeegee.]

Squill

Squill (?), n. [F. squille (also scille a squill, in sense 1), L. squilla, scilla, Gr.

1. (Bot.) (a) A European bulbous liliaceous plant (Urginea, formerly Scilla, maritima), of acrid, expectorant, diuretic, and emetic properties used in medicine. Called also sea onion. (b) Any bulbous plant of the genus Scilla; as, the bluebell squill (S. mutans).

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A squilla. (b) A mantis.

Squilla

Squil"la (?), n.; pl. E. Squillas (#), L. Squill\'91 (#). [L., a sea onion, also, a prawn or shrimp. See Squill.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous stomapod crustaceans of the genus Squilla and allied genera. They make burrows in mud or beneath stones on the seashore. Called also mantis shrimp. See Illust. under Stomapoda.

Squillitic

Squill*it"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to squills. [R.] "Squillitic vinegar." Holland.

Squinance, Squinancy

Squin"ance (?), Squin"an*cy (?), n. [F. esquinancie, OF. squinance, esquinance. See Quinsy.]

1. (Med.) The quinsy. See Quinsy. [Obs.]

2. (Bot.) A European perennial herb (Asperula cynanchica) with narrowly linear whorled leaves; -- formerly thought to cure the quinsy. Also called quincewort.

Squinancy berries, black currants; -- so called because used to cure the quinsy. Dr. Prior.

Squinch

Squinch (?), n. [Corrupted fr. sconce.] (Arch.) A small arch thrown across the corner of a square room to support a superimposed mass, as where an octagonal spire or drum rests upon a square tower; -- called also sconce, and sconcheon.

Squinsy

Squin"sy (?), n. (Med.) See Quinsy. [Obs.]

Squint

Squint (?), a. [Cf. D. schuinte a slope, schuin, schuinisch, sloping, oblique, schuins slopingly. Cf. Askant, Askance, Asquint.]

1. Looking obliquely. Specifically (Med.), not having the optic axes coincident; -- said of the eyes. See Squint, n., 2.

2. Fig.: Looking askance. "Squint suspicion." Milton.

Squint

Squint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Squinting.]

1. To see or look obliquely, asquint, or awry, or with a furtive glance.

Some can squint when they will. Bacon.

2. (Med.) To have the axes of the eyes not coincident; -- to be cross-eyed.

3. To deviate from a true line; to run obliquely.

Squint

Squint, v. t.

1. To turn to an oblique position; to direct obliquely; as, to squint an eye.

2. To cause to look with noncoincident optic axes.

He . . . squints the eye, and makes the harelid. Shak.

Squint

Squint, n.

1. The act or habit of squinting.

2. (Med.) A want of coincidence of the axes of the eyes; strabismus.

3. (Arch.) Same as Hagioscope.

Squinter

Squint"er (?), n. One who squints.

Squint-eye

Squint"-eye` (?), n. An eye that squints. Spenser.

Squint-eyed

Squint"-eyed` (?), a.

1. Having eyes that quint; having eyes with axes not coincident; cross-eyed.

2. Looking obliquely, or asquint; malignant; as, squint-eyed praise; squint-eyed jealousy.

Squintifego

Squint`i*fe"go (?), a. Squinting. [Obs. & R.]

Squinting

Squint"ing (?), a. & n. from Squint, v. -- Squint"ing*ly, adv.

Squiny

Squin"y (?), v. i. To squint. [Obs.] Shak.

Squinzey

Squin"zey (?), n. (Med.) See Quinsy. [Obs.]

Souir

Souir (?), v. t. To throw with a jerk; to throw edge foremost. [Obs.] [Written also squirr.] Addison.

Squiralty

Squir"al*ty (?), n. Same as Squirarchy.
That such weight and influence be put thereby into the hands of the squiralty of my kingdom. Sterne.

Squirarch

Squir"arch (?), n. [Squire + -arch.] One who belongs to the squirarchy. -- Squir"arch*al (#), a.

Squirarchy

Squir"arch*y (?), n. [Squire + -archy.] The gentlemen, or gentry, of a country, collectively. [Written also squirearchy.]

Squire

Squire (?), n. [OF. esquierre, F. \'82querre. See Square, n.] A square; a measure; a rule. [Obs.] "With golden squire." Spenser.

Squire

Squire, n. [Aphetic form of esquire.]

1. A shield-bearer or armor-bearer who attended a knight.

2. A title of dignity next in degree below knight, and above gentleman. See Esquire. [Eng.] "His privy knights and squires." Chaucer.

3. A male attendant on a great personage; also (Colloq.), a devoted attendant or follower of a lady; a beau.

4. A title of office and courtesy. See under Esquire.

Squire

Squire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. squired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. squiring.]

1. To attend as a squire. Chaucer.

2. To attend as a beau, or gallant, for aid and protection; as, to squire a lady. [Colloq.] Goldsmith.

Squireen

Squir*een" (?), n. One who is half squire and half farmer; -- used humorously. [Eng.] C. Kingsley.

Squirehood

Squire"hood (?), n. The rank or state of a squire; squireship. Swift.

squireling

squire"ling (?), n. A petty squire. Tennyson.

Squirely

Squire"ly, a. & adv. Becoming a squire; like a squire.

squireship

squire"ship, n. Squirehood.

Squirm

Squirm (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Squirmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Squirming.] [Cf. Swarm to climb a tree.] To twist about briskly with contor

Squirr

Squirr (?), v. t. See Squir.

Squirrel

Squir"rel (? ∨ ?; 277), n. [OE. squirel, OF. esquirel, escurel, F. \'82cureuil, LL. squirelus, squirolus, scuriolus, dim. of L. sciurus, Gr. si`oyros; skia` shade + o'yra` tail. Cf. Shine, v. i.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small rodents belonging to the genus Sciurus and several allied genera of the famly Sciurid\'91. Squirrels generally have a bushy tail, large erect ears, and strong hind legs. They are commonly arboreal in their habits, but many species live in burrows. &hand; Among the common North American squirrels are the gray squirrel (Scirius Carolinensis) and its black variety; the fox, or cat, sqirrel (S. cinereus, or S. niger) which is a large species, and variable in color, the southern variety being frequently black, while the northern and western varieties are usually gray or rusty brown; the red squirrel (see Chickaree); the striped, or chipping, squirrel (see Chipmunk); and the California gray squirrel (S. fossor). Several other species inhabit Mexico and Central America. The common European species (Sciurus vulgaris) has a long tuft of hair on each ear. the so-called Australian squirrels are marsupials. See Petaurist, and Phalanger.

2. One of the small rollers of a carding machine which work with the large cylinder.

Barking squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the prairie dog. -- Federation squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the striped gopher. See Gopher, 2. -- Flying squirrel (Zo\'94l.). See Flying squirrel, in the Vocabulary. -- Java squirrel (Zo\'94l.). See Jelerang. -- Squirrel corn (Bot.), a North American herb (Dicantra Canadensis) bearing little yellow tubers. -- Squirrel cup (Bot.), the blossom of the Hepatica triloba, a low perennial herb with cup-shaped flowers varying from purplish blue to pink or even white. It is one of the earliest flowers of spring. -- Squirrel fish (Zo\'94l.) (a) A sea bass (Serranus fascicularis) of the Southern United States. (b) The sailor's choice (Diplodus rhomboides). (c) The redmouth, or grunt. (d) A market fish of Bermuda (Holocentrum Ascensione). -- Squirrel grass (Bot.), a pestiferous grass (Hordeum murinum) related to barley. In California the stiffly awned spiklets work into the wool of sheep, and into the throat, flesh, and eyes of animals, sometimes even producing death. -- Squirrel hake (Zo\'94l.), a common American hake (Phycis tenuis); -- called also white hake. -- Squirrel hawk (Zo\'94l.), any rough-legged hawk; especially, the California species Archibuteo ferrugineus. -- Squirrel monkey. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of small, soft-haired South American monkeys of the genus Calithrix. They are noted for their graceful form and agility. See Teetee. (b) A marmoset. -- Squirrel petaurus (Zo\'94l.), a flying phalanger of Australia. See Phalanger, Petaurist, and Flying phalanger under Flying. -- Squirrel shrew (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the genus Tupaia. They are allied to the shrews, but have a bushy tail, like that of a squirrel. -- Squirrel-tail grass (Bot.), a grass (Hordeum jubatum) found in salt marshes and along the Great Lakes, having a dense spike beset with long awns.

Squirt

Squirt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Squirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Squirting.] [Cf. LG. swirtjen to squirt, OSw. sqv\'84tta, E. squander.] To drive or eject in a stream out of a narrow pipe or orifice; as, to squirt water.
The hard-featured miscreant coolly rolled his tobacco in his cheek, and squirted the juice into the fire grate. Sir W. Scott.
Squirting cucumber. (Bot.) See Ecballium.

Squirt

Squirt, v. i.

1. To be thrown out, or ejected, in a rapid stream, from a narrow orifice; -- said of liquids.

2. Hence, to throw out or utter words rapidly; to prate. [Low] L'Estrange.

Squirt

Squirt, n.

1. An instrument out of which a liquid is ejected in a small stream with force. Young.

2. A small, quick stream; a jet. Bacon.

Squirter

Squirt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, squirts.

Squiry

Squir"y (?), n. [See Squiery.] The body of squires, collectively considered; squirarchy. [Obs.]
The flower of chivalry and squiry. Ld. Berbers.

Squitch grass

Squitch" grass` (?). (Bot.) Quitch grass.

Squitee

Squi*tee" (?), n. [From the N. American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The squeteague; -- called also squit.

Stab

Stab (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stabbing.] [Cf. OD. staven to fix, fasten, fr. stave, staff, a staff, rod; akin to G. stab a staff, stick, E. staff; also Gael. stob to stab, as n., a stake, a stub. Cf. Staff.]

1. To pierce with a pointed weapon; to wound or kill by the thrust of a pointed instrument; as, to stab a man with a dagger; also, to thrust; as, to stab a dagger into a person.

2. Fig.: To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or slander; as, to stab a person's reputation.

Stab

Stab, v. i.

1. To give a wound with a pointed weapon; to pierce; to thrust with a pointed weapon.

None shall dare With shortened sword to stab in closer war. Dryden.

2. To wound or pain, as if with a pointed weapon.

She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. Shak.
To stab at, to offer or threaten to stab; to thrust a pointed weapon at.

Stab

Stab, n.

1. The thrust of a pointed weapon.

2. A wound with a sharp-pointed weapon; as, to fall by the stab an assassin. Shak.

3. Fig.: An injury inflicted covertly or suddenly; as, a stab given to character.

Stabat Mater

Sta"bat Ma"ter (?). [L., the mother was standing.] A celebrated Latin hymn, beginning with these words, commemorating the sorrows of the mother of our Lord at the foot of the cross. It is read in the Mass of the Sorrows of the Virgin Mary, and is sung by Catholics when making "the way of the cross" (Via Crucis). See Station, 7 (c).

Stabber

Stab"ber (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, stabs; a privy murderer.

2. (Naut.) A small marline spike; a pricker.

Stabbingly

Stab"bing*ly (?), adv. By stabbing; with intent to injure covertly. Bp. Parker.

Stabiliment

Sta*bil"i*ment (?), n. [L. stabilimentum, fr.stabilire to make firm ir stable, fr. stabilis. See Stable, a.] The act of making firm; firm support; establishment. [R.] Jer. taylor.
They serve for stabiliment, propagation, and shade. Derham.

Stabilitate

Sta*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. [LL. stabilitatus, p.p. of stabilitare to make stable.] To make stable; to establish. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Stability

Sta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. stabilitas; cf. F. stabilit\'82. See Stable, a.]

1. The state or quality of being stable, or firm; steadiness; firmness; strength to stand without being moved or overthrown; as, the stability of a structure; the stability of a throne or a constitution.

2. Steadiness or firmness of character, firmness of resolution or purpose; the quality opposite to fickleness, irresolution, or inconstancy; constancy; steadfastness; as, a man of little stability, or of unusual stability.

3. Fixedness; -- as opposed to fluidity.

Since fluidness and stability are contary qualities. Boyle.
Syn. -- Steadiness; stableness; constancy; immovability; firmness.

Stable

Sta"ble (?), a. [OE. estable, F. stable, fr. L. stabilis, fr. stare to stand. See Stand, v. i. and cf. Establish.]

1. Firmly established; not easily moved, shaken, or overthrown; fixed; as, a stable government.

In this region of chance, . . . where nothing is stable. Rogers.

2. Steady in purpose; constant; firm in resolution; not easily diverted from a purpose; not fickle or wavering; as, a man of stable character.

And to her husband ever meek and stable. Chaucer.

3. Durable; not subject to overthrow or change; firm; as, a stable foundation; a stable position.

Stable equibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a body so placed that if disturbed it returns to its former position, as in the case when the center of gravity is below the point or axis of support; -- opposed to unstable equilibrium, in which the body if disturbed does not tend to return to its former position, but to move farther away from it, as in the case of a body supported at a point below the center of gravity. Cf. Neutral equilibrium, under Neutral. Syn. -- Fixed; steady; constant; abiding; strong; durable; firm.

Stable

Sta"ble, v. t. To fix; to establish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stable

Sta"ble, n. [OF. estable, F. \'82table, from L. stabulum, fr. stare to stand. See Stand, v. i.] A house, shed, or building, for beasts to lodge and feed in; esp., a building or apartment with stalls, for horses; as, a horse stable; a cow stable. Milton. Stable fly (Zo\'94l.), a common dipterous fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) which is abundant about stables and often enters dwellings, especially in autumn. These files, unlike the common house files, which they resemble, bite severely, and are troublesome to horses and cattle.

Stable

Sta"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stabling (?).] To put or keep in a stable.

Stable

Sta"ble, v. i. To dwell or lodge in a stable; to dwell in an inclosed place; to kennel. Milton.

Stableboy, Stableman

Sta"ble*boy` (?), Sta"ble*man (?), n. A boy or man who attends in a stable; a groom; a hostler.

Stableness

Sta"ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being stable, or firmly established; stability.

Stabler

Sta"bler (?), n. A stable keeper. De Foe.

Stable stand

Sta"ble stand` (?). (O.Eng. Law) The position of a man who is found at his standing in the forest, with a crossbow or a longbow bent, ready to shoot at a deer, or close by a tree with greyhounds in a leash ready to slip; -- one of the four presumptions that a man intends stealing the king's deer. Wharton.

Stabling

Sta"bling (?), n.

1. The act or practice of keeping horses and cattle in a stable.

2. A building, shed, or room for horses and cattle.

Stablish

Stab"lish (?), v. t. [Aphetic form of establish.] To settle permanently in a state; to make firm; to establish; to fix. [Obs.] 2 Sam. vii. 13.

Stablishment

Stab"lish*ment (?), n. Establishment. [Obs.]

Stably

Sta"bly (?), adv. In a stable manner; firmly; fixedly; steadily; as, a government stably settled.

Stabulation

Stab`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. stabulatio, fr. stabulari to stable cattle, fr. stabulum. See Stable, n.]

1. The act of stabling or housing beasts.

2. A place for lodging beasts; a stable. [Obs.]

Staccato

Stac*ca"to (?), a. [It., p.p. of staccere, equivalent to distaccare. See Detach.]

1. (Mus.) Disconnected; separated; distinct; -- a direction to perform the notes of a passage in a short, distinct, and pointed manner. It is opposed to legato, and often indicated by heavy accents written over or under the notes, or by dots when the performance is to be less distinct and emphatic.

2. Expressed in a brief, pointed manner.

Staccato and peremptory [literary criticism]. G. Eliot.

Stack

Stack (?), a. [Icel. stakkr; akin to Sw. stack, Dan. stak. Sf. Stake.]

1. A large pile of hay, grain, straw, or the like, usually of a nearly conical form, but sometimes rectangular or oblong, contracted at the top to a point or ridge, and sometimes covered with thatch.

But corn was housed, and beans were in the stack. Cowper.

2. A pile of poles or wood, indefinite in quantity.

Against every pillar was a stack of billets above a man's height. Bacon.

3. A pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet. [Eng.]

4. (Arch.) (a) A number of flues embodied in one structure, rising above the roof. Hence: (b) Any single insulated and prominent structure, or upright pipe, which affords a conduit for smoke; as, the brick smokestack of a factory; the smokestack of a steam vessel. <-- (Computer programming) (a) A section of memory in a computer used for temporary storage of data, in which the last datum stored is the first retrieved. (b) A data structure within random-access memory used to simulate a hardware stack, as, a push-down stack. -->

Stack of arms (Mil.), a number of muskets or rifles set up together, with the bayonets crossing one another, forming a sort of conical self-supporting pile.

Stack

Stack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stacking.] [Cf. Sw. stacka, Dan. stakke. See Stack, n.] To lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile; as, to stack hay, cornstalks, or grain; to stack or place wood. To stack arms (Mil.), to set up a number of muskets or rifles together, with the bayonets crossing one another, and forming a sort of conical pile.
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Stackage

Stack"age (?), n.

1. Hay, gray, or the like, in stacks; things stacked. [R.]

2. A tax on things stacked. [R.] Holinshed.

Stacket

Stack"et (?), n. [Cf. F. estacade and E. stockade.] (Mil.) A stockade. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Stack-guard

Stack"-guard` (?), n. A covering or protection, as a canvas, for a stack.

Stacking

Stack"ing, a. & n. from Stack. Stacking band, Stacking belt, a band or rope used in binding thatch or straw upon a stack. -- Stacking stage, a stage used in building stacks.

Stackstand

Stack"stand` (?), n. A staging for supporting a stack of hay or grain; a rickstand.

Stackyard

Stack"yard` (?), n. A yard or inclosure for stacks of hay or grain. A. Smith.

Stacte

Stac"te (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. One of the sweet spices used by the ancient Jews in the preparation of incense. It was perhaps an oil or other form of myrrh or cinnamon, or a kind of storax. Ex. xxx. 34.

Staddle

Stad"dle (?), n. [AS. sta\'ebol, sra\'ebul, a foundation, firm seat; akin to E. stand. \'fb163. See Stand, v. i.] [Formerly written stadle.]

1. Anything which serves for support; a staff; a prop; a crutch; a cane.

His weak steps governing And aged limbs on cypress stadle stout. Spenser.

2. The frame of a stack of hay or grain. [Eng.]

3. A row of dried or drying hay, etc. [Eng.]

4. A small tree of any kind, especially a forest tree. &hand; In America, trees are called staddles from the time that they are three or four years old till they are six or eight inches in diameter, or more. This is also the sense in which the word is used by Bacon and Tusser.

Staddle

Stad"dle, v. t.

1. To leave the staddles, or saplings, of, as a wood when it is cut. [R.] Tusser.

2. To form into staddles, as hay. [Eng.]

Stade

Stade (?), n. [Cf. F. stade.] A stadium. Donne.

Stade

Stade, n. [Cf. G. gestade shore.] A landing place or wharf. Knight.

Stadimeter

Sta*dim"e*ter (?), n. [Stadium + -meter.] A horizontal graduated bar mounted on a staff, used as a stadium, or telemeter, for measuring distances.

Stadium

Sta"di*um (?), n.; pl. Stadia (#). [L., a stadium (in sense 1), from Gr.

1. A Greek measure of length, being the chief one used for itinerary distances, also adopted by the Romans for nautical and astronomical measurements. It was equal to 600 Greek or 625 Roman feet, or 125 Roman paces, or to 606 feet 9 inches English. This was also called the Olympic stadium, as being the exact length of the foot-race course at Olympia. Dr. W. Smith.

2. Hence, a race course; especially, the Olympic course for foot races.

3. A kind of telemeter for measuring the distance of an object of known dimensions, by observing the angle it subtends; especially (Surveying), a graduated rod used to measure the distance of the place where it stands from an instrument having a telescope, by observing the number of the graduations of the rod that are seen between certain parallel wires (stadia wires) in the field of view of the telescope; -- also called stadia, and stadia rod.

Stadtholder

Stadt"hold`er (?), n. [D. stadhouder; stad a city, a town + houder a holder.] Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of Holland; also, the governor or lieutenant governor of a province.

Stadtholderate, Stadtholdership

Stadt"hold`er*ate (?), Stadt"hold`er*ship (?), n. The office or position of a stadtholder.

Stafette

Sta*fette" (?), n. [Cf. G. stafette. See Estafet.] An estafet. [R.] arlyle.

Staff

Staff (?), n.; pl. Staves ( or Staffs (#) in senses 1-9, Staffs in senses 10, 11. [AS. st\'91f a staff; akin to LG. & D. staf, OFries stef, G. stab, Icel. stafr, Sw. staf, Dan. stav, Goth. stabs element, rudiment, Skr. sth\'bepay to cause to stand, to place. See Stand, and cf. Stab, Stave, n.]

1. A long piece of wood; a stick; the long handle of an instrument or weapon; a pole or srick, used for many purposes; as, a surveyor's staff; the staff of a spear or pike.

And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the altar to bear it withal. Ex. xxxviii. 7.
With forks and staves the felon to pursue. Dryden.

2. A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a person walking; hence, a support; that which props or upholds. "Hooked staves." Piers Plowman.

The boy was the very staff of my age. Shak.
He spoke of it [beer] in "The Earnest Cry," and likewise in the "Scotch Drink," as one of the staffs of life which had been struck from the poor man's hand. Prof. Wilson.

3. A pole, stick, or wand borne as an ensign of authority; a badge of office; as, a constable's staff.

Methought this staff, mine office badge in court, Was broke in twain. Shak.
All his officers brake their staves; but at their return new staves were delivered unto them. Hayward.

4. A pole upon which a flag is supported and displayed.

5. The round of a ladder. [R.]

I ascend at one [ladder] of six hundred and thirty-nine staves. Dr. J. Campbell (E. Brown's Travels).

6. A series of verses so disposed that, when it is concluded, the same order begins again; a stanza; a stave.

Cowley found out that no kind of staff is proper for an heroic poem, as being all too lyrical. Dryden.

7. (Mus.) The five lines and the spaces on which music is written; -- formerly called stave.

8. (Mech.) An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch.

9. (Surg.) The grooved director for the gorget, or knife, used in cutting for stone in the bladder.

10. [From Staff, 3, a badge of office.] (Mil.) An establishment of officers in various departments attached to an army, to a section of an army, or to the commander of an army. The general's staff consists of those officers about his person who are employed in carrying his commands into execution. See \'90tat Major.

11. Hence: A body of assistants serving to carry into effect the plans of a superintendant or manager; as, the staff of a newspaper.

Jacob's staff (Surv.), a single straight rod or staff, pointed and iron-shod at the bottom, for penetrating the ground, and having a socket joint at the top, used, instead of a tripod, for supporting a compass. -- Staff angle (Arch.), a square rod of wood standing flush with the wall on each of its sides, at the external angles of plastering, to prevent their being damaged. -- The staff of life, bread. "Bread is the staff of life." Swift. -- Staff tree (Bot.), any plant of the genus Celastrus, mostly climbing shrubs of the northern hemisphere. The American species (C. scandens) is commonly called bittersweet. See 2d Bittersweet, 3 (b). -- To set, ∨ To put, up, ∨ down, one's staff, to take up one's residence; to lodge. [Obs.]

Staffier

Staf"fi*er (?), n. An attendant bearing a staff. [Obs.] "Staffiers on foot." Hudibras.

Staffish

Staff"ish (?), a. Stiff; harsh. [Obs.] Ascham.

Staffman

Staff"man (?), n.; pl. Staffmen (. A workman employed in silk throwing.

Stag

Stag (?), n. [Icel. steggr the male of several animals; or a doubtful AS. stagga. Cf. Steg.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The adult male of the red deer (Cervus elaphus), a large European species closely related to the American elk, or wapiti. (b) The male of certain other species of large deer.

2. A colt, or filly; also, a romping girl. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A castrated bull; -- called also bull stag, and bull seg. See the Note under Ox.

4. (Stock Exchange) (a) An outside irregular dealer in stocks, who is not a member of the exchange. [Cant] (b) One who applies for the allotment of shares in new projects, with a view to sell immediately at a premium, and not to hold the stock. [Cant]

5. (Zo\'94l.) The European wren. [Prov. Eng.]

Stag beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Lucanus and allied genera, especially L. cervus of Europe and L. dama of the United States. The mandibles are large and branched, or forked, whence the name. The lava feeds on the rotten wood of dead trees. Called also horned bug, and horse beetle. -- Stag dance, a dance by men only. [slang, U.S.] -- Stag hog (Zo\'94l.), the babiroussa. -- Stag-horn coral (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large branching corals of the genus Madrepora, which somewhat resemble the antlers of the stag, especially Madrepora cervicornis, and M. palmata, of Florida and the West Indies. -- Stag-horn fern (Bot.), an Australian and West African fern (Platycerium alcicorne) having the large fronds branched like a stag's horns; also, any species of the same genus. -- Stag-horn sumac (Bot.), a common American shrub (Rhus typhina) having densely velvety branchlets. See Sumac. -- Stag party, a party consisting of men only. [Slang, U. S.] -- Stag tick (Zo\'94l.), a parasitic dipterous insect of the family Hippoboscid\'91, which lives upon the stag and in usually wingless. The same species lives also upon the European grouse, but in that case has wings.

Stag

Stag, v. i. (Com.) To act as a "stag", or irregular dealer in stocks. [Cant]

Stag

Stag, v. t. To watch; to dog, or keep track of. [Prov. Eng. or Slang] H. Kingsley.

Stage

Stage (?), n. [OF. estage, F. \'82tage, (assumed) LL. staticum, from L. stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Static.]

1. A floor or story of a house. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. An elevated platform on which an orator may speak, a play be performed, an exhibition be presented, or the like.

3. A floor elevated for the convenience of mechanical work, or the like; a scaffold; a staging.

4. A platform, often floating, serving as a kind of wharf.

5. The floor for scenic performances; hence, the theater; the playhouse; hence, also, the profession of representing dramatic compositions; the drama, as acted or exhibited. <-- stars of stage and screen -->

Knights, squires, and steeds, must enter on the stage. Pope.
Lo! Where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague.

6. A place where anything is publicly exhibited; the scene of any noted action or carrer; the spot where any remarkable affair occurs.

When we are born, we cry that we are come To this stage of fools. Shak.
Music and ethereal mirth Wherewith the stage of air and earth did ring. Miton.

7. The platform of a microscope, upon which an object is placed to be viewed. See Illust. of Microscope.

8. A place of rest on a regularly traveled road; a stage house; a station; a place appointed for a relay of horses.

9. A degree of advancement in a journey; one of several portions into which a road or course is marked off; the distance between two places of rest on a road; as, a stage of ten miles.

A stage . . . signifies a certain distance on a road. Jeffrey.
He traveled by gig, with his wife, his favorite horse performing the journey by easy stages. Smiles.

10. A degree of advancement in any pursuit, or of progress toward an end or result.

Such a polity is suited only to a particular stage in the progress of society. Macaulay.

11. A large vehicle running from station to station for the accomodation of the public; a stagecoach; an omnibus. "A parcel sent you by the stage." Cowper.

I went in the sixpenny stage. Swift.

12. (Biol.) One of several marked phases or periods in the development and growth of many animals and plants; as, the larval stage; pupa stage; z\'d2a stage.

Stage box, a box close to the stage in a theater. -- Stage carriage, a stagecoach. -- Stage door, the actor's and workmen's entrance to a theater. -- Stage lights, the lights by which the stage in a theater is illuminated. -- Stage micrometer, a graduated device applied to the stage of a microscope for measuring the size of an object. -- Stage wagon, a wagon which runs between two places for conveying passengers or goods. -- Stage whisper, a loud whisper, as by an actor in a theater, supposed, for dramatic effect, to be unheard by one or more of his fellow actors, yet audible to the audience; an aside. <-- stage of the game, [Colloq.] stage n. 10. -->

Stage

Stage (?), v. t. To exhibit upon a stage, or as upon a stage; to display publicly. Shak.

Stagecoach

Stage"coach` (?), n. A coach that runs regularly from one stage, station, or place to another, for the conveyance of passengers.

Stagecoachman

Stage"coach`man (?), n.; pl. Stagecoachmen (. One who drives a stagecoach.

Stagehouse

Stage"house` (?), n. A house where a stage regularly stops for passengers or a relay of horses.

Stagely

Stage"ly, a. Pertaining to a stage; becoming the theater; theatrical. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Stageplay

Stage"play` (?), n. A dramatic or theatrical entertainment. Dryden.

Stageplayer

Stage"play`er (?), n. An actor on the stage; one whose occupation is to represent characters on the stage; as, Garrick was a celebrated stageplayer.

Stager

Sta"ger (?), n.

1. A player. [R.] B. Jonson.

2. One who has long acted on the stage of life; a practitioner; a person of experience, or of skill derived from long experience. "You will find most of the old stagers still stationary there." Sir W. Scott.

3. A horse used in drawing a stage. [Colloq.]

Stagery

Sta"ger*y (?), n. Exhibition on the stage. [Obs.]

Stage-struck

Stage"-struck` (?), a. Fascinated by the stage; seized by a passionate desire to become an actor.

Stag-evil

Stag"-e`vil (?), n. (Far.) A kind of palsy affecting the jaw of a horse. Crabb.

Staggard

Stag"gard (?), n. [From Stag.] (Zo\'94l.) The male red deer when four years old.

Stagger

Stag"ger (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Staggered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Staggering.] [OE. stakeren, Icel. stakra to push, to stagger, fr. staka to punt, push, stagger; cf. OD. staggeren to stagger. Cf. Stake, n.]

1. To move to one side and the other, as if about to fall, in standing or walking; not to stand or walk with steadiness; to sway; to reel or totter.

Deep was the wound; he staggered with the blow. Dryden.

2. To cease to stand firm; to begin to give way; to fail. "The enemy staggers." Addison.

3. To begin to doubt and waver in purposes; to become less confident or determined; to hesitate.

He [Abraham] staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief. Rom. iv. 20.

Stagger

Stag"ger, v. t.

1. To cause to reel or totter.

That hand shall burn in never-quenching fire That staggers thus my person. Shak.

2. To cause to doubt and waver; to make to hesitate; to make less steady or confident; to shock.

Whosoever will read the story of this war will find himself much stagered. Howell.
Grants to the house of Russell were so enormous, as not only to outrage economy, but even to stagger credibility. Burke.

3. To arrange (a series of parts) on each side of a median line alternately, as the spokes of a wheel or the rivets of a boiler seam.

Stagger

Stag"ger, n.

1. An unsteady movement of the body in walking or standing, as if one were about to fall; a reeling motion; vertigo; -- often in the plural; as, the stagger of a drunken man.

2. pl. (Far.) A disease of horses and other animals, attended by reeling, unsteady gait or sudden falling; as, parasitic staggers; appopletic or sleepy staggers.

3. pl. Bewilderment; perplexity. [R.] Shak.

Stomach staggers (Far.), distention of the stomach with food or gas, resulting in indigestion, frequently in death.

Staggerbush

Stag"ger*bush` (?), n. (Bot.) An American shrub (Andromeda Mariana) having clusters of nodding white flowers. It grows in low, sandy places, and is said to poison lambs and calves. Gray.

Staggeringly

Stag"ger*ing*ly, adv. In a staggering manner.

Staggerwort

Stag"ger*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacob\'91a).

Stag-horn coral, Stag-horn fern

Stag"-horn` co"ral (?), Stag"-horn` fern` (?), etc.See under Stag.

Stag-horned

Stag"-horned` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the mandibles large and palmate, or branched somewhat like the antlers of a stag; -- said of certain beetles.

Staghound

Stag"hound` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large and powerful hound formerly used in hunting the stag, the wolf, and other large animals. The breed is nearly extinct.

Staging

Sta"ging (?), n. A structure of posts and boards for supporting workmen, etc., as in building.

2. The business of running stagecoaches; also, the act of journeying in stagecoaches.

Stagirite

Stag"i*rite (?), n. A native of, or resident in, Stagira, in ancient Macedonia; especially, Aristotle. [Written also Stagyrite.]

Stagnancy

Stag"nan*cy (?), n. State of being stagnant.

Stagnant

Stag"nant (?), a. [L. stagnans, -antis, p.pr. of stagnare. See Stagnate.]

1. That stagnates; not flowing; not running in a current or steam; motionless; hence, impure or foul from want of motion; as, a stagnant lake or pond; stagnant blood in the veins.

2. Not active or brisk; dull; as, business in stagnant.

That gloomy slumber of the stagnant soul. Johnson.
For him a stagnant life was not worth living. Palfrey.

Stagnantly

Stag"nant*ly, adv. In a stagnant manner.
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Stagnate

Stag"nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stagnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stagnating.] [L. stagnatus, p.p. of stagnare to stagnate, make stagnant, from stagnum a piece of standing water. See Stank a pool, and cf. Stanch, v. t.]

1. To cease to flow; to be motionless; as, blood stagnates in the veins of an animal; hence, to become impure or foul by want of motion; as, air stagnates in a close room.

2. To cease to be brisk or active; to become dull or inactive; as, commerce stagnates; business stagnates.

Ready-witted tenderness . . . never stagnates in vain lamentations while there is any room for hope. Sir W. Scott.

Stagnate

Stag"nate (?), a. Stagnant. [Obs.] "A stagnate mass of vapors." Young.

Stagnation

Stag*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. stagnation.]

1. The condition of being stagnant; cessation of flowing or circulation, as of a fluid; the state of being motionless; as, the stagnation of the blood; the stagnation of water or air; the stagnation of vapors.

2. The cessation of action, or of brisk action; the state of being dull; as, the stagnation of business.

Stagworm

Stag"worm (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larve of any species of botfly which is parasitic upon the stag, as , which burrows beneath the skin, and Cephalomyia auribarbis, which lives in the nostrils.

Stahlian

Stahl"ian (?), a. Pertaining to, or taught by, Stahl, a German physician and chemist of the 17th century; as, the Stahlian theory of phlogiston.

Stahlian

Stahl"ian, n. A believer in, or advocate of, Stahlism.

Stahlism, Stahlianism

Stahl"ism (?), Stahl"ian*ism (?), n. The Stahlian theoru, that every vital action is function or operation of the soul.

Stail

Stail (?), imp. & p. p. of Stay.

Staid

Staid, a. [From Stay to stop.] Sober; grave; steady; sedate; composed; regular; not wild, volatile, or fanciful. "Sober and staid persons." Addison.
O'erlaid with black, staid Wisdom's hue. Milton.
Syn. -- Sober; grave; steady; steadfast; composed; regular; sedate.

Staidly

Staid"ly, adv. In a staid manner, sedately.

Staidness

Staid"ness, n. The quality or state of being staid; seriousness; steadiness; sedateness; regularity; -- the opposite of wildness, or levity.
If sometimes he appears too gray, yet a secret gracefulness of youth accompanies his writings, though the staidness and sobriety of age wanting. Dryden.
Syn. -- Sobriety; gravity; steadiness; regularity; constancy; firmness; stability; sedateness.

Stail

Stail (?), n. A handle, as of a mop; a stale. [Eng.]

Stain

Stain (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Staining.] [Abbrev. fr. distain.]

1. To discolor by the application of foreign matter; to make foul; to spot; as, to stain the hand with dye; armor stained with blood.

2. To color, as wood, glass, paper, cloth, or the like, by processess affecting, chemically or otherwise, the material itself; to tinge with a color or colors combining with, or penetrating, the substance; to dye; as, to stain wood with acids, colored washes, paint rubbed in, etc.; to stain glass.

3. To spot with guilt or infamy; to bring reproach on; to blot; to soil; to tarnish.

Of honor void, Of innocence, of faith, of purity, Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained. Milton.

4. To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.

She stains the ripest virgins of her age. Beau. & Fl.
That did all other beasts in beauty stain. Spenser.
Stained glass, glass colored or stained by certain metallic pigments fused into its substance, -- often used for making ornament windows. Syn. -- To paint; dye; blot; soil; sully; discolor; disgrace; taint. -- Paint, Stain, Dye. These denote three different processes; the first mechanical, the other two, chiefly chemical. To paint a thing is so spread a coat of coloring matter over it; to stain or dye a thing is to impart color to its substance. To stain is said chiefly of solids, as wood, glass, paper; to dye, of fibrous substances, textile fabrics, etc.; the one, commonly, a simple process, as applying a wash; the other more complex, as fixing colors by mordants.

Stain

Stain, v. i. To give or receive a stain; to grow dim.

Stain

Stain, n.

1. A discoloration by foreign matter; a spot; as, a stain on a garment or cloth. Shak.

2. A natural spot of a color different from the gound.

Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains. Pope.

3. Taint of guilt; tarnish; disgrace; reproach.

Nor death itself can wholly wash their stains. Dryden.
Our opinion . . . is, I trust, without any blemish or stain of heresy. Hooker.

4. Cause of reproach; shame. Sir P. Sidney.

5. A tincture; a tinge. [R.]

You have some stain of soldier in you. Shak.
Syn. -- Blot; spot; taint; pollution; blemish; tarnish; color; disgrace; infamy; shame.

Stainer

Stain"er (?), n.

1. One who stains or tarnishes.

2. A workman who stains; as, a stainer of wood.

Stainless

Stain"less, a. Free from stain; immaculate. Shak.
The veery care he took to keep his name Stainless, with some was evidence of shame. Crabbe.
Syn. -- Blameless; spotless; faultless. See Blameless.

Stainlessly

Stain"less*ly, adv. In a stainless manner.

Stair

Stair (?), n. [OE. steir, steyer, AS. st, from to ascend, rise. &root;164. See Sty to ascend.]

1. One step of a series for ascending or descending to a different level; -- commonly applied to those within a building.

2. A series of steps, as for passing from one story of a house to another; -- commonly used in the plural; but originally used in the singular only. "I a winding stair found." Chaucer's Dream.

Below stairs, in the basement or lower part of a house, where the servants are. -- Flight of stairs, the stairs which make the whole ascent of a story. -- Pair of stairs, a set or flight of stairs. -- pair, in this phrase, having its old meaning of a set. See Pair, n., 1. -- Run of stars (Arch.), a single set of stairs, or section of a stairway, from one platform to the next. -- Stair rod, a rod, usually of metal, for holding a stair carpet to its place. -- Up stairs. See Upstairs in the Vocabulary.

Staircase

Stair"case` (?), n. A flight of stairs with their supporting framework, casing, balusters, etc.
To make a complete staircase is a curious piece of architecture. Sir H. Wotton.
Staircase shell. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any scalaria, or wentletrap. (b) Any species of Solarium, or perspective shell.

Stairhead

Stair"head` (?), n. The head or top of a staircase.

Stairway

Stair"way` (?), n. A flight of stairs or steps; a staircase. "A rude and narrow stairway." Moore.

Staith

Staith (?), n. [AS. st\'91 a bank, shore, from the root of E. stead.] A landing place; an elevated staging upon a wharf for discharging coal, etc., as from railway cars, into vessels.

Staithman

Staith"man (?), n. A man employed in weighing and shipping at a staith. [Eng.]

Stake

Stake (?), n. [AS. staca, from the root of E. stick; akin to OFries. & LG. stake, D. staak, Sw. stake, Dan. stage. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Estacade, Stockade.]

1. A piece of wood, usually long and slender, pointed at one end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a support or stay; as, a stake to support vines, fences, hedges, etc.

A sharpened stake strong Dryas found. Dryden.

2. A stick inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the side or end of a cart, a flat car, or the like, to prevent goods from falling off.

3. The piece of timber to which a martyr was affixed to be burned; hence, martyrdom by fire.

4. A small anvil usually furnished with a tang to enter a hole in a bench top, -- used by tinsmiths, blacksmiths, etc., for light work, punching upon, etc.

5. That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked or hazarded; a pledge.

At stake, in danger; hazarded; pledged. "I see my reputation is at stake." Shak.

Stake

Stake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Staked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Staking.]

1. To fasten, support, or defend with stakes; as, to stake vines or plants.

2. To mark the limits of by stakes; -- with out; as, to stake out land; to stake out a new road.

3. To put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a future contingency; to wager; to pledge.

I'll stake yon lamb, that near the fountain plays. Pope.

4. To pierce or wound with a stake. Spectator.

Stake-driver

Stake"-driv`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus); -- so called because one of its notes resembles the sound made in driving a stake into the mud. Called also meadow hen, and Indian hen.

Stakehead

Stake"head` (?), n. (Rope making) A horizontal bar on a stake, used for supporting the yarns which are kept apart by pins in the bar.

Stakeholder

Stake"hold`er (?), n. The holder of a stake; one with whom the bets are deposited when a wager is laid.

Staktometer

Stak*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A drop measurer; a glass tube tapering to a small orifice at the point, and having a bulb in the middle, used for finding the number of drops in equal quantities of different liquids. See Pipette. Sir D. Brewster.

Stal

Stal (?), obs. imp. of Steal. Stole.

Stalactic, Stalactical

Sta*lac"tic (?), Sta*lac"tic*al (?), a. (Geol.) Stalactic.

Stalactoform

Sta*lac"to*form (?), a. Like a stalactite; resembling a stalactite.

Stalactite

Sta*lac"tite (?), n.; pl. Stalactites (#). [Gr. stalactite.] (Geol.) (a) A pendent cone or cylinder of calcium carbonate resembling an icicle in form and mode of attachment. Stalactites are found depending from the roof or sides of caverns, and are produced by deposition from waters which have percolated through, and partially dissolved, the overlying limestone rocks. (b) In an extended sense, any mineral or rock of similar form and origin; as, a stalactite of lava.

Stalactites

Stal`ac*ti"tes (?), n. [NL.] A stalactite. [Obs.] Woodward.

Stalactitic, Stalactitical

Stal`ac*tit"ic (?), Stal`ac*tit"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. stalactitique.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to a stalactite; having the form or characters of a stalactite; stalactic.

Stalactitiform

Stal`ac*tit"i*form (?), a. Having the form of a stalactite; stalactiform.

Stalagmite

Sta*lag"mite (?), n. [Gr. stalagmite.] (Geol.) A deposit more or less resembling an inverted stalactite, formed by calcareous water dropping on the floors of caverns; hence, a similar deposit of other material.

Stalagmitic, Stalagmitical

Stal`ag*mit"ic (?), Stal`ag*mit"ic*al (?), a. Having the form or structure of stalagmites. -- Stal`ag*mit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Stalder

Stal"der (?), n. [From the root of stall.] A wooden frame to set casks on. [Prov. Eng.]

Stale

Stale (?), n. [OE. stale, stele, AS. st\'91l, stel; akin to LG. & D. steel, G. stiel; cf. L. stilus stake, stalk, stem, Gr. stall, stalk, n.] The stock or handle of anything; as, the stale of a rake. [Written also steal, stele, etc.]
But seeling the arrow's stale without, and that the head did go No further than it might be seen. Chapman.

Stale

Stale, a. [Akin to stale urine, and to stall, n.; probably from Low German or Scandinavian. Cf. Stale, v. i.]

1. Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit, and flavor, from being long kept; as, stale beer.

2. Not new; not freshly made; as, stele bread.

3. Having lost the life or graces of youth; worn out; decayed. "A stale virgin." Spectator.

4. Worn out by use or familiarity; having lost its novelty and power of pleasing; trite; common. Swift.

Wit itself, if stale is less pleasing. Grew.
How weary, stale flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Shak.
Stale affidavit (Law), an affidavit held above a year. Craig. -- Stale demand (Law), a claim or demand which has not been pressed or demanded for a long time.

Stale

Stale, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Staled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Staling.] To make vapid or tasteless; to destroy the life, beauty, or use of; to wear out.
Age can not wither her, nor custom stale Her infinite variety. Shak.

Stale

Stale, v. i. [Akin to D. & G. stallen, Dan. stalle, Sw. stalla, and E. stall a stable. Stall, n., and cf. Stale, a.] To make water; to discharge urine; -- said especially of horses and cattle. Hudibras.

Stale

Stale, n. [See Stale, a. & v. i.]

1. That which is stale or worn out by long keeping, or by use. [Obs.]

2. A prostitute. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Urine, esp. that of beasts. "Stale of horses." Shak.

Stale

Stale, n. [Cf. OF. estal place, position, abode, market, F. \'82tal a butcher's stall, OHG. stal station, place, stable, G. stall (see Stall, n.); or from OE. stale theft, AS. stalu (see Steal, v. t.)]

1. Something set, or offered to view, as an allurement to draw others to any place or purpose; a decoy; a stool pigeon. [Obs.]

Still, as he went, he crafty stales did lay. Spenser.

2. A stalking-horse. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Chess) A stalemate. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. A laughingstock; a dupe. [Obs.] Shak.

Stalely

Stale"ly, adv.

1. In a state stale manner.

2. Of old; long since. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Stalemate

Stale"mate` (?), n. (Chess) The position of the king when he can not move without being placed on check and there is no other piece which can be moved.

Stalemate

Stale"mate`, v. t. (Chess) To subject to a stalemate; hence, to bring to a stand.

Staleness

Stale"ness, n. The quality or state of being stale.

Stalk

Stalk (?), n. [OE. stalke, fr. AS. st\'91l, stel, a stalk. See Stale a handle, Stall.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The stem or main axis of a plant; as, a stalk of wheat, rye, or oats; the stalks of maize or hemp. (b) The petiole, pedicel, or peduncle, of a plant.

2. That which resembes the stalk of a plant, as the stem of a quill. Grew.

3. (Arch.) An ornament in the Corinthian capital resembling the stalk of a plant, from which the volutes and helices spring.

4. One of the two upright pieces of a ladder. [Obs.]

To climd by the rungs and the stalks. Chaucer.

5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A stem or peduncle, as of certain barnacles and crinoids. (b) The narrow basal portion of the abdomen of a hymenopterous insect. (c) The peduncle of the eyes of decapod crustaceans.

6. (Founding) An iron bar with projections inserted in a core to strengthen it; a core arbor.

Stalk borer (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a noctuid moth (Gortyna nitela), which bores in the stalks of the raspberry, strawberry, tomato, asters, and many other garden plants, often doing much injury.
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Stalk

Stalk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stalked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stalking.] [AS. st\'91lcan, stealcian to go slowly; cf. stels high, elevated, Dan. stalke to stalk; probably akin to 1st stalk.]

1. To walk slowly and cautiously; to walk in a stealthy, noiseless manner; -- sometimes used with a reflexive pronoun. Shak.

Into the chamber he stalked him full still. Chaucer.
[Bertran] stalks close behind her, like a witch's fiend, Pressing to be employed. Dryden.

2. To walk behind something as a screen, for the purpose of approaching game; to proceed under clover.

The king . . . crept under the shoulder of his led horse; . . . "I must stalk," said he. Bacon.
One underneath his horse, to get a shoot doth stalk. Drayton.

3. To walk with high and proud steps; usually implying the affectation of dignity, and indicating dislike. The word is used, however, especially by the poets, to express dignity of step.

With manly mien he stalked along the ground. Dryden.
Then stalking through the deep, He fords the ocean. Addison.
I forbear myself from entering the lists in which he has long stalked alone and unchallenged. Mericale.

Stalk

Stalk (?), v. t. To approach under cover of a screen, or by stealth, for the purpose of killing, as game.
As for shooting a man from behind a wall, it is cruelly like to stalking a deer. Sir W. Scott.

Stalk

Stalk, n. A high, proud, stately step or walk.
Thus twice before, . . . With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch. Shak.
The which with monstrous stalk behind him stepped. Spenser.

Stalked

Stalked (?), a. Having a stalk or stem; borne upon a stem. Stalked barnacle (Zo\'94l.), a goose barnacle, or anatifer; -- called also stalk barnacle. -- Stalked crinoid (Zo\'94l.), any crinoid having a jointed stem.

Stalker

Stalk"er (?), n.

1. One who stalks.

2. A kind of fishing net.

Stalk-eyed

Stalk"-eyed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the eyes raised on a stalk, or peduncle; -- opposed to sessile-eyed. Said especially of podophthalmous crustaceans. Stalked-eyed crustaceans. (Zo\'94l.) See Podophthalmia.

Stalking-horse

Stalk"ing-horse (?), n.

1. A horse, or a figure resembling a horse, behind which a hunter conceals himself from the game he is aiming to kill.

2. Fig.: Something used to cover up a secret project; a mask; a pretense.

Hypocrisy is the devil's stalking-horse under an affectation of simplicity and religion. L'Estrange.
How much more abominable is it to make of him [Christ] and religion a stalking-horse, to get and enjoy the world! Bunyan.

Stalkless

Stalk"less, a. Having no stalk.

Stalky

Stalk"y (?), a. Hard as a stalk; resembling a stalk.
At the top [it] bears a great stalky head. Mortimer.

Stall

Stall (?), n. [OE. stal, AS. steall, stall, a place, seat, or station, a stable; akin to D. & OHG. stal, G. & Sw. stall, stallr, Dan. stald, originally, a standing place; akin to G. selle a place, stellen to place, Gr. stand. Stand, and cf. Apostle, Epistle, Forestall, Install, Stale, a. & v. i., 1st Stalk, Stallion, Still.]

1. A stand; a station; a fixed spot; hence, the stand or place where a horse or an ox kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the compartment, for one horse, ox, or other animal. "In an oxes stall." Chaucer.

2. A stable; a place for cattle.

At last he found a stall where oxen stood. Dryden.

3. A small apartment or shed in which merchandise is exposed for sale; as, a butcher's stall; a bookstall.

4. A bench or table on which small articles of merchandise are exposed for sale.

How peddlers' stalls with glittering toys are laid. Gay.

5. A seat in the choir of a church, for one of the officiating clergy. It is inclosed, either wholly or partially, at the back and sides. The stalls are frequently very rich, with canopies and elaborate carving.

The dignifird clergy, out of humanility, have called their thrones by the names of stalls. Bp. Warburton.
Loud the monks in their stalls. Longfellow.

6. In the theater, a seat with arms or otherwise partly inclosed, as distinguished from the benches, sofas, etc.

7. (Mining) The space left by excavation between pillars. See Post and stall, under Post.

Stall reader, one who reads books at a stall where they are exposed for sale.
Cries the stall reader, "Bless us! what a word on
A titlepage is this!" Milton.

Stall

Stall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stalling.] [Cf. Sw. stalla, Dan. stalde.]

1. To put into a stall or stable; to keep in a stall or stalls; as, to stall an ox.

Where King Latinus then his oxen stalled.
Dryden.

2. To fatten; as, to stall cattle. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To place in an office with the customary formalities; to install. Shak.

4. To plunge into mire or snow so as not to be able to get on; to set; to fix; as, to stall a cart. Burton.

His horses had been stalled in the snow. E. E. Hale.

5. To forestall; to anticipitate. Having

This not to be stall'd by my report. Massinger.

6. To keep close; to keep secret. [Obs.]

Stall this in your bosom. Shak.

Stall

Stall, v. i. [AS. steallian to have room. See Stall, n.]

1. To live in, or as in, a stall; to dwell. [Obs.]

We could not stall together In the whole world. Shak.

2. To kennel, as dogs. Johnson.

3. To be set, as in mire or snow; to stick fast.

4. To be tired of eating, as cattle. [Prov. Eng.]

Stallage

Stall"age (?), n. [Cf. OF.estallange, of German origin. See Stall, n. ]

1. (Eng. Law) The right of erecting a stalls in fairs; rent paid for a stall.

2. Dung of cattle or horses, mixed with straw. [Obs.]

Stallation

Stal*la"tion (?), n. Installation. [Obs.]

Stalled

Stalled (?), a. Put or kept in a stall; hence, fatted. "A stalled ox." Prov. xv. 17.

Staller

Stall"er (?), n. A standard bearer. obtaining Fuller.

Stall-feed

Stall"-feed (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stall-fed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Stall-feeding.] To feed and fatten in a stall or on dry fodder; as, to stall-feed an ox.

Stalling

Stall"ing (?), n. Stabling. Tennyson.

Stallion

Stal"lion (?), n. [OE. stalon, OF. estalon, F. \'82talon, fr. OHG. stal a stable. See Stall, n.] A male horse not castrated; a male horse kept for breeding.

Stallman

Stall"man (?), n.; pl. Stallmen (. One who keeps a stall for the sale of merchandise, especially books. Sterne.

Stallon

Stal"lon (?), n. A slip from a plant; a scion; a cutting. [R.] Holished.

Stalwart, Stalworth

Stal"wart (?), Stal"worth (?), a. [OE. stalworth, AS. st\'91lwyr\'eb serviceable, probably originally, good at stealing, or worth stealing or taking, and afterwards extended to other causes of estimation. See Steal, v. t., Worth, a.] Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring; vehement; violent. "A stalwart tiller of the soil." Prof. Wilson.
Fair man be was and wise, stalworth and bold. R. of Brunne.
&hand; Stalworth is now disused, or bur little used, stalwart having taken its place.

Stalwartly

Stal"wart*ly (?), adv. In a stalwart manner.

Stalwartness

Stal"wart*ness, n. The quality of being stalwart.

Stalworthhood, Stalworthness

Stal"worth*hood (?), Stal"worth*ness (, n. The quality or state of being stalworth; stalwartness; boldness; daring. [Obs.]

Stamen

Sta"men (?), n.; pl. E. Stamens (#) (used only in the second sense); L. Stamina (#) (in the first sense). [L. stamen the warp, a thread, fiber, akin to Gr. stand. See Stand, and cf. Stamin, Stamina.]

1. A thread; especially, a warp thread.

2. (pl. Stamens, rarely Stamina.) (Bot.) The male organ of flowers for secreting and furnishing the pollen or fecundating dust. It consists of the anther and filament.

Stamened

Sta"mened (?), a. Furnished with stamens.

Stamin

Sta"min (?), n. [OF. estamine, F. \'82tamine, LL. staminea, stamineum, fr. L. stamineus consisting of threads, fr. stamen a thread. See Stamen, and cf. Stamineous, 2d Stammel, Tamine.] A kind of woolen cloth. [Written also stamine.] [Obs.]

Stamina

Stam"i*na (?), n. pl. See Stamen.

Stamina

Stam"i*na, n. pl.

1. The fixed, firm part of a body, which supports it or gives it strength and solidity; as, the bones are the stamina of animal bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the stamina which constitute their strength.

2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength or support of anything; power of endurance; backbone; vigor; as, the stamina of a constitution or of life; the stamina of a State.

He succeeded to great captains who had sapped the whole stamina and resistance of the contest. De Quincey.

Staminal

Stam"i*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. staminal.] Of or pertaining to stamens or stamina; consisting in stamens.

Staminate

Stam"i*nate (?), a. [L. staminatus consisting of threads, fr. stamen thread: cf. F. stamin\'82.] (Bot.) (a) Furnished with stamens; producing stamens. (b) Having stamens, but lacking pistils.

Staminate

Stam"i*nate (?), v. t. To indue with stamina. [R.]

Stamineal, Stamineous

Sta*min"e*al (?), Sta*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. stamineus, from stamen thread.]

1. Consisting of stamens or threads.

2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the stamens; possessing stamens; also, attached to the stamens; as, a stamineous nectary.

Staminiferous

Stam`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Stamen + -ferous.] Bearing or having stamens.

Staminode

Stam"i*node (?), n. (Bot.) A staminodium.

Staminodium

Stam`i*no"di*um (?), n.; pl. Staminodia (#). [NL. See Stamen, and -oid.] (Bot.) An abortive stamen, or any organ modified from an abortive stamen.

Stammel

Stam"mel (?), n. A large, clumsy horse. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Stammel

Stam"mel, n. [OF. estamel; cf. OF. estamet a coarse woolen cloth, LL. stameta a kind of cloth, the same as staminea, and OF. estame a woolen stuff. See Stamin.]

1. A kind of woolen cloth formerly in use. It seems to have been often of a red color. [Obs.]

2. A red dye, used in England in the 15th and 16th centuries. B. Jonson.

Stammel

Stam"mel, a. Of the color of stammel; having a red color, thought inferior to scarlet.

Stammer

Stam"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stammered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stammering.] [OE. stameren, fr. AS. stamur, stamer, stammering; akin to D. & LG. stameren to stammer, G. stammeln, OHG. stammal, stamm, Dan. stamme, Sw. stamma, Icel. stama, stamma, OHG. & Dan. stam stammering, Icel. stamr, Goth. stamms, and to G. stemmen to bear against, stumm dumb, D. stom. Cf. Stem to resist, Stumble.] To make involuntary stops in uttering syllables or words; to hesitate or falter in speaking; to speak with stops and diffivulty; to stutter.
I would thou couldst stammer, that thou mightest pour this conclead man out of thy mouth, as wine comes out of a narrow-mouthed bottle, either too much at once, or none at all. Shak.

Stammer

Stam"mer (?), v. t. To utter or pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly; -- sometimes with out.

Stammer

Stam"mer, n. Defective utterance, or involuntary interruption of utterance; a stutter.

Stammerer

Stam"mer*er (?), n. One who stammers.

Stammering

Stam"mer*ing, a. Apt to stammer; hesitating in speech; stuttering. -- Stam"mer*ing*ly, adv.

Stammering

Stam"mer*ing, n. (Physiol.) A disturbance in the formation of sounds. It is due essentially to long-continued spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, by which expiration is preented, and hence it may be considered as a spasmodic inspiration.

Stamp

Stamp (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stamped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stamping.] [OE. stampen; akin to LG. & D. stampen, G. stampfen, OHG. stanpf, Dan. stampe, Sw. stampa, Icel. stappa, G. stampf a pestle and E. step. See Step, v. i., and cf. Stampede.]

1. To strike beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downward. Shak.

He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.

2. To bring down (the foot) forcibly on the ground or floor; as, he stamped his foot with rage.

3. To crush; to pulverize; specifically (Metal.), to crush by the blow of a heavy stamp, as ore in a mill.

I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire, and stamped it, and ground it very small. Deut. ix. 21.

4. To impress with some mark or figure; as, to stamp a plate with arms or initials.

5. Fig.: To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply; as, to stamp virtuous principles on the heart.

God . . . has stamped no original characters on our minds wherein we may read his being. Locke.

6. To cut out, bend, or indent, as paper, sheet metal, etc., into various forms, by a blow or suddenly applied pressure with a stamp or die, etc.; to mint; to coin.

7. To put a stamp on, as for postage; as, to stamp a letter; to stamp a legal document.

To stamp out, to put an end to by sudden and energetic action; to extinguish; as, to stamp out a rebellion.

Stamp

Stamp, v. i.

1. To strike; to beat; to crush.

These cooks how they stamp and strain and grind. Chaucer.

2. To strike the foot forcibly downward.

But starts, exclaims, and stamps, and raves, and dies. dennis.

Stamp

Stamp, n.

1. The act of stamping, as with the foot.

2. The which stamps; any instrument for making impressions on other bodies, as a die.

'T is gold so pure It can not bear the stamp without alloy. Dryden.

3. The mark made by stamping; a mark imprinted; an impression.

That sacred name gives ornament and grace, And, like his stamp, makes basest metals pass. Dryden.

4. that which is marked; a thing stamped.

hanging a golden stamp about their necks. Shak.

5. [F. estampe, of german origin. See Stamp, v. t.] A picture cut in wood or metal, or made by impression; a cut; a plate. [Obs.]

At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the several edifices which are most famous for their beauty and magnificence. Addison.

6. An offical mark set upon things chargeable with a duty or tax to government, as evidence that the duty or tax is paid; as, the stamp on a bill of exchange.

7. Hence, a stamped or printed device, issued by the government at a fixed price, and required by law to be affixed to, or stamped on, certain papers, as evidence that the government dues are paid; as, a postage stamp; a receipt stamp, etc.

8. An instrument for cutting out, or shaping, materials, as paper, leather, etc., by a downward pressure.

9. A character or reputation, good or bad, fixed on anything as if by an imprinted mark; current value; authority; as, these persons have the stamp of dishonesty; the Scriptures bear the stamp of a divine origin.

Of the same stamp is that which is obtruded on us, that an adamant suspends the attraction of the loadstone. Sir T. Browne.

10. Make; cast; form; character; as, a man of the same stamp, or of a different stamp.

A soldier of this season's stamp. Shak.

11. A kind of heavy hammer, or pestle, raised by water or steam power, for beating ores to powder; anything like a pestle, used for pounding or bathing.

12. A half-penny. [Obs.] au. & Fl.

13. pl. Money, esp. paper money. [Slang, U.S.]

Stamp act, an act of the British Parliament [1765] imposing a duty on all paper, vellum, and parchment used in the American colonies, and declaring all writings on unstamped materials to be null an void. -- Stamp collector, an officer who receives or collects stamp duties; one who collects postage or other stamps. -- Stamp duty, a duty, or tax, imposed on paper and parchment used for certain writings, as deeds, conveyances, etc., the evidence of the payment of the duty or tax being a stamp. [Eng.] -- Stamp hammer, a hammer, worked by power, which rises and falls vertically, like a stamp in a stamp mill. -- Stamp head, a heavy mass of metal, forming the head or lower end of a bar, which is lifted and let fall, in a stamp mill. -- Stamp mill (Mining), a mill in which ore is crushed with stamps; also, a machine for stamping ore. -- Stamp note, a stamped certificate from a customhouse officer, which allows goods to be received by the captain of a ship as freight. [Eng.] -- Stamp office, an office for the issue of stamps and the reception of stamp duties.

Stampede

Stam*pede" (?), n. [Sp. estampida (in America) a stampede, estampido a crackling, akin to estampar to stamp, of German origin. See Stamp, v. t.] A wild, headlong scamper, or running away, of a number of animals; usually caused by fright; hence, any sudden flight or dispersion, as of a crowd or an army in consequence of a panic.
She and her husband would join in the general stampede. W. Black.
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Stampede

Stam*pede" (?), v. i. To run away in a panic; -- said droves of cattle, horses, etc., also of armies.

Stampede

Stam*pede", v. t. To disperse by causing sudden fright, as a herd or drove of animals.

Stamper

Stamp"er (?), n.

1. One who stamps.

2. An instrument for pounding or stamping.

Stamping

Stamp"ing, a. & n. from Stamp, v. Stamping ground, a place frequented, and much trodden, by animals, wild or domesticated; hence (Colloq.), the scene of one's labors or exploits; also, one's favorite resort. [U.S.] -- Stamping machine, a machine for forming metallic articles or impressions by stamping. -- Stamping mill (Mining), a stamp mill.

Stance

Stance (?), n. [OF. estance. See Stanza.]

1. A stanza. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. A station; a position; a site. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Stanch

Stanch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stanched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stanching.] [OF. estanchier, F. \'82tancher to stpo a liquid from flowing; akin to Pr., Sp., & Pg. estancar, It. stancare to weary, LL. stancare, stagnare, to stanch, fr. L. stagnare to be or make stagnant. See Stagnate.]

1. To stop the flowing of, as blood; to check; also, to stop the flowing of blood from; as, to stanch a wound. [Written also staunch.]

Iron or a stone laid to the neck doth stanch the bleeding of the nose. Bacon.

2. To extinguish; to quench, as fire or thirst. [Obs.]

Stanch

Stanch, v. i. To cease, as the flowing of blood.
Immediately her issue of blood stanched. Luke viii. 44.

Stanch

Stanch, n.

1. That which stanches or checks. [Obs.]

2. A flood gate by which water is accumulated, for floating a boat over a shallow part of a stream by its release. Knight.

Stanch

Stanch, a. [Compar. Stancher (?); superl. Stanchest.] [From Stanch, v. t., and hence literally signifying, stopped or stayed; cf. Sp. estanco stopped, tight, not leaky, as a ship. See Stanch, v. t.] [Written also staunch.]

1. Strong and tight; sound; firm; as, a stanch ship.

One of the closets is parqueted with plain deal, set in diamond, exceeding stanch and pretty. Evelyn.

2. Firm in principle; constant and zealous; loyal; hearty; steady; steadfast; as, a stanch churchman; a stanch friend or adherent. V. Knox.

In politics I hear you 're stanch. Prior.

3. Close; secret; private. [Obs.]

This to be kept stanch. Locke.

Stanch

Stanch, v. t. To prop; to make stanch, or strong.
His gathered sticks to stanch the wall Of the snow tower when snow should fall. Emerson.

Stanchel

Stan"chel (?), n. A stanchion.

Stancher

Stanch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, stanches, or stops, the flowing, as of blood.

Stanchion

Stan"chion (?), n. [OF. estanson, estan\'87on, F. \'82tan\'87on, from OF. estance a stay, a prop, from L. stans, stantis, standing, p.pr. of stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Stanza.] [Written also stanchel.]

1. (Arch.) A prop or support; a piece of timber in the form of a stake or post, used for a support or stay.

2. (Naut.) Any upright post or beam used as a support, as for the deck, the quarter rails, awnings, etc.

3. A vertical bar for confining cattle in a stall.

Stanchless

Stanch"less (?), a.

1. Incapable of being stanched, or stopped.

2. Unquenchable; insatiable. [Obs.] Shak.

Stanchly

Stanch"ly, adv. In a stanch manner.

Stanchness

Stanch"ness, n. The quality or state of being stanch.

Stand

Stand (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stood (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Standing.] [OE. standen; AS. standan; akin to OFries. stonda, st\'ben, D. staan, OS. standan, st\'ben, G. stehen, Icel. standa, Dan. staae, Sw. st\'86, Goth. standan, Russ. stoiate, L. stare, Gr. sth\'be. \'fb163. Cf. Assist, Constant, Contrast, Desist, Destine, Ecstasy, Exist, Interstice, Obstacle, Obstinate, Prest, n., Rest remainder, Soltice, Stable, a. & n., State, n., Statute, Stead, Steed, Stool, Stud of horses, Substance, System.]

1. To be at rest in an erect position; to be fixed in an upright or firm position; as: (a) To be supported on the feet, in an erect or nearly erect position; -- opposed to lie, sit, kneel, etc. "I pray you all, stand up!" Shak. (b) To continue upright in a certain locality, as a tree fixed by the roots, or a building resting on its foundation.

It stands as it were to the ground yglued. Chaucer.
The ruined wall Stands when its wind worn battlements are gone. Byron.

2. To occupy or hold a place; to have a situation; to be situated or located; as, Paris stands on the Seine.

Wite ye not where there stands a little town? Chaucer.

3. To cease from progress; not to proceed; to stop; to pause; to halt; to remain stationary.

I charge thee, stand, And tell thy name. Dryden.
The star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young child was. Matt. ii. 9.

4. To remain without ruin or injury; to hold good against tendencies to impair or injure; to be permanent; to endure; to last; hence, to find endurance, strength, or resources.

My mind on its own center stands unmoved. Dryden.

5. To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe.

Readers by whose judgment I would stand or fall. Spectator.

6. To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or opposition. "The standing pattern of their imitation." South.

The king granted the Jews . . . to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life. Esther viii. 11.

7. To adhere to fixed principles; to maintain moral rectitude; to keep from falling into error or vice.

We must labor so as to stand with godliness, according to his appointment. Latimer.

8. To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a particular relation; as, Christian charity, or love, stands first in the rank of gifts.

9. To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist. "Sacrifices . . . which stood only in meats and drinks." Heb. ix. 10.

Accomplish what your signs foreshow; I stand resigned, and am prepared to go. Dryden.
Thou seest how it stands with me, and that I may not tarry. Sir W. Scott.

10. To be consistent; to agree; to accord.

Doubt me not; by heaven, I will do nothing But what may stand with honor. Massinger.

11. (Naut.) To hold a course at sea; as, to stand from the shore; to stand for the harbor.

From the same parts of heaven his navy stands. Dryden.

12. To offer one's self, or to be offered, as a candidate.

He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university. Walton.

13. To stagnate; not to flow; to be motionless.

Or the black water of Pomptina stands. Dryden.

14. To measure when erect on the feet.

Six feet two, as I think, he stands. Tennyson.

15. (Law) (a) To be or remain as it is; to continue in force; to have efficacy or validity; to abide. Bouvier. (b) To appear in court. Burrill.

Stand by (Naut.), a preparatory order, equivalent to Be ready. -- To stand against, to opposite; to resist. -- To stand by. (a) To be near; to be a spectator; to be present. (b) To be aside; to be aside with disregard. "In the interim [we] let the commands stand by neglected." Dr. H. More. (c) To maintain; to defend; to support; not to desert; as, to stand by one's principles or party. (d) To rest on for support; to be supported by. Whitgift. -- To stand corrected, to be set right, as after an error in a statement of fact. Wycherley. -- To stand fast, to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable. -- To stand firmly on, to be satisfied or convinced of. "Though Page be a secure fool, and stands so firmly on his wife's frailty." Shak. -- To stand for. (a) To side with; to espouse the cause of; to support; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain; to defend. "I stand wholly for you." Shak. (b) To be in the place of; to be the substitute or to represent; as, a cipher at the left hand of a figure stands for nothing. "I will not trouble myself, whether these names stand for the same thing, or really include one another." Locke. -- To stand in, to cost. "The same standeth them in much less cost." Robynson (More's Utopia).
The Punic wars could not have stood the human race in less than three millions of the species. Burke.
-- To stand in hand, to conduce to one's interest; to be serviceable or advantageous. -- To stand off. (a) To keep at a distance. (b) Not to comply. (c) To keep at a distance in friendship, social intercourse, or acquaintance. (d) To appear prominent; to have relief. "Picture is best when it standeth off, as if it were carved." Sir H. Wotton. -- To stand off and on (Naut.), to remain near a coast by sailing toward land and then from it. -- To stand on (Naut.), to continue on the same tack or course. -- To stand out. (a) To project; to be prominent. "Their eyes stand out with fatness." Psalm lxxiii. 7. (b) To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield or comply; not to give way or recede.
His spirit is come in, That so stood out against the holy church. Shak.
-- To stand to. (a) To ply; to urge; to persevere in using. "Stand to your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars." Dryden. (b) To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion. "I will stand to it, that this is his sense." Bp. Stillingfleet. (c) To abide by; to adhere to; as to a contrast, assertion, promise, etc.; as, to stand to an award; to stand to one's word. (d) Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain, as one's ground. "Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether they stood to it or ran away." Bacon. (e) To be consistent with; to agree with; as, it stands to reason that he could not have done so. (f) To support; to uphold. "Stand to me in this cause." Shak. -- To stand together, to be consistent; to agree. -- To stand to sea (Naut.), to direct the course from land. -- To stand under, to undergo; to withstand. Shak. -- To stand up. (a) To rise from sitting; to be on the feet. (b) To arise in order to speak or act. "Against whom, when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed." Acts xxv. 18. (c) To rise and stand on end, as the hair. (d) To put one's self in opposition; to contend. "Once we stood up about the corn." Shak. -- To stand up for, to defend; to justify; to support, or attempt to support; as, to stand up for the administration. -- To stand upon. (a) To concern; to interest. (b) To value; to esteem. "We highly esteem and stand much upon our birth." Ray. (c) To insist on; to attach much importance to; as, to stand upon security; to stand upon ceremony. (d) To attack; to assault. [A Hebraism] "So I stood upon him, and slew him." 2 Sam. i. 10. -- To stand with, to be consistent with. "It stands with reason that they should be rewarded liberally." Sir J. Davies. <-- usu. stand to reason. -->

Stand

Stand (?), v. t.

1. To endure; to sustain; to bear; as, I can not stand the cold or the heat.

2. To resist, without yielding or receding; to withstand. "Love stood the siege." Dryden.

He stood the furious foe. Pope.

3. To abide by; to submit to; to suffer.

Bid him disband his legions, . . . And stand the judgment of a Roman senate. Addison.

4. To set upright; to cause to stand; as, to stand a book on the shelf; to stand a man on his feet.

5. To be at the expense of; to pay for; as, to stand a treat. [Colloq.] Tackeray.

To stand fire, to receive the fire of arms from an enemy without giving way. -- To stand one's ground, to keep the ground or station one has taken; to maintain one's position. "Pleasants and burghers, however brave, are unable to stand their ground against veteran soldiers." Macaulay. -- To stand trial, to sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.

Stand

Stand (?), n. [As. stand. See Stand, v. i.]

1. The act of standing.

I took my stand upon an eminence . . . to look into thier several ladings. Spectator.

2. A halt or stop for the purpose of defense, resistance, or opposition; as, to come to, or to make, a stand.

Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow. Dryden.

3. A place or post where one stands; a place where one may stand while observing or waiting for something.

I have found you out a stand most fit, Where you may have such vantage on the duke, He shall not pass you. Shak.

4. A station in a city or town where carriages or wagons stand for hire; as, a cab stand. Dickens.

5. A raised platform or station where a race or other outdoor spectacle may be viewed; as, the judge's or the grand stand at a race course.

6. A small table; also, something on or in which anything may be laid, hung, or placed upright; as, a hat stand; an umbrella stand; a music stand.

7. A place where a witness stands to testify in court.

8. The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.; as, a good, bad, or convenient stand for business. [U. S.]

9. Rank; post; station; standing.

Father, since your fortune did attain So high a stand, I mean not to descend. Daniel.

10. A state of perplexity or embarrassment; as, to be at a stand what to do. L'Estrange.

11. A young tree, usually reserved when other trees are cut; also, a tree growing or standing upon its own root, in distinction from one produced from a scion set in a stock, either of the same or another kind of tree.

12. (Com.) A weight of from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds, -- used in weighing pitch.

Microscope stand, the instrument, excepting the eyepiece, objective, and other removable optical parts. -- Stand of ammunition, the projectile, cartridge, and sabot connected together. -- Stand of arms. (Mil.) See under Arms. -- Stand of colors (Mil.), a single color, or flag. Wilhelm (Mil. Dict.) -- To be at a stand, to be stationary or motionless; to be at a standstill; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed. -- To make a stand, to halt for the purpose of offering resistance to a pursuing enemy. Syn. -- Stop; halt; rest; interruption; obstruction; perplexity; difficulty; embarrassment; hesitation.

Standage

Stand"age (?), n. (Mining) A reservior in which water accumulates at the bottom of a mine.

Standard

Stand"ard (?), n. [OF. estendart, F. \'82tendard, probably fr. L. extendere to spread out, extend, but influenced by E. stand. See Extend.]

1. A flag; colors; a banner; especially, a national or other ensign.

His armies, in the following day, On those fair plains their standards proud display. Fairfax.

2. That which is established by authority as a rule for the measure of quantity, extent, value, or quality; esp., the original specimen weight or measure sanctioned by government, as the standard pound, gallon, or yard.

3. That which is established as a rule or model by authority, custom, or general consent; criterion; test.

The court, which used to be the standard of property and correctness of speech. Swift.
A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken together, would be my standard of a statesman. Burke.

4. (Coinage) The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established by authority.

By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver. Arbuthnot.

5. (Hort.) A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.

In France part of their gardens is laid out for flowers, others for fruits; some standards, some against walls. Sir W. Temple.

6. (Bot.) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla.

7. (Mech. & Carp.) An upright support, as one of the poles of a scaffold; any upright in framing.

8. (Shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.

9. The sheth of a plow.

10. A large drinking cup. Greene.

Standard bearer, an officer of an army, company, or troop, who bears a standard; -- commonly called color sergeantor color bearer; hence, the leader of any organization; as, the standard bearer of a political party.

Standard

Stand"ard, a.

1. Being, affording, or according with, a standard for comparison and judgment; as, standard time; standard weights and measures; a standard authority as to nautical terms; standard gold or silver.

2. Hence: Having a recognized and permanent value; as, standard works in history; standard authors.

3. (Hort.) (a) Not supported by, or fastened to, a wall; as, standard fruit trees. (b) Not of the dwarf kind; as, a standard pear tree.

Standard candle, Standard gauge. See under Candle, and Gauge. -- Standard solution. (Chem.) See Standardized solution, under Solution.

Standard-bred

Stand"ard-bred`, a. Bred in conformity to a standard. Specif., applied to a registered trotting horse which comes up to the standard adopted by the National Association of Trotting-horse Breeders. [U. S.]

Standardize

Stand"ard*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To reduce to a normal standard; to calculate or adjust the strength of, by means of, and for uses in, analysis.

Standard-wing

Stand"ard-wing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curious paradise bird (Semioptera Wallacii) which has two long special feathers standing erect on each wing.
Page 1403

Stand-by

Stand"-by` (?), n. One who, or that which, stands by one in need; something upon which one relies for constant use or in an emergency.

Standel

Stand"el (?), n. A young tree, especially one reserved when others are cut. [Obs.] Fuller.

Stander

Stand"er (?), n.

1. One who stands.

2. Same as Standel. [Obs.] Ascham.

Stander-by

Stand"er-by` (?), n. One who stands near; one who is present; a bystander.

Standergrass

Stand"er*grass` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Orchis mascula); -- called also standerwort, and long purple. See Long purple, under Long.

Standgale

Stand"gale` (?), n. See Stannel. [Prov. Eng.]

Standing

Stand"ing, a.

1. Remaining erect; not cut down; as, standing corn.

2. Not flowing; stagnant; as, standing water.

3. Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; lasting; as, a standing color.

4. Established by law, custom, or the like; settled; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as, a standing army; legislative bodies have standing rules of proceeding and standing committees.

5. Not movable; fixed; as, a standing bed (distinguished from a trundle-bed).

Standing army. See Standing army, under Army. -- Standing bolt. See Stud bolt, under Stud, a stem. -- Standing committee, in legislative bodies, etc., a committee appointed for the consideration of all subjects of a particular class which shall arise during the session or a stated period. -- Standing cup, a tall goblet, with a foot and a cover. -- Standing finish (Arch.), that part of the interior fittings, esp. of a dwelling house, which is permanent and fixed in its place, as distinguished from doors, sashes, etc. -- Standing order (Eccl.), the denomination (Congregiational) established by law; -- a term formerly used in Connecticut. See also under Order.<-- also, (Com.) an order for goods which are to be delivered periodically, without the need for renewal. --> -- Standing part. (Naut.) (a) That part of a tackle which is made fast to a block, point, or other object. (b) That part of a rope around which turns are taken with the running part in making a knot of the like. -- Standing rigging (Naut.), the cordage or rope which sustain the masts and remain fixed in their position, as the shrouds and stays, -- distinguished from running rigging.

Standing

Stand"ing, n.

1. The act of stopping, or coming to a stand; the state of being erect upon the feet; stand.

2. Maintenance of position; duration; duration or existence in the same place or condition; continuance; as, a custom of long standing; an officer of long standing.

An ancient thing of long standing. Bunyan.

3. Place to stand in; station; stand.

I will provide you a good standing to see his entry. Bacon.
I think in deep mire, where there is no standing. Ps. lxix. 2.

4. Condition in society; relative position; reputation; rank; as, a man of good standing, or of high standing.

Standing off (Naut.), sailing from the land. -- Standing on (Naut.), sailing toward land.

Standish

Stand"ish, n. [Stand + dish.] A stand, or case, for pen and ink.
I bequeath to Dean Swift, Esq., my large silver standish. Swift.

Standpipe

Stand"pipe` (?), n.

1. (Engin.) A vertical pipe, open at the top, between a hydrant and a reservoir, to equalize the flow of water; also, a large vertical pipe, near a pumping engine, into which water is forced up, so as to give it sufficient head to rise to the required level at a distance.

2. (Steam Boiler) A supply pipe of sufficient elevation to enable the water to flow into the boiler, notwithstanding the pressure of the steam. Knight.

Standpoint

Stand"point` (?), n. [Cf. G. standpunkt.] A fixed point or station; a basis or fundamental principle; a position from which objects or principles are viewed, and according to which they are compared and judged.

Standstill

Stand"still` (?), n. A standing without moving forward or backward; a stop; a state or rest.

Stane

Stane (?), n. A stone. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

Stang

Stang (?), imp. of Sting. [Archaic]

Stang

Stang, n. [OE. stange, of Scand. or Dutch origin; cf. Icel. st\'94ng, akin to Dan. stang, Sw. st\'86ng, D. stang, G. stange, OHG. stanga, AS. steng; from the root of E. sting.]

1. A long bar; a pole; a shaft; a stake.

2. In land measure, a pole, rod, or perch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Swift.

Stang ball, a projectile consisting of two half balls united by a bar; a bar shot. See Illust. of Bar shot, under Bar. -- To ride the stang, to be carried on a pole on men's shoulders. This method of punishing wife beaters, etc., was once in vogue in some parts of England.

Stang

Stang, v. i. [Akin to sting; cf. Icel. stanga to prick, to goad.] To shoot with pain. [Prov. Eng.]

Stanhope

Stan"hope (?), n. A light two-wheeled, or sometimes four-wheeled, carriage, without a top; -- so called from Lord Stanhope, for whom it was contrived.

Staniel

Stan"iel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Stannel.

Stanielry

Stan"iel*ry (?), n. Hawking with staniels, -- a base kind of falconry. [Obs.]

Stank

Stank (?), a. [OF. estanc, or It. stanco. See Stanch, a.] Weak; worn out. [Obs.] Spenser.

Stank

Stank, v. i. [Cf. Sw. st\'86nka to pant. \'fb165.] To sigh. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Stank

Stank, imp. of Stink. Stunk.

Stank

Stank, n. [OF. estang, F. \'82tang, from L. stagnum a pool. Cf. Stagnate, Tank a cistern.]

1. Water retained by an embankment; a pool water. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Robert of Brunne.

2. A dam or mound to stop water. [Prov. Eng.]

Stank hen (Zo\'94l.), the moor hen; -- called also stankie. [Prov. Eng.]

Stannary

Stan"na*ry (?), a. [L. stannum tin, an alloy of silver and lead.] Of or pertaining to tin mines, or tin works.
The stannary courts of Devonshire and Cornwall, for the administration of justice among the tinners therein, are also courts of record. Blackstone.

Stannary

Stan"na*ry, n.; pl. Stannaries (#). [LL. stannaria.] A tin mine; tin works. Bp. Hall.

Stannate

Stan"nate (?), n. [Cf. F. stannate.] (Chem.) A salt of stannic acid.

Stannel

Stan"nel (?), n. [AS. st\'bengella, stangilla; properly, stone yeller, i.e., a bird that yells from the rocks. See Stone, and Yell, and cf. Stonegall.] (Zo\'94l.) The kestrel; -- called also standgale, standgall, stanchel, stand hawk, stannel hawk, steingale, stonegall. [Written also staniel, stannyel, and stanyel.]
With what wing the staniel checks at it. Shak.

Stannic

Stan"nic (?), a. [L. stannum tin: cf. F. stannique.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tin; derived from or containing tin; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with stannous compounds. Stannic acid. (a) A hypothetical substance, Sn(OH)4, analogous to silic acid, and called also normal stannic acid. (b) Metastannic acid. -- Stannic chloride, a thin, colorless, fuming liquid, SnCl4, used as a mordant in calico printing and dyeing; -- formerly called spirit of tin, or fuming liquor of Libavius. -- Stannic oxide, tin oxide, SnO2, produced artificially as a white amorphous powder, and occurring naturally in the mineral cassiterite. It is used in the manufacture of white enamels, and, under the name of putty powder, for polishing glass, etc.

Stanniferous

Stan*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. stannum tin + -ferous.] Containing or affording tin.

Stannine, Stannite

Stan"nine (?), Stan"nite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a steel

Stanno-

Stan"no- (?). [L. stannum tin.] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation to, or connection with, tin, or including tin as an ingredient.

Stannofluoride

Stan`no*flu"or*ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of double fluorides of tin (stannum) and some other element.

Stannoso-

Stan*no"so- (?), a. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting relation to, or connection with, certain stannnous compounds.

Stannotype

Stan"no*type (?), n. [Stanno- + -type.] (Photog.) A photograph taken upon a tin plate; a tintype.

Stannous

Stan"nous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, tin; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with stannic compounds. Stannous chloride (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, SnCl2.(H2O)2, obtained by dissolving tin in hydrochloric acid. It is used as a mordant in dyeing.

Stannum

Stan"num (?), n. [L., alloy of silver and lead; later, tin.] (Chem.) The technical name of tin. See Tin.

Stannyel, Stanyel

Stann"yel, Stan"yel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Stannel.

Stant, Stont

Stant (?), Stont (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Stand, for standeth. Stands. Chaucer.

Stanza

Stan"za (?), n.; pl. Stanzas (#). [It. stanza a room, habitation, a stanza, i. e., a stop, fr. L. stans, p.pr. of stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. Estancia, Stance, Stanchion.]

1. A number of lines or verses forming a division of a song or poem, and agreeing in meter, rhyme, number of lines, etc., with other divisions; a part of a poem, ordinarily containing every variation of measure in that poem; a combination or arrangement of lines usually recurring; whether like or unlike, in measure.

Horace confines himself strictly to one sort of verse, or stanza, in every ode. Dryden.

2. (Arch.) An apartment or division in a building; a room or chamber.

Stanzaic

Stan*za"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, stanzas; as, a couplet in stanzaic form.

Stapedial

Sta*pe"di*al (?), a. [LL. stapes stirrup.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to stapes.

Stapelia

Sta*pe"li*a (?), n. [NL. So named after John Bod\'91us a Stapel, a physician of Amsterdam.] (Bot.) An extensive and curious genus of African plants of the natural order Asclepiadace\'91 (Milkweed family). They are succulent plants without leaves, frequently covered with dark tubercles giving them a very grotesque appearance. The odor of the blossoms is like that of carrion.

Stapes

Sta"pes (?), n. [LL., a stirrup.] (Anat.) The innermost of the ossicles of the ear; the stirrup, or stirrup bone; -- so called from its form. See Illust. of Ear.

Staphyline

Staph"y*line (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the uvula or the palate.

Staphylinid

Staph`y*li"nid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any rove beetle.

Staphyloma

Staph`y*lo"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A protrusion of any part of the globe of the eye; as, a staphyloma of the cornea.

Staphylomatous

Staph`y*lo"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to staphyloma; affected with staphyloma.

Staphyloplasty

Staph"y*lo*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. -plasty.] (Surg.) The operation for restoring or replacing the soft palate when it has been lost. Dunglison. -- Staph`y*lo*plas"tic (#), a.

Staphyloraphy, Staphylorrhaphy

Staph`y*lor"a*phy, Staph`y*lor"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. staphylorraphie.] The operation of uniting a cleft palate, consisting in paring and bringing together the edges of the cleft. -- Staph`y*lo*raph"ic (#), Staph`y*lor*rhaph"ic (#), a.

Staphylotomy

Staph`y*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of removing a staphyloma by cutting.

Staple

Sta"ple (?), n. [AS. stapul, stapol, stapel, a step, a prop, post, table, fr. stapan to step, go, raise; akin to D. stapel a pile, stocks, emporium, G. stapela heap, mart, stake, staffel step of a ladder, Sw. stapel, Dan. stabel, and E. step cf. OF. estaple a mart, F. \'82tape. See Step.]

1. A settled mart; an emporium; a city or town to which merchants brought commodities for sale or exportation in bulk; a place for wholesale traffic.

The customs of Alexandria were very great, it having been the staple of the Indian trade. Arbuthnot.
For the increase of trade and the encouragement of the worthy burgesses of Woodstock, her majesty was minded to erect the town into a staple for wool. Sir W. Scott.
&hand; In England, formerly, the king's staple was established in certain ports or towns, and certain goods could not be exported without being first brought to these places to be rated and charged with the duty payable of the king or the public. The principal commodities on which customs were lived were wool, skins, and leather; and these were originally the staple commodities.

2. Hence: Place of supply; source; fountain head.

Whitehall naturally became the chief staple of news. Whenever there was a rumor that any thing important had happened or was about to happen, people hastened thither to obtain intelligence from the fountain head. Macaulay.

3. The principal commodity of traffic in a market; a principal commodity or production of a country or district; as, wheat, maize, and cotton are great staples of the United States.

We should now say, Cotton is the great staple, that is, the established merchandize, of Manchester. Trench.

4. The principal constituent in anything; chief item.

5. Unmanufactured material; raw material.

6. The fiber of wool, cotton, flax, or the like; as, a coarse staple; a fine staple; a long or short staple.

7. A loop of iron, or a bar or wire, bent and formed with two points to be driven into wood, to hold a hook, pin, or the like.

8. (Mining) (a) A shaft, smaller and shorter than the principal one, joining different levels. (b) A small pit.

9. A district granted to an abbey. [Obs.] Camden.

Staple

Sta"ple, a.

1. Pertaining to, or being market of staple for, commodities; as, a staple town. [R.]

2. Established in commerce; occupying the markets; settled; as, a staple trade. Dryden.

3. Fit to be sold; marketable. [R.] Swift.

4. Regularly produced or manufactured in large quantities; belonging to wholesale traffic; principal; chief.

Wool, the great staple commodity of England. H

Staple

Sta"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. stapled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. stapling.] To sort according to its staple; as, to staple cotton.

Stapler

Sta"pler (?), n.

1. A dealer in staple goods.

2. One employed to assort wool according to its staple.

Star

Star (?), n. [OE. sterre, AS. steorra; akin to OFries. stera, OS. sterro, D. ster, OHG. sterno, sterro, G. stern, Icel. stjarna, Sw. stjerna, Dan. stierne, Goth. sta\'a1rn\'d3, Armor. & Corn. stern, L. stella, Gr. star; perhaps from a root meaning, to seater, Skr. st, L. sternere (cf. Stratum), and originally applied to the stars as beingstrewn over the sky, or as beingscatterers or spreaders of light. \'fb296. Cf. Aster, Asteroid, Constellation, Disaster, Stellar.]

1. One of the innumerable luminous bodies seen in the heavens; any heavenly body other than the sun, moon, comets, and nebul\'91.

His eyen twinkled in his head aright, As do the stars in the frosty night. Chaucer.
&hand; The stars are distinguished as planets, and fixed stars. See Planet, Fixed stars under Fixed, and Magnitude of a star under Magnitude.

2. The polestar; the north star. Shak.

3. (Astrol.) A planet supposed to influence one's destiny; (usually pl.) a configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune.

O malignant and ill-brooding stars. Shak.
Blesses his stars, and thinks it luxury. Addison.

4. That which resembles the figure of a star, as an ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honor.

On whom . . . Lavish Honor showered all her stars. Tennyson.

5. Specifically, a radiated mark in writing or printing; an asterisk [thus, *]; -- used as a reference to a note, or to fill a blank where something is omitted, etc.

6. (Pyrotechny) A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding of a air, presents a starlike appearance.

7. A person of brilliant and attractive qualities, especially on public occasions, as a distinguished orator, a leading theatrical performer, etc. &hand; Star is used in the formation of compound words generally or obvious signification: as, star-aspiring, star-bespangled, star-bestudded, star-blasting, star-bright, star-crowned, star-directed, star-eyed, star-headed, star-paved, star-roofed; star-sprinkled, star-wreathed.

Page 1404

Blazing star, Double star, Multiple star, Shooting star, etc. See under Blazing, Double, etc. -- Nebulous star (Astron.), a small well-defined circular nebula, having a bright nucleus at its center like a star. -- Star anise (Bot.), any plant of the genus Illicium; -- so called from its star-shaped capsules. -- Star apple (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Chrysophyllum Cainito), having a milky juice and oblong leaves with a silky-golden pubescence beneath. It bears an applelike fruit, the carpels of which present a starlike figure when cut across. The name is extended to the whole genus of about sixty species, and the natural order (Sapotace\'91) to which it belongs is called the Star-apple family. -- Star conner, one who cons, or studies, the stars; an astronomer or an astrologer. Gascoigne. -- Star coral (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of stony corals belonging to Astr\'91a, Orbicella, and allied genera, in which the calicles are round or polygonal and contain conspicuous radiating septa. -- Star cucumber. (Bot.) See under Cucumber. -- Star flower. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Ornithogalum; star-of-Bethlehem. (b) See Starwort (b). (c) An American plant of the genus Trientalis (Trientalis Americana). Gray. -- Star fort (Fort.), a fort surrounded on the exterior with projecting angles; -- whence the name. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), a long rod, with adjustable points projecting radially at its end, for measuring the size of different parts of the bore of a gun. -- Star grass. (Bot.) (a) A small grasslike plant (Hypoxis erecta) having star-shaped yellow flowers. (b) The colicroot. See Colicroot. -- Star hyacinth (Bot.), a bulbous plant of the genus Scilla (S. autumnalis); -- called also star-headed hyacinth. -- Star jelly (Bot.), any one of several gelatinous plants (Nostoc commune, N. edule, etc.). See Nostoc. -- Star lizard. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Stellion. -- Star-of-Bethlehem (Bot.), a bulbous liliaceous plant (Ornithogalum umbellatum) having a small white starlike flower. -- Star-of-the-earth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Plantago (P. coronopus), growing upon the seashore. -- Star polygon (Geom.), a polygon whose sides cut each other so as to form a star-shaped figure. -- Stars and Stripes, a popular name for the flag of the United States, which consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, alternately red and white, and a union having, in a blue field, white stars to represent the several States, one for each.
With the old flag, the true American flag, the Eagle, and the Stars and Stripes, waving over the chamber in which we sit. D. Webster.
-- Star showers. See Shooting star, under Shooting. -- Star thistle (Bot.), an annual composite plant (Centaurea solstitialis) having the involucre armed with radiating spines. -- Star wheel (Mach.), a star-shaped disk, used as a kind of ratchet wheel, in repeating watches and the feed motions of some machines. -- Star worm (Zo\'94l.), a gephyrean. -- Temporary star (Astron.), a star which appears suddenly, shines for a period, and then nearly or quite disappears. These stars are supposed by some astronometers to be variable stars of long and undetermined periods. -- Variable star (Astron.), a star whose brilliancy varies periodically, generally with regularity, but sometimes irregularly; -- called periodical star when its changes occur at fixed periods. -- Water star grass (Bot.), an aquatic plant (Schollera graminea) with small yellow starlike blossoms.

Star

Star (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Starred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Starring.] To set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating bodies; to bespangle; as, a robe starred with gems. "A sable curtain starred with gold." Young.

Star

Star, v. i. To be bright, or attract attention, as a star; to shine like a star; to be brilliant or prominent; to play a part as a theatrical star. <-- i.e., to be the most prominent or one of the two most prominent actors in the cast of a drama or film. --> W. Irving.

Star-blind

Star"-blind` (?), a. Half blind.

Starboard

Star"board` (?), n. [OE. sterbord, AS. ste\'a2rbord, i.e., steer board. See Steer, v. t., Board of a vessel, and cf. Larboard.] (Naut.) That side of a vessel which is one of the right hand of a person who stands on board facing the bow; -- opposed to larboard, or port.

Starboard

Star"board`, a. (Naut.) Pertaining to the right-hand side of a ship; being or lying on the right side; as, the starboard quarter; starboard tack.

Starboard

Star"board`, v. t. (Naut.) To put to the right, or starboard, side of a vessel; as, to starboard the helm.

Starblowlines

Star"blow`lines (?), n. pl. (Naut.) The men in the starboard watch. [Obs.] R. H. Dana, Jr.

Starch

Starch (?), a. [AS. stearc stark, strong, rough. See Stark.] Stiff; precise; rigid. [R.] Killingbeck.

Starch

Starch, n. [From starch stiff, cf. G. st\'84rke, fr. stark strong.]

1. (Chem.) A widely diffused vegetable substance found especially in seeds, bulbs, and tubers, and extracted (as from potatoes, corn, rice, etc.) as a white, glistening, granular or powdery substance, without taste or smell, and giving a very peculiar creaking sound when rubbed between the fingers. It is used as a food, in the production of commercial grape sugar, for stiffening linen in laundries, in making paste, etc. &hand; Starch is a carbohydrate, being the typical amylose, C6H10O5, and is detected by the fine blue color given to it by free iodine. It is not fermentable as such, but is changed by diastase into dextrin and maltose, and by heating with dilute acids into dextrose. Cf. Sugar, Inulin, and Lichenin.

2. Fig.: A stiff, formal manner; formality. Addison.

Starch hyacinth (Bot.), the grape hyacinth; -- so called because the flowers have the smell of boiled starch. See under Grape.

Starch

Starch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Starched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Starching.] To stiffen with starch.

Star-chamber

Star"-cham`ber (?), n. [So called (as conjectured by Blackstone) from being held in a room at the Exchequer where the chests containing certain Jewish comtracts and obligations called starrs (from the Heb. shetar, pron. shtar) were kept; or from the stars with which the ceiling is supposed to have been decorated.] (Eng. Hist.) An ancient high court exercising jurisdiction in certain cases, mainly criminal, which sat without the intervention of a jury. It consisted of the king's council, or of the privy council only with the addition of certain judges. It could proceed on mere rumor or examine witnesses; it could apply torture. It was abolished by the Long Parliament in 1641. Encyc. Brit.

Starched

Starched (?), a.

1. Stiffened with starch.

2. Stiff; precise; formal. Swift.

Starchedness

Starch"ed*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being starched; stiffness in manners; formality.

Starcher

Starch"er (?), n. One who starches.

Starchly

Starch"ly, adv. In a starched or starch manner.

Starchness

Starch"ness, n. Of or pertaining to starched or starch; stiffness of manner; preciseness.

Starchwort

Starch"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The cuckoopint, the tubers of which yield a fine quality of starch.

Starchy

Starch"y (?), a. Consisting of starch; resembling starch; stiff; precise.

Starcraft

Star"craft (?), n. Astrology. [R.] Tennyson.

Star-crossed

Star"-crossed` (?), a. Not favored by the stars; ill-fated. [Poetic] Shak.
Such in my star-crossed destiny. Massinger.

Stare

Stare (?), n. [AS. st\'91r. See Starling.] (Zo\'94l.) The starling. [Obs.]

Stare

Stare, v. i. [imp. & p. p. stared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. staring.] [AS. starian; akin to LG. & D. staren, OHG. star\'c7n, G. starren, Icel. stara; cf. Icel. stira, Dan. stirre, Sw. stirra, and G. starr stiff, rigid, fixed, Gr. stereo-), Skr. sthira firm, strong. \'fb166. Cf. Sterile.]

1. To look with fixed eyes wide open, as through fear, wonder, surprise, impudence, etc.; to fasten an earnest and prolonged gaze on some object.

For ever upon the ground I see thee stare. Chaucer.
Look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret. Shak.

2. To be very conspicuous on account of size, prominence, color, or brilliancy; as, staring windows or colors.

3. To stand out; to project; to bristle. [Obs.]

Makest my blood cold, and my hair to stare. Shak.
Take off all the staring straws and jags in the hive. Mortimer.
Syn. -- To gaze; to look earnestly. See Gaze.

Stare

Stare (?), v. t. To look earnestly at; to gaze at.
I will stare him out of his wits. Shak.
To stare in the face, to be before the eyes, or to be undeniably evident. "The law . . . stares them in the face whilst they are breaking it." Locke.

Stare

Stare, n. The act of staring; a fixed look with eyes wide open. "A dull and stupid stare." Churchill.

Starer

Star"er (?), n. One who stares, or gazes.

Starf

Starf (?), obs. imp. of Starve. Starved. Chaucer.

Starfinch

Star"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European redstart.

Starfish

Star"fish (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of echinoderms belonging to the class Asterioidea, in which the body is star-shaped and usually has five rays, though the number of rays varies from five to forty or more. The rays are often long, but are sometimes so short as to appear only as angles to the disklike body. Called also sea star, five-finger, and stellerid. &hand; The ophiuroids are also sometimes called starfishes. See Brittle star, and Ophiuroidea.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The dollar fish, or butterfish.

Stargaser

Star"gas`er (?), n.

1. One who gazes at the stars; an astrologer; sometimes, in derision or contempt, an astronomer.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of spiny-rayed marine fishes belonging to Uranoscopus, Astroscopus, and allied genera, of the family Uranoscopid\'91. The common species of the Eastern United States are Astroscopus anoplus, and A. guttatus. So called from the position of the eyes, which look directly upward.

Stargasing

Star"gas`ing, n.

1. The act or practice of observing the stars with attention; contemplation of the stars as connected with astrology or astronomy. Swift.

2. Hence, absent-mindedness; abstraction.

Staringly

Star"ing*ly (?), adv. With a staring look.

Stark

Stark (?), a. [Compar. Starker (?); superl. Starkest.] [OE. stark stiff, strong, AS. stearc; akin to OS. starc strong, D. sterk, OHG. starc, starah, G. & Sw. stark, Dan. st\'91rk, Icel. sterkr, Goth. gasta\'a3rknan to become dried up, Lith. str\'89gti to stiffen, to freeze. Cf. Starch, a. & n.]

1. Stiff; rigid. Chaucer.

Whose senses all were straight benumbed and stark. Spenser.
His heart gan wax as stark as marble stone. Spenser.
Many a nobleman lies stark and stiff Under the hoofs of vaunting enemies. Shak.
The north is not so stark and cold. B. Jonson.

2. Complete; absolute; full; perfect; entire. [Obs.]

Consider the stark security The common wealth is in now. B. Jonson.

3. Strong; vigorous; powerful.

A stark, moss-trooping Scot. Sir W. Scott.
Stark beer, boy, stout and strong beer. Beau. & Fl.

4. Severe; violent; fierce. [Obs.] "In starke stours." [i. e., in fierce combats]. Chaucer.

5. Mere; sheer; gross; entire; downright.

He pronounces the citation stark nonsense. Collier.
Rhetoric is very good or stark naught; there's no medium in rhetoric. Selden.

Stark

Stark (?), adv. Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind. Shak.
Held him strangled in his arms till he was stark dead. Fuller.
Stark naked, wholly naked; quite bare.
Strip your sword stark naked. Shak.
&hand; According to Professor Skeat, "stark-naked" is derived from steort-naked, or start-naked, literally tail-naked, and hence wholly naked. If this etymology be true the preferable form is stark-naked.

Stark

Stark, v. t. To stiffen. [R.]
If horror have not starked your limbs. H. Taylor.

Starkly

Stark"ly, adv. In a stark manner; stiffly; strongly.
Its onward force too starky pent In figure, bone, and lineament. Emerson.

Starkness

Stark"ness, n. The quality or state of being stark.

Starless

Star"less (?), a. Being without stars; having no stars visible; as, a starless night. Milton.

Starlight

Star"light` (?), n. The light given by the stars.
Nor walk by moon, Or glittering starlight, without thee is sweet. Milton.

Starlight

Star"light`, a. Lighted by the stars, or by the stars only; as, a starlight night.
A starlight evening and a morning fair. Dryden.

Starlike

Star"like` (?), a.

1. Resembling a star; stellated; radiated like a star; as, starlike flowers.

2. Shining; bright; illustrious. Dryden.

The having turned many to righteousness shall confer a starlike and immortal brightness. Boyle.

Starling

Star"ling (?), n. [OE. sterlyng, a dim. of OE. stare, AS. st\'91r; akin to AS. stearn, G. star, staar, OHG. stara, Icel. starri, stari, Sw. stare, Dan. st\'91r, L. sturnus. Cf. Stare a starling.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any passerine bird belonging to Sturnus and allied genera. The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is dark brown or greenish black, with a metallic gloss, and spotted with yellowish white. It is a sociable bird, and builds about houses, old towers, etc. Called also stare, and starred. The pied starling of India is Sternopastor contra.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A California fish; the rock trout.

3. A structure of piles driven round the piers of a bridge for protection and support; -- called also sterling.

Rose-colored starling. (Zo\'94l.) See Pastor.

Starlit

Star"lit` (?), a. Lighted by the stars; starlight.

Starmonger

Star"mon`ger (?), n. A fortune teller; an astrologer; -- used in contempt. B. Jonson.

Starn

Starn (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European starling. [Prov. Eng.]

Starnose

Star"nose` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curious American mole (Condylura cristata) having the nose expanded at the end into a stellate disk; -- called also star-nosed mole.

Starost

Star"ost (?), n. [Pol. starosta, from stary old.] A nobleman who possessed a starosty. [Poland]

Starosty

Star"os*ty (?), n. A castle and domain conferred on a nobleman for life. [Poland] Brande & C.

Starproof

Star"proof` (?), a. Impervious to the light of the stars; as, a starproof elm. [Poetic] Milton.

Star-read

Star"-read` (?), n. Doctrine or knowledge of the stars; star lore; astrology; astronomy. [Obs.]
Which in star-read were wont have best insight. Spenser.

Starred

Starred (?), a. [From Star.]

1. Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled.

2. Influenced in fortune by the stars. [Obs.]

My third comfort, Starred most unluckily. Shak.

Starriness

Star"ri*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being starry; as, the starriness of the heavens.

Starry

Star"ry (?), a.

1. Abounding with stars; adorned with stars. "Above the starry sky." Pope.

2. Consisting of, or proceeding from, the stars; stellar; stellary; as, starry light; starry flame.

Do not Christians and Heathens, Jews and Gentiles, poets and philosophers, unite in allowing the starry influence? Sir W. Scott.

3. Shining like stars; sparkling; as, starry eyes.

4. Arranged in rays like those of a star; stellate.

Starry ray (Zo\'94l.), a European skate (Raita radiata); -- so called from the stellate bases of the dorsal spines.

Starshine

Star"shine` (?), n. The light of the stars. [R.]
The starshine lights upon our heads. R. L. Stevenson.

Starshoot

Star"shoot` (?), n. See Nostoc.

Star-spangled

Star"-span`gled (?), a. Spangled or studded with stars. Star-spangled banner, the popular name for the national ensign of the United States. F. S. Key.

Starstone

Star"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Asteriated sapphire.

Start

Start (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. started; p. pr. & vb. n. starting.] [OE. sterten; akin to D. storten 8hurl, rush, fall, G. st\'81rzen, OHG. sturzen to turn over, to fall, Sw. st\'94ra to cast down, to fall, Dan. styrte, and probably also to E. start a tail; the original sense being, perhaps, to show the tail, to tumble over suddenly. \'fb166. Cf. Start a tail.]

1. To leap; to jump. [Obs.]

2. To move suddenly, as with a spring or leap, from surprise, pain, or other sudden feeling or emotion, or by a voluntary act.

And maketh him out of his sleep to start. Chaucer.
I start as from some dreadful dream. Dryden.
Keep your soul to the work when ready to start aside. I. Watts.
But if he start, It is the flesh of a corrupted heart. Shak.

3. To set out; to commence a course, as a race or journey; to begin; as, to start business.

At once they start, advancing in a line. Dryden.
At intervals some bird from out the brakes Starts into voice a moment, then is still. Byron.

4. To become somewhat displaced or loosened; as, a rivet or a seam may start under strain or pressure.

To start after, to set out after; to follow; to pursue. -- To start against, to act as a rival candidate against. -- To start for, to be a candidate for, as an office. -- To start up, to rise suddenly, as from a seat or couch; to come suddenly into notice or importance.
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Start

Start (?), v. t.

1. To cause to move suddenly; to disturb suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly; as, the hounds started a fox.

Upon malicious bravery dost thou come To start my quiet? Shak.
Brutus will start a spirit as soon as C\'91sar. Shak.

2. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.

Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start. Sir W. Temple.

3. To cause to move or act; to set going, running, or flowing; as, to start a railway train; to start a mill; to start a stream of water; to start a rumor; to start a business.

I was engaged in conversation upon a subject which the people love to start in discourse. Addison.

4. To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate; as, to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel.

One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternum. Wiseman.

5. [Perh. from D. storten, which has this meaning also.] (Naut.) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from; as, to start a water cask.

Start

Start, n.

1. The act of starting; a sudden spring, leap, or motion, caused by surprise, fear, pain, or the like; any sudden motion, or beginning of motion.

The fright awakened Arcite with a start. Dryden.

2. A convulsive motion, twitch, or spasm; a spasmodic effort.

For she did speak in starts distractedly. Shak.
Nature does nothing by starts and leaps, or in a hurry. L'Estrange.

3. A sudden, unexpected movement; a sudden and capricious impulse; a sally; as, starts of fancy.

To check the starts and sallies of the soul. Addison.

4. The beginning, as of a journey or a course of action; first motion from a place; act of setting out; the outset; -- opposed to finish.

The start of first performance is all. Bacon.
I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start. Shak.
At a start, at once; in an instant. [Obs.]
At a start he was betwixt them two. Chaucer.
To get, ∨ have, the start, to before another; to gain or have the advantage in a similar undertaking; -- usually with of. "Get the start of the majestic world." Shak. "She might have forsaken him if he had not got the start of her." Dryden.

Start

Start, n. [OE. stert a tail, AS. steort; akin to LG. stert, steert, D. staart, G. sterz, Icel. stertr, Dan. stiert, Sw. stjert. \'fb166. Cf. Stark naked, under Stark, Start, v. i.]

1. A tail, or anything projecting like a tail.

2. The handle, or tail, of a plow; also, any long handle. [Prov. Eng.]

3. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water-wheel bucket.

4. (Mining) The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.

Starter

Start"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, starts; as, a starter on a journey; the starter of a race.

2. A dog that rouses game.

Startful

Start"ful (?), a. Apt to start; skittish. [R.]

Startfulness

Start"ful*ness, n. Aptness to start. [R.]

Starthroat

Star"throat` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any humming bird of the genus Heliomaster. The feathers of the throat have a brilliant metallic luster.

Starting

Start"ing (?), a. & n. from Start, v. Starting bar (Steam Eng.), a hand lever for working the values in starting an engine. -- Starting hole, a loophole; evasion. [Obs.] -- Starting point, the point from which motion begins, or from which anything starts. -- Starting post, a post, stake, barrier, or place from which competitors in a race start, or begin the race.

Startingly

Start"ing*ly, adv. By sudden fits or starts; spasmodically. Shak.

Startish

Start"ish, a. Apt to start; skittish; shy; -- said especially of a horse. [Colloq.]

Startle

Star"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Startled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Startling (?).] [Freq. of start.] To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start.
Why shrinks the soul Back on herself, and startles at destruction? Addison.

Startle

Star"tle (?), v. t.

1. To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise.

The supposition, at least, that angels do sometimes assume bodies need not startle us. Locke.

2. To deter; to cause to deviate. [R.] Clarendon. Syn. -- To start; shock; fright; frighten; alarm.

Startle

Star"tle, n. A sudden motion or shock caused by an unexpected alarm, surprise, or apprehension of danger.
After having recovered from my first startle, I was very well pleased with the accident. Spectator.

Startlingly

Star"tling*ly (?), adv. In a startling manner.

Startlish

Star"tlish (?), a. Easily startled; apt to start; startish; skittish; -- said especially of a hourse. [Colloq.]

Start-up

Start"-up` (?), n.

1. One who comes suddenly into notice; an upstart. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A kind of high rustic shoe. [Obs.] Drayton.

A startuppe, or clownish shoe. Spenser.

Start-up

Start"-up`, a. Upstart. [R.] Walpole.

Starvation

Star*va"tion (?), n. The act of starving, or the state of being starved. &hand; This word was first used, according to Horace Walpole, by Henry Dundas, the first Lord Melville, in a speech on American affairs in 1775, which obtained for him the nickname of Starvation Dundas. "Starvation, we are also told, belongs to the class of 'vile compounds' from being a mongrel; as if English were not full of mongrels, and if it would not be in distressing straits without them." Fitzed. Hall.

Starve

Starve (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Starved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Starving.] [OE. sterven to die, AS. steorfan; akin to D. sterven, G. sterben, OHG. sterban, Icel. starf labor, toil.]

1. To die; to perish. [Obs., except in the sense of perishing with cold or hunger.] Lydgate.

In hot coals he hath himself raked . . . Thus starved this worthy mighty Hercules. Chaucer.

2. To perish with hunger; to suffer extreme hunger or want; to be very indigent.

Sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed. Pope.

3. To perish or die with cold. Spenser.

Have I seen the naked starve for cold? Sandys.
Starving with cold as well as hunger. W. Irving.
&hand; In this sense, still common in England, but rarely used of the United States.

Starve

Starve, v. t.

1. To destroy with cold. [Eng.]

From beds of raging fire, to starve in ice Their soft ethereal warmth. Milton.

2. To kill with hunger; as, maliciously to starve a man is, in law, murder.

3. To distress or subdue by famine; as, to starvea garrison into a surrender.

Attalus endeavored to starve Italy by stopping their convoy of provisions from Africa. Arbuthnot.

4. To destroy by want of any kind; as, to starve plans by depriving them of proper light and air.

5. To deprive of force or vigor; to disable.

The pens of historians, writing thereof, seemed starved for matter in an age so fruitful of memorable actions. Fuller.
The powers of their minds are starved by disuse. Locke.

Starvedly

Starv"ed*ly (?), adv. In the condition of one starved or starving; parsimoniously.
Some boasting housekeeper which keepth open doors for one day, . . . and lives starvedly all the year after. Bp. Hall.

Starveling

Starve"ling (?), n. [Starve + -ling.] One who, or that which, pines from lack or food, or nutriment.
Old Sir John hangs with me, and thou knowest he is no starveling. Shak.

Starveling

Starve"ling, a. Hungry; lean; pining with want.

Starwort

Star"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Any plant of the genus Aster. See Aster. (b) A small plant of the genus Stellaria, having star-shaped flowers; star flower; chickweed. Gray. Water starwort, an aquatic plant (Callitriche verna) having some resemblance to chickweed. -- Yellow starwort, a plant of the genus Inula; elecampane.

Stasimon

Stas"i*mon (?), n.; pl. Stasmia (#). [NL., from Gr. sta`simon, neut. of sta`simos stationary, steadfast.] In the Greek tragedy, a song of the chorus, continued without the interruption of dialogue or anap\'91stics. Liddell & Scott.

Stasis

Sta"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) A slackening or arrest of the blood current in the vessels, due not to a lessening of the heart's beat, but presumably to some abnormal resistance of the capillary walls. It is one of the phenomena observed in the capillaries in inflammation.

Statable

Stat"a*ble (?), a. That can be stated; as, a statablegrievance; the question at issue is statable.

Statal

Sta"tal (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or existing with reference to, a State of the American Union, as distinguished from the general government. [R.]
I have no knowledge of any other kind of political citizenship, higher or lower, statal or national. Edward Bates.

Statant

Sta"tant (?), a. [L. stare to stand.] (Her.) In a standing position; as, a lion statant.

Statarian

Sta*ta"ri*an (?), a. Fixed; settled; steady; statary. [Obs.]

Statarianly

Sta*ta"ri*an*ly, adv. Fixedly; steadly. [Obs.]

Statary

Sta"ta*ry (?), a. [L. statarius standing fast, fr. stare to stand.] Fixed; settled. [Obs.] "The set and statary times of paring of nails and cutting hair." Sir T. Browne.

State

State (?), n. [OE. stat, OF. estat, F. \'82tat, fr. L. status a standing, position, fr. stare, statum, to stand. See Stand, and cf. Estate, Status.]

1. The circumstances or condition of a being or thing at any given time.

State is a term nearly synonymous with "mode," but of a meaning more extensive, and is not exclusively limited to the mutable and contingent. Sir W. Hamilton.
Declare the past and present state of things. Dryden.
Keep the state of the question in your eye. Boyle.

2. Rank; condition; quality; as, the state of honor.

Thy honor, state, and seat is due to me. Shak.

3. Condition of prosperity or grandeur; wealthy or prosperous circumstances; social importance.

She instructed him how he should keep state, and yet with a modest sense of his misfortunes. Bacon.
Can this imperious lord forget to reign, Quit all his state, descend, and serve again? Pope.

4. Appearance of grandeur or dignity; pomp.

Where least og state there most of love is shown. Dryden.

5. A chair with a canopy above it, often standing on a dais; a seat of dignity; also, the canopy itself. [Obs.]

His high throne, . . . under state Of richest texture spread. Milton.
When he went to court, he used to kick away the state, and sit down by his prince cheek by jowl. Swift.

6. Estate, possession. [Obs.] Daniel.

Your state, my lord, again in yours. Massinger.

7. A person of high rank. [Obs.] Latimer.

8. Any body of men united by profession, or constituting a community of a particular character; as, the civil and ecclesiastical states, or the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons, in Great Britain. Cf. Estate, n., 6.

9. The principal persons in a government.

The bold design Pleased highly those infernal states. Milton.

10. The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country; as, the States-general of Holland.

11. A form of government which is not monarchial, as a republic. [Obs.]

Well monarchies may own religion's name, But states are atheists in their very fame. Dryden.

12. A political body, or body politic; the whole body of people who are united one government, whatever may be the form of the government; a nation.

Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state. Blackstone.
The Puritans in the reign of Mary, driven from their homes, sought an asylum in Geneva, where they found a state without a king, and a church without a bishop. R. Choate.

13. In the United States, one of the commonwealth, or bodies politic, the people of which make up the body of the nation, and which, under the national constitution, stands in certain specified relations with the national government, and are invested, as commonwealth, with full power in their several spheres over all matters not expressly inhibited. &hand; The term State, in its technical sense, is used in distinction from the federal system, i. e., the government of the United States.

14. Highest and stationary condition, as that of maturity between growth and decline, or as that of crisis between the increase and the abating of a disease; height; acme. [Obs.] &hand; When state is joined with another word, or used adjectively, it denotes public, or what belongs to the community or body politic, or to the government; also, what belongs to the States severally in the American Union; as, state affairs; state policy; State laws of Iowa.

Nascent state. (Chem.) See under Nascent. -- Secretary of state. See Secretary, n., 3. -- State bargea royal barge, or a barge belonging to a government. -- State bed, an elaborately carved or decorated bed. -- State carriage, a highly decorated carriage for officials going in state, or taking part in public processions. -- State paper, an official paper relating to the interests or government of a state. Jay. -- State prison, a public prison or penitentiary; -- called also State's prison. -- State prisoner, one is confinement, or under arrest, for a political offense. -- State rights, ∨ States' rights, the rights of the several independent States, as distinguished from the rights of the Federal government. It has been a question as to what rights have been vested in the general government. [U.S.] -- State's evidence. See Probator, 2, and under Evidence. -- State sword, a sword used on state occasions, being borne before a sovereign by an attendant of high rank. -- State trial, a trial of a person for a political offense. -- States of the Church. See under Ecclesiastical. Syn. -- State, Situation, Condition. State is the generic term, and denotes in general the mode in which a thing stands or exists. The situation of a thing is its state in reference to external objects and influences; its condition is its internal state, or what it is in itself considered. Our situation is good or bad as outward things bear favorably or unfavorably upon us; our condition is good or bad according to the state we are actually in as respects our persons, families, property, and other things which comprise our sources of enjoyment.
I do not, brother, Infer as if I thought my sister's state Secure without all doubt or controversy. Milton.
We hoped to enjoy with ease what, in our situation, might be called the luxuries of life. Cock.
And, O, what man's condition can be worse Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse? Cowley.

State

State (?), a.

1. Stately. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Belonging to the state, or body politic; public.

State

State, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stated; p. pr. & vb. n. Stating.]

1. To set; to settle; to establish. [R.]

I myself, though meanest stated, And in court now almost hated. Wither.
Who calls the council, states the certain day. Pope.

2. To express the particulars of; to set down in detail or in gross; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite; as, to state the facts of a case, one's opinion, etc.

To state it. To assume state or dignity. [Obs.] "Rarely dressed up, and taught to state it." Beau. & Fl.

State

State, n. A statement; also, a document containing a statement. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Statecraft

State"craft` (?), n. The art of conducting state affairs; state management; statesmanship.
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Stated

Stat"ed (?), a.

1. Settled; established; fixed.

He is capable of corruption who receives more than what is the stated and unquestionable fee of his office. Addison.

2. Recurring at regular time; not occasional; as, stated preaching; stated business hours.

Statedly

Stat"ed*ly, adv. At stated times; regularly.

Stateful

State"ful (?), a. Full of state; stately. [Obs.] "A stateful silence." Marston.

Statehood

State"hood (?), n. The condition of being a State; as, a territory seeking Statehood.

Statehouse

State"house` (?), n. The building in which a State legislature holds its sessions; a State capitol. [U. S.]

Stateless

State"less, a. Without state or pomp.

Statelily

State"li*ly (?), adv. In a stately manner.

Stateliness

State"li*ness, n. The quality or state of being stately.
For stateliness and majesty, what is comparable to a horse? Dr. H. More.

Stately

State"ly, a. [Compar. Statelier (?); superl. Stateliest.] Evincing state or dignity; lofty; majestic; grand; as, statelymanners; a stately gait. "The stately homes of England!" Mrs. Hemans. "Filled with stately temples." Prescott.
Here is a stately style indeed! Shak.
Syn. -- Lofty; dignified; majestic; grand; august; magnificent.

Stately

State"ly, adv. Majestically; loftily. Milton.

Statement

State"ment (?), n.

1. The act of stating, reciting, or presenting, orally or in paper; as, to interrupt a speaker in the statement of his case.

2. That which is stated; a formal embodiment in language of facts or opinions; a narrative; a recital. "Admirable perspicuity of statement!" Brougham.

Statemonger

State"mon`ger (?), n. One versed in politics, or one who dabbles in state affairs.

Stateprison

State`pris"on (?). See under State, n.

Stater

Stat"er (?), n. One who states.

Stater

Sta"ter (?), n. [L. stater, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The principal gold coin of ancient Grece. It varied much in value, the stater best known at Athens being worth about \'9c1 2s., or about $5.35. The Attic silver tetradrachm was in later times called stater.

Stateroom

State"room` (?), n.

1. A magnificent room in a place or great house.

2. A small apartment for lodging or sleeping in the cabin, or on the deck, of a vessel; also, a somewhat similar apartment in a railway sleeping car.

States-general

States"-gen"er*al (?), n.

1. In France, before the Revolution, the assembly of the three orders of the kingdom, namely, the clergy, the nobility, and the third estate, or commonalty.

2. In the Netherlands, the legislative body, composed of two chambers.

Statesman

States"man (?), n.; pl. Statesmen (.

1. A man versed in public affairs and in the principles and art of government; especially, one eminent for political abilities.

The minds of some of our statesmen, like the pupil of the human eye, contract themselves the more, the stronger light there is shed upon them. More.

2. One occupied with the affairs of government, and influental in shaping its policy.

3. A small landholder. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Statesmanlike

States"man*like` (?), a. Having the manner or wisdom of statesmen; becoming a statesman.

Statesmanly

States"man*ly, a. Becoming a statesman.

Statesmanship

States"man*ship, n. The qualifications, duties, or employments of a statesman.

Stateswoman

States"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Stateswomen (. A woman concerned in public affairs.
A rare stateswoman; I admire her bearing. B. Jonson.

Stathmograph

Stath"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A contrivance for recording the speed of a railway train. Knight.

Static, Statical

Stat"ic (?), Stat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. statique. See Stand, and cf. Stage.]

1. Resting; acting by mere weight without motion; as, statical pressure; static objects.

2. Pertaining to bodies at rest or in equilibrium.

Statical electricity. See Note under Electricity, 1. -- Statical moment. See under Moment.

Statically

Stat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a statical manner.

Statics

Stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. statique, Gr. Static.] That branch of mechanics which treats of the equilibrium of forces, or relates to bodies as held at rest by the forces acting on them; -- distinguished from dynamics. Social statics, the study of the conditions which concern the existence and permanence of the social state.

Stating

Stat"ing (?), n. The act of one who states anything; statement; as, the statingof one's opinions.

Station

Sta"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. statio, from stare, statum, to stand. See Stand.]

1. The act of standing; also, attitude or pose in standing; posture. [R.]

A station like the herald, Mercury. Shak.
Their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their meetings unto that purpose . . . had the names of stations given them. Hooker.

2. A state of standing or rest; equilibrium. [Obs.]

All progression is performed by drawing on or impelling forward some part which was before in station, or at quiet. Sir T. Browne.

3. The spot or place where anything stands, especially where a person or thing habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a time; as, the station of a sentinel. Specifically: (a) A regular stopping place in a stage road or route; a place where railroad trains regularly come to a stand, for the convenience of passengers, taking in fuel, moving freight, etc. (b) The headquarters of the police force of any precinct. (c) The place at which an instrument is planted, or observations are made, as in surveying. (d) (Biol.) The particular place, or kind of situation, in which a species naturally occurs; a habitat. (e) (Naut.) A place to which ships may resort, and where they may anchor safely. (f) A place or region to which a government ship or fleet is assigned for duty. (g) (Mil.) A place calculated for the rendezvous of troops, or for the distribution of them; also, a spot well adapted for offensive measures. Wilhelm (Mil. Dict.). (h) (Mining) An enlargement in a shaft or galley, used as a landing, or passing place, or for the accomodation of a pump, tank, etc.

4. Post assigned; office; the part or department of public duty which a person is appointed to perform; sphere of duty or occupation; employment.

By spending this day [Sunday] in religious exercises, we acquire new strength and resolution to perform God's will in our several stations the week following. R. Nelson.

5. Situation; position; location.

The fig and date -- why love they to remain In middle station, and an even plain? Prior.

6. State; rank; condition of life; social status.

The greater part have kept, I see, Their station. Milton.
They in France of the best rank and station. Shak.

7. (Eccl.) (a) The fast of the fourth and sixth days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in memory of the council which condemned Christ, and of his passion. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A church in which the procession of the clergy halts on stated days to say stated prayers. Addis & Arnold. (c) One of the places at which ecclesiastical processions pause for the performance of an act of devotion; formerly, the tomb of a martyr, or some similarly consecrated spot; now, especially, one of those representations of the successive stages of our Lord's passion which are often placed round the naves of large churches and by the side of the way leading to sacred edifices or shrines, and which are visited in rotation, stated services being performed at each; -- called also Station of the cross. Fairholt.

Station bill. (Naut.) Same as Quarter bill, under Quarter. -- Station house. (a) The house serving for the headquarters of the police assigned to a certain district, and as a place of temporary confinement. (b) The house used as a shelter at a railway station. -- Station master, one who has charge of a station, esp. of a railway station. -- Station pointer (Surv.), an instrument for locating on a chart the position of a place from which the angles subtended by three distant objects, whose positions are known, have been observed. -- Station staff (Surv.), an instrument for taking angles in surveying. Craig. Syn. -- Station, Depot. In the United States, a stopping place on a railway for passengers and freight is commonly called a depot: but to a considerable extent in official use, and in common speech, the more appropriate name, station, has been adopted.

Station

Sta"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stationed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stationing.] To place; to set; to appoint or assign to the occupation of a post, place, or office; as, to station troops on the right of an army; to station a sentinel on a rampart; to station ships on the coasts of Africa.
He gained the brow of the hill, where the English phalanx was stationed. Lyttelton.

Stational

Sta"tion*al (?), a. [L. stationalis: cf. F. stationnale (\'82glise).] Of or pertaining to a station. [R.]

Stationariness

Sta"tion*a*ri*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being stationary; fixity.

Stationary

Sta"tion*a*ry (?), a. [L. stationarius: cf. F. stationnaire. Cf. Stationer.]

1. Not moving; not appearing to move; stable; fixed.

Charles Wesley, who is a more stationary man, does not believe the story. Southey.

2. Not improving or getting worse; not growing wiser, greater, better, more excellent, or the contrary.

3. Appearing to be at rest, because moving in the line of vision; not progressive or retrograde, as a planet.

Stationary air (Physiol.), the air which under ordinary circumstances does not leave the lungs in respiration. -- Stationary engine. (a) A steam engine thet is permanently placed, in distinction from a portable engine, locomotive, marine engine, etc. Specifically: (b) A factory engine, in distinction from a blowing, pumping, or other kind of engine which is also permanently placed.

Stationary

Sta"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (. One who, or that which, is stationary, as a planet when apparently it has neither progressive nor retrograde motion. Holland.

Stationer

Sta"tion*er (?), n. [Cf. Stationary, a.]

1. A bookseller or publisher; -- formerly so called from his occupying a stand, or station, in the market place or elsewhere. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. One who sells paper, pens, quills, inkstands, pencils, blank books, and other articles used in writing.

Stationery

Sta"tion*er*y (?), n. The articles usually sold by stationers, as paper, pens, ink, quills, blank books, etc.

Stationery

Sta"tion*er*y, a. Belonging to, or sold by, a stationer.

Statism

Sta"tism (?), n. [From State.] The art of governing a state; statecraft; policy. [Obs.]
The enemies of God . . . call our religion statism. South.

Statist

Sta"tist (?), n. [From State.]

1. A statesman; a politician; one skilled in government. [Obs.]

Statists indeed, And lovers of their country. Milton.

2. A statistician. Fawcett.

Statistic, Statistical

Sta*tis"tic (?), Sta*tis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. statistique.] Of or pertaining to statistics; as, statistical knowledge, statistical tabulation.

Statistically

Sta*tis"tic*al*ly, adv. In the way of statistics.

Statistician

Stat`is*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. statisticien.] One versed in statistics; one who collects and classifies facts for statistics.

Statistics

Sta*tis"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. statistique, G. statistik. See State, n.]

1. The science which has to do with the collection and classification of certain facts respecting the condition of the people in a state. [In this sense gramatically singular.]

2. pl. Classified facts respecting the condition of the people in a state, their health, their longevity, domestic economy, arts, property, and political strength, their resources, the state of the country, etc., or respecting any particular class or interest; especially, those facts which can be stated in numbers, or in tables of numbers, or in any tabular and classified arrangement. <-- 3. The branch of mathematics which studies methods for the calculation of probabilities. -->

Statistology

Stat`is*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Statistics + -logy.] See Statistics, 2.

Stative

Sta"tive (?), a. [L. stativus, fr. stare, statum, to stand.] (Mil.) Of or pertaining to a fixed camp, or military posts or quarters. [Obs. or R.]

Statoblast

Stat"o*blast (?), n. [Gr. i.e., remaining) + -blast.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of internal buds, or germs, produced in the interior of certain Bryozoa and sponges, especially in the fresh-water species; -- also called winter buds. &hand; They are protected by a firm covering, and are usually destined to perpetuate the species during the winter season. They burst open and develop in the spring. In some fresh-water sponges they serve to preserve the species during the dry season. See Illust. under Phylactol\'91mata.

Statocracy

Sta*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [State + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government by the state, or by political power, in distinction from government by ecclesiastical power. [R.] O. A. Brownson.

Statua

Stat"u*a (?), n. [L.] A statue. [Obs.]
They spake not a word; But, like dumb statuas or breathing stones, Gazed each on other. Shak.

Statuary

Stat"u*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Statuaries (#). [L. statuarius, n., fr. statuarius, a., of or belonging to statues, fr. statua statue: cf. F. statuaire. See Statue.]

1. One who practices the art of making statues.

On other occasions the statuaries took their subjects from the poets. Addison.

2. [L. statuaria (sc. ars): cf. F. statuaire.] The art of carving statues or images as representatives of real persons or things; a branch of sculpture. Sir W. Temple.

3. A collection of statues; statues, collectively.

Statue

Stat"ue (?), n. [F., fr. L. statua (akin to stativus standing still), fr. stare, statum, to stand. See Stand.]

1. The likeness of a living being sculptured or modeled in some solid substance, as marble, bronze, or wax; an image; as, a statue of Hercules, or of a lion.

I will raise her statue in pure gold. Shak.

2. A portrait. [Obs.] Massinger.

Statue

Stat"ue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Statued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Statuing.] To place, as a statue; to form a statue of; to make into a statue. "The whole man becomes as if statued into stone and earth." Feltham.

Statued

Stat"ued (?), a. Adorned with statues. "The statued hall." Longfellow. "Statued niches." G. Eliot.

Statueless

Stat"ue*less (?), a. Without a statue.

Statuelike

Stat"ue*like` (?), a. Like a statue; motionless.

Statuesque

Stat`u*esque" (?), a. Partaking of, or exemplifying, the characteristics of a statue; having the symmetry, or other excellence, of a statue artistically made; as, statuesquelimbs; a statuesque attitude.
Their characters are mostly statuesque even in this respect, that they have no background. Hare.

Statuesquely

Stat`u*esque"ly, adv. In a statuesque manner; in a way suggestive of a statue; like a statue.
A character statuesquely simple in its details. Lowell.

Statuette

Stat`u*ette" (?), n. [F., cf. It. statuetta.] A small statue; -- usually applied to a figure much less than life size, especially when of marble or bronze, or of plaster or clay as a preparation for the marble or bronze, as distinguished from a figure in terra cotta or the like. Cf. Figurine.

Statuminate

Sta*tu"mi*nate (?), v. t. [L. statuminatus, p.p. of statuminare to prop, fr. statumen a prop, fr. statuere to place.] To prop or support. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Stature

Stat"ure (?), n. [F. stature, OF. estature, from L. statura, originally, an upright posture, hence, height or size of the body, from stare, statum, to stand. See Stand.] The natural height of an animal body; -- generally used of the human body.
Foreign men of mighty stature came. Dryden.

Statured

Stat"ured (?), a. Arrived at full stature. [R.]

Status

Sta"tus (?), n. [L.] State; condition; position of affairs.

Status in quo, Status quo

Sta"tus in` quo" (?), Sta"tus quo". [L., state in which.] The state in which anything is already. The phrase is also used retrospectively, as when, on a treaty of place, matters return to the status quo ante bellum, or are left in statu quo ante bellum, i.e., the state (or, in the state) before the war.<-- usu. status quo -->

Statutable

Stat"u*ta*ble (?), a.

1. Made or introduced by statute; proceeding from an act of the legistature; as, a statutable provision or remedy.

2. Made or being in conformity to statute; standard; as, statutable measures.

Statutably

Stat"u*ta*bly, adv. Conformably to statute.

Statute

Stat"ute (?), n. [F. statut, LL. statutum, from L. statutus, p.p. of statuere to set, station, ordain, fr. status position, station, fr. stare, statum, to stand. See Stand, and cf. Constitute, Destitute.]

1. An act of the legislature of a state or country, declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something; a positive law; the written will of the legislature expressed with all the requisite forms of legislation; -- used in distinction fraom common law. See Common law, under Common, a. Bouvier. &hand; Statute is commonly applied to the acts of a legislative body consisting of representatives. In monarchies, legislature laws of the sovereign are called edicts, decrees, ordinances, rescripts, etc. In works on international law and in the Roman law, the term is used as embracing all laws imposed by competent authority. Statutes in this sense are divided into statutes real, statutes personal, and statutes mixed; statutes real applying to immovables; statutes personal to movables; and statutes mixed to both classes of property.

2. An act of a corporation or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule or law; as, the statutes of a university.

3. An assemblage of farming servants (held possibly by statute) for the purpose of being hired; -- called also statute fair. [Eng.] Cf. 3d Mop, 2. Halliwell.

Statute book, a record of laws or legislative acts. Blackstone. -- Statute cap, a kind of woolen cap; -- so called because enjoined to be worn by a statute, dated in 1571, in behalf of the trade of cappers. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Statute fair. See Statute, n., 3, above. -- Statute labor, a definite amount of labor required for the public service in making roads, bridges, etc., as in certain English colonies. -- Statute merchant (Eng. Law), a bond of record pursuant to the stat. 13 Edw. I., acknowledged in form prescribed, on which, if not paid at the day, an execution might be awarded against the body, lands, and goods of the debtor, and the obligee might hold the lands until out of the rents and profits of them the debt was satisfied; -- called also a pocket judgment. It is now fallen into disuse. Tomlins. Bouvier. -- Statute mile. See under Mile. -- Statute of limitations (Law), a statute assigned a certain time, after which rights can not be enforced by action. -- Statute staple, a bond of record acknowledged before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the creditor may, on nonpayment, forthwith have execution against the body, lands, and goods of the debtor, as in the statute merchant. It is now disused. Blackstone. Syn. -- Act; regulation; edict; decree. See Law.
Page 1407

Statutory

Stat"u*to*ry (?), a. Enacted by statute; depending on statute for its authority; as, a statutory provision.

Staunch, Staunchly, Staunchness

Staunch (?), Staunch"ly, Staunch"ness, etc. See Stanch, Stanchly, etc.

Staurolite

Stau"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A mineral of a brown to black color occurring in prismatic crystals, often twinned so as to form groups resembling a cross. It is a silicate of aluminia and iron, and is generally found imbedded in mica schist. Called also granatite, and grenatite.

Staurolitic

Stau`ro*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to staurolite; resembling or containing staurolite.

Stauroscope

Stau"ro*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Crystallog.) An optical instrument used in determining the position of the planes of light-vibration in sections of crystals.

Staurotide

Stau"ro*tide (?), n. [F. staurotide, from Gr. (Min.) Staurolite.

Stave

Stave (?), n. [From Staff, and corresponding to the pl. staves. See Staff.]

1. One of a number of narrow strips of wood, or narrow iron plates, placed edge to edge to form the sides, covering, or lining of a vessel or structure; esp., one of the strips which form the sides of a cask, a pail, etc.

2. One of the cylindrical bars of a lantern wheel; one of the bars or rounds of a rack, a ladder, etc.

3. A metrical portion; a stanza; a staff.

Let us chant a passing stave In honor of that hero brave. Wordsworth.

4. (Mus.) The five horizontal and parallel lines on and between which musical notes are written or pointed; the staff. [Obs.]

Stave jointer, a machine for dressing the edges of staves.

Stave

Stave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Staved (?) or Stove (; p. pr. & vb. n. Staving.] [From Stave, n., or Staff, n.]

1. To break in a stave or the staves of; to break a hole in; to burst; -- often with in; as, to stave a cask; to stave in a boat.

2. To push, as with a staff; -- with off.

The condition of a servant staves him off to a distance. South.

3. To delay by force or craft; to drive away; -- usually with off; as, to stave off the execution of a project.

And answered with such craft as women use, Guilty or guilties, to stave off a chance That breaks upon them perilously. Tennyson.

4. To suffer, or cause, to be lost by breaking the cask.

All the wine in the city has been staved. Sandys.

5. To furnish with staves or rundles. Knolles.

6. To render impervious or solid by driving with a calking iron; as, to stave lead, or the joints of pipes into which lead has been run.

To stave and tail, in bear baiting, (to stave) to interpose with the staff, doubtless to stop the bear; (to tail) to hold back the dog by the tail. Nares.

Stave

Stave, v. i. To burst in pieces by striking against something; to dash into fragments.
Like a vessel of glass she stove and sank. Longfellow.

Staves

Staves (?), n.; pl. of Staff. "Banners, scarves and staves." R. Browning. Also (st&amac;vz), pl. of Stave.

Stavesacre

Staves"a`cre (?), n. [Corrupted from NL. staphis agria, Gr. (Bot.) A kind of larkspur (Delphinium Staphysagria), and its seeds, which are violently purgative and emetic. They are used as a parasiticide, and in the East for poisoning fish.

Stavewood

Stave`wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall tree (Simaruba amara) growing in tropical America. It is one of the trees which yields quassia.

Staving

Stav"ing (?), n. A cassing or lining of staves; especially, one encircling a water wheel.

Staw

Staw (?), v. i. [Cf. Dan. staae to stand, Sw. st\'86. \'fb163.] To be fixed or set; to stay. [Prov. Eng.]

Stay

Stay (?), n. [AS. st\'91g, akin to D., G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. stag; cf. OF. estai, F. \'82tai, of Teutonic origin.] (Naut.) A large, strong rope, employed to support a mast, by being extended from the head of one mast down to some other, or to some part of the vessel. Those which lead forward are called fore-and-aft stays; those which lead to the vessel's side are called backstays. See Illust. of Ship. In stays, ∨ Hove in stays (Naut.), in the act or situation of staying, or going about from one tack to another. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Stay holes (Naut.), openings in the edge of a staysail through which the hanks pass which join it to the stay. -- Stay tackle (Naut.), a tackle attached to a stay and used for hoisting or lowering heavy articles over the side. -- To miss stays (Naut.), to fail in the attempt to go about. Totten. -- Triatic stay (Naut.), a rope secured at the ends to the heads of the foremast and mainmast with thimbles spliced to its bight into which the stay tackles hook.

Stay

Stay (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stayed (?) or Staid (; p. pr. & vb. n. Staying.] [OF. estayer, F. \'82tayer to prop, fr. OF. estai, F. \'82tai, a prop, probably fr. OD. stade, staeye, a prop, akin to E. stead; or cf. stay a rope to support a mast. Cf. Staid, a., Stay, v. i.]

1. To stop from motion or falling; to prop; to fix firmly; to hold up; to support.

Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the one on the one side, and the other on the other side. Ex. xvii. 12.
Sallows and reeds . . . for vineyards useful found To stay thy vines. Dryden.

2. To support from sinking; to sustain with strength; to satisfy in part or for the time.

He has devoured a whole loaf of bread and butter, and it has not staid his stomach for a minute. Sir W. Scott.

3. To bear up under; to endure; to support; to resist successfully.

She will not stay the siege of loving terms, Nor bide the encounter of assailing eyes. Shak.

4. To hold from proceeding; to withhold; to restrain; to stop; to hold.

Him backward overthrew and down him stayed With their rude hands grisly grapplement. Spenser.
All that may stay their minds from thinking that true which they heartly wish were false. Hooker.

5. To hinde

Your ships are stayed at Venice. Shak.
This business staid me in London almost a week. Evelyn.
I was willing to stay my reader on an argument that appeared to me new. Locke.

6. To remain for the purpose of; to wait for. "I stay dinner there." Shak.

7. To cause to cease; to put an end to.

Stay your strife. Shak.
For flattering planets seemed to say This child should ills of ages stay. Emerson.

8. (Engin.) To fasten or secure with stays; as, to stay a flat sheet in a steam boiler.

9. (Naut.) To tack, as a vessel, so that the other side of the vessel shall be presented to the wind.

To stay a mast (Naut.), to incline it forward or aft, or to one side, by the stays and backstays.

Stay

Stay (?), v. i. [\'fb163. See Stay to hold up, prop.]

1. To remain; to continue in a place; to abide fixed for a space of time; to stop; to stand still.

She would command the hasty sun to stay. Spenser.
Stay, I command you; stay and hear me first. Dryden.
I stay a little longer, as one stays To cover up the embers that still burn. Longfellow.

2. To continue in a state.

The flames augment, and stay At their full height, then languish to decay. Dryden.

3. To wait; to attend; to forbear to act.

I'll tell thee all my whole device When I am in my coach, which stays for us. Shak.
The father can not stay any longer for the fortune. Locke.

4. To dwell; to tarry; to linger.

I must stay a little on one action. Dryden.

5. To rest; to depend; to rely; to stand; to insist.

I stay here on my bond. Shak.
Ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon. Isa. xxx. 12.

6. To come to an end; to cease; as, that day the storm stayed. [Archaic]

Here my commission stays. Shak.

7. To hold out in a race or other contest; as, a horse stays well. [Colloq.]

8. (Naut.) To change tack; as a ship.

Stay

Stay, n. [Cf. OF. estai, F. \'82tai support, and E. stay a rope to support a mast.]

1. That which serves as a prop; a support. "My only strength and stay." Milton.

Trees serve as so many stays for their vines. Addison.
Lord Liverpool is the single stay of this ministry. Coleridge.

2. pl. A corset stiffened with whalebone or other material, worn by women, and rarely by men.

How the strait stays the slender waist constrain. Gay.

3. Continuance in a place; abode for a space of time; sojourn; as, you make a short stay in this city.

Make haste, and leave thy business and thy care; No mortal interest can be worth thy stay. Dryden.
Embrace the hero and his stay implore. Waller.

4. Cessation of motion or progression; stand; stop.

Made of sphere metal, never to decay Until his revolution was at stay. Milton.
Affairs of state seemed rather to stand at a stay. Hayward.

5. Hindrance; let; check. [Obs.]

They were able to read good authors without any stay, if the book were not false. Robynson (more's Utopia).

6. Restraint of passion; moderation; caution; steadiness; sobriety. [Obs.] "Not grudging that thy lust hath bounds and stays." Herbert.

The wisdom, stay, and moderation of the king. Bacon.
With prudent stay he long deferred The rough contention. Philips.

7. (Engin.) Strictly, a part in tension to hold the parts together, or stiffen them.

Stay bolt (Mech.), a bolt or short rod, connecting opposite plates, so as to prevent them from being bulged out when acted upon by a pressure which tends to force them apart, as in the leg of a steam boiler. -- Stay busk, a stiff piece of wood, steel, or whalebone, for the front support of a woman's stays. Cf. Busk. -- Stay rod, a rod which acts as a stay, particularly in a steam boiler.

Stayed

Stayed (?), a. Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid. Bacon. Pope.

Stayedly

Stayed"ly, adv. Staidly. See Staidly. [R.]

Stayedness

Stayed"ness, n.

1. Staidness. [Archaic] W. Whately.

2. Solidity; weight. [R.] Camden.

Stayer

Stay"er (?), n. One who upholds or supports that which props; one who, or that which, stays, stops, or restrains; also, colloquially, a horse, man, etc., that has endurance, an a race.

Staylace

Stay"lace` (?), n. A lace for fastening stays.

Stayless

Stay"less, a. Without stop or delay. Mir. for Mag.

Staymaker

Stay"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make stays.

Staynil

Stay"nil (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European starling. [Prov. Eng.]

Staysail

Stay"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) Any sail extended on a stay.

Stayship

Stay"ship` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remora, -- fabled to stop ships by attaching itself to them.

Stead

Stead (?), n. [OE. stede place, AS. stede; akin to LG. & D. stede, OS. stad, stedi, OHG. stat, G. statt, st\'84tte, Icel. sta&edh;r, Dan. sted, Sw. stad, Goth. sta, and E. stand. \'fb163. See Stand, and cf. Staith, Stithy.]

1. Place, or spot, in general. [Obs., except in composition.] Chaucer.

Fly, therefore, fly this fearful stead anon. Spenser.

2. Place or room which another had, has, or might have. "Stewards of your steads." Piers Plowman.

In stead of bounds, he a pillar set. Chaucer.

3. A frame on which a bed is laid; a bedstead. [R.]

The genial bed, Sallow the feet, the borders, and the stead. Dryden.

4. A farmhouse and offices. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] &hand; The word is now commonly used as the last part of a compound; as, farmstead, homestead, readstead, etc.

In stead of, in place of. See Instead. -- To stand in stead, ∨ To do stead, to be of use or great advantage.
The smallest act . . . shall stand us in great stead. Atterbury.
Here thy sword can do thee little stead. Milton.

Stead

Stead, v. t.

1. To help; to support; to benefit; to assist.

Perhaps my succour or advisement meet, Mote stead you much your purpose to subdue. Spenser.
It nothing steads us To chide him from our eaves. Shak.

2. To fill place of. [Obs.] Shak.

Steadfast

Stead"fast (?), a. [Stead + fast, that is, fast in place.] [Written also stedfast.]

1. Firmly fixed or established; fast fixed; firm. "This steadfast globe of earth." Spenser.

2. Not fickle or wavering; constant; firm; resolute; unswerving; steady. "Steadfast eye." Shak.

Abide steadfast unto him [thy neighbor] in the time of his trouble. Ecclus. xxii. 23.
Whom resist steadfast in the faith. 1 Pet. v. 9.

Steadfastly

Stead"fast*ly, adv. In a steadfast manner; firmly.
Steadfast believe that whatever God has revealed is infallibly true. Wake.

Steadfastness

Stead"fast*ness, n. The quality or state of being steadfast; firmness; fixedness; constancy. "The steadfastness of your faith." Col. ii. 5.
To prove her wifehood and her steadfastness. Chaucer.

Steadily

Stead"i*ly (?), adv. In a steady manner.

Steadiness

Stead"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being steady.
Steadiness is a point of prudence as well as of courage. L'Estrange.
Syn. -- Constancy; resolution; unchangeableness.

Steading

Stead"ing (?), n. The brans, stables, cattle-yards, etc., of a farm; -- called also onstead, farmstead, farm offices, or farmery. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Steady

Stead"y (?), a. [Compar. Steadier (?); superl. Steadiest.] [Cf. AS. stedig sterile, barren, st\'91, steady (in gest\'91), D. stedig, stadig, steeg, G. st\'84tig, stetig. See Stead, n.]

1. Firm in standing or position; not tottering or shaking; fixed; firm. "The softest, steadiest plume." Keble.

Their feet steady, their hands diligent, their eyes watchful, and their hearts resolute. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Constant in feeling, purpose, or pursuit; not fickle, changeable, or wavering; not easily moved or persuaded to alter a purpose; resolute; as, a man steady in his principles, in his purpose, or in the pursuit of an object.

3. Regular; constant; undeviating; uniform; as, the steady course of the sun; a steady breeze of wind. Syn. -- Fixed; regular; uniform; undeviating; invariable; unremitted; stable.

Steady rest (Mach), a rest in a turning lathe, to keep a long piece of work from trembling.

Steady

Stead"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steadied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Steadying.] To make steady; to hold or keep from shaking, reeling, or falling; to make or keep firm; to support; to make constant, regular, or resolute.

Steady

Stead"y, v. i. To become steady; to regain a steady position or state; to move steadily.
Without a breeze, without a tide, She steadies with upright keel. Coleridge.

Steak

Steak (?), n. [OE. steike, Icel. steik, akin to Icel. steikja to roast, stikna to be roasted or scorched, and E. stick, the steak being broiled on a spit. See Stick, v. t.] A slice of beef, broiled, or cut for broiling; -- also extended to the meat of other large animals; as, venison steak; bear steak; pork steak; turtle steak.

Steal

Steal (?), n. [See Stale a handle.] A handle; a stale, or stele. [Archaic or Prov. Eng.]
And in his hand a huge poleax did bear. Whose steale was iron-studded but not long. Spenser.

Steal

Steal (?), v. t. [imp. Stole (?); p. p. Stolen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stealing.] [OE. stelen, AS. stelan; akin to OFries. stela, D. stelen, OHG. stelan, G. stehlen, Icel. stela, SW. stj\'84la, Dan. sti\'91le, Goth. stilan.]

1. To take and carry away, feloniously; to take without right or leave, and with intent to keep wrongfully; as, to steal the personal goods of another.

Maugre thy heed, thou must for indigence Or steal, or borrow, thy dispense. Chaucer.

2. To withdraw or convey clandestinely (reflexive); hence, to creep furtively, or to insinuate.

They could insinuate and steal themselves under the same by their humble carriage and submission. Spenser.
He will steal himself into a man's favor. Shak.

3. To gain by insinuating arts or covert means.

So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. 2 Sam. xv. 6.

4. To get into one's power gradually and by imperceptible degrees; to take possession of by a gradual and imperceptible appropriation; -- with away.

Variety of objects has a tendency to steal away the mind from its steady pursuit of any subject. I. Watts.

5. To accomplish in a concealed or unobserved manner; to try to carry out secretly; as, to steal a look.

Always, when thou changest thine opinion or course, profess it plainly, . . . and do not think to steal it. Bacon.
The man who stole a goose and gave away the giblets in G. Eliot.
To steal a march, to march in a covert way; to gain an advantage unobserved; -- formerly followed by of, but now by on or upon, and sometimes by over; as, to steal a march upon one's political rivals.
She yesterday wanted to steal a march of poor Liddy. Smollett.
Fifty thousand men can not easily steal a march over the sea. Walpole.
Syn. -- To filch; pilfer; purloin; thieve.
Page 1408

Steal

Steal (?), v. i.

1. To practice, or be guilty of, theft; to commit larceny or theft.

Thou shalt not steal. Ex. xx. 15.

2. To withdraw, or pass privily; to slip in, along, or away, unperceived; to go or come furtively. Chaucer.

Fixed of mind to avoid further entreaty, and to fly all company, one night she stole away. Sir P. Sidney.
From whom you now must steal, and take no leave. Shak.
A soft and solemn breathing sound Rose like a steam of rich, distilled perfumes, And stole upon the air. Milton.

Stealer

Steal"er (?), n.

1. One who steals; a thief.

2. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which stops short of the stem or stern.

Stealing

Steal"ing, n.

1. The act of taking feloniously the personal property of another without his consent and knowledge; theft; larceny.

2. That which is stolen; stolen property; -- chiefly used in the plural.

Stealingly

Steal"ing*ly, adv. By stealing, or as by stealing, furtively, or by an invisible motion. Sir P. Sidney.

Stealth

Stealth (?), n. [OE. staple. See Steal, v. t.]

1. The act of stealing; theft. [Obs.]

The owner proveth the stealth to have been committed upon him by such an outlaw. Spenser.

2. The thing stolen; stolen property. [Obs.] "Sluttish dens . . . serving to cover stealths." Sir W. Raleigh.

3. The bringing to pass anything in a secret or concealed manner; a secret procedure; a clandestine practice or action; -- in either a good or a bad sense.

Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame. Pope.
The monarch, blinded with desire of wealth, With steel invades the brother's life by stealth. Dryden.
I told him of your stealth unto this wood. Shak.

Stealthful

Stealth"ful (?), a. Given to stealth; stealthy. [Obs.] -- Stealth"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Stealth"ful*ness, n. [Obs.]

Stealthily

Stealth"i*ly (?), adv. In a stealthy manner.

Stealthiness

Stealth"i*ness, n. The state, quality, or character of being stealthy; stealth.

Stealthlike

Stealth"like` (?), a. Stealthy; sly. Wordsworth.

Stealthy

Stealth"y (?), a. [Compar. Stealthier (?); superl. Stealthiest.] Done by stealth; accomplished clandestinely; unperceived; secret; furtive; sly.
[Withered murder] with his stealthy pace, . . . Moves like a ghost. Shak.

Steam

Steam (?), n. [OE. stem, steem, vapor, flame, AS. ste\'a0m vapor, smoke, odor; akin to D. stoom steam, perhaps originally, a pillar, or something rising like a pillar; cf. Gr. stand.]

1. The elastic, a\'89riform fluid into which water is converted when heated to the boiling points; water in the state of vapor.

2. The mist formed by condensed vapor; visible vapor; -- so called in popular usage.

3. Any exhalation. "A steam og rich, distilled perfumes." Milton.

Dry steam, steam which does not contain water held in suspension mechanically; -- sometimes applied to superheated steam. -- Exhaust steam. See under Exhaust. -- High steam, ∨ High-pressure steam, steam of which the pressure greatly exceeds that of the atmosphere. -- Low steam, ∨ Low-pressure steam, steam of which the pressure is less than, equal to, or not greatly above, that of the atmosphere. -- Saturated steam, steam at the temperature of the boiling point which corresponds to its pressure; -- sometimes also applied to wet steam. -- Superheated steam, steam heated to a temperature higher than the boiling point corresponding to its pressure. It can not exist in contact with water, nor contain water, and resembles a perfect gas; -- called also surcharged steam, anhydrous steam, and steam gas. -- Wet steam, steam which contains water held in suspension mechanically; -- called also misty steam. &hand; Steam is often used adjectively, and in combination, to denote, produced by heat, or operated by power, derived from steam, in distinction from other sources of power; as in steam boiler or steam-boiler, steam dredger or steam-dredger, steam engine or steam-engine, steam heat, steam plow or steam-plow, etc. Steam blower. (a) A blower for producing a draught consisting of a jet or jets of steam in a chimney or under a fire. (b) A fan blower driven directly by a steam engine. -- Steam boiler, a boiler for producing steam. See Boiler, 3, and Note. In the illustration, the shell a of the boiler is partly in section, showing the tubes, or flues, which the hot gases, from the fire beneath the boiler, enter, after traversing the outside of the shell, and through which the gases are led to the smoke pipe d, which delivers them to the chimney; b is the manhole; c the dome; e the steam pipe; f the feed and blow-off pipe; g the safety value; hthe water gauge. -- Steam car, a car driven by steam power, or drawn by a locomotive. -- Steam carriage, a carriage upon wheels moved on common roads by steam. -- Steam casing. See Steam jacket, under Jacket. -- Steam chest, the box or chamber from which steam is distributed to the cylinder of a steam engine, steam pump, etc., and which usually contains one or more values; -- called also valve chest, and valve box. See Illust. of Slide valve, under Slide. -- Steam chimney, an annular chamber around the chimney of a boiler furnace, for drying steam. -- Steam coil, a coil of pipe, or collection of connected pipes, for containing steam; -- used for heating, drying, etc. -- Steam colors (Calico Printing), colors in which the chemical reaction fixed the coloring matter in the fiber is produced by steam. -- Steam cylinder, the cylinder of a steam engine, which contains the piston. See Illust. of Slide valve, under Slide. -- Steam dome (Steam Boilers), a chamber upon the top of the boiler, from which steam is conduced to the engine. See Illust. of Steam boiler, above. -- Steam fire engine, a fire engine consisting of a steam boiler and engine, and pump which is driven by the engine, combined and mounted on wheels. It is usually drawn by horses, but is sometimes made self-propelling. -- Steam fitter, a fitter of steam pipes. -- Steam fitting, the act or the occupation of a steam fitter; also, a pipe fitting for steam pipes. -- Steam gas. See Superheated steam, above. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for indicating the pressure of the steam in a boiler. The mercurial steam gauge is a bent tube partially filled with mercury, one end of which is connected with the boiler while the other is open to the air, so that the steam by its pressure raises the mercury in the long limb of the tume to a height proportioned to that pressure. A more common form, especially for high pressures, consists of a spring pressed upon by the steam, and connected with the pointer of a dial. The spring may be a flattened, bent tube, closed at one end, which the entering steam tends to straighten, or it may be a diaphragm of elastic metal, or a mass of confined air, etc. -- Steam gun, a machine or contrivance from which projectiles may be thrown by the elastic force of steam. -- Steam hammer, a hammer for forging, which is worked directly by steam; especially, a hammer which is guided vertically and operated by a vertical steam cylinder located directly over an anvil. In the variety known as Nasmyth's, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammer is attached to the piston rod. In that known as Condie's, the piston is fixed, and the hammer attached to the lower end of the cylinder. -- Steam heater. (a) A radiator heated by steam. (b) An apparatus consisting of a steam boiler, radiator, piping, and fixures for warming a house by steam. -- Steam jacket. See under Jacket. -- Steam packet, a packet or vessel propelled by steam, and running periodically between certain ports. -- Steam pipe, any pipe for conveying steam; specifically, a pipe through which steam is supplied to an engine. -- Steam plow ∨ plough, a plow, or gang of plows, moved by a steam engine. -- Steam port, an opening for steam to pass through, as from the steam chest into the cylinder. -- Steam power, the force or energy of steam applied to produce results; power derived from a steam engine. -- Steam propeller. See Propeller. -- Steam pump, a small pumping engine operated by steam. It is usually direct-acting. -- Steam room (Steam Boilers), the space in the boiler above the water level, and in the dome, which contains steam. -- Steam table, a table on which are dishes heated by steam for keeping food warm in the carving room of a hotel, restaurant, etc. -- Steam trap, a self-acting device by means of which water that accumulates in a pipe or vessel containing steam will be discharged without permitting steam to escape. -- Steam tug, a steam vessel used in towing or propelling ships. -- Steam vessel, a vessel propelled by steam; a steamboat or steamship; -- a steamer. -- Steam whistle, an apparatus attached to a steam boiler, as of a locomotive, through which steam is rapidly discharged, producing a loud whistle which serves as a warning signal. The steam issues from a narrow annular orifice around the upper edge of the lower cup or hemisphere, striking the thin edge of the bell above it, and producing sound in the manner of an organ pipe or a common whistle.

Steam

Steam (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Steamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Steaming.]

1. To emit steam or vapor.

My brother's ghost hangs hovering there, O'er his warm blood, that steams into the air. Dryden.
Let the crude humors dance In heated brass, steaming with fire intence. J. Philips.

2. To rise in vapor; to issue, or pass off, as vapor.

The dissolved amber . . . steamed away into the air. Boyle.

3. To move or travel by the agency of steam.

The vessel steamed out of port. N. P. Willis.

4. To generate steam; as, the boiler steams well.

Steam

Steam (?), v. t.

1. To exhale. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To expose to the action of steam; to apply steam to for softening, dressing, or preparing; as, to steam wood; to steamcloth; to steam food, etc.

Steamboat

Steam"boat` (?), n. A boat or vessel propelled by steam power; -- generally used of river or coasting craft, as distinguished from ocean steamers.

Steamboating

Steam"boat`ing, n.

1. The occupation or business of running a steamboat, or of transporting merchandise, passengers, etc., by steamboats.

2. (Bookbinding) The shearing of a pile of books which are as yet uncovered, or out of boards. Knight.

Steam engine

Steam" en"gine (?). An engine moved by steam. &hand; In its most common forms its essential parts are a piston, a cylinder, and a valve gear. The piston works in the cylinder, to which steam is admitted by the action of the valve gear, and communicates motion to the machinery to be actuated. Steam engines are thus classified: 1. According to the wat the steam is used or applied, as condencing, noncondencing, compound, double-acting, single-acting, triple-expansion, etc. 2. According to the motion of the piston, as reciprocating, rotary, etc. 3. According to the motion imparted by the engine, as rotative and nonrotative. 4. According to the arrangement of the engine, as stationary, portable, and semiportable engines, beam engine, oscillating engine, direct-acting and back-acting engines, etc. 5. According to their uses, as portable, marine, locomotive, pumping, blowing, winding, and stationary engines. Locomotive and portable engines are usually high-pressure, noncondencing, rotative, and direct-acting. Marine engines are high or low pressure, rotative, and generally condencing, double-acting, and compound. Paddle engines are generally beam, sideScrew engines are generally direct-acting, back-acting, or oscillating. Stationary engines belong to various classes, but are generally rotative. A horizontal or inclined stationary steam engine is called a left-hand or a right-hand engine when the crank shaft and driving pulley are on the left-hand side, or the right-hand side, respectively, or the engine, to a person looking at them from the cylinder, and is said to run forward or backward when the crank traverses the upward half, or lower half, respectively, of its path, while the piston rod makes its stroke outward from the cylinder. A marine engine, or the engine of a locomotive, is said to run forward when its motion is such as would propel the vessel or the locomotive forward. Steam engines are further classified as double-cylinder, disk, semicylinder, trunk engines, etc. Machines, such as cranes, hammers, etc., of which the steam engine forms a part, are called steam cranes, steam hammers, etc. See Illustration in Appendix. Back-acting, ∨ Back-action, steam engine, a steam engine in which the motion is transmitted backward from the crosshead to a crank which is between the crosshead and the cylinder, or beyond the cylinder. -- Portable steam engine, a steam engine combined with, and attached to, a boiler which is mounted on wheels so as to admit of easy transportation; -- used for driving machinery in the field, as trashing machines, draining pumps, etc. -- Semiportable steam engine, a steam engine combined with, and attached to, a steam boiler, but not mounted on wheels.

Steamer

Steam"er (?), n.

1. A vessel propelled by steam; a steamship or steamboat.

2. A steam fire engine. See under Steam.

3. A road locomotive for use on common roads, as in agricultural operations.

4. A vessel in which articles are subjected to the action of steam, as in washing, in cookery, and in various processes of manufacture.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The steamer duck.

Steamer duck (Zo\'94l.), a sea duck (Tachyeres cinereus), native of Patagonia and Terra del Fuego, which swims and dives with great agility, but which, when full grown, is incapable of flight, owing to its very small wings. Called also loggerhead, race horse, and side wheel duck.

Steaminess

Steam"i*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being steamy; vaporousness; mistness.

Steamship

Steam"ship` (?), n. A ship or seagoing vessel propelled by the power of steam; a steamer.

Steamy

Steam"y (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, steam; full of steam; vaporous; misty. Cowper.

Stean

Stean (?), n. & v. See Steen. Spenser.

Steaningp

Stean"ingp, n. See Steening.

Steapsin

Ste*ap"sin (?), n. (Physiol Chem.) An unorganized ferment or enzyme present in pancreatic juice. It decomposes neutral fats into glycerin and fatty acids.

Stearate

Ste"a*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of stearic acid; as, ordinary soap consists largely of sodium or potassium stearates.
Page 1409

Stearic

Ste*ar"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. st\'82arique.] (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, stearin or tallow; resembling tallow. Stearic acid (Chem.), a monobasic fatty acid, obtained in the form of white crystalline scales, soluble in alcohol and ether. It melts to an oily liquid at 69\'f8C.<-- b.p. 383°. C18H36O2, CH3.(CH2)16.COOH; sodium stearate, with sodium palmitate, is the main component of ordinary bar soaps (Such as Ivory soap). -->

Stearin

Ste"a*rin (?), n. [Gr. st\'82arine.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of the constituents of animal fats and also of some vegetable fats, as the butter of cacao. It is especially characterized by its solidity, so that when present in considerable quantity it materially increases the hardness, or raises the melting point, of the fat, as in mutton tallow. Chemically, it is a compound of glyceryl with three molecules of stearic acid, and hence is technically called tristearin, or glyceryl tristearate.

Stearolic

Ste`a*rol"ic (?), a. [Stearic + oleic + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acetylene series, isologous with stearis acid, and obtained, as a white crystalline substance, from ole\'8bc acid.

Stearone

Ste"a*rone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of stearic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, (C17H35)2.CO, by the distillation of calcium stearate.

Stearoptene

Ste`a*rop"tene (?), n. [Stearic + -optene as in el\'91optene.] (Chem.) The more solid ingredient of certain volatile oils; -- contrasted with el\'91optene.

Stearrhea

Ste`ar*rhe"a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) seborrhea.

Stearyl

Ste"a*ryl (?), n. [Stearic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical characteristic of stearic acid.

Steatite

Ste"a*tite (?), n. [Gr. st\'82atite.] (Min.) A massive variety of talc, of a grayish green or brown color. It forms extensive beds, and is quarried for fireplaces and for coarse utensils. Called also potstone, lard stone, and soapstone.

Steatitic

Ste`a*tit"ic (?), n. (Min.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, steatite; containing or resembling steatite.

Steatoma

Ste`a*to"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A cyst containing matter like suet.

Steatomatous

Ste`a*tom"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of the nature of steatoma.

Steatopyga

Ste`a*top"y*ga (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A remarkable accretion of fat upon the buttocks of Africans of certain tribes, especially of Hottentot women.

Steatopygous

Ste`a*top"y*gous (?), a. Having fat buttocks.
Specimens of the steatopygous Abyssinian breed. Burton.

Sted, n., Stedfast Sted (?), n., Sted"fast (, a., Sted"fast*ly, adv., etc. See Stead, Steadfast, etc.

Stee

Stee (?), n. [Cf. G. stiege. \'fb164. See Stair.] A ladder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] [Written also stey.]

Steed

Steed (?), n. [OE. stede, AS. st\'c7da a stud-horse, war horse, fr. st\'d3d a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, st\'d3, a stud. \'fb163. See Stud of horses.] A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. "A knight upon a steed." Chaucer.
Mounted upon a hot and fiery steed. Shak.

Steedless

Steed"less, a. Having no steed; without a horse.

Steek, Steik

Steek, Steik (?), v. t. [Cf. Stick, v. t.] To pierce with a sharp instrument; hence, to stitch; to sew; also, to fix; to fasten. [Scot.]

Steel

Steel (?), n. [AS. st\'c7l, st\'dfl, st\'dfle; akin to D. staal, G. stahl, OHG. stahal, Icel. st\'bel, Dan. staal, Sw. st\'86l, Old Prussian stakla.]

1. (Metal) A variety of iron intermediate in composition and properties between wrought iron and cast iron (containing between one half of one per cent and one and a half per cent of carbon), and consisting of an alloy of iron with an iron carbide. Steel, unlike wrought iron, can be tempered, and retains magnetism. Its malleability decreases, and fusibility increases, with an increase in carbon.

2. An instrument or implement made of steel; as: -- (a) A weapon, as a sword, dagger, etc. "Brave Macbeth . . . with his brandished steel." Shak.

While doubting thus he stood, Received the steel bathed in his brother's blood. Dryden.
(b) An instrument of steel (usually a round rod) for sharpening knives. (c) A piece of steel for striking sparks from flint.

3. Fig.: Anything of extreme hardness; that which is characterized by sternness or rigor. "Heads of steel." Johnson. "Manhood's heart of steel." Byron.

4. (Med.) A chalybeate medicine. Dunglison. &hand; Steel is often used in the formation of compounds, generally of obvious meaning; as, steel-clad, steel-girt, steel-hearted, steel-plated, steel-pointed, etc.

Bessemer steel (Metal.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Blister steel. (Metal.) See under Blister. -- Cast steel (Metal.), a fine variety of steel, originally made by smelting blister or cementation steel; hence, ordinarily, steel of any process of production when remelted and cast. -- Cromium steel (Metal.), a hard, tenacious variety containing a little cromium, and somewhat resembling tungsten steel. -- Mild steel (Metal.), a kind of steel having a lower proportion of carbon than ordinary steel, rendering it softer and more malleable. -- Puddled steel (Metal.), a variety of steel produced from cast iron by the puddling process. -- Steel duck (Zo\'94l.), the goosander, or merganser. [Prov. Eng.] -- Steel mill. (a) (Firearms) See Wheel lock, under Wheel. (b) A mill which has steel grinding surfaces. (c) A mill where steel is manufactured. -- Steel trap, a trap for catching wild animals. It consists of two iron jaws, which close by means of a powerful steel spring when the animal disturbs the catch, or tongue, by which they are kept open. -- Steel wine, wine, usually sherry, in which steel filings have been placed for a considerable time, -- used as a medicine. -- Tincture of steel (Med.), an alcoholic solution of the chloride of iron. -- Tungsten steel (Metal.), a variety of steel containing a small amount of tungsten, and noted for its tenacity and hardness, as well as for its malleability and tempering qualities. It is also noted for its magnetic properties.

Steel

Steel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Steeling.] [AS. stlan: cf. Icel. st\'91la. See Steel, n.]

1. To overlay, point, or edge with steel; as, to steel a razor; to steel an ax.

2. To make hard or strong; hence, to make insensible or obdurate.

Lies well steeled with weighty arguments. Shak.
O God of battles! steel my soldier's hearts. Shak.
Why will you fight against so sweet a passion, And steel your heart to such a world of charms? Addison.

3. Fig.: To cause to resemble steel, as in smoothness, polish, or other qualities.

These waters, steeled By breezeless air to smoothest polish. Wordsworth.

4. (Elec.) To cover, as an electrotype plate, with a thin layer of iron by electrolysis. The iron thus deposited is very hard, like steel.

Steelbow goods

Steel"bow` goods" (?). (Scots Law) Those goods on a farm, such as corn, cattle, implements husbandry, etc., which may not be carried off by a removing tenant, as being the property of the landlord.

Steeler

Steel"er (?), n. One who points, edges, or covers with steel.

Steeler

Steel"er, n. (Shipbuilding) Same as Stealer.

Steelhead

Steel"head` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A North Pacific salmon (Salmo Gairdneri) found from Northern California to Siberia; -- called also hardhead, and preesil.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The ruddy duck.

Steeliness

Steel"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being steely.

Steeling

Steel"ing, n. The process of pointing, edging, or overlaying with steel; specifically, acierage. See Steel, v.

Steely

Steel"y (?), a.

1. Made of steel; consisting of steel. "The steely point of Clifford's lance." Shak.

Around his shop the steely sparkles flew. Gay.

2. Resembling steel; hard; firm; having the color of steel. "His hair was steely gray." The Century.

She would unarm her noble heart of that steely resistance against the sweet blows of love. Sir P. Sidney.
Steely iron, a compound of iron containing less than one half of one per cent of carbon.

Steelyard

Steel"yard (?), n. [So named from a place in London called the Steelyard, which was a yard in which steel was sold.] A form of balance in which the body to be weighed is suspended from the shorter arm of a lever, which turns on a fulcrum, and a counterpoise is caused to slide upon the longer arm to produce equilibrium, its place upon this arm (which is notched or graduated) indicating the weight; a Roman balance; -- very commonly used also in the plural form, steelyards.

Steem

Steem (?), n. & v. See Esteem. [Obs.] Spenser.

Steem

Steem, n. & v. See 1st and 2nd Stem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Steen

Steen (?), n. [AS. st. See Stone.] [Written also stean.]

1. A vessel of clay or stone. "An huge great earth-pot steane." Spenser.

2. A wall of brick, stone, or cement, used as a lining, as of a well, cistern, etc.; a steening.

Steen

Steen, v. t. [AS. st to adorn with stones or gems. See Stone.] To line, as a well, with brick, stone, or other hard material. [Written also stean, and stein.]

Steenbok

Steen"bok` (?), n. [D. steen stone + bok buck.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Steinbock.

Steening

Steen"ing, n. A lining made of brick, stone, or other hard material, as for a well. [Written also steaning.]

Steenkirk, Steinkirk

Steen"kirk` (?), Stein"kirk` (?), n. [So called from the battle of Steinkirk, in 1692, on which occasion the French nobles had no time to arrange their lace neckcloths.] A kind of neckcloth worn in a loose and disorderly fashion.

Steep

Steep (st&emac;p), a. Bright; glittering; fiery. [Obs.]
His eyen steep, and rolling in his head. Chaucer.

Steep

Steep, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steeped (st&emac;pt); p. pr. & vb. n. Steeping.] [OE. stepen, probably fr. Icel. steypa to cause to stoop, cast down, pour out, to cast metals, causative of st&umac;pa to stoop; cf. Sw. st\'94pa to cast, to steep, Dan. st\'94be, D. & G. stippen to steep, to dip. Cf. Stoop, v. t.] To soak in a liquid; to macerate; to extract the essence of by soaking; as, to soften seed by steeping it in water. Often used figuratively.
Let fancy still my sense in Lethe steep. Shak.
In refreshing dew to steep The little, trembling flowers. Wordsworth.
The learned of the nation were steeped in Latin. Earle.

Steep

Steep, v. i. To undergo the process of soaking in a liquid; as, the tea is steeping. [Colloq.]

Steep

Steep, n.

1. Something steeped, or used in steeping; a fertilizing liquid to hasten the germination of seeds.

2. A rennet bag. [Prov. Eng.]

Steep

Steep, a. [Comper. Steeper (?); superl. Steepest.] [OE. steep, step, AS. ste\'a0p; akin to Icel. steyp steep, and st&umac;pa to stoop, Sw. stupa to fall, to tilt; cf. OFries. stap high. Cf. Stoop, v. i., Steep, v. t., Steeple.]

1. Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon; ascending or descending rapidly with respect to a horizontal line or a level; precipitous; as, a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep declivity; a steep barometric gradient.

2. Difficult of access; not easy reached; lofty; elevated; high. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. Excessive; as, a steep price. [Slang]

Steep

Steep, n. A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock, or ascent; any elevated object sloping with a large angle to the plane of the horizon; a precipice. Dryden.
We had on each side naked rocks and mountains broken into a thousand irregular steeps and precipices. Addison.
Bare steeps, where desolation stalks. Wordsworth.

Steep-down

Steep"-down` (?), a. Deep and precipitous, having steep descent. [R.]
Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire. Shak.

Steepen

Steep"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Steepened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Steepening.] To become steep or steeper.
As the way steepened . . . I could detect in the hollow of the hill some traces of the old path. H. Miller.

Steeper

Steep"er (?), n. A vessel, vat, or cistern, in which things are steeped.

Steepiness

Steep"i*ness (?), n. Steepness. Howell.

Steepish

Steep"ish, a. Somewhat steep. Carlyle.

Steeple

Stee"ple (?), n. [OE. stepel, AS. st\'c7pel, st; akin to E. steep, a.] (Arch.) A spire; also, the tower and spire taken together; the whole of a structure if the roof is of spire form. See Spire. "A weathercock on a steeple." Shak. Rood steeple. See Rood tower, under Rood. -- Steeple bush (Bot.), a low shrub (Spir\'91a tomentosa) having dense panicles of minute rose-colored flowers; hardhack. -- Steeple chase, a race across country between a number of horsemen, to see which can first reach some distant object, as a church steeple; hence, a race over a prescribed course obstructed by such obstacles as one meets in riding across country, as hedges, walls, etc. -- Steeple chaser, one who rides in a steeple chase; also, a horse trained to run in a steeple chase. -- Steeple engine, a vertical back-acting steam engine having the cylinder beneath the crosshead. -- Steeple house, a church. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Steeplechasing

Stee"ple*chas`ing (?), n. The act of riding steeple chases.

Steeple-crowned

Stee"ple-crowned` (?), a.

1. Bearing a steeple; as, a steeple-crowned building.

2. Having a crown shaped like a steeple; as, a steeple-crowned hat; also, wearing a hat with such a crown.

This grave, beared, sable-cloaked, and steeple-crowned progenitor. Hawthorne.

Steepled

Stee"pled (?), a. Furnished with, or having the form of, a steeple; adorned with steeples. Fairfax.

Steeply

Steep"ly (?), adv. In a steep manner; with steepness; with precipitous declivity.

Steepness

Steep"ness, n.

1. Quality or state of being steep; precipitous declivity; as, the steepnessof a hill or a roof.

2. Height; loftiness. [Obs.] Chapman.

Steep-up

Steep"-up` (?), a. Lofty and precipitous. [R.]
Her stand she takes upon a steep-up hill. Shak.

Steepy

Steep"y (?), a. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]
No more, my goats, shall I belong you climb The steepy cliffs, or crop the flow'ry thyme. Dryden.

Steer

Steer (?), n. [OE. steer, AS. ste\'a2r; akin to D. & G. stier a bull, OHG. stior, Icel. stj\'d3rr, , Sw. tjur, Dan. tyr, Goth. stiur, Russ. tur', Pol. tur, Ir. & Gael. tarbh, W. tarw, L. taurus, Gr. sth strong, stout, AS. stor large, Icel. st\'d3rr, OHG. st, stiuri. \'fb168. Cf. Stirk, Taurine, a.] A young male of the ox kind; especially, a common ox; a castrated taurine male from two to four years old. See the Note under Ox.

Steer

Steer, v. t. To castrate; -- said of male calves.

Steer

Steer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Steered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Steering.] [OE. steeren, steren, AS. sti\'82ran, st, ste\'a2ran; akin to OFries. stiora, stiura, D. sturen, OD. stieren, G. steuren, OHG. stiuren to direct, support, G. steuer contribution, tax, Icel. st to steer, govern,Sw. styra, Dan. styre, Goth. stiurjan to establish, AS. ste\'a2r a rudder, a helm, and probably to Icel. staurr a pale, stake, Gr. stand. \'fb168. Cf. Starboard, Stern, n.] To direct the course of; to guide; to govern; -- applied especially to a vessel in the water.
That with a staff his feeble steps did steer. Spenser.

Steer

Steer, v. i.

1. To direct a vessel in its course; to direct one's course. "No helmsman steers." Tennyson.

2. To be directed and governed; to take a direction, or course; to obey the helm; as, the boat steers easily.

Where the wind Veers oft, as oft [a ship] so steers, and shifts her sail. Milton.

3. To conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course of action.

Steer

Steer, n. [AS. ste\'a2r, sti\'a2r; akin to D. stuur, G. steuer, Icel. st. \'fb186. See Steer, v. t.] [Written also stere.] A rudder or helm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Steer

Steer, n. [AS. ste\'a2ra. See Steer a rudder.] A helmsman, a pilot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Steerable

Steer"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being steered; dirigible.

Steerage

Steer"age (?), n.

1. The act or practice of steering, or directing; as, the steerage of a ship.

He left the city, and, in a most tempestuous season, forsook the helm and steerage of the common wealth. Milton.

2. (Naut.) (a) The effect of the helm on a ship; the manner in which an individual ship is affected by the helm. (b) The hinder part of a vessel; the stern. [R.] Swift. (c) Properly, the space in the after part of a vessel, under the cabin, but used generally to indicate any part of a vessel having the poorest accommodations and occupied by passengers paying the lowest rate of fare.

3. Direction; regulation; management; guidance.

He that hath the steerage of my course. Shak.

4. That by which a course is directed. [R.]

Here he hung on high, The steerage of his wings. Dryden.
Steerage passenger, a passenger who takes passage in the steerage of a vessel.

Steerageway

Steer"age*way` (?), n. (Naut.) A rate of motion through the water sufficient to render a vessel governable by the helm.

Steerer

Steer"er (?), n. One who steers; as, a boat steerer.

Steering

Steer"ing, a. & n. from Steer, v. Steering wheel (Naut.), the wheel by means of which the rudder of a vessel is turned and the vessel is steered.

Steerless

Steer"less, a. Having no rudder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Steerling

Steer"ling (?), n. A young small steer.
Page 1410

Steersman

Steers"man (?), n.; pl. Steersmen (#). [Steer a rudder + man: cf. AS. ste\'a2rman.] One who steers; the helmsman of a vessel. Milton.

Steersmate

Steers"mate (?), n. [Steer a rudder + mate a companion.] One who steers; steersman. [Obs.] Milton.

Steeve

Steeve (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Steeved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Steeving.] [Cf. OD. steve staff, E. stem, n.] (Shipbuilding) To project upward, or make an angle with the horizon or with the line of a vessel's keel; -- said of the bowsprit, etc.

Steeve

Steeve, v. t.

1. (Shipbuilding) To elevate or fix at an angle with the horizon; -- said of the bowsprit, etc.

2. To stow, as bales in a vessel's hold, by means of a steeve. See Steeve, n. (b).

Steeve

Steeve, n. (Naut.) (a) The angle which a bowsprit makes with the horizon, or with the line of the vessel's keel; -- called also steeving. (b) A spar, with a block at one end, used in stowing cotton bales, and similar kinds of cargo which need to be packed tightly.

Steeving

Steev"ing, n.

1. The act or practice of one who steeves.

2. (Naut.) See Steeve, n. (a).

Steg

Steg (?), n. [Icel. steggr the male of several animals. Cf. Stag.] (Zo\'94l.) A gander. [Written also stag.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Steganographist

Steg`a*nog"ra*phist (?), n. One skilled in steganography; a cryptographer.

Steganography

Steg`a*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] The art of writing in cipher, or in characters which are not intelligible except to persons who have the key; cryptography.

Steganophthalmata

Steg`a*noph*thal"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Discophora, or Phanerocarp\'91. Called also Steganophthalmia.

Steganopod

Ste*gan"o*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Steganopodes.

Steganopodes

Steg`a*nop"o*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of swimming birds in which all four toes are united by a broad web. It includes the pelicans, cormorants, gannets, and others.

Steganopodous

Steg`a*nop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having all four toes webbed together.

Stegnosis

Steg*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Stegnotic.] (Med.) Constipation; also, constriction of the vessels or ducts.

Stegnotic

Steg*no"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Tending to render costive, or to diminish excretions or discharges generally. -- n. A stegnotic medicine; an astringent.

Stegocephala

Steg`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct order of amphibians found fossil in the Mesozoic rocks; called also Stegocephali, and Labyrinthodonta. &hand; Their teeth, in transverse sections, usually show a labyrinthiform arrangement of the cement and dentine. The under side of the body was covered with bony plates. Some of the Stegocephala were of very large size, and the form of the body varied from short, stout forms to others that were as slender as serpents.

Stegosauria

Steg`o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Stegosaurus.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs, including the genera Stegosaurus, Omosaurus, and their allies.

Stegosaurus

Steg`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of large Jurassic dinosaurs remarkable for a powerful dermal armature of plates and spines.

Steik

Steik (?), v. t. See Steek. [Scot.]

Stein

Stein (?), n. & v. See Steen.

Steinbock

Stein"bock` (?), n. [G. stein stone + bock buck, D. bok. Cf. Steenbok.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European ibex. (b) A small South African antelope (Nanotragus tragulus) which frequents dry, rocky districts; -- called also steenbok. [Written also steinboc, and steinbok; also called stonebock, and stonebuck.]

Steingale

Stein"gale (?), n. The stannel. [Prov. Eng.]

Steining

Stein"ing (?), n. See Steening.

Steinkirk

Stein"kirk` (?), n. Same as Steenkirk.

Steinkle

Stein"kle (?), n. The wheater. [Prov. Eng.]

Stela

Ste"la (?), n.; pl. Stel\'91 (#). [L., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A small column or pillar, used as a monument, milestone, etc.

Stele

Ste"le (?), n. [NL.] Same as Stela.
One of these steles, containing the Greek version of the ordinance, has recently been discovered. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

Stele

Stele (?), n. [See Stale a handle.] A stale, or handle; a stalk. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holland.

Stelene

Ste"lene (?), a. [See Stela.] Resembling, or used as, a stela; columnar. [R.]

Stell

Stell (?), v. t. [AS. stellan. \'fb163.] To place or fix firmly or permanently. [Obs.] Shak.

Stell

Stell, n. [See Stell, v. t.]

1. A prop; a support, as for the feet in standing or cilmbing. [Scot.]

2. A partial inclosure made by a wall or trees, to serve as a shelter for sheep or cattle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Stellar, Stellary

Stel"lar (?), Stel"la*ry (?), a. [L. stellaris, fr. stella a star. See Star.]

1. Of or pertaining to stars; astral; as, a stellar figure; stellary orbs.

[These soft fires] in part shed down Their stellar virtue. Milton.

2. Full of stars; starry; as, stellar regions.

Stellate, Stellated

Stel"late (?), Stel"la*ted (?), a. [L. stellatus, p.p. of stellare to set or cover with stars, from stella a star. See Stellar.]

1. Resembling a star; pointed or radiated, like the emblem of a star.

2. (Bot.) Starlike; having similar parts radiating from a common center; as, stellate flowers.

Stellation

Stel*la"tion (?), n. Radiation of light. [Obs.]

Stelled

Stelled (?), a. [See Stell to place.] Firmly placed or fixed. [Obs.] "The stelled fires" [the stars]. Shak. [In this passage by some defined as "starry," as if from stellatus.]

Steller

Stel"ler (?), n. [After Geo. W.Steller, a German naturalist.] (Zo\'94l) The rytina; -- called also stellerine.

Stellerid

Stel"ler*id (?), n. [L. stella a star.] (Zo\'94l.) A starfish.

Stellerida

Stel*ler"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive group of echinoderms, comprising the starfishes and ophiurans.

Stelleridan, Stelleridean

Stel*ler"i*dan (?), Stel`ler*id"e*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A starfish, or brittle star.

Stelliferous

Stel*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. stellifer; stella star + ferre 8bear.] Having, or abounding with, stars.

Stelliform

Stel"li*form (?), a. [L. stella a star + -form.] Like a star; star-shaped; radiated.

Stellify

Stel"li*fy (?), v. t. [L. stella a star + -fy.] To turn into a star; to cause to appear like a star; to place among the stars, or in heaven. [Obs. or R.] B. Jonson.

Stellion

Stel"lion (?), n. [L. stellio a newt having starlike spots on its back, fr. stella a star.] (Zo\'94l.) A lizard (Stellio vulgaris), common about the Eastern Mediterranean among ruins. In color it is olive-green, shaded with black, with small stellate spots. Called also hardim, and star lizard.

Stellionate

Stel"lion*ate (?), n. [L. stellionatus cozenage, trickery, fr. stellio a newt, a crafty, knavish person.] (Scots & Roman Law) Any fraud not distinguished by a more special name; -- chiefly applied to sales of the same property to two different persons, or selling that for one's own which belongs to another, etc. Erskine.

Stellular

Stel"lu*lar (?), a. [L. stellula, dim. of stella a star.]

1. Having the shape or appearance of little stars; radiated.

2. Marked with starlike spots of color.

Stellulate

Stel"lu*late (?), a. (Bot.) Minutely stellate.

Stelmatopoda

Stel`ma*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gymnol\'91mata.

Stelography

Ste*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. Gr. The art of writing or inscribing characters on pillars. [R.] Stackhouse.

Stem, Steem

Stem (?), Steem (?), v. i. To gleam. [Obs.]
His head bald, that shone as any glass, . . . [And] stemed as a furnace of a leed [caldron]. Chaucer.

Stem, Steem

Stem, Steem, n. A gleam of light; flame. [Obs.]

Stem

Stem (?), n. [AS. stemn, stefn, st\'91fn; akin to OS. stamn the stem of a ship, D. stam stem, steven stem of a ship, G. stamm stem, steven stem of a ship, Icel. stafn, stamn, stem of a ship, stofn, stomn, stem, Sw. stam a tree trunk, Dan. stamme. Cf. Staff, Stand.]

1. The principal body of a tree, shrub, or plant, of any kind; the main stock; the part which supports the branches or the head or top.

After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the stem. Sir W. Raleigh.
The lowering spring, with lavish rain, Beats down the slender stem and breaded grain. Dryden.

2. A little branch which connects a fruit, flower, or leaf with a main branch; a peduncle, pedicel, or petiole; as, the stem of an apple or a cherry.

3. The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors. "All that are of noble stem." Milton.

While I do pray, learn here thy stem And true descent. Herbert.

4. A branch of a family.

This is a stem Of that victorious stock. Shak.

5. (Naut.) A curved piece of timber to which the two sides of a ship are united at the fore end. The lower end of it is scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests upon its upper end. Hence, the forward part of a vessel; the bow.

6. Fig.: An advanced or leading position; the lookout.

Wolsey sat at the stem more than twenty years. Fuller.

7. Anything resembling a stem or stalk; as, the stem of a tobacco pipe; the stem of a watch case, or that part to which the ring, by which it is suspended, is attached.

8. (Bot.) That part of a plant which bears leaves, or rudiments of leaves, whether rising above ground or wholly subterranean.

9. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The entire central axis of a feather. (b) The basal portion of the body of one of the Pennatulacea, or of a gorgonian.

10. (Mus.) The short perpendicular line added to the body of a note; the tail of a crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, etc.

11. (Gram.) The part of an inflected word which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) throughout a given inflection; theme; base.

From stem to stern (Naut.), from one end of the ship to the other, or through the whole length. -- Stem leaf (Bot.), a leaf growing from the stem of a plant, as contrasted with a basal or radical leaf.

Stem

Stem, v. t.

1. To remove the stem or stems from; as, to stem cherries; to remove the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from; as, to stem tobacco leaves.

2. To ram, as clay, into a blasting hole.

Stem

Stem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stemming.] [Either from stem, n., or akin to stammer; cf. G. stemmen to press against.] To oppose or cut with, or as with, the stem of a vessel; to resist, or make progress against; to stop or check the flow of, as a current. "An argosy to stem the waves." Shak.
[They] stem the flood with their erected breasts. Denham.
Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.

Stem

Stem, v. i. To move forward against an obstacle, as a vessel against a current.
Stemming nightly toward the pole. Milton.

Stem-clasping

Stem"-clasp`ing (?), a. (Bot.) Embracing the stem with its base; amplexicaul; as a leaf or petiole.

Stemless

Stem"less, a. Having no stem; (Bot.) acaulescent.

Stemlet

Stem"let (?), n. A small or young stem.

Stemma

Stem"ma (?), n.; pl. Stemmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the ocelli of an insect. See Ocellus. (b) One of the facets of a compound eye of any arthropod.

Stemmer

Stem"mer (?), n. One who, or that which, stems (in any of the senses of the verbs).

Stemmery

Stem"mer*y (?), n. A large building in which tobacco is stemmed. [U. S.] Bartlett.

Stemmy

Stem"my (?), a. Abounding in stems, or mixed with stems; -- said of tea, dried currants, etc. [Colloq.]

Stemple

Stem"ple (?), n. [G. stempel a stamp, a prop, akin to E. stamp.] (Mining) A crossbar of wood in a shaft, serving as a step.

Stemson

Stem"son (?), n. [See Stem, n., and Keelson, and cf. Sternson.] (Shipbuilding) A piece of curved timber bolted to the stem, keelson, and apron in a ship's frame near the bow.

Stem-winder

Stem"-wind`er (?), n. A stem-winding watch. [Colloq.] <-- Fig. anything of superior quality, as was attributed to the stem-winding watch; esp. used to describe a stirring speech, as in the phrase "a stem-winder of a speech" or "delivered as stem-winder". -->

Stem-winding

Stem"-wind`ing, a. Wound by mechanism connected with the stem; as, a stem-winding watch.

Stench

Stench (?), v. t. To stanch. [Obs.] Harvey.

Stench

Stench, n. [AS. stenc a strong smell, fr. stincan. See Stink, v. i.]

1. A smell; an odor. [Obs.]

Clouds of savory stench involve the sky. Dryden.

2. An ill smell; an offensive odor; a stink. Cowper.

Stench trap, a contrivance to prevent stench or foul air from rising from the openings of sewers, drains, etc.

Stench

Stench, v. t. [AS. stencan to emit a smell, fr. stincan to smell. See Stench, n.] To cause to emit a disagreeable odor; to cause to stink. [Obs.] Young.

Stenchy

Stench"y (?), a. Having a stench. [Obs.] Dyer.

Stencil

Sten"cil (?), n. [Probably from OF. estincelle spangle, spark, F. \'82tincelle spark, L. scintilla. See Scintillate, and cf. Tinsel.] A thin plate of metal, leather, or other material, used in painting, marking, etc. The pattern is cut out of the plate, which is then laid flat on the surface to be marked, and the color brushed over it. Called also stencil plate.

Stencil

Sten"cil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stenciled (?) or Stencilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stenciling or Stencilling.] To mark, paint, or color in figures with stencils; to form or print by means of a stencil.

Stenciler

Sten"cil*er (?), n. One who paints or colors in figures by means of stencil. [Written also stenciller.]

Stenoderm

Sten"o*derm (?), n. [Gr. -derm.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of bat belonging to the genus Stenoderma, native of the West Indies and South America. These bats have a short or rudimentary tail and a peculiarly shaped nose membrane.

Stenodermine

Sten`o*der"mine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Stenoderma, which includes several West Indian and South American nose-leaf bats.

Stenograph

Sten"o*graph (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stenographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stenographing (?).] To write or report in stenographic characters.

Stenograph

Sten"o*graph, n. A production of stenography; anything written in shorthand.
I saw the reporters' room, in which they redact their hasty stenographs. Emerson.

Stenographer

Ste*nog"ra*pher (?), n. One who is skilled in stenography; a writer of shorthand.

Stenographic, Stenographical

Sten`o*graph"ic (?), Sten`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. st\'82nographique.] Of or pertaining to stenography.

Stenographist

Ste*nog"ra*phist (?), n. A stenographer.

Stenography

Ste*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. graphy: cf. F. st\'82nographie, G. stenographie.] The art of writing in shorthand, by using abbreviations or characters for whole words; shorthand.

Stenophyllous

Ste*noph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having narrow leaves.

Stenosis

Ste*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A narrowing of the opening or hollow of any passage, tube, or orifice; as, stenosis of the pylorus. It differs from stricture in being applied especially to diffused rather than localized contractions, and in always indicating an origin organic and not spasmodic.

Stenostome

Sten"o*stome (?), a. [Gr. steno`s narrow, little + sto`ma mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a small or narrow mouth; -- said of certain small ground snakes (Opoterodonta), which are unable to dilate their jaws.

Stent

Stent (?), v. t. [Obs. imp. Stente (?); obs. p. p. Stent.] [See Stint.] To keep within limits; to restain; to cause to stop, or cease; to stint.
Then would he weep, he might not be stent. Chaucer.
Yet n'ould she stent Her bitter railing and foul revilement. Spenser.

Stent

Stent, v. i. To stint; to stop; to cease.
And of this cry they would never stenten. Chaucer.

Stent

Stent, n. An allotted portion; a stint. "Attain'd his journey's stent." Mir. for Mag.

Stenting

Stent"ing, n. An opening in a wall in a coal mine. [Written also stenton.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Stentor

Sten"tor (?), n. [L. Stentor, Gr.

1. A herald, in the Iliad, who had a very loud voice; hence, any person having a powerful voice.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of ciliated Infusoria belonging to the genus Stentor and allied genera, common in fresh water. The stentors have a bell-shaped, or cornucopia-like, body with a circle of cilia around the spiral terminal disk. See Illust. under Heterotricha.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A howling monkey, or howler.

Page 1411

Stentorian

Sten*to"ri*an (?), a. [L. stentoreus; cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to a stentor; extremely loud; powerful; as, a stentorian voice; stentorian lungs.

Stentorin

Sten"to*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A blue coloring matter found in some stentors. See Stentor, 2.

Stentorious

Sten*to"ri*ous (?), a. Stentorian. [R.]

Stentoronic

Sten`to*ron"ic (?), a. Stentorian. [Obs.]

Stentorophonic

Sten`to*ro*phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. Stentor.] Speaking or sounding very loud; stentorian. [Obs.]
Of this stentorophonic horn of Alexander there is a preserved in the Vatican. Derham.

Step

Step (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stepped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stepping.] [AS. st\'91ppan; akin to OFries. steppa, D. stappen to step, stap a step, OHG. stepfen to step, G. stapfe a footstep, OHG. stapfo, G. stufe a step to step on; cf. Gr. Stamp, n. & a.]

1. To move the foot in walking; to advance or recede by raising and moving one of the feet to another resting place, or by moving both feet in succession.

2. To walk; to go on foot; esp., to walk a little distance; as, to step to one of the neighbors.

3. To walk slowly, gravely, or resolutely.

Home the swain retreats, His flock before him stepping to the fold. Thomson.

4. Fig.: To move mentally; to go in imagination.

They are stepping almost three thousand years back into the remotest antiquity. Pope.
To step aside, to walk a little distance from the rest; to retire from company. -- To step forth, to move or come forth. -- To step in ∨ into. (a) To walk or advance into a place or state, or to advance suddenly in.
Whosoever then first, after the troubling of the water, stepped in, was made whole of whatsoever disease he had. John v. 4.
(b) To enter for a short time; as, I just stepped into the house. (c) To obtain possession without trouble; to enter upon easily or suddenly; as, to step into an estate. -- To step out. (a) (Mil.) To increase the length, but not the rapidity, of the step, extending it to thirty-tree inches. (b) To go out for a short distance or a short time. -- To step short (Mil.), to diminish the length or rapidity of the step according to the established rules.

Step

Step, v. t.

1. To set, as the foot.

2. (Naut.) To fix the foot of (a mast) in its step; to erect.

To step off, to measure by steps, or paces; hence, to divide, as a space, or to form a series of marks, by successive measurements, as with dividers.

Step

Step, n. [AS. st\'91pe. See Step, v. i.]

1. An advance or movement made by one removal of the foot; a pace.

2. A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in ascending or descending, as a stair, or a round of a ladder.

The breadth of every single step or stair should be never less than one foot. Sir H. Wotton.

3. The space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running; as, one step is generally about three feet, but may be more or less. Used also figuratively of any kind of progress; as, he improved step by step, or by steps.

To derive two or three general principles of motion from phenomena, and afterwards to tell us how the properties and actions of all corporeal things follow from those manifest principles, would be a very great step in philosophy. Sir I. Newton.

4. A small space or distance; as, it is but a step.

5. A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint; track.

6. Gait; manner of walking; as, the approach of a man is often known by his step.

7. Proceeding; measure; action; an act.

The reputation of a man depends on the first steps he makes in the world. Pope.
Beware of desperate steps. The darkest day, Live till to-morrow, will have passed away. Cowper.
I have lately taken steps . . . to relieve the old gentleman's distresses. G. W. Cable.

8. pl. Walk; passage.

Conduct my steps to find the fatal tree. Dryden.

9. pl. A portable framework of stairs, much used indoors in reaching to a high position.

10. (Naut.) In general, a framing in wood or iron which is intended to receive an upright shaft; specif., a block of wood, or a solid platform upon the keelson, supporting the heel of the mast.

11. (Mach.) (a) One of a series of offsets, or parts, resembling the steps of stairs, as one of the series of parts of a cone pulley on which the belt runs. (b) A bearing in which the lower extremity of a spindle or a vertical shaft revolves.

12. (Mus.) The intervak between two contiguous degrees of the csale. &hand; The word tone is often used as the name of this interval; but there is evident incongruity in using tone for indicating the interval between tones. As the word scale is derived from the Italian scala, a ladder, the intervals may well be called steps.

13. (Kinematics) A change of position effected by a motion of translation. W. K. Clifford.

Back step, Half step, etc. See under Back, Half, etc. -- Step grate, a form of grate for holding fuel, in which the bars rise above one another in the manner of steps. -- To take steps, to take action; to move in a matter.

Step-

Step-. [AS. ste\'a2p-; akin to OFries. stiap-, stiep-, D. & G. stief-, OHG. stiuf-, Icel. stj, Sw. styf-, and to AS. \'best\'c7pan, \'beste\'a2pan, to deprive, bereave, as children of their parents, OHG. stiufen.] A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, etc., to indicate that the person thus spoken of is not a blood relative, but is a relative by the marriage of a parent; as, a stepmother to X is the wife of the father of X, married by him after the death of the mother of X. See Stepchild, Stepdaughter, Stepson, etc.

Stepbrother

Step"broth`er (?), n. A brother by the marriage of one's father with the mother of another, or of one's mother with the father of another.

Stepchild

Step"child` (?), n. [AS. ste\'a2pcild.]

1. A bereaved child; one who has lost father or mother. [Obs.]

2. A son or daughter of one's wife or husband by a former marriage.

Stepdame

Step"dame` (?), n. A stepmother. Spenser.

Stepdaughter

Step"daugh`ter (?), n. [AS. ste\'a2pdohtor.] A daughter of one's wife or husband by a former marriage.

Stepfather

Step"fa`ther (?), n. [AS. ste\'a2pf\'91der.] The husband of one's mother by a subsequent marriage.

Stephanion

Ste*pha"ni*on (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The point on the side of the skull where the temporal line, or upper edge of the temporal fossa, crosses the coronal suture.

Stephanite

Steph"an*ite (?), n. [So named after the Archduke Stephan, mining director of Austria.] (Min.) A sulphide of antimony and silver of an iron-black color and metallic luster; called also black silver, and brittle silver ore.

Stephanotis

Steph`a*no"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing asclepiadaceous shrubs, of Madagascar, Malaya, etc. They have fleshy or coriaceous opposite leaves, and large white waxy flowers in cymes.

2. A perfume said to be prepared from the flowers of Stephanotis floribunda.

Stepladder

Step"lad`der (?), n. A portable set of steps.

Stepmother

Step"moth`er (?), n. [AS. ste\'a2pm\'d3der.] The wife of one's father by a subsequent marriage.

Stepparent

Step"par`ent (?), n. Stepfather or stepmother.

Steppe

Steppe (?), n. [From Russ. stepe, through G. or F. steppe.] One of the vast plains in Southeastern Europe and in Asia, generally elevated, and free from wood, analogous to many of the prairies in Western North America. See Savanna. Steppe murrain. (Far.) See Rinderpest.

Stepped

Stepped (?), a. Provided with a step or steps; having a series of offsets or parts resembling the steps of stairs; as, a stepped key. Stepped gear, a cogwheel of which the teeth cross the face in a series of steps.

Stepper

Step"per (?), n. One who, or that which, steps; as, a quick stepper. <-- a stepping motor -->

Stepping-stone

Step"ping-stone` (?), n.

1. A stone to raise the feet above the surface of water or mud in walking.

2. Fig.: A means of progress or advancement.

These obstacles his genius had turned into stepping-stones. Macaulay.
That men may rise on stepping-stones Of their dead selves to higher things. Tennyson.

Stepsister

Step"sis`ter (?), n. A daughter of one's stepfather or stepmother by a former marriage.

Stepson

Step"son` (?), n. [AS. ste\'a2psunu.] A son of one's husband or wife by a former marriage.

Stepstone

Step"stone` (?), n. A stone laid before a door as a stair to rise on in entering the house.

-ster

-ster (?). [OE. & AS. -estre, -istre.] A suffix denoting the agent (originally a woman), especially a person who does something with skill or as an occupation; as in spinster (originally, a woman who spins), songster, baxter (= bakester), youngster. &hand; Brewing, baking, and weaving were formerly feminine labors, and consequently brewster, baxter, and webster meant, originally, the woman (not the man) who brews, bakes, or weaves. When men began to perform these duties the feminine appellations were retained.

Stercobilin

Ster`co*bi"lin (?), n. [L. stercus dung + E. bilin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A coloring matter found in the f\'91ces, a product of the alteration of the bile pigments in the intestinal canal, -- identical with hydrobilirubin.

Stercolin

Ster"co*lin (?), n. [L. stercus dung + oleum oil.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Serolin (b).

Stercoraceous

Ster`co*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. stercus, -oris, dung.] Of or pertaining to dung; partaking of the nature of, or containing, dung.

Stercoranism

Ster"co*ra*nism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine or belief of the Stercoranists.

Stercoranist

Ster"co*ra*nist (?), n. [LL. stercoranista, fr. L. stercus, -oris, dung.] (Eccl. Hist.) A nickname formerly given to those who held, or were alleged to hold, that the consecrated elements in the eucharist undergo the process of digestion in the body of the recipient.

Stercorarian

Ster`co*ra"ri*an (?), n. A Stercoranist.

Stercorary

Ster"co*ra*ry (?), n. [LL. stercorarium, from L. stercorarius belonging to dung.] A place, properly secured from the weather, for containing dung.

Stercorate

Ster"co*rate (?), n. Excrement; dung. [Obs.]

Stercoration

Ster`co*ra"tion (?), n. [L. stercoratio, from stercorare to dung.] Manuring with dung. [Obs.] Bacon.

Stercorianism

Ster*co"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl.) The doctrine or belief of the Stercoranists.

Stercorin

Ster"co*rin (?), n. [L. stercus, -oris, dung.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Serolin (b).

Stercory

Ster"co*ry (?), n. Excrement; dung. [Obs.]

Sterculiaceous

Ster*cu`li*a"ceous (?), a. [NL. Sterculia, the typical genus, fr. L. Sterculius the deity that presided over manuring, from stercus dung. So called because one of the original species is fetid.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sterculiace\'91) of polypetalous exogenous plants, mostly tropical. The cacao (Theobroma Cacao) is the most useful plant of the order.

Stere

Stere (?), n. [F. st\'8are, fr. Gr. A unit of cubic measure in the metric system, being a cubic meter, or kiloliter, and equal to 35.3 cubic feet, or nearly 1

Stere

Stere (?), v. t. & i. To stir. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stere

Stere, n. A rudder. See 5th Steer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stere

Stere, n. Helmsman. See 6th Steer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sterelmintha

Ster`el*min"tha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. stereo`s solid + (Zo\'94l.) Same as Platyelminthes.

Stereo-

Ste"re*o- (?). [Gr. stereo`s solid. See Stare to gaze.] A combining form meaning solid, hard, firm, as in stereo-chemistry, stereography.

Stereobate

Ste"re*o*bate (?), n. [Gr. stereo`s solid + st\'82r\'82obate.] (Arch.) The lower part or basement of a building or pedestal; -- used loosely for several different forms of basement.

Stereo-chemic, Stereo-chemical

Ste`re*o-chem"ic (?), Ste`re*o-chem"ic*al (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or illustrating, the hypothetical space relations of atoms in the molecule; as, a stereo-chemic formula.

Stereo-chemistry

Ste`re*o-chem"is*try (?), n. [Stereo- + chemistry.] (Chem.) Chemistry considered with reference to the space relations of atoms.

Stereochrome

Ste"re*o*chrome (?), n. Stereochromic picture.

Stereochromic

Ste`re*o*chro"mic (?), a. Pertaining to the art of stereochromy; produced by stereochromy. -- Ste`re*o*chro"mic*al*ly (#), adv.

Stereochromy

Ste`re*och"ro*my (?), n. [Stereo- + Gr. chrw^ma color.] A style of painting on plastered walls or stone, in which the colors are rendered permanent by sprinklings of water, in which is mixed a proportion of soluble glass (a silicate of soda).

Stereoelectric

Ste`re*o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Stereo- + electric.] (Physics) Of or pertaining to the generation of electricity by means of solid bodies alone; as, a stereoelectric current is one obtained by means of solids, without any liquid.

Stereogram

Ste"re*o*gram (?), n. [Stereo- + -gram.] A diagram or picture which represents objects in such a way as to give the impression of relief or solidity; also, a stereograph.

Stereograph

Ste"re*o*graph (?), n. [Stereo- + -graph.] Any picture, or pair of pictures, prepared for exhibition in the stereoscope. Stereographs are now commonly made by means of photography.

Stereographic, Stereographical

Ste`re*o*graph"ic (?), Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. st\'82r\'82ographique.] Made or done according to the rules of stereography; delineated on a plane; as, a stereographic chart of the earth. Stereographic projection (Geom.), a method of representing the sphere in which the center of projection is taken in the surface of the sphere, and the plane upon which the projection is made is at right andles to the diameter passing through the center of projection.

Stereographically

Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a stereographical manner; by delineation on a plane.

Stereography

Ste`re*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Stereo- + graphy: cf. F. st\'82r\'82ographie.] The art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a plane; a branch of solid geometry which shows the construction of all solids which are regularly defined. <-- Illustration: "Stereography". 5 figures, illustrating arrangements of triangles, squares, or pentagons which can be drawn on a surface and folded into the five regular polyhedra. --> &hand; By cutting pieces of cardboard, or other suitable material, in the forms represented in the cut, folding them along the lines indicated, and joining their edges, the five regular solids may be formed.

Stereometer

Ste`re*om"e*ter (?), n. [Stereo- + meter.] (Physics)

1. An instrument for measuring the solid contents of a body, or the capacity of a vessel; a volumenometer.

2. An instrument for determining the specific gravity of liquid bodies, porous bodies, and powders, as well as solids.

Stereometric, Stereometrical

Ste`re*o*met"ric (?), Ste`re*o*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. st\'82r\'82om\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to stereometry; performed or obtained by stereometry. -- Ste`re*o*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Stereometry

Ste`re*om"e*try (?), n. [Stereo- + -metry: cf. F. st\'82r\'82om\'82trie.] The art of measuring and computing the cubical contents of bodies and figures; -- distinguished from planimetry.

Stereomonoscope

Ste`re*o*mon"o*scope (?), n. [Stereo- + mono- + -scope.] An instrument with two lenses, by which an image of a single picture projected upon a screen of ground glass is made to present an appearance of relief, and may be viewed by several persons at once.

Stereoplasm

Ste"re*o*plasm (?), n. [Stereo- + Gr. (Biol.) The solid or insoluble portion of the cell protoplasm. See Hygroplasm.

Stereopticon

Ste`re*op"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Stereo-, and Optic.] An instrument, consisting essentially of a magic lantern in which photographic pictures are used, by which the image of a landscape, or any object, may be thrown upon a screen in such a manner as to seem to stand out in relief, so as to form a striking and accurate representation of the object itself; also, a pair of magic lanterns for producing the effect of dissolving views.

Stereoscope

Ste"re*o*scope (?), n. [Stereo- + -scope.] An optical instrument for giving to pictures the appearance of solid forms, as seen in nature. It combines in one, through a bending of the rays of light, two pictures, taken for the purpose from points of view a little way apart. It is furnished with two eyeglasses, and by refraction or reflection the pictures are superimposed, so as to appear as one to the observer. &hand; In the reflecting stereoscope, the rays from the two pictures are turned into the proper direction for stereoscopic vision by two plane mirrors set at an angle with each other, and between the pictures. In the lenticular stereoscope, the form in general use, the eyeglasses are semilenses, or marginal portions of the same convex lenses, set with their edges toward each other, so that they deflect the rays coming from the picture so as to strike the eyes as if coming direct from an intermediate point, where the two pictures are seen apparently as one.

Stereoscopic, Stereoscopical

Ste`re*o*scop"ic (?), Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the stereoscope; characteristic of, or adapted to, the stereoscope; as, a stereoscopic effect; the stereoscopic function of the eyeglasses; stereoscopic views. -- Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al*ly, adv. <-- 2. Permitting the perception of depth by exhibiting different views to each eye; as, a sereoscopic microscope, i.e. one in which each eye views the subject from a different angle, through separate optical paths. -->

Stereoscopist

Ste`re*os"co*pist (?), n. One skilled in the use or construction of stereoscopes.
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Stereoscopy

Ste`re*os"co*py (?), n. The art or science of using the stereoscope, or of constructing the instrument or the views used with it.

Stereostatic

Ste`re*o*stat"ic (?), a. [Stereo- + static.] (Civil. Engin.) Geostatic.

Stereotomic, Stereotomical

Ste`re*o*tom"ic (?), Ste`re*o*tom"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to stereotomy; performed by stereotomy.

Stereotomy

Ste`re*ot"o*my (?), n. [Stereo- + Gr. st\'82r\'82otomie.] The science or art of cutting solids into certain figures or sections, as arches, and the like; especially, the art of stonecutting.

Stereotype

Ste"re*o*type (?), n. [Stereo- + -type: cf. F. st\'82r\'82otype.]

1. A plate forming an exact faximile of a page of type or of an engraving, used in printing books, etc.; specifically, a plate with type-metal face, used for printing. &hand; A stereotype, or stereotypr plate, is made by setting movable type as for ordinary printing; from these a cast is taken in plaster of Paris, paper pulp, or the like, and upon this cast melted type metal is poured, which, when hardened, makes a solid page or column, from which the impression is taken as from type.

2. The art or process of making such plates, or of executing work by means of them.

Stereotype block, a block, usually of wood, to which a stereotype plate is attached while being used in printing.

Stereotype

Ste"re*o*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stereotyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stereotyping (?).] [Cf. F. st\'82r\'82otyper.]

1. To prepare for printing in stereotype; to make the stereotype plates of; as, to stereotype the Bible.

2. Fig.: To make firm or permanent; to fix.

Powerful causes tending to stereotype and aggravate the poverty of old conditions. Duke of Argyll (1887).

Stereotyped

Ste"re*o*typed (?), a.

1. Formed into, or printed from, stereotype plates.

2. Fig.: Formed in a fixed, unchangeable manner; as, stereotyped opinions.

Our civilization, with its stereotyped ways and smooth conventionalities. J. C. Shairp.

Stereotyper

Ste"re*o*ty`per (?), n. One who stereotypes; one who makes stereotype plates, or works in a stereotype foundry.

Stereotypery

Ste"re*o*ty`per*y (?), n.

1. The art, process, or employment of making stereotype plates.

2. A place where stereotype plates are made; a stereotype foundry.

Stereotypic

Ste`re*o*typ"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to stereotype, or stereotype plates.

Stereotypist

Ste"re*o*ty`pist (?), n. A stereotyper.

Stereotypographer

Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*pher (?), n. A stereotype printer.

Stereotypography

Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Stereo- + typography.] The act or art of printing from stereotype plates.

Stereotypy

Ste"re*o*ty`py (?), n. [Cf. F. st\'82r\'82otypie.] The art or process of making stereotype plates.

Sterhydraulic

Ster`hy*drau"lic (?), a. [Stereo- + hydraulic.] Pertaining to, or designating, a kind of hydraulic press; resembling such a press in action or principle. Sterhydraulic press, an hydraulic press producing pressure or motion by the introduction of a solid substance (as a long rod, or a cord wound on a roller) into a cylinder previously filled with a liquid.

Sterile

Ster"ile (?), a. [F. st\'82rile, L. sterilis, akin to Gr. stereo`s stiff, solid, stei^ros barren, stei^ra a cow that has not calved, Goth. stair\'d3, fem., barren. See Stare to gaze.]

1. Producing little or no crop; barren; unfruitful; unproductive; not fertile; as, sterile land; a sterile desert; a sterile year.

2. (Biol.) (a) Incapable of reproduction; unfitted for reproduction of offspring; not able to germinate or bear fruit; unfruitful; as, a sterile flower, which bears only stamens. (b) Free from reproductive spores or germs; as, a sterile fluid.

3. Fig.: Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment; as, a sterile production or author.

Sterility

Ste*ril"i*ty (?), n. [L. sterilitas: cf. F. st\'82rilit\'82.]

1. The quality or condition of being sterile.

2. (Biol.) Quality of being sterile; infecundity; also, the state of being free from germs or spores.

Sterilization

Ster`il*i*za"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The act or process of sterilizing, or rendering sterile; also, the state of being sterile.

Sterilize

Ster"il*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sterilized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sterilizing (?).] [Cf. F. st\'82riliser.]

1. To make sterile or unproductive; to impoverish, as land; to exhaust of fertility. [R.] "Sterilizing the earth." Woodward.

2. (Biol.) (a) To deprive of the power of reproducing; to render incapable of germination or fecundation; to make sterile. (b) To destroy all spores or germs in (an organic fluid or mixture), as by heat, so as to prevent the development of bacterial or other organisms.

Sterlet

Ster"let (?), n. [Russ. sterliade.] (Zo\'94l.) A small sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) found in the Caspian Sea and its rivers, and highly esteemed for its flavor. The finest caviare is made from its roe.

Sterling

Ster"ling (?), n. (Engin.) Same as Starling, 3.

Sterling

Ster"ling, n. [OE. sterlynge, starling, for easterling, LL. esterlingus, probably from Easterling, once the popular name of German trades in England, whose money was of the purest quality: cf. MHG. sterlink a certain coin. Cf. East. "Certain merchants of Norwaie, Denmarke, and of others those parties, called Ostomanni, or (as in our vulgar language we tearme them), easterlings, because they lie east in respect of us." Holinshed. "In the time of . . . King Richard the First, monie coined in the east parts of Germanie began to be of especiall request in England for the puritie thereof, and was called Easterling monie, as all inhabitants of those parts were called Easterlings, and shortly after some of that countrie, skillful in mint matters and allaies, were sent for into this realme to bring the coine to perfection; which since that time was called of them sterling, for Easterling." Camden. "Four thousand pound of sterlings." R. of Gloucester.]

1. Any English coin of standard value; coined money.

So that ye offer nobles or sterlings. Chaucer.
And Roman wealth in English sterling view. Arbuthnot.

2. A certain standard of quality or value for money.

Sterling was the known and approved standard in England, in all probability, from the beginning of King Henry the Second's reign. S. M. Leake.

Sterling

Ster"ling (?), a.

1. Belonging to, or relating to, the standard British money of account, or the British coinage; as, a pound sterling; a shilling sterling; a penny sterling; -- now chiefly applied to the lawful money of England; but sterling cost, sterling value, are used. "With sterling money." Shak.

2. Genuine; pure; of excellent quality; conforming to the highest standard; of full value; as, a work of sterling merit; a man of sterling good sense.

Stern

Stern (?), n. [AS. stearn a kind of bird. See Starling.] (Zo\'94l.) The black tern.

Stern

Stern, a. [Compar. Sterner (?); superl. Sternest.] [OE. sterne, sturne, AS. styrne; cf. D. stuurish stern, Sw. stursk refractory. \'fb166.] Having a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed; unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as, a sternresolve; a stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern gaze; a stern decree.
The sterne wind so loud gan to rout. Chaucer.
I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak.
When that the poor have cried, C\'91sar hath wept; Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Shak.
Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard. Dryden.
These barren rocks, your stern inheritance. Wordsworth.
Syn. -- Gloomy; sullen; forbidding; strict; unkind; hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; pitiless.

Stern

Stern, n. [Icel. stj\'d3rn a steering, or a doubtful AS. ste\'a2rn. \'fb166. See Steer, v. t.]

1. The helm or tiller of a vessel or boat; also, the rudder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Naut.) The after or rear end of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the stem, or prow.

3. Fig.: The post of management or direction.

And sit chiefest stern of public weal. Shak.

4. The hinder part of anything. Spenser.

5. The tail of an animal; -- now used only of the tail of a dog.

By the stern. (Naut.) See By the head, under By.

Stern

Stern, a. Being in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits. Stern board (Naut.), a going or falling astern; a loss of way in making a tack; as, to make a stern board. See Board, n., 8 (b). -- Stern chase. (Naut.) (a) See under Chase, n. (b) A stern chaser. -- Stern chaser (Naut.), a cannon placed in a ship's stern, pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is in pursuit. -- Stern fast (Naut.), a rope used to confine the stern of a ship or other vessel, as to a wharf or buoy. -- Stern frame (Naut.), the framework of timber forms the stern of a ship. -- Stern knee. See Sternson. -- Stern port (Naut.), a port, or opening, in the stern of a ship. -- Stern sheets (Naut.), that part of an open boat which is between the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers, -- usually furnished with seats for passengers. -- Stern wheel, a paddle wheel attached to the stern of the steamboat which it propels.<-- thus, stern wheeler. -->

Sternage

Stern"age (?), n. Stern. [R.] Shak.

Sternal

Ster"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum; in the region of the sternum. Sternal ribs. See the Note under Rib, n., 1.

Sternbergite

Stern"berg*ite (?), n. [So named after Count Kaspar Sternberg of Prague.] (Min.) A sulphide of silver and iron, occurring in soft flexible lamin\'91 varying in color from brown to black.

Sternebra

Ster"ne*bra (?), n.; pl. Sternebr\'91 (#). [NL., fr. sternum + -bra of vertebra.] (Anat.) One of the segments of the sternum. -- Ster"ne*bral (#), a.

Sterned

Sterned (?), a. Having a stern of a particular shape; -- used in composition; as, square-sterned.

Sterner

Stern"er (?), n. [See 3d Stern.] A director. [Obs. & R.] Dr. R. Clerke.

Sternforemost

Stern`fore"most` (?), adv. With the stern, instead of the bow, in advance; hence, figuratively, in an awkward, blundering manner.
A fatal genius for going sternforemost. Lowell.

Sternite

Ster"nite (?), n. [From Sternum.] (Zo\'94l.) The sternum of an arthropod somite.

Sternly

Stern"ly (?), adv. In a stern manner.

Sternmost

Stern"most` (?), a. Farthest in the rear; farthest astern; as, the sternmost ship in a convoy.

Sternness

Stern"ness, n. The quality or state of being stern.

Sterno-

Ster"no- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the sternum; as, sternocostal, sternoscapular.

Sternocoracoid

Ster`no*cor"a*coid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the coracoid.

Sternocostal

Ster`no*cos"tal (?), a. [Sterno- + costal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the ribs; as, the sternocostal cartilages.

Sternohyoid

Ster`no*hy"oid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the hyoid bone or cartilage.

Sternomastoid

Ster`no*mas"toid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the mastoid process.

Sternothyroid

Ster`no*thy"roid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the thyroid cartilage.

Sternpost

Stern"post` (?), n. (Naut.) A straight piece of timber, or an iron bar or beam, erected on the extremity of the keel to support the rudder, and receive the ends of the planks or plates of the vessel.

Sternsman

Sterns"man (?), n. A steersman. [Obs.]

Sternson

Stern"son (?), n. [See Stern, n., and cf. Stemson.] (Naut.) The end of a ship's keelson, to which the sternpost is bolted; -- called also stern knee.

Sternum

Ster"num (?), n.; pl. L. Sterna (#), E. Sternums (#). [NL., from Gr.

1. (Anat.) A plate of cartilage, or a series of bony or cartilaginous plates or segments, in the median line of the pectoral skeleton of most vertebrates above fishes; the breastbone. &hand; The sternum is connected with the ribs or the pectorial girdle, or with both. In man it is a flat bone, broad anteriorly, narrowed behind, and connected with the clavicles and the cartilages of the seven anterior pairs of ribs. In most birds it has a high median keel for the attachment of the muscles of the wings.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The ventral part of any one of the somites of an arthropod.

Sternutation

Ster`nu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. sternutatio, fr. sternutare to sneeze, intens. from sternuere.] The act of sneezing. Quincy.

Sternutative

Ster*nu"ta*tive (?), a. Having the quality of provoking to sneeze.

Sternutatory

Ster*nu"ta*to*ry (?), a. Sternutative. -- n. A sternutatory substance or medicine.

Sternway

Stern"way` (?), n. (Naut.) The movement of a ship backward, or with her stern foremost.

Stern-wheel

Stern"-wheel` (?), a. Having a paddle wheel at the stern; as, a stern-wheel steamer.

Stern-wheeler

Stern"-wheel`er (?), n. A steamboat having a stern wheel instead of side wheels. [Colloq. U.S.]

Sterquilinous

Ster*quil"i*nous (?), a. [L. sterquilinium a dung pit, fr. stercus dung.] Pertaining to a dunghill; hence, mean; dirty; paltry. [Obs.] Howell.

Sterre

Ster"re (?), n. A star. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sterrink

Ster"rink (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crab-eating seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) of the Antarctic Ocean.

Sterrometal

Ster"ro*met`al (?), n. [Gr. metal.] Any alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and iron, of which cannon are sometimes made.

Stert

Stert (?), obs. p. p. of Start. Started. Chaucer.

Sterte

Ster"te (?), obs. p. p. of Start. Chaucer.

Stertorious

Ster*to"ri*ous (?), a. Stertorous. [R.]

Stertorous

Ster"to*rous (?), a. [L. stertere to snore: cf. F. stertoreux.] Characterized by a deep snoring, which accompaines inspiration in some diseases, especially apoplexy; hence, hoarsely breathing; snoring.
Burning, stertorous breath that hurt her cheek. Mrs. Browning.
The day has ebbed away, and it is night in his room, before his stertorous breathing lulls. Dickens.

Sterve

Sterve (?), v. t. & i. To die, or cause to die; to perish. See Starve. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Stet

Stet (?), L., subj. 3d pers. sing. of stare to stand, remain. [See Stand.] (Print.) Let it stand; -- a word used by proof readers to signify that something once erased, or marked for omission, is to remain.

Stet

Stet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stetting.] (Print.) To cause or direct to remain after having been marked for omission; to mark with the word stet, or with a series of dots below or beside the matter; as, the proof reader stetted a deled footnote.

Stethal

Steth"al (?), n. [Stearic + ethal.] (Chem.) One of the higher alcohols of the methane series, homologous with ethal, and found in small quantities as an ethereal salt of stearic acid in spermaceti.

Stethograph

Steth"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) See Pneumatograph.

Stethometer

Ste*thom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the external movements of a given point of the chest wall, during respiration; -- also called thoracometer.

Stethoscope

Steth"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope: cf. F. st\'82thoscope.] (Med.) An instrument used in auscultation for examining the organs of the chest, as the heart and lungs, by conveying to the ear of the examiner the sounds produced in the thorax.

Stethoscope

Steth"o*scope, v. t. To auscultate, or examine, with a stethoscope. M. W. Savage.

Stethoscopic, Stethoscopical

Steth`o*scop"ic (?), Steth`o*scop"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. st\'82thoscopique.] Of or pertaining to a stethoscope; obtained or made by means of a stethoscope. -- Steth`o*scop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Stethoscopist

Ste*thos"co*pist (?), n. One skilled in the use of the stethoscope.

Stethoscopy

Ste*thos"co*py (?), n. The art or process of examination by the stethoscope.

Steve

Steve (?), v. t. [See Stevedore.] To pack or stow, as cargo in a ship's hold. See Steeve.

Stevedore

Ste"ve*dore` (?), n. [Sp. estivador a packer, a stower, fr. estivar to pack, to stow, L. stipare to press, compress, probably akin to E. stiff. See Stiff, Stive to stuff.] One whose occupation is to load and unload vessels in port; one who stows a cargo in a hold.

Steven

Ste"ven (?), n. [AS. stefn, stemn, voice; akin to D. stem, G. stimme, Goth. stibna.]

1. Voice; speech; language. [Obs. or Scot.]

Ye have as merry a steven As any angel hath that is in heaven. Chaucer.

2. An outcry; a loud call; a clamor. [Obs.] Spenser.

To set steven, to make an appointment. [Obs.]
They setten steven for to meet To playen at the dice. Chaucer.

Stew

Stew (?), n. [Cf. Stow.]

1. A small pond or pool where fish are kept for the table; a vivarium. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Evelyn.

2. An artificial bed of oysters. [Local, U.S.]

Stew

Stew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stewing.] [OE. stuven, OF. estuver, F. \'82tuver, fr. OF. estuve, F. \'82tuve, a sweating house, a room heated for a bath; probably of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stove. See Stove, and cf. Stive to stew.] To boil slowly, or with the simmering or moderate heat; to seethe; to cook in a little liquid, over a gentle fire, without boiling; as, to stew meat; to stew oysters; to stew apples.
Page 1413

Stew

Stew (?), v. i. To be seethed or cooked in a slow, gentle manner, or in heat and moisture.

Stew

Stew, n. [OE. stue, stuwe, OF. estuve. See Stew, v. t.]

1. A place of stewing or seething; a place where hot bathes are furnished; a hothouse. [Obs.]

As burning \'92tna from his boiling stew Doth belch out flames. Spenser.
The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any armor, and give themselves to baths and stews. Abp. Abbot.

2. A brothel; -- usually in the plural. Bacon. South.

There be that hate harlots, and never were at the stews. Aschman.

3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Sir A. Weldon.

4. A dish prepared by stewing; as, a stewof pigeons.

5. A state of agitating excitement; a state of worry; confusion; as, to be in a stew. [Colloq.]

Steward

Stew"ard (?), n. [OE. stiward, AS. st\'c6weard, stigweard, literally, a sty ward; stigu sty + weard warden, guardian, -- his first duty having been probably to attend to the domestic animals. \'fb164. See Sty pen for swine, Ward.]

1. A man employed in a large family, or on a large estate, to manage the domestic concerns, supervise other servants, collect the rents or income, keep accounts, and the like.

Worthy to be stewards of rent and land. Chaucer.
They came near to the steward of Joseph's house. Gen. xliii. 19.
As good stewards of the manifold grace of God. 1 Pet. iv. 10.

2. A person employed in a hotel, or a club, or on board a ship, to provide for the table, superintend the culinary affairs, etc. In naval vessels, the captain's steward, wardroom steward, steerage steward, warrant officers steward, etc., are petty officers who provide for the messes under their charge.

3. A fiscal agent of certain bodies; as, a steward in a Methodist church.

4. In some colleges, an officer who provides food for the students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer who attends to the accounts of the students.

5. In Scotland, a magistrate appointed by the crown to exercise jurisdiction over royal lands. Erskine.

Lord high steward, formerly, the first officer of the crown; afterward, an officer occasionally appointed, as for a coronation, or upon the trial of a peer. [Eng.]

Steward

Stew"ard, v. t. To manage as a steward. [Obs.]

Stewardess

Stew"ard*ess, n. A female steward; specifically, a woman employed in passenger vessels to attend to the wants of female passengers.

Stewardly

Stew"ard*ly, adv. In a manner, or with the care, of a steward. [R.]
To be stewardly dispensed, not wastefully spent. Tooker.

Stewardship

Stew"ard*ship, n. The office of a steward. Shak.

Stewartry

Stew"art*ry (?), n.

1. An overseer or superintendent. [R.] "The stewartry of provisions." Tooke.

2. The office of a steward; stewardship. [R.] Byron.

3. In Scotland, the jurisdiction of a steward; also, the lands under such jurisdiction.

Stewish

Stew"ish, a. Suiting a stew, or brothel. Bp. Hall.

Stewpan

Stew"pan` (?), n. A pan used for stewing.

Stewpot

Stew"pot` (?), n. A pot used for stewing.

Stey

Stey (?), n. See Stee.

Sthenic

Sthen"ic (?), a. [Gr. sth\'82nique.] (Med.) Strong; active; -- said especially of morbid states attended with excessive action of the heart and blood vessels, and characterized by strength and activity of the muscular and nervous system; as, a sthenic fever. Sthenic theory. See Stimulism (a).

Stiacciato

Sti*ac*cia"to (?), n. [It., crushed, flattened.] (Sculp.) The lowest relief, -- often used in Italian sculpture of the 15th and 16th centuries.

Stian

Sti"an (?), n. A sty on the eye. See Styan.

Stibborn

Stib"born (?), a. Stubborn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stibial

Stib"i*al (?), a. [See Stibium.] Like, or having the qualities of, antimony; antimonial.

Stibialism

Stib"i*al*ism (?), n. (Med.) Antimonial intoxication or poisoning. Dunglison.

Stibiated

Stib"i*a`ted (?), a. [NL. stibiatus, from L. stibium antimony.] (Med. Chem.) Combined or impregnated with antimony (stibium). Stibiated tartar. See Tartar emetic, under Tartar.

Stibic

Stib"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Antimonic; -- used with reference to certain compounds of antimony.

Stibiconite

Stib"i*co*nite (?), n. (Min.) A native oxide of antimony occurring in masses of a yellow color.

Stibine

Stib"ine (?), n. (Chem.) Antimony hydride, or hydrogen antimonide, a colorless gas produced by the action of nascent hydrogen on antimony. It has a characteristic odor and burns with a characteristic greenish flame. Formerly called also antimoniureted hydrogen.

Stibious

Stib"i*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Antimonious. [R.]

Stibium

Stib"i*um (?), n. [L. stibium, stibi, Gr.

1. (Chem.) The technical name of antimony.

2. (Min.) Stibnite. [Obs.]

Stibnite

Stib"nite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral of a lead-gray color and brilliant metallic luster, occurring in prismatic crystals; sulphide of antimony; -- called also antimony glance, and gray antimony.

Stibonium

Sti*bo"ni*um (?), n. (Chem.) The hypothetical radical SbH4, analogous to ammonium; -- called also antimonium.

Sticcado

Stic*ca"do (?), n. [Cf. It. steccato a palisade.] (Mus.) An instrument consisting of small bars of wood, flat at the bottom and rounded at the top, and resting on the edges of a kind of open box. They are unequal in size, gradually increasing from the smallest to the largest, and are tuned to the diatonic scale. The tones are produced by striking the pieces of wood with hard balls attached to flexible sticks.

Stich

Stich (?), n. [Gr. sti`chos a row, line, akin to to go, march, E. sty, v.i.]

1. A verse, of whatever measure or number of feet.

2. A line in the Scriptures; specifically (Hebrew Scriptures), one of the rhythmic lines in the poetical books and passages of the Old Treatment, as written in the oldest Hebrew manuscripts and in the Revised Version of the English Bible.

3. A row, line, or rank of trees.

Stichic

Stich"ic (?), a. [Gr. stichiko`s.] Of or pertaining to stichs, or lines; consisting of stichs, or lines. [R.]

Stichidium

Sti*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Stichida (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A special podlike or fusiform branch containing tetraspores. It is found in certain red alg\'91.

Stichomancy

Stich"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by lines, or passages of books, taken at hazard.

Stichometrical

Stich`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to stichometry; characterized by stichs, or lines.

Stichometry

Stich*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.]

1. Measurement of books by the number of lines which they contain.

2. Division of the text of a book into lines; especially, the division of the text of books into lines accommodated to the sense, -- a method of writing manuscripts used before punctuation was adopted.

Stichwort

Stich"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of chickweed (Stellaria Holostea). [Written also stitchwort.]

Stick

Stick (?), n. [OE. sticke, AS. sticca; akin to stician to stab, prick, pierce, G. stecken a stick, staff, OHG. steccho, Icel. stik a stick. See Stick, v. t..]

1. A small shoot, or branch, separated, as by a cutting, from a tree or shrub; also, any stem or branch of a tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber.

Withered sticks to gather, which might serve Against a winter's day. Milton.

2. Any long and comparatively slender piece of wood, whether in natural form or shaped with tools; a rod; a wand; a staff; as, the stick of a rocket; a walking stick.

3. Anything shaped like a stick; as, a stick of wax.

4. A derogatory expression for a person; one who is inert or stupid; as, an odd stick; a poor stick. [Colloq.]

5. (Print.) A composing stick. See under Composing. It is usually a frame of metal, but for posters, handbills, etc., one made of wood is used.

6. A thrust with a pointed instrument; a stab.

A stick of eels, twenty-five eels. [Prov. Eng.] -- Stick chimney, a chimney made of sticks laid crosswise, and cemented with clay or mud, as in some log houses. [U.S.] -- Stick insect, (Zo\'94l.), any one of various species of wingless orthopterous insects of the family Phasmid\'91, which have a long round body, resembling a stick in form and color, and long legs, which are often held rigidly in such positions as to make them resemble small twigs. They thus imitate the branches and twigs of the trees on which they live. The common American species is Diapheromera femorata. Some of the Asiatic species are more than a foot long. -- To cut one's stick, ∨ To cut stick, to run away. [Slang] De Quincey.

Stick

Stick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuck (?) (Obs. Sticked (); p. pr. & vb. n. Sticking.] [OE. stikien, v.t. & i., combined with steken, whence E. stuck), AS. stician, v.t. & i., and (assumed) stecan, v.t.; akin to OFries. steka, OS. stekan, OHG. stehhan, G. stechen, and to Gr. tij to be sharp. Cf. Distinguish, Etiquette, Extinct, Instigate, Instinct, Prestige, Stake, Steak, Stick, n., Stigma, Stimulate, Sting, Stitch in sewing, Style for or in writing.]

1. To penetrate with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to stab; hence, to kill by piercing; as, to stick a beast.

And sticked him with bodkins anon. Chaucer.
It was a shame . . . to stick him under the other gentleman's arm while he was redding the fray. Sir W. Scott.

2. To cause to penetrate; to push, thrust, or drive, so as to pierce; as, to stick a needle into one's finger.

Thou stickest a dagger in me. Shak.

3. To fasten, attach, or cause to remain, by thrusting in; hence, also, to adorn or deck with things fastened on as by piercing; as, to stick a pin on the sleeve.

My shroud of white, stuck all with yew. Shak.
The points of spears are stuck within the shield. Dryden.

4. To set; to fix in; as, to stick card teeth.

5. To set with something pointed; as, to stick cards.

6. To fix on a pointed instrument; to impale; as, to stick an apple on a fork.

7. To attach by causing to adhere to the surface; as, to stick on a plaster; to stick a stamp on an envelope; also, to attach in any manner.

8. (Print.) To compose; to set, or arrange, in a composing stick; as, to stick type. [Cant]

9. (Joinery) To run or plane (moldings) in a machine, in contradistinction to working them by hand. Such moldings are said to be stuck.

10. To cause to stick; to bring to a stand; to pose; to puzzle; as, to stick one with a hard problem. [Colloq.]

11. To impose upon; to compel to pay; sometimes, to cheat. [Slang]

To stick out, to cause to project or protrude; to render prominent.

Stick

Stick (?), v. i.

1. To adhere; as, glue sticks to the fingers; paste sticks to the wall.

The green caterpillar breedeth in the inward parts of roses not blown, where the dew sticketh. Bacon.

2. To remain where placed; to be fixed; to hold fast to any position so as to be moved with difficulty; to cling; to abide; to cleave; to be united closely.

A friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Prov. xviii. 24.
I am a kind of bur; I shall stick. Shak.
If on your fame our sex a bolt has thrown, 'T will ever stick through malice of your own. Young.

3. To be prevented from going farther; to stop by reason of some obstacle; to be stayed.

I had most need of blessing, and "Amen" Stuck in my throat. Shak.
The trembling weapon passed Through nine bull hides, . . . and stuck within the last. Dryden.

4. To be embarrassed or puzzled; to hesitate; to be deterred, as by scruples; to scruple; -- often with at.

They will stick long at part of a demonstration for want of perceiving the connection of two ideas. Locke.
Some stick not to say, that the parson and attorney forged a will. Arbuthnot.

5. To cause difficulties, scruples, or hesitation.

This is the difficulty that sticks with the most reasonable. Swift.
To stick by. (a) To adhere closely to; to be firm in supporting. "We are your only friends; stick by us, and we will stick by you." Davenant. (b) To be troublesome by adhering. "I am satisfied to trifle away my time, rather than let it stick by me." Pope. -- To stick out. (a) To project; to be prominent. "His bones that were not seen stick out." Job xxxiii. 21. (b) To persevere in a purpose; to hold out; as, the garrison stuck out until relieved. [Colloq.]<-- also v.i. to stick it out. --> -- To stick to, to be persevering in holding to; as, to stick to a party or cause. "The advantage will be on our side if we stick to its essentials." Addison. -- To stick up, to stand erect; as, his hair sticks up. -- To stick up for, to assert and defend; as, to stick up for one's rights or for a friend. [Colloq.] -- To stick upon, to dwell upon; not to forsake. "If the matter be knotty, the mind must stop and buckle to it, and stick upon it with labor and thought." Locke.

Sticked

Stick"ed (?), obs. imp. of Stick. Stuck.
And in the sand her ship sticked so fast. Chaucer.
They sticked not to give their bodies to be burnt. Sir T. Browne.

Sticker

Stick"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, sticks; as, a bill sticker.

2. That which causes one to stick; that which puzzles or poses. [Colloq.] Tackeray.

3. (Mus.) In the organ, a small wooden rod which connects (in part) a key and a pallet, so as to communicate motion by pushing.

4. Same as Paster, 2. [Political Cant, U.S.]

Stickful

Stick"ful (?), n.; pl. Stickfuls (. (Print.) As much set type as fills a composing stick.

Stickiness

Stick"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being sticky; as, the stickiness of glue or paste.

Sticking

Stick"ing, a. & n. from Stick, v. Sticking piece, a piece of beef cut from the neck. [Eng.] -- Sticking place, the place where a thing sticks, or remains fast; sticking point.
But screw your courage to the sticking place, And we'll not fail. Shak.
-- Sticking plaster, an adhesive plaster for closing wounds, and for similar uses. -- Sticking point. Same as Sticking place, above.

Stickit

Stick"it (?), a. Stuck; spoiled in making. [Scot.] Stickit minister, a candidate for the clerical office who fails, disqualified by incompetency or immorality.

Stick-lac

Stick"-lac` (?), n. See the Note under Lac.

Stickle

Stic"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stickling.] [Probably fr. OE. stightlen, sti, to dispose, arrange, govern, freq. of stihten, AS. stihtan: cf. G. stiften to found, to establish.]

1. To separate combatants by intervening. [Obs.]

When he [the angel] sees half of the Christians killed, and the rest in a fair way of being routed, he stickles betwixt the remainder of God's host and the race of fiends. Dryden.

2. To contend, contest, or altercate, esp. in a pertinacious manner on insufficient grounds.

Fortune, as she 's wont, turned fickle, And for the foe began to stickle. Hudibras.
While for paltry punk they roar and stickle. Dryden.
The obstinacy with which he stickles for the wrong. Hazlitt.

3. To play fast and loose; to pass from one side to the other; to trim.

Stickle

Stic"kle, v. t.

1. To separate, as combatants; hence, to quiet, to appease, as disputants. [Obs.]

Which [question] violently they pursue, Nor stickled would they be. Drayton.

2. To intervene in; to stop, or put an end to, by intervening; hence, to arbitrate. [Obs.]

They ran to him, and, pulling him back by force, stickled that unnatural fray. Sir P. Sidney.

Stickle

Stic"kle, n. [Cf. stick, v. t. & i.] A shallow rapid in a river; also, the current below a waterfall. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Patient anglers, standing all the day Near to some shallow stickle or deep bay. W. Browne.

Stickle-back

Stic"kle-back` (?), n. [OE. & Prov E. stickle a prickle, spine, sting (AS. sticel) + back. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Banstickle.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small fishes of the genus Gasterosteus and allied genera. The back is armed with two or more sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish water, and construct curious nests. Called also sticklebag, sharpling, and prickleback.
Page 1414

Stickler

Stic"kler (?), n. [See Stickle, v. t.] One who stickles. Specifically: -- (a) One who arbitrates a duel; a sidesman to a fencer; a second; an umpire. [Obs.]
Basilius, the judge, appointed sticklers and trumpets whom the others should obey. Sir P. Sidney.
Our former chiefs, like sticklers of the war, First sought to inflame the parties, then to poise. Dryden.
(b) One who pertinaciously contends for some trifling things, as a point of etiquette; an unreasonable, obstinate contender; as, a stickler for ceremony.
The Tory or High-church were the greatest sticklers against the exorbitant proceedings of King James II. Swift.

Stick-seed

Stick"-seed` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Echinospermum Lappula) of the Borage family, with small blue flowers and prickly nutlets.

Sticktail

Stick"tail` (?), n. The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]

Stick-tight

Stick"-tight` (?), n. (Bot.) Beggar's ticks.

Sticky

Stick"y (?), a. [Compar. Stickier (?); superl. Stickiest.] Having the quality of sticking to a surface; adhesive; gluey; viscous; viscid; glutinous; tenacious.
Herbs which last longest are those of strong smell, and with a sticky stalk. Bacon.

Stiddy

Stid"dy (?), n. [See Stithy.] An anvil; also, a smith shop. See Stithy. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Stiff

Stiff (?), a. [Compar. Stiffer (?); superl. Stiffest.] [OE. stif, AS. st\'c6f; akin to D. stijf, G. steif, Dan. stiv, Sw. styf, Icel. st\'c6fr, Lith. stipti to be stiff; cf. L. stipes a post, trunk of a tree, stipare to press, compress. Cf. Costive, Stifle, Stipulate, Stive to stuff.]

1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not limber or flaccid; rigid; firm; as, stiff wood, paper, joints.

[They] rising on stiff pennons, tower The mid a\'89rial sky. Milton.

2. Not liquid or fluid; thick and tenacious; inspissated; neither soft nor hard; as, the paste is stiff.

3. Firm; strong; violent; difficult to oppose; as, a stiff gale or breeze.

4. Not easily subdued; unyielding; stubborn; obstinate; pertinacious; as, a stiff adversary.

It is a shame to stand stiff in a foolish argument. Jer. Taylor.
A war ensues: the Cretans own their cause, Stiff to defend their hospitable laws. Dryden.

5. Not natural and easy; formal; constrained; affected; starched; as, stiff behavior; a stiff style.

The French are open, familiar, and talkative; the Italians stiff, ceremonious, and reserved. Addison.

6. Harsh; disagreeable; severe; hard to bear. [Obs. or Colloq.] "This is stiff news." Shak.

7. (Naut.) Bearing a press of canvas without careening much; as, a stiff vessel; -- opposed to crank. Totten.

8. Very large, strong, or costly; powerful; as, a stiff charge; a stiff price. [Slang]

Stiff neck, a condition of the neck such that the head can not be moved without difficulty and pain. Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; strong; hardly; stubborn; obstinate; pertinacious; harsh; formal; constrained; affected; starched; rigorous.

Stiff-backed

Stiff"-backed` (?), a. Obstinate. J. H. Newman.

Stiffen

Stiff"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stiffened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stiffening.] [See Stiff.]

1. tiono make stiff; to make less pliant or flexible; as, to stiffen cloth with starch.

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. Shak.

2. To inspissate; to make more thick or viscous; as, to stiffen paste.

3. To make torpid; to benumb.

Stiffen

Stiff"en, v. i. To become stiff or stiffer, in any sense of the adjective.
Like bristles rose my stiffening hair. Dryden.
The tender soil then stiffening by degrees. Dryden.
Some souls we see, Grow hard and stiffen with adversity. Dryden.

Stiffener

Stiff"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, stiffens anything, as a piece of stiff cloth in a cravat.

Stiffening

Stiff"en*ing, n.

1. Act or process of making stiff.

2. Something used to make anything stiff.

Stiffening order (Com.), a permission granted by the customs department to take cargo or ballast on board before the old cargo is out, in order to steady the ship.

Stiff-hearted

Stiff"-heart`ed (?), a. [Stiff + heart.] Obstinate; stubborn; contumacious. Ezek. ii. 4.

Stiffish

Stiff"ish, a. Somewhat stiff.

Stiffly

Stiff"ly (?), adv. In a stiff manner.

Stiff-necked

Stiff"-necked` (?), a. Stubborn; inflexibly obstinate; contumacious; as, stiff-necked pride; a stiff-necked people. Ex. xxxii. 9.

Stiff-neckedness

Stiff"-neck`ed*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being stiff-necked; stubbornness.

Stiffness

Stiff"ness, n. The quality or state of being stiff; as, the stiffness of cloth or of paste; stiffness of manner; stiffness of character.
The vices of old age have the stiffness of it too. South.

Stifftail

Stiff"tail` (?), n. The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]

Stiff-tailed

Stiff"-tailed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the quill feathers of the tail somewhat rigid.

Stifle

Sti"fle (?), n. [From Stiff.] (Far.) The joint next above the hock, and near the flank, in the hind leg of the horse and allied animals; the joint corresponding to the knee in man; -- called also stifle joint. See Illust. under Horse. Stifle bone, a small bone at the stifle joint; the patella, or kneepan.

Stifle

Sti"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stifled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stifling (?).] [Freq. of OE. stif stiff; cf. Icel. st\'c6fla to dam up.]

1. To stop the breath of by crowding something into the windpipe, or introducing an irrespirable substance into the lungs; to choke; to suffocate; to cause the death of by such means; as, to stifle one with smoke or dust.

Stifled with kisses, a sweet death he dies. Dryden.
I took my leave, being half stifled with the closeness of the room. Swift.

2. To stop; to extinguish; to deaden; to quench; as, to stifle the breath; to stifle a fire or flame.

Bodies . . . stifle in themselves the rays which they do not reflect or transmit. Sir I. Newton.

3. To suppress the manifestation or report of; to smother; to conceal from public knowledge; as, to stifle a story; to stifle passion.

I desire only to have things fairly represented as they really are; no evidence smothered or stifled. Waterland.

Stifle

Sti"fle (?), v. i. To die by reason of obstruction of the breath, or because some noxious substance prevents respiration.
You shall stifle in your own report. Shak.

Stifled

Sti"fled (?), a. Stifling.
The close and stifled study. Hawthorne.

Stifler

Sti"fler (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, stifles.

2. (Mil.) See Camouflet.

Stigma

Stig"ma (?), n.; pl. E. Stigmas (#), L. Stigmata (#). [L., a mark, a brand, from Gr. Stick, v. t.]

1. A mark made with a burning iron; a brand.

2. Any mark of infamy or disgrace; sign of moral blemish; stain or reproach caused by dishonorable conduct; reproachful characterization.

The blackest stigma that can be fastened upon him. Bp. Hall.
All such slaughters were from thence called Bartelmies, simply in a perpetual stigma of that butchery. Sir G. Buck.

3. (Bot.) That part of a pistil which has no epidermis, and is fitted to receive the pollen. It is usually the terminal portion, and is commonly somewhat glutinous or viscid. See Illust. of Stamen and of Flower.

4. (Anat.) A small spot, mark, scar, or a minute hole; -- applied especially to a spot on the outer surface of a Graafian follicle, and to spots of intercellular substance in scaly epithelium, or to minute holes in such spots.

5. (Pathol.) A red speck upon the skin, produced either by the extravasation of blood, as in the bloody sweat characteristic of certain varieties of religious ecstasy, or by capillary congestion, as in the case of drunkards.

6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the external openings of the trache\'91 of insects, myriapods, and other arthropods; a spiracle. (b) One of the apertures of the pulmonary sacs of arachnids. See Illust. of Scorpion. (c) One of the apertures of the gill of an ascidian, and of Amphioxus.

7. (Geom.) A point so connected by any law whatever with another point, called an index, that as the index moves in any manner in a plane the first point or stigma moves in a determinate way in the same plane.

8. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Marks believed to have been supernaturally impressed upon the bodies of certain persons in imitation of the wounds on the crucified body of Christ. See def. 5, above.

Stigmaria

Stig*ma"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Stigma.] (Paleon.) The fossil root stem of a coal plant of the genus Sigillaria.

Stigmata

Stig"ma*ta (?), n.; pl. of Stigma.

Stigmatic

Stig*mat"ic (?), n.

1. A notorious profligate or criminal who has been branded; one who bears the marks of infamy or punishment. [R.] Bullokar.

2. A person who is marked or deformed by nature. Shak.

Stigmatic, Stigmatical

Stig*mat"ic (?), Stig*mat"ic*al (?), a. [See Stigma.]

1. Marked with a stigma, or with something reproachful to character.

2. Impressing with infamy or reproach. [R.]

3. (Bot., Anat., etc) Of or pertaining to a stigma or stigmata.

Stigmatic geometry, ∨ Stigmatics, that science in which the correspondence of index and stigma (see Stigma, 7) is made use of to establish geometrical proportions.

Stigmatically

Stig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. With a stigma, or mark of infamy or deformity.

Stigmatist

Stig"ma*tist (?), n. One believed to be supernaturally impressed with the marks of Christ's wounds. See Stigma, 8.

Stigmatization

Stig`ma*ti*za"tion (?), n.

1. The act of stigmatizing.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The production of stigmata upon the body. See Stigma, 8.

Stigmatize

Stig"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stigmatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stigmatizing (?).] [F. stigmatiser, Gr.

1. To mark with a stigma, or brand; as, the ancients stigmatized their slaves and soldiers.

That . . . hold out both their ears with such delight and ravishment, to be stigmatized and bored through in witness of their own voluntary and beloved baseness. Milton.

2. To set a mark of disgrace on; to brand with some mark of reproach or infamy.

To find virtue extolled and vice stigmatized. Addison.

Stigmatose

Stig"ma*tose` (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Stigmatic.

Stigonomancy

Stig"o*no*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by writing on the bark of a tree.

Stike

Stike (?), n. [See Stich.] Stanza. [Obs.] Sackville.

Stilar

Sti"lar (?), a. [From Stile a style.] Of or pertaining to the style of a dial. [Written also stylar.]

Stilbene

Stil"bene (?), n. [See Stilbite.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C14H12, produced artificially in large, fine crystals; -- called also diphenyl ethylene, toluylene, etc.

Stilbite

Stil"bite (?), n. [Gr. stilbite.] (Min.) A common mineral of the zeolite family, a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime, usually occurring in sheaflike aggregations of crystals, also in radiated masses. It is of a white or yellowish color, with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. Called also desmine.

Stile

Stile (?), n. [See Style.]

1. A pin set on the face of a dial, to cast a shadow; a style. See Style. Moxon.

2. Mode of composition. See Style. [Obs.]

May I not write in such a stile as this? Bunyan.

Stile

Stile, n. [OE. stile, AS. stigel a step, a ladder, from st\'c6gan to ascend; akin to OHG. stigila a stile. \'fb164. See Sty, v. i., and cf. Stair.]

1. A step, or set of steps, for ascending and descending, in passing a fence or wall.

There comes my master . . . over the stile, this way. Shak.
Over this stile in the way to Doubting Castle. Bunyan.

2. (Arch.) One of the upright pieces in a frame; one of the primary members of a frame, into which the secondary members are mortised. &hand; In an ordinary door the principal upright pieces are called stiles, the subordinate upright pieces mullions, and the crosspieces rails. In wainscoting the principal pieces are sometimes called stiles, even when horizontal.

Hanging stile, Pulley stile. See under Hanging, and Pulley.

Stilet

Sti"let (?), n. [Written also stilette, and stylet.]

1. A stiletto. [R.]

2. (Surg.) See Stylet, 2.

Stiletto

Sti*let"to (?), n.; pl. Stilettos (#). [It., dim. of stilo a dagger, fr. L. stilus a pointed instrument. See Style for writing, and cf. Stylet.]

1. A kind of dagger with a slender, rounded, and pointed blade.

2. A pointed instrument for making eyelet holes in embroidery.

3. A beard trimmed into a pointed form. [Obs.]

The very quack of fashions, the very he that Wears a stiletto on his chin. Ford.

Stiletto

Sti*let"to, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stilettoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stilettoing (?).] To stab or kill with a stiletto. Bacon.

Still

Still (?), a. [Compar. Stiller (?); superl. Stillest.] [OE. stille, AS. stille; akin to D. stil, OS. & OHG. stilli, G. still, Dan. stille, Sw. stilla, and to E. stall; from the idea of coming to a stand, or halt. Cf. Still, adv.]

1. Motionless; at rest; quiet; as, to stand still; to lie or sit still. "Still as any stone." Chaucer.

2. Uttering no sound; silent; as, the audience is still; the animals are still.

The sea that roared at thy command, At thy command was still. Addison.

3. Not disturbed by noise or agitation; quiet; calm; as, a still evening; a still atmosphere. "When all the woods are still." Milton.

4. Comparatively quiet or silent; soft; gentle; low. "A still small voice." 1 Kings xix. 12.

5. Constant; continual. [Obs.]

By still practice learn to know thy meaning. Shak.

6. Not effervescing; not sparkling; as, still wines.

Still life. (Fine Arts) (a) Inanimate objects. (b) (Painting) The class or style of painting which represents inanimate objects, as fruit, flowers, dead game, etc. Syn. -- Quiet; calm; noiseless; serene; motionless; inert; stagnant.

Still

Still, n. [Cf. G. stille.]

1. Freedom from noise; calm; silence; as, the still of midnight. [Poetic]<-- the still of the night -->

2. A steep hill or ascent. [Obs.] W. Browne.

Still

Still, adv. [AS. stille quietly. See Still, a. The modern senses come from the idea of stopping and staying still, or motionless.]

1. To this time; until and during the time now present; now no less than before; yet.

It hath been anciently reported, and is still received. Bacon.

2. In the future as now and before.

Hourly joys be still upon you! Shak.

3. In continuation by successive or repeated acts; always; ever; constantly; uniformly.

The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; he is still afraid lest any of his actions should be thrown away in private. Addison.
Chemists would be rich if they could still do in great quantities what they have sometimes done in little. Boyle.

4. In an increasing or additional degree; even more; -- much used with comparatives.

The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed. Shak.

5. Notwithstanding what has been said or done; in spite of what has occured; nevertheless; -- sometimes used as a conjunction. See Synonym of But.

As sunshine, broken in the rill, Though turned astray, is sunshine still. Moore.

6. After that; after what is stated.

In the primitive church, such as by fear being compelled to sacrifice to strange gods, after repented, and kept still the office of preaching the gospel. Whitgift.
Still and anon, at intervals and repeatedly; continually; ever and anon; now and then.
And like the watchful minutes to the hour, Still and anon cheered up the heavy time. Shak.

Still

Still, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stilling.] [AS. stillan, from stille still, quiet, firm. See Still, a.]

1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to cause to become quiet, or comparatively quiet; to check the agitation of; as, to still the raging sea.

He having a full sway over the water, had power to still and compose it, as well as to move and disturb it. Woodward.

2. To stop, as noise; to silence.

With his name the mothers still their babies. Shak.

3. To appease; to calm; to quiet, as tumult, agitation, or excitement; as, to still the passions. Shak.

Toil that would, at least, have stilled an unquiet impulse in me. Hawthorne.
Syn. -- To quiet; calm; allay; lull; pacify; appease; subdue; suppress; silence; stop; check; restrain.
Page 1415

Still

Still (?), n. [Cf. OE. stillatorie. See Still, v., to distill.]

1. A vessel, boiler, or copper used in the distillation of liquids; specifically, one used for the distillation of alcoholic liquors; a retort. The name is sometimes applied to the whole apparatus used in in vaporization and condensation.

2. A house where liquors are distilled; a distillery.

Still watcher, a device for indicating the progress of distillation by the density of the liquid given over. Knight.

Still

Still, v. t. [Abbreviated fr. distill.]

1. To cause to fall by drops.

2. To expel spirit from by heat, or to evaporate and condense in a refrigeratory; to distill. Tusser.

Still

Still, v. i. [L. stillare. Cf. Distill.] To drop, or flow in drops; to distill. [Obs.] Spenser.

Stillage

Stil"lage (?), n. (Bleaching) A low stool to keep the goods from touching the floor. Knight.

Stillatitious

Stil`la*ti"tious (?), a. [L. stillaticius, fr. stillare to drop, stilla a drop.] Falling in drops; drawn by a still.

Stillatory

Stil"la*to*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [From Still, for distill. Cf. Still, n., and Distillatory, a.]

1. An alembic; a vessel for distillation. [R.] Bacon.

2. A laboratory; a place or room in which distillation is performed. [R.] Dr. H. More. Sir H. Wotton.

Stillbirth

Still"birth` (?), n. The birth of a dead fetus.

Stillborn

Still"born` (?), a.

1. Dead at the birth; as, a stillborn child.

2. Fig.: Abortive; as, a stillborn poem. Swift.

Still-burn

Still"-burn` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. still-burnt (?) or Still-burned (; p. pr. & vb. n. Still-burning.] To burn in the process of distillation; as, to still-burn brandy.

Still-closing

Still"-clos"ing (?), a. Ever closing. [Obs.] "Still-clothing waters." Shak.

Stiller

Still"er (?), n. One who stills, or quiets.

Stillhouse

Still"house` (?), n. A house in which distillation is carried on; a distillery.

Still-hunt

Still"-hunt` (?), n. A hunting for game in a quiet and cautious manner, or under cover; stalking; hence, colloquially, the pursuit of any object quietly and cautiously. -- Still"-hunt`er (#), n. -- Still"-hunt`ing, n. [U.S.]

Stillicide

Stil"li*cide (?), n. [L. stillicidium; stilla a drop + cadere to fall.] A continual falling or succession of drops; rain water falling from the eaves. Bacon.

Stillicidious

Stil`li*cid"i*ous (?), a. Falling in drops. [Obs.]

Stilliform

Stil"li*form (?), a. [L. stilla a drop + -form.] Having the form of a drop. Owen.

Stilling

Still"ing (?), n. [Cf. LG. stelling, G. stellen to set, to place.] A stillion. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Stillion

Stil"lion (?), n. [See Stilling.] A stand, as for casks or vats in a brewery, or for pottery while drying.

Stillness

Still"ness (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.

Painting, then, was the art demanded by the modern intellect upon its emergence from the stillness of the Middle Ages. J. A. Symonds.

2. Habitual silence or quiet; taciturnity.

The gravity and stillness of your youth The world hath noted. Shak.

Stillroom

Still"room` (?), n.

1. A room for distilling.

2. An apartment in a house where liquors, preserves, and the like, are kept. [Eng.]

Floors are rubbed bright, . . . stillroom and kitchen cleared for action. Dickens.

Stillstand

Still"stand` (?), n. A standstill. [R.] Shak.

Stilly

Still"y (?), a. Still; quiet; calm.
The stilly hour when storms are gone. Moore.

Stilly

Stil"ly (?), adv. In a still manner; quietly; silently; softly. Dr. H. More.
The hum of either army stilly sounds. Shak.

Stilpnomelane

Stilp*nom"e*lane (?), n. [Gr. stilpno`s shining + me`las, -anos, black.] (Min.) A black or greenish black mineral occurring in foliated flates, also in velvety bronze-colored incrustations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and alumina.

Stilt

Stilt (?), n. [OE. stilte; akin to Dan. stylte, Sw. stylta, LG. & D. stelt, OHG. stelza, G. stelze, and perh. to E. stout.]

1. A pole, or piece of wood, constructed with a step or loop to raise the foot above the ground in walking. It is sometimes lashed to the leg, and sometimes prolonged upward so as to be steadied by the hand or arm.

Ambition is but avarice on stilts, and masked. Landor.

2. A crutch; also, the handle of a plow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of limicoline birds belonging to Himantopus and allied genera, in which the legs are remarkably long and slender. Called also longshanks, stiltbird, stilt plover, and lawyer. &hand; The American species (Himantopus Mexicanus) is well known. The European and Asiatic stilt (H. candidus) is usually white, except the wings and interscapulars, which are greenish black. The white-headed stilt (H. leucocephalus) and the banded stilt (Cladorhynchus pectoralis) are found in Australia.

Stilt plover (Zo\'94l.), the stilt. -- Stilt sandpiper (Zo\'94l.), an American sandpiper (Micropalama himantopus) having long legs. The bill is somewhat expanded at the tip.

Stilt

Stilt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stilted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stilting.] To raise on stilts, or as if on stilts.

Stiltbird

Stilt"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Stilt, n., 3.

Stilted

Stilt"ed, a. Elevated as if on stilts; hence, pompous; bombastic; as, a stilted style; stilted declamation. <-- also, formal or stiff; -- said of linguistic style --> Stilted arch (Arch.), an arch in which the springing line is some distance above the impost, the space between being occupied by a vertical member, molded or ornamented, as a continuation of the archivolt, intrados, etc.

Stiltify

Stilt"i*fy (?), v. t. [Stilt + -fy.] To raise upon stilts, or as upon stilts; to stilt.

Stilty

Stilt"y (?), a. Unreasonably elevated; pompous; stilted; as, a stilty style.

Stime

Stime (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] A slight gleam or glimmer; a glimpse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Stimulant

Stim"u*lant (?), a. [L. stimulans, p.pr.; cf. F. stimulant. See Stimulate.]

1. Serving to stimulate.

2. (Physiol.) Produced increased vital action in the organism, or in any of its parts.

Stimulant

Stim"u*lant, n. [Cf. F. stimulant.]

1. That which stimulates, provokes, or excites.

His feelings had been exasperated by the constant application of stimulants. Macaulay.

2. (Physiol. & Med.) An agent which produces a temporary increase of vital activity in the organism, or in any of its parts; -- sometimes used without qualification to signify an alcoholic beverage used as a stimulant.

Stimulate

Stim"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stimulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stimulating.] [L. stimulatus, p.p. of stimulare to prick or goad on, to incite, fr. stimulus a goad. See Stimulus.]

1. To excite as if with a goad; to excite, rouse, or animate, to action or more vigorous exertion by some pungent motive or by persuasion; as, to stimulate one by the hope of reward, or by the prospect of glory.

To excite and stimulate us thereunto. Dr. J. Scott.

2. (Physiol.) To excite; to irritate; especially, to excite the activity of (a nerve or an irritable muscle), as by electricity. Syn. -- To animate; incite; encourage; impel; urge; instigate; irritate; exasperate; incense.

Stimulation

Stim`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. stimulatio: cf. F. stimulation.]

1. The act of stimulating, or the state of being stimulated.

2. (Physiol.) The irritating action of various agents (stimuli) on muscles, nerves, or a sensory end organ, by which activity is evoked; especially, the nervous impulse produced by various agents on nerves, or a sensory end organ, by which the part connected with the nerve is thrown into a state of activity; irritation.

Stimulative

Stim"u*la*tive (?), a. Having the quality of stimulating. -- n. That which stimulates.

Stimulator

Stim"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. stimulateur.] One who stimulates.

Stimulatress

Stim"u*la`tress (?), n. A woman who stimulates.

Stimulism

Stim"u*lism (?), n. (Med.) (a) The theory of medical practice which regarded life as dependent upon stimulation, or excitation, and disease as caused by excess or deficiency in the amount of stimulation. (b) The practice of treating disease by alcoholic stimulants. Dr. H. Hartshorne.

Stimulus

Stim"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Stimuli (#). [L., for stigmulus, akin to L. instigare to stimulate. See Instigare, Stick, v. t.]

1. A goad; hence, something that rouses the mind or spirits; an incentive; as, the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus to labor and action.

2. That which excites or produces a temporary increase of vital action, either in the whole organism or in any of its parts; especially (Physiol.), any substance or agent capable of evoking the activity of a nerve or irritable muscle, or capable of producing an impression upon a sensory organ or more particularly upon its specific end organ. &hand; Of the stimuli applied to the sensory apparatus, physiologists distinguish two kinds: (a) Homologous stimuli, which act only upon the end organ, and for whose action the sense organs are especially adapted, as the rods and cones of the retina for the vibrations of the either. (b) Heterologous stimuli, which are mechanical, chemical, electrical, etc., and act upon the nervous elements of the sensory apparatus along their entire course, producing, for example, the flash of light beheld when the eye is struck. Landois & Stirling.

Sting

Sting (?), n. [AS. sting a sting. See Sting, v. t.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any sharp organ of offense and defense, especially when connected with a poison gland, and adapted to inflict a wound by piercing; as the caudal sting of a scorpion. The sting of a bee or wasp is a modified ovipositor. The caudal sting, or spine, of a sting ray is a modified dorsal fin ray. The term is sometimes applied to the fang of a serpent. See Illust. of Scorpion.

2. (Bot.) A sharp-pointed hollow hair seated on a gland which secrets an acrid fluid, as in nettles. The points of these hairs usually break off in the wound, and the acrid fluid is pressed into it.

3. Anything that gives acute pain, bodily or mental; as, the stings of remorse; the stings of reproach.

The sting of death is sin. 1 Cor. xv. 56.

4. The thrust of a sting into the flesh; the act of stinging; a wound inflicted by stinging. "The lurking serpent's mortal sting." Shak.

5. A goad; incitement. Shak.

6. The point of an epigram or other sarcastic saying.

Sting moth (Zo\'94l.), an Australian moth (Doratifera vulnerans) whose larva is armed, at each end of the body, with four tubercles bearing powerful stinging organs. -- Sting ray. (Zo\'94l.) See under 6th Ray. -- Sting winkle (Zo\'94l.), a spinose marine univalve shell of the genus Murex, as the European species (Murex erinaceus). See Illust. of Murex.

Sting

Sting, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stung (?) (Archaic Stang (); p. pr. & vb. n. Stinging.] [AS. stingan; akin to Icel. & Sw. stinga, Dan. stinge, and probably to E. stick, v.t.; cf. Goth. usstiggan to put out, pluck out. Cf. Stick, v. t.]

1. To pierce or wound with a sting; as, bees will sting an animal that irritates them; the nettles stung his hands.

2. To pain acutely; as, the conscience is stung with remorse; to bite. "Slander stings the brave." Pope.

3. To goad; to incite, as by taunts or reproaches.

Stingaree

Sting`a*ree" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any sting ray. See under 6th Ray.

Stingbull

Sting"bull` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European greater weever fish (Trachinus draco), which is capable of inflicting severe wounds with the spinous rays of its dorsal fin. See Weever.

Stinger

Sting"er (?), n. One who, or that which, stings.
Professor E. Forbes states that only a small minority of the medus\'91 of our seas are stingers. Owen.

Stingfish

Sting"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The weever.

Stingily

Stin"gi*ly (?), adv. In a stingy manner.

Stinginess

Stin"gi*ness, n. The quality or state of being stingy.

Stinging

Sting"ing (?), a. Piercing, or capable of piercing, with a sting; inflicting acute pain as if with a sting, goad, or pointed weapon; pungent; biting; as, stinging cold; a stinging rebuke. -- Sting"ing*ly, adv. Stinging cell. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lasso cell, under Lasso.

Stingless

Sting"less, a. Having no sting.

Stingo

Stin"go (?), n. [From Sting.] Old beer; sharp or strong liquor. [Old Slang]
Shall I set a cup of old stingo at your elbow? Addison.

Stingtail

Sting"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sting ray.

Stingy

Sting"y (?), a. Stinging; able to sting.

Stingy

Stin"gy (?), a. [Compar. Stingier (?); superl. Stingiest.] [Probably from sting, and meaning originally, stinging; hence, biting, nipping (of the wind), churlish, avaricious; or cf. E. skinch.] Extremely close and covetous; meanly avaricious; niggardly; miserly; penurious; as, a stingy churl.
A stingy, narrow-hearted fellow that had a deal of choice fruit, had not the heart to touch it till it began to be rotten. L'estrange.

Stink

Stink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stunk (?), Stank (, p. pr. & vb. n. Stinking.] [AS. stinkan to have a smell (whether good or bad); akin to OHG. stinchan, G. & D. stinken to stink; of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. st\'94kkva to leap, to spring, Goth. stigqan to push, strike, or Gr. Stench.] To emit a strong, offensive smell; to send out a disgusting odor.

Stink

Stink, v. t. To cause to stink; to affect by a stink.

Stink

Stink, n. [AS. stinc.] A strong, offensive smell; a disgusting odor; a stench. Fire stink. See under Fire. -- Stink-fire lance. See under Lance. -- Stink rat (Zo\'94l.), the musk turtle. [Local, U.S.] -- Stink shad (Zo\'94l.), the gizzard shad. [Local, U.S.] Stink trap, a stench trap. See under Stench.

Stinkard

Stink"ard (?), n.

1. A mean, stinking, paltry fellow. B. Jonson.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The teledu of the East Indies. It emits a disagreeable odor.

Stinkball

Stink"ball` (?), n. A composition of substances which in combustion emit a suffocating odor; -- used formerly in naval warfare.

Stinker

Stink"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, stinks.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the several species of large antarctic petrels which feed on blubber and carrion and have an offensive odor, as the giant fulmar.

Stinkhorn

Stink"horn` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of fungus of the genus Phallus, which emits a fetid odor.

Stinking

Stink"ing, a. & n. from Stink, v. Stinking badger (Zo\'94l.), the teledu. -- Stinking cedar (Bot.), the California nutmeg tree; also, a related tree of Florida (Torreya taxifolia).

Stinkingly

Stink"ing*ly, adv. In a stinking manner; with an offensive smell.

Stinkpot

Stink"pot` (?), n.

1. An earthen jar charged with powder, grenades, and other materials of an offensive and suffocating smell, -- sometimes used in boarding an enemy's vessel.

2. A vessel in which disinfectants are burned.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The musk turtle, or musk tortoise. See under Musk.

Stinkstone

Stink"stone` (?), n. (Min.) One of the varieties of calcite, barite, and feldspar, which emit a fetid odor on being struck; -- called also swinestone.

Stinkweed

Stink"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Stramonium. See Jamestown weed, and Datura.
Page 1416

Stinkwood

Stink"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several kinds of wood with an unpleasant smell, as that of the F\'d2tidia Mauritiana of the Mauritius, and that of the South African Ocotea bullata.

Stint

Stint (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of small sandpipers, as the sanderling of Europe and America, the dunlin, the little stint of India (Tringa minuta), etc. Called also pume. (b) A phalarope.

Stint

Stint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stinting.] [OE. stinten, stenten, stunten, to cause to cease, AS. styntan (in comp.) to blunt, dull, fr. stunt dull, stupid; akin to Icel. stytta to shorten, stuttr short, dial, Sw. stynta to shorten, stunt short. Cf. Stent, Stunt.]

1. To restrain within certain limits; to bound; to confine; to restrain; to restrict to a scant allowance.

I shall not go about to extenuate the latitude of the curse upon the earth, or stint it only to the production of weeds. Woodward.
She stints them in their meals. Law.

2. To put an end to; to stop. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To assign a certain (i. e., limited) task to (a person), upon the performance of which one is excused from further labor for the day or for a certain time; to stent.

4. To serve successfully; to get with foal; -- said of mares.

The majority of maiden mares will become stinted while at work. J. H. Walsh.

Stint

Stint, v. i. To stop; to cease. [Archaic]
They can not stint till no thing be left. Chaucer.
And stint thou too, I pray thee. Shak.
The damsel stinted in her song. Sir W. Scott.
<-- 2. to be parsimonious in expending some resource; -- used with "on" to indicate the item conserved. "Don't stint on the potatos!" -->

Stint

Stint, n. [Also written stent. See Stint, v. t.]

1. Limit; bound; restraint; extent.

God has wrote upon no created thing the utmost stint of his power. South.

2. Quantity or task assigned; proportion allotted.

His old stint -- three thousand pounds a year. Cowper.
<-- 3. A period of work at a specific task; as, to do one's stint in the army, an actor who did a stint as a cab driver. -->

Stintance

Stint"ance (?), n. Restraint; stoppage. [Obs.]

Stintedness

Stint"ed*ness, n. The state of being stinted.

Stinter

Stint"er (?), n. One who, or that which, stints.

Stintless

Stint"less, a. Without stint or restraint.
The stintlesstears of old Heraclitus. Marston.

Stipe

Stipe (?), n. [L. stipes a stock, post, branch: cf. F. stipe.] (Bot.) (a) The stalk or petiole of a frond, as of a fern. (b) The stalk of a pistil. (c) The trunk of a tree. (d) The stem of a fungus or mushroom.

Stipel

Sti"pel (?), n. [See Stipule.] (Bot.) The stipule of a leaflet. Gray.

Stipellate

Sti*pel"late (?), a. (Bot.) Having stipels.

Stipend

Sti"pend (?), n. [L. stipendium; stips, gen. stipis, a gift, donation, given in small coin + pendere to weigh or pay out.] Settled pay or compensation for services, whether paid daily, monthly, or annually.

Stipend

Sti"pend, v. t. To pay by settled wages. [R.]

Stipendiarian

Sti*pen`di*a"ri*an (?), a. Acting from mercenary considerations; stipendiary. A. Seward.

Stipendiary

Sti*pen"di*a*ry (?), a. [L. stipendiarius: cf. F. stipendiaire.] Receiving wages, or salary; performing services for a stated price or compensation.
His great stipendiary prelates came with troops of evil-appointed horseman not half full. Knolles.

Stipendiary

Sti*pen"di*a*ry, n.; pl. Stipendiaries (. One who receives a stipend.
If thou art become A tyrant's vile stipendiary. Glover.

Stipendiate

Sti*pen"di*ate (?), v. t. [L. stipendiatus, p.p. of stipendiari to receive pay.] To provide with a stipend, or salary; to support; to pay. Evelyn.
It is good to endow colleges, and to found chairs, and to stipendiate professors. I. Taylor.

Stipendless

Sti"pend*less (st&imac;"p&ecr;nd*l&ecr;s), a. Having no stipend.

Stipes

Sti"pes (-p&emac;z), n.; pl. Stipites (#). [L., a stock.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The second joint of a maxilla of an insect or a crustacean. (b) An eyestalk.

Stipitate

Stip"i*tate (?), a. [NL. stipitatus, from L. stipes, gen. stipitis, a stock. See Stipe.] (Bot.) Supported by a stipe; elevated on a stipe, as the fronds of most ferns, or the pod of certain cruciferous plants.

Stipitiform

Stip"i*ti*form (?), a. [Stipes + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of a stalk; stalklike.

Stipple

Stip"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stippled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stippling (?).] [D. stippelen to make points, to spot, dot, from stippel, dim. of stip a dot, spot.]

1. To engrave by means of dots, in distinction from engraving in lines.

The interlaying of small pieces can not altogether avoid a broken, stippled, spotty effect. Milman.

2. To paint, as in water colors, by small, short touches which together produce an even or softly graded surface.

Stipple, Stippling

Stip"ple (?), Stip"pling (?), n. (Engraving) A mode of execution which produces the effect by dots or small points instead of lines.

2. (Paint.) A mode of execution in which a flat or even tint is produced by many small touches.

Stiptic

Stip"tic (?), a. & n. (Med.) See Styptic.

Stipula

Stip"u*la (?), n.; pl. E. Stipulas (#), L. Stipul\'91 (#). [L., a stalk, stem.]

1. (Bot.) A stipule.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A newly sprouted feather.

Stipulaceous, Stipular

Stip`u*la"ceous (?), Stip"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. stipulac\'82, stipulaire. See Stipula.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to stipules; resembling stipules; furnished with stipules; growing on stipules, or close to them; occupying the position of stipules; as, stipular glands and stipular tendrils.

Stipulary

Stip"u*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to stipules; stipular.

Stipulate

Stip"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with stipules; as, a stipulate leaf.

Stipulate

Stip"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stipulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stipulating.] [L. stipulatus, p.p. of stipulari to stipulate, fr. OL. stipulus firm, fast; probably akin to L. stipes a post. Cf. Stiff.] To make an agreement or covenant with any person or company to do or forbear anything; to bargain; to contract; to settle terms; as, certain princes stipulated to assist each other in resisting the armies of France.

Stipulation

Stip`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. stipulatio: cf. F. stipulation.]

1. The act of stipulating; a contracting or bargaining; an agreement.

2. That which is stipulated, or agreed upon; that which is definitely arranged or contracted; an agreement; a covenant; a contract or bargain; also, any particular article, item, or condition, in a mutual agreement; as, the stipulations of the allied powers to furnish each his contingent of troops.

3. (Law) A material article of an agreement; an undertaking in the nature of bail taken in the admiralty courts; a bargain. Bouvier. Wharton. Syn. -- Agreement; contract; engagement. See Covenant.

Stipulation

Stip`u*la"tion, n. [See Stipule.] (Bot.) The situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules.

Stipulator

Stip"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who stipulates, contracts, or covenants.

Stipule

Stip"ule (?), n. [L. stipula a stalk, stem, straw: cf. F. stipule. Cf. Stubble.] (Bot.) An appendage at the base of petioles or leaves, usually somewhat resembling a small leaf in texture and appearance.

Stipuled

Stip"uled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with stipules, or leafy appendages.

Stir

Stir (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stirred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stirring.] [OE. stiren, steren, sturen, AS. styrian; probably akin to D. storen to disturb, G. st\'94ren, OHG. st\'d3ren to scatter, destroy. \'fb166.]

1. To change the place of in any manner; to move.

My foot I had never yet in five days been able to stir. Sir W. Temple.

2. To disturb the relative position of the particles of, as of a liquid, by passing something through it; to agitate; as, to stir a pudding with a spoon.

My mind is troubled, like a fountain stirred. Shak.

3. To bring into debate; to agitate; to moot.

Stir not questions of jurisdiction. Bacon.

4. To incite to action; to arouse; to instigate; to prompt; to excite. "To stir men to devotion." Chaucer.

An Ate, stirring him to blood and strife. Shak.
And for her sake some mutiny will stir. Dryden.
&hand; In all senses except the first, stir is often followed by up with an intensive effect; as, to stir up fire; to stir up sedition. Syn. -- To move; incite; awaken; rouse; animate; stimulate; excite; provoke.

Stir

Stir, v. i.

1. To move; to change one's position.

I had not power to stir or strive, But felt that I was still alive. Byron.

2. To be in motion; to be active or bustling; to exert or busy one's self.

All are not fit with them to stir and toil. Byron.
The friends of the unfortunate exile, far from resenting his unjust suspicions, were stirring anxiously in his behalf. Merivale.

3. To become the object of notice; to be on foot.

They fancy they have a right to talk freely upon everything that stirs or appears. I. Watts.

4. To rise, or be up, in the morning. [Colloq.] Shak.

Stir

Stir, n.

1. The act or result of stirring; agitation; tumult; bustle; noise or various movements.

Why all these words, this clamor, and this stir? Denham.
Consider, after so much stir about genus and species, how few words we have yet settled definitions of. Locke.

2. Public disturbance or commotion; tumultuous disorder; seditious uproar.

Being advertised of some stirs raised by his unnatural sons in England. Sir J. Davies.

3. Agitation of thoughts; conflicting passions.

Stirabout

Stir"a*bout` (?), n. A dish formed of oatmeal boiled in water to a certain consistency and frequently stirred, or of oatmeal and dripping mixed together and stirred about in a pan; a hasty pudding.

Stiriated

Stir"i*a`ted (?), a. [L. stiria an icicle.] Adorned with pendants like icicles.

Stirious

Stir"i*ous (?), a. [L. stiria an icicle.] Resembling icicles. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Stirk

Stirk (?), n. [AS. stric, from ste\'a2r a steer. See Steer a young ox.] A young bullock or heifer. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Stirless

Stir"less (?), a. Without stirring; very quiet; motionless. "Lying helpless and stirless." Hare.

Stirp

Stirp (?), n. [L. stirps, stirpis.] Stock; race; family. [Obs.] Bacon.

Stirpiculture

Stir"pi*cul`ture (?), n. [L. stirps, stirpis, stem, stock, race + cultura culture.] The breeding of special stocks or races.

Stirps

Stirps (?), n.; pl. Stirpes (#). [L., stem, stock.]

1. (Law) Stock; race; family. Blackstone.

2. (Bot.) A race, or a fixed and permanent variety.

Stirrage

Stir"rage (?), n. The act of stirring; stir; commotion. [Obs.] T. Granger.

Stirrer

Stir"rer (?), n. One who, or that which, stirs something; also, one who moves about, especially after sleep; as, an early stirrer. Shak. Stirrer up, an instigator or inciter. Atterbury.

Stirring

Stir"ring (?), a. Putting in motion, or being in motion; active; active in business; habitually employed in some kind of business; accustomed to a busy life.
A more stirring and intellectual age than any which had gone before it. Southey.
Syn. -- Animating; arousing; awakening; stimulating; quickening; exciting.

Stirrup

Stir"rup (?), n. [OE. stirop, AS. stigr\'bep; st\'c6gan to mount, ascend + r\'bep a rope; akin to G. stegreif a stirrup. \'fb164. See Sty, v. i., and Rope.]

1. A kind of ring, or bent piece of metal, wood, leather, or the like, horizontal in one part for receiving the foot of a rider, and attached by a strap to the saddle, -- used to assist a person in mounting a horse, and to enable him to sit steadily in riding, as well as to relieve him by supporting a part of the weight of the body.

Our host upon his stirpoes stood anon. Chaucer.

2. (Carp. & Mach.) Any piece resembling in shape the stirrup of a saddle, and used as a support, clamp, etc. See Bridle iron.

3. (Naut.) A rope secured to a yard, with a thimble in its lower end for supporting a footrope. Totten.

Stirrup bone (Anat.), the stapes. -- Stirrup cup, a parting cup taken after mounting. -- Stirrup iron, an iron stirrup. -- Stirrup leather, ∨ Stirrup strap, the strap which attaches a stirrup to the saddle. See Stirrup, 1.

Stirt

Stirt (?), obs. p. p. of Start, v. i. Started; leaped.
They privily be stirt into a well. Chaucer.

Stirte

Stir"te (?), obs. imp. of Start, v. i. & t. Chaucer.

Stitch

Stitch (?), n. [OE. stiche, AS. stice a pricking, akin to stician to prick. See Stick, v. i.]

1. A single pass of a needle in sewing; the loop or turn of the thread thus made.

2. A single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting; a link, or loop, of yarn; as, to let down, or drop, a stitch; to take up a stitch.

3. [Cf. OE. sticche, stecche, stucche, a piece, AS. stycce. Cf. Stock.] A space of work taken up, or gone over, in a single pass of the needle; hence, by extension, any space passed over; distance.

You have gone a good stitch. Bunyan.
In Syria the husbandmen go lightly over with their plow, and take no deep stitch in making their furrows. Holland.

4. A local sharp pain; an acute pain, like the piercing of a needle; as, a stitch in the side.

He was taken with a cold and with stitches, which was, indeed, a pleurisy. Bp. Burnet.

5. A contortion, or twist. [Obs.]

If you talk, Or pull your face into a stitch again, I shall be angry. Marston.

6. Any least part of a fabric or dress; as, to wet every stitch of clothes. [Colloq.]

7. A furrow. Chapman.

Chain stitch, Lock stitch. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pearl, ∨ Purl stitch. See 2nd Purl, 2.

Stitch

Stitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stitching.]

1. To form stitches in; especially, to sew in such a manner as to show on the surface a continuous line of stitches; as, to stitch a shirt bosom.

2. To sew, or unite together by stitches; as, to stitch printed sheets in making a book or a pamphlet.

3. (Agric.) To form land into ridges.

To stitch up, to mend or unite with a needle and thread; as, to stitch up a rent; to stitch up an artery.

Stitch

Stitch, v. i. To practice stitching, or needlework.

Stitchel

Stitch"el (?), n. A kind of hairy wool. [Prov.]

Stitcher

Stitch"er (?), n. One who stitches; a seamstress.

Stitchery

Stitch"er*y (?), n. Needlework; -- in comtempt. Shak.

Stitching

Stitch"ing, n.

1. The act of one who stitches.

2. Work done by sewing, esp. when a continuous line of stitches is shown on the surface; stitches, collectively.

Stitchwort

Stitch"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Stichwort.

Stith

Stith (?), a. [AS. st\'c6.] Strong; stiff; rigid. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Stith

Stith, n. [Icel. ste an anvil, akin to sta place. See Stead.] An anvil; a stithy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
He invented also pincers, hammers, iron crows, and the anvil, or stith. Holland.

Stithy

Stith"y (?), n. [See Stith, and cf. Stiddy.]

1. An anvil. Sir W. Scott.

2. A smith's shop; a smithy; a smithery; a forge. "As foul as Vulcan's stithy." Shak.

Stithy

Stith"y, v. t. To forge on an anvil.
The forge that stithied Mars his helm. Shak.

Stive

Stive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stiving.] [Probably fr. F. estiver to compress, stow, L. stipare: cf. It. stivare, Sp. estivar. Cf. Stevedore, Stiff.] To stuff; to crowd; to fill full; hence, to make hot and close; to render stifling. Sandys.
His chamber was commonly stived with friends or suitors of one kind or other. Sir H. Wotton.

Stive

Stive, v. i. To be stifled or suffocated.

Stive

Stive, n. The floating dust in flour mills caused by the operation or grinding. De Colange.

Stiver

Sti"ver (?), n. [D. stuiver; akin to G. st\'81ber, Dan. styver, Sw. styfver.] A Dutch coin, and money of account, of the value of two cents, or about one penny sterling; hence, figuratively, anything of little worth.

Stives

Stives (?), n. pl. [OE. See Stew.] Stews; a brothel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stoak

Stoak (?), v. t. [Cf. G. stocken.] (Naut.) To stop; to choke.

Stoat

Stoat (?), n. [OE. stot a stoat, horse, bullock; perhaps originally only of male animals, and akin to D. stooten to push, E. stutter; cf. Icel. st a bull, Sw. stut a bullock. Cf. Stot.] (Zo\'94l.) The ermine in its summer pelage, when it is reddish brown, but with a black tip to the tail. The name is sometimes applied also to other brown weasels.

Stocah

Sto"cah (?), n. [Ir. & Gael. stocach an idle fellow who lives on the industry of others, a lounger.] A menial attendant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Stoccade

Stoc*cade" (?), n. & v. See Stockade.

Stoccado

Stoc*ca"do (?), n. [F. estocade, fr. Sp. estocada, or It. stoccata, from Sp. estoque, or It. stocco, a rapier, fr. G. stock a stick. See Stock.] A stab; a thrust with a rapier. Shak.
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Stochastic

Sto*chas"tic (?), a. [Gr. Conjectural; able to conjecture. [Obs.] Whitefoot.

Stock

Stock (?), n. [AS. stocc a stock, trunk, stick; akin to D. stok, G. stock, OHG. stoc, Icel. stokkr, Sw. stock, Dan. stok, and AS. stycce a piece; cf. Skr. tuj to urge, thrust. Cf. Stokker, Stucco, and Tuck a rapier.]

1. The stem, or main body, of a tree or plant; the fixed, strong, firm part; the trunk.

Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock thereof die in the ground, yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant. Job xiv. 8,9.

2. The stem or branch in which a graft is inserted.

The scion overruleth the stock quite. Bacon.

3. A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a pillar; a firm support; a post.

All our fathers worshiped stocks and stones. Milton.
Item, for a stock of brass for the holy water, seven shillings; which, by the canon, must be of marble or metal, and in no case of brick. Fuller.

4. Hence, a person who is as dull and lifeless as a stock or post; one who has little sense.

Let's be no stoics, nor no stocks. Shak.

5. The principal supporting part; the part in which others are inserted, or to which they are attached. Specifically: -- (a) The wood to which the barrel, lock, etc., of a musket or like firearm are secured; also, a long, rectangular piece of wood, which is an important part of several forms of gun carriage. (b) The handle or contrivance by which bits are held in boring; a bitstock; a brace. (c) (Joinery) The block of wood or metal frame which constitutes the body of a plane, and in which the plane iron is fitted; a plane stock. (d) (Naut.) The wooden or iron crosspiece to which the shank of an anchor is attached. See Illust. of Anchor. (e) The support of the block in which an anvil is fixed, or of the anvil itself. (f) A handle or wrench forming a holder for the dies for cutting screws; a diestock. (g) The part of a tally formerly struck in the exchequer, which was delivered to the person who had lent the king money on account, as the evidence of indebtedness. See Counterfoil. [Eng.]

6. The original progenitor; also, the race or line of a family; the progenitor of a family and his direct descendants; lineage; family.

And stand betwixt them made, when, severally, All told their stock. Chapman.
Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock From Dardanus. Denham.

7. Money or capital which an individual or a firm employs in business; fund; in the United States, the capital of a bank or other company, in the form of transferable shares, each of a certain amount; money funded in government securities, called also the public funds; in the plural, property consisting of shares in joint-stock companies, or in the obligations of a government for its funded debt; -- so in the United States, but in England the latter only are called stocks, and the former shares.

8. (Bookkeeping) Same as Stock account, below.

9. Supply provided; store; accumulation; especially, a merchant's or manufacturer's store of goods; as, to lay in a stock of provisions.

Add to that stock which justly we bestow. Dryden.

10. (Agric.) Domestic animals or beasts collectively, used or raised on a farm; as, a stock of cattle or of sheep, etc.; -- called also live stock.

11. (Card Playing) That portion of a pack of cards not distributed to the players at the beginning of certain games, as gleek, etc., but which might be drawn from afterward as occasion required; a bank.

I must buy the stock; send me good cardings. Beau. & Fl.

12. A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado. [Obs.]

13. [Cf. Stocking.] A covering for the leg, or leg and foot; as, upper stocks (breeches); nether stocks (stockings). [Obs.]

With a linen stock on one leg. Shak.

14. A kind of stiff, wide band or cravat for the neck; as, a silk stock.

15. pl. A frame of timber, with holes in which the feet, or the feet and hands, of criminals were formerly confined by way of punishment.

He shall rest in my stocks. Piers Plowman.

16. pl. (Shipbuilding) The frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building.

17. pl. Red and gray bricks, used for the exterior of walls and the front of buildings. [Eng.]

18. (Bot.) Any cruciferous plant of the genus Matthiola; as, common stock (Matthiola incana) (see Gilly-flower); ten-weeks stock (M. annua).

19. (Geol.) An irregular metalliferous mass filling a large cavity in a rock formation, as a stock of lead ore deposited in limestone.

20. A race or variety in a species.

21. (Biol.) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of persons (see Person), as trees, chains of salp\'91, etc.

22. The beater of a fulling mill. Knight.

23. (Cookery) A liquid or jelly containing the juices and soluble parts of meat, and certain vegetables, etc., extracted by cooking; -- used in making soup, gravy, etc.

Bit stock. See Bitstock. -- Dead stock (Agric.), the implements of husbandry, and produce stored up for use; -- in distinction from live stock, or the domestic animals on the farm. See def. 10, above. -- Head stock. See Headstock. -- Paper stock, rags and other material of which paper is made. -- Stock account (Bookkeeping), an account on a merchant's ledger, one side of which shows the original capital, or stock, and the additions thereto by accumulation or contribution, the other side showing the amounts withdrawn. -- Stock car, a railway car for carrying cattle. -- Stock company (Com.), an incorporated company the capital of which is represented by marketable shares having a certain equal par value.<-- also, joint-stock company --> -- Stock duck (Zo\'94l.), the mallard. -- Stock exchange. (a) The building or place where stocks are bought and sold; stock market; hence, transactions of all kinds in stocks. (b) An association or body of stockbrokers who meet and transact business by certain recognized forms, regulations, and usages. Wharton. Brande & C. -- Stock farmer, a farmer who makes it his business to rear live stock. -- Stock gillyflower (Bot.), the common stock. See Stock, n., 18. -- Stock gold, gold laid up so as to form a stock, or hoard. -- Stock in trade, the goods kept for sale by a shopkeeper; the fittings and appliances of a workman. Simmonds. -- Stock list, a list of stocks, or shares, dealt in, of transactions, and of prices. -- Stock lock, a lock inclosed in a wooden case and attached to the face of a door. -- Stock market. (a) A place where stocks are bought and sold; the stock exchange. (b) A market for live stock. -- Stock pigeon. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Stockdove. -- Stock purse. (a) A common purse, as distinguished from a private purse. (b) (Mil.) Moneys saved out of the expenses of a company or regiment, and applied to objects of common interest. [Eng.] -- Stock shave, a tool used by blockmakers. -- Stock station, a place or district for rearing stock. [Australia] W. Howitt. -- Stock tackle (Naut.), a tackle used when the anchor is hoisted and secured, to keep its stock clear of the ship's sides. Totten. -- Stock taking, an examination and inventory made of goods or stock in a shop or warehouse; -- usually made periodically. -- Tail stock. See Tailstock. -- To have something on the stock, to be at work at something. -- To take stock, to take account of stock; to make an inventory of stock or goods on hand. Dickens. -- To take stock in. (a) To subscribe for, or purchase, shares in a stock company. (b) To put faith in; to accept as trustworthy; as, to take stock in a person's fidelity. [Slang] -- To take stock of, to take account of the stock of; to take an inventory of; hence, to ascertain the facts in regard to (something). [Eng.]
At the outset of any inquiry it is proper to take stock of the results obtained by previous explorers of the same field. Leslie Stephen.
Syn. -- Fund; capital; store; supply; accumulation; hoard; provision.

Stock

Stock (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stocking.]

1. To lay up; to put aside for future use; to store, as merchandise, and the like.

2. To provide with material requisites; to store; to fill; to supply; as, to stock a warehouse, that is, to fill it with goods; to stock a farm, that is, to supply it with cattle and tools; to stock land, that is, to occupy it with a permanent growth, especially of grass.

3. To suffer to retain milk for twenty-four hours or more previous to sale, as cows.

4. To put in the stocks. [R.] Shak.

To stock an anchor (Naut.), to fit it with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place. -- To stock cards (Card Playing), to arrange cards in a certain manner for cheating purposes. [Cant]<-- = to stack the deck --> -- To stock down (Agric.), to sow, as plowed land, with grass seed, in order that it may become swarded, and produce grass. -- To stock up, to extirpate; to dig up.

Stock

Stock, a. Used or employed for constant service or application, as if constituting a portion of a stock or supply; standard; permanent; standing; as, a stock actor; a stock play; a stock sermon. "A stock charge against Raleigh." C. Kingsley. Stock company (Theater), a company of actors regularly employed at one theater, or permanently acting together in various plays under one management.

Stockade

Stock*ade" (?), n. [F. estacade stockade, boom (confused in French with estocade; see 1st Stoccado); fr. It. steccata a palisade (influenced by OF. estach, estaque, a stake, post), or from Sp. estacada a palisade; both of German origin, and akin to E. stake, stick; cf. G. stecken stick, OHG. steccho. See Stake, n., Stick, n. & v. t., and cf. Estacade, Stacket.]

1. (Mil.) A line of stout posts or timbers set firmly in the earth in contact with each other (and usually with loopholes) to form a barrier, or defensive fortification. [Written also stoccade.]

2. An inclosure, or pen, made with posts and stakes.

Stockade

Stock*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stockaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Stockading.] To surround, fortify, or protect with a stockade.

Stock-blind

Stock"-blind` (?), a. Blind as a stock; wholly blind.

Stockbroker

Stock"bro`ker (?), n. A broker who deals in stocks.

Stockdove

Stock"dove` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A common European wild pigeon (Columba \'91nas), so called because at one time believed to be the stock of the domestic pigeon, or, according to some, from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of trees. &hand; The name is applied, also, to other related species, as the Indian stockdove (Palumb\'91na Eversmanni).

Stocker

Stock"er (?), n. One who makes or fits stocks, as of guns or gun carriages, etc.

Stockfish

Stock"fish` (?), n. [Cf. D. stokvisch.]

1. Salted and dried fish, especially codfish, hake, ling, and torsk; also, codfish dried without being salted.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Young fresh cod.

Stockholder

Stock"hold`er (?), n. One who is a holder or proprietor of stock in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other stock company.

Stockinet

Stock`i*net" (?), n. An elastic textile fabric imitating knitting, of which stockings, under-garments, etc., are made.

Stocking

Stock"ing (?), n. [From Stock, which was formerly used of a covering for the legs and feet, combining breeches, or upper stocks, and stockings, or nether stocks.] A close-fitting covering for the foot and leg, usually knit or woven. Blue stocking. See Bluestocking. -- Stocking frame, a machine for knitting stockings or other hosiery goods.

Stocking

Stock"ing, v. t. To dress in GBs. Dryden.

Stockinger

Stock"ing*er (?), n. A stocking weaver.

Stockish

Stock"ish, a. Like a stock; stupid; blockish.
Since naught so stockish, hard, and full of rage, But music for the time doth change his nature. Shak.

Stockjobber

Stock"job`ber (?), n. [Stock + job.] One who speculates in stocks for gain; one whose occupation is to buy and sell stocks. In England a jobber acts as an intermediary between brokers.

Stockjobbing

Stock"job`bing (?), n. The act or art of dealing in stocks; the business of a stockjobber.

Stockman

Stock"man (?), n.; pl. Stockmen (. A herdsman; a ranchman; one owning, or having charge of, herds of live stock. [Australia & U.S.] W. Howitt.

Stock-still

Stock"-still` (?), a. [CF. G. stock-still.] Still as a stock, or fixed post; perfectly still.
His whole work stands stock-still. Sterne.

Stockwork

Stock"work` (?), n. [G. stockwerk.]

1. (Mining) A system of working in ore, etc., when it lies not in strata or veins, but in solid masses, so as to be worked in chambers or stories.

2. (Geol.) A metalliferous deposit characterized by the impregnation of the mass of rock with many small veins or nests irregularly grouped. This kind of deposit is especially common with tin ore. Such deposits are worked in floors or stories.

Stocky

Stock"y (?), a. [From Stock.]

1. Short and thick; thick rather than tall or corpulent. Addison.

Stocky, twisted, hunchback stems. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Headstrong. [Prov. Eng.] G. Eliot.

Stodgy

Stodg"y (?), a. Wet. [Prov. Eng.] G. Eliot.

St\'d2chiology, n., St\'d2chiometry

St\'d2ch`i*ol"o*gy (?), n., St\'d2ch`i*om"e*try (, n., etc. See Stoichiology, Stoichiometry, etc.

Stoic

Sto"ic (?), n. [L. stoicus, Gr.

1. A disciple of the philosopher Zeno; one of a Greek sect which held that men should be free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and should submit without complaint to unavoidable necessity, by which all things are governed.

2. Hence, a person not easily excited; an apathetic person; one who is apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain.

A Stoic of the woods, a man without a tear. Campbell.
School of Stoics. See The Porch, under Porch.

Stoic, Stoical

Sto"ic (?), Sto"ic*al (?), a. [L. stoicus, Gr. sto\'8bque. See Stoic, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Stoics; resembling the Stoics or their doctrines.

2. Not affected by passion; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. -- Sto"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sto"ic*al*ness, n.

Stoichiological

Stoi`chi*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to stoichiology.

Stoichiology

Stoi`chi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] [Written also st\'d2chiology.]

1. That part of the science of physiology which treats of the elements, or principles, composing animal tissues.

2. (Logic) The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere thought. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. The statement or discussion of the first principles of any science or art.

Stoichiometric, Stoichiometrical

Stoi`chi*o*met"ric (?), Stoi`chi*o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to stoichiometry; employed in, or obtained by, stoichiometry.

Stoichiometry

Stoi`chi*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] The art or process of calculating the atomic proportions, combining weights, and other numerical relations of chemical elements and their compounds.

Stoicism

Sto"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. sto\'8bcisme.]

1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics.

2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain; insensibility; impassiveness.

Stoicity

Sto*ic"i*ty (?), n. Stoicism. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Stoke

Stoke (?), v. t. [OE. stoken, fr. D. stoken, fr. stok a stick (cf. OF. estoquier to thrust, stab; of Teutonic origin, and akin to D. stok). See Stock.]

1. To stick; to thrust; to stab. [Obs.]

Nor short sword for to stoke, with point biting. Chaucer.

2. To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend, as the fire of a furnace, boiler, etc.

Stoke

Stoke, v. i. To poke or stir up a fire; hence, to tend the fires of furnaces, steamers, etc.

Stokehole

Stoke"hole` (?), n. The mouth to the grate of a furnace; also, the space in front of the furnace, where the stokers stand.

Stoker

Stok"er (?), n. [D. See Stoke, v. t.]

1. One who is employed to tend a furnace and supply it with fuel, especially the furnace of a locomotive or of a marine steam boiler; also, a machine for feeding fuel to a fire.

2. A fire poker. [R.] C. Richardson (Dict.).

Stokey

Sto"key (?), a. Close; sultry. [Prov. Eng.]
Page 1418

Stola

Sto"la (?), n.; pl. Stol\'91 (#). [L. See Stole a garment.] (Rom. Antiq.) A long garment, descending to the ankles, worn by Roman women.
The stola was not allowed to be worn by courtesans, or by women who had been divorced from their husbands. Fairholt.

Stole

Stole (?), imp. of Steal.

Stole

Stole, n. [L. stolo, -onis.] (Bot.) A stolon.

Stole

Stole, n. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]

1. A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. Spenser.

But when mild morn, in saffron stole, First issues from her eastern goal. T. Warton.

2. (Eccl.) A narrow band of silk or stuff, sometimes enriched with embroidery and jewels, worn on the left shoulder of deacons, and across both shoulders of bishops and priests, pendent on each side nearly to the ground. At Mass, it is worn crossed on the breast by priests. It is used in various sacred functions.

Groom of the stole, the first lord of the bedchamber in the royal household. [Eng.] Brande & C.

Stoled

Stoled (?), a. Having or wearing a stole.
After them flew the prophets, brightly stoled In shining lawn. G. Fletcher.

Stolen

Stol"en (?), p. p. of Steal.

Stolid

Stol"id (?), a. [L. stolidus.] Hopelessly insensible or stupid; not easily aroused or excited; dull; impassive; foolish.

Stolidity

Sto*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. stoliditas.] The state or quality of being stolid; dullness of intellect; obtuseness; stupidity.
Indocile, intractable fools, whose stolidity can baffle all arguments, and be proof against demonstration itself. Bentley.

Stolidness

Stol"id*ness (?), n. Same as Stolidity.

Stolon

Sto"lon (?), n. [L. stolo, -onis: cf. F. stolon. Cf. Stole a stolon, 1st Stool.]

1. (Bot.) A trailing branch which is disposed to take root at the end or at the joints; a stole.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An extension of the integument of the body, or of the body wall, from which buds are developed, giving rise to new zooids, and thus forming a compound animal in which the zooids usually remain united by the stolons. Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa, Hydroidea, Bryozoa, and social ascidians. See Illust. under Scyphistoma.

Stoloniferous

Stol`o*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Stolon + -ferous: cf. F. stolonif\'8are.] Producing stolons; putting forth suckers.

Stoma

Sto"ma (?), n.; pl. Stomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) One of the minute apertures between the cells in many serous membranes.

2. (Bot.) (a) The minute breathing pores of leaves or other organs opening into the intercellular spaces, and usually bordered by two contractile cells. (b) The line of dehiscence of the sporangium of a fern. It is usually marked by two transversely elongated cells. See Illust. of Sporangium.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A stigma. See Stigma, n., 6 (a) & (b).

Stomach

Stom"ach (?), n. [OE. stomak, F. estomac, L. stomachus, fr. Gr. sto`machos stomach, throat, gullet, fr. sto`ma a mouth, any outlet or entrance.]

1. (Anat.) An enlargement, or series of enlargements, in the anterior part of the alimentary canal, in which food is digested; any cavity in which digestion takes place in an animal; a digestive cavity. See Digestion, and Gastric juice, under Gastric.

2. The desire for food caused by hunger; appetite; as, a good stomach for roast beef. Shak.

3. Hence appetite in general; inclination; desire.

He which hath no stomach to this fight, Let him depart. Shak.

4. Violence of temper; anger; sullenness; resentment; willful obstinacy; stubbornness. [Obs.]

Stern was his look, and full of stomach vain. Spenser.
This sort of crying proceeding from pride, obstinacy, and stomach, the will, where the fault lies, must be bent. Locke.

5. Pride; haughtiness; arrogance. [Obs.]

He was a man Of an unbounded stomach. Shak.
Stomach pump (Med.), a small pump or syringe with a flexible tube, for drawing liquids from the stomach, or for injecting them into it. -- Stomach tube (Med.), a long flexible tube for introduction into the stomach. -- Stomach worm (Zo\'94l.), the common roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) found in the human intestine, and rarely in the stomach.

Stomach

Stom"ach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stomached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stomaching.] [Cf. L. stomachari, v.t. & i., to be angry or vexed at a thing.]

1. To resent; to remember with anger; to dislike. Shak.

The lion began to show his teeth, and to stomach the affront. L'Estrange.
The Parliament sit in that body . . . to be his counselors and dictators, though he stomach it. Milton.

2. To bear without repugnance; to brook. [Colloq.]

Stomach

Stom"ach, v. i. To be angry. [Obs.] Hooker.

Stomachal

Stom"ach*al (?), a. [Cf. F. stomacal.]

1. Of or pertaining to the stomach; gastric.

2. Helping the stomach; stomachic; cordial.

Stomachal

Stom"ach*al, n. A stomachic. Dunglison.

Stomacher

Stom"ach*er (?), n.

1. One who stomachs.

2. ( An ornamental covering for the breast, worn originally both by men and women. Those worn by women were often richly decorated.

A stately lady in a diamond stomacher. Johnson.

Stomachful

Stom"ach*ful (?), a. Willfully obstinate; stubborn; perverse. [Obs.] -- Stom"ach*ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Stom"ach*ful*ness, n. [Obs.]

Stomachic, Stomachical

Sto*mach"ic (?), Sto*mach"ic*al (?), a. [L. stomachicus, Gr. stomachique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the stomach; as, stomachic vessels.

2. Strengthening to the stomach; exciting the action of the stomach; stomachal; cordial.

Stomachic

Sto*mach"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine that strengthens the stomach and excites its action.

Stomaching

Stom"ach*ing (?), n. Resentment. [Obs.]

Stomachless

Stom"ach*less, a.

1. Being without a stomach.

2. Having no appetite. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Stomachous

Stom"ach*ous (?), a. [L. stomachosus angry, peexish. See Stomach.] Stout; sullen; obstinate. [Obs.]
With stern looks and stomachous disdain. Spenser.

Stomachy

Stom"ach*y (?), a. Obstinate; sullen; haughty.
A little, bold, solemn, stomachy man, a great professor of piety. R. L. Stevenson.

Stomapod

Sto"ma*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Stomapoda.

Stomapoda

Sto*map"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Stoma, and -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Crustacea including the squillas. The maxillipeds are leglike in form, and the large claws are comblike. They have a large and elongated abdomen, which contains a part of the stomach and heart; the abdominal appendages are large, and bear the gills. Called also Gastrula, Stomatopoda, and Squilloidea.

Stomate

Sto"mate (?), n. (Bot.) A stoma.

Stomatic

Sto*mat"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a stoma; of the nature of a stoma.

Stomatic

Sto*mat"ic, n. [Gr. sto`ma, -atos, mouth.] (Med.) A medicine for diseases of the mouth. Dunglison.

Stomatiferous

Stom`a*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. sto`ma, -atos mouth + -ferous.] Having or producing stomata.

Stomatitis

Stom`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. sto`ma, -atos, mouth + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the mouth.

Stomatoda

Stom`a*to"da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Protozoa in which a mouthlike opening exists.

Stomatod\'91um

Stom`a*to*d\'91"um (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Stomod\'91um.

Stomatode

Stom"a*tode (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a mouth; -- applied to certain Protozoa. -- n. One of the Stomatoda.

Stomatogastric

Stom`a*to*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. gastric.] Of or pertaining to the mouth and the stomach; as, the stomatogastric ganglion of certain Mollusca.

Stomatoplastic

Stom`a*to*plas"tic (?), a. [Gr. -plastic.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to the operation of forming a mouth where the aperture has been contracted, or in any way deformed.

Stomatopod

Stom"a*to*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Stomatopoda.

Stomatopoda

Stom`a*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Stoma, and -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Stomapoda.

Stomatopodous

Stom`a*top"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Stomatopoda.

Stomatoscope

Stom"a*to*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Med.) An apparatus for examining the interior of the mouth.

Stomatous

Stom"a*tous (?), a. Having a stoma.

Stomod\'91um

Stom`o*d\'91"um (?), n. [NL., from Gr.

1. (Anat.) A part of the alimentary canal. See under Mesenteron.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The primitive mouth and esophagus of the embryo of annelids and arthropods.

Stomp

Stomp (?), v. i. [See Stamp.] To stamp with the foot. [Colloq.] "In gallant procession, the priests mean to stomp." R. Browning.

Stond

Stond (?), n. [For stand.]

1. Stop; halt; hindrance. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A stand; a post; a station. [Obs.] Spenser.

Stond

Stond, v. i. To stand. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stone

Stone (?), n. [OE. ston, stan, AS. st\'ben; akin to OS. & OFries. st\'c7n, D. steen, G. stein, Icel. steinn, Sw. sten, Dan. steen, Goth. stains, Russ. stiena a wall, Gr. Steen.]

1. Concreted earthy or mineral matter; also, any particular mass of such matter; as, a house built of stone; the boy threw a stone; pebbles are rounded stones. "Dumb as a stone." Chaucer.

They had brick for stone, and slime . . . for mortar. Gen. xi. 3.
&hand; In popular language, very large masses of stone are called rocks; small masses are called stones; and the finer kinds, gravel, or sand, or grains of sand. Stone is much and widely used in the construction of buildings of all kinds, for walls, fences, piers, abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture, and the like.

2. A precious stone; a gem. "Many a rich stone." Chaucer. "Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels." Shak.

3. Something made of stone. Specifically: - (a) The glass of a mirror; a mirror. [Obs.]

Lend me a looking-glass; If that her breath will mist or stain the stone, Why, then she lives. Shak.
(b) A monument to the dead; a gravestone. Gray.
Should some relenting eye Glance on the where our cold relics lie. Pope.

4. (Med.) A calculous concretion, especially one in the kidneys or bladder; the disease arising from a calculus.

5. One of the testes; a testicle. Shak.

6. (Bot.) The hard endocarp of drupes; as, the stone of a cherry or peach. See Illust. of Endocarp.

7. A weight which legally is fourteen pounds, but in practice varies with the article weighed. [Eng.] &hand; The stone of butchers' meat or fish is reckoned at 8 lbs.; of cheese, 16 lbs.; of hemp, 32 lbs.; of glass, 5 lbs.

8. Fig.: Symbol of hardness and insensibility; torpidness; insensibility; as, a heart of stone.

I have not yet forgot myself to stone. Pope.

9. (Print.) A stand or table with a smooth, flat top of stone, commonly marble, on which to arrange the pages of a book, newspaper, etc., before printing; -- called also imposing stone. &hand; Stone is used adjectively or in composition with other words to denote made of stone, containing a stone or stones, employed on stone, or, more generally, of or pertaining to stone or stones; as, stone fruit, or stone-fruit; stone-hammer, or stone hammer; stone falcon, or stone-falcon. Compounded with some adjectives it denotes a degree of the quality expressed by the adjective equal to that possessed by a stone; as, stone-dead, stone-blind, stone-cold, stone-still, etc.

Atlantic stone, ivory. [Obs.] "Citron tables, or Atlantic stone." Milton. -- Bowing stone. Same as Cromlech. Encyc. Brit. -- Meteoric stones, stones which fall from the atmosphere, as after the explosion of a meteor. -- Philosopher's stone. See under Philosopher. -- Rocking stone. See Rocking-stone. -- Stone age, a supposed prehistoric age of the world when stone and bone were habitually used as the materials for weapons and tools; -- called also flint age. The bronze age succeeded to this. -- Stone bass (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Serranus and allied genera, as Serranus Couchii, and Polyprion cernium of Europe; -- called also sea perch. -- Stone biter (Zo\'94l.), the wolf fish. -- Stone boiling, a method of boiling water or milk by dropping hot stones into it, -- in use among savages. Tylor. -- Stone borer (Zo\'94l.), any animal that bores stones; especially, one of certain bivalve mollusks which burrow in limestone. See Lithodomus, and Saxicava. -- Stone bramble (Bot.), a European trailing species of bramble (Rubus saxatilis). -- Stone-break. [Cf. G. steinbrech.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Saxifraga; saxifrage. -- Stone bruise, a sore spot on the bottom of the foot, from a bruise by a stone. -- Stone canal. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sand canal, under Sand. -- Stone cat (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small fresh-water North American catfishes of the genus Noturus. They have sharp pectoral spines with which they inflict painful wounds. -- Stone coal, hard coal; mineral coal; anthracite coal. -- Stone coral (Zo\'94l.), any hard calcareous coral. -- Stone crab. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large crab (Menippe mercenaria) found on the southern coast of the United States and much used as food. (b) A European spider crab (Lithodes maia). Stone crawfish (Zo\'94l.), a European crawfish (Astacus torrentium), by many writers considered only a variety of the common species (A. fluviatilis). -- Stone curlew. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large plover found in Europe (Edicnemus crepitans). It frequents stony places. Called also thick-kneed plover or bustard, and thick-knee. (b) The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.] (c) The willet. [Local, U.S.] -- Stone crush. Same as Stone bruise, above. -- Stone eater. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Stone borer, above. -- Stone falcon (Zo\'94l.), the merlin. -- Stone fern (Bot.), a European fern (Asplenium Ceterach) which grows on rocks and walls. -- Stone fly (Zo\'94l.), any one of many species of pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus Perla and allied genera; a perlid. They are often used by anglers for bait. The larv\'91 are aquatic. -- Stone fruit (Bot.), any fruit with a stony endocarp; a drupe, as a peach, plum, or cherry. -- Stone grig (Zo\'94l.), the mud lamprey, or pride. -- Stone hammer, a hammer formed with a face at one end, and a thick, blunt edge, parallel with the handle, at the other, -- used for breaking stone. -- Stone hawk (Zo\'94l.), the merlin; -- so called from its habit of sitting on bare stones. -- Stone jar, a jar made of stoneware. -- Stone lily (Paleon.), a fossil crinoid. -- Stone lugger. (Zo\'94l.) See Stone roller, below. -- Stone marten (Zo\'94l.), a European marten (Mustela foina) allied to the pine marten, but having a white throat; -- called also beech marten. -- Stone mason, a mason who works or builds in stone. -- Stone-mortar (Mil.), a kind of large mortar formerly used in sieges for throwing a mass of small stones short distances. -- Stone oil, rock oil, petroleum. -- Stone parsley (Bot.), an umbelliferous plant (Seseli Labanotis). See under Parsley. -- Stone pine. (Bot.) A nut pine. See the Note under Pine, and Pi\'a4on. -- Stone pit, a quarry where stones are dug. -- Stone pitch, hard, inspissated pitch. -- Stone plover. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European stone curlew. (b) Any one of several species of Asiatic plovers of the genus Esacus; as, the large stone plover (E. recurvirostris). (c) The gray or black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.] (d) The ringed plover. (e) The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.] Also applied to other species of limicoline birds. -- Stone roller. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American fresh-water fish (Catostomus nigricans) of the Sucker family. Its color is yellowish olive, often with dark blotches. Called also stone lugger, stone toter, hog sucker, hog mullet. (b) A common American cyprinoid fish (Campostoma anomalum); -- called also stone lugger. -- Stone's cast, ∨ Stone's throw, the distance to which a stone may be thrown by the hand. -- Stone snipe (Zo\'94l.), the greater yellowlegs, or tattler. [Local, U.S.] -- Stone toter. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Stone roller (a), above. (b) A cyprinoid fish (Exoglossum maxillingua) found in the rivers from Virginia to New York. It has a three-lobed lower lip; -- called also cutlips. -- To leave no stone unturned, to do everything that can be done; to use all practicable means to effect an object.

Stone

Stone (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stoning.] [From Stone, n.: cf. AS. st, Goth. stainjan.]

1. To pelt, beat, or kill with stones.

And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. Acts vii. 59.

2. To make like stone; to harden.

O perjured woman! thou dost stone my heart. Shak.

3. To free from stones; also, to remove the seeds of; as, to stone a field; to stone cherries; to stone raisins.

4. To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify with stones; as, to stone a well; to stone a cellar.

5. To rub, scour, or sharpen with a stone. <-- get stoned, be stoned? -->

Page 1419

Stonebird

Stone"bird` (?), n. The yellowlegs; -- called also stone snipe. See Tattler, 2. [Local, U.S.]

Stone-blind

Stone"-blind` (?), a. As blind as a stone; completely blind.

Stonebow

Stone"bow` (?), n. A kind of crossbow formerly used for shooting stones. Shak.

Stonebrash

Stone"brash` (?), n. A subsoil made up of small stones or finely-broken rock; brash.

Stonebrearer

Stone"brear`er (?), n. A machine for crushing or hammering stone. Knight.

Stonebuck

Stone"buck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Steinbock.

Stonechat

Stone"chat` (?), n. [Stone + chat.] [So called from the similarity of its alarm note to the clicking together of two pebbles.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small, active, and very common European singing bird (Pratincola rubicola); -- called also chickstone, stonechacker, stonechatter, stoneclink, stonesmith. (b) The wheatear. (c) The blue titmouse. &hand; The name is sometimes applied to various species of Saxicola, Pratincola, and allied genera; as, the pied stonechat of India (Saxicola picata).

Stone-cold

Stone"-cold` (?), a. Cold as a stone.
Stone-cold without, within burnt with love's flame. Fairfax.

Stonecray

Stone"cray` (?), n. [Stone + F. craie chalk, L. creta.] A distemper in hawks.

Stonecrop

Stone"crop` (?), n. [AS. st\'bencropp.]

1. A sort of tree. [Obs.] Mortimer.

2. (Bot.) Any low succulent plant of the genus Sedum, esp. Sedum acre, which is common on bare rocks in Europe, and is spreading in parts of America. See Orpine.

Virginian, ∨ Ditch, stonecrop, an American plant (Penthorum sedoides).

Stonecutter

Stone"cut`ter (?), n. One whose occupation is to cut stone; also, a machine for dressing stone.

Stonecutting

Stone"cut`ting (?), n. Hewing or dressing stone.

Stone-dead

Stone"-dead` (?), a. As dead as a stone.

Stone-deaf

Stone"-deaf` (?), a. As deaf as a stone; completely deaf.

Stonegall

Stone"gall` (?), n. [Cf. D. steengal, G. steingall. See Stannel.] (Zo\'94l.) See Stannel. [Prov. Eng.]

Stonehatch

Stone"hatch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ring plover, or dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]

Stone-hearted

Stone"-heart`ed (?), a. Hard-hearted; cruel; pitiless; unfeeling.

Stonehenge

Stone"henge (?), n. An assemblage of upright stones with others placed horizontally on their tops, on Salisbury Plain, England, -- generally supposed to be the remains of an ancient Druidical temple.

Stone-horse

Stone"-horse` (?), n. Stallion. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Stoner

Ston"er (?), n.

1. One who stones; one who makes an assault with stones.

2. One who walls with stones.

Stoneroot

Stone"root` (?), n. (Bot.) A North American plant (Collinsonia Canadensis) having a very hard root; horse balm. See Horse balm, under Horse.

Stonerunner

Stone"run`ner (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The ring plover, or the ringed dotterel. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]

Stonesmickle

Stone"smic`kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The stonechat; -- called also stonesmitch. [Prov. Eng.]

Stone-still

Stone"-still` (?), a. As still as a stone. Shak.

Stoneware

Stone"ware` (?), n. A species of coarse potter's ware, glazed and baked.

Stoneweed

Stone"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Lithospermum, herbs having a fruit composed of four stony nutlets.

Stonework

Stone"work` (?), n. Work or wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone. Mortimer.

Stonewort

Stone"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Chara; -- so called because they are often incrusted with carbonate of lime. See Chara.

Stonily

Ston"i*ly (?), adv. In a stony manner.

Stoniness

Ston"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being stony.

Stonish

Ston"ish, a. Stony. [R.] "Possessed with stonish insensibility." Robynson (More's Utopia).

Stont

Stont (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. present of Stand.

Stony

Ston"y (?), a. [Compar. Stonier (?); superl. Stoniest.] [AS. st\'benig. See Stone.]

1. Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in, stone or stones; resembling stone; hard; as, a stony tower; a stony cave; stony ground; a stony crust.

2. Converting into stone; petrifying; petrific.

The stony dart of senseless cold. Spenser.

3. Inflexible; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless; obdurate; perverse; cold; morally hard; appearing as if petrified; as, a stony heart; a stony gaze.

Stony coral. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Stone coral, under Stone.

Stood

Stood (?), imp. & p. p. of Stand.

Stook

Stook (?), n. [Scot. stook, stouk; cf. LG. stuke a heap, bundle, G. stauche a truss, bundle of flax.] (Agric.) A small collection of sheaves set up in the field; a shock; in England, twelve sheaves.

Stook

Stook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stooking.] (Agric.) To set up, as sheaves of grain, in stooks.

Stool

Stool (?), n. [L. stolo. See Stolon.] (Hort.) A plant from which layers are propagated by bending its branches into the soil. P. Henderson.

Stool

Stool, v. i. (Agric.) To ramfy; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers. R. D. Blackmore.

Stool

Stool (?), n. [AS. st\'d3l a seat; akin to OFries. & OS. st\'d3l, D. stoel, G. stuhl, OHG. stuol, Icel. st\'d3ll, Sw. & Dan. stol, Goth. st\'d3ls, Lith. stalas a table, Russ. stol'; from the root of E. stand. \'fb163. See Stand, and cf. Fauteuil.]

1. A single seat with three or four legs and without a back, made in various forms for various uses.

2. A seat used in evacuating the bowels; hence, an evacuation; a discharge from the bowels.

3. A stool pigeon, or decoy bird. [U. S.]

4. (Naut.) A small channel on the side of a vessel, for the dead-eyes of the backstays. Totten.

5. A bishop's seat or see; a bishop-stool. J. P. Peters.

6. A bench or form for resting the feet or the knees; a footstool; as, a kneeling stool.

7. Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the sea bottom for oyster spat to adhere to. [Local, U.S.]

Stool of a window, ∨ Window stool (Arch.), the flat piece upon which the window shuts down, and which corresponds to the sill of a door; in the United States, the narrow shelf fitted on the inside against the actual sill upon which the sash descends. This is called a window seat when broad and low enough to be used as a seat. Stool of repentance, the cuttystool. [Scot.] -- Stool pigeon, a pigeon used as a decoy to draw others within a net; hence, a person used as a decoy for others.

Stoolball

Stool"ball` (?), n. A kind of game with balls, formerly common in England, esp. with young women.
Nausicaa With other virgins did at stoolball play. Chapman.

Stoom

Stoom (?), v. t. [D. stommen to adulterate, to drug (wine). \'fb163. Cf. Stum.] To stum. [R.]

Stoop

Stoop (?), n. [D. stoep.] (Arch.) Originally, a covered porch with seats, at a house door; the Dutch stoep as introduced by the Dutch into New York. Afterward, an out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to fourteen steps, with platform and parapets, leading to an entrance door some distance above the street; the French perron. Hence, any porch, platform, entrance stairway, or small veranda, at a house door. [U. S.]

Stoop

Stoop, n. [OE. stope, Icel. staup; akin to AS. ste\'a0p, D. stoop, G. stauf, OHG. stouph.] A vessel of liquor; a flagon. [Written also stoup.]
Fetch me a stoop of liquor. Shak.

Stoop

Stoop, n. [Cf. Icel. staup a knobby lump.] A post fixed in the earth. [Prov. Eng.]

Stoop

Stoop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stooping.] [OE. stoupen; akin to AS. st, OD. stuypen, Icel. st&umac;pa, Sw. stupa to fall, to tilt. Cf 5th Steep.]

1. To bend the upper part of the body downward and forward; to bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or walking; to assume habitually a bent position.

2. To yield; to submit; to bend, as by compulsion; to assume a position of humility or subjection.

Mighty in her ships stood Carthage long, . . . Yet stooped to Rome, less wealthy, but more strong. Dryden.
These are arts, my prince, In which your Zama does not stoop to Rome. Addison.

3. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend. "She stoops to conquer." Goldsmith.

Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandry, it multiplieth riches exceedingly. Bacon.

4. To come down as a hawk does on its prey; to pounce; to souse; to swoop.

The bird of Jove, stooped from his a\'89ry tour, Two birds of gayest plume before him drove. Milton.

5. To sink when on the wing; to alight.

And stoop with closing pinions from above. Dryden.
Cowering low With blandishment, each bird stooped on his wing. Milton.
Syn. -- To lean; yield; submit; condescend; descend; cower; shrink.

Stoop

Stoop, v. t.

1. To bend forward and downward; to bow down; as, to stoop the body. "Have stooped my neck." Shak.

2. To cause to incline downward; to slant; as, to stoop a cask of liquor.

3. To cause to submit; to prostrate. [Obs.]

Many of those whose states so tempt thine ears Are stooped by death; and many left alive. Chapman.

4. To degrade. [Obs.] Shak.

Stoop

Stoop, n.

1. The act of stooping, or bending the body forward; inclination forward; also, an habitual bend of the back and shoulders.

2. Descent, as from dignity or superiority; condescension; an act or position of humiliation.

Can any loyal subject see With patience such a stoop from sovereignty? Dryden.

3. The fall of a bird on its prey; a swoop. L'Estrange.

Stooper

Stoop"er (?), n. One who stoops.

Stooping

Stoop"ing, a. & n. from Stoop. -- Stoop"ing*ly, adv.

Stoor

Stoor (?), v. i. [Cf. D. storen to disturb. Cf. Stir.] To rise in clouds, as dust. [Prov. Eng.]

Stoor, Stor

Stoor (?), Stor (?), a. [AS. st\'d3r; akin to LG. stur, Icel. st\'d3rr.] Strong; powerful; hardy; bold; audacious. [Obs. or Scot.]
O stronge lady stoor, what doest thou? Chaucer.

Stop

Stop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stopping.] [OE. stoppen, AS. stoppian (in comp.); akin to LG. & D. stoppen, G. stopfen, Icel. stoppa, Sw. stoppa, Dan. stoppe; all probably fr. LL. stopare, stupare, fr. L. stuppa the coarse part of flax, tow, oakum. Cf. Estop, Stuff, Stupe a fomentation.]

1. To close, as an aperture, by filling or by obstructing; as, to stop the ears; hence, to stanch, as a wound. Shak.

2. To obstruct; to render impassable; as, to stop a way, road, or passage.

3. To arrest the progress of; to hinder; to impede; to shut in; as, to stop a traveler; to stop the course of a stream, or a flow of blood.

4. To hinder from acting or moving; to prevent the effect or efficiency of; to cause to cease; to repress; to restrain; to suppress; to interrupt; to suspend; as, to stop the execution of a decree, the progress of vice, the approaches of old age or infirmity.

Whose disposition all the world well knows Will not be rubbed nor stopped. Shak.

5. (Mus.) To regulate the sounds of, as musical strings, by pressing them against the finger board with the finger, or by shortening in any way the vibrating part.

6. To point, as a composition; to punctuate. [R.]

If his sentences were properly stopped. Landor.

7. (Naut.) To make fast; to stopper. Syn. -- To obstruct; hinder; impede; repress; suppress; restrain; discontinue; delay; interrupt.

To stop off (Founding), to fill (a part of a mold) with sand, where a part of the cavity left by the pattern is not wanted for the casting. -- To stop the mouth. See under Mouth.

Stop

Stop (?), v. i.

1. To cease to go on; to halt, or stand still; to come to a stop.

He bites his lip, and starts; Stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground; Then lays his finger on his temple: strait Springs out into fast gait; then stops again. Shak.

2. To cease from any motion, or course of action.

Stop, while ye may, suspend your mad career! Cowper.

3. To spend a short time; to reside temporarily; to stay; to tarry; as, to stop with a friend. [Colloq.]

By stopping at home till the money was gone. R. D. Blackmore.
To stop over, to stop at a station beyond the time of the departure of the train on which one came, with the purpose of continuing one's journey on a subsequent train; to break one's journey. [Railroad Cant, U.S.] <-- or on an airplane flight. See stopover --> <-- To stop off, to make a brief visit -->

Stop

Stop, n.

1. The act of stopping, or the state of being stopped; hindrance of progress or of action; cessation; repression; interruption; check; obstruction.

It is doubtful . . . whether it contributed anything to the stop of the infection. De Foe.
Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of natural philosophy. Sir I. Newton.
It is a great step toward the mastery of our desires to give this stop to them. Locke.

2. That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; as obstacle; an impediment; an obstruction.

A fatal stop traversed their headlong course. Daniel.
So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent. Rogers.

3. (Mach.) A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc., for arresting or limiting motion, or for determining the position to which another part shall be brought.

4. (Mus.) (a) The closing of an aperture in the air passage, or pressure of the finger upon the string, of an instrument of music, so as to modify the tone; hence, any contrivance by which the sounds of a musical instrument are regulated.

The organ sound a time survives the stop. Daniel.
(b) In the organ, one of the knobs or handles at each side of the organist, by which he can draw on or shut off any register or row of pipes; the register itself; as, the vox humana stop.

5. (Arch.) A member, plain or molded, formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts. This takes the place, or answers the purpose, of a rebate. Also, a pin or block to prevent a drawer from sliding too far.

6. A point or mark in writing or printing intended to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence, or clauses; a mark of punctuation. See Punctuation.

7. (Opt.) The diaphragm used in optical instruments to cut off the marginal portions of a beam of light passing through lenses.

8. (Zo\'94l.) The depression in the face of a dog between the skull and the nasal bones. It is conspicuous in the bulldog, pug, and some other breeds.

9. (Phonetics) Some part of the articulating organs, as the lips, or the tongue and palate, closed (a) so as to cut off the passage of breath or voice through the mouth and the nose (distinguished as a lip-stop, or a front-stop, etc., as in p, t, d, etc.), or (b) so as to obstruct, but not entirely cut off, the passage, as in l, n, etc.; also, any of the consonants so formed. H. Sweet.

Stop bead (Arch.), the molding screwed to the inner side of a window frame, on the face of the pulley stile, completing the groove in which the inner sash is to slide. -- Stop motion (Mach.), an automatic device for arresting the motion of a machine, as when a certain operation is completed, or when an imperfection occurs in its performance or product, or in the material which is supplied to it, etc. -- Stop plank, one of a set of planks employed to form a sort of dam in some hydraulic works. -- Stop valve, a valve that can be closed or opened at will, as by hand, for preventing or regulating flow, as of a liquid in a pipe; -- in distinction from a valve which is operated by the action of the fluid it restrains. -- Stop watch, a watch the hands of which can be stopped in order to tell exactly the time that has passed, as in timing a race. See Independent seconds watch, under Independent, a. Syn. -- Cessation; check; obstruction; obstacle; hindrance; impediment; interruption.

Stopcock

Stop"cock` (?), n.

1. A bib, faucet, or short pipe, fitted with a turning stopper or plug for permitting or restraining the flow of a liquid or gas; a cock or valve for checking or regulating the flow of water, gas, etc., through or from a pipe, etc.

2. The turning plug, stopper, or spigot of a faucet. [R.]

Stope

Stope (?), n. [Cf. Step, n. & v. i.] (Mining) A horizontal working forming one of a series, the working faces of which present the appearance of a flight of steps.

Stope

Stope, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stoping.] (Mining) (a) To excavate in the form of stopes. (b) To fill in with rubbish, as a space from which the ore has been worked out.
Page 1420

Stope, Stopen

Stope (?), Sto"pen (?), p. p. of Step. Stepped; gone; advanced. [Obs.]
A poor widow, somedeal stope in age. Chaucer.

Stop-gap

Stop"-gap` (?), n. That which closes or fills up an opening or gap; hence, a temporary expedient.
Moral prejudices are the stop-gaps of virtue. Hare.

Stoping

Stop"ing (?), n. (Mining) The act of excavating in the form of stopes.

Stopless

Stop"less (?), a. Not to be stopped. Davenant.

Stop-over

Stop"-o`ver (?), a. Permitting one to stop over; as, a stop-over check or ticket. See To stop over, under Stop, v. i. [Railroad Cant, U.S.]

Stoppage

Stop"page (?), n. The act of stopping, or arresting progress, motion, or action; also, the state of being stopped; as, the stoppage of the circulation of the blood; the stoppage of commerce.

Stopped

Stopped (?), a. (Phonetics) Made by complete closure of the mouth organs; shut; -- said of certain consonants (p, b, t, d, etc.). H. Sweet. <-- glottal stop? -->

Stopper

Stop"per (?), n.

1. One who stops, closes, shuts, or hinders; that which stops or obstructs; that which closes or fills a vent or hole in a vessel.

2. (Naut.) A short piece of rope having a knot at one or both ends, with a lanyard under the knot, -- used to secure something. Totten.

3. (Bot.) A name to several trees of the genus Eugenia, found in Florida and the West Indies; as, the red stopper. See Eugenia. C. S. Sargent.

Ring stopper (Naut.), a short rope or chain passing through the anchor ring, to secure the anchor to the cathead. -- Stopper bolt (Naut.), a large ringbolt in a ship's deck, to which the deck stoppers are hooked.

Stopper

Stop"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoppered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stoppering.] To close or secure with a stopper.

Stopping

Stop"ping (?), n.

1. Material for filling a cavity.

2. (Mining) A partition or door to direct or prevent a current of air.

3. (Far.) A pad or poultice of dung or other material applied to a horse's hoof to keep it moist. Youatt.

Stopping-out

Stop"ping-out` (?), n. A method adopted in etching, to keep the acid from those parts which are already sufficiently corroded, by applying varnish or other covering matter with a brush, but allowing the acid to act on the other parts.

Stopple

Stop"ple (?), n. [Cf. G. st\'94pfel, st\'94psel. See Stop, n. & v. t.] That which stops or closes the mouth of a vessel; a stopper; as, a glass stopple; a cork stopple.

Stopple

Stop"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stoppling.] To close the mouth of anything with a stopple, or as with a stopple. Cowper.

Stopship

Stop"ship` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remora. It was fabled to stop ships by attaching itself to them. Sylvester.

Stor

Stor (?), a. See Stoor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Storage

Stor"age (?), n.

1. The act of depositing in a store or warehouse for safe keeping; also, the safe keeping of goods in a warehouse.

2. Space for the safe keeping of goods.

3. The price changed for keeping goods in a store.

Storage battery. (Physics) See the Note under Battery.

Storax

Sto"rax (?), n. [L. storax, styrax, Gr. Styrax.] Any one of a number of similar complex resins obtained from the bark of several trees and shrubs of the Styrax family. The most common of these is liquid storax, a brown or gray semifluid substance of an agreeable aromatic odor and balsamic taste, sometimes used in perfumery, and in medicine as an expectorant. &hand; A yellow aromatic honeylike substance, resembling, and often confounded with, storax, is obtained from the American sweet gum tree (Liquidambar styraciflua), and is much used as a chewing gum, called sweet gum, and liquid storax. Cf. Liquidambar.

Store

Store (?), n. [OE. stor, stoor, OF. estor, provisions, supplies, fr. estorer to store. See Store, v. t.]

1. That which is accumulated, or massed together; a source from which supplies may be drawn; hence, an abundance; a great quantity, or a great number.

The ships are fraught with store of victuals. Bacon.
With store of ladies, whose bright eyes Rain influence, and give the prize. Milton.

2. A place of deposit for goods, esp. for large quantities; a storehouse; a warehouse; a magazine.

3. Any place where goods are sold, whether by wholesale or retail; a shop. [U.S. & British Colonies]

4. pl. Articles, especially of food, accumulated for some specific object; supplies, as of provisions, arms, ammunition, and the like; as, the stores of an army, of a ship, of a family.

His swine, his horse, his stoor, and his poultry. Chaucer.
In store, in a state of accumulation; in keeping; hence, in a state of readiness. "I have better news in store for thee." Shak. -- Store clothes, clothing purchased at a shop or store; -- in distinction from that which is home-made. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Store pay, payment for goods or work in articles from a shop or store, instead of money. [U.S.] -- To set store by, to value greatly; to have a high appreciation of. -- To tell no store of, to make no account of; to consider of no importance. Syn. -- Fund; supply; abundance; plenty; accumulation; provision. -- Store, Shop. The English call the place where goods are sold (however large or splendid it may be) a shop, and confine the word store to its original meaning; viz., a warehouse, or place where goods are stored. In America the word store is applied to all places, except the smallest, where goods are sold. In some British colonies the word store is used as in the United States. <-- also syn. = stock -->
In his needy shop a tortoise hung, An alligator stuffed, and other skins Of ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelves A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shak.
Sulphurous and nitrous foam, . . . Concocted and adjusted, they reduced To blackest grain, and into store conveyed. Milton.

Store

Store, a. Accumulated; hoarded. Bacon.

Store

Store (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Storing.] [OE. storen, OF. estorer to construct, restore, store, LL. staurare, for L. instaurare to renew, restore; in + staurare (in comp.) Cf. Instore, Instaurate, Restore, Story a floor.]

1. To collect as a reserved supply; to accumulate; to lay away.

Dora stored what little she could save. Tennyson.

2. To furnish; to supply; to replenish; esp., to stock or furnish against a future time.

Her mind with thousand virtues stored. Prior.
Wise Plato said the world with men was stored. Denham.
Having stored a pond of four acres with carps, tench, and other fish. Sir M. Hale.

3. To deposit in a store, warehouse, or other building, for preservation; to warehouse; as, to store goods.

Stored

Stored (?), a. Collected or accumulated as a reserve supply; as, stored electricity.
It is charged with stored virtue. Bagehot.

Storehouse

Store"house` (?), n.

1. A building for keeping goods of any kind, especially provisions; a magazine; a repository; a warehouse.

Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto Egyptians. Gen. xli. 56.
The Scripture of God is a storehouse abounding with estimable treasures of wisdom and knowledge. Hooker.

2. A mass or quality laid up. [Obs.] Spenser.

Storekeeper

Store"keep`er (?), n.

1. A man in charge of stores or goods of any kind; as, a naval storekeeper.

2. One who keeps a "store;" a shopkeeper. See 1st Store, 3. [U. S.]

Storer

Stor"er (?), n. One who lays up or forms a store.

Storeroom

Store"room` (?), n. Room in a storehouse or repository; a room in which articles are stored.

Storeship

Store"ship` (?), n. A vessel used to carry naval stores for a fleet, garrison, or the like.

Storey

Sto"rey (?), n. See Story.

Storge

Stor"ge (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Parental affection; the instinctive affection which animals have for their young.

Storial

Sto"ri*al (?), a. Historical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Storied

Sto"ried (?), a. [From Story.]

1. Told in a story.

2. Having a history; interesting from the stories which pertain to it; venerable from the associations of the past.

Some greedy minion, or imperious wife, The trophied arches, storied halls, invade. Pope.
Can storied urn, or animated bust, Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath? Gray.

3. Having (such or so many) stories; -- chiefly in composition; as, a two-storied house.

Storier

Sto"ri*er (?), n. A relater of stories; an historian. [Obs.] Bp. Peacock.

Storify

Sto"ri*fy (?), v. t. [Story + -fy.] To form or tell stories of; to narrate or describe in a story. [Obs.]

Stork

Stork (?), n. [AS. storc; akin to G. storch, OHG. storah, Icel. storkr, Dan. & Sw. stork, and perhaps to Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large wading birds of the family Ciconid\'91, having long legs and a long, pointed bill. They are found both in the Old World and in America, and belong to Ciconia and several allied genera. The European white stork (Ciconia alba) is the best known. It commonly makes its nests on the top of a building, a chimney, a church spire, or a pillar. The black stork (C. nigra) is native of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Black-necked stork, the East Indian jabiru. -- Hair-crested stork, the smaller adjutant of India (Leptoptilos Javanica). -- Giant stork, the adjutant. -- Marabou stork. See Marabou. -- Saddle-billed stork, the African jabiru. See Jabiru. -- Stork's bill (Bot.), any plant of the genus Pelargonium; -- so called in allusion to the beaklike prolongation of the axis of the receptacle of its flower. See Pelargonium.

Stork-billed

Stork"-billed` (?), a. Having a bill like that of the stork.

Storm

Storm (?), n. [AS. storm; akin to D. storm, G. sturm, Icel. stormr; and perhaps to Gr. s to flow, to hasten, or perhaps to L. sternere to strew, prostrate (cf. Stratum). \'fb166.]

1. A violent disturbance of the atmosphere, attended by wind, rain, snow, hail, or thunder and lightning; hence, often, a heavy fall of rain, snow, or hail, whether accompanied with wind or not.

We hear this fearful tempest sing, Yet seek no shelter to avoid the storm. Shak.

2. A violent agitation of human society; a civil, political, or domestic commotion; sedition, insurrection, or war; violent outbreak; clamor; tumult.

I will stir up in England some black storm. Shak.
Her sister Began to scold and raise up such a storm. Shak.

3. A heavy shower or fall, any adverse outburst of tumultuous force; violence.

A brave man struggling in the storms of fate. Pope.

4. (Mil.) A violent assault on a fortified place; a furious attempt of troops to enter and take a fortified place by scaling the walls, forcing the gates, or the like. &hand; Storm is often used in the formation of self-explained compounds; as, storm-presaging, stormproof, storm-tossed, and the like.

Magnetic storm. See under Magnetic. -- Storm-and-stress period [a translation of G. sturm und drang periode], a designation given to the literary agitation and revolutionary development in Germany under the lead of Goethe and Schiller in the latter part of the 18th century. -- Storm center (Meteorol.), the center of the area covered by a storm, especially by a storm of large extent. -- Storm door (Arch.), an extra outside door to prevent the entrance of wind, cold, rain, etc.; -- usually removed in summer.<-- or replaced with a screen door; storm and screen door. --> -- Storm path (Meteorol.), the course over which a storm, or storm center, travels. -- Storm petrel. (Zo\'94l.) See Stormy petrel, under Petrel. -- Storm sail (Naut.), any one of a number of strong, heavy sails that are bent and set in stormy weather. -- Storm scud. See the Note under Cloud. Syn. -- Tempest; violence; agitation; calamity. -- Storm, Tempest. Storm is violent agitation, a commotion of the elements by wind, etc., but not necessarily implying the fall of anything from the clouds. Hence, to call a mere fall or rain without wind a storm is a departure from the true sense of the word. A tempest is a sudden and violent storm, such as those common on the coast of Italy, where the term originated, and is usually attended by a heavy rain, with lightning and thunder.
Storms beat, and rolls the main; O! beat those storms, and roll the seas, in vain. Pope.
What at first was called a gust, the same Hath now a storm's, anon a tempest's name. Donne.

Storm

Storm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stormed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Storming.] (Mil.) To assault; to attack, and attempt to take, by scaling walls, forcing gates, breaches, or the like; as, to storm a fortified town.

Storm

Storm, v. i. [Cf. AS. styrman.]

1. To raise a tempest. Spenser.

2. To blow with violence; also, to rain, hail, snow, or the like, usually in a violent manner, or with high wind; -- used impersonally; as, it storms.

3. To rage; to be in a violent passion; to fume.

The master storms, the lady scolds. Swift.

Storm-beat

Storm"-beat` (?), a. Beaten, injured, or impaired by storms. Spenser.

Stormcock

Storm"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The missel thrush. (b) The fieldfare. (c) The green woodpecker.

Stormfinch

Storm"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The storm petrel.

Stormful

Storm"ful (?), a. Abounding with storms. "The stormful east." Carlyle. -- Storm"ful*ness, n.

Stormglass

Storm"glass` (?), n. A glass vessel, usually cylindrical, filled with a solution which is sensitive to atmospheric changes, indicating by a clouded appearance, rain, snow, etc., and by clearness, fair weather.

Stormily

Storm"i*ly (?), adv. In a stormy manner.

Storminess

Storm"i*ness, n. The state of being stormy; tempestuousness; biosteruousness; impetuousness.

Storming

Storm"ing, a. & n. from Storm, v. Storming party (Mil.), a party assigned to the duty of making the first assault in storming a fortress.

Stormless

Storm"less, a. Without storms. Tennyson.

Stormwind

Storm"wind` (?), n. A heavy wind; a wind that brings a storm; the blast of a storm. Longfellow.

Stormy

Storm"y (?), a. [Compar. Stormier (?); superl. Stormiest.]

1. Characterized by, or proceeding from, a storm; subject to storms; agitated with furious winds; biosterous; tempestous; as, a stormy season; a stormy day or week. "Beyond the stormy Hebrides." Milton.

2. Proceeding from violent agitation or fury; as, a stormy sound; stormy shocks.

3. Violent; passionate; rough; as, stormy passions.

Stormy chiefs of a desert but extensive domain. Sir W. Scott.

Storthing

Stor"thing (?), n. [Norw. storting; stor great + ting court, court of justice; cf. Dan. ting, thing.] The Parliament of Norway, chosen by indirect election once in three years, but holding annual sessions.

Storven

Stor"ven (?), obs. p. p. of Starve. Chaucer.

Story

Sto"ry (?), n.; pl. Stories (#). [OF. estor\'82, estor\'82e, built, erected, p.p. of estorer to build, restore, to store. See Store, v. t.] A set of rooms on the same floor or level; a floor, or the space between two floors. Also, a horizontal division of a building's exterior considered architecturally, which need not correspond exactly with the stories within. [Written also storey.] &hand; A story comprehends the distance from one floor to another; as, a story of nine or ten feet elevation. The spaces between floors are numbered in order, from below upward; as, the lower, second, or third story; a house of one story, of two stories, of five stories. Story post (Arch.), a vertical post used to support a floor or superincumbent wall.

Story

Sto"ry, n. [OE. storie, OF. estoire, F. histoire, fr. L. historia. See History.]

1. A narration or recital of that which has occurred; a description of past events; a history; a statement; a record.

One malcontent who did indeed get a name in story. Barrow.
Venice, with its unique city and its Impressive story. Ed. Rev.
The four great monarchies make the subject of ancient story. Sir W. Temple.

2. The relation of an incident or minor event; a short narrative; a tale; especially, a fictitious narrative less elaborate than a novel; a short romance. Addison.

3. A euphemism or child's word for "a lie;" a fib; as, to tell a story. [Colloq.]

Story

Sto"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Storied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Storying.] To tell in historical relation; to make the subject of a story; to narrate or describe in story.
How worthy he is I will leave to appear hereafter, rather than story him in his own hearing. Shak.
It is storied of the brazen colossus in Rhodes, that it was seventy cubits high. Bp. Wilkins.

Storybook

Sto"ry*book` (?), n. A book containing stories, or short narratives, either true or false.

Story-teller

Sto"ry-tell`er (?), n.

1. One who tells stories; a narrator of anecdotes,incidents, or fictitious tales; as, an amusing story-teller.

2. An historian; -- in contempt. Swift.

3. A euphemism or child's word for "a liar."

Story-telling

Sto"ry-tell`ing, a. Being accustomed to tell stories. -- n. The act or practice of telling stories.

Story-writer

Sto"ry-writ`er (?), n.

1. One who writes short stories, as for magazines.

2. An historian; a chronicler. [Obs.] "Rathums, the story-writer." 1 Esdr. ii. 17.

Stot

Stot (?), n. [AS. stotte a hack, jade, or worthless horse; cf. Sw. stut a bull, Dan. stud an ox. Cf. Stoat.]

1. A horse. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thorold Rogers.

2. A young bull or ox, especially one three years old. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Page 1421

Stote

Stote (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Stoat.

Stound

Stound (?), v. i. [Cf. Astound, Stun.] To be in pain or sorrow. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Stound

Stound (?), a. [See Stound, v. i.] Stunned. [Obs.]

Stound

Stound, n.

1. A sudden, severe pain or grief; peril; alarm. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Astonishment; amazement. [Obs.] Spenser. Gay.

Stound

Stound, n. [AS. stund; akin to D. stond, G. stunde, Icel. stund.]

1. Hour; time; season. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A brief space of time; a moment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In a stound, suddenly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stound

Stound, n. [Cf. Stand.] A vessel for holding small beer. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Stoup

Stoup (?), n. [See Stoop a vessel.]

1. A flagon; a vessel or measure for liquids. [Scot.]

2. (Eccl.) A basin at the entrance of Roman Catholic churches for containing the holy water with which those who enter, dipping their fingers in it, cross themselves; -- called also holy-water stoup.

Stour

Stour (?), n. [OF. estour, estor, tumult, combat, of Teutonic origin. See Storm.] A battle or tumult; encounter; combat; disturbance; passion. [Obs.] Fairfax. "That woeful stowre." Spenser.
She that helmed was in starke stours [fierce conflicts]. Chaucer.

Stour

Stour, a. [See Stoor, a.] Tall; strong; stern. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Stout

Stout (?), a. [Compar. Stouter (?); superl. Stoutest.] [D. stout bold (or OF. estout bold, proud, of Teutonic origin); akin to AS. stolt, G. stolz, and perh. to E. stilt.]

1. Strong; lusty; vigorous; robust; sinewy; muscular; hence, firm; resolute; dauntless.

With hearts stern and stout. Chaucer.
A stouter champion never handled sword. Shak.
He lost the character of a bold, stout, magnanimous man. Clarendon.
The lords all stand To clear their cause, most resolutely stout. Daniel.

2. Proud; haughty; arrogant; hard. [Archaic]

Your words have been stout against me. Mal. iii. 13.
Commonly . . . they that be rich are lofty and stout. Latimer.

3. Firm; tough; materially strong; enduring; as, a stout vessel, stick, string, or cloth.

4. Large; bulky; corpulent. Syn. -- Stout, Corpulent, Portly. Corpulent has reference simply to a superabundance or excess of flesh. Portly implies a kind of stoutness or corpulence which gives a dignified or imposing appearance. Stout, in our early writers (as in the English Bible), was used chiefly or wholly in the sense of strong or bold; as, a stout champion; a stout heart; a stout resistance, etc. At a later period it was used for thickset or bulky, and more recently, especially in England, the idea has been carried still further, so that Taylor says in his Synonyms: "The stout man has the proportions of an ox; he is corpulent, fat, and fleshy in relation to his size." In America, stout is still commonly used in the original sense of strong as, a stout boy; a stout pole.

Stout

Stout, n. A strong malt liquor; strong porter. <-- Famous Guiness' stout. --> Swift.

Stout-hearted

Stout"-heart"ed (?), a. Having a brave heart; courageous. -- Stout"-heart"ed*ness, n.

Stoutish

Stout"ish, a. Somewhat stout; somewhat corpulent.

Stoutly

Stout"ly, adv. In a stout manner; lustily; boldly; obstinately; as, he stoutly defended himself.

Stoutness

Stout"ness, n. The state or quality of being stout. Syn. -- Strength; bulk; courage; force; valor; lustiness; brawniness; boldness; fortitude; stubbornness.

Stove

Stove (?), imp. of Stave.

Stove

Stove, n. [D. stoof a foot stove, originally, a heated room, a room for a bath; akin to G. stube room, OHG. stuba a heated room, AS. stofe, Icel. stofa a room, bathing room, Sw. stufva, stuga, a room, Dan. stue; of unknown origin. Cf. Estufa, Stew, Stufa.]

1. A house or room artificially warmed or heated; a forcing house, or hothouse; a drying room; -- formerly, designating an artificially warmed dwelling or room, a parlor, or a bathroom, but now restricted, in this sense, to heated houses or rooms used for horticultural purposes or in the processes of the arts.

When most of the waiters were commanded away to their supper, the parlor or stove being nearly emptied, in came a company of musketeers. Earl of Strafford.
How tedious is it to them that live in stoves and caves half a year together, as in Iceland, Muscovy, or under the pole! Burton.

2. An apparatus, consisting essentially of a receptacle for fuel, made of iron, brick, stone, or tiles, and variously constructed, in which fire is made or kept for warming a room or a house, or for culinary or other purposes.

Cooking stove, a stove with an oven, opening for pots, kettles, and the like, -- used for cooking. -- Dry stove. See under Dry. -- Foot stove. See under Foot. -- Franklin stove. See in the Vocabulary. -- Stove plant (Bot.), a plant which requires artificial heat to make it grow in cold or cold temperate climates. -- Stove plate, thin iron castings for the parts of stoves.

Stove

Stove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stoved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stoving.]

1. To keep warm, in a house or room, by artificial heat; as, to stove orange trees. Bacon.

2. To heat or dry, as in a stove; as, to stove feathers.

Stovehouse

Stove"house` (?), n. A hothouse.

Stovepipe

Stove"pipe` (?), n. Pipe made of sheet iron in length and angular or curved pieces fitting together, -- used to connect a portable stove with a chimney flue. Stovepipe hat, the common tall silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]<-- common in the late 1800's -->

Stover

Sto"ver (?), n. [OE. estoveir, estovoir, necessity, provisions, properly an inf., "to be necessary." Cf. Estovers.] Fodder for cattle, especially straw or coarse hay.
Where live nibbling sheep, And flat meads thatched with stover them to keep. Shak.
Thresh barley as yet but as need shall require, Fresh threshed for stover thy cattle desire. Tusser.

Stow

Stow (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stowing.] [OE. stowen, fr. stowe a place, AS. stow; cf. Icel. eldst\'d3a fireplace, hearth, OFries. st\'d3, and E. stand. \'fb163.]

1. To place or arrange in a compact mass; to put in its proper place, or in a suitable place; to pack; as, to stowbags, bales, or casks in a ship's hold; to stow hay in a mow; to stow sheaves.

Some stow their oars, or stop the leaky sides. Dryden.

2. To put away in some place; to hide; to lodge.

Foul thief! where hast thou stowed my daughter? Shak.

3. To arrange anything compactly in; to fill, by packing closely; as, to stow a box, car, or the hold of a ship.

Stowage

Stow"age (?), n.

1. The act or method of stowing; as, the stowage of provisions in a vessel.

2. Room in which things may be stowed. Cook.

In every vessel is stowage for immense treasures. Addison.

3. The state of being stowed, or put away. "To have them in safe stowage." Shak.

4. Things stowed or packed. Beau. & Fl.

5. Money paid for stowing goods.

Stowaway

Stow"a*way` (?), n. One who conceals himself board of a vessel about to leave port, or on a railway train, in order to obtain a free passage.

Stowboard

Stow"board (?), n. A place into which rubbish is put. [Written also stowbord.]

Stowce

Stowce (?), n. (Mining) (a) A windlass. (b) A wooden landmark, to indicate possession of mining land.

Stowing

Stow"ing (?), n. (Mining) A method of working in which the waste is packed into the space formed by excavating the vein.

Stowre

Stowre (?), a. See Stour, a. [Obs.]

Stowre

Stowre, n. See Stour, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

Strabism

Stra"bism (?), n. (Med.) Strabismus.

Strabismometer

Stra`bis*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Strabismus + -meter.] (Med.) An instrument for measuring the amount of strabismus.

Strabismus

Stra*bis"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An affection of one or both eyes, in which the optic axes can not be directed to the same object, -- a defect due either to undue contraction or to undue relaxation of one or more of the muscles which move the eyeball; squinting; cross-eye.

Strabotomy

Stra*bot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation for the removal of squinting by the division of such muscles as distort the eyeball.

Straddle

Strad"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Straddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Straddling (?).] [Freq. from the root of stride.]

1. To part the legs wide; to stand or to walk with the legs far apart.

2. To stand with the ends staggered; -- said of the spokes of a wagon wheel where they join the hub.

Straddle

Strad"dle, v. t. To place one leg on one side and the other on the other side of; to stand or sit astride of; as, to straddle a fence or a horse.

Straddle

Strad"dle, n.

1. The act of standing, sitting, or walking, with the feet far apart.

2. The position, or the distance between the feet, of one who straddles; as, a wide straddle.

3. A stock option giving the holder the double privilege of a "put" and a "call," i. e., securing to the buyer of the option the right either to demand of the seller at a certain price, within a certain time, certain securities, or to require him to take at the same price, and within the same time, the same securities. [Broker's Cant]

Straddling

Strad"dling (?), a. Applied to spokes when they are arranged alternately in two circles in the hub. See Straddle, v. i., and Straddle, v. t., 3. Knight.

Stradometrical

Strad`o*met"ric*al (?), a. [It. strada street or road + E. metrical.] Of, or relating to, the measuring of streets or roads. [R.]

Straggle

Strag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Straggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Straggling (?).] [Freq. of OE. straken to roam, to stroke. See Stroke, v. t.]

1. To wander from the direct course or way; to rove; to stray; to wander from the line of march or desert the line of battle; as, when troops are on the march, the men should not straggle. Dryden.

2. To wander at large; to roam idly about; to ramble.

The wolf spied out a straggling kid. L'Estrange.

3. To escape or stretch beyond proper limits, as the branches of a plant; to spread widely apart; to shoot too far or widely in growth.

Trim off the small, superfluous branches on each side of the hedge that straggle too far out. Mortimer.

4. To be dispersed or separated; to occur at intervals. "Straggling pistol shots." Sir W. Scott.

They came between Scylla and Charybdis and the straggling rocks. Sir W. Raleigh.

Straggle

Strag"gle, n. The act of straggling. [R.] Carlyle.

Straggler

Strag"gler (?), n.

1. One who straggles, or departs from the direct or proper course, or from the company to which he belongs; one who falls behind the rest; one who rambles without any settled direction.

2. A roving vagabond. Shak.

3. Something that shoots, or spreads out, beyond the rest, or too far; an exuberant growth.

Let thy hand supply the pruning knife, And crop luxuriant stragglers. Dryden.

4. Something that stands alone or by itself.

Straggling

Strag"gling (?), a. & n. from Straggle, v.

Stragglingly

Strag"gling*ly, adv. In a straggling manner.

Stragulum

Strag"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Stragula (#). [L., a spread or covering, from sternere to spread out.] (Zo\'94l.) The mantle, or pallium, of a bird.

Straight

Straight (?), a. A variant of Strait, a. [Obs. or R.]
Egypt is a long country, but it is straight, that is to say, narrow. Sir J. Mandeville.

Straight

Straight, a. [Compar. Straighter (?); superl. Straightest.] [OE. strei, properly p.p. of strecchen to stretch, AS. streht, p.p. of streccan to stretch, to extend. See Stretch.]

1. Right, in a mathematical sense; passing from one point to another by the nearest course; direct; not deviating or crooked; as, a straight line or course; a straight piece of timber.

And the crooked shall be made straight. Isa. xl. 4.
There are many several sorts of crooked lines, but there is only one which is straight. Dryden.

2. (Bot.) Approximately straight; not much curved; as, straight ribs are such as pass from the base of a leaf to the apex, with a small curve.

3. (Card Playing) Composed of cards which constitute a regular sequence, as the ace, king, queen, jack, and ten-spot; as, a straight hand; a straight flush. <-- previously called also sequence, which see. -->

4. Conforming to justice and rectitude; not deviating from truth or fairness; upright; as, straight dealing.

5. Unmixed; undiluted; as, to take liquor straight. [Slang]

6. Making no exceptions or deviations in one's support of the organization and candidates of a political party; as, a straight Republican; a straight Democrat; also, containing the names of all the regularly nominated candidates of a party and no others; as, a straight ballot. [Political Cant, U.S.]

Straight arch (Arch.), a form of arch in which the intrados is straight, but with its joints drawn radially, as in a common arch. -- A straight face, one giving no evidence of merriment or other emotion. -- A straight line. "That which lies evenly between its extreme points." Euclid. "The shortest line between two points." Chauvenet. "A line which has the same direction through its whole length." Newcomb. -- Straight-way valve, a valve which, when opened widely, affords a straight passageway, as for water. <-- the straight and narrow, proper ethical conduct; -- used esp. in the phrase walk the straight and narrow. -->

Straight

Straight (?), adv. In a straight manner; directly; rightly; forthwith; immediately; as, the arrow went straight to the mark. "Floating straight." Shak.
I know thy generous temper well; Fling but the appearance of dishonor on it, It straight takes fire, and mounts into a blaze. Addison.
Everything was going on straight. W. Black.

Straight

Straight, n. (Poker) A hand of five cards in consecutive order as to value; a sequence. When they are of one suit, it is calles straight flush.

Straight

Straight, v. t. To straighten. [R.] A Smith.

Straightedge

Straight"edge` (?), n. A board, or piece of wood or metal, having one edge perfectly straight, -- used to ascertain whether a line is straight or a surface even, and for drawing straight lines.

Straighten

Straight"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Straighted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Straighting.]

1. To make straight; to reduce from a crooked to a straight form.

2. To make right or correct; to reduce to order; as, to straighten one's affairs; to straighten an account.

To straighten one's face, to cease laughing or smiling, etc., and compose one's features.

Straighten

Straight"en, v. t. A variant of Straiten. [Obs. or R.]

Straightener

Straight"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, straightens.

Straightforth

Straight"forth` (?), adv. Straightway. [Obs.]

Straightforward

Straight`for"ward (?), a. Proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating; honest; frank. -- adv. In a straightforward manner. -- Straight`for"ward*ly, adv. -- Straight`for"ward*ness, n.

Straighthorn

Straight"horn` (?), n. (Paleon.) An orthoceras.

Straight-joint

Straight"-joint` (?), a. (Arch.) Having straight joints. Specifically: (a) Applied to a floor the boards of which are so laid that the joints form a continued line transverse to the length of the boards themselves. Brandle & C. (b) In the United States, applied to planking or flooring put together without the tongue and groove, the pieces being laid edge to edge.

Straight-lined

Straight"-lined` (?), a. Having straight lines.

Straightly

Straight"ly, adv. In a right line; not crookedly.

Straightly

Straight"ly, adv. A variant of Straitly. See 1st Straight.

Straightness

Straight"ness, n. The quality, condition, or state, of being straight; as, the straightness of a path.

Straightness

Straight"ness, n. A variant of Straitness.

Straight-out

Straight"-out` (?), a. Acting without concealment, obliquity, or compromise; hence, unqualified; thoroughgoing. [Colloq. U.S.]
Straight-out and generous indignation. Mrs. Stowe.

Straight-pight

Straight"-pight` (?), a. Straight in form or upright in position; erect. [Obs.] Shak.

Straight-spoken

Straight"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking with directness; plain-spoken. [Colloq. U.S.] Lowell.

Straightway

Straight"way` (?), adv. Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
He took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, Talitha cumi. . . . And straightway the damsel arose. Mark v. 41,42.

Straightways

Straight"ways` (?), adv. Straightway. [Obs.]

Straik

Straik (?), n. A strake.

Strain

Strain (?), n. [See Strene.]

1. Race; stock; generation; descent; family.

He is of a noble strain. Shak.
With animals and plants a cross between different varieties, or between individuals of the same variety but of another strain, gives vigor and fertility to the offspring. Darwin.

2. Hereditary character, quality, or disposition.

Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which, propogated, spoil the strain of nation. Tillotson.

3. Rank; a sort. "The common strain." Dryden.

Strain

Strain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Straining.] [OF. estraindre, estreindre, F. \'82treindre, L. stringere to draw or bind tight; probably akin to Gr. strike. Cf. Strangle, Strike, Constrain, District, Strait, a. Stress, Strict, Stringent.]

1. To draw with force; to extend with great effort; to stretch; as, to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship; to strain the cords of a musical instrument. "To strain his fetters with a stricter care." Dryden.

2. (Mech.) To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as forces on a beam to bend it.

3. To exert to the utmost; to ply vigorously.

He sweats, Strains his young nerves. Shak.
They strain their warbling throats To welcome in the spring. Dryden.

4. To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in the matter of intent or meaning; as, to strain the law in order to convict an accused person.

There can be no other meaning in this expression, however some may pretend to strain it. Swift.

5. To injure by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force; as, the gale strained the timbers of the ship.

6. To injure in the muscles or joints by causing to make too strong an effort; to harm by overexertion; to sprain; as, to strain a horse by overloading; to strain the wrist; to strain a muscle.

Prudes decayed about may track, Strain their necks with looking back. Swift.

7. To squeeze; to press closely.

Evander with a close embrace Strained his departing friend. Dryden.

8. To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain.

He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth Is forced and strained. Denham.
The quality of mercy is not strained. Shak.

9. To urge with importunity; to press; as, to strain a petition or invitation.

Note, if your lady strain his entertainment. Shak.

10. To press, or cause to pass, through a strainer, as through a screen, a cloth, or some porous substance; to purify, or separate from extraneous or solid matter, by filtration; to filter; as, to strain milk through cloth.

To strain a point, to make a special effort; especially, to do a degree of violence to some principle or to one's own feelings. -- To strain courtesy, to go beyond what courtesy requires; to insist somewhat too much upon the precedence of others; -- often used ironically. Shak.
Page 1422

Strain

Strain (?), v. i.

1. To make violent efforts. "Straining with too weak a wing." Pope.

To build his fortune I will strain a little. Shak.

2. To percolate; to be filtered; as, water straining through a sandy soil.

Strain

Strain, n.

1. The act of straining, or the state of being strained. Specifically: -- (a) A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles; as, he lifted the weight with a strain the strain upon a ship's rigging in a gale; also, the hurt or injury resulting; a sprain.

Whether any poet of our country since Shakespeare has exerted a greater variety of powers with less strain and less ostentation. Landor.
Credit is gained by custom, and seldom recovers a strain. Sir W. Temple.
(b) (Mech. Physics) A change of form or dimensions of a solid or liquid mass, produced by a stress. Rankine.

2. (Mus.) A portion of music divided off by a double bar; a complete musical period or sentence; a movement, or any rounded subdivision of a movement.

Their heavenly harps a lower strain began. Dryden.

3. Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, oration, book, etc.; theme; motive; manner; style; also, a course of action or conduct; as, he spoke in a noble strain; there was a strain of woe in his story; a strain of trickery appears in his career. "A strain of gallantry." Sir W. Scott.

Such take too high a strain at first. Bacon.
The genius and strain of the book of Proverbs. Tillotson.
It [Pilgrim's Progress] seems a novelty, and yet contains Nothing but sound and honest gospel strains. Bunyan.

4. Turn; tendency; inborn disposition. Cf. 1st Strain.

Because heretics have a strain of madness, he applied her with some corporal chastisements. Hayward.

Strainable

Strain"a*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of being strained.

2. Violent in action. Holinshed.

Strainably

Strain"a*bly, adv. Violently. Holinshed.

Strained

Strained (?), a.

1. Subjected to great or excessive tension; wrenched; weakened; as, strained relations between old friends.

2. Done or produced with straining or excessive effort; as, his wit was strained.

Strainer

Strain"er (?), n.

1. One who strains.

2. That through which any liquid is passed for purification or to separate it from solid matter; anything, as a screen or a cloth, used to strain a liquid; a device of the character of a sieve or of a filter; specifically, an openwork or perforated screen, as for the end of the suctionpipe of a pump, to prevent large solid bodies from entering with a liquid.

Straining

Strain"ing, a. & n. from Strain. Straining piece (Arch.), a short piece of timber in a truss, used to maintain the ends of struts or rafters, and keep them from slipping. See Illust. of Queen-post.

Straint

Straint (?), n. [OF. estrainte, estreinte, F. \'82trainte. See 2nd Strain.] Overexertion; excessive tension; strain. [Obs.] Spenser.

Strait

Strait (?), a. A variant of Straight. [Obs.]

Strait

Strait (?), a. [Compar. Straiter (?); superl. Straitest.] [OE. straight, streyt, streit, OF. estreit, estroit, F. \'82troit, from L. strictus drawn together, close, tight, p.p. of stringere to draw tight. See 2nd Strait, and cf. Strict.]

1. Narrow; not broad.

Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it. Matt. vii. 14.
Too strait and low our cottage doors. Emerson.

2. Tight; close; closely fitting. Shak.

3. Close; intimate; near; familiar. [Obs.] "A strait degree of favor." Sir P. Sidney.

4. Strict; scrupulous; rigorous.

Some certain edicts and some strait decrees. Shak.
The straitest sect of our religion. Acts xxvi. 5 (Rev. Ver.).

5. Difficult; distressful; straited.

To make your strait circumstances yet straiter. Secker.

6. Parsimonious; niggargly; mean. [Obs.]

I beg cold comfort, and you are so strait, And so ingrateful, you deny me that. Shak.

Strait

Strait (?), adv. Strictly; rigorously. [Obs.] Shak.

Strait

Strait, n.; pl. Straits (#). [OE. straight, streit, OF. estreit, estroit. See Strait, a.]

1. A narrow pass or passage.

He brought him through a darksome narrow strait To a broad gate all built of beaten gold. Spenser.
Honor travels in a strait so narrow Where one but goes abreast. Shak.

2. Specifically: (Geog.) A (comparatively) narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water; -- often in the plural; as, the strait, or straits, of Gibraltar; the straits of Magellan; the strait, or straits, of Mackinaw.

We steered directly through a large outlet which they call a strait, though it be fifteen miles broad. De Foe.

3. A neck of land; an isthmus. [R.]

A dark strait of barren land. Tennyson.

4. Fig.: A condition of narrowness or restriction; doubt; distress; difficulty; poverty; perplexity; -- sometimes in the plural; as, reduced to great straits.

For I am in a strait betwixt two. Phil. i. 23.
Let no man, who owns a Providence, grow desperate under any calamity or strait whatsoever. South.
Ulysses made use of the pretense of natural infirmity to conceal the straits he was in at that time in his thoughts. Broome.

Strait

Strait, v. t. To put to difficulties. [Obs.] Shak.

Straiten

Strait"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Straitened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Straitening.]

1. To make strait; to make narrow; hence, to contract; to confine.

Waters, when straitened, as at the falls of bridges, give a roaring noise. Bacon.
In narrow circuit, straitened by a foe. Milton.

2. To make tense, or tight; to tighten.

They straiten at each end the cord. Pope.

3. To restrict; to distress or embarrass in respect of means or conditions of life; -- used chiefly in the past participle; -- as, a man straitened in his circumstances.

Strait-handed

Strait"-hand`ed (?), a. Parsimonious; sparing; niggardly. [R.] -- Strait"-hand`ed*ness, n. [R.]

Strait-jacket

Strait"-jack`et (?), n. A dress of strong materials for restraining maniacs or those who are violently delirious. It has long sleeves, which are closed at the ends, confining the hands, and may be tied behind the back.

Strait-laced

Strait"-laced` (?), a.

1. Bound with stays.

Let nature have scope to fashion the body as she thinks best; we have few well-shaped that are strait-laced. Locke.

2. Restricted; stiff; constrained. [R.] Fuller.

3. Rigid in opinion; strict in manners or morals.

Straitly

Strait"ly, adv.

1. In a strait manner; narrowly; strictly; rigorously. Mark i. 43.

2. Closely; intimately. [Obs.]

Straitness

Strait"ness, n. The quality or condition of being strait; especially, a pinched condition or situation caused by poverty; as, the straitnessof their circumstances.

Strait-waistcoat

Strait"-waist`coat (?), n. Same as Strait-jacket.

Strake

Strake (?), obs. imp. of Strike. Spenser.

Strake

Strake, n. [See Streak.]

1. A streak. [Obs.] Spenser."White strake." Gen. xxx. 37.

2. An iron band by which the fellies of a wheel are secured to each other, being not continuous, as the tire is, but made up of separate pieces.

3. (Shipbuilding) One breadth of planks or plates forming a continuous range on the bottom or sides of a vessel, reaching from the stem to the stern; a streak. &hand; The planks or plates next the keel are called the garboard strakes; the next, or the heavy strakes at the bilge, are the bilge strakes; the next, from the water line to the lower port sill, the wales; and the upper parts of the sides, the sheer strakes.

4. (Mining) A trough for washing broken ore, gravel, or sand; a launder.

Strale

Strale (?), n. Pupil of the eye. [Prov. Eng.]

Stram

Stram (?), v. t. [Cf. LG. strammen to strain, straiten, stretch, D. stram strained, tight, G. stramm.] To spring or recoil with violence. [Prov. Eng.]

Stram

Stram, v. t. To dash down; to beat. [Prov. Eng.]

Stramash

Stram"ash (?), v. t. [Cf. Stramazoun.] To strike, beat, or bang; to break; to destroy. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

Stramash

Stram"ash, n. A turmoil; a broil; a fray; a fight. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Barham.

Stramazoun

Stram"a*zoun (?), n. [F. estrama\'87on, It. stramazzone.] A direct descending blow with the edge of a sword. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Stramineous

Stra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. stramineus, fr. stramen straw, fr. sternere, stratum, to spread out, to strew.]

1. Strawy; consisting of straw. Robinson.

2. Chaffy; like straw; straw-colored. Burton.

Stramonium

Stra*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL.; Cf. F. stramoine.] (Bot.) A poisonous plant (Datura Stramonium); stinkweed. See Datura, and Jamestown weed.

Stramony

Stram"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) Stramonium.

Strand

Strand (?), n. [Probably fr. D. streen a skein; akin to G. str\'84hne a skein, lock of hair, strand of a rope.] One of the twists, or strings, as of fibers, wires, etc., of which a rope is composed.

Strand

Strand, v. t. To break a strand of (a rope).

Strand

Strand, n. [AS. strand; akin to D., G., Sw., & Dan. strand, Icel. str\'94nd.] The shore, especially the beach of a sea, ocean, or large lake; rarely, the margin of a navigable river. Chaucer. Strand birds. (Zo\'94l.) See Shore birds, under Shore. -- Strand plover (Zo\'94l.), a black-bellied plover. See Illust. of Plover. -- Strand wolf (Zo\'94l.), the brown hyena.

Strand

Strand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stranded; p. pr. & vb. n. Stranding.] To drive on a strand; hence, to run aground; as, to strand a ship.

Strand

Strand (?), v. i. To drift, or be driven, on shore to run aground; as, the ship stranded at high water.

Strang

Strang (?), a. [See Strong.] Strong. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

Strange

Strange (?), a. [Compar. Stranger (?); superl. Strangest (?).] [OE. estrange, F. \'82trange, fr. L. extraneus that is without, external, foreign, fr. extra on the outside. See Extra, and cf. Estrange, Extraneous.]

1. Belonging to another country; foreign. "To seek strange strands." Chaucer.

One of the strange queen's lords. Shak.
I do not contemn the knowledge of strange and divers tongues. Ascham.

2. Of or pertaining to others; not one's own; not pertaining to one's self; not domestic.

So she, impatient her own faults to see, Turns from herself, and in strange things delights. Sir J. Davies.

3. Not before known, heard, or seen; new.

Here is the hand and seal of the duke; you know the character, I doubt not; and the signet is not strange to you. Shak.

4. Not according to the common way; novel; odd; unusual; irregular; extraordinary; unnatural; queer. "He is sick of a strange fever." Shak.

Sated at length, erelong I might perceive Strange alteration in me. Milton.

5. Reserved; distant in deportment. Shak.

She may be strange and shy at first, but will soon learn to love thee. Hawthorne.

6. Backward; slow. [Obs.]

Who, loving the effect, would not be strange In favoring the cause. Beau. & Fl.

7. Not familiar; unaccustomed; inexperienced.

In thy fortunes am unlearned and strange. Shak.
&hand; Strange is often used as an exclamation.
Strange! what extremes should thus preserve the snow High on the Alps, or in deep caves below. Waller.
Strange sail (Naut.), an unknown vessel. -- Strange woman (Script.), a harlot. Prov. v. 3. -- To make it strange. (a) To assume ignorance, suspicion, or alarm, concerning it. Shak. (b) To make it a matter of difficulty. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To make strange, To make one's self strange. (a) To profess ignorance or astonishment. (b) To assume the character of a stranger. Gen. xlii. 7. Syn. -- Foreign; new; outlandish; wonderful; astonishing; marvelous; unusual; odd; uncommon; irregular; queer; eccentric.

Strange

Strange, adv. Strangely. [Obs.]
Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak. Shak.

Strange

Strange, v. t. To alienate; to estrange. [Obs.]

Strange

Strange, v. i.

1. To be estranged or alienated. [Obs.]

2. To wonder; to be astonished. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Strangely

Strange"ly, adv.

1. As something foreign, or not one's own; in a manner adapted to something foreign and strange. [Obs.] Shak.

2. In the manner of one who does not know another; distantly; reservedly; coldly.

You all look strangely on me. Shak.
I do in justice charge thee . . . That thou commend it strangely to some place Where chance may nurse or end it. Shak.

3. In a strange manner; in a manner or degree to excite surprise or wonder; wonderfully.

How strangely active are the arts of peace! Dryden.
It would strangely delight you to see with what spirit he converses. Law.

Strangeness

Strange"ness, n. The state or quality of being strange (in any sense of the adjective).

Stranger

Stran"ger (?), n. [OF. estrangier, F. \'82tranger. See Strange.]

1. One who is strange, foreign, or unknown. Specifically: -- (a) One who comes from a foreign land; a foreigner.

I am a most poor woman and a stranger, Born out of your dominions. Shak.
(b) One whose home is at a distance from the place where he is, but in the same country. (c) One who is unknown or unacquainted; as, the gentleman is a stranger to me; hence, one not admitted to communication, fellowship, or acquaintance.
Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear, And strangers to the sun yet ripen here. Granville.
My child is yet a stranger in the world. Shak.
I was no stranger to the original. Dryden.

2. One not belonging to the family or household; a guest; a visitor.

To honor and receive Our heavenly stranger. Milton.

3. (Law) One not privy or party an act, contract, or title; a mere intruder or intermeddler; one who interferes without right; as, actual possession of land gives a good title against a stranger having no title; as to strangers, a mortgage is considered merely as a pledge; a mere stranger to the levy.

Stranger

Stran"ger, v. t. To estrange; to alienate. [Obs.] Shak.

Strangle

Stran"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strangling (?).] [OF. estrangler, F. \'82trangler, L. strangulare, Gr. string, n. Cf. Strain, String.]

1. To compress the windpipe of (a person or animal) until death results from stoppage of respiration; to choke to death by compressing the throat, as with the hand or a rope.

Our Saxon ancestors compelled the adulteress to strangle herself. Ayliffe.

2. To stifle, choke, or suffocate in any manner.

Shall I not then be stifled in the vault, . . . And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes? Shak.

3. To hinder from appearance; to stifle; to suppress. "Strangle such thoughts." Shak.

Strangle

Stran"gle, v. i. To be strangled, or suffocated.

Strangleable

Stran"gle*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being strangled. [R.] Chesterfield.

Strangler

Stran"gler (?), n. One who, or that which, strangles. "The very strangler of their amity." Shak.
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Strangles

Stran"gles (?), n. A disease in horses and swine, in which the upper part of the throat, or groups of lymphatic glands elsewhere, swells.

Strangulate

Stran"gu*late (?), a. (Bot.) Strangulated.

Strangulated

Stran"gu*la`ted (?), a.

1. (Med.) Having the circulation stopped by compression; attended with arrest or obstruction of circulation, caused by constriction or compression; as, a strangulated hernia.

2. (Bot.) Contracted at irregular intervals, if tied with a ligature; constricted.

Strangulated hernia. (Med.) See under Hernia.

Strangulation

Stran"gu*la`tion (?), n. [L. strangulatio: cf. F. strangulation. See Strangle.]

1. The act of strangling, or the state of being strangled.

2. (Med.) Inordinate compression or constriction of a tube or part, as of the throat; especially, such as causes a suspension of breathing, of the passage of contents, or of the circulation, as in cases of hernia.

Strangurious

Stran*gu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. stranguriosus.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to strangury. Cheyne.

Strangury

Stran"gu*ry (?), n. [L. stranguria, Gr. strangurie. See Strangle, and Urine.]

1. (Med.) A painful discharge of urine, drop by drop, produced by spasmodic muscular contraction.

2. (Bot.) A swelling or other disease in a plant, occasioned by a ligature fastened tightly about it.

Strany

Stra"ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

Strap

Strap (?), n. [OE. strope, AS. stropp, L. stroppus, struppus, perhaps fr. Gr. Strophe). Cf. Strop a strap, a piece of rope.]

1. A long, narrow, pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the like; specifically, a strip of thick leather used in flogging.

A lively cobbler that . . . had scarce passed a day without giving her [his wife] the discipline of the strap. Addison.

2. Something made of such a strip, or of a part of one, or a combination of two or more for a particular use; as, a boot strap, shawl strap, stirrup strap.

3. A piece of leather, or strip of wood covered with a suitable material, for sharpening a razor; a strop.

4. A narrow strip of anything, as of iron or brass. Specifically: -- (a) (Carp. & Mach.) A band, plate, or loop of metal for clasping and holding timbers or parts of a machine. (b) (Naut.) A piece of rope or metal passing around a block and used for fastening it to anything.

5. (Bot.) (a) The flat part of the corolla in ligulate florets, as those of the white circle in the daisy. (b) The leaf, exclusive of its sheath, in some grasses.

6. A shoulder strap. See under Shoulder.

Strap bolt, a bolt of which one end is a flat bar of considerable length. -- Strap head (Mach.), a journal box, or pair of brasses, secured to the end of a connecting rod by a strap. See Illust. of Gib and key, under Gib. -- Strap hinge, a hinge with long flaps by which it is fastened, as to a door or wall. -- Strap rail (Railroads), a flat rail formerly used.

Strap

Strap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strapping.]

1. To beat or chastise with a strap.

2. To fasten or bind with a strap. Cowper.

3. To sharpen by rubbing on a strap, or strop; as, to strap a razor.

Strappado

Strap*pa"do (?), n.; pl. Strappadoes (#). [It. strappata a pull, the strappado, from strappare to pull, from Prov. G. strapfen: cf. G. straff tense, stretched.] A military punishment formerly practiced, which consisted in drawing an offender to the top of a beam and letting him fall to the length of the rope, by which means a limb was often dislocated. Shak.

Strappado

Strap*pa"do, v. t. To punish or torture by the strappado. Milton.

Strapper

Strap"per (?), n.

1. One who uses strap.

2. A person or thing of uncommon size. [Colloq.]

Strapping

Strap"ping (?), a. Tall; strong; lusty; large; as, a strapping fellow. [Colloq.]
There are five and thirty strapping officers gone. Farquhar.

Strapple

Strap"ple (?), v. t. To hold or bind with, or as with, a strap; to entangle. [Obs.] Chapman.

Strap-shaped

Strap"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a strap; ligulate; as, a strap-shaped corolla.

Strapwork

Strap"work` (?), n. (Arch.) A kind of ornament consisting of a narrow fillet or band folded, crossed, and interlaced.

Strass

Strass (?), n. [So called from its inventor, a German jeweler: cf. F. stras.] (Chem.) A brilliant glass, used in the manufacture of artificial paste gems, which consists essentially of a complex borosilicate of lead and potassium. Cf. Glass.

Strata

Stra"ta (?), n., pl. of Stratum.

Stratagem

Strat"a*gem (?), n. [F. stratag\'8ame (cf. Sp. estratagema, It. stratagemma), L. strategema, Gr. Stratum) + Agent.] An artifice or trick in war for deceiving the enemy; hence, in general, artifice; deceptive device; secret plot; evil machination.
Fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils. Shak.
Those oft are stratagems which error seem, Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream. Pope.

Stratagemical

Strat`a*gem"ic*al (?), a. Containing stratagem; as, a stratagemical epistle. [R.] Swift.

Stratarithmetry

Strat`a*rith"me*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] (Mil.) The art of drawing up an army, or any given number of men, in any geometrical figure, or of estimating or expressing the number of men in such a figure.

Strategetic, Strategetical

Strat`e*get"ic (?), Strat`e*get"ic*al (?), a. Strategic.

Strategetics

Strat`e*get"ics (?), n. Strategy.

Strategic, Strategical

Stra*te"gic (?), Stra*te"gic*al, a. [Gr. strat\'82gique.] Of or pertaining to strategy; effected by artifice. -- Stra*te"gic*al*ly, adv. Strategic line (Mil.), a line joining strategic points. -- Strategic point (Mil.), any point or region in the theater or warlike operations which affords to its possessor an advantage over his opponent, as a mountain pass, a junction of rivers or roads, a fortress, etc.

Strategics

Stra*te"gics (?), n. Strategy.

Strategist

Strat"e*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. strat\'82giste.] One skilled in strategy, or the science of directing great military movements.

Strategus

Stra*te"gus (?), n.; pl. Strategi (#). [L., fr. Gr. Stratagem.] (Gr. Antiq.) The leader or commander of an army; a general.

Strategy

Strat"e*gy (?), n. [Gr. strat\'82gie. See Stratagem.]

1. The science of military command, or the science of projecting campaigns and directing great military movements; generalship.

2. The use of stratagem or artifice. <-- 3. a plan of action encompassing the methods to be adopted from beginning to end of a task or endeavor, focussing on the general methods; -- contrasted with tactics, which is a plan for accomplishing subgoals of lesser extent than the primary goal. Thus, a strategy is a plan for winning a war, and a tactic is a plan for winning a battle. 4. Biol. A behavior evolved and exhibited by a living organism to accomplish some important goal, as a foraging strategy. -->

Strath

Strath (?), n. [Gael. srath.] A valley of considerable size, through which a river runs; a valley bottom; -- often used in composition with the name of the river; as, Strath Spey, Strathdon, Strathmore. [Scot.]
The long green strath of Napa valley. R. L. Stevenson.

Strathspey

Strath"spey` (?), n. [So called from the district of Strath Spey in Scotland.] A lively Scottish dance, resembling the reel, but slower; also, the tune.

Straticulate

Stra*tic"u*late (?), a. [Dim. Fr. stratum.] (Min.) Characterized by the presence of thin parallel strata, or layers, as in an agate.

Stratification

Strat`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. stratification.]

1. The act or process of laying in strata, or the state of being laid in the form of strata, or layers.

2. (Physiol.) The deposition of material in successive layers in the growth of a cell wall, thus giving rise to a stratified appearance.

Stratified

Strat"i*fied (?), a. Having its substance arranged in strata, or layers; as, stratified rock.

Stratiform

Strat"i*form (?), a. Having the form of strata.

Stratify

Strat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stratified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stratifying (?).] [Stratum + -fy: cf. F. stratifier.] To form or deposit in strata, or layers, as substances in the earth; to arrange in strata.

Stratigraphic, Stratigraphical

Strat`i*graph"ic (?), Strat`i*graph"ic*al (?), a. (Geol.) Pertaining to, or depended upon, the order or arrangement of strata; as, stratigraphical evidence. -- Strat`i*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Stratigraphic, -ical

Strat`i*graph"ic, -ic*al, a. (Mil.) See Stratographic.

Stratigraphy

Stra*tig"ra*phy (?), n. [Stratum + -graphy.] That branch of geology which treats of the arrangement and succession of strata.

Stratocracy

Stra*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. -cracy, as in democracy: cf. F. stratocratie.] A military government; government by military chiefs and an army.

Stratographic, Stratographical

Strat`o*graph"ic (?), Strat`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to stratography.

Stratography

Stra*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of an army, or of what belongs to an army.

Stratonic

Stra*ton"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to an army. [R.]

Stratotic

Stra*tot"ic (?), a. Warlike; military. [R.]

Stratum

Stra"tum (?), n.; pl. E. Stratums (#), L. Strata (#). The latter is more common. [L., from sternere, stratum, to spread; akin to Gr. Strew, and cf. Consternation, Estrade, Prostrate, Stratus, Street.]

1. (Geol.) A bed of earth or rock of one kind, formed by natural causes, and consisting usually of a series of layers, which form a rock as it lies between beds of other kinds. Also used figuratively.

2. A bed or layer artificially made; a course.

Stratus

Stra"tus (?), n. [L. stratus a spreading out, scattering, from sternere, stratum, to spread.] (Meteor.) A form of clouds in which they are arranged in a horizontal band or layer. See Cloud.

Straught

Straught (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Stretch.

Straught

Straught, v. t. To stretch; to make straight. [Written also straucht.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Straw

Straw (?), v. t. To spread or scatter. See Strew, and Strow. Chaucer.

Straw

Straw, n. [OE. straw, stre, stree, AS. stre\'a0w, from the root of E. strew; akin to OFries. str\'c7, D. stroo, G. stroh, OHG. str\'d3, Icel. str\'be, Dan. straa, Sw. str\'86. \'fb166. See Strew.]

1. A stalk or stem of certain species of grain, pulse, etc., especially of wheat, rye, oats, barley, more rarely of buckwheat, beans, and pease.

2. The gathered and thrashed stalks of certain species of grain, etc.; as, a bundle, or a load, of rye straw.

3. Anything proverbially worthless; the least possible thing; a mere trifle.

I set not a straw by thy dreamings. Chaucer.
&hand; Straw is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, straw-built, straw-crowned, straw-roofed, straw-stuffed, and the like. Man of straw, an effigy formed by stuffing the garments of a man with straw; hence, a fictitious person; an irresponsible person; a puppet.<-- now usu. straw man, as in set up a straw man; -- used in disputation. Typically, one party accuses an opponent of setting up a straw man, meaning that the opponent is distorting his true opinion in order to make it look absurd. --> -- Straw bail, worthless bail, as being given by irresponsible persons. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Straw bid, a worthless bid; a bid for a contract which the bidder is unable or unwilling to fulfill. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Straw cat (Zo\'94l.), the pampas cat. -- Straw color, the color of dry straw, being a delicate yellow. -- Straw drain, a drain filled with straw. -- Straw plait, ∨ Straw plat, a strip formed by plaiting straws, used for making hats, bonnets, etc. -- To be in the straw, to be brought to bed, as a pregnant woman. [Slang]<-- archaic? Similar is "a roll in the hay" -->

Strawberry

Straw"ber*ry (?), n. [AS. stre\'a0wberige; stre\'a0w straw + berie berry; perhaps from the resemblance of the runners of the plant to straws.] (Bot.) A fragrant edible berry, of a delicious taste and commonly of a red color, the fruit of a plant of the genus Fragaria, of which there are many varieties. Also, the plant bearing the fruit. The common American strawberry is Fragaria virginiana; the European, F. vesca. There are also other less common species. Strawberry bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Calico bass, under Calico. -- Strawberry blite. (Bot.) See under Blite. -- Strawberry borer (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of insects whose larv\'91 burrow in the crown or roots of the strawberry vine. Especially: (a) The root borer (Anarsia lineatella), a very small dark gray moth whose larv\'91 burrow both in the larger roots and crown, often doing great damage. (b) The crown borer (Tyloderma fragari\'91), a small brown weevil whose larva burrows in the crown and kills the plant. -- Strawberry bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Euonymus Americanus), a kind of spindle tree having crimson pods and the seeds covered with a scarlet aril. -- Strawberry crab (Zo\'94l.), a small European spider crab (Eurynome aspera); -- so called because the back is covered with pink tubercles. -- Strawberry fish (Zo\'94l.), the amadavat. -- Strawberry geranium (Bot.), a kind of saxifrage (Saxifraga sarmentosa) having reniform leaves, and producing long runners like those of the strawberry. -- Strawberry leaf. (a) The leaf of the strawberry. (b) The symbol of the rank or estate of a duke, because the ducal coronet is twined with strawberry leaves. "The strawberry leaves on her chariot panels are engraved on her ladyship's heart." Thackeray. -- Strawberry-leaf roller (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of moths whose larv\'91 roll up, and feed upon, the leaves of the strawberry vine; especially, Phoxopteris fragari\'91, and Eccopsis permundana. -- Strawberry moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of moth whose larv\'91 feed on the strawberry vines; as: (a) The smeared dagger (Apatela oblinita), whose large hairy larva is velvety black with two rows of bright yellow spots on each side. (b) A geometrid (Angerona crocataria) which is yellow with dusky spots on the wings. Called also currant moth. -- Strawberry pear (Bot.), the red ovoid fruit of a West Indian plant of the genus Cereus (C. triangularia). It has a sweetish flavor, and is slightly acid, pleasant, and cooling. Also, the plant bearing the fruit. -- Strawberry sawfly (Zo\'94l.), a small black sawfly (Emphytus maculatus) whose larva eats the leaves of the strawberry vine. -- Strawberry tomato. (Bot.) See Alkekengi. -- Strawberry tree. (Bot.) See Arbutus. -- Strawberry vine (Bot.), the plant which yields the strawberry. -- Strawberry worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of any moth which feeds on the strawberry vine.

Strawboard

Straw"board` (?), n. Pasteboard made of pulp of straw.

Straw-colored

Straw"-col`ored (?), a. Being of a straw color. See Straw color, under Straw, n.

Straw-cutter

Straw"-cut`ter (?), n. An instrument to cut straw for fodder.

Strawed

Strawed (?), imp. & p. p. of Straw. [Obs.]

Strawworm

Straw"worm` (?), n. A caddice worm.

Strawy

Straw"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to straw; made of, or resembling, straw. Shak.

Stray

Stray (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Strayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Straying.] [OF. estraier, estraer, to stray, or as adj., stray, fr. (assumed) L. stratarius roving the streets, fr. L. strata (sc. via) a paved road. See Street, and Stray, a.]

1. To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate, or go out of the way.

Thames among the wanton valleys strays. Denham.

2. To wander from company, or from the proper limits; to rove at large; to roam; to go astray.

Now, until the break of day, Through this house each fairy stray. Shak.
A sheep doth very often stray. Shak.

3. Figuratively, to wander from the path of duty or rectitude; to err.

We have erred and strayed from thy ways.
While meaner things, whom instinct leads, Are rarely known to stray. Cowper.
Syn. -- To deviate; err; swerve; rove; roam; wander.

Stray

Stray, v. t. To cause to stray. [Obs.] Shak.

Stray

Stray, a. [Cf. OF. estrai\'82, p.p. of estraier. See Stray, v. i., and cf. Astray, Estray.] Having gone astray; strayed; wandering; as, a strayhorse or sheep. Stray line (Naut.), that portion of the log line which is veered from the reel to allow the chip to get clear of the stern eddies before the glass is turned. -- Stray mark (Naut.), the mark indicating the end of the stray line.

Stray

Stray, n.

1. Any domestic animal that has an inclosure, or its proper place and company, and wanders at large, or is lost; an estray. Used also figuratively.

Seeing him wander about, I took him up for a stray. Dryden.

2. The act of wandering or going astray. [R.] Shak.

Page 1424

Strayer

Stray"er (?), n. One who strays; a wanderer.

Stre

Stre (?), n. Straw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Streak

Streak (?), v. t. [Cf. Stretch, Streek.] To stretch; to extend; hence, to lay out, as a dead body. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Streak

Streak, n. [OE. streke; akin to D. streek a line, stroke, G. strich, AS. strica, Sw. strek, Dan. streg, Goth. stricks, and E. strike, stroke. See Strike, Stroke, n., and cf. Strake.]

1. A line or long mark of a different color from the ground; a stripe; a vein.

What mean those colored streaks in heaven? Milton.

2. (Shipbuilding) A strake.

3. (Min.) The fine powder or mark yielded by a mineral when scratched or rubbed against a harder surface, the color of which is sometimes a distinguishing character.

4. The rung or round of a ladder. [Obs.]

Streak

Streak, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Streaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Streaking.]

1. To form streaks or stripes in or on; to stripe; to variegate with lines of a different color, or of different colors.

A mule . . . streaked and dappled with white and black. Sandys.
Now streaked and glowing with the morning red. Prior.

2. With it as an object: To run swiftly. [Colloq.]

Streaked

Streaked (?), a.

1. Marked or variegated with stripes.

2. Uncomfortable; out of sorts. [Local, U.S.]

Streaky

Streak"y (?), a. Same as Streaked, 1. "The streaky west." Cowper.

Stream

Stream (?), n. [AS. stre\'a0m; akin to OFries. str\'bem, OS. str\'d3m, D. stroom, G. strom, OHG. stroum, str, Dan. & Sw. str\'94m, Icel. straumr, Ir. sroth, Lith. srove, Russ. struia, Gr. sru. \'fb174. Cf. Catarrh, Diarrhea, Rheum, Rhythm.]

1. A current water or other fluid; a liquid flowing continuously in a line or course, either on the earth, as a river, brook, etc., or from a vessel, reservoir, or fountain; specifically, any course of running water; as, many streams are blended in the Mississippi; gas and steam came from the earth in streams; a stream of molten lead from a furnace; a stream of lava from a volcano.

2. A beam or ray of light. "Sun streams." Chaucer.

3. Anything issuing or moving with continued succession of parts; as, a stream of words; a stream of sand. "The stream of beneficence." Atterbury. "The stream of emigration." Macaulay.

4. A continued current or course; as, a stream of weather. "The very stream of his life." Shak.

5. Current; drift; tendency; series of tending or moving causes; as, the stream of opinions or manners.

Gulf stream. See under Gulf. -- Stream anchor, Stream cable. (Naut.) See under Anchor, and Cable. -- Stream ice, blocks of ice floating in a mass together in some definite direction. -- Stream tin, particles or masses of tin ore found in alluvial ground; -- so called because a stream of water is the principal agent used in separating the ore from the sand and gravel. -- Stream works (Cornish Mining), a place where an alluvial deposit of tin ore is worked. Ure. -- To float with the stream, figuratively, to drift with the current of opinion, custom, etc., so as not to oppose or check it. <-- Colloq. = go with the flow, blow with the wind. --> Syn. -- Current; flow; rush; tide; course. -- Stream, Current. These words are often properly interchangeable; but stream is the broader word, denoting a prevailing onward course. The stream of the Mississippi rolls steadily on to the Gulf of Mexico, but there are reflex currents in it which run for a while in a contrary direction.

Stream

Stream, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Streamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Streaming.]

1. To issue or flow in a stream; to flow freely or in a current, as a fluid or whatever is likened to fluids; as, tears streamed from her eyes.

Beneath those banks where rivers stream. Milton.

2. To pour out, or emit, a stream or streams.

A thousand suns will stream on thee. Tennyson.

3. To issue in a stream of light; to radiate.

4. To extend; to stretch out with a wavy motion; to float in the wind; as, a flag streams in the wind.

Stream

Stream, v. t. To send forth in a current or stream; to cause to flow; to pour; as, his eyes streamed tears.
It may so please that she at length will stream Some dew of grace into my withered heart. Spenser.

2. To mark with colors or embroidery in long tracts.

The herald's mantle is streamed with gold. Bacon.

3. To unfurl. Shak.

To stream the buoy. (Naut.) See under Buoy.

Streamer

Stream"er (?), n.

1. An ensign, flag, or pennant, which floats in the wind; specifically, a long, narrow, ribbonlike flag.

Brave Rupert from afar appears, Whose waving streamers the glad general knows. Dryden.

3. A stream or column of light shooting upward from the horizon, constituting one of the forms of the aurora borealis. Macaulay.

While overhead the North's dumb streamers shoot. Lowell.

3. (Mining) A searcher for stream tin.

Streamful

Stream"ful (?), a. Abounding in streams, or in water. "The streamful tide." Drayton.

Streaminess

Stream"i*ness (?), n. The state of being streamy; a trailing. R. A. Proctor.

Streaming

Stream"ing, a. Sending forth streams.

Streaming

Stream"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of that which streams; the act of that which sends forth, or which runs in, streams.

2. (Mining) The reduction of stream tin; also, the search for stream tin.

Streamless

Stream"less, a. Destitute of streams, or of a stream, as a region of country, or a dry channel.

Streamlet

Stream"let (?), n. A small stream; a rivulet; a rill.

Streamy

Stream"y (?), a.

1. Abounding with streams, or with running water; streamful.

Arcadia However streamy now, adust and dry, Denied the goddess water. Prior.

2. Resembling a stream; issuing in a stream.

His nodding helm emits a streamy ray. Pope.

Stree

Stree (?), n. Straw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Streek

Streek (?), v. t. To stretch; also, to lay out, as a dead body. See Streak. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Streel

Streel (?), v. i. [Cf. Stroll.] To trail along; to saunter or be drawn along, carelessly, swaying in a kind of zigzag motion. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Streen

Streen (?), n. See Strene. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Street

Street (?), n. [OE. strete, AS. str, fr. L. strata (sc. via) a paved way, properly fem. p.p. of sternere, stratum, to spread; akin to E. strew. See Strew, and cf. Stratum, Stray, v. & a.] Originally, a paved way or road; a public highway; now commonly, a thoroughfare in a city or village, bordered by dwellings or business houses.
He removed [the body of] Amasa from the street unto the field. Coverdale.
At home or through the high street passing. Milton.
&hand; In an extended sense, street designates besides the roadway, the walks, houses, shops, etc., which border the thoroughfare.
His deserted mansion in Duke Street. Macaulay.
The street (Broker's Cant), that thoroughfare of a city where the leading bankers and brokers do business; also, figuratively, those who do business there; as, the street would not take the bonds. -- Street Arab, Street broker, etc. See under Arab, Broker, etc. -- Street door, a door which opens upon a street, or is nearest the street. Syn. -- See Way.

Streetwalker

Street"walk`er (?), n. A common prostitute who walks the streets to find customers.

Streetward

Street"ward` (?), n. An officer, or ward, having the care of the streets. [Obs.] Cowell.

Streetward

Street"ward (?), a. Facing toward the street.
Their little streetward sitting room. Tennyson.

Streight

Streight (?), a., n., & adv. See 2nd Strait. [Obs.]

Streighten

Streight"en (?), v. t. See Straiten. [Obs.]

Strein

Strein (?), v. t. To strain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Streit

Streit (?), a. [See Stretch.] Drawn. [Obs.]
Pyrrhus with his streite sword. Chaucer.

Streit

Streit, a. Close; narrow; strict. [Obs.] See Strait.

Streite

Streite, adv. Narrowly; strictly; straitly. [Obs.]

Strelitz

Strel"itz (?), n.sing. & pl. [Russ. strieli\'82ts' a shooter, archer.] A soldier of the ancient Muscovite guard or Russian standing army; also, the guard itself.

Strelitzia

Stre*litz"i*a (?), n. [NL., named after Charlotte, Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and queen of George III of Great Britain.] (Bot.) A genus of plants related to the banana, found at the Cape of Good Hope. They have rigid glaucous distichous leaves, and peculiar richly colored flowers.

Strene

Strene (?), n. [OE. stren, streen, streon, AS. gestri\'82nan, gestr, gestre\'a2nan, to beget, to obtain, gestre\'a2n gain, wealth; akin to OHG. striunan to gain. Cf. Strian race, family.] Race; offspring; stock; breed; strain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Strenger, Strengest

Stren"ger (?), Stren"gest (?), the original compar. & superl. of Strong. [Obs.]
Two of us shall strenger be than one. Chaucer.

Strength

Strength (?), n. [OE. strengthe, AS. streng, fr. strang strong. See Strong.]

1. The quality or state of being strong; ability to do or to bear; capacity for exertion or endurance, whether physical, intellectual, or moral; force; vigor; power; as, strength of body or of the arm; strength of mind, of memory, or of judgment.

All his [Samson's] strength in his hairs were. Chaucer.
Thou must outlive Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty. Milton.

2. Power to resist force; solidity or toughness; the quality of bodies by which they endure the application of force without breaking or yielding; -- in this sense opposed to frangibility; as, the strength of a bone, of a beam, of a wall, a rope, and the like. "The brittle strength of bones." Milton.

3. Power of resisting attacks; impregnability. "Our castle's strength will laugh a siege to scorn." Shak.

4. That quality which tends to secure results; effective power in an institution or enactment; security; validity; legal or moral force; logical conclusiveness; as, the strength of social or legal obligations; the strength of law; the strength of public opinion; strength of evidence; strength of argument.

5. One who, or that which, is regarded as embodying or affording force, strength, or firmness; that on which confidence or reliance is based; support; security.

God is our refuge and strength. Ps. xlvi. 1.
What they boded would be a mischief to us, you are providing shall be one of our principal strengths. Sprat.
Certainly there is not a greater strength against temptation. Jer. Taylor.

6. Force as measured; amount, numbers, or power of any body, as of an army, a navy, and the like; as, what is the strength of the enemy by land, or by sea?

7. Vigor or style; force of expression; nervous diction; -- said of literary work.

And praise the easy vigor of a life Where Denham's strength and Waller's sweetness join. Pope.

8. Intensity; -- said of light or color.

Bright Ph\'d2bus in his strength. Shak.

9. Intensity or degree of the distinguishing and essential element; spirit; virtue; excellence; -- said of liquors, solutions, etc.; as, the strength of wine or of acids.

10. A strong place; a stronghold. [Obs.] Shak.

On, ∨ Upon, the strength of, in reliance upon. "The allies, after a successful summer, are too apt, upon the strength of it, to neglect their preparations for the ensuing campaign." Addison. Syn. -- Force; robustness; toughness; hardness; stoutness; brawniness; lustiness; firmness; puissance; support; spirit; validity; authority. See Force.

Strength

Strength, v. t. To strengthen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Strengthen

Strength"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strengthened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strengthening.]

1. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; as, to strengthen a limb, a bridge, an army; to strengthen an obligation; to strengthen authority.

Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, . . . With powerful policy strengthen themselves. Shak.

2. To animate; to encourage; to fix in resolution.

Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Deut. iii. 28.
Syn. -- To invigorate; confirm; establish; fortify; animate; encourage.

Strengthen

Strength"en (?), v. i. To grow strong or stronger.
The young disease, that must subdue at length, Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength. Pope.

Strengthener

Strength"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, gives or adds strength. Sir W. Temple.

Strengthening

Strength"en*ing, a. That strengthens; giving or increasing strength. -- Strength"en*ing*ly, adv. Strengthening plaster (Med.), a plaster containing iron, and supposed to have tonic effects.

Strengthful

Strength"ful (?), a. Abounding in strength; full of strength; strong. -- Strength"ful*ness, n.
Florence my friend, in court my faction Not meanly strengthful. Marston.

Strengthing

Strength"ing, n. A stronghold. [Obs.]

Strengthless

Strength"less, a. Destitute of strength. Boyle.

Strengthner

Strength"ner (?), n. See Strengthener.

Strengthy

Strength"y (?), a. Having strength; strong. [Obs.]

Strenuity

Stre*nu"i*ty (?), n. [L. strenuatis.] Strenuousness; activity. [Obs.] Chapman.

Strenuous

Stren"u*ous (?), a. [L. strenuus; cf. Gr. Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; earnest; bold; valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national rights; a strenuous reformer; a strenuous defender of his country.
And spirit-stirring wine, that strenuous makes. Chapman.
Strenuous, continuous labor is pain. I. Taylor.
-- Stren"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Stren"u*ous*ness, n.

Strepent

Strep"ent (?), a. [L. strepens, p.pr. of strepere to make a noise.] Noisy; loud. [R.] Shenstone.

Streperous

Strep"er*ous (?), a. [LL. streperus, fr. L. strepere. See Strepent, and cf. Obstreperous.] Loud; boisterous. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Strepitores

Strep`i*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. strepitus clamor.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds, including the clamatorial and picarian birds, which do not have well developed singing organs.

Strepsipter, Strepsipteran

Strep*sip"ter (?), Strep*sip"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Strepsiptera.

Strepsiptera

Strep*sip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of small insects having the anterior wings rudimentary, and in the form of short and slender twisted appendages, while the posterior ones are large and membranous. They are parasitic in the larval state on bees, wasps, and the like; -- called also Rhipiptera. See Illust. under Rhipipter.

Strepsipterous

Strep*sip"ter*ous (?), a. [See Strepsiptera.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Strepsiptera.

Strepsorhina

Strep`so*rhi"na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Lemuroidea.

Strepsorhine

Strep"so*rhine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having twisted nostrils; -- said of the lemurs. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Strepsorhina; a lemur. See Illust. under Monkey.

Streptobacteria

Strep`to*bac*te"ri*a (?), n. pl.; sing. Streptobracterium (. [NL., fr. Gr. bacteria.] (Biol.) A so-called variety of bacterium, consisting in reality of several bacteria linked together in the form of a chain.

Streptococcus

Strep`to*coc"cus (?), n.; pl. Streptococci (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) A long or short chain of micrococci, more or less curved. <-- Streptomyces. A genus of gram-positive bacteria growing in long filamentous, often branched chains. They are plentiful in soil and produce the characteristic odor of soils. Some of the species have proved to be useful as sources of important pharmaceutical agents. Of these, the best known are streptomycin, chloramphenicaol, and tetracycline. --> <-- Streptomycete. Any member of the family of bacteria called Streptomycetaceae, including the genus Streptomyces. They are typically aerobic saprophytes producing begetative areial mycelium. -->

Streptoneura

Strep`to*neu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of gastropod Mollusca in which the loop or visceral nerves is twisted, and the sexes separate. It is nearly to equivalent to Prosobranchiata.

Streptothrix

Strep"to*thrix (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) A genus of bacilli occurring of the form of long, smooth and apparently branched threads, either straight or twisted.

Stress

Stress (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. distress; or cf. OF. estrecier to press, pinch, (assumed) LL. strictiare, fr. L. strictus. See Distress.]

1. Distress. [Obs.]

Sad hersal of his heavy stress. Spenser.

2. Pressure, strain; -- used chiefly of immaterial things; except in mechanics; hence, urgency; importance; weight; significance.

The faculties of the mind are improved by exercise, yet they must not be put to a stress beyond their strength. Locke.
A body may as well lay too little as too much stress upon a dream. L'Estrange.

3. (Mech. & Physics) The force, or combination of forces, which produces a strain; force exerted in any direction or manner between contiguous bodies, or parts of bodies, and taking specific names according to its direction, or mode of action, as thrust or pressure, pull or tension, shear or tangential stress. Rankine.

Stress is the mutual action between portions of matter. Clerk Maxwell.

4. (Pron.) Force of utterance expended upon words or syllables. Stress is in English the chief element in accent and is one of the most important in emphasis. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 31-35.

5. (Scots Law) Distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained.

Stress of voice, unusual exertion of the voice. -- Stress of weather, constraint imposed by continued bad weather; as, to be driven back to port by stress of weather. -- To lay stress upon, to attach great importance to; to emphasize. "Consider how great a stress is laid upon this duty." Atterbury. -- To put stress upon, ∨ To put to a stress, to strain.
Page 1425

Stress

Stress (?), v. t.

1. To press; to urge; to distress; to put to difficulties. [R.] Spenser.

2. To subject to stress, pressure, or strain.

Stressful

Stress"ful (?), a. Having much stress. Rush.

Stretch

Stretch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stretched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stretching.] [OE. strecchen, AS. streccan; akin to D. strekken, G. strecken, OHG. strecchen, Sw. str\'84cka, Dan. str\'91kke; cf. AS. str\'91ck, strec, strong, violent, G. strack straight; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to E. strong. Cf. Straight.]

1. To reach out; to extend; to put forth.

And stretch forth his neck long and small. Chaucer.
I in conquest stretched mine arm. Shak.

2. To draw out to the full length; to cause to extend in a straight line; as, to stretch a cord or rope.

3. To cause to extend in breadth; to spread; to expand; as, to stretch cloth; to stretch the wings.

4. To make tense; to tighten; to distend forcibly.

The ox hath therefore stretched his yoke in vain. Shak.

5. To draw or pull out to greater length; to strain; as, to stretch a tendon or muscle.

Awake, my soul, stretch every nerve. Doddridge.

6. To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the truth; to stretch one's credit.

They take up, one day, the most violent and stretched prerogative. Burke.

Stretch

Stretch, v. i.

1. To be extended; to be drawn out in length or in breadth, or both; to spread; to reach; as, the iron road stretches across the continent; the lake stretches over fifty square miles.

As far as stretcheth any ground. Gower.

2. To extend or spread one's self, or one's limbs; as, the lazy man yawns and stretches.

3. To be extended, or to bear extension, without breaking, as elastic or ductile substances.

The inner membrane . . . because it would stretch and yield, remained umbroken. Boyle.

4. To strain the truth; to exaggerate; as, a man apt to stretch in his report of facts. [Obs. or Colloq.]

5. (Naut.) To sail by the wind under press of canvas; as, the ship stretched to the eastward. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Stretch out, an order to rowers to extend themselves forward in dipping the oar.

Stretch

Stretch, n.

1. Act of stretching, or state of being stretched; reach; effort; struggle; strain; as, a stretch of the limbs; a stretch of the imagination.

By stretch of arms the distant shore to gain. Dryden.
Those put a lawful authority upon the stretch, to the abuse of yower, under the color of prerogative. L'Estrange.

2. A continuous line or surface; a continuous space of time; as, grassy stretches of land.

A great stretch of cultivated country. W. Black.
But all of them left me a week at a stretch. E. Eggleston.

3. The extent to which anything may be stretched.

Quotations, in their utmost stretch, can signify no more than that Luther lay under severe agonies of mind. Atterbury.
This is the utmost stretch that nature can. Granville.

4. (Naut.) The reach or extent of a vessel's progress on one tack; a tack or board.

5. Course; direction; as, the stretch of seams of coal.

To be on the stretch, to be obliged to use one's utmost powers. -- Home stretch. See under Home, a.

Stretcher

Stretch"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, stretches.

2. (Masonry) A brick or stone laid with its longer dimension in the line of direction of the wall. Gwilt.

3. (Arch.) A piece of timber used in building.

4. (Naut.) (a) A narrow crosspiece of the bottom of a boat against which a rower braces his feet. (b) A crosspiece placed between the sides of a boat to keep them apart when hoisted up and griped. Dana.

5. A litter, or frame, for carrying disabled, wounded, or dead persons.

6. An overstretching of the truth; a lie. [Slang]

7. One of the rods in an umbrella, attached at one end to one of the ribs, and at the other to the tube sliding upon the handle.

8. An instrument for stretching boots or gloves.

9. The frame upon which canvas is stretched for a painting.

Stretching

Stretch"ing (?), a. & n. from Stretch, v. Stretching course (Masonry), a course or series of stretchers. See Stretcher, 2. Britton.

Stretto

Stret"to (?), n. [It., close or contacted, pressed.] (Mus.) (a) The crowding of answer upon subject near the end of a fugue. (b) In an opera or oratorio, a coda, or winding up, in an accelerated time. [Written also stretta.]

Strew

Strew (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strewed (?); p. p. strewn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strewing.] [OE. strewen, strawen, AS. strewian, stre\'a2wian; akin to Ofries. strewa, OS. strewian, D. strooijen, G. streuen, OHG. strewen, Icel. str\'be, Sw. str\'94, Dan. str\'94e, Goth. straujan, L. sternere, stratum, Gr. st. \'fb166. Cf. Stratum, Straw, Street.]

1. To scatter; to spread by scattering; to cast or to throw loosely apart; -- used of solids, separated or separable into parts or particles; as, to strew seed in beds; to strew sand on or over a floor; to strew flowers over a grave.

And strewed his mangled limbs about the field. Dryden.
On a principal table a desk was open and many papers [were] strewn about. Beaconsfield.

2. To cover more or less thickly by scattering something over or upon; to cover, or lie upon, by having been scattered; as, they strewed the ground with leaves; leaves strewed the ground.

The snow which does the top of Pindus strew. Spenser.
Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain? Pope.

3. To spread abroad; to disseminate.

She may strew dangerous conjectures. Shak.

Strewing

Strew"ing (?), n.

1. The act of scattering or spreading.

2. Anything that is, or may be, strewed; -- used chiefly in the plural. Shak.

Strewment

Strew"ment (?), n. Anything scattered, as flowers for decoration. [Obs.] Shak.

Strewn

Strewn (?), p. p. of Strew.

Stria

Stri"a (?), n.; pl. Stri\'91 (#). [L., a furrow, channel, hollow.]

1. A minute groove, or channel; a threadlike line, as of color; a narrow structural band or line; a striation; as, the stri\'91, or groovings, produced on a rock by a glacier passing over it; the stri\'91 on the surface of a shell; a stria of nervous matter in the brain.

2. (Arch.) A fillet between the flutes of columns, pilasters, or the like. Oxf. Gloss.

Striate

Stri"ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Striated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Striating.] [See Striate, a.] To mark with stria\'91. "Striated longitudinally." Owen.

Striate, Striated

Stri"ate (?), Stri"a*ted (?), a. [L. striatus, p.p. of striare to furnish with channels, from stria a channel.] Marked with stria\'91, or fine grooves, or lines of color; showing narrow structural bands or lines; as, a striated crystal; striated muscular fiber.

Striation

Stri*a"tion (?), n.

1. The quality or condition of being striated.

2. A stria; as, the striations on a shell.

Striatum

Stri*a"tum (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The corpus striatum.

Striature

Stri"a*ture (?), n. [L. striatura.] A stria.

Strich

Strich (?), n. [Cf. L. strix, strigs, a streech owl.] (Zo\'94l.) An owl. [Obs.] Spenser.

Strick

Strick, n. A bunch of hackled flax prepared for drawing into slivers. Knight.

Stricken

Strick"en (?), p. p. & a. from Strike.

1. Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer. [See Strike, n.]

2. Worn out; far gone; advanced. See Strike, v. t., 21.

Abraham was old and well stricken in age. Gen. xxiv. 1.

3. Whole; entire; -- said of the hour as marked by the striking of a clock. [Scot.]

He persevered for a stricken hour in such a torrent of unnecessary tattle. Sir W. Scott.
Speeches are spoken by the stricken hour, day after day, week, perhaps, after week. Bayne.

Strickle

Stric"kle (?), n. [See Strike.]

1. An instrument to strike grain to a level with the measure; a strike.

2. An instrument for whetting scythes; a rifle.

3. (Founding) An instrument used for smoothing the surface of a core.

4. (Carp. & Mason.) A templet; a pattern.

5. An instrument used in dressing flax. [Prov. Eng.]

Strickler

Stric"kler (?), n. See Strickle.

Strickless

Strick"less, n. See Strickle. [Prov. Eng.]

Strict

Strict (?), a. [Compar. Stricter (?); superl. Strictest.] [L. strictus, p.p. of stringere to draw or bind tight, to strain. See Strain, and cf. Strait, a.]

1. Strained; drawn close; tight; as, a strict embrace; a strict ligature. Dryden.

2. Tense; not relaxed; as, a strict fiber.

3. Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously nice; as, to keep strict watch; to pay strict attention. Shak.

It shall be still in strictest measure. Milton.

4. Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous; as, very strict in observing the Sabbath. "Through the strict senteries." Milton.

5. Rigidly; interpreted; exactly limited; confined; restricted; as, to understand words in a strict sense.

6. (Bot.) Upright, or straight and narrow; -- said of the shape of the plants or their flower clusters. Syn. -- Exact; accurate; nice; close; rigorous; severe. -- Strict, Severe. Strict, applied to a person, denotes that he conforms in his motives and acts to a principle or code by which he is bound; severe is strict with an implication often, but not always, of harshness. Strict is opposed to lax; severe is opposed to gentle.

And rules as strict his labored work confine, As if the Stagirite o'erlooked each line. Pope.
Soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve: - "What words have passed thy lips, Adam severe!" Milton.
The Strict Observance, ∨ Friars of the Strict Observance. (R. C. Ch.) See Observance.

Striction

Stric"tion (?), n. [L. strictio. See Stringent.] The act of constricting, or the state of being constricted. Line of striction (Geom.), the line on a skew surface that cuts each generator in that point of it that is nearest to the succeeding generator.

Strictly

Strict"ly, adv. In a strict manner; closely; precisely.

Strictness

Strict"ness, n. Quality or state of being strict.

Stricture

Stric"ture (?), n. [L. strictura a contraction, from stringere, strictum, to draw tight: cf. F. stricture. See Strict.]

1. Strictness. [Obs.]

A man of stricture and firm abstinence. Shak.

2. A stroke; a glance; a touch. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

3. A touch of adverse criticism; censure.

[I have] given myself the liberty of these strictures by way of reflection on all and every passage. Hammond.

4. (Med.) A localized morbid contraction of any passage of the body. Cf. Organic stricture, and Spasmodic stricture, under Organic, and Spasmodic. Arbuthnot.

Strictured

Stric"tured (?), a. (Med.) Affected with a stricture; as, a strictured duct.

Strid

Strid (?), n. [See Stride.] A narrow passage between precipitous rocks or banks, which looks as if it might be crossed at a stride. [Prov. Eng.] Howitt.
This striding place is called the Strid. Wordsworth.

Stride

Stride (?), v. t. [imp. Strode (?) (Obs. Strid (); p. p. Stridden (?) (Obs. Strid); p. pr. & vb. n. Striding.] [AS. str\'c6dan to stride, to strive; akin to LG. striden, OFries. str\'c6da to strive, D. strijden to strive, to contend, G. streiten, OHG. str\'c6tan; of uncertain origin. Cf. Straddle.]

1. To walk with long steps, especially in a measured or pompous manner.

Mars in the middle of the shining shield Is graved, and strides along the liquid field. Dryden.

2. To stand with the legs wide apart; to straddle.

Stride

Stride, v. t.

1. To pass over at a step; to step over. "A debtor that not dares to stride a limit." Shak.

2. To straddle; to bestride.

I mean to stride your steed. Shak.

Stride

Stride, n. The act of stridding; a long step; the space measured by a long step; as, a masculine stride. Pope.
God never meant that man should scale the heavens By strides of human wisdom. Cowper.

Strident

Stri"dent (?), a. [L. stridens, -entis, p.pr. of stridere to make a grating or creaking noise.] Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill. "A strident voice." Thackeray.

Stridor

Stri"dor (?), n. [L., from stridere to make any harsh, grating, or creaking sound.] A harsh, shrill, or creaking noise. Dryden.

Stridulate

Strid"u*late (?), v. t. [See Stridulous.] To make a shrill, creaking noise; specifically (Zo\'94l.), to make a shrill or musical sound, such as is made by the males of many insects.

Stridulation

Strid`u*la"tion (?), n. The act of stridulating. Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) (a) The act of making shrill sounds or musical notes by rubbing together certain hard parts, as is done by the males of many insects, especially by Orthoptera, such as crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. (b) The noise itself. &hand; The crickets stridulate by rubbing together the strong nervures of the fore wings. Many grasshoppers stridulate by rubbing the hind legs across strong nervures on the fore wings. The green grasshoppers and katydids stridulate by means of special organs at the base of the fore wings.

Stridulator

Strid"u*la`tor (?), n. [NL.] That which stridulates. Darwin.

Stridulatory

Strid"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Stridulous; able to stridulate; used in stridulating; adapted for stridulation. Darwin.

Stridulous

Strid"u*lous (?), a. [L. stridulus. See Strident.] Making a shrill, creaking sound. Sir T. Browne.
The Sarmatian boor driving his stridulous cart. Longfellow.
Stridulous laryngitis (Med.), a form of croup, or laryngitis, in children, associated with dyspn\'d2a, occurring usually at night, and marked by crowing or stridulous breathing.

Strife

Strife (?), n. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]

1. The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [Archaic] Shak.

2. Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts.

Doting about questions and strifes of words. 1 Tim. vi. 4.
Thus gods contended -- noble strife - Who most should ease the wants of life. Congreve.

3. Altercation; violent contention; fight; battle.

Twenty of them fought in this black strife. Shak.
These vows, thus granted, raised a strife above Betwixt the god of war and queen of love. Dryden.

4. That which is contended against; occasion of contest. [Obs.] "Lamenting her unlucky strife." Spenser. Syn. -- Contest; struggle; quarrel. See Contention.

Strifeful

Strife"ful (?), a. Contentious; discordant.
The ape was strifeful and ambitious. Spenser.

Strigate

Stri"gate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having transverse bands of color.

Striges

Stri"ges (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of strix a streech owl; cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The tribe of birds which comprises the owls.

Strigil

Strig"il (?), n. [L. strigilis, from stringere to graze, scrape.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) An instrument of metal, ivory, etc., used for scraping the skin at the bath.

Strigillose

Strig"il*lose` (?), a. [Dim. fr. strigose.] (Bot.) Set with stiff, slender bristles.

Strigine

Stri"gine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to owls; owl-like.

Strigment

Strig"ment (?), n. [L. strigmentum.] Scraping; that which is scraped off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Strigose

Stri*gose" (?), a. [Cf. F. strigueux. See Strigil.] (Bot.) Set with stiff, straight bristles; hispid; as, a strigose leaf.

Strigous

Stri"gous (?), a. (Bot.) Strigose. [R.]
Page 1426

Strike

Strike (?), v. t. [imp. Struck (?); p. p. Struck, Stricken ( (Stroock (, Strucken (, Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Striking. Struck is more commonly used in the p.p. than stricken.] [OE. striken to strike, proceed, flow, AS. str\'c6can to go, proceed, akin to D. strijken to rub, stroke, strike, to move, go, G. streichen, OHG. str\'c6hhan, L. stringere to touch lightly, to graze, to strip off (but perhaps not to L. stringere in sense to draw tight), striga a row, a furrow. Cf. Streak, Stroke.]

1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or with an instrument; to smite; to give a blow to, either with the hand or with any instrument or missile.

He at Philippi kept His sword e'en like a dancer; while I struck The lean and wrinkled Cassius. Shak.

2. To come in collision with; to strike against; as, a bullet struck him; the wave struck the boat amidships; the ship struck a reef.

3. To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to; to dash; to cast.

They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two sideposts. Ex. xii. 7.
Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. Byron.

4. To stamp or impress with a stroke; to coin; as, to strike coin from metal: to strike dollars at the mint.

5. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; to set in the earth; as, a tree strikes its roots deep.

6. To punish; to afflict; to smite.

To punish the just is not good, nor strike princes for equity. Prov. xvii. 26.

7. To cause to sound by one or more beats; to indicate or notify by audible strokes; as, the clock strikes twelve; the drums strike up a march.

8. To lower; to let or take down; to remove; as, to strike sail; to strike a flag or an ensign, as in token of surrender; to strike a yard or a topmast in a gale; to strike a tent; to strike the centering of an arch.

9. To make a sudden impression upon, as by a blow; to affect sensibly with some strong emotion; as, to strike the mind, with surprise; to strike one with wonder, alarm, dread, or horror.

Nice works of art strike and surprise us most on the first view. Atterbury.
They please as beauties, here as wonders strike. Pope.

10. To affect in some particular manner by a sudden impression or impulse; as, the plan proposed strikes me favorably; to strike one dead or blind.

How often has stricken you dumb with his irony! Landor.

11. To cause or produce by a stroke, or suddenly, as by a stroke; as, to strike a light.

Waving wide her myrtle wand, She strikes a universal peace through sea and land. Milton.

12. To cause to ignite; as, to strike a match.

13. To make and ratify; as, to strike a bargain. &hand; Probably borrowed from the L. f\'d2dus ferrire, to strike a compact, so called because an animal was struck and killed as a sacrifice on such occasions.

14. To take forcibly or fraudulently; as, to strike money. [Old Slang]

15. To level, as a measure of grain, salt, or the like, by scraping off with a straight instrument what is above the level of the top.

16. (Masonry) To cut off, as a mortar joint, even with the face of the wall, or inward at a slight angle.

17. To hit upon, or light upon, suddenly; as, my eye struck a strange word; they soon struck the trail.

18. To borrow money of; to make a demand upon; as, he struck a friend for five dollars. [Slang]

19. To lade into a cooler, as a liquor. B. Edwards.

20. To stroke or pass lightly; to wave.

Behold, I thought, He will . . . strike his hand over the place, and recover the leper. 2 Kings v. 11.

21. To advance; to cause to go forward; -- used only in past participle. "Well struck in years." Shak.

To strike an attitude, To strike a balance. See under Attitude, and Balance. -- To strike a jury (Law), to constitute a special jury ordered by a court, by each party striking out a certain number of names from a prepared list of jurors, so as to reduce it to the number of persons required by law. Burrill. -- To strike a lead. (a) (Mining) To find a vein of ore. (b) Fig.: To find a way to fortune. [Colloq.] -- To strike a ledger, ∨ an account, to balance it. -- To strike hands with. (a) To shake hands with. Halliwell. (b) To make a compact or agreement with; to agree with. -- To strike off. (a) To erase from an account; to deduct; as, to strike off the interest of a debt. (b) (Print.) To impress; to print; as, to strike off a thousand copies of a book.<-- = to run off? [copies] --> (c) To separate by a blow or any sudden action; as, to strike off what is superfluous or corrupt. -- To strike oil, to find petroleum when boring for it; figuratively, to make a lucky hit financially. [Slang, U.S.] -- To strike one luck, to shake hands with one and wish good luck. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- To strike out. (a) To produce by collision; to force out, as, to strike out sparks with steel. (b) To blot out; to efface; to erase. "To methodize is as necessary as to strike out." Pope. (c) To form by a quick effort; to devise; to invent; to contrive, as, to strike out a new plan of finance. (d) (Baseball) To cause a player to strike out; -- said of the pitcher. See To strike out, under Strike, v. i. -- To strike sail. See under Sail. -- To strike up. (a) To cause to sound; to begin to beat. "Strike up the drums." Shak. (b) To begin to sing or play; as, to strike up a tune. (c) To raise (as sheet metal), in making diahes, pans, etc., by blows or pressure in a die. -- To strike work, to quit work; to go on a strike.

Strike

Strike (?), v. i. To move; to advance; to proceed; to take a course; as, to strike into the fields.
A mouse . . . struck forth sternly [bodily]. Piers Plowman.

2. To deliver a quick blow or thrust; to give blows.

And fiercely took his trenchant blade in hand, With which he stroke so furious and so fell. Spenser.
Strike now, or else the iron cools. Shak.

3. To hit; to collide; to dush; to clash; as, a hammer strikes against the bell of a clock.

4. To sound by percussion, with blows, or as with blows; to be struck; as, the clock strikes.

A deep sound strikes like a rising knell. Byron.

5. To make an attack; to aim a blow.

A puny subject strikes At thy great glory. Shak.
Struck for throne, and striking found his doom. Tennyson.

6. To touch; to act by appulse.

Hinder light but from striking on it [porphyry], and its colors vanish. Locke.

7. To run upon a rock or bank; to be stranded; as, the ship struck in the night.

8. To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart; to penetrate.

Till a dart strike through his liver. Prov. vii. 23.
Now and then a glittering beam of wit or passion strikes through the obscurity of the poem. Dryden.

9. To break forth; to commence suddenly; -- with into; as, to strike into reputation; to strike into a run.

10. To lower a flag, or colors, in token of respect, or to signify a surrender of a ship to an enemy.

That the English ships of war should not strike in the Danish seas. Bp. Burnet.

11. To quit work in order to compel an increase, or prevent a reduction, of wages.

12. To become attached to something; -- said of the spat of oysters.

13. To steal money. [Old Slang, Eng.] Nares.

To strike at, to aim a blow at. -- To strike for, to start suddenly on a course for. -- To strike home, to give a blow which reaches its object, to strike with effect. -- To strike in. (a) To enter suddenly. (b) To disappear from the surface, with internal effects, as an eruptive disease. (c) To come in suddenly; to interpose; to interrupt. "I proposed the embassy of Constantinople for Mr. Henshaw, but my Lord Winchelsea struck in." Evelyn. (d) To join in after another has begun,as in singing. -- To strike in with, to conform to; to suit itself to; to side with, to join with at once. "To assert this is to strike in with the known enemies of God's grace." South. To strike out. (a) To start; to wander; to make a sudden excursion; as, to strike out into an irregular course of life. (b) To strike with full force. (c) (Baseball) To be put out for not hitting the ball during one's turn at the bat. -- To strike up, to commence to play as a musician; to begin to sound, as an instrument. "Whilst any trump did sound, or drum struck up." Shak.

Strike

Strike (?), n.

1. The act of striking.

2. An instrument with a straight edge for leveling a measure of grain, salt, and the like, scraping off what is above the level of the top; a strickle.

3. A bushel; four pecks. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

4. An old measure of four bushels. [Prov. Eng.]

5. Fullness of measure; hence, excellence of quality.

Three hogsheads of ale of the first strike. Sir W. Scott.

6. An iron pale or standard in a gate or fence. [Obs.]

7. The act of quitting work; specifically, such an act by a body of workmen, done as a means of enforcing compliance with demands made on their employer.

Strikes are the insurrections of labor. F. A. Walker.

8. (Iron Working) A puddler's stirrer.

9. (Geol.) The horizontal direction of the outcropping edges of tilted rocks; or, the direction of a horizontal line supposed to be drawn on the surface of a tilted stratum. It is at right angles to the dip.

10. The extortion of money, or the attempt to extort money, by threat of injury; blackmailing.

Strike block (Carp.), a plane shorter than a jointer, used for fitting a short joint. Moxon. -- Strike of flax, a handful that may be hackled at once. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. -- Strike of sugar. (Sugar Making) (a) The act of emptying the teache, or last boiler, in which the cane juice is exposed to heat, into the coolers. (b) The quantity of the sirup thus emptied at once.

Striker

Strik"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, strikes; specifically, a blacksmith's helper who wieds the sledge.

2. A harpoon; also, a harpooner.

Wherever we come to an anchor, we always send out our strikers, and put out hooks and lines overboard, to try fish. Dampier.

3. A wencher; a lewd man. [Obs.] Massinger.

4. A workman who is on a strike.

5. A blackmailer in politics; also, one whose political influence can be bought. [Political Cant]

Striking

Strik"ing, a. & n. from Strike, v. Striking distance, the distance through which an object can be reached by striking; the distance at which a force is effective when directed to a particular object.<-- the distance which can be covered in one easy leg of a journey. --> -- Striking plate. (a) The plate against which the latch of a door lock strikes as the door is closed. (b) A part of the centering of an arch, which is driven back to loosen the centering in striking it.

Striking

Strik"ing, a. Affecting with strong emotions; surprising; forcible; impressive; very noticeable; as, a striking representation or image; a striking resemblance. "A striking fact." De Quincey. -- Strik"ing*ly, adv. -- Strik"ing*ness, n.

Strikle

Strik"le (?), n. See Strickle.

String

String (?), n. [OE. string, streng, AS. streng; akin to D. streng, G. strang, Icel. strengr, Sw. str\'84ng, Dan. str\'91ng; probably from the adj., E. strong (see Strong); or perhaps originally meaning, twisted, and akin to E. strangle.]

1. A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string. Shak.

Round Ormond's knee thou tiest the mystic string. Prior.

2. A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments. "A string of islands." Gibbon.

3. A strip, as of leather, by which the covers of a book are held together. Milton.

4. The cord of a musical instrument, as of a piano, harp, or violin; specifically (pl.), the stringed instruments of an orchestra, in distinction from the wind instruments; as, the strings took up the theme. "An instrument of ten strings." Ps. xxx. iii. 2.

Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still. Milton.

5. The line or cord of a bow. Ps. xi. 2.

He twangs the grieving string. Pope.

6. A fiber, as of a plant; a little, fibrous root.

Duckweed putteth forth a little string into the water, from the bottom. Bacon.

7. A nerve or tendon of an animal body.

The string of his tongue was loosed. Mark vii. 35.

8. (Shipbuilding) An inside range of ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside and bolted to it.

9. (Bot.) The tough fibrous substance that unites the valves of the pericap of leguminous plants, and which is readily pulled off; as, the strings of beans.

10. (Mining) A small, filamentous ramification of a metallic vein. Ure.

11. (Arch.) Same as Stringcourse.

12. (Billiards) The points made in a game.

String band (Mus.), a band of musicians using only, or chiefly, stringed instruments. -- String beans. (a) A dish prepared from the unripe pods of several kinds of beans; -- so called because the strings are stripped off. (b) Any kind of beans in which the pods are used for cooking before the seeds are ripe; usually, the low bush bean. -- To have two strings to one's bow, to have a means or expedient in reserve in case the one employed fails. <-- = to have other strings in one's bow -->

String

String (?), v. t. [imp. Strung (?); p. p. Strung (R. Stringed (?)); p. pr. & vb. n. Stringing.]

1. To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.

Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet With firmest nerves, designed to walk the street? Gay.

2. To put in tune the strings of, as a stringed instrument, in order to play upon it.

For here the Muse so oft her harp has strung, That not a mountain rears its head unsung. Addison.

3. To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.

4. To make tense; to strengthen.

Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood. Dryden.

5. To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.

Stringboard

String"board` (?), n. Same as Stringpiece.

Stringcource

String"cource` (?), n. (Arch.) A horizontal band in a building, forming a part of the design, whether molded, projecting, or carved, or in any way distinguished from the rest of the work.

Stringed

Stringed (?), a.

1. Having strings; as, a stringed instrument. Ps. cl. 4.

2. Produced by strings. "Answering the stringed noise." Milton.

Stringency

Strin"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being stringent.

Stringendo

Strin"gen*do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Urging or hastening the time, as to a climax.

Stringent

Strin"gent (?), a. [L. stringens, -entis, p.pr. of stringere to draw or bind tight. See Strain.] Binding strongly; making strict requirements; restrictive; rigid; severe; as, stringent rules.
They must be subject to a sharper penal code, and to a more stringent code of procedure. Macaulay.
-- Strin"gent*ly, adv. -- Strin"gent*ness, n.

Stringer

String"er (?), n.

1. One who strings; one who makes or provides strings, especially for bows.

Be content to put your trust in honest stringers. Ascham.

2. A libertine; a wencher. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

3. (Railroad) A longitudinal sleeper.

4. (Shipbuilding) A streak of planking carried round the inside of a vessel on the under side of the beams.

5. (Carp.) A long horizontal timber to connect uprights in a frame, or to support a floor or the like.

Stringhalt

String"halt` (?), n. (Far.) An habitual sudden twitching of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convulsive contraction of the muscles that raise the hock. [Written also springhalt.]

Stringiness

String"i*ness (?), n. Quality of being stringy.

Stringless

String"less, a. Having no strings.
His tongue is now a stringless instrument. Shak.

Stringpiece

String"piece` (?), n. (Arch.) (a) A long piece of timber, forming a margin or edge of any piece of construction; esp.: (b) One of the longitudinal pieces, supporting the treads and rises of a flight or run of stairs.

Stringy

String"y (?), a.

1. Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.

2. Capable of being drawn into a string, as a glutinous substance; ropy; viscid; gluely.

Stringy bark (Bot.), a name given in Australia to several trees of the genus Eucalyptus (as E. amygdalina, obliqua, capitellata, macrorhyncha, piperita, pilularis, ∧ tetradonta), which have a fibrous bark used by the aborigines for making cordage and cloth.

Strip

Strip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stripping.] [OE. stripen, strepen, AS. str in bestr to plunder; akin to D. stroopen, MHG. stroufen, G. streifen.]

1. To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; to plunder; especially, to deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel; as, to strip a man of his possession, his rights, his privileges, his reputation; to strip one of his clothes; to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its bark.

And strippen her out of her rude array. Chaucer.
They stripped Joseph out of his coat. Gen. xxxvii. 23.
Opinions which . . . no clergyman could have avowed without imminent risk of being stripped of his gown. Macaulay.

2. To divest of clothing; to uncover.

Before the folk herself strippeth she. Chaucer.
Strip your sword stark naked. Shak.

3. (Naut.) To dismantle; as, to strip a ship of rigging, spars, etc.

4. (Agric.) To pare off the surface of, as land, in strips.

5. To deprive of all milk; to milk dry; to draw the last milk from; hence, to milk with a peculiar movement of the hand on the teats at the last of a milking; as, to strip a cow.

6. To pass; to get clear of; to outstrip. [Obs.]

When first they stripped the Malean promontory. Chapman.
Before he reached it he was out of breath, And then the other stripped him. Beau. & Fl.

7. To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove; to wrest away; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a man's back; to strip away all disguisses.

To strip bad habits from a corrupted heart, is stripping off the skin. Gilpin.

8. (Mach.) (a) To tear off (the thread) from a bolt or nut; as, the thread is stripped. (b) To tear off the thread from (a bolt or nut); as, the bolt is stripped.

9. To remove the metal coating from (a plated article), as by acids or electrolytic action.

10. (Carding) To remove fiber, flock, or lint from; -- said of the teeth of a card when it becomes partly clogged.

11. To pick the cured leaves from the stalks of (tobacco) and tie them into "hands"; to remove the midrib from (tobacco leaves). <-- strip mine. A mine in which the unwanted layers (called the overburdewn) above the desirable ore is stripped, i.e. removed by excavation, leaving a pit in which the ore is exposed; in contrast with mines in which the ore is accessed and removed through a shaft or tunnel, without removing the layers of earth above it. --> <-- striptease, an act in which a performer (usu. female) removes her clothing piece by piece; -- often performed to musical accompaniment. It was popular in burlesque theaters. -->

Page 1427

Strip

Strip (?), v. i.

1. To take off, or become divested of, clothes or covering; to undress.

2. (Mach.) To fail in the thread; to lose the thread, as a bolt, screw, or nut. See Strip, v. t., 8.

Strip

Strip, n.

1. A narrow piece, or one comparatively long; as, a strip of cloth; a strip of land.

2. (Mining) A trough for washing ore.

3. (Gunnery) The issuing of a projectile from a rifled gun without acquiring the spiral motion. Farrow.

Stripe

Stripe (?), n. [OD. strijpe a stripe, streak; akin to LG. stripe, D. streep, Dan. stribe, G. strief, striefen, MHG. striefen to glide, march.]

1. A line, or long, narrow division of anything of a different color or structure from the ground; hence, any linear variation of color or structure; as, a stripe, or streak, of red on a green ground; a raised stripe.

2. (Weaving) A pattern produced by arranging the warp threads in sets of alternating colors, or in sets presenting some other contrast of appearance.

3. A strip, or long, narrow piece attached to something of a different color; as, a red or blue stripe sewed upon a garment.

4. A stroke or blow made with a whip, rod, scourge, or the like, such as usually leaves a mark.

Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3.

5. A long, narrow discoloration of the skin made by the blow of a lash, rod, or the like.

Cruelty marked him with inglorious stripes. Thomson.

6. Color indicating a party or faction; hence, distinguishing characteristic; sign; likeness; sort; as, persons of the same political stripe. [Colloq. U.S.]

7. pl. (Mil.) The chevron on the coat of a noncommissioned officer.

Stars and Stripes. See under Star, n. <-- To earn one's stripes, to acquire recognized credentials by competent performance at a germane task. -->

Stripe

Stripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Striped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Striping.]

1. To make stripes upon; to form with lines of different colors or textures; to variegate with stripes.

2. To strike; to lash. [R.]

Striped

Striped (?), a. Having stripes of different colors; streaked. Striped bass. (Zo\'94l.) See under Bass. -- Striped maple (Bot.), a slender American tree (Acer Pennsylvanicum) with finely striped bark. Called also striped dogwood, and moosewood. -- Striped mullet. (Zo\'94l.) See under Mullet, 2. -- Striped snake (Zo\'94l.), the garter snake. -- Striped squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chipmunk.

Strip-leaf

Strip"-leaf` (?), n. Tobacco which has been stripped of its stalks before packing.

Stripling

Strip"ling (?), n. [Dim. of strip; as if a small strip from the main stock or steam.] A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad.
Inquire thou whose son the stripling is. 1 Sam. xvii. 56.

Stripper

Strip"per (?), n. One who, or that which, strips; specifically, a machine for stripping cards.

Strippet

Strip"pet (?), n. [Dim. of strip.] A small stream. [Obs.] "A little brook or strippet." Holinshed.

Stripping

Strip"ping (?), n.

1. The act of one who strips.

The mutual bows and courtesies . . . are remants of the original prostrations and strippings of the captive. H. Spencer.
Never were cows that required such stripping. Mrs. Gaskell.

2. pl. The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking.

Strisores

Stri*so"res (?), n. pl. [NL.; cf. L. stridere to creak, whiz, buzz.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of passerine birds including the humming birds, swifts, and goatsuckers. It is now generally considered an artificial group.

Strive

Strive (?), v. i. [imp. Strove (?); p. p. Striven (?) (Rarely, Strove); p. pr. & vb. n. Striving.] [OF. estriver; of Teutonic origin, and akin to G. streben, D. streven, Dan. str\'91be, Sw. str\'84fva. Cf. Strife.]

1. To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with earnestness; to labor hard.

Was for this his ambition strove To equal C\'91sar first, and after, Jove? Cowley.

2. To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest; -- followed by against or with before the person or thing opposed; as, strive against temptation; strive for the truth. Chaucer.

My Spirit shall not always strive with man. Gen. vi. 3.
Why dost thou strive against him? Job xxxiii. 13.
Now private pity strove with public hate, Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate. Denham.

3. To vie; to compete; to be a rival. Chaucer.

[Not] that sweet grove Of Daphne, by Orontes and the inspired Castalian spring, might with this paradise Of Eden strive. Milton.
Syn. -- To contend; vie; struggle; endeavor; aim.

Strive

Strive, n.

1. An effort; a striving. [R.] Chapman.

2. Strife; contention. [Obs.] Wyclif (luke xxi. 9).

Strived

Strived (?), obs. p. p. of Strive. Striven.
Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel. Rom. xv. 20.

Striven

Striv"en (?), p. p. of Strive.

Striver

Striv"er (?), n. One who strives.

Striving

Striv"ing (?), a. & n. from Strive. -- Striv"ing*ly, adv.

Strix

Strix (?), n. [L. strix, strigis.] (Arch.) One of the flutings of a column.

Stroam

Stroam (?), v. i. [Prov. E. strome to walk with long strides.]

1. To wander about idly and vacantly. [Obs.]

2. To take long strides in walking. [Prov. Eng.]

Strobila

Stro*bi"la (?), n.; pl. Strobil\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A form of the larva of certain Discophora in a state of development succeeding the scyphistoma. The body of the strobila becomes elongated, and subdivides transversely into a series of lobate segments which eventually become ephyr\'91, or young medus\'91. (b) A mature tapeworm.

Strobilaceous

Strob`i*la"ceous (?), a. [See Strobila.] (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a strobile or cone. (b) Producing strobiles.

Strobilation

Strob`i*la"tion (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The act or phenomenon of spontaneously dividing transversely, as do certain species of annelids and helminths; transverse fission. See Illust. under Syllidian.

Strobile

Strob"ile (?), n. [L. strobilus a pine cone, Gr. strobole.] [Written also strobil.]

1. (Bot.) A scaly multiple fruit resulting from the ripening of an ament in certain plants, as the hop or pine; a cone. See Cone, n., 3.

2. (Biol.) An individual asexually producing sexual individuals differing from itself also in other respects, as the tapeworm, -- one of the forms that occur in metagenesis.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Strobila.

Strobiliform

Stro*bil"i*form (?), a. Shaped like a strobile.

Strobiline

Strob"i*line (?), a. Of or pertaining to a strobile; strobilaceous; strobiliform; as, strobiline fruits.

Stroboscope

Strob"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.]

1. An instrument for studying or observing the successive phases of a periodic or varying motion by means of light which is periodically interrupted.

2. An optical toy similar to the phenakistoscope. See Phenakistoscope.

Strockle

Stroc"kle (?), n. (Glass Manuf.) A shovel with a turned-up edge, for frit, sand, etc. [Written also strocal, strocle, strokal.]

Strode

Strode (?), n. See Strude. [Obs.]

Strode

Strode, imp. of Stride.

Stroke

Stroke (?), obs. imp. of Strike. Struck.

Stroke

Stroke, n. [OE. strok, strook, strak, fr. striken. See Strike, v. t.]

1. The act of striking; a blow; a hit; a knock; esp., a violent or hostile attack made with the arm or hand, or with an instrument or weapon.

His hand fetcheth a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree. Deut. xix. 5.
A fool's lips enter into contention and his mouth calleth for strokes. Prov. xviii. 6.
He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples without striking a stroke. Bacon.

2. The result of effect of a striking; injury or affliction; soreness.

In the day that Lord bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth the stroke of their wound. Isa. xxx. 26.

3. The striking of the clock to tell the hour.

Well, but what's o'clock? - Upon the stroke of ten. -- Well, let is strike. Shak.

4. A gentle, caressing touch or movement upon something; a stroking. Dryden.

5. A mark or dash in writing or printing; a line; the touch of a pen or pencil; as, an up stroke; a firm stroke.

O, lasting as those colors may they shine, Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line. Pope.

6. Hence, by extension, an addition or amandment to a written composition; a touch; as, to give some finishing strokes to an essay. Addison.

7. A sudden attack of disease; especially, a fatal attack; a severe disaster; any affliction or calamity, especially a sudden one; as, a stroke of apoplexy; the stroke of death.

At this one stroke the man looked dead in law. Harte.

8. A throb or beat, as of the heart. Tennyson.

9. One of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished; as, the stroke of a bird's wing in flying, or an oar in rowing, of a skater, swimmer, etc.; also: (Rowing) (a) The rate of succession of stroke; as, a quick stroke. (b) The oar nearest the stern of a boat, by which the other oars are guided; -- called also stroke oar. (c) The rower who pulls the stroke oar; the strokesman.

10. A powerful or sudden effort by which something is done, produced, or accomplished; also, something done or accomplished by such an effort; as, a stroke of genius; a stroke of business; a master stroke of policy.

11. (Mach.) The movement, in either direction, of the piston plunger, piston rod, crosshead, etc., as of a steam engine or a pump, in which these parts have a reciprocating motion; as, the forward stroke of a piston; also, the entire distance passed through, as by a piston, in such a movement; as, the piston is at half stroke. &hand; The respective strokes are distinguished as up and down strokes, outward and inward strokes, forward and back strokes, the forward stroke in stationary steam engines being toward the crosshead, but in locomotives toward the front of the vehicle.

12. Power; influence. [Obs.] "Where money beareth [hath] all the stroke." Robynson (More's Utopia).

He has a great stroke with the reader. Dryden.

13. Appetite. [Obs.] Swift.

To keep stroke, to make strokes in unison.
The oars where silver, Which to the tune of flutes kept stroke. Shak.

Stroke

Stroke (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strokeed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strokeing.] [OE. stroken, straken, AS. str\'becian, fr. str\'c6can to go over, pass. See Strike, v. t., and cf. Straggle.]

1. To strike. [Obs.]

Ye mote with the plat sword again Stroken him in the wound, and it will close. Chaucer.

2. To rib gently in one direction; especially, to pass the hand gently over by way of expressing kindness or tenderness; to caress; to soothe.

He dried the falling drops, and, yet more kind, He stroked her cheeks. Dryden.

3. To make smooth by rubbing. Longfellow.

4. (Masonry) To give a finely fluted surface to.

5. To row the stroke oar of; as, to stroke a boat.

Stroker

Strok"er (?), n. One who strokes; also, one who pretends to cure by stroking.
Cures worked by Greatrix the stroker. Bp. Warburton.

Strokesman

Strokes"man (?), n.; pl. Strokesman (. (Rowing) The man who rows the aftermost oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest. Totten.

Stroking

Strok"ing (?), n.

1. The act of rubbing gently with the hand, or of smoothing; a stroke.

I doubt not with one gentle stroking to wipe away ten thousand tears. Milton.

2. (Needlework) The act of laying small gathers in cloth in regular order.

3. pl. See Stripping, 2. Smollett.

Stroll

Stroll (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Strolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strolling.] [Cf. Dan. stryge to stroll, Sw. stryka to stroke, to ramble, dial. Sw. strykel one who strolls about, Icel. strj to stroke, D. struikelen to stumble, G. straucheln. Cf. Struggle.] To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.
These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for their helpless infants. Swift.
Syn. -- To rove; roam; range; stray.

Stroll

Stroll, n. A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.

Stroller

Stroll"er (?), n. One who strolls; a vagrant.

Stroma

Stro"ma (?), n.; pl. Stromata (#). [L., a bed covering, Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The connective tissue or supporting framework of an organ; as, the stroma of the kidney. (b) The spongy, colorless framework of a red blood corpuscle or other cell.

2. (Bot.) A layer or mass of cellular tissue, especially that part of the thallus of certain fungi which incloses the perithecia.

Stromatic

Stro*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. miscellaneous writings, fr. Miscellaneous; composed of different kinds.

Stromatology

Stro`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.) The history of the formation of stratified rocks.

Stromb

Stromb (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine univalve mollusk of the genus Strombus and allied genera. See Conch, and Strombus.

Strombite

Strom"bite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil shell of the genus Strombus.

Stromboid

Strom"boid (?), a. [Strombus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or like, Strombus.

Strombuliform

Strom*bu"li*form (?), a. [NL. strombulus, dim. of strombus + -form. See Strombus.]

1. (Geol.) Formed or shaped like a top.

2. (Bot.) Coiled into the shape of a screw or a helix.

Strombus

Strom"bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods in which the shell has the outer lip dilated into a broad wing. It includes many large and handsome species commonly called conch shells, or conchs. See Conch.

Stromeyerite

Stro"mey`er*ite (?), n. [So named from the German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer.] (Min.) A steel-gray mineral of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of silver and copper.

Strond

Strond (?), n. Strand; beach. [Obs.] Shak.
Page 1428

Strong

Strong (?), a. [Compar. Stronger (?); superl. Strongest (?).] [AS. strang, strong; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous, OHG. strengi strong, brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong, severe, Dan. streng, Sw. str\'84ng strict, severe. Cf. Strength, Stretch, String.]

1. Having active physical power, or great physical power to act; having a power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous.

That our oxen may be strong to labor. Ps. cxliv. 14.
Orses the strong to greater strength must yield. Dryden.

2. Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.

3. Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town.

4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.

5. Having great wealth, means, or resources; as, a strong house, or company of merchants.

6. Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to strength or numbers; as, an army ten thousand strong.

7. Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.

8. Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.

9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.

Her mother, ever strong against that match. Shak.

10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.

11. Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol; intoxicating; as, strong liquors.

12. Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.

13. Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat. Heb. v. 12.

14. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.

15. Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent.

He had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears. Heb. v. 7.

16. Having great force, vigor, power, or the like, as the mind, intellect, or any faculty; as, a man of a strong mind, memory, judgment, or imagination.

I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism. Dryden.

17. Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful.

Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, As high, as sweet, as easy, and as strong. E. Smith.

18. (Stock Exchange) Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market.

19. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) by a variation in the root vowel, and the past participle (usually) by the addition of -en (with or without a change of the root vowel); as in the verbs strive, strove, striven; break, broke, broken; drink, drank, drunk. Opposed to weak, or regular. See Weak. (b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular. F. A. March.

Strong conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of a strong verb; -- called also old, ∨ irregular, conjugation, and distinguished from the weak, ∨ regular, conjugation. &hand; Strong is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, strong-backed, strong-based, strong-bodied, strong-colored, strong-fisted, strong-handed, strong-ribbed, strong-smelling, strong-voiced, etc. Syn. -- Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular; forcible; cogent; valid. See Robust.

Stronghand

Strong"hand` (?), n. Violence; force; power.
It was their meaning to take what they needed by stronghand. Sir W. Raleigh.

Stronghold

Strong"hold` (?), n. A fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of security.

Strongish

Strong"ish, a. Somewhat strong.

Strongly

Strong"ly, adv. In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected strongly.

Strong-minded

Strong"-mind`ed (?), a. Having a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine qualities of mind; -- said of women. -- Strong"-mind`ed*ness, n.

Strong-water

Strong"-wa`ter (?), n.

1. An acid. [Obs.]

2. Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating liquor.

Strongylid

Stron"gy*lid (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Strongyloid.

Strongyloid

Stron"gy*loid (?), a. [NL. Strongylus the genus (from Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, Strongylus, a genus of parasitic nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals. Some of the species, especially those living in the kidneys, lungs, and bronchial tubes, are often very injurious. -- n. A strongyloid worm.

Strontia

Stron"ti*a (?), n. [NL. strontia, fr. Strontian, in Argyleshire, Scotland, where strontianite was first found.] (Chem.) An earth of a white color resembling lime in appearance, and baryta in many of its properties. It is an oxide of the metal strontium.

Strontian

Stron"ti*an (?), n. (Min.) Strontia.

Strontianite

Stron"ti*an*ite (?), n. (Min.) Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white, greenish, or yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms, but sometimes in prismatic crystals.

Strontic

Stron"tic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating the compounds of, strontium.

Strontitic

Stron*tit"ic (?), a. Strontic.

Strontium

Stron"ti*um (?), n. [NL. See Strontia.] (Chem.) A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3. <-- Strontium-90. A radioactive isotope of strontium produced by certain nuclear reactions, and constituting one of the prominent harmful components of radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions; also called radiostrontium. It has a half-life of 28 years. -->

Strook

Strook (?), obs. imp. of Strike. Dryden.

Strook

Strook, n. A stroke. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Stroot

Stroot (?), v. t. [Cf. Strut, v. i.] To swell out; to strut. [Obs.] Chapman.

Strop

Strop (?), n. [See Strap.] A strap; specifically, same as Strap, 3.

Strop

Strop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stropped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stropping.] To draw over, or rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen; as, to strop a razor.

Strop

Strop, n. [Cf. F. estrope, \'82trope, fr. L. struppus. See Strop a strap.] (Naut.) A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for hanging it.

Strophanthus

Stro*phan"thus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs having singularly twisted flowers. One species (Strophanthus hispidus) is used medicinally as a cardiac sedative and stimulant.

Strophe

Stro"phe (?), n.; pl. Strophes (#). [NL., from Gr. strap.] In Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the chorus while turning from the right to the left of the orchestra; hence, the strain, or part of the choral ode, sung during this movement. Also sometimes used of a stanza of modern verse. See the Note under Antistrophe.

Strophic

Stroph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.

Strophiolate, Strophiolated

Stro"phi*o*late (?), Stro"phi*o*la`ted (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle, or that which resembles it. Gray.

Strophiole

Stro"phi*ole (?), n. [L. strophiolum a little chaplet, dim. of strophium a band, Gr. strophiole.] (Bot.) A crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a caruncle.

Strophulus

Stroph"u*lus (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) See Red-gum, 1.

Stroud

Stroud (?), n. A kind of coarse blanket or garment used by the North American Indians.

Strouding

Stroud"ing, n. Material for strouds; a kind of coarse cloth used in trade with the North American Indians.

Strout

Strout (?), v. i. [See Strut.] To swell; to puff out; to project. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Strout

Strout, v. t. To cause to project or swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to strut. [Obs.] Bacon.

Strove

Strove (?), imp. of Strive.

Strow

Strow (?), v. t. [imp. Strowed (?); p. p. Strown (?) ∨ Strowed.] Same as Strew.
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa. Milton.
A manner turbid . . . and strown with blemished. M. Arnold.

Strowl

Strowl (?), v. i. To stroll. [Obs.]

Strown

Strown (?), p. p. of Strow.

Stroy

Stroy (?), v. i. To destroy. [Obs.] Tusser.

Struck

Struck (?), imp. & p. p. of Strike. Struck jury (Law), a special jury, composed of persons having special knowledge or qualifications, selected by striking from the panel of jurors a certain number for each party, leaving the number required by law to try the cause.

Strucken

Struck"en (?), obs. p. p. of Strike. Shak.

Structural

Struc"tur*al (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a structural error.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant.

Structural formula. (Chem.) See Rational formula, under Formula. <-- a symbolic representation of the structure of one molecule of a chemical compound, showing the attachments of the atoms to each other; it may or may not depict the stereochemical relations of the bonds. Distinguished from empirical formula. -->

Structure

Struc"ture (?), n. [L. structura, from struere, structum, to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to E. strew: cf. F. structure. Cf. Construe, Destroy, Instrument, Obstruct.]

1. The act of building; the practice of erecting buildings; construction. [R.]

His son builds on, and never is content Till the last farthing is in structure spent. J. Dryden, Jr.

2. Manner of building; form; make; construction.

Want of insight into the structure and constitution of the terraqueous globe. Woodward.

3. Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent particles, in a substance or body; as, the structure of a rock or a mineral; the structure of a sentence.

It [basalt] has often a prismatic structure. Dana.

4. (Biol.) Manner of organization; the arrangement of the different tissues or parts of animal and vegetable organisms; as, organic structure, or the structure of animals and plants; cellular structure.

5. That which is built; a building; esp., a building of some size or magnificence; an edifice.

There stands a structure of majestic frame. Pope.
Columnar structure. See under Columnar.

Structured

Struc"tured (?), a. (Biol.) Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of parts.
The passage from a structureless state to a structured state is itself a vital process. H. Spencer.

Structureless

Struc"ture*less (?), a. Without a definite structure, or arrangement of parts; without organization; devoid of cells; homogeneous; as, a structureless membrane.

Structurist

Struc"tur*ist (?), n. One who forms structures; a builder; a constructor. [R.]

Strude

Strude (?), n. A stock of breeding mares. [Written also strode.] [Obs.] Bailey.

Struggle

Strug"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Struggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Struggling (?).] [OE. strogelen; cf. Icel. strj to stroke, to beat, to flog, Sw. stryka to stroke, to strike, Dan. stryge, G. straucheln to stumble. Cf. Stroll.]

1. To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body.

2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend forcibly; as, to struggle to save one's life; to struggle with the waves; to struggle with adversity.

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it [Gettysburg] far above our power to add or detract. Lincoln.

3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in any kind of difficulty or distress.

'T is wisdom to beware, And better shun the bait than struggle in the snare. Dryden.
Syn. -- To strive; contend; labor; endeavor.

Struggle

Strug"gle (?), n.

1. A violent effort or efforts with contortions of the body; agony; distress.

2. Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to avert an evil. Macaulay.

3. Contest; contention; strife.

An honest might look upon the struggle with indifference. Addison.
Syn. -- Endeavor; effort; contest; labor; difficulty.

Struggler

Strug"gler (?), n. One who struggles.

Strull

Strull (?), n. A bar so placed as to resist weight.

Strum

Strum (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Strummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strumming.] [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Thrum.] To play on an instrument of music, or as on an instrument, in an unskillful or noisy way; to thrum; as, to strum a piano.

Struma

Stru"ma (?), n. [L., a scrofulous tumor.]

1. (Med.) Scrofula.

2. (Bot.) A cushionlike swelling on any organ; especially, that at the base of the capsule in many mosses.

Strumatic

Stru*mat"ic (?), a. Scrofulous; strumous.

Strumose

Stru*mose" (?), a. [L. strumosus: cf. F. strumeux.]

1. (Med.) Strumous.

2. (Bot.) Having a struma.

Strumous

Stru"mous (?), a. (Med.) Scrofulous; having struma.

Strumousness

Stru"mous*ness, n. The state of being strumous.

Strumpet

Strum"pet (?), n. [OE. strumpet, strompet; cf. OF. stupe debauchery, F. stupe, L. stuprare, stupratum, to debauch, stuprum debauchery, Gael. & Ir. striopach a prostitute.] A prostitute; a harlot. Shak.

Strumpet

Strum"pet, a. Of or pertaining to a strumpet; characteristic of a strumpet.
Out on thy more than strumpet impudence. B. Jonson.

Strumpet

Strum"pet, v. t.

1. To debauch. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To dishonor with the reputation of being a strumpet; hence, to belie; to slander.

With his untrue reports, strumpet your fame. Massinger.

Strumstrum

Strum"strum (?), n. A rude musical instrument somewhat like a cittern. [R.] Dampier.

Strung

Strung (?), imp. & p. p. of String.

Strunt

Strunt (?), n. Spirituous liquor. [Scot.] Burns.

Struntian

Strun"tian (?), n. A kind of worsted braid, about an inch broad. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Struse

Struse (?), n. [Russ. strug'.] (Naut.) A Russian river craft used for transporting freight.

Strut

Strut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Strutting.] [OE. struten, strouten, to swell; akin to G. strozen to be swelled, to be puffed up, to strut, Dan. strutte.]

1. To swell; to bulge out. [R.]

The bellying canvas strutted with the gale. Dryden.

2. To walk with a lofty, proud gait, and erect head; to walk with affected dignity.

Does he not hold up his head, . . . and strut in his gait? Shak.

Strut

Strut, n. [For senses 2 & 3 cf. LG. strutt rigid.]

1. The act of strutting; a pompous step or walk.

2. (Arch.) In general, any piece of a frame which resists thrust or pressure in the direction of its own length. See Brace, and Illust. of Frame, and Roof.

3. (Engin.) Any part of a machine or structure, of which the principal function is to hold things apart; a brace subjected to compressive stress; -- the opposite of stay, and tie.

Strut

Strut, v. t. To hold apart. Cf. Strut, n., 3.

Strut

Strut, a. Protuberant. [Obs.] Holland.

Struthian

Stru"thi*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Struthious.

Struthio

Stru"thi*o (?), n.; pl. Struthiones (#). [L., an ostrich, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the African ostriches.

Struthioidea

Stru`thi*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Struthio, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Struthiones.

Struthiones

Stru`thi*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Struthio.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division, or order, of birds, including only the African ostriches. (b) In a wider sense, an extensive group of birds including the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, moas, and allied birds incapable of flight. In this sense it is equivalent to Ratit\'91, or Drom\'91ognath\'91.

Struthionine

Stru`thi*o"nine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Struthious.

Struthious

Stru"thi*ous (?), a. [L. struthius, strutheus.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Struthiones, or Ostrich tribe.

Strutter

Strut"ter (?), n. One who struts.

Strutting

Strut"ting, a. & n. from Strut, v. -- Strut"ting*ly, adv.

Struvite

Struv"ite (?), n. [After the Russian minister Von Struve.] (Min.) A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.

Strychnia

Strych"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Strychnine.] (Chem.) Strychnine.

Strychnic

Strych"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to strychnine; produced by strychnine; as, strychnic compounds; strychnic poisoning; specifically (Chem.), used to designate an acid, called also igasuric acid.

Strychnine

Strych"nine (?), n. [L. strychnos a kind of nightshade, Gr. strychnine.] (Chem.) A very poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from various species of plants, especially from species of Loganiace\'91, as from the seeds of the St. Ignatius bean (Strychnos Ignatia) and from nux vomica. It is obtained as a white crystalline substance, having a very bitter acrid taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the form of the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also strychnia, and formerly strychnina.

Strychnos

Strych"nos (?), n. [L., a kind of nightshade, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Loganiace\'91. See Nux vomica.
Page 1429

Stryphnic

Stryph"nic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent taste.

Stub

Stub (?), n. [OE. stubbe, AS. stub, styb; akin to D. stobbe, LG. stubbe, Dan. stub, Sw. stubbe, Icel. stubbr, stubbi; cf. Gr.

1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; -- applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub.

Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. Chaucer.
And prickly stubs instead of trees are found. Dryden.

2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] Milton.

3. The short blunt part of anything after larger part has been broken off or used up; hence, anything short and thick; as, the stub of a pencil, candle, or cigar.

4. A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check is torn out, on which the number, amount, and destination of the check are usually recorded.

5. A pen with a short, blunt nib.

6. A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub iron.

Stub end (Mach.), the enlarged end of a connecting rod, to which the strap is fastened. -- Stub iron, iron made from stub nails, or old horseshoe nails, -- used in making gun barrels. -- Stub mortise (Carp.), a mortise passing only partly through the timber in which it is formed. -- Stub nail, an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken off; also, a short, thick nail. -- Stub short, ∨ Stub shot (Lumber Manuf.), the part of the end of a sawn log or plank which is beyond the place where the saw kerf ends, and which retains the plank in connection with the log, until it is split off. -- Stub twist, material for a gun barrel, made of a spirally welded ribbon of steel and stub iron combined.

Stub

Stub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stubbing.]

1. To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible roots.

What stubbing, plowing, digging, and harrowing is to a piece of land. Berkley.

2. To remove stubs from; as, to stub land.

3. To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or other fixed object. [U. S.]

Stubbed

Stub"bed (?), a.

1. Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something truncated; blunt; obtuse.

2. Abounding in stubs; stubby.

A bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. R. Browning.

3. Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged. "Stubbed, vulgar constitutions." Berkley.

Stubbedness

Stub"bed*ness, n. The quality or state of being stubbed.

Stubbiness

Stub"bi*ness (?), n. The state of being stubby.

Stubble

Stub"ble (?), n. [OE. stobil, stoble, OF. estouble, estuble, F. \'82tuele, LL. stupla, stupula, L. stipula stubble, stalk; cf. D. & G. stopped, OHG. stupfila. Cf. Stipule.] The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat, left in the ground; the part of the stalk left by the scythe or sickle. "After the first crop is off, they plow in the wheast stubble." Mortimer. Stubble goose (Zo\'94l.), the graylag goose. [Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. -- Stubble rake, a rake with long teeth for gleaning in stubble.

Stubbled

Stub"bled (?), a.

1. Covered with stubble.

A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain. Gay.

2. Stubbed; as, stubbled legs. [Obs.] Skelton.

Stubbly

Stub"bly, a. Covered with stubble; stubbled.

Stubborn

Stub"born (?), a. [OE. stoburn, stiborn; probably fr. AS. styb a stub. See Stub.] Firm as a stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding; persistent; hence, unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion; not yielding to reason or persuasion; refractory; harsh; -- said of persons and things; as, stubborn wills; stubborn ore; a stubborn oak; as stubborn as a mule. "Bow, stubborn knees." Shak. "Stubborn attention and more than common application." Locke. "Stubborn Stoics." Swift.
And I was young and full of ragerie [wantonness] Stubborn and strong, and jolly as a pie. Chaucer.
These heretics be so stiff and stubborn. Sir T. More.
Your stubborn usage of the pope. Shak.
Syn. -- Obstinate; inflexible; obdurate; headstrong; stiff; hardy; firm; refractory; intractable; rugged; contumacious; heady. -- Stubborn, Obstinate. Obstinate is used of either active or passive persistence in one's views or conduct, in spite of the wishes of others. Stubborn describes an extreme degree of passive obstinacy. -- Stub"born*ly, adv. -- Stub"born*ness, n.

Stubby

Stub"by (?), a.

1. Abounding with stubs.

2. Short and thick; short and strong, as bristles.

Stucco

Stuc"co (?), n.; pl. Stuccoes (#), Stuccos. [It., fr. OHG. stucchi a crust, piece, G. st\'81ck piece; akin to AS. stycce. See Stock.]

1. Plaster of any kind used as a coating for walls, especially, a fine plaster, composed of lime or gypsum with sand and pounded marble, used for internal decorations and fine work.

2. Work made of stucco; stuccowork.

Stucco

Stuc"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuccoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stuccoing (?).] To overlay or decorate with stucco, or fine plaster.

Stuccoer

Stuc"co*er (?), n. One who stuccoes.

Stuccowork

Stuc"co*work` (?), n. Work done in stucco.

Stuck

Stuck (?), imp. & p. p. of Stick.

Stuck

Stuck, n. [Cf. 1st Stoccado.] A thrust. [Obs.] Shak.

Stuckle

Stuc"kle (?), n. [From Stook.] A number of sheaves set together in the field; a stook.

Stuck-up

Stuck"-up` (?), a. Self-important and supercilious, [Colloq.]
The airs of small, stuck-up, men. A. K. H. Boyd.

Stud

Stud (?), n. [OE. stod, stood, AS. st\'d3d; akin to OHG. stuota, G. stute a mare, Icel. st\'d3 stud, Lith. stodas a herd, Russ. stado, and to E. stand. The sense is properly, a stand, an establishment. \'fb163. See Stand, and cf. Steed.] A collection of breeding horses and mares, or the place where they are kept; also, a number of horses kept for a racing, riding, etc.
In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see horses bred of excellent shape, vigor, and size. Sir W. Temple.
He had the finest stud in England, and his delight was to win plates from Tories. Macaulay.

Stud

Stud (?), n. [AS. studu a post; akin to Sw. st\'94d a prop, Icel. sto a post, sty to prop, and probably ultimately to E. stand; cf. D. stut a prop, G. st\'81tze. See Stand.]

1. A stem; a trunk. [Obs.]

Seest not this same hawthorn stud? Spenser.

2. (Arch.) An upright scanting, esp. one of the small uprights in the framing for lath and plaster partitions, and furring, and upon which the laths are nailed.

3. A kind of nail with a large head, used chiefly for ornament; an ornamental knob; a boss.

A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs. Marlowe.
Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossed with gems And studs of pearl. Milton.

4. An ornamental button of various forms, worn in a shirt front, collar, wristband, or the like, not sewed in place, but inserted through a buttonhole or eyelet, and transferable.

5. (Mach.) (a) A short rod or pin, fixed in and projecting from something, and sometimes forming a journal. (b) A stud bolt.

6. An iron brace across the shorter diameter of the link of a chain cable.

Stud bolt, a bolt with threads on both ends, to be screwed permanently into a fixed part at one end and receive a nut upon the other; -- called also standing bolt.

Stud

Stud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Studded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Studding.]

1. To adorn with shining studs, or knobs.

Thy horses shall be trapped, Their harness studded all with gold and pearl. Shak.

2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects; to set thickly, as with studs.

The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive plains that stretch before our view, are studded with substantial, neat, and commodious dwellings of freemen. Bp. Hobart.

Studbook

Stud"book` (?), n. A genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of horses, esp. thoroughbreds.

Studdery

Stud"der*y (?), n. A stud, or collection of breeding horses and mares; also, a place for keeping a stud. [Obs.]
King Henry the Eighth erected a noble studdery. Holinshed.

Studding

Stud"ding (?), n. Material for studs, or joists; studs, or joists, collectively; studs.

Studding sail

Stud"ding sail` (?). (Naut.) A light sail set at the side of a principal or square sail of a vessel in free winds, to increase her speed. Its head is bent to a small spar which is called the studding-sail boom. See Illust. of Sail. Toten.

Student

Stu"dent (?), n. [L. studens, -entis, p.pr. of studere to study. See Study, n.]

1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student.

Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book. Shak.

2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature.

Studentry

Stu"dent*ry (?), n. A body of students. [R.]

Studentship

Stu"dent*ship, n. The state of being a student.

Studfish

Stud"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small American minnows of the genus Fundulus, as F. catenatus.

Stud-horse

Stud"-horse` (?), n. [AS. st\'d3d-hors.] A stallion, esp. one kept for breeding.

Studied

Stud"ied, a.

1. Closely examined; read with diligence and attention; made the subject of study; well considered; as, a studied lesson.

2. Well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study; learned; as, a man well studied in geometry.

I shrewdly suspect that he is little studied of a theory of moral proportions. Burke.

3. Premeditated; planned; designed; as, a studied insult. "Studied magnificence." Hawthorne.

4. Intent; inclined. [Obs.] Shak.

Studiedly

Stud"ied*ly (?), adv. In a studied manner.

Studier

Stud"i*er (?), n. A student. [R.] W. Irving.
Lipsius was a great studier of the stoical philosophy. Tillotson.

Studio

Stu"di*o (?), n.; pl. Studios (#). [It. studio, properly, study. See Study.] The working room of an artist.

Studious

Stu"di*ous (?), a. [L. studious: cf. F. studieux. See Study.]

1. Given to study; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from books; as, a studious scholar.

2. Given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contemplation; contemplative. Locke.

3. Earnest in endeavors; aiming sedulously; attentive; observant; diligent; -- usually followed by an infinitive or by of; as, be studious to please; studious to find new friends and allies.

You that are so studious Of my affairs, wholly neglect your own. Massinger.

4. Planned with study; deliberate; studied.

For the frigid villainy of studious lewdness, . . . with apology can be invented? Rambler.

5. Favorable to study; suitable for thought and contemplation; as, the studious shade. [Poetic]

But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale. Milton.
-- Stu"di*ous*ly, adv. -- Stu"di*ous*ness, n.

Study

Stud"y (?), n.; pl. Studies (#). [OE. studie, L. studium, akin to studere to study; possibly akin to Gr. estudie, estude, F. \'82tude. Cf. Etude, Student, Studio, Study, v. i.]

1. A setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence, application of mind to books, arts, or science, or to any subject, for the purpose of acquiring knowledge.

Hammond . . . spent thirteen hours of the day in study. Bp. Fell.
Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace. Sir W. Temple.

2. Mental occupation; absorbed or thoughtful attention; meditation; contemplation.

Just men they seemed, and all their study bent To worship God aright, and know his works. Milton.

3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration.

The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study. Law.
The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.

4. A building or apartment devoted to study or to literary work. "His cheery little study." Hawthorne.

5. (Fine Arts) A representation or rendering of any object or scene intended, not for exhibition as an original work of art, but for the information, instruction, or assistance of the maker; as, a study of heads or of hands for a figure picture.

6. (Mus.) A piece for special practice. See Etude.

Study

Stud"y (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Studied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Studying (?).] [OE. studien, OF. estudier, F. \'82tudier. See Study, n.]

1. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought; to muse; to ponder. Chaucer.

I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable. Swift.

2. To apply the mind to books or learning. Shak.

3. To endeavor diligently; to be zealous. 1 Thes. iv. 11.

Study

Stud"y, v. t.

1. To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology; to study languages.

2. To consider attentively; to examine closely; as, to study the work of nature.

Study thyself; what rank or what degree The wise Creator has ordained for thee. Dryden.

3. To form or arrange by previous thought; to con over, as in committing to memory; as, to study a speech.

4. To make an object of study; to aim at sedulously; to devote one's thoughts to; as, to study the welfare of others; to study variety in composition.

For their heart studieth destruction. Prov. xxiv. 2.

Stufa

Stu"fa (?), n. [It. stufa a stove. See Stove.] A jet of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth.

Stuff

Stuff (?), n. [OF. estoffe, F. \'82toffe; of uncertain origin, perhaps of Teutonic origin and akin to E. stop, v.t. Cf. Stuff, v. t.]

1. Material which is to be worked up in any process of manufacture.

For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much. Ex. xxxvi. 7.
Ambitions should be made of sterner stuff. Shak.
The workman on his stuff his skill doth show, And yet the stuff gives not the man his skill. Sir J. Davies.

2. The fundamental material of which anything is made up; elemental part; essence.

Yet do I hold it very stuff o' the conscience To do no contrived murder. Shak.

3. Woven material not made into garments; fabric of any kind; specifically, any one of various fabrics of wool or worsted; sometimes, worsted fiber.

What stuff wilt have a kirtle of? Shak.
It [the arras] was of stuff and silk mixed, though, superior kinds were of silk exclusively. F. G. Lee.

4. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels or utensils.

He took away locks, and gave away the king's stuff. Hayward.

5. A medicine or mixture; a potion. Shak.

6. Refuse or worthless matter; hence, also, foolish or irrational language; nonsense; trash.

Anger would indite Such woeful stuff as I or Shadwell write. Dryden.

7. (Naut.) A melted mass of turpentine, tallow, etc., with which the masts, sides, and bottom of a ship are smeared for lubrication. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

8. Paper stock ground ready for use. &hand; When partly ground, called half stuff. Knight.

Clear stuff. See under Clear. -- Small stuff (Naut.), all kinds of small cordage. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Stuff gown, the distinctive garb of a junior barrister; hence, a junior barrister himself. See Silk gown, under Silk.<-- stuff and nonsense. (See def. 6 for stuff) balderdash, twaddle, nonsense, foolishness. -->

Stuff

Stuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stuffing.] [OE. stoffen; cf. OF. estoffer, F. \'82toffer, to put stuff in, to stuff, to line, also, OF. estouffer to stifle, F. \'82touffer; both perhaps of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stop. Cf. Stop, v. t., Stuff, n.]

1. To fill by crowding something into; to cram with something; to load to excess; as, to stuff a bedtick.

Sometimes this crook drew hazel bought adown, And stuffed her apron wide with nuts so brown. Gay.
Lest the gods, for sin, Should with a swelling dropsy stuff thy skin. Dryden.

2. To thrust or crowd; to press; to pack.

Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing them close together . . . and they retain smell and color. Bacon.

3. To fill by being pressed or packed into.

With inward arms the dire machine they load, And iron bowels stuff the dark abode. Dryden.

4. (Cookery) To fill with a seasoning composition of bread, meat, condiments, etc.; as, to stuff a turkey.

5. To obstruct, as any of the organs; to affect with some obstruction in the organs of sense or respiration.

I'm stuffed, cousin; I can not smell. Shak.

6. To fill the skin of, for the purpose of preserving as a specimen; -- said of birds or other animals.

7. To form or fashion by packing with the necessary material.

An Eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the tribunal. Swift.

8. To crowd with facts; to cram the mind of; sometimes, to crowd or fill with false or idle tales or fancies.

9. To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot box). [U. S.]

Page 1430

Stuff

Stuff (?), v. i. To feed gluttonously; to cram.
Taught harmless man to cram and stuff. Swift.

Stuffer

Stuff"er (?), n. One who, or that which, stuffs.

Stuffiness

Stuff"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being stuffy.

Stuffing

Stuff"ing, n.

1. That which is used for filling anything; as, the stuffing of a saddle or cushion.

2. (Cookery) Any seasoning preparation used to stuff meat; especially, a composition of bread, condiments, spices, etc.; forcemeat; dressing.

3. A mixture of oil and tallow used in softening and dressing leather.

Stuffing box, a device for rendering a joint impervious where there is a hole through which a movable cylindrical body, as the paston rod of a steam engine, or the plunger of a pump, slides back and forth, or in which a shaft turns. It usually consists of a box or chamber, made by an enlargement of part of the hole, forming a space around the rod or shaft for containing packing which is compressed and made to fill the space closely by means of a sleeve, called the gland, which fits loosely around the rod, and is pressed upon the packing by bolts or other means.

Stuffy

Stuff"y (?), a.

1. Stout; mettlesome; resolute. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. Angry and obstinate; sulky. [U. S.]

3. Ill-ventilated; close.

Stuke

Stuke (?), n. Stucco. [Obs.]

Stull

Stull (?), n. [CF. Stum.] A framework of timber covered with boards to support rubbish; also, a framework of boards to protect miners from falling stones. [Prov. Eng.]

Stulm

Stulm (?), n. [Cf. G. stollen a post, a stulm, E. stall, stand.] A shaft or gallery to drain a mine. [Local, Eng.] Bailey.

Stulp

Stulp (?), n. [Cf. Icel. st\'d3lpi, Dan., Sw., & OD. stolpe.] A short, stout post used for any purpose, a to mark a boundary. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Stultification

Stul`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of stultifying, or the state of being stultified.

Stultifier

Stul"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who stultifies.

Stultify

Stul"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stultified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stultifying (?).] [L. stultus foolish + -fy.]

1. To make foolish; to make a fool of; as, to stultify one by imposition; to stultify one's self by silly reasoning or conduct. Burke.

2. To regard as a fool, or as foolish. [R.]

The modern sciolist stultifies all understanding but his own, and that which he conceives like his own. Hazlitt.

3. (Law) To allege or prove to be of unsound mind, so that the performance of some act may be avoided.

Stultiloquence

Stul*til"o*quence (?), n. [L. stultiloquentia; stultus foolish + loquentia a talking, fr. loquens, p.pr. of loqui to talk.] Silly talk; babbling.

Stultiloquent

Stul*til"o*quent (?), a. [Cf. L. stultiloquus. See Stultiloquence.] Given to, or characterized by, silly talk; babbling. -- Stul*til"o*quent*ly, adv.

Stultiloquy

Stul*til"o*quy (?), n. [L. stultiloquium.] Foolish talk; silly discource; babbling. Jer. Taylor.

Stulty

Stul"ty (?), a. [L. stultus foolish.] Foolish; silly. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

Stum

Stum (?), n. [D. stom must, new wort, properly, dumb; cf. F. vin muet stum. Cf. Stammer, Stoom.]

1. Unfermented grape juice or wine, often used to raise fermentation in dead or vapid wines; must.

Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine. B. Jonson.
And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause. Dryden.

2. Wine revived by new fermentation, reulting from the admixture of must. Hudibras.

Stum

Stum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stumming.] To renew, as wine, by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation.
We stum our wines to renew their spirits. Floyer.

Stumble

Stum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stumbling (?).] [OE. stumblen, stomblen; freq. of a word akin to E. stammer. See Stammer.]

1. To trip in walking or in moving in any way with the legs; to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; to stagger because of a false step.

There stumble steeds strong and down go all. Chaucer.
The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know at what they stumble. Prov. iv. 19.

2. To walk in an unsteady or clumsy manner.

He stumbled up the dark avenue. Sir W. Scott.

3. To fall into a crime or an error; to err.

He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none occasion og stumbling in him. 1 John ii. 10.

4. To strike or happen (upon a person or thing) without design; to fall or light by chance; -- with on, upon, or against.

Ovid stumbled, by some inadvertency, upon Livia in a bath. Dryden.
Forth as she waddled in the brake, A gray goose stumbled on a snake. C. Smart.

Stumble

Stum"ble, v. t.

1. To cause to stumble or trip.

2. Fig.: To mislead; to confound; to perplex; to cause to err or to fall.

False and dazzling fires to stumble men. Milton.
One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of this hypothesis. Locke.

Stumble

Stum"ble, n.

1. A trip in walking or running.

2. A blunder; a failure; a fall from rectitude.

One stumble is enough to deface the character of an honorable life. L'Estrange.

Stumbler

Stum"bler (?), n. One who stumbles.

Stumbling-block

Stum"bling-block` (?), n. Any cause of stumbling, perplexity, or error.
We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling-block, and unto the Greeks foolishness. 1 Cor. i. 23.

Stumblingly

Stum"bling*ly (?), adv. In a stumbling manner.

Stumbling-stone

Stum"bling-stone` (?), n. A stumbling-block.
This stumbling-stone we hope to take away. T. Burnet.

Stump

Stump (?), n. [OE. stumpe, stompe; akin to D. stomp, G. stumpf, Icel. stumpr, Dan. & Sw. stump, and perhaps also to E. stamp.]

1. The part of a tree or plant remaining in the earth after the stem or trunk is cut off; the stub.

2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is amputated or destroyed; a fixed or rooted remnant; a stub; as, the stump of a leg, a finger, a tooth, or a broom.

3. pl. The legs; as, to stir one's stumps. [Slang]

4. (Cricket) One of the three pointed rods stuck in the ground to form a wicket and support the bails.

5. A short, thick roll of leather or paper, cut to a point, or any similar implement, used to rub down the lines of a crayon or pencil drawing, in shading it, or for shading drawings by producing tints and gradations from crayon, etc., in powder.

6. A pin in a tumbler lock which forms an obstruction to throwing the bolt, except when the gates of the tumblers are properly arranged, as by the key; a fence; also, a pin or projection in a lock to form a guide for a movable piece.

Leg stump (Cricket), the stump nearest to the batsman. -- Off stump (Cricket), the stump farthest from the batsman. -- Stump tracery (Arch.), a term used to describe late German Gothic tracery, in which the molded bar seems to pass through itself in its convolutions, and is then cut off short, so that a section of the molding is seen at the end of each similar stump. -- To go on the stump, ∨ To take the stump, to engage in making public addresses for electioneering purposes; -- a phrase derived from the practice of using a stump for a speaker's platform in newly-settled districts. Hence also the phrases stump orator, stump speaker, stump speech, stump oratory, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]<-- on the stump -- campaigning for public office -->

Stump

Stump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stumping.]

1. To cut off a part of; to reduce to a stump; to lop.

Around the stumped top soft moss did grow. Dr. H. More.

2. To strike, as the toes, against a stone or something fixed; to stub. [Colloq.]

3. To challenge; also, to nonplus. [Colloq.]

4. To travel over, delivering speeches for electioneering purposes; as, to stump a State, or a district. See To go on the stump, under Stump, n. [Colloq. U.S.]

5. (Cricket) (a) To put (a batsman) out of play by knocking off the bail, or knocking down the stumps of the wicket he is defending while he is off his allotted ground; -- sometimes with out. T. Hughes. (b) To bowl down the stumps of, as, of a wicket.

A herd of boys with clamor bowled, And stumped the wicket. Tennyson.
To stump it. (a) To go afoot; hence, to run away; to escape. [Slang] Ld. Lytton. (b) To make electioneering speeches. [Colloq. U.S.]

Stump

Stump, v. i. To walk clumsily, as if on stumps. To stump up, to pay cash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Stumpage

Stump"age (?), n.

1. Timber in standing trees, -- often sold without the land at a fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being counted when the land is cleared. [Local, U.S.]

Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be cut by loggers buying stumpage from the owners of land. C. S. Sargent.

2. A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by the price of lumber. [Local, U.S.] The Nation.

Stumper

Stump"er (?), n.

1. One who stumps.

2. A boastful person. [Slang]

3. A puzzling or incredible story. [Slang, U.S.]

Stumpiness

Stump"i*ness (?), n. The state of being stumpy.

Stump-tailed

Stump"-tailed` (?), a. Having a short, thick tail. Stump-tailed lizard (Zo\'94l.), a singular Australian scincoid lizard (Trachydosaurus rugosus) having a short, thick tail resembling its head in form; -- called also sleeping lizard.

Stumpy

Stump"y (?), a.

1. Full of stumps; hard; strong.

2. Short and thick; stubby. [Colloq.] "A stumpy little man." J. C. Harris.

Stun

Stun (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stunning.] [OE. stonien, stownien; either fr. AS. stunian to resound (cf. D. stenen to groan, G. st\'94hnen, Icel. stynja, Gr. stan to thunder, and E. thunder), or from the same source as E. astonish. \'fb168.]

1. To make senseless or dizzy by violence; to render senseless by a blow, as on the head.

One hung a poleax at his saddlebow, And one a heavy mace to stun the foe. Dryden.

2. To dull or deaden the sensibility of; to overcome; especially, to overpower one's sense of hearing.

And stunned him with the music of the spheres. Pope.

3. To astonish; to overpower; to bewilder.

William was quite stunned at my discourse. De Foe.

Stun

Stun, n. The condition of being stunned.

Stung

Stung (?), imp. & p. p. of Sting.

Stunk

Stunk (?), imp. & p. p. of Stink.

Stunner

Stun"ner (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, stuns.

2. Something striking or amazing in quality; something of extraordinary excellence. [Slang] Thackeray.

Stunning

Stun"ning (?), a.

1. Overpowering consciousness; overpowering the senses; especially, overpowering the sense of hearing; confounding with noise.

2. Striking or overpowering with astonishment, especially on account of excellence; as, stunning poetry. [Slang] C. Kingsley. -- Stun"ning*ly, adv. [Slang]

Stunsail

Stun"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A contraction of Studding sail.
With every rag set, stunsails, sky scrapers and all. Lowell.

Stunt

Stunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stunting.] [See Stint.] To hinder from growing to the natural size; to prevent the growth of; to stint, to dwarf; as, to stunt a child; to stunt a plant.
When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a nation, and stunt the growth of its active energies, the ill or may do is beyond all calculation. Burke.

Stunt

Stunt (?), n.

1. A check in growth; also, that which has been checked in growth; a stunted animal or thing.

2. Specifically: A whale two years old, which, having been weaned, is lean, and yields but little blubber.

Stunted

Stunt"ed, a. Dwarfed. -- Stunt"ed*ness, n.

Stuntness

Stunt"ness, n. Stuntedness; brevity. [R.] Earle.

Stupa

Stu"pa (st&oomac;"p&adot;), n. [Skr. st&umac;pa.] A mound or monument commemorative of Buddha.

Stupa

Stu"pa (st&umac;"p&adot;), n. [L.] (Med.) See 1st Stupe.

Stupe

Stupe (?), n. [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stop, v. t.] (Med.) Cloth or flax dipped in warm water or medicaments and applied to a hurt or sore.

Stupe

Stupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stuping.] To foment with a stupe. Wiseman.

Stupe

Stupe, n. [See Stupid.] A stupid person. [Obs.]

Stupefacient

Stu`pe*fa"cient (?), a. [L. stupefaciens, p.pr. of stupefacere to stupefy; stupere to be stupefied + facere to make. Cf. Stupefy.] [Written also stupifacient.] Producing stupefaction; stupefactive. -- n. (Med.) Anything promoting stupefaction; a narcotic.

Stupefaction

Stu`pe*fac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. stup\'82faction. See Stupefacient.] The act of stupefying, or the state of being stupefied. [Written also stupifaction.]
Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a hardness and stupefaction upon it. South.

Stupefactive

Stu`pe*fac"tive (?), a. & n. [Cf. F. stup\'82factif, LL. stupefactivus.] Same as Stupefacient. [Written also stupifactive.]

Stupefied

Stu"pe*fied (?), a. Having been made stupid.

Stupefiedness

Stu"pe*fied`ness, n. Quality of being stupid.

Stupefier

Stu"pe*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, stupefies; a stupefying agent.

Stupefy

Stu"pe*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stupefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stupefying (?).] [F. stup\'82fier, fr. L. stupere to be stupefied + ficare (in comp.) to make, akin to facere. See Stupid, Fact, and cf. Stupefacient.] [Written also stupify, especially in England.]

1. To make stupid; to make dull; to blunt the faculty of perception or understanding in; to deprive of sensibility; to make torpid.<-- temporarily! as by excessive dullness or repetition -->

The fumes of drink discompose and stupefy the brain. South.

2. To deprive of material mobility. [Obs.]

It is not malleable; but yet is not fluent, but stupefied. Bacon.

Stupendous

Stu*pen"dous (?), a. [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.] Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. "A stupendous sum." Macaulay.
All are but parts of one stupendous whole. Pope.
-- Stu*pen"dous*ly, adv. -- Stu*pen"dous*ness, n.

Stupeous

Stu"pe*ous (?), a. [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow; cf. L. stuppeus made of tow. Cf. Stupose.] Resembling tow; having long, loose scales, or matted filaments, like tow; stupose.

Stupid

Stu"pid (?), a. [L. stupidus, fr. stupere to be stupefied: cf. F. stupide.]

1. Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding; heavy; sluggish; in a state of stupor; -- said of persons.

O that men . . . should be so stupid grown . . . As to forsake the living God! Milton.
With wild surprise, A moment stupid, motionless he stood. Thomson.

2. Resulting from, or evincing, stupidity; formed without skill or genius; dull; heavy; -- said of things.

Observe what loads of stupid rhymes Oppress us in corrupted times. Swift.
Syn. -- Simple; insensible; sluggish; senseless; doltish; sottish; dull; heavy; clodpated. -- Stu"pid*ly (#), adv. -- Stu"pid*ness, n.

Stupidity

Stu*pid"i*ty (?), n. [L. stupiditas: cf. F. stupidit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being stupid; extreme dullness of perception or understanding; insensibility; sluggishness.

2. Stupor; astonishment; stupefaction. [R.]

A stupidity Past admiration strikes me, joined with fear. Chapman.

Stupify

Stu"pi*fy (?), v. t. See Stupefy.

Stupor

Stu"por (?), n. [L., from stupere to be struck senseless.]

1. Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression of sense or feeling; lethargy.

2. Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity; heedlessness or inattention to one's interests.

Stupose

Stu*pose (?), a. [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stupeous.] (Bot.) Composed of, or having, tufted or matted filaments like tow; stupeous.

Stuprate

Stu"prate (?), v. t. [L. stupratus, p.p. of stuprare to ravish, fr. stuprum defilement.] To ravish; to debauch. [R.] Heywood.

Stupration

Stu*pra"tion (?), n. Violation of chastity by force; rape. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Stuprum

Stu"prum (?), n. [L.] Stupration.

Sturb

Sturb (?), v. t. To disturb. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sturdily

Stur"di*ly (?), adv. In a sturdy manner.

Sturdiness

Stur"di*ness, n. Quality of being sturdy.

Sturdy

Stur"dy (?), a. [Compar. Sturdier (?); superl. Sturdiest.] [OE. sturdi inconsiderable, OF. estourdi stunned, giddy, thoughtless, rash, F. \'82tourdi, p.p. of OF. estourdir to stun, to render giddy, to amaze, F. \'82tourdir; of uncertain origin. The sense has probably been influenced by E. stout.]

1. Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn; unrelenting; unfeeling; stern.

This sturdy marquis gan his hearte dress To rue upon her wifely steadfastness. Chaucer.
This must be done, and I would fain see Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay. Hudibras.
A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps. Atterbury.

2. Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality; as, a man of sturdy piety or patriotism.

3. Characterized by physical strength or force; strong; lusty; violent; as, a sturdy lout.

How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Gray.

4. Stiff; stout; strong; as, a sturdy oak. Milton.

He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than dainty. Sir H. Wotton.
Syn. -- Hardy; stout; strong; firm; robust; stiff.
Page 1431

Sturdy

Stur"dy (?), n. [OF. estourdi giddiness, stupefaction.] (Vet.) A disease in sheep and cattle, marked by great nervousness, or by dullness and stupor.

Sturgeon

Stur"geon (?), n. [F. esturgeon, LL. sturio, sturgio, OHG. sturjo, G. st\'94r; akin to AS. styria, styriga.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large cartilaginous ganoid fishes belonging to Acipenser and allied genera of the family Acipenserid\'91. They run up rivers to spawn, and are common on the coasts and in the large rivers and lakes of North America, Europe, and Asia. Caviare is prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the air bladder. &hand; The common North American species are Acipenser sturio of the Atlantic coast region, A. transmontanus of the Pacific coast, and A. rubicundus of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In Europe, the common species is Acipenser sturio, and other well-known species are the sterlet and the huso. The sturgeons are included in the order Chondrostei. Their body is partially covered by five rows of large, carinated, bony plates, of which one row runs along the back. The tail is heterocercal. The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath the head, and has four barbels in front. Shovel-nosed sturgeon. (Zo\'94l.) See Shovelnose (d).

Sturiones

Stu`ri*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., from LL. sturio. See Sturgeon.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the sturgeons.

Sturionian

Stu`ri*o"ni*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the family of fishes of which the sturgeon is the type.

Sturk

Sturk (?), n. See Stirk. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Sturnoid

Stur"noid (?), a. [L. sturnus a starling + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the starlings.

Sturt

Sturt (?), v. t. [Cf. Start, v. i.] To vex; to annoy; to startle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Sturt

Sturt, n.

1. Disturbance; annoyance; care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Sturt and care." J. Rolland.

2. (Mining) A bargain in tribute mining by which the tributor profits. Raymond.

Sturtion

Stur"tion (?), n. A corruption of Nasturtion.

Stut

Stut (?), v. i. To stutter. [Obs.] Skelton.

Stutter

Stut"ter (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Stuttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stuttering.] [Freq. of stut, OE. stoten; probably of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. D. & LG. stotteren, G. stottern, D. stooten to push, to strike; akin to G. stossen, Icel. stauta, Sw. st\'94ta, Dan. st\'94de, Goth. stautan, L. tundere, Skr. tud to thrust. Cf. Contuse, Obtuse.] To hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with spasmodic repetition or pauses; to stammer.
Trembling, stuttering, calling for his confessor. Macaulay.

Stutter

Stut"ter, n.

1. The act of stuttering; a stammer. See Stammer, and Stuttering.

2. One who stutters; a stammerer. [Obs.] Bacon.

Stutterer

Stut"ter*er (?), n. One who stutters; a stammerer.

Stuttering

Stut"ter*ing, n. The act of one who stutters; -- restricted by some physiologists to defective speech due to inability to form the proper sounds, the breathing being normal, as distinguished from stammering.

Stuttering

Stut"ter*ing, a. Apt to stutter; hesitating; stammering. -- Stut"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Sty

Sty (?), n.; pl. Sties (. [Written also stigh.] [AS. stigu, fr. st\'c6gan to rise; originally, probably, a place into which animals climbed or went up. \'fb164. See Sty, v. i., and cf. Steward.]

1. A pen or inclosure for swine.

2. A place of bestial debauchery.

To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty. Milton.

Sty

Sty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stying (?).] To shut up in, or as in, a sty. Shak.

Sty

Sty, v. i. [OE. stien, sti, AS. st\'c6gan to rise; akin to D. stijgen, OS. & OHG. st\'c6gan, G. steigen, Icel. st\'c6ga, Sw. stiga, Dan. stige, Goth. steigan, L. vestigium footstep, Gr. stigh to mount. Cf. Distich, Stair steps, Stirrup, Sty a boil, a pen for swine, Vestige.] To soar; to ascend; to mount. See Stirrup. [Obs.]
With bolder wing shall dare aloft to sty, To the last praises of this Faery Queene. Spenser.

Sty

Sty, n. [For older styan, styanye, understood as sty on eye, AS. st\'c6gend (sc. e\'a0ge eye), properly, rising, or swelling (eye), p.p. of st\'c6gan to rise. See Sty, v. i.] (Med.) An inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the eyelid. [Written also stye.]

Styan

Sty"an (?), n. See Sty, a boil. [R.] De quincey.

Styca

Sty"ca (?), n. [LL., fr. AS. stic, styc, stycge.] An anglo-Saxon copper coin of the lowest value, being worth half a farthing. S. M. Leake.

Stycerin

Sty"cer*in (?), n. [Styryl + glycerin.] (Chem.) A triacid alcohol, related to glycerin, and obtained from certain styryl derivatives as a yellow, gummy, amorphous substance; -- called also phenyl glycerin.

Stye

Stye, n. See Sty, a boil.

Stygial

Styg"i*al (?), a. Stygian. [R.] Skelton.

Stygian

Styg"i*an (?), a. [L. Stygius, fr. Styx, Stygis, Gr. Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal. See Styx.
At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their aspect. Milton.

Stylagalmaic

Sty`la*gal*ma"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Arch.) Performing the office of columns; as, Atlantes and Caryatides are stylagalmaic figures or images. [Written also stylogalmaic.]

Stylar

Sty"lar (?), a. See Stilar.

Stylaster

Sty*las"ter (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of delicate, usually pink, calcareous hydroid corals of the genus Stylaster.

Style

Style (?), n. [OE. stile, F. style, Of. also stile, L. stilus a style or writing instrument, manner or writing, mode of expression; probably for stiglus, meaning, a pricking instrument, and akin to E. stick. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Stiletto. The spelling with y is due to a supposed connection with Gr.

1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets covered with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and somewhat expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing the wax.

2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or use. Specifically: -- (a) A pen; an author's pen. Dryden. (b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver. (c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument. (d) (Zo\'94l.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as the anal styles of insects. (e) [Perhaps fr. Gr. The pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates the hour. See Gnomon. (f) [Probably fr. Gr. (Bot.) The elongated part of a pistil between the ovary and the stigma. See Illust. of Stamen, and of Pistil.

3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or written; especially, such use of language in the expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty of an artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse; rhetorical expression.

High style, as when that men to kinges write. Chaucer.
Style is the dress of thoughts. Chesterfield.
Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style. Swift.
It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work. I. Disraeli.

4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing in idea or accomplishing a result.

The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit. Sir J. Reynolds.

5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social demeanor; fashion.

According to the usual style of dedications. C. Middleton.

6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated; the title; the official designation of any important body; mode of address; as, the style of Majesty.

One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting foe. Burke.

7. (Chron.) A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendars. &hand; Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by Julius C\'91sar, in which every fourth year consists of 366 days, and the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and any other year 365 days.

Style of court, the practice or manner observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe. Syn. -- Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.

Style

Style, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Styled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Styling.] To entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. "Styled great conquerors." Milton.
How well his worth and brave adventures styled. Dryden.
Syn. -- To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.

Stylet

Sty"let (?), n. [F., dim. of style; cf. It. stiletto. See Stiletto.] A small poniard; a stiletto.

2. (Surg.) (a) An instrument for examining wounds and fistulas, and for passing setons, and the like; a probe, -- called also specillum. (b) A stiff wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular instruments to maintain their shape and prevent clogging.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any small, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ; as, the caudal stylets of certain insects; the ventral stylets of certain Infusoria.

Styliferous

Sty*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Style + -ferous.] (Bot.) Bearing one or more styles.

Styliform

Sty"li*form (?), a. [Style + -form: cf. F. styliforme.] Having the form of, or resembling, a style, pin, or pen; styloid.

Stylish

Styl"ish (?), a. Having style or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the display of style; highly fashionable; modish; as, a stylish dress, house, manner. -- Styl"ish*ly, adv. -- Styl"ish*ness, n.

Stylist

Styl"ist, n. One who is a master or a model of style, especially in writing or speaking; a critic of style.
Distinguished as a stylist, for ease. Fitzed. Hall.

Stylistic

Sty*lis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to style in language. [R.] "Stylistic trifles." J. A. Symonds.
The great stylistic differences in the works ascribed to him [Wyclif]. G. P. Marsh.

Stylite

Sty"lite (?), n. [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of anchorites in the early church, who lived on the tops of pillars for the exercise of their patience; -- called also pillarist and pillar saint.<-- predursors of the flagpole-sitters! -->

Stylo-

Sty"lo- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the styloid process of the temporal bone; as, stylohyal, stylomastoid, stylomaxillary.

Stylobate

Sty"lo*bate (?), n. [L. stylobates, stylobata, Gr. (Arch.) The uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or pavement upon which the bases of a row of columns are supported. See Sub-base.

Styloglossal

Sty`lo*glos"sal (?), a. [Stylo- + glossal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to styloid process and the tongue.

Stylograph

Sty"lo*graph (?), n. A stylographic pen.

Stylographic

Sty`lo*graph"ic (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography; as, stylographic tablets.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen; as, stylographic ink.

Stylographic pen, a pen with a conical point like that of a style, combined with a reservoir for supplying it with ink. -- Stylographic pencil, a pencil used in stylography.

Stylographical

Sty`lo*graph"ic*al (?), a. Same as Stylographic, 1. -- Sty`lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Stylography

Sty*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Style + -graphy.] A mode of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on cards or tablets.

Stylohyal

Sty`lo*hy"al (?), n. [Stylo- + the Gr. letter (Anat.) A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal.

Stylohyoid

Sty`lo*hy"oid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the hyoid bone.

Styloid

Sty"loid (?), a. [Style + -oid: cf. F. stylo\'8bde, Gr.

1. Styliform; as, the styloid process.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid process.

Styloid process (Anat.), a long and slender process from the lower side of the temporal bone of man, corresponding to the tympanohyal and stylohyal of other animals.

Stylomastoid

Sty`lo*mas"toid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone.

Stylomaxillary

Sty`lo*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.

Stylometer

Sty*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring columns.

Stylommata

Sty*lom"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Stylommatophora.

Stylommatophora

Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Pulmonata in which the eyes are situated at the tips of the tentacles. It includes the common land snails and slugs. See Illust. under Snail.

Stylommatophorous

Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Stylommatophora.

Stylopodium

Sty`lo*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Stylopodia (#). [NL. See Style, and Podium.] (Bot.) An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous plants.

Stylops

Sty"lops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of minute insects parasitic, in their larval state, on bees and wasps. It is the typical genus of the group Strepsiptera, formerly considered a distinct order, but now generally referred to the Coleoptera. See Strepsiptera.

Stylus

Sty"lus (?), n. [L. stylus, or better stilus.] An instrument for writing. See Style, n., 1. <-- 2. That needle-shaped part at the tip of the playing arm of phonograph which sits in the groove of a phonograph record while it is turning, to detect the undulations in the phonograph groove and convert them into vibrations which are transmitted to a system (since 1920 electronic) which converts the signal into sound; also called needle. The stylus is frequently composed of metal or diamond. 3. The needle-like device used to cut the grooves which record the sound on the original disc during recording of a phonograph record. 4. (Computers) A pen-shaped pointing device used to specify the cursor position on a graphics tablet. -->

Styphnate

Styph"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of styphnic acid.

Styphnic

Styph"nic (?), a. [Gr. (spurious) sty`fein to contract.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline astringent acid, (NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on resorcin. Styphnic acid resembles picric acid, but is not bitter. It acts like a strong dibasic acid, having a series of well defined salts.

Styptic

Styp"tic (?), a. [L. stypticus, Gr. Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent. [Written also stiptic.] Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.

Styptic

Styp"tic, n. (Med.) A styptic medicine.

Styptical

Styp"tic*al (?), a. Styptic; astringent.

Stypticity

Styp*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. stypticit\'82.] The quality or state of being styptic; astringency.

Styracin

Styr"a*cin (?), n. [See Styrax.] (Chem.) A white crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum storax, and consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with cinnamic alcohol.

Styrax

Sty"rax (?), n. [L. styrax, storax, Gr. Storax.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or Asiatic, abounding in resinous and aromatic substances. Styrax officinalis yields storax, and S. Benzoin yields benzoin.

2. Same as Storax.

Styrol

Sty"rol (?), n. [Styrax + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) See Styrolene.

Styrolene

Sty"ro*lene (?), n. (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and cinnamene.<-- most commonly, styrene -->

Styrone

Sty"rone (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin; -- properly called cinnamic, ∨ styryl, alcohol.
Page 1432

Styryl

Sty"ryl (?), n. [Styrax + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical found in certain derivatives of styrolene and cinnamic acid; -- called also cinnyl, or cinnamyl.

Stythe

Stythe (?), n. (Mining) Choke damp.

Stythy

Styth"y (?), n. & v. See Stithy.

Styx

Styx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) The principal river of the lower world, which had to be crossed in passing to the regions of the dead.

Suability

Su`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. (Law) Liability to be sued; the state of being subjected by law to civil process.

Suable

Su"a*ble (?), a. (Law) Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer in court. Story.

Suade

Suade (?), v. t. [L. suadere.] To persuade. [Obs.]

Suadible

Suad"i*ble (?), a. [L. suadibilis.] Suasible. [Obs.] Wyclif (James iii. 17).

Suage

Suage (?), v. t. To assuage. [Obs.] Dryden.

Suant

Su"ant (?), a. [Cf. Sue to pursue.] Spread equally over the surface; uniform; even. [Written also suent.] [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.] -- Su"ant*ly, adv. [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.]

Suasible

Sua"si*ble (?), a. [L. suadere, suasum, to persuade.] Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.

Suasion

Sua"sion (?), n. [L. suasio, fr. suadere, suasum, to advise, persuade, fr. suadus persuading, persuasive; akin to suavis sweet: cf. OF. suasion. See Suave, and cf. Dissuade, Persuade.] The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.

Suasive

Sua"sive (?), a. Having power to persuade; persuasive; suasory. South. "Genial and suasive satire." Earle. -- Sua"sive*ly, adv.

Suasory

Sua"so*ry (?), a. [L. suasorius: cf. F. suasoire.] Tending to persuade; suasive.

Suave

Suave (?), a. [L. suavis sweet, pleasant: cf. F. suave. See Sweet, and cf. Suasion.] Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner; bland. -- Suave"ly, adv.

Suavify

Suav"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suavified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suavifying (?).] [Suave + -fy.] To make affable or suave.

Suaviloquent

Sua*vil"o*quent (?), a. [L. suaviloquens; suavis sweet + loquens, p.pr. of loqui to speak.] Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech. [R.]

Suaviloquy

Sua*vil"o*quy (?), n. [L. suaviloquium.] Sweetness of speech. [R.]

Suavity

Suav"i*ty (?), n. [L. suavitas: cf. F. suavit\'82.]

1. Sweetness to the taste. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; gentleness; urbanity; as, suavity of manners; suavity of language, conversation, or address. Glanvill.

Sub-

Sub- (?). [L. sub under, below; akin to Gr. upa to, on, under, over. Cf. Hypo-, Super-.]

1. A prefix signifying under, below, beneath, and hence often, in an inferior position or degree, in an imperfect or partial state, as in subscribe, substruct, subserve, subject, subordinate, subacid, subastringent, subgranular, suborn. Sub- in Latin compounds often becomes sum- before m, sur before r, and regularly becomes suc-, suf-, sug-, and sup- before c, f, g, and p respectively. Before c, p, and t it sometimes takes form sus- (by the dropping of b from a collateral form, subs-).

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the ingredient (of a compound) signified by the term to which it is prefixed,is present in only a small proportion, or less than the normal amount; as, subsulphide, suboxide, etc. Prefixed to the name of a salt it is equivalent to basic; as, subacetate or basic acetate. [Obsoles.]

Sub

Sub, n. A subordinate; a subaltern. [Colloq.]

Subacid

Sub*ac"id (?), a. [L. subacidus. See Sub-, Acid.] Moderately acid or sour; as, some plants have subacid juices. -- n. A substance moderately acid.

Subacrid

Sub*ac"rid (?), a. Moderalely acrid or harsh.

Subacromial

Sub`a*cro"mi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated beneath the acromial process of the scapula.

Subact

Sub*act" (?), v. t. [L. subactus, p.p. of subigere to subdue; sub under + agere to lead, bring.] To reduce; to subdue. [Obs.] Bacon.

Subaction

Sub*ac"tion (?), n. [Cf. L. subactio a working up, discipline.] The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies combletely. [Obs.] Bacon.

Subacute

Sub`a*cute" (?), a. Moderalely acute.

Subaduncate

Sub`a*dun"cate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Somewhat hooked or curved.

Subadvocate

Sub*ad"vo*cate (?), n. An under or subordinate advocate.

Suba\'89rial

Sub`a*\'89"ri*al (?), a. Beneath the sky; in the open air; specifically (Geol.), taking place on the earth's surface, as opposed to subaqueous.

Subagency

Sub*a"gen*cy (?), n. A subordinate agency.

Subagent

Sub*a"gent (?), n. (Law) A person employed by an agent to transact the whole, or a part, of the business intrusted to the latter. Bouvier. Chitty.

Subagitation

Sub*ag`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. subagitatio, fr. subagitare to lie with illicity.] Unlawful sexual intercourse. [Obs.]

Subash

Su"bash (?), n. [Per. & Hinf. s.] A province; a government, as of a viceroy; also, a subahdar. [India]

Subashdar

Su"bash*dar (?), n. [Per. & Hinf. s, Per. s a province + d\'ber holding, keeping.] A viceroy; a governor of a subah; also, a native captain in the British native army. [India]

Subashdary, Subashship

Su"bash*dar`y (?), Su"bash*ship (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a subahdar.

Subaid

Sub*aid" (?), v. t. To aid secretly; to assist in a private manner, or indirectly. [R.] Daniel.

Subalmoner

Sub*al"mon*er (?), n. An under almoner.

Subalpine

Sub*al"pine (?), a. [L. subalpinus.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Inhabiting the somewhat high slopes and summits of mountains, but considerably below the snow line.

Subaltern

Sub*al"tern (?), a. [F. subalterne, LL. subalternus, fr. L. sub under + alter the one, the other of two. See Alter.]

1. Ranked or ranged below; subordinate; inferior; specifically (Mil.), ranking as a junior officer; being below the rank of captain; as, a subaltern officer.

2. (Logic) Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related proposition.

Subaltern genus. (Logic) See under Genus.

Subaltern

Sub*al"tern (?), n.

1. A person holding a subordinate position; specifically, a commissioned military officer below the rank of captain.

2. (Logic) A subaltern proposition. Whately.

Subalternant

Sub`al*ter"nant (?), n. (Logic) A universal proposition. See Subaltern, 2. Whately.

Subalternate

Sub`al*ter"nate (?), a.

1. Succeeding by turns; successive.

2. Subordinate; subaltern; inferior.

All their subalternate and several kinds. Evelyn.

Subalternate

Sub`al*ter"nate, n. (Logic) A particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one. See Subaltern, 2.

Subalternating

Sub*al"ter*na`ting (?), a. Subalternate; successive.

Subalternation

Sub*al"ter*na`tion (?), n. The state of being subalternate; succession of turns; subordination.

Subangular

Sub*an"gu*lar (?), a. Slightly angular.

Subapennine

Sub*ap"en*nine (?), a. Under, or at the foot of, the Apennine mountains; -- applied, in geology, to a series of Tertiary strata of the older Pliocene period.

Subapical

Sub*ap"ic*al (?), a. Being under the apex; of or pertaining to the part just below the apex.

Subaquaneous

Sub`a*qua"ne*ous (?), a. [L. subaquaneus; sub + aqua water.] Subaqueous. [Obs.]

Subaquatic, Subaqueous

Sub`a*quat"ic (?), Sub*a"que*ous (?), a.

1. Being under water, or beneath the surface of water; adapted for use under water; submarine; as, a subaqueous helmet.

2. (Geol.) Formed in or under water; as, subaqueous deposits.

Subarachnoid, Subarachnoidal

Sub`a*rach"noid (?), Sub*ar`ach*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the arachnoid membrane.

Subarctic

Sub*arc"tic (?), a. Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the arctic circle.

Subarcuate, Subarcuated

Sub*ar"cu*ate (?), Sub*ar"cu*a`ted (?), a. Having a figure resembling that of a bow; somewhat curved or arched.

Subarration

Sub`ar*ra"tion (?), n. [Pref. sub- + L. arra, arrha, earnest money. See Earnest a pledge.] The ancient custom of betrothing by the bestowal, on the part of the man, of marriage gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or other presents, upon the woman.

Subarytenoid

Sub`a*ryt"e*noid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx.

Subastral

Sub*as"tral (?), a. Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial. Bp. Warburton.

Subastringent

Sub`as*trin"gent (?), a. Somewhat astringent.

Subatom

Sub*at"om (?), n. (Chem.) A hypothetical component of a chemical atom, on the theory that the elements themselves are complex substances; -- called also atomicule. <-- Add subatomic particles -- protons, neutrons, gluons, quarks, etc. -->

Subaud

Sub*aud" (?), v. t. [L. subaudire, subauditum; sub under + audire to hear.] To understand or supply in an ellipsis. [R.]

Subaudition

Sub`au*di"tion (?), n. [L. subauditio.] The act of understanding, or supplying, something not expressed; also, that which is so understood or supplied. Trench.

Subaxillary

Sub*ax"il*la*ry (?), a.

1. (Anat.) Situated under the axilla, or armpit.

2. (Bot.) Placed under the axil, or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the stem, or a leaf with the branch.

Subbasal

Sub*ba"sal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Near the base.

Sub-base

Sub"-base` (?), n. (Arch.) The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.

Sub-bass

Sub"-bass`, n. (Mus.) The deepest pedal stop, or the lowest tones of an organ; the fundamental or ground bass. [Written also sub-base.] Ayliffe.

Subbeadle

Sub*bea"dle (?), n. An under beadle.

Subbrachial

Sub*brach"i*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the subbrachians.

Subbrachiales

Sub*brach`i*a"les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Sub-, and Brachial.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of soft-finned fishes in which the ventral fins are situated beneath the pectorial fins, or nearly so.

Subbrachian

Sub*brach"i*an (?), n. [Pref. sub- + brachium.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Subbrachiales.

Subbreed

Sub"breed` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A race or strain differing in certain characters from the parent breed; an incipient breed.

Subbronchial

Sub*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the bronchi; as, the subbronchial air sacs of birds.

Subcaliber

Sub*cal"i*ber (?), a. Smaller than the caliber of a firearm. [Written also subcalibre.] Subcaliber projectile, a projectile having a smaller diameter than the caliber of the arm from which it is fired, and to which it is fitted by means of a sabot. Knight.

Subcarboniferous

Sub*car`bon*if"er*ous (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Carboniferous formations underlying the proper coal measures. It was a marine formation characterized in general by beds of limestone. -- n. The Subcarboniferous period or formation.

Subcarbureted

Sub*car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) United with, or containing, carbon in less than the normal proportion. [Written also subcarburetted.] [Obsoles.]

Subcartilaginous

Sub*car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under or beneath a cartilage or cartilages. (b) Partially cartilaginous.

Subcaudal

Sub*cau"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the tail; as, the subcaudal, or chevron, bones.

Subcelestial

Sub`ce*les"tial (?), a. Being beneath the heavens; as, subcelestial glories. Barrow.

Subcentral

Sub*cen"tral (?), a.

1. Under the center.

2. Nearly central; not quite central.

Subchanter

Sub*chant"er (?), n. (Eccl.) An underchanter; a precentor's deputy in a cathedral; a succentor.

Subcircular

Sub*cir"cu*lar (?), a. Nearly circular.

Subclass

Sub"class` (?), n. One of the natural groups, more important than an order, into which some classes are divided; as, the angiospermous subclass of exogens.

Subclavian

Sub*cla"vi*an (?), a. [Pref. sub- + L. clavis a key. See Clavicle.] (Anat.) Situated under the clavicle, or collar bone; as, the subclavian arteries.

Subcolumnar

Sub`co*lum"nar (?), a. (Geol.) Having an imperfect or interrupted columnar structure.

Subcommittee

Sub`com*mit"tee (?), n. An under committee; a part or division of a committee.
Yet by their sequestrators and subcommittees abroad . . . those orders were commonly disobeyed. Milton.

Subcompressed

Sub`com*pressed" (?), a. Not fully compressed; partially or somewhat compressed.

Subconcave

Sub*con"cave (?), a. Slightly concave. Owen.

Subconformable

Sub`con*form"a*ble (?), a. Partially conformable.

Subconical

Sub*con"ic*al (?), a. Slightly conical.

Subconjunctival

Sub*con`junc*ti"val (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the conjunctiva.

Subconscious

Sub*con"scious (?), a.

1. Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an attendant consciousness; -- said of states of the soul.

2. Partially conscious; feebly conscious.

Subconstellation

Sub*con`stel*la"tion (?), n. (Astron.) A subordinate constellation. Sir T. Browne.

Subcontract

Sub*con"tract (?), n. A contract under, or subordinate to, a previous contract.

Subcontracted

Sub`con*tract"ed (?), a.

1. Contracted after a former contract.

2. Betrothed for the second time. [Obs.] Shak.

Subcontractor

Sub`con*tract"or (?), n. One who takes a portion of a contract, as for work, from the principal contractor.

Subcontrary

Sub*con"tra*ry (?), a.

1. Contrary in an inferior degree.

2. (Geom.) Having, or being in, a contrary order; -- said of a section of an oblique cone having a circular base made by a plane not parallel to the base, but so inclined to the axis that the section is a circle; applied also to two similar triangles when so placed as to have a common angle at the vertex, the opposite sides not being parallel. Brande & C.

3. (Logic) Denoting the relation of opposition between the particular affirmative and particular negative. Of these both may be true and only one can be false.

Subcontrary

Sub*con"tra*ry, n.; pl. Subcontraries (. (Logic) A subcontrary proposition; a proposition inferior or contrary in a lower degree.

Subcoracoid

Sub*cor"a*coid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the coracoid process of the scapula; as, the subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus.

Subcordate

Sub*cor"date (?), a. Somewhat cordate; somewhat like a heart in shape.

Subcorneous

Sub*cor"ne*ous (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under a horny part or layer. (b) Partially horny.

Subcostal

Sub*cos"tal (?), a. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Situated below the costas, or ribs; as, the subcostal muscles. &hand; The subcostal muscles are distinct from, and within, the intercostal.

Subcostal

Sub*cos"tal, n.

1. (Anat.) A subcostal muscle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the principal nervures of the wings of an insect. It is situated next beneath or behind the costal. See Nervure.

Subcranial

Sub*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the cranium; facial.

Subcrustaceous

Sub`crus*ta"ceous (?), a. Occurring beneath a crust or scab; as, a subcrustaceous cicatrization.

Subcrystalline

Sub*crys"tal*line (?), a. Imperfectly crystallized.

Subcultrate, Subcultrated

Sub*cul"trate (?), Sub*cul"tra*ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a form resembling that of a colter, or straight on one side and curved on the other.

Subcutaneous

Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. Situated under the skin; hypodermic. -- Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. Subcutaneous operation (Surg.), an operation performed without opening that part of the skin opposite to, or over, the internal section. <-- subcutaneous injection, (Med) an injection method in which the injected liquid is delivered directly under the skin, as contrasted with intramuscular or intravenous injection. Also called subdermal injection. -->

Subcuticular

Sub`cu*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the cuticle, or scarfskin.

Subcylindrical, Subcylindric

Sub`cy*lin"dric*al (?), Sub`cy*lin"dric (?), a. Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.

Subdeacon

Sub*dea"con (?), n. [Pref. sub- + deacon: cf. L. subdiaconus.] (Eccl.) One belonging to an order in the Roman Catholic Church, next interior to the order of deacons; also, a member of a minor order in the Greek Church.

Subdeaconry, Subdeaconship

Sub*dea"con*ry (?), Sub*dea"con*ship, n. (Eccl.) The order or office of subdeacon.

Subdean

Sub"dean` (?), n. [Pref. sub- + dean: cf. F. sousdoyen.] An under dean; the deputy or substitute of a dean. Ayliffe.

Subdeanery

Sub*dean"er*y (?), n. Office or rank of subdean.

Subdecanal

Sub*dec"a*nal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a subdean or subdeanery.

Subdecuple

Sub*dec"u*ple (?), a. Containing one part of ten.

Subdelegate

Sub*del"e*gate (?), n. A subordinate delegate, or one with inferior powers.

Subdelegate

Sub*del"e*gate (?), v. t. To appoint to act as subdelegate, or as a subordinate; to depete.

Subdented

Sub*dent"ed (?), a. Indented beneath.

Subdepartment

Sub`de*part"ment (?), n. A subordinate department; a bureau. See the Note under Bureau.
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Subdeposit

Sub`de*pos"it (?), n. That which is deposited beneath something else.

Subderisorious

Sub`der*i*so"ri*ous (?), a. [Pref. sub- + L. derisorius. See Derisory.] Ridiculing with moderation. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Subderivative

Sub`de*riv"a*tive (?), n. A word derived from a derivative, and not directly from the root; as, "friendliness" is a subderivative, being derived from "friendly", which is in turn a derivative from "friend."

Subdiaconate

Sub`di*ac"o*nate (?), a. Of or pertaining to a subdeacon, or to the office or rank of a subdeacon.

Subdiaconate

Sub`di*ac"o*nate, n. The office or rank of a subdeacon.

Subdial

Sub*di"al (?), a. [L. subdialis in the open air.] Of or pertaining to the open air; being under the open sky. [R.] N. Bacon.

Subdialect

Sub*di"a*lect (?), n. A subordinate dialect.

Subdichotomy

Sub`di*chot"o*my (?), n. A subordinate, or inferior, division into parts; a subdivision. [R.]
Many subdichatomies of petty schisms. Milton.

Subdilated

Sub`di*lat"ed (?), a. Partially dilated.

Subdititious

Sub`di*ti"tious (?), a. [L. subdititius, subditicius, fr. subdere to substitute.] Put secretly in the place of something else; foisted in. [R.]

Subdiversify

Sub`di*ver"si*fy (?), v. t. To diversify aggain what is already diversified. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Subdivide

Sub`di*vide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdivided (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subdividing.] [L. subdividere, sub under + dividere to divide. See Divide.] To divide the parts of (anything) into more parts; to part into smaller divisions; to divide again, as what has already been divided.
The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those colonies were subdivided into many others. Dryden.

Subdivide

Sub`di*vide", v. i. To be, or to become, subdivided.

Subdivine

Sub`di*vine" (?), a. Partaking of divinity; divine in a partial or lower degree. Bp. Hall.

Subdivisible

Sub`di*vis"i*ble (?), a. Susceptible of subdivision.

Subdivision

Sub`di*vi"sion (?), n. [L. subdivisio: cf. F. subdivision.]

1. The act of subdividing, or separating a part into smaller parts.

2. A part of a thing made by subdividing.

In the decimal table, the subdivision of the cubit, as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit. Arbuthnot.

Subdolous

Sub"do*lous (?), a. [L. subdolus, sub + dolus deceit.] Sly; crafty; cunning; artful. [R.]

Subdominant

Sub*dom"i*nant (?), n. (Mus.) The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the tonic; -- so called as being under the dominant.

Subduable

Sub*du"a*ble (?), a. Able to be subdued.

Subdual

Sub*du"al (?), n. Act of subduing. Bp. Warburton.

Subduce, Subduct

Sub*duce" (?), Sub*duct" (?), v. t. [L. subducere, subductum; sub under + ducere to lead, to draw. See Duke, and cf. Subdue.]

1. To withdraw; to take away. Milton.

2. To subtract by arithmetical operation; to deduct.

If, out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations, we should subduce ten. Sir M. Hale.

Subduction

Sub*duc"tion (?), n. [L. subductio.]

1. The act of subducting or taking away. Bp. Hall.

2. Arithmetical subtraction. Sir M. Hale.

Subdue

Sub*due" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subduing.] [OE. soduen, OF. sosduire to seduce, L. subtus below (fr. sub under) + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Subduct.]

1. To bring under; to conquer by force or the exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion; to vanquish.

I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chron. xvii. 10.

2. To overpower so as to disable from further resistance; to crush.

Nothing could have subdued nature To such a lowness, but his unkind daughters. Shak.
If aught . . . were worthy to subdue The soul of man. Milton.

3. To destroy the force of; to overcome; as, medicines subdue a fever.

4. To render submissive; to bring under command; to reduce to mildness or obedience; to tame; as, to subdue a stubborn child; to subdue the temper or passions.

5. To overcome, as by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue opposition by argument or entreaties.

6. To reduce to tenderness; to melt; to soften; as, to subdue ferocity by tears.

7. To make mellow; to break, as land; also, to destroy, as weeds.

8. To reduce the intensity or degree of; to tone down; to soften; as, to subdue the brilliancy of colors. Syn. -- To conquer; overpower; overcome; surmount; vanquish. See Conquer.

Subdued

Sub*dued" (?), a.

1. Conquered; overpowered; crushed; submissive; mild.

2. Not glaring in color; soft in tone.

Subduement

Sub*due"ment (?), n. Subdual. [Obs.] Shak.

Subduer

Sub*du"er (?), n. One who, or that which, subdues; a conqueror. Spenser.

Subdulcid

Sub*dul"cid (?), a. [Pref. sub + L. dulcis sweet.] Somewhat sweet; sweetish. [R.]

Subduple

Sub"du*ple (?), a. (Math.) Indicating one part of two; in the ratio of one to two. Subduple ratio, the ratio of 1 to 2: thus, 3:6 is a subduple ratio, as 6:3 is a duple ratio.

Subduplicate

Sub*du"pli*cate (?), a. (Math.) Expressed by the square root; -- said of ratios. Subduplicate ratio, the ratio of the square roots, or the square root of a ratio; thus, the subduplicate ratio of a to b is \'fba to \'fbb, or \'fba/b.

Subdural

Sub*du"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the dura mater, or between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane.

Subeditor

Sub*ed"i*tor (?), n. An assistant editor, as of a periodical or journal.

Subelongate

Sub`e*lon"gate (?), a. Not fully elongated; somewhat elongated.

Subendocardial

Sub*en`do*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the endocardium.

Subendymal

Sub*en"dy*mal (?), a. [Pref. sub + endyma.] Situated under the endyma.

Subepidermal

Sub*ep`i*der"mal (?), a. Situated immediately below the epidermis.

Subepiglottic

Sub*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the epiglottis.

Subepithelial

Sub*ep`i*the"li*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the epithelium.

Subequal

Sub*e"qual (?), a. Nearly equal.

Suberate

Su"ber*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. sub\'82rate.] (Chem.) A salt of suberic acid.

Subereous

Su*be"re*ous (?), a. [L. subereus of the cork tree.] Of or pertaining to cork; of the nature of cork; suberose.

Suberic

Su*ber"ic (?), a. [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. sub\'82reque.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid, C

Suberin

Su"ber*in (?), n. [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. sub\'82rine.] (Bot.) A material found in the cell walls of cork. It is a modification of lignin.

Suberite

Su"ber*ite (?), n. [L. suber the cork tree.] (Zo\'94l.) Any sponge of the genus Suberites and allied genera. These sponges have a fine and compact texture, and contain minute siliceous spicules.

Suberone

Su"ber*one (?), n. (Chem.) (a) The hypothetical ketone of suberic acid. (b) A colorless liquid, analogous suberone proper, having a pleasant peppermint odor. It is obtained by the distillation of calcium suberate.

Suberose, Suberous

Su"ber*ose` (?), Su"ber*ous (?), a. [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. sub\'82reux.] (Bot.) Having a corky texture.

Subesophageal

Sub*e`so*phag"e*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Situated beneath the esophagus. [Written also sub\'d2sophageal.] Subesophageal ganglion (Zo\'94l.), a large special ganglion situated beneath the esophagus of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

Subfamily

Sub*fam"i*ly (?), n. (Biol.) One of the subdivisions, of more importance than genus, into which certain families are divided.

Subfibrous

Sub*fi"brous (?), a. Somewhat fibrous.

Subfuscous

Sub*fus"cous (?), a. [L. subfuscus, suffuscus. See Sub-, and Fuscous.] Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.

Subfusk

Sub*fusk" (?), a. Subfuscous. [Obs.] Tatler.

Subgelatinous

Sub`ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. Imperfectly or partially gelatinous.

Subgeneric

Sub`ge*ner"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a subgenus.

Subgenus

Sub*ge"nus (?), n.; pl. Subgenera (. (Biol.) A subdivision of a genus, comprising one or more species which differ from other species of the genus in some important character or characters; as, the azaleas now constitute a subgenus of Rhododendron.

Subglacial

Sub*gla"cial (?), a. Pertaining or belonging to the under side of a glacier; being beneath a glacier; as, subglacial streams.

Subglobose

Sub`glo*bose" (?), a. Not quite globose.

Subglobular

Sub*glob"u*lar (?), a. Nearly globular.

Subglossal

Sub*glos"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the tongue; sublingual.

Subglottic

Sub*glot"tic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated below the glottis; -- applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx below the true vocal cords.

Subglumaceous

Sub`glu*ma"ceous (?), a. Somewhat glumaceous.

Subgovernor

Sub*gov"ern*or (?), n. A subordinate or assistant governor.

Subgranular

Sub*gran"u*lar (?), a. Somewhat granular.

Subgroup

Sub"group` (?), n. (Biol.) A subdivision of a group, as of animals. Darwin.

Subhastation

Sub`has*ta"tion (?), n. [L. subhastatio.] A public sale or auction. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

Subhepatic

Sub`he*pat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the liver; -- applied to the interlobular branches of the portal vein.

Subhornblendic

Sub`horn*blend"ic (?), a. (Min.) Containing hornblende in a scattered state; of or relating to rocks containing disseminated hornblende.

Subhumerate

Sub*hu"mer*ate (?), v. t. [See Sub-, Humerus.] To place the shoulders under; to bear. [Obs.]
Nothing surer ties a friend than freely to subhumerate the burden which was his. Feltham.

Subhyaloid

Sub*hy"a*loid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the hyaliod membrane.

Subhyoidean

Sub`hy*oid"e*an (?), a. (Anat. & Med.) Situated or performed beneath the hyoid bone; as, subhyoidean laryngotomy.

Subimago

Sub`i*ma"go (?), n. [NL. See Sub-, and Imago.] (Zo\'94l.) A stage in the development of certain insects, such as the May flies, intermediate between the pupa and imago. In this stage, the insect is able to fly, but subsequently sheds a skin before becoming mature. Called also pseudimago.

Subincusation

Sub*in`cu*sa"tion (?), n. [Pref. sub + L. incusatio accusation, fr. incusare to accuse.] A slight charge or accusation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Subindex

Sub*in"dex (?), n.; pl. Subindices (. (Math.) A number or mark placed opposite the lower part of a letter or symbol to distinguish the symbol; thus, a0, b1, c2, xn, have 0, 1, 2, and n as subindices.

Subindicate

Sub*in"di*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. sub + indicate: cf. L. subindicare.] To indicate by signs or hints; to indicate imperfectly. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Subindication

Sub*in`di*ca"tion (?), n. The act of indicating by signs; a slight indication. [R.] "The subindication and shadowing of heavenly things." Barrow.

Subindividual

Sub*in`di*vid"u*al (?), n. A division of that which is individual.
An individual can not branch itself into subindividuals. Milton.

Subinduce

Sub`in*duce" (?), v. t. To insinuate; to offer indirectly. [Obs.] Sir E. Dering.

Subibfer

Sub`ib*fer" (?), v. t. & i. To infer from an inference already made. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Subinfeudation

Sub*in`feu*da"tion (?), n. (Law) (a) The granting of lands by inferior lords to their dependents, to be held by themselves by feudal tenure. Craig. (b) Subordinate tenancy; undertenancy.
The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of subinfeudation, or undertenancy. Blackstone.

Subingression

Sub`in*gres"sion (?), n. Secret entrance. [R.] Boyle.

Subintestinal

Sub`in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the intestine.

Subinvolution

Sub*in`vo*lu"tion (?), n. Partial or incomplete involution; as, subinvolution of the uterus.

Subitaneous

Sub`i*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. subitaneus. See Sudden.] Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Bullokar. -- Sub`i*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Subitany

Sub"i*ta*ny (?), a. Subitaneous; sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Hales.

Subito

Su"bi*to (?), adv. [It. & L.] (Mus.) In haste; quickly; rapidly.

Subjacent

Sub*ja"cent (?), a. [L. subjacens, p.pr. of subjacere to lie under; sub under + jacere to lie.]

1. Lying under or below.

2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath; as, hills and subjacent valleys.

Subject

Sub*ject" (?), a. [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in which the first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under), subgiet, subject, F. sujet, from L. subjectus lying under, subjected, p.p. of subjicere, subicere, to throw, lay, place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Placed under the power of another; specifically (International Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.

Esau was never subject to Jacob. Locke.

3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme heat; men subject to temptation.

All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.

4. Obedient; submissive.

Put them in mind to be subject to principalities. Titus iii. 1.
Syn. -- Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See Liable.

Subject

Sub*ject", n. [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F. sujet. See Subject, a.]

1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else.

2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States.

Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a subject. Shak.
The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws require it. Swift.
&hand; In international law, the term subject is convertible with citizen.

3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection. <-- also, an animal or person which is studied in a scientific experiment. -->

4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done. "This subject for heroic song." Milton.

Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. Dryden.
The unhappy subject of these quarrels. Shak.

5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character.

Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject. C. Middleton.

6. (Logic & Gram.) That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb.

The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is affirmed or denied. I. Watts.

7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum.

That which manifests its qualities -- in other words, that in which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong -- is called their subject or substance, or substratum. Sir W. Hamilton.

8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2.

The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the same thing. Sir W. Hamilton.

9. (Mus.) The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based.

The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. Rockstro.

10. (Fine Arts) The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.

Subject

Sub*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjected (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subjecting.]

1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to subdue.

Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason. C. Middleton.
In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie. Pope.

2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a person to impositions.

3. To submit; to make accountable.

God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts. Locke.

4. To make subservient.

Subjected to his service angel wings. Milton.

5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.

Page 1434

Subjected

Sub*ject"ed (?), a.

1. Subjacent. "Led them direct . . . to the subjected plain." [Obs.] Milton.

2. Reduced to subjection; brought under the dominion of another.

3. Exposed; liable; subject; obnoxious.

Subjection

Sub*jec"tion (?), n. [L. subjectio: cf. OF. subjection, F. subj\'82tion. See Subject, a.]

1. The act of subjecting, or of bringing under the dominion of another; the act of subduing.

The conquest of the kingdom, and subjection of the rebels. Sir M. Hale.

2. The state of being subject, or under the power, control, and government of another; a state of obedience or submissiveness; as, the safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. "To be bound under subjection." Chaucer.

Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands. 1 Peter iii. 1.
Because the subjection of the body to the will is by natural necessity, the subjection of the will unto God voluntary, we stand in need of direction after what sort our wills and desires may be rightly conformed to His. Hooker.

Subjectist

Sub"ject*ist (?), n. (Metaph.) One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.

Subjective

Sub*jec"tive (?), a. [L. subjectivus: cf. F. subjectif.]

1. Of or pertaining to a subject.

2. Especially, pertaining to, or derived from, one's own consciousness, in distinction from external observation; ralating to the mind, or intellectual world, in distinction from the outward or material excessively occupied with, or brooding over, one's own internal states. &hand; In the philosophy of the mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego; objective, what belongs to the object of thought, the non-ego. See Objective, a., 2. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. (Lit. & Art) Modified by, or making prominent, the individuality of a writer or an artist; as, a subjective drama or painting; a subjective writer. Syn. -- See Objective.

He is the most subjected, the most Locke.
Subjective sensation (Physiol.), one of the sensations occurring when stimuli due to internal causes excite the nervous apparatus of the sense organs, as when a person imagines he sees figures which have no objective reality. -- Sub*jec"tive*ly, adv. -- Sub*jec"tive*ness, n.

Subjectivism

Sub*jec"tiv*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) Any philosophical doctrine which refers all knowledge to, and founds it upon, any subjective states; egoism.

Subjectivist

Sub*jec"tiv*ist, n. (Metaph.) One who holds to subjectivism; an egoist.

Subjectivity

Sub`jec*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being subjective; character of the subject.

Subjectless

Sub"ject*less (?), a. Having no subject.

Subject-matter

Sub"ject-mat`ter (?), n. The matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study.
As to the subject-matter, words are always to be understood as having a regard thereto. Blackstone.
As science makes progress in any subject-matter, poetry recedes from it. J. H. Newman.

Subjectness

Sub"ject*ness, n. Quality of being subject. [R.]

Subjicible

Sub*jic"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being subjected. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Subjoin

Sub*join" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjoined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subjoining.] [Cf. OF. subjoindre, L. subjungere. See Sub-, and Join, and cf. Subjective.] To add after something else has been said or written; to ANNEX; as, to subjoin an argument or reason. Syn. -- To add; annex; join; unite.

Subjoinder

Sub*join"der (?), n. An additional remark. [R.]

Sub judice

Sub ju"di*ce (?). [L.] Before the judge, or court; not yet decided; under judicial consideration.

Subjugate

Sub"ju*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjugated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subjugating.] [L. subjugatus, p.p. of subjugare to subjugate; sub under + jugum a yoke. See Yoke.] To subdue, and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government or absolute control of another; to vanquish.
He subjugated a king, and called him his "vassal." Baker.
Syn. -- To conquer; subdue; overcome. See Conquer.

Subjugation

Sub`ju*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. subjugation, LL. subjugatio.] The act of subjugating, or the state of being subjugated.

Subjugator

Sub"ju*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] One who subjugates; a conqueror.

Subjunction

Sub*junc"tion (?), n. [See Subjunctive.]

1. Act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.

2. Something subjoined; as, a subjunction to a sentence.

Subjunctive

Sub*junc"tive (?), a. [L. subjunctivus, fr. subjungere, subjunctum, to subjoin: cf. F. subjonctif. See Subjoin.] Subjoined or added to something before said or written. Subjunctive mood (Gram.), that form of a verb which express the action or state not as a fact, but only as a conception of the mind still contingent and dependent. It is commonly subjoined, or added as subordinate, to some other verb, and in English is often connected with it by if, that, though, lest, unless, except, until, etc., as in the following sentence: "If there were no honey, they [bees] would have no object in visiting the flower." Lubbock. In some languages, as in Latin and Greek, the subjunctive is often independent of any other verb, being used in wishes, commands, exhortations, etc.

Subjunctive

Sub*junc"tive, n. (Gram.) The subjunctive mood; also, a verb in the subjunctive mood.

Subkingdom

Sub*king"dom (?), n. One of the several primary divisions of either the animal, or vegetable kingdom, as, in zo\'94logy, the Vertebrata, Tunicata, Mollusca, Articulata, Molluscoidea, Echinodermata, C\'d2lentera, and the Protozoa; in botany, the Phanerogamia, and the Cryptogamia.

Sublapsarian

Sub`lap*sa"ri*an (?), n. & a. [Pref. sub + lapse: cf. F. sublapsarien, sublapsarie.] (Eccl. Hist.) Same as Infralapsarian.

Sublapsarianism

Sub`lap*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. Infralapsarianism.

Sublapsary

Sub*lap"sa*ry (?), a. Sublapsarian. Johnson.

Sublate

Sub"late (?), v. t. [From sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away. See Tolerate.] To take or carry away; to remove. [R.] E. Hall.

Sublation

Sub*la"tion (?), n. [L. sublatio, fr. sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away.] The act of taking or carrying away; removal. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Sublative

Sub"la*tive (?), a. Having power, or tending, to take away. [R.] Harris.

Sublease

Sub"lease` (?), n. (Law) A lease by a tenant or lessee to another person; an underlease. Bouvier.

Sublessee

Sub`les*see" (?), n. A holder of a sublease.

Sublet

Sub*let" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublet; p. pr. & vb. n. Subletting.] To underlet; to lease, as when a lessee leases to another person.

Sublevation

Sub`le*va"tion (?), n. [L. sublevare to lift up; sub under + levare to lift, raise: cf. L. sublevatio an allevation.]

1. The act of raising on high; elevation. Sir T. More.

2. An uprising; an insurrection. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

Sublibrarian

Sub`li*bra"ri*an (?), n. An under or assistant librarian.

Sublieutenant

Sub`lieu*ten"ant (?), n. [Pref. sub + lieutenant: cf. F. sous-lieutenant.] An inferior or second lieutenant; in the British service, a commissioned officer of the lowest rank.

Subligation

Sub`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L. subligatio, from subligare to bind below; sub under + ligare to bind.] The act of binding underneath. [R.]

Sublimable

Sub*lim"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. sublimable. See Sublime., v. t.] Capable of being sublimed or sublimated. -- Sub*lim"a*ble*ness, n. Boyle.

Sublimate

Sub"li*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sublimating.] [L. sublimatus, p.p. of sublimare to raise, elevate, fr. sublimis high: cf. F. sublimer. See Sublime, a., and cf. Surlime, v. t.]

1. To bring by heat into the state of vapor, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state; as, to sublimate sulphur or camphor.

2. To refine and exalt; to heighten; to elevate.

The precepts of Christianity are . . . so apt to cleanse and sublimate the more gross and corrupt. Dr. H. More.

Sublimate

Sub"li*mate (?), n. [LL. sublimatum.] (Chem.) A product obtained by sublimation; hence, also, a purified product so obtained. Corrosive sublimate. (Chem.) See under Corrosive.

Sublimate

Sub"li*mate, a. [LL. sublimatus.] Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and again condensed as a solid.

Sublimated

Sub"li*ma`ted (?), a. Refined by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified.
[Words] whose weight best suits a sublimated strain. Dryden.

Sublimation

Sub"li*ma`tion (?), n. [LL. sublimatio: cf. F. sublimation.]

1. (Chem.) The act or process of subliming, or the state or result of being sublimed. <-- the process of vaporizing a solid and recondensing it into a solid, without it having first passed into the liquid state. Certain solids, such as camphor, have a suffiently high vapor pressure in the solid phase to make this a practical method for purification. -->

2. The act of heightening or improving; exaltation; elevation; purification.

3. That which is sublimed; the product of a purifying process.

Religion is the perfection, refinement, and sublimation of morality. South.

Sublimatory

Sub"li*ma*to*ry (?), a. Used for sublimation; as, sublimatory vessels. Boyle.

Sublimatory

Sub"li*ma*to*ry, n. A vessel used for sublimation.
Vials, crosslets, and sublimatories. Chaucer.

Sublime

Sub*lime" (?), a. [Compar. Sublimer (?); superl. Sublimest.] [L. sublimis; sub under + (perhaps) a word akin to limen lintel, sill, thus meaning, up to the lintel: cf. F. sublime. Cf. Eliminate.]

1. Lifted up; high in place; exalted aloft; uplifted; lofty.

Sublime on these a tower of steel is reared. Dryden.

2. Distinguished by lofty or noble traits; eminent; -- said of persons. "The sublime Julian leader." De Quincey.

3. Awakening or expressing the emotion of awe, adoration, veneration, heroic resolve, etc.; dignified; grand; solemn; stately; -- said of an impressive object in nature, of an action, of a discourse, of a work of art, of a spectacle, etc.; as, sublime scenery; a sublime deed.

Easy in words thy style, in sense sublime. Prior.
Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow.

4. Elevated by joy; elate. [Poetic]

Their hearts were jocund and sublime, Drunk with idolatry, drunk with wine. Milton.

5. Lofty of mien; haughty; proud. [Poetic] "Countenance sublime and insolent." Spenser.

His fair, large front and eye sublime declared Absolute rule. Milton.
Syn. -- Exalted; lofty; noble; majestic. See Grand.

Sublime

Sub*lime", n. That which is sublime; -- with the definite article; as: (a) A grand or lofty style in speaking or writing; a style that expresses lofty conceptions.
The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrase. Addison.
(b) That which is grand in nature or art, as distinguished from the merely beautiful.

Sublime

Sub*lime", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subliming.] [Cf. L. sublimare, F. sublimer to subject to sublimation. See Sublime, a., and cf. Sublimate, v. t.]

1. To raise on high. [Archaic]

A soul sublimed by an idea above the region of vanity and conceit. E. P. Whipple.

2. (Chem.) To subject to the process of sublimation; to heat, volatilize, and condense in crystals or powder; to distill off, and condense in solid form; hence, also, to purify.

3. To exalt; to heighten; to improve; to purify.

The sun . . . Which not alone the southern wit sublimes, But ripens spirits in cold, northern climes. Pope.

4. To dignify; to ennoble.

An ordinary gift can not sublime a person to a supernatural employment. Jer. Taylor.

Sublime

Sub*lime" (?), v. i. (Chem.) To pass off in vapor, with immediate condensation; specifically, to evaporate or volatilize from the solid state without apparent melting; -- said of those substances, like arsenic, benzoic acid, etc., which do not exhibit a liquid form on heating, except under increased pressure.

Sublimed

Sub*limed" (?), a. (Chem.) Having been subjected to the process of sublimation; hence, also, purified. "Sublimed mercurie." Chaucer.

Sublimely

Sub*lime"ly (?), adv. In a sublime manner.

Sublimeness

Sub*lime"ness, n. The quality or state of being sublime; sublimity.

Sublimification

Sub*lim`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. sublimis sublime + -ficare to make. See -ry.] The act of making sublime, or state of being made sublime.

Sublimity

Sub*lim"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Sublimities (#). [L. sublimitas: cf. F. sublimit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being sublime (in any sense of the adjective).

2. That which is sublime; as, the sublimities of nature. Syn. -- Grandeur; magnificence. -- Sublimity, Grandeur. The mental state indicated by these two words is the same, namely, a mingled emotion of astonishment and awe. In speaking of the quality which produces this emotion, we call it grandeur when it springs from what is vast in space, power, etc.; we call it sublimity when it springs from what is elevated far above the ordinary incidents of humanity. An immense plain is grand. The heavens are not only grand, but sublime (as the predominating emotion), from their immense height. Exalted intellect, and especially exalted virtue under severe trials, give us the sense of moral sublimity, as in the case of our Savior in his prayer for his murderers. We do not speak of Satan, when standing by the fiery gulf, with his "unconquerable will and study of revenge," as a sublime object; but there is a melancholy grandeur thrown around him, as of an "archangel ruined."

Sublineation

Sub*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. A mark of a line or lines under a word in a sentence, or under another line; underlining.

Sublingua

Sub*lin"gua (?), n.; pl. Sublingu\'91 (#). [NL.] (Anat.) A process or fold below the tongue in some animals.

Sublingual

Sub*lin"gual (?), a. [Pref. sub + lingual: cf. F. sublingual.] (Anat.) (a) Situated under the tongue; as, the sublingual gland. (b) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland; as, sublingual salvia.

Sublition

Sub*li"tion (?), n. [L. sublinere, sublitum, to smear, to lay on as a ground color.] (Paint.) The act or process of laying the ground in a painting. [R.]

Sublittoral

Sub*lit"to*ral (?), a. Under the shore. Smart.

Sublobular

Sub*lob"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or at the bases of, the lobules of the liver.

Sublumbar

Sub*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lumbar region of the vertebral column.

Sublunar, Sublunary

Sub*lu"nar (?), Sub"lu*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. sub + lunar, or lunary: cf. F. sublunaire.] Situated beneath the moon; hence, of or pertaining to this world; terrestrial; earthly.
All things sublunary are subject to change. Dryden.
All sublunary comforts imitate the changeableness, as well as feel the influence, of the planet they are under. South.

Sublunary

Sub"lu*na*ry, n. Any worldly thing. [Obs.]

Subluxation

Sub`lux*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. sub + luxation: cf. F. subluxation.] (Surg.) An incomplete or partial dislocation.

Submammary

Sub*mam"ma*ry (?), a. Situated under the mamm\'91; as, submammary inflammation.

Submarine

Sub`ma*rine" (?), a. Being, acting, or growing, under water in the sea; as, submarine navigators; submarine plants. Submarine armor, a waterproof dress of strong material, having a helmet into which air for breathing is pumped through a tube leading from above the surface to enable a diver to remain under water. -- Submarine cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. -- Submarine mine. See Torpedo, 2 (a).

Submarine

Sub*ma*rine", n. A submarine plant or animal. <-- 2. A ship that can travel under the surface of the water. Most such ships are ships of war, part of the navy. Also called (from the German U-Boot) U-boat. Nuclear submarine. A submarine powered by a nuclear reactor. Attack submarine. A submarine designed to attack other ships, including other submarines. 3. A stowaway on a seagoing vessel. [Colloq.] -->

Submarshal

Sub*mar"shal (?), n. An under or deputy marshal.

Submaxillary

Sub*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under the maxilla, or lower jaw; inframaxillary; as, the submaxillary gland. (b) Of or pertaining to submaxillary gland; as, submaxillary salvia.

Submedial

Sub*me"di*al (?), a. Lying under the middle.

Submedian

Sub*me"di*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Next to the median (on either side); as, the submedian teeth of mollusks.

Submediant

Sub*me"di*ant (?), n. (Mus.) The sixth tone of the scale; the under mediant, or third below the keynote; the superdominant.

Submental

Sub*men"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the chin; as, the submental artery.

Submentum

Sub*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Submenta (#). [NL. See Sub-, and Mentum.] (Zo\'94l.) The basal part of the labium of insects. It bears the mentum.

Submerge

Sub*merge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Submerging (?).] [L. submergere, submersum; sub under + mergere to plunge: cf. F. submerger. See Merge.]

1. To put under water; to plunge.

2. To cover or overflow with water; to inundate; to flood; to drown.

I would thou didst, So half my Egypt were submerged. Shak.
Page 1435

Submerge

Sub*merge" (?), v. i. To plunge into water or other fluid; to be buried or covered, as by a fluid; to be merged; hence, to be completely included.
Some say swallows submerge in ponds. Gent. Mag.

Submergence

Sub*mer"gence (?), n. [From L. submergens, p.pr.] The act of submerging, or the state of being submerged; submersion.

Submerse

Sub*merse" (?), a. (Bot.) Submersed.

Submersed

Sub*mersed" (?), a. [L. submersus, p.p. of submergere. See Submerge.] Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.

Submersion

Sub*mer"sion (?), n. [L. submersio: cf. F. submersion.]

1. The act of submerging, or putting under water or other fluid, or of causing to be overflowed; the act of plunging under water, or of drowning.

2. The state of being put under water or other fluid, or of being overflowed or drowned.

Submetallic

Sub`me*tal"lic (?), a. Imperfectly metallic; as, a submetallic luster.

Subminister

Sub*min"is*ter (?), v. t. [L. subministrare, subministratum. See Sub-, and Ministre, v. t.] To supply; to afford. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Subminister

Sub*min"is*ter, v. i. To be subservient; to be useful. [Obs.] "Our passions . . . subminister to the best and worst purposes." L'EStrange.

Subministrant

Sub*min"is*trant (?), a. [L. subministrans, p.pr.] Subordinate; subservient. [Obs.] Bacon.

Subministrate

Sub*min"is*trate (?), v. t. [See Subminister.] To supply; to afford; to subminister. [Obs.] Harvey.

Subministration

Sub*min`is*tra"tion (?), n. [L. subministratio.] The act of subministering. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Submiss

Sub*miss" (?), a. [L. submissus, p.p. of submittere to let down, to lower. See Submit.]

1. Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Archaic] "Soft Silence and submiss Obedience." Spenser. "Stooping and submiss." R. L. Stevenson.

2. Gentle; soft; calm; as, submiss voices. [R.]

Submission

Sub*mis"sion (?), n. [L. submissio a letting down, lowering: cf. F. soumission.]

1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender of the person and power to the control or government of another; obedience; compliance.

Submission, dauphin! 't is a mere French word; We English warrious wot not what it means. Shak.

2. The state of being submissive; acknowledgement of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior; meekness; resignation.

In all submission and humility York doth present himself unto your highness. Shak.
No duty in religion is more justly required by God . . . than a perfect submission to his will in all things. Sir W. Temple.

3. Acknowledgement of a fault; confession of error.

Be not as extreme in submission As in offense. Shak.

4. (Law) An agreement by which parties engage to submit any matter of controversy between them to the decision of arbitrators. Wharton (Law Dict.). Bouvier.

Submissive

Sub*mis"sive (?), a.

1. Inclined or ready to submit; acknowledging one's inferiority; yielding; obedient; humble.

Not at his feet submissive in distress, Creature so fair his reconcilement seeking. Milton.

2. Showing a readiness to submit; expressing submission; as, a submissive demeanor.

With a submissive step I hasted down. Prior.
Syn. -- Obedient; compliant; yielding; obsequious; subservient; humble; modest; passive. -- Sub*mis"sive*ly, adv. -- Sub*mis"sive*ness, n.

Submissly

Sub*miss"ly (?), adv. In a submissive manner; with a submission. [Archaic] Jer. Taylor.

Submissness

Sub*miss"ness, n. Submissiveness. [Obs.]

Submit

Sub*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Submitting.] [L. submittere; sub under + mittere to send: cf. F. soumettre. See Missile.]

1. To let down; to lower. [Obs.]

Sometimes the hill submits itself a while. Dryden.

2. To put or place under.

The bristled throat Of the submitted sacrifice with ruthless steel he cut. Chapman.

3. To yield, resign, or surrender to power, will, or authority; -- often with the reflexive pronoun.

Ye ben submitted through your free assent. Chaucer.
The angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hands. Gen. xvi. 9.
Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands. Eph. v. 22.

4. To leave or commit to the discretion or judgment of another or others; to refer; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court; -- often followed by a dependent proposition as the object.

Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a heavy burden, is submitted to the house. Swift.
We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the differential calculus. Macaulay.

Submit

Sub*mit", v. i.

1. To yield one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance; to surrender.

The revolted provinces presently submitted. C. Middleton.

2. To yield one's opinion to the opinion of authority of another; to be subject; to acquiesce.

To thy husband's will Thine shall submit. Milton.

3. To be submissive or resigned; to yield without murmuring.

Our religion requires from us . . . to submit to pain, disgrace, and even death. Rogers.

Submitter

Sub*mit"ter (?), n. One who submits. Whitlock.

Submonish

Sub*mon"ish (?), v. t. [L. submonere. See Summon, and -ish.] To suggest; to prompt. [R.] "The submonishing inclinations of my senses." T. Granger.

Submonition

Sub`mo*ni"tion (?), n. [LL. submonitio.] Suggestion; prompting. [R.] T. Granger.

Submucous

Sub*mu"cous (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under a mucous membrane.

Submultiple

Sub*mul"ti*ple (?), n. (Math.) A number or quality which is contained in another an exact number of times, or is an aliquot part of it; thus, 7 is the submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times.

Submultiple

Sub*mul"ti*ple, a. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a submultiple; being a submultiple; as, a submultiple number; submultiple ratio.

Submuscular

Sub*mus"cu*lar (?), a. Situated underneath a muscle or muscles.

Subnarcotic

Sub`nar*cot"ic (?), a. (Med.) Moderately narcotic.

Subnasal

Sub*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the nose; as, the subnasal point, or the middle point of the inferior border of the anterior nasal aperture.

Subnascent

Sub*nas"cent (?), a. [L. subnascens, p.pr. of subnasci to grow under; sub under + nasci to be born.] Growing underneath. [R.] Evelyn.

Subnect

Sub*nect" (?), v. t. [L. subnectere, subnextum; sub under + nectere to tie.] To tie or fasten beneath; to join beneath. [R.] Pope.

Subnex

Sub*nex" (?), v. t. [See Subnect.] To subjoin; to subnect. [Obs.] Holland.

Subnormal

Sub*nor"mal (?), n. (Geom.) That part of the axis of a curved line which is intercepted between the ordinate and the normal.

Subnotation

Sub`no*ta"tion (?), n. [L. subnotatio a signing underneath, fr. subnotare to subscribe; sub under + notare to note or mark.] A rescript. Bouvier.

Subnotochordal

Sub*no`to*chor"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated on the ventral side of the notochord; as, the subnotochordal rod.

Subnuvolar

Sub*nu"vo*lar (?), a. [Pref. sub + It. nuvola cloud: cf. L. subnubilus somewhat cloudy.] Under the clouds; attended or partly covered or obscured by clouds; somewhat cloudy. [R. & Poetic]
Subnuvolar lights of evening sharply slant. Milnes.

Subobscurely

Sub`ob*scure"ly (?), adv. Somewhat obscurely or darkly. [R.] Donne.

Subobtuse

Sub`ob*tuse" (?), a. Partially obtuse.

Suboccipital

Sub`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or posterior to, the occiput; as, the suboccipital, or first cervical, nerve.

Suboctave, Suboctuple

Sub*oc"tave (?), Sub*oc"tu*ple (?), a. Containing one part of eight; having the ratio of one to eight. Bp. Wilkins.

Subocular

Sub*oc"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. sub + ocular: cf. L. subocularis.] (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the eye.

Subofficer

Sub*of"fi*cer (?), n. [Pref. sub + officer: cf. F. sous-officer.] An under or subordinate officer.

Subopercular

Sub`o*per"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated below the operculum; pertaining to the suboperculum. -- n. The suboperculum.

Suboperculum

Sub`o*per"cu*lum (?), n. [NL. See Sub-, Operculum.] (Anat.) The lower opercular bone in fishes.

Suborbicular, Suborbiculate

Sub`or*bic"u*lar (?), Sub`or*bic"u*late (?), a. Almost orbiculate or orbicular.

Suborbital, Suborbitar

Sub*or"bit*al (?), Sub*or"bit*ar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under or below the orbit.

Suborder

Sub*or"der (?), n. (Nat. Hist.) A division of an order; a group of genera of a little lower rank than an order and of greater importance than a tribe or family; as, cichoraceous plants form a suborder of Composit\'91.

Subordinacy

Sub*or"di*na*cy (?), n. [See Subordinate.] The quality or state of being subordinate, or subject to control; subordination, as, to bring the imagination to act in subordinacy to reason. Spectator.

Subordinance, Subordinancy

Sub*or"di*nance (?), Sub*or"di*nan*cy (?), n. [Pref. sub + L. ordinans, p.pr. of ordinare. See Subordinate, a.] Subordinacy; subordination. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Sir W. Temple.

Subordinary

Sub*or"di*na*ry (?), n. (Her.) One of several heraldic bearings somewhat less common than an ordinary. See Ordinary. &hand; Different writers name different bearings as subordinaries, but the bar, bend, sinister, pile, inescutcheon bordure, gyron, and quarter, are always considered subordinaries by those who do not class them as ordinaries.

Subordinate

Sub*or"di*nate (?), a. [Pref. sub + L. ordinatus, p.p. of ordinare to set in order, to arrange. See Ordain.]

1. Placed in a lower order, class, or rank; holding a lower or inferior position.

The several kinds and subordinate species of each are easily distinguished. Woodward.

2. Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power, importance, or the like.

It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the understanding. South.

Subordinate

Sub*or"di*nate, n. One who stands in order or rank below another; -- distinguished from a principal. Milton.

Subordinate

Sub*or"di*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subordinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subordinating.]

1. To place in a lower order or class; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another.

2. To make subject; to subject or subdue; as, to subordinate the passions to reason. -- Sub*or"di*nate*ly, adv. -- Sub*or"di*nate*ness, n.

Subordination

Sub*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. subordination.]

1. The act of subordinating, placing in a lower order, or subjecting.

2. The quality or state of being subordinate or inferior to an other; inferiority of rank or dignity; subjection.

Natural creature having a local subordination. Holyday.

3. Place of inferior rank.

Persons who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the example of their superiors. Swift.

Subordinative

Sub*or"di*na*tive (?), a. Tending to subordinate; expressing subordination; used to introduce a subordinate sentence; as, a subordinative conjunction.

Suborn

Sub*orn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suborned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suborning.] [F. suborner, L. subornare; sub under, secretly + ornare to furnish, provide, equip, adorn. See Ornament.]

1. (Law) To procure or cause to take a false oath amounting to perjury, such oath being actually taken. Sir W. O. Russell.

2. To procure privately, or by collusion; to procure by indirect means; to incite secretly; to instigate.

Thou art suborned against his honor. Shak.
Those who by despair suborn their death. Dryden.

Subornation

Sub`or*na"tion (?), n. [F. subornation.]

1. (Law) The act of suborning; the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury. Blackstone.

2. The sin or offense of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action, as by bribes or persuasion.

Foul subornation is predominant. Shak.
The sort of chicanery attending the subornation of managers in the Leibnitz controversy. De Quinsey.

Suborner

Sub*orn"er (?), n. One who suborns or procures another to take, a false oath; one who procures another to do a bad action.

Suboval

Sub*o"val (?), a. Somewhat oval; nearly oval.

Subovate

Sub*o"vate (?), a. Nearly in the form of an egg, or of the section of an egg, but having the inferior extremity broadest; nearly ovate.

Subovated

Sub*o"va*ted (?), a. Subovate. [R.]

Suboxide

Sub*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) An oxide containing a relatively small amount of oxygen, and less than the normal proportion; as, potassium suboxide, K4O.

Subpeduncular

Sub`pe*dun"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated beneath the peduncle; as, the subpeduncular lobe of the cerebellum.

Subpedunculate

Sub`pe*dun"cu*late (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Supported on, or growing from, a very short stem; having a short peduncle.

Subpellucid

Sub`pel*lu"cid (?), a. Somewhat pellucid; nearly pellucid.

Subpena

Sub*pe"na (?), n. & v. t. See Subp\'d2na.

Subpentangular

Sub`pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a. Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.

Subpericardial

Sub*per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the cardiac pericardium.

Subperiosteal

Sub*per`i*os"te*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the periosteum. Subperiosteal operation (Surg.), a removal of bone effected without taking away the periosteum.

Subperitoneal

Sub*per`i*to"ne*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the peritoneal membrane.

Subpetiolar

Sub*pet"i*o*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Concealed within the base of the petiole, as the leaf buds of the plane tree.

Subpleural

Sub*pleu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the pleural membrane.

Subpodophyllous

Sub*pod`o*phyl"lous (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the podophyllous tissue of the horse's foot.

Subp\'d2na

Sub*p\'d2"na (?), n. [NL., fr. L. sub under + poena punishment. See Pain.] (Law) A writ commanding the attendance in court, as a witness, of the person on whom it is served, under a penalty; the process by which a defendant in equity is commanded to appear and answer the plaintiff's bill. [Written also subpena.] Subp\'d2na ad testificandum (. [NL.] A writ used to procure the attendance of a witness for the purpose of testifying. -- Subp\'d2na duces tecum (. [NL.] A writ which requires a witness to attend and bring certain documents.

Subp\'d2na

Sub*p\'d2"na, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subp\'d2naed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subp\'d2naing.] (Law) To serve with a writ of subp\'d2na; to command attendance in court by a legal writ, under a penalty in case of disobedience.

Subp\'d2nal

Sub*p\'d2"nal (?), a. Required or done under penalty. Gauden.

Subpolar

Sub*po"lar (?), a. Situated below the poles.

Subpolygonal

Sub`po*lyg"o*nal (?), a. Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.

Subprehensile

Sub`pre*hen"sile (?), a. Somewhat prehensile; prehensile in an inferior degree.

Subprior

Sub*pri"or (?), n. [Pref. sub + prior: cf. F. sous-prieur.] (Eccl.) The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists the prior.

Subpubic

Sub*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or posterior to, the pubic bones.

Subpulmonary

Sub*pul"mo*na*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lungs.

Subpurchaser

Sub*pur"chas*er (?), n. A purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second hand.

Subpyriform

Sub*pyr"i*form (?), a. Somewhat pyriform.

Subquadrate

Sub*quad"rate (?), a. Nearly or approximately square; almost square.

Subquadruple

Sub*quad"ru*ple (?), a. Containing one part of four; in the ratio of one to four; as, subquadruple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

Subquinquefid

Sub*quin"que*fid (?), a. Almost quinquefid; nearly quinquefid.

Subquintuple

Sub*quin"tu*ple (?), a. Having the ratio of one to five; as, subquintuple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

Subreader

Sub*read"er (?), n. (Law) An under reader in the inns of court, who reads the texts of law the reader is to discourse upon. [Eng.] Crabb.

Subrector

Sub*rec"tor (?), n. An assistant restor. [Eng.]

Subreligion

Sub`re*li"gion (?), n. A secondary religion; a belief or principle held in a quasi religious veneration.
Loyalty is in the English a subreligion. Emerson.

Subreption

Sub*rep"tion (?), n. [L. subreptio, fr. subripere, subreptum, to snatch or take away secretly: cf. F. subreption. See Surreptitious.] The act of obtaining a favor by surprise, or by unfair representation through suppression or fraudulent concealment of facts. Bp. Hall.

Subreptitious

Sub`rep*ti"tious (?), a. [L. subreptitius. See Surreptitious.] Surreptitious. [Obs.] -- Sub`rep*ti"tious*ly (#), adv. [Obs.]
Page 1436

Subreptive

Sub*rep"tive (?), a. [L. subreptivus.] Surreptitious. [Obs.]

Subrigid

Sub*rig"id (?), a. Somewhat rigid or stiff.

Subriguous

Sub*rig"u*ous (?), a. [L. subriguus; sub under + riguus watered, akin to rigare to water.] Watered or wet beneath; well-watered. [Obs.] Blount.

Subrogate

Sub"ro*gate (?), v. t. [L. subrogatus, p.p. of subrogare. See Surrogate.] To put in the place of another; to substitute. Barrow.

Subrogation

Sub`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. subrogation, LL. subrogatio.] The act of subrogating. Specifically: (Law) The substitution of one person in the place of another as a creditor, the new creditor succeeding to the rights of the former; the mode by which a third person who pays a creditor succeeds to his rights against the debtor. Bouvier. Burrill. Abbott.

Subrotund

Sub`ro*tund" (?), a. Somewhat rotund.

Subsacral

Sub*sa"cral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the sacrum.

Subsaline

Sub`sa*line" (?), a. Moderately saline or salt.

Subsalt

Sub"salt` (?), n. (Chem.) A basic salt. See the Note under Salt.

Subsannation

Sub`san*na"tion (?), n. [L. subsannatio, fr. subsannare to deride by mimicking gestures.] Derision; mockery. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Subscapular, Subscapulary

Sub*scap"u*lar (?), Sub*scap"u*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated beneath the scapula; infrascapular; as, the subscapular muscle.

Subscribable

Sub*scrib"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being subscribed. [R.]

Subscribe

Sub*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subscribing.] [L. subscribere, subscriptum; sub under + scribere to write: cf. F. souscrire. See Scribe.]

1. To write underneath, as one's name; to sign (one's name) to a document.

[They] subscribed their names under them. Sir T. More.

2. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to, as something written, or to bind one's self to the terms of, by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond.

All the bishops subscribed the sentence. Milman.

3. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe their official acts, and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies or records.

4. To promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount; as, each man subscribed ten dollars.

5. To sign away; to yield; to surrender. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To declare over one's signature; to publish. [Obs.]

Either or must shortly hear from him, or I will subscribe him a coward. Shak.

Subscribe

Sub*scribe", v. i.

1. To sign one's name to a letter or other document. Shak.

2. To give consent to something written, by signing one's name; hence, to assent; to agree.

So spake, so wished, much humbled Eve; but Fate Subscribed not. Milton.

3. To become surely; -- with for. [R.] Shak.

4. To yield; to admit one's self to be inferior or in the wrong. [Obs.]

I will subscribe, and say I wronged the duke. Shak.

5. To set one's name to a paper in token of promise to give a certain sum.

6. To enter one's name for a newspaper, a book, etc.

Subscriber

Sub*scrib"er (?), n.

1. One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by subscribing.

2. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map, or the like. Dryden.

Subscript

Sub"script (?), a. [L. subscriptus, p.p. See Subscribe.] Written below or underneath; as, iota subscript. (See under Iota.) Specifically (Math.), said of marks, figures, or letters (suffixes), written below and usually to the right of other letters to distinguish them; as, a, n, 2, in the symbols Xa, An, Y2. See Suffix, n., 2, and Subindex.

Subscript

Sub"script, n. Anything written below. Bentley.

Subscription

Sub*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. subscriptio: cf. F. souscription.]

1. The act of subscribing.

2. That which is subscribed. Specifically: (a) A paper to which a signature is attached. (b) The signature attached to a paper. (c) Consent or attestation by underwriting the name. (d) Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed; as, an individual subscription to a fund.

3. (Eccl.) The acceptance of articles, or other tests tending to promote uniformity; esp. (Ch. of Eng.), formal assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer, required before ordination.

4. Submission; obedience. [Obs.]

You owe me no subscription. Shak.

5. (Pharm.) That part of a prescription which contains the direction to the apothecary. <-- 6. A method of purchasing items produced periodically in a series, as newspapers or magazines, in which a certain number of the items are delivered as produced, without need for ordering each item individually; also, the purchase thus executed. The right to attend a series of public performances of ballet, opera, or music are also often sold by subscription. The payment for a subscription may be made prior to delivery of any items (common with magazines and performances), or after a certain number of the items have been delivered (common with newspapers or works of art produced in a series). 7. An application to purchase a certain number of securities to be delivered when they are newly issued. -->

Subscriptive

Sub*scrip"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to a subscription, or signature. "The subscriptive part." Richardson. -- Sub*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

Subsecute

Sub"se*cute (?), v. t. [L. subsecutus, p.p. of subsequi. See Subsequent.] To follow closely, or so as to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.]
To follow and detain him, if by any possibility he could be subsecuted and overtaken. E. Hall.

Subsecutive

Sub*sec"u*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. subs\'82cutif.] Following in a train or succession. [R.]

Subsellium

Sub*sel"li*um (?), n.; pl. Subsellia (#). [L.] (Eccl. Arch.) One of the stalls of the lower range where there are two ranges. See Illust. of Stall.

Subsemitone

Sub*sem"i*tone (?), n. (Mus.) The sensible or leading note, or sharp seventh, of any key; subtonic.

Subsensible

Sub*sen"si*ble (?), a. Deeper than the reach of the senses. "That subsensible world." Tyndall.

Subseptuple

Sub*sep"tu*ple (?), a. Having the ratio of one to seven. Bp. Wilkins.

Subsequence, Subsequency

Sub"se*quence (?), Sub"se*quen*cy (?), n. The act or state of following; -- opposed to precedence.

Subsequent

Sub"se*quent (?), a. [L. subsequens, -entis, p.pr. of subsequi to follow, succeed: cf. F. subs\'82quent. See Sue to follow.]

1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely; as, subsequent events; subsequent ages or years; a period long subsequent to the foundation of Rome.

2. Following in order of place; succeeding; as, a subsequent clause in a treaty. "The subsequent words come on before the precedent vanish." Bacon.

Subsequently

Sub"se*quent*ly, adv. At a later time; afterwards.

Subserous

Sub*se"rous (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under a serous membrane.

Subserve

Sub*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subserved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subserving.] [L. subservire; sub under + servire to serve. See Serve.] To serve in subordination or instrumentally; to be subservient to; to help forward; to promote.
It is a great credit to know the ways of captivating Nature, and making her subserve our purposes, than to have learned all the intrigues of policy. Glanvill.

Subserve

Sub*serve", v. i. To be subservient or subordinate; to serve in an inferior capacity.
Not made to rule, But to subserve where wisdom bears command. Milton.

Subservience, Subserviency

Sub*serv"i*ence (?), Sub*serv"i*en*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being subservient; instrumental fitness or use; hence, willingness to serve another's purposes; in a derogatory sense, servility.
The body wherein appears much fitness, use, and subserviency to infinite functions. Bentley.
There is a regular subordination and subserviency among all the parts to beneficial ends. Cheyne.

Subservient

Sub*serv"i*ent (?), a. [L. subserviens, -entis, p.pr. See Subserve.] Fitted or disposed to subserve; useful in an inferior capacity; serving to promote some end; subordinate; hence, servile, truckling.
Scarce ever reading anything which he did not make subservient in one kind or other. Bp. Fell.
These ranks of creatures are subservient one to another. Ray.
Their temporal ambition was wholly subservient to their proselytizing spirit. Burke.

Subserviently

Sub*serv"i*ent*ly, adv. In a subservient manner.

Subsesqui-

Sub*ses"qui- (?). [Pref. sub- + sesqui\'cf.] (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting the combination of constituents (especially electro-negative and electro-positive bodies) in the proportion of two to three; as, a subsesqui acetate, i. e., a salt having two equivalents of acetic acid to three of the base.

Subsextuple

Sub*sex"tu*ple (?), a. Having the ratio of one to six; as, a subsextuple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

Subside

Sub*side" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsided; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsiding.] [L. subsidere; sub under, below + sidere to sit down, to settle; akin to sedere to sit, E. sit. See Sit.]

1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.

2. To tend downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink. "Heaven's subsiding hill." Dryden.

3. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be calmed; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate; as, the sea subsides; the tumults of war will subside; the fever has subsided. "In cases of danger, pride and envy naturally subside." C. Middleton. Syn. -- See Abate.

Subsidence, Subsidency

Sub*sid"ence (?), Sub*sid"en*cy (?), n. [L. subsidens, -entis, p.pr. of subsidere. See Subside.] The act or process of subsiding.
The subdual or subsidence of the more violent passions. Bp. Warburton.

Subsidiarily

Sub*sid"i*a*ri*ly (?), adv. In a subsidiary manner; so as to assist.

Subsidiary

Sub*sid"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. subsidiarius: cf. F. subsidiaire. See Subsidy.]

1. Furnishing aid; assisting; auxiliary; helping; tributary; especially, aiding in an inferior position or capacity; as, a subsidiary stream.

Chief ruler and principal head everywhere, not suffragant and subsidiary. Florio.
They constituted a useful subsidiary testimony of another state of existence. Coleridge.

2. Of or pertaining to a subsidy; constituting a subsidy; being a part of, or of the nature of, a subsidy; as, subsidiary payments to an ally.

George the Second relied on his subsidiary treaties. Ld. Mahon.

Subsidiary

Sub*sid"i*a*ry, n.; pl. Subsidiaries (. One who, or that which, contributes aid or additional supplies; an assistant; an auxiliary. Hammond.

Subsidize

Sub"si*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subsidizing (?).] [From Subsidy.] To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of by the payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote, as a private enterprise, with public money; as, to subsidize a steamship line.
He employed the remittances from Spain to subsidize a large body of German mercenaries. Prescott.

Subsidy

Sub"si*dy (?), n.; pl. Subsidies (#). [L. subsidium the troops stationed in reserve in the third line of battlem reserve, support, help, fr. subsidere to sit down, lie in wait: cf. F. subside. See Subside.]

1. Support; aid; co\'94peration; esp., extraordinary aid in money rendered to the sovereign or to a friendly power.

They advised the king to send speedy aids, and with much alacrity granted a great rate of subsidy. Bacon.
&hand; Subsidies were taxes, not immediately on on property, but on persons in respect of their reputed estates, after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2s. 8d. for goods. Blackstone.

2. Specifically: A sum of money paid by one sovereign or nation to another to purchase the co\'94peration or the neutrality of such sovereign or nation in war.

3. A grant from the government, from a municipal corporation, or the like, to a private person or company to assist the establishment or support of an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public; a subvention; as, a subsidy to the owners of a line of ocean steamships. Syn. -- Tribute; grant. -- Subsidy, Tribute. A subsidy is voluntary; a tribute is exacted.

Subsign

Sub*sign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subsigning.] [L. subsignare; sub under + signare to mark: cf. F. soussigner. See Sign.] To sign beneath; to subscribe. [R.] Camden.

Subsinnation

Sub`sin*na"tion (?), n. [L. subsignatio.] The act of writing the name under something, as for attestation. [R.] Shelton.

Subsilicate

Sub*sil"i*cate (?), n. A basic silicate.

Subsist

Sub*sist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsisting.] [L. subsistere to stand still, stay, remain alive; sub under + sistere to stand, to cause to stand, from stare to stand: cf. F. subsister. See Stand.]

1. To be; to have existence; to inhere.

And makes what happiness we justly call, Subsist not in the good of one, but all. Pope.

2. To continue; to retain a certain state.

Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve. Milton.

3. To be maintained with food and clothing; to be supported; to live. Milton.

To subsist on other men's charity. Atterbury.

Subsist

Sub*sist", v. t. To support with provisions; to feed; to maintain; as, to subsist one's family.
He laid waste the adjacent country in order to render it more difficult for the enemy to subsist their army. Robertson.

Subsistence

Sub*sist"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. subsistance, L. subsistentia.]

1. Real being; existence.

Not only the things had subsistence, but the very images were of some creatures existing. Stillingfleet.

2. Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

3. That which furnishes support to animal life; means of support; provisions, or that which produces provisions; livelihood; as, a meager subsistence.

His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province. Addison.

4. (Theol.) Same as Hypostasis, 2. Hooker.

Subsistency

Sub*sist"en*cy (?), n. Subsistence. [R.]

Subsistent

Sub*sist"ent (?), a. [L. subsistens, p.pr. See Subsist.]

1. Having real being; as, a subsistent spirit.

2. Inherent; as, qualities subsistent in matter.

Subsizar

Sub*si"zar (?), n. An under sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar. [Cambridge Univ. Eng.]
Bid my subsizar carry my hackney to the buttery and give him his bever. J. Fletcher.

Subsoil

Sub"soil` (?), n. The bed, or stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath the surface soil. Subsoil plow, a plow having a share and standard but no moldboard. It follows in the furrow made by an ordinary plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depth without bringing it to the surface. Knight.

Subsoil

Sub"soil`, v. t. To turn up the subsoil of.

Subsolary

Sub*so"la*ry (?), a. Being under the sun; hence, terrestrial; earthly; mundane. [R.]

Subspecies

Sub*spe"cies (?), n. A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but based on characters more important than those which characterize ordinary varieties; often, a geographical variety or race.

Subsphenoidal

Sub`sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.

Subspherical

Sub*spher"ic*al (?), a. Nearly spherical; having a figure resembling that of a sphere.

Subspinous

Sub*spi"nous (?), a. (a) (Anat.) Subvertebral. (b) (Med.) Situated beneath a spinous process, as that of the scapula; as, subspinous dislocation of the humerus.

Substance

Sub"stance (?), n. [F., fr. L. substantia, fr. substare to be under or present, to stand firm; sub under + stare to stand. See Stand.]

1. That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence.

These cooks, how they stamp, and strain, and grind, And turn substance into accident! Chaucer.
Heroic virtue did his actions guide, And he the substance, not the appearance, chose. Dryden.

2. The most important element in any existence; the characteristic and essential components of anything; the main part; essential import; purport.

This edition is the same in substance with the Latin. Bp. Burnet.
It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming. Burke.

3. Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.

4. Material possessions; estate; property; resources.

And there wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13.
Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, Can not amount unto a hundred marks. Shak.
We are destroying many thousand lives, and exhausting our substance, but not for our own interest. Swift.

5. (Theol.) Same as Hypostasis, 2.

Substance

Sub"stance, v. t. To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich. [Obs.]

Substanceless

Sub"stance*less, a. Having no substance; unsubstantial. [R.] Coleridge.

Substant

Sub"stant (?), a. [L. substans, -antis, p.pr. of substare to be firm.] Substantial; firm. [R.] "[The glacier's] substant ice." The Century.

Substantial

Sub*stan"tial (?), a. [F. substantiel, L. substantialis.]

1. Belonging to substance; actually existing; real; as, substantial life. Milton.

If this atheist would have his chance to be real and substantial agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar. Bentley.

2. Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true; veritable.

If happinessbe a substantial good. Denham.
The substantial ornaments of virtue. L'Estrange.

3. Corporeal; material; firm. "Most ponderous and substantial things." Shak.

The rainbow [appears to be] a large substantial arch. I. Watts.

4. Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm; as, substantial cloth; a substantial fence or wall.

5. Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy; responsible; as, a substantial freeholder. "Substantial yeomen and burghers." Sir W. Scott.

Page 1437

Substantiality

Sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being substantial; corporiety; materiality.
The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality. Glanvill.

Substantialize

Sub*stan"tial*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Substantializing (?).] To make substantial.

Substantially

Sub*stan"tial*ly, adv. In a substantial manner; in substance; essentially.
In him all his Father shone, Substantially expressed. Milton.
The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly observe them, substantially religious toward God, chastle, and temperate. Tillotson.

Substantialness

Sub*stan"tial*ness, n. The quality or state of being substantial; as, the substantialness of a wall or column.

Substantials

Sub*stan"tials (?), n. pl. Essential parts. Ayliffe.

Substantiate

Sub*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Substantiating.]

1. To make to exist; to make real. Ayliffe.

2. To establish the existence or truth of by proof or competent evidence; to verify; as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration.

Observation is, in turn, wanted to direct and substantiate the course of experiment. Coleridge.

Substantiation

Sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?), n. The act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.

Substantival

Sub`stan*ti"val (?), a. Of or pertaining to a substantive; of the nature of substantive. -- Sub`stan*ti"val*ly, adv.

Substantive

Sub"stan*tive (?), a. [L. substantivus: cf. F. substantif.]

1. Betokening or expressing existence; as, the substantive verb, that is, the verb to be.

2. Depending on itself; independent.

He considered how sufficient and substantive this land was to maintain itself without any aid of the foreigner. Bacon.

3. Enduring; solid; firm; substantial.

Strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the imagination in a powerful and substantive manner. Hazlitt.

4. Pertaining to, or constituting, the essential part or principles; as, the law substantive.

Noun substantive (Gram.), a noun which designates an object, material or immaterial; a substantive. -- Substantive color, one which communicates its color without the aid of a mordant or base; -- opposed to adjective color.

Substantive

Sub"stan*tive, n. [Cf. F. substantif.] (Gram.) A noun or name; the part of speech which designates something that exists, or some object of thought, either material or immaterial; as, the words man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are substantives.

Substantive

Sub"stan*tive, v. t. To substantivize. [R.] Cudworth.

Substantively

Sub"stan*tive*ly, adv.

1. In a substantive manner; in substance; essentially.

2. (Gram.) As a substantive, name, or noun; as, an adjective may be used substantively.

Substantiveness

Sub"stan*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being substantive.

Substantivize

Sub"stan*tiv*ize (?), v. t. To convert into a substantive; as, to substantivize an adjective. Fitzed. Hall.

Substile

Sub"stile` (?), n. (Dialing) See Substyle.

Substituent

Sub*stit"u*ent (?), n. [L. substituens, p.pr. See Substitute.] (Chem.) Any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or entering a molecule in place of some other part which is removed.

Substitute

Sub"stit"ute (?), n. [L. substitutus, p.p. of substituere to put under, put in the place of; sub under + statuere to put, place: cf. F. substitut. See Statute.] One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of something else; specifically (Mil.), a person who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript or drafted man.<-- archaic, no longer legal. -->
Hast thou not made me here thy substitute? Milton.
Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol. De Quincey.

Substitute

Sub"stit"ute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Substituting (?).] [See Substitute, n.] To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others. Congreve.

Substituted

Sub"stit"uted (?), a.

1. Exchanged; put in the place of another.

2. (Chem.) Containing substitutions or replacements; having been subjected to the process of substitution, or having some of its parts replaced; as, alcohol is a substituted water; methyl amine is a substituted ammonia.

Substituted executor (Law), an executor appointed to act in place of one removed or resigned.

Substitution

Sub`sti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. substitutio: cf. F. substitution.]

1. The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.

2. The state of being substituted for another.

3. The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated authority. [R.] Shak.

4. (Civil Law) The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him. Burrill.

5. (Theol.) The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.

6. (Chem.)The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See Metathesis.

Substitutional

Sub`sti*tu"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of another; substituted. -- Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.

Substitutionary

Sub`sti*tu"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.

Substitutive

Sub"sti*tu`tive (?), a. [Cf. F. substitutif, L. substitutivus conditional.] Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making substitution; capable of being substituted. Bp. Wilkins.

Substract

Sub*stract" (?), v. t. [F. suostraire; L. subtus below (from sub under) + trahere to draw. See Substract.] To subtract; to withdraw. [Obs.] Barrow.

Substraction

Sub*strac"tion (?), n. [OF. substraction, F. soustraction. See Subtract.]

1. Subtraction; deduction. [Obs.]

2. (Law) See Subtraction, 3.

Substractor

Sub*stract"or (?), n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. A detractor; a slanderer. [Obs.] Shak.

Substrate

Sub"strate (?), n. A substratum. [R.]

Substrate

Sub"strate, a. Having very slight furrows. [R.]

Substrate

Sub*strate" (?), v. t. [L. substratus, p.p. of substrahere. See Substratum.] To strew or lay under anything. [Obs.]
The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand. Boyle.

Substratum

Sub*stra"tum (?), n.; pl. Substrata (#). [L. substratus, p.p. of substernere to strew under; sub under + sternere to strew. See Stratum.]

1. That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies something, as a layer of earth lying under another; specifically (Agric.), the subsoil.

2. (Metaph.) The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.

Substruct

Sub*struct" (?), v. t. [See Substruction.] To build beneath something; to lay as the foundation. [R.]
He substructs the religion of Asia as the base. Emerson.

Substruction

Sub*struc"tion (?), n. [L. substructio, fr. substruere, substructum, to build beneath; sub under + struere to build.] (Arch.) Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above the natural level of the ground.
It is a magnificent strong building, with a substruction very remarkable. Evelyn.

Substructure

Sub*struc"ture (?), n. [Pref. sub- + structure.]

1. (Arch.) Same as Substruction.

2. An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.

Substylar

Sub*sty"lar (?), a. Pertaining to the substyle.

Substyle

Sub"style` (?), n. (Dialing) A right line on which the style, or gnomon, of a dial is erected; being the common section of the face of the dial and a plane perpendicular to it passing through the style. [Written also substile.] Hutton.

Subsulphate

Sub*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphate with an excess of the base.

Subsulphide

Sub*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A nonacid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur and more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal.

Subsultive

Sub*sul"tive (?), a. Subsultory. [R.] Berkley.

Subsultory

Sub*sul"to*ry (?), a. [L. subsilire, subsultum, to spring up; sub under + salire to leap.] Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts. [R.] -- Sub*sul"to*ri*ly, adv. [R.]
Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the subsultory to the continuous, -- these are the two frequent extremities to which the French manner betrays men. De Quincey.

Subsultus

Sub*sul"tus (?), n. [NL. See Subsultory.] (Med.) A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.

Subsumable

Sub*sum"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being subsumed. J. B. Stallo.

Subsume

Sub*sume" (?), v. t. [Pref. sub- + L. sumere to take.] To take up into or under, as individual under species, species under genus, or particular under universal; to place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include under something else.
To subsume one proposition under another. De Quincey.
A principle under which one might subsume men's most strenuous efforts after righteousness. W. Pater.

Subsumption

Sub*sump"tion (?), n.

1. The act of subsuming, or of including under another.

The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of that of which we were conscious under this notion. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of a syllogism.

But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the subsumption under the rule. De Quincey.

Subsumptive

Sub*sump"tive (?), a. Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. Coleridge.

Subtangent

Sub*tan"gent (?), n. (Geom.) The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.

Subtartarean

Sub`tar*ta"re*an (?), a. Being or living under Tartarus; infernal. "Subtartarean powers." Pope.

Subtectacle

Sub*tec"ta*cle (?), n. [Pref. sub- + L. tectum a roof.] A space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling. [Obs.] Davies (Holy Roode).

Subtegulaneous

Sub*teg`u*la"ne*ous (?), a. [L. subtegulaneus; sub under + tegulare tiles for a roof.] Under the roof or eaves; within doors. [R.]

Subtenant

Sub*ten"ant (?), n. (Law) One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a tenant; an undertenant.

Subtend

Sub*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtended; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtending.] [L. subtendere; sub under + tendere to stretch, extend. See Tend.] To extend under, or be opposed to; as, the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; the chord subtends an arc.

Subtense

Sub*tense" (?), n. [L. subtendere, subtentum. See Subtend, Tense, a.] (Geom.) A line subtending, or stretching across; a chord; as, the subtense of an arc.

Subtepid

Sub*tep"id (?), a. Slightly tepid.

Subterete

Sub`te*rete" (?), a. Somewhat terete.

Subterfluent, Subterfluous

Sub*ter"flu*ent (?), Sub*ter"flu*ous (?), a. [L. subterfluens, p.pr. of subterfluere to flow beneath; subter under + fluere to flow.] Running under or beneath. [R.]

Subterfuge

Sub"ter*fuge (?), n. [F., from LL. subterfugium, fr. L. subterfugere to flee secretly, to escape; subter under + fugere to flee. See Fugitive.] That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an evasion.
Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an argument. I. Watts.
By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this position safe by rendering it nugatory. Burke.

Subterrane

Sub"ter*rane (?), n. [Cf. L. subterraneum, F. souterrain. See Subterranean.] A cave or room under ground. [R.] J. Bryant.

Subterraneal

Sub`ter*ra"ne*al (?), a. Subterranean. [Obs.]

Subterranean, Subterraneous

Sub`ter*ra"ne*an (?), Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. subterraneus; sub under + terra earth. See Terrace.] Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage. -- Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

Subterranity

Sub`ter*ran"i*ty (?), n. A place under ground; a subterrany. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Subterrany

Sub"ter*ra*ny (?), a. Subterranean. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n. A subterranean place. [Obs.]

Subterrene

Sub`ter*rene" (?), a. [L. subterrenus, equiv. to subterraneus.] Subterraneous. [Obs.]

Subterrestrial

Sub`ter*res"tri*al (?), a. Subterranean.

Subthalamic

Sub`tha*lam"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the optic thalamus.

Subtile

Sub"tile (?), a. [L. subtilis. See Subtile.]

1. Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile vapor; a subtile medium.

2. Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine; delicate; tenuous; finely woven. "A sotil [subtile] twine's thread." Chaucer.

More subtile web Arachne can not spin. Spenser.
I do distinguish plain Each subtile line of her immortal face. Sir J. Davies.

3. Acute; piercing; searching.

The slow disease and subtile pain. Prior.

5. Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning; delicate; refined; subtle. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.]

The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely subtile, without being at all acute; hence there is so much humor and so little wit in their literature. The genius of the Italians, on the contrary, is acute, profound, and sensual, but not subtile; hence what they think to be humorous, is merely witty. Coleridge.
The subtile influence of an intellect like Emerson's. Hawthorne.

5. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile person; a subtile adversary; a subtile scheme. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.] Syn. -- Subtile, Acute. In acute the image is that of a needle's point; in subtile that of a thread spun out to fineness. The acute intellect pierces to its aim; the subtile (or subtle) intellect winds its way through obstacles. -- Sub"tile*ly, adv. -- Sub"tile*ness, n.

Subtiliate

Sub*til"i*ate (?), v. t. [LL. subtiliare.] To make thin or rare. [Obs.] Harvey. -- Sub`til*i*a"tion (#), n. [Obs.] Boyle.

Subtilism

Sub"til*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety.
The high orthodox subtilism of Duns Scotus. Milman.

Subtility

Sub*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. subtilitas: cf. F. subtilit\'82. See Subtle.] Subtilty. [R.]

Subtilization

Sub`til*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. subtilization.]

1. The act of making subtile.

2. (Old Chem.) The operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.

3. Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.

Subtilize

Sub"til*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtilized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subtilizing (?).] [L. subtiliser.]

1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.

2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments.

Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into savages. Burke.

Subtilize

Sub"til*ize, v. i. To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions. Milner.

Subtilizer

Sub"til*i`zer (?), n. One who subtilizes.

Subtilty

Sub"til*ty (?), n. [Contr. fr. subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; as, the subtility of air or light.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.

Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtility in nice divisions. Locke.

3. Cunning; skill; craft. [Obs.]

To learn a lewd man this subtility. Chaucer.

4. Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or artifice; a trick; subtlety.

O full of all subtility and all mischief. Acts xiii. 10.
&hand; In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly written subtlety.

Subtle

Sub"tle (?), a. [Compar. Subtler (?); superl. Subtlest (?).] [OE. sotil, subtil, OF. soutil, later subtil, F. subtil, L. subtilis; probably, originally, woven fine, and fr. sub under + tela a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Subtile.]

1. Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; -- applied to persons; as, a subtle foe. "A subtle traitor." Shak.

2. Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle stratagem.

3. Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive.

Things remote from use, obscure and subtle. Milton.

4. Smooth and deceptive. [Obs.]

Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground [bowling ground]. Shak.
Syn. -- Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily. Subtle is the most comprehensive of these epithets and implies the finest intellectual quality. See Shrewd, and Cunning.
Page 1438

Subtleness

Sub"tle*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.

Subtlety

Sub"tle*ty (?), n.; pl. Subtleties (#). [OE. sotelte, sutilte, OF. sotillete, L. subtilitas. See Subtle, and cf. Subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness; artfulness.

The fox which lives by subtlety. Shak.

2. Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of discrimination.

3. Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive.

Unlearned in the world's false subtleties. Shak.

Subtly

Sub"tly (?), adv. In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.
Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise. Milton.

2. Nicely; delicately.

In the nice bee what sense so subtly true. Pope.
Subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but evading the analysis of my mind. Hawthorne.

3. Deceitfully; delusively. [Obs.] Shak.

Subtonic

Sub*ton"ic (?), a. (Phonetics) Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; -- a term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§155, 199-202.

Subtonic

Sub*ton"ic, n.

1. (Phonetics) A subtonic sound or element; a vocal consonant, as b, d, g, n, etc.; a subvocal.

2. (Mus.) The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately below the tonic; -- called also subsemitone.

Subtorrid

Sub*tor"rid (?), a. Nearly torrid.

Subtract

Sub*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtracting.] [L. subtractus, p.p. of subtrahere to draw from beneath, withdraw, remove; sub under + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Substract.] To withdraw, or take away, as a part from the whole; to deduct; as, subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.

Subtracter

Sub*tract"er (?), n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. The subtrahend. [Obs.]

Subtraction

Sub*trac"tion (?), n. [L. subtractio a drawing back. See Subtract, and cf. Substraction.]

1. The act or operation of subtracting or taking away a part.

2. (Math.) The taking of a lesser number or quantity from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation for finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.

3. (Law) The withdrawing or withholding from a person of some right to which he is entitled by law. &hand; Thus the subtraction of conjugal rights is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate without sufficient reason. The subtraction of a legacy is the withholding or detailing of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a subtraction, for which the law gives a remedy. Blackstone.

Subtractive

Sub*trac"tive (?), a.

1. Tending, or having power, to subtract.

2. (Math.) Having the negative sign, or sign minus.

Subtrahend

Sub"tra*hend` (?), n. [L. subtrahendus that is to be subtracted, p.fut.pess. of subtrahere. See Subtract.] (Math.) The sum or number to be subtracted, or taken from another.

Subtranslucent

Sub`trans*lu"cent (?), a. Not perfectly translucent.

Subtransparent

Sub`trans*pa"rent (?), a. Not perfectly transparent.

Subtreasurer

Sub*treas"ur*er (?), n. The public officer who has charge of a subtreasury. [U. S.]

Subtreasury

Sub*treas"ur*y (?), n.; pl. Subtreasuries (. A subordinate treasury, or place of deposit; as, the United States subtreasury at New York. [U. S.]

Subtriangular

Sub`tri*an"gu*lar (?), a. Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular. Darwin.

Subtribe

Sub"tribe` (?), n. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A division of a tribe; a group of genera of a little lower rank than a tribe.

Subtrihedral

Sub`tri*he"dral (?), a. Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the subtrihedral crown of a tooth. Owen.

Subtriple

Sub*tri"ple (?), a. (Math.) Containing a third, or one part to three. Bp. Wilkins.

Subtriplicate

Sub*trip"li*cate (?), a. (Math.) Expressed by the cube root; -- said especially of ratios. Subtriplicate ratio, the ratio of the cube root; thus, the subtriplicate ratio of a to b is &cuberoot;a to &cuberoot;b, or &cuberoot;a/b.

Subtropical

Sub*trop"ic*al (?), a. Nearly tropical.

Subtrude

Sub*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtruding.] [Pref. sub- + L. trudere to thrust.] To place under; to insert. [R.]

Subturriculate

Sub`tur*ric"u*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Somewhat turriculate.

Subtutor

Sub*tu"tor (?), n. An under tutor.

Subtypical

Sub*typ"ic*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Deviating somewhat from the type of a species, genus, or other group; slightly aberrant.

Subulate, Subulated

Su"bu*late (?), Su"bu*la`ted (?), a. [NL. subulatus, fr. L. subula an awl.] Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.

Subulicornes

Su`bu*li*cor"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. subula an awl + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of insects having slender or subulate antenn\'91. The dragon flies and May flies are examples.

Subuliform

Su"bu*li*form (?), a. Subulate.

Subulipalp

Su"bu*li*palp` (?), n. [L. subula an awl + E. palp.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of carabid beetles having slender palpi.

Subumbonal

Sub`um*bo"nal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Beneath or forward of the umbos of a bivalve shell.

Subumbrella

Sub`um*brel"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The integument of the under surface of the bell, or disk-shaped body, of a jellyfish.

Subundation

Sub`un*da"tion (?), n. [Pref. sub- + L. unda a wave.] A flood; a deluge. [Obs.] Huloet.

Subungual

Sub*un"gual (?), a. Under the nail or hoof.

Suburb

Sub"urb (?), n. [L. suburbium; sub under, below, near + urbs a city. See Urban.]

1. An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place immediately adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region which is on the confines of any city or large town; as, a house stands in the suburbs; a garden situated in the suburbs of Paris. "In the suburbs of a town." Chaucer.

[London] could hardly have contained less than thirty or forty thousand souls within its walls; and the suburbs were very populous. Hallam.

2. Hence, the confines; the outer part; the environment. "The suburbs . . . of sorrow." Jer. Taylor.

The suburb of their straw-built citadel. Milton.
Suburb roister, a rowdy; a loafer. [Obs.] Milton.

Suburban

Sub*ur"ban (?), a. [L. suburbanus.] Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the suburbs of a city. "Suburban taverns." Longfellow.
Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . . Delight the citizen. Cowper.

Suburban

Sub*ur"ban, n. One who dwells in the suburbs.

Suburbed

Sub"urbed (?), a. Having a suburb or suburbs on its outer part.

Suburbial, Suburbian

Sub*ur"bi*al (?), Sub*ur"bi*an (?), a. Suburban. [Obs.] "Suburbial fields." Warton. "Suburbian muse." Dryden.

Suburbicarian, Suburbicary

Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an (?), Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry (?), a. [LL. suburbicarius, equiv. to L. suburbanus: cf. F. suburbicaire. See Suburban.] Being in the suburbs; -- applied to the six dioceses in the suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome.
The pope having stretched his authority beyond the bounds of his suburbicarian precincts. Barrow.

Suburethral

Sub`u*re"thral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the urethra, or under its orifice.

Subvaginal

Sub*vag"i*nal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under or inside a sheath or vaginal membrane; as, the subvaginal, or subdural, spaces about the optic nerve.

Subvariety

Sub`va*ri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (. A subordinate variety, or a division of a variety.

Subvene

Sub*vene" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subvened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Subvening.] [Pref. sub- + L. venire to come. See Subvention.] To come under, as a support or stay; to happen.
A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole edifice from falling into ruin. Bp. Warburton.

Subventaneous

Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. sub- + L. ventus wind.] Produced by the wind. [Obs.]

Subvention

Sub*ven"tion (?), n. [F., fr. LL. subventio, fr. L. subvenire to come up to one's assistance, to assist. See Souvenir, and cf. Subvene.]

1. The act of coming under. "The subvention of a cloud." Stackhouse.

2. The act of relieving, as of a burden; support; aid; assistance; help.

3. A government aid or bounty.

Subvention

Sub*ven"tion, v. t. To subventionize.

Subventionize

Sub*ven"tion*ize (?), v. t. To come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.

Subventitious

Sub`ven*ti"tious (?), a. Helping; aiding; supporting. Urquhart.

Subverse

Sub*verse" (?), v. t. [L. subversus, p.p. of subvertere. See Subvert.] To subvert. [Obs.] Spenser.

Subversion

Sub*ver"sion (?), n. [L. subversio: cf. F. subversion. See Subvert.] The act of overturning, or the state of being overturned; entire overthrow; an overthrow from the foundation; utter ruin; destruction; as, the subversion of a government; the subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the constitution.
The subversion [by a storm] of woods and timber . . . through my whole estate. Evelyn.
Laws have been often abused to the oppression and subversion of that order they were intended to preserve. Rogers.

Subversionary

Sub*ver"sion*a*ry (?), a. Promoting destruction.

Subversive

Sub*ver"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. subversif.] Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin.
Lying is a vice subversive of the very ends and design of conversation. Rogers.

Subvert

Sub*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subverting.] [L. subvertere, subversum; sub under + vertere to turn: cf. F. subvertir. See Verse.]

1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly.

These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength, With which he yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth your cities, and subverts your towns. Shak.
This would subvert the principles of all knowledge. Locke.

2. To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt; to confound. 2 Tim. iii. 14. Syn. -- To overturn; overthrow; destroy; invert; reverse; extinguish.

Subvert

Sub*vert" (?), v. i. To overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive.
They have a power given to them like that of the evil principle, to subvert and destroy.

Subverant

Sub*ver"ant (?), a. (Her.) Reserved. [R.]

Subvertebral

Sub*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated beneath, or on the ventral side of, the vertebral column; situated beneath, or inside of, the endoskeleton; hypaxial; hyposkeletal.

Subverter

Sub*vert"er (?), n. One who, or that which, subverts; an overthrower. Sir T. More.

Subvertible

Sub*vert"i*ble (?), a. That may be subverted.

Subvitalized

Sub*vi"tal*ized (?), a. Imperfectly vitalized; having naturally but little vital power or energy.

Subvocal

Sub*vo"cal (?), a. & n. Same as Subtonic.

Subway

Sub"way` (?), n. An underground way or gallery; especially, a passage under a street, in which water mains, gas mains, telegraph wires, etc., are conducted.

Subworker

Sub*work"er (?), n. A subordinate worker or helper. South.

Subzonal

Sub*zon"al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under a zone, or zona; -- applied to a membrane between the zona radiata and the umbilical vesicle in the mammal embryo.

Subzigomatic

Sub*zig`o*mat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated under the zygoma or zygomatic process.

Succade

Suc"cade (?), n. [L. succus, sucus, juice: cf. F. succade a sugarbox. Cf. Sucket.]

1. A sweetmeat. [Obs.] Holland.

2. pl. (Com.) Sweetmeats, or preserves in sugar, whether fruit, vegetables, or confections. Blakely.

Succade gourd. (Bot.) Same as Vegetable marrow, under Vegetable.

Succedane

Suc"ce*dane (?), n. A succedaneum. [Obs.]

Succedaneous

Suc`ce*da"ne*ous (?), a. [L. succedaneus. See Succeed.] Pertaining to, or acting as, a succedaneum; supplying the place of something else; being, or employed as, a substitute for another. Sir T. Browne.

Succedaneum

Suc`ce*da"ne*um (?), n.; pl. Succedanea (#). [NL. See Succedaneous.] One who, or that which, succeeds to the place of another; that which is used for something else; a substitute; specifically (Med.), a remedy used as a substitute for another.
In lieu of me, you will have a very charming succedaneum, Lady Harriet Stanhope. Walpole.

Succeed

Suc*ceed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succeeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Succeeding.] [L. succedere, successum; sub under + cedere to go, to go along, approach, follow, succeed: cf. F. succ\'82der. See Cede, and cf. Success.]

1. To follow in order; to come next after; hence, to take the place of; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne; autumn succeeds summer.

As he saw him nigh succeed. Spenser.

2. To fall heir to; to inherit. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

3. To come after; to be subsequent or consequent to; to follow; to pursue.

Destructive effects . . . succeeded the curse. Sir T. Browne.

4. To support; to prosper; to promote. [R.]

Succeed my wish and second my design. Dryden.

Succeed

Suc*ceed", v. i.

1. To come in the place of another person, thing, or event; to come next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to follow; hence, to come next in the possession of anything; -- often with to.

If the father left only daughters, they equally succeeded to him in copartnership. Sir M. Hale.
Enjoy till I return Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed! Milton.

2. Specifically: To ascend the throne after the removal the death of the occupant.

No woman shall succeed in Salique land. Shak.

3. To descend, as an estate or an heirloom, in the same family; to devolve. Shak.

4. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous issue or termination; to be successful; as, he succeeded in his plans; his plans succeeded.

It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition. Dryden.
Spenser endeavored it in Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it succeed in English. Dryden.

5. To go under cover. [A latinism. Obs.]

Will you to the cooler cave succeed! Dryden.
Syn. -- To follow; pursue. See Follow.

Succeedant

Suc*ceed"ant (?), a. (Her.) Succeeding one another; following.

Succeeder

Suc*ceed"er (?), n. A successor. Shak. Tennyson.

Succeeding

Suc*ceed"ing, n. The act of one who, or that which, succeeds; also, that which succeeds, or follows after; consequence. Shak.

Succentor

Suc"cen*tor (?), n. [LL., an accompanier in singing, fr. succinere to sing, to accompany; sub under, after + canere to sing.] (Eccl.) A subchanter.

Success

Suc*cess" (?), n. [L. successus: cf. F. succ\'8as. See Succeed.]

1. Act of succeeding; succession. [Obs.]

Then all the sons of these five brethren reigned By due success. Spenser.

2. That which comes after; hence, consequence, issue, or result, of an endeavor or undertaking, whether good or bad; the outcome of effort.

Men . . . that are like to do that, that is committed to them, and to report back again faithfully the success. Bacon.
Perplexed and troubled at his bad success The tempter stood. Milton.

3. The favorable or prosperous termination of anything attempted; the attainment of a proposed object; prosperous issue.

Dream of success and happy victory! Shak.
Or teach with more success her son The vices of the time to shun. Waller.
Military successes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people. Atterbury.

4. That which meets with, or one who accomplishes, favorable results, as a play or a player. [Colloq.]

Page 1439

Successary

Suc"ces*sa*ry (?), n. Succession. [Obs.]
My peculiar honors, not derived From successary, but purchased with my blood. Beau. & Fl.

Successful

Suc*cess"ful (?), a. Resulting in success; assuring, or promotive of, success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect; hence, prosperous; fortunate; happy; as, a successful use of medicine; a successful experiment; a successful enterprise.
Welcome, nephews, from successful wars. Shak.
Syn. -- Happy; prosperous; fortunate; auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate. -- Suc*cess"ful*ly, adv. -- Suc*cess"ful*ness, n.

Succession

Suc*ces"sion (?), n. [L. successio: cf. F. succession. See Succeed.]

1. The act of succeeding, or following after; a following of things in order of time or place, or a series of things so following; sequence; as, a succession of good crops; a succession of disasters.

2. A series of persons or things according to some established rule of precedence; as, a succession of kings, or of bishops; a succession of events in chronology.

He was in the succession to an earldom. Macaulay.

3. An order or series of descendants; lineage; race; descent. "A long succession must ensue." Milton.

4. The power or right of succeeding to the station or title of a father or other predecessor; the right to enter upon the office, rank, position, etc., held ny another; also, the entrance into the office, station, or rank of a predecessor; specifically, the succeeding, or right of succeeding, to a throne.

You have the voice of the king himself for your succession in Denmark. Shak.
The animosity of these factions did not really arise from the dispute about the succession. Macaulay.

5. The right to enter upon the possession of the property of an ancestor, or one near of kin, or one preceding in an established order.

6. The person succeeding to rank or office; a successor or heir. [R.] Milton.

Apostolical succession. (Theol.) See under Apostolical. -- Succession duty, a tax imposed on every succession to property, according to its value and the relation of the person who succeeds to the previous owner.<-- = death duties? --> [Eng.] -- Succession of crops. (Agric.) See Rotation of crops, under Rotation.

Successional

Suc*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a succession; existing in a regular order; consecutive. "Successional teeth." Flower. -- Suc*ces"sion*al*ly, adv.

Successionist

Suc*ces"sion*ist, n. A person who insists on the importance of a regular succession of events, offices, etc.; especially (Eccl.), one who insists that apostolic succession alone is valid.

Successive

Suc*ces"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. successif. See Succeed.]

1. Following in order or in uninterrupted course; coming after without interruption or interval; following one after another in a line or series; consecutive; as, the successive revolution of years; the successive kings of Egypt; successive strokes of a hammer.

Send the successive ills through ages down. Prior.

2. Having or giving the right of succeeding to an inheritance; inherited by succession; hereditary; as, a successive title; a successive empire. [Obs.] Shak.

Successive induction. (Math.) See Induction, 5.

Successively

Suc*ces"sive*ly, adv. In a successive manner.
The whiteness, at length, changed successively into blue, indigo, and violet. Sir I. Newton.

Successiveness

Suc*ces"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being successive.

Successless

Suc*cess"less (?), a. Having no success.
Successless all her soft caresses prove. Pope.
-- Suc*cess"less*ly, adv. -- Suc*cess"less*ness, n.

Successor

Suc*ces"sor (?), n. [OE. successour, OF. successur, successor, F. successeur, L. successor. See Succeed.] One who succeeds or follows; one who takes the place which another has left, and sustains the like part or character; -- correlative to predecessor; as, the successor of a deceased king. Chaucer.
A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of chattels, without naming their successors, vests an absolute property in them so lond as the corporation subsists. Blackstone.

Succiduous

Suc*cid"u*ous (?), a. [L. succiduus, fr. succidere to fall under.] Ready to fall; falling. [R.]

Succiferous

Suc*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. succus, sucus, juice, sap + -ferous.] Producing or conveying sap.

Succinamate

Suc`cin*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of succinamic acid.

Succinamic

Suc`cin*am"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide derivative of succinic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, and forming a series of salts.

Succinate

Suc"ci*nate (?), n. [L. succinum, sucinum, amber, from succus, sucus, juice, sap: cf. F. succinate.] (Chem.) A salt of succinic acid.

Succinct

Suc*cinct" (?), a. [L. succinctus, p.p. of succingere to gird below or from below, to tuck up; sub + cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture.]

1. Girded or tucked up; bound; drawn tightly together.

His habit fit for speed succinct. Milton.

2. Compressed into a narrow compass; brief; concise.

Let all your precepts be succinct and clear. Roscommon.
The shortest and most succinct model that ever grasped all the needs and necessities of mankind. South.
Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; summary; compendious; laconic; terse. -- Suc*cinct"ly, adv. -- Suc*cinct"ness, n.

Succinic

Suc*cin"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. succinique. See Succinate.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, amber; specif., designating a dibasic acid, C

Succinimide

Suc`cin*im"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, C2H4.(CO)2.NH, obtained by treating succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It is a typical imido acid, and forms a series of salts. See Imido acid, under Imido.

Succinite

Suc"ci*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. succinite.] (Min.) (a) Amber. (b) A garnet of an amber color.

Succinous

Suc"ci*nous (?), a. [From L. succinum amber.] Succinic. [R.]

Succinurate

Suc`cin*u"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of succinuric acid.

Succinuric

Suc`cin*u"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide, analogous to succinamic acid, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by heating urea with succinic anhydride. It is known also in its salts.

Succinyl

Suc"cin*yl (?), n. [Succinic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical characteristic of succinic acid and certain of its derivatives.

Succise

Suc*cise" (?), a. [See Succision.] (Bot.) Appearing as if a part were cut off at the extremity.

Succision

Suc*ci"sion (?), n. [L. succisio, fr. succidere, succisum, to cut away below, sub under + caedere to cut.] The act of cutting down, as of trees; the act of cutting off. [R.]

Succor

Suc"cor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Succoring.] [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run. See Current.] tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [Written also succour.]
He is able to succor them that are tempted. Heb. ii. 18.
Syn. -- To aid; assist; relieve; deliver; help; comfort.

Succor

Suc"cor, n. [OE. socours, sucurs, OF. sucurs, socors, secors, F. secours, L. succursus, fr. L. succurrere. See Succor, v. t.]

1. Aid; help; assistance; esp., assistance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want, or distress. "We beseech mercy and succor." Chaucer.

My noble father . . . Flying for succor to his servant Bannister. Shak.

2. The person or thing that brings relief.

This mighty succor, which made glad the foe. Dryden.

Succorable

Suc"cor*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being succored or assisted; admitting of relief.

Succorer

Suc"cor*er (?), n. One who affords succor; a helper.

Succorless

Suc"cor*less, a. Destitute of succor. Thomson.

Succory

Suc"co*ry (?), n. [Corrupted from chicory.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cichorium. See Chicory.

Succotash

Suc"co*tash (?), n. [Narragansett Indian m'sickquatash corn boiled whole.] Green maize and beans boiled together. The dish is borrowed from the native Indians. [Written also suckatash.]

Succoteague

Suc`co*teague" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The squeteague.

Succuba

Suc"cu*ba (?), n.; pl. Succub\'91 (#). [NL., fr. L. succubare to lie under; sub under + cubare to lie down; cf. L. succuba, succubo, one who lies under another.] A female demon or fiend. See Succubus.
Though seeming in shape a woman natural Was a fiend of the kind that succub\'91 some call. Mir. for Mag.

Succubine

Suc"cu*bine (?), a. Of or pertaining to succuba.

Succubous

Suc"cu*bous (?), a. [See Succuba.] (Bot.) Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one is covered by the base of the next higher leaf, as in hepatic mosses of the genus Plagiochila.

Succubus

Suc"cu*bus (?), n.; pl. Succubi (#). [See Succuba.]

1. A demon or fiend; especially, a lascivious spirit supposed to have sexual intercourse with the men by night; a succuba. Cf. Incubus.

2. (Med.) The nightmare. See Nightmare, 2.

Succula

Suc"cu*la (?), n. [L. sucula a winch, windlass, capstan.] (Mach.) A bare axis or cylinder with staves or levers in it to turn it round, but without any drum.

Succulence, Succulency

Suc"cu*lence (?), Suc"cu*len*cy (?), n. [See Succulent.] The quality or condition of being succulent; juiciness; as, the succulence of a peach.

Succulent

Suc"cu*lent (?), a. [L. succulentus, suculentus, fr. succus, sucus, juice; perhaps akin to E. suck: cf. F. succulent.] Full of juice; juicy. Succulent plants (Bot.), plants which have soft and juicy leaves or stems, as the houseleek, the live forever, and the species of Mesembryanthemum.

Succulently

Suc"cu*lent*ly, adv. In a succulent manner.

Succulous

Suc"cu*lous (?), a. Succulent; juicy. [R.]

Succumb

Suc*cumb" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succumbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Succumbing.] [L. succumbere; sub under + cumbere (in comp.), akin to cubare to lie down. See Incumbent, Cubit.] To yield; to submit; to give up unresistingly; as, to succumb under calamities; to succumb to disease.

Succumbent

Suc*cum"bent (?), a. [L. succumbens, p.pr.] Submissive; yielding. [R.] Howell.

Succursal

Suc*cur"sal (?), a. [Cf. F. succursale. See Succor, n. & v. t.] Serving to aid or help; serving as a chapel of ease; tributary. [R.]
Not a city was without its cathedral, surrounded by its succursal churches, its monasteries, and convents. Milman.

Succus

Suc"cus (?), n.; pl. Succi (. (Med.) The expressed juice of a plant, for medicinal use. Succus entericus (. [NL., literally, juice of the intestines.] (Physiol.) A fluid secreted in small by certain glands (probably the glands of Lieberk\'81hn) of the small intestines. Its exact action is somewhat doubtful.

Succussation

Suc`cus*sa"tion (?), n. [L. succussare to jolt, v. intens. fr. succutere, succussum, to fling up from below, to toss up; sub under + quatere to shake.]

1. A trot or trotting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A shaking; succussion.

Succussion

Suc*cus"sion (?), n. [L. succussio, from succutere: cf. F. succussion. See Succussation.] The act of shaking; a shake; esp. (Med.), a shaking of the body to ascertain if there be a liquid in the thorax.

Succussive

Suc*cus"sive (?), a. Characterized by a shaking motion, especially an up and down movement, and not merely tremulous oscillation; as, the succussive motion in earthquakes.

Such

Such (?), a. [OE. such, sich, sech, sik, swich, swilch, swulch, swilc, swulc, AS. swelc, swilc, swylc; akin to OFries. selik, D. zulk, OS. sulic, OHG. sulih, solih, G. solch, Icel. sl\'c6kr, OSw. salik, Sw. slik, Dan. slig, Goth. swaleiks; originally meaning, so shaped. \'fb192. See So, Like, a., and cf. Which.]

1. Of that kind; of the like kind; like; resembling; similar; as, we never saw such a day; -- followed by that or as introducing the word or proposition which defines the similarity, or the standard of comparison; as, the books are not such that I can recommend them, or, not such as I can recommend; these apples are not such as those we saw yesterday; give your children such precepts as tend to make them better.

And in his time such a conqueror That greater was there none under the sun. Chaucer.
His misery was such that none of the bystanders could refrain from weeping. Macaulay.
&hand; The indefinite article a or an never precedes such, but is placed between it and the noun to which it refers; as, such a man; such an honor. The indefinite adjective some, several, one, few, many, all, etc., precede such; as, one such book is enough; all such people ought to be avoided; few such ideas were then held.

2. Having the particular quality or character specified.

That thou art happy, owe to God; That thou continuest such, owe to thyself. Milton.

3. The same that; -- with as; as, this was the state of the kingdom at such time as the enemy landed. "[It] hath such senses as we have." Shak.

4. Certain; -- representing the object as already particularized in terms which are not mentioned.

In rushed one and tells him such a knight Is new arrived. Daniel.
To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year. James iv. 13.
&hand; Such is used pronominally. "He was the father of such as dwell in tents." Gen. iv. 20. "Such as I are free in spirit when our limbs are chained." Sir W. Scott. Such is also used before adjectives joined to substantives; as, the fleet encountered such a terrible storm that it put back. "Everything was managed with so much care, and such excellent order was observed." De Foe.
Temple sprung from a family which . . . long after his death produced so many eminent men, and formed such distinguished alliances, that, etc. Macaulay.
Such is used emphatically, without the correlative.
Now will he be mocking: I shall have such a life. Shak.
Such was formerly used with numerals in the sense of times as much or as many; as, such ten, or ten times as many. Such and such, ∨ Such or such, certain; some; -- used to represent the object indefinitely, as already particularized in one way or another, or as being of one kind or another. "In such and such a place shall be my camp." 2 Kings vi. 8. "Sovereign authority may enact a law commanding such and such an action." South. -- Such like ∨ character, of the like kind.
And many other such like things ye do. Mark vii. 8.

Suchospondylous

Su`cho*spon"dy*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having dorsal vertebr\'91 with long and divided transverse processes; -- applied to certain reptiles.

Suchwise

Such"wise` (?), adv. In a such a manner; so.

Suck

Suck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sucking.] [OE. suken, souken, AS. s, s; akin to D. zuigen, G. saugen, OHG. s, Icel. s, sj, Sw. suga, Dan. suge, L. sugere. Cf. Honeysuckle, Soak, Succulent, Suction.]

1. To draw, as a liquid, by the action of the mouth and tongue, which tends to produce a vacuum, and causes the liquid to rush in by atmospheric pressure; to draw, or apply force to, by exhausting the air.

2. To draw liquid from by the action of the mouth; as, to suck an orange; specifically, to draw milk from (the mother, the breast, etc.) with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother, or dam; an infant sucks the breast.

3. To draw in, or imbibe, by any process resembles sucking; to inhale; to absorb; as, to suck in air; the roots of plants suck water from the ground.

4. To draw or drain.

Old ocean, sucked through the porous globe. Thomson.

5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to swallow up.

As waters are by whirlpools sucked and drawn. Dryden.
To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb. -- To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction. -- To suck up, to draw into the mouth; to draw up by suction absorption.

Suck

Suck, v. i.

1. To draw, or attempt to draw, something by suction, as with the mouth, or through a tube.

Where the bee sucks, there suck I. Shak.

2. To draw milk from the breast or udder; as, a child, or the young of an animal, is first nourished by sucking.

3. To draw in; to imbibe; to partake.

The crown had sucked too hard, and now, being full, was like to draw less. Bacon.

Suck

Suck, n.

1. The act of drawing with the mouth.

2. That which is drawn into the mouth by sucking; specifically, mikl drawn from the breast. Shak.

3. A small draught. [Colloq.] Massinger.

4. Juice; succulence. [Obs.]

Suckanhock

Suck"an*hock (?), n. [Of American Indian origin.] A kind of seawan. See Note under Seawan.

Suckatash

Suck"a*tash (?), n. See Succotash. Bartlett.

Sucken

Suck"en (?), n. [See Socome, Soc.] (Scots Law) The jurisdiction of a mill, or that extent of ground astricted to it, the tenants of which are bound to bring their grain thither to be ground.
Page 1440

Page 1440

Sucker

Suck"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, sucks; esp., one of the organs by which certain animals, as the octopus and remora, adhere to other bodies.

2. A suckling; a sucking animal. Beau. & Fl.

3. The embolus, or bucket, of a pump; also, the valve of a pump basket. Boyle.

4. A pipe through which anything is drawn.

5. A small piece of leather, usually round, having a string attached to the center, which, when saturated with water and pressed upon a stone or other body having a smooth surface, adheres, by reason of the atmospheric pressure, with such force as to enable a considerable weight to be thus lifted by the string; -- used by children as a plaything.

6. (Bot.) A shoot from the roots or lower part of the stem of a plant; -- so called, perhaps, from diverting nourishment from the body of the plant.

7. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of North American fresh-water cyprinoid fishes of the family Catostomid\'91; so called because the lips are protrusile. The flesh is coarse, and they are of little value as food. The most common species of the Eastern United States are the northern sucker (Catostomus Commersoni), the white sucker (C. teres), the hog sucker (C. nigricans), and the chub, or sweet sucker (Erimyzon sucetta). Some of the large Western species are called buffalo fish, red horse, black horse, and suckerel. (b) The remora. (c) The lumpfish. (d) The hagfish, or myxine. (e) A California food fish (Menticirrus undulatus) closely allied to the kingfish (a); -- called also bagre.

8. A parasite; a sponger. See def. 6, above.

They who constantly converse with men far above their estates shall reap shame and loss thereby; if thou payest nothing, they will count thee a sucker, no branch. Fuller.

9. A hard drinker; a soaker. [Slang]

10. A greenhorn; one easily gulled. [Slang, U.S.]

11. A nickname applied to a native of Illinois. [U. S.]

Carp sucker, Cherry sucker, etc. See under Carp, Cherry, etc. -- Sucker fish. See Sucking fish, under Sucking. -- Sucker rod, a pump rod. See under Pump. -- Sucker tube (Zo\'94l.), one of the external ambulacral tubes of an echinoderm, -- usually terminated by a sucker and used for locomotion. Called also sucker foot. See Spatangoid.

Sucker

Suck"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suckering.] To strip off the suckers or shoots from; to deprive of suckers; as, to sucker maize.

Sucker

Suck"er, v. i. To form suckers; as, corn suckers abundantly.

Sucket

Suck"et (?), n. [Cf. Suck, v. t., Succades.] A sweetmeat; a dainty morsel. Jer. Taylor.

Suckfish

Suck"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sucker fish.

Sucking

Suck"ing, a. Drawing milk from the mother or dam; hence, colloquially, young, inexperienced, as, a sucking infant; a sucking calf.
I suppose you are a young barrister, sucking lawyer, or that sort of thing. Thackeray.
Sucking bottle, a feeding bottle. See under Bottle. -- Sucking fish (Zo\'94l.), the remora. See Remora. Baird. -- Sucking pump, a suction pump. See under Suction. -- Sucking stomach (Zo\'94l.), the muscular first stomach of certain insects and other invertebrates which suck liquid food.

Suckle

Suc"kle (?), n. A teat. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Suckle

Suc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suckling (?).] [Freq. of suck.] To give suck to; to nurse at the breast. Addison.
The breasts of Hecuba When she did suckle Hector, looked not lovelier. Shak.
They are not weak, suckled by Wisdom. Landor.

Suckle

Suc"kle, v. i. To nurse; to suck. [R.]

Suckler

Suc"kler (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal that suckles its young; a mammal.

Suckling

Suck"ling (?), n. [OE. sokeling. See Suck, v. t.]

1. A young child or animal nursed at the breast.

2. A small kind of yellow clover (Trifolium filiforme) common in Southern Europe.

Sucrate

Su"crate (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of sucrose (or of some related carbohydrate) with some base, after the analogy of a salt; as, sodium sucrate.

Sucre

Su"cre (?), n. A silver coin of Ecuador, worth 68 cents.

Sucrose

Su"crose` (?), n. [F. sucre sugar. See Sugar.] (Chem.) A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also saccharose, cane sugar, etc. By extension, any one of the class of isomeric substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type. &hand; Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate, C12H22O11. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a disaccharate<-- disaccharide-->. Sucrose possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a ketone, and also forms compounds (called sucrates) analogous to salts. Cf. Sugar.

Suction

Suc"tion (?), n. [L. sugere, suctum, to suck; cf. OF. suction. See Suck, v. t.] The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the air. Suction chamber, the chamber of a pump into which the suction pipe delivers. -- Suction pipe, Suction valve, the induction pipe, and induction valve, of a pump, respectively. -- Suction pump, the common pump, in which the water is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of Pump.

Suctoria

Suc*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Suction.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. An order of Infusoria having the body armed with somewhat stiff, tubular processes which they use as suckers in obtaining their food. They are usually stalked.

2. Same as Rhizocephala.

Suctorial

Suc*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. sugere, suctum, to suck.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Adapted for sucking; living by sucking; as, the humming birds are suctorial birds.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Capable of adhering by suction; as, the suctorial fishes.

Suctorian

Suc*to"ri*an (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A cartilaginous fish with a mouth adapted for suction, as the lampery.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Suctoria.

Suctorious

Suc*to"ri*ous (?), a. Suctorial. [R.]

Sudamina

Su*dam"i*na (?), n. pl, sing. Sudamen (. [NL. sudamen, -inis, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.] (Med.) Minute vesicles surrounded by an area of reddened skin, produced by excessive sweating.

Sudarium

Su*da"ri*um (?), n. [L., a handkerchief.] (Eccl.) The handkerchief upon which the Savior is said to have impressed his own portrait miraculously, when wiping his face with it, as he passed to the crucifixion.<-- = Veronica's veil. -->

Sudary

Su"da*ry (?), n. [L. sudarium, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.] A napkin or handkerchief. [Obs. or R.] Wyclif. R. Browning.

Sudation

Su*da"tion (?), n. [L. sudatio, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudation.] A sweating. [Obs.]

Sudatorium

Su`da*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Sudatoria (#). [L.] A sudatory. Dunglison.

Sudatory

Su"da*to*ry (?), a. [L. sudatorius, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudatoire. See Sweat.] Sweating; perspiring.

Sudatory

Su"da*to*ry, n.; pl. Sudatories (#). [L. sudatorium.] A bagnio; a sweating bath; a vapor bath.
These sudatories are much in request for many infirmities. Evelyn.

Sudden

Sud"den (?), a. [OE. sodian, sodein, OF. sodain, sudain, F. soudain, L. subitaneus, fr. subitus sudden, that has come unexpectedly, p.p. of subire to come on, to steal upon; sub under, secretly + ire to go. See Issue, and cf. Subitaneous.]

1. Happening without previous notice or with very brief notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparation; immediate; instant; speedy. "O sudden wo!" Chaucer. "For fear of sudden death." Shak.

Sudden fear troubleth thee. Job xxii. 10.

2. Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid.

Never was such a sudden scholar made. Shak.
The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the sudden eye. Milton.

3. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for. -- Sud"den*ly, adv. -- Sud"den*ness, n.

Sudden

Sud"den, adv. Suddenly; unexpectedly. [R.]
Herbs of every leaf that sudden flowered. Milton.

Sudden

Sud"den, n. An unexpected occurrence; a surprise. All of a sudden, On a sudden, Of a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual preparation; suddenly.
How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost! Milton.
He withdrew his opposition all of a sudden. Thackeray.

Suddenty

Sud"den*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. soudainet\'82.] Suddenness; a sudden. [Scot.] On a suddenty, on a sudden. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Sudoral

Su"dor*al (?), a. [L. sudor.] Of or pertaining to sweat; as, sudoral eruptions.

Sudoriferous

Su`dor*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. sudor sweat + -ferous.] (Physiol.) Producing, or secreting, sweat; sudoriparous. Sudoriferous glands (Anat.), small convoluted tubular glands which are situated in the subcutaneous tissues and discharge by minute orifices in the surface of the skin; the sweat glands.

Sudorific

Su`dor*if"ic (?), a. [L. sudor sweat (akin to E. sweat) + facere to make.] Causing sweat; as, sudorific herbs. -- n. A sudorific medicine. Cf. Diaphoretic.

Sudoriparous

Su`dor*ip"a*rous (?), a. [L. sudor sweat + parere to produce.] (Physiol.) Same as Sudoriferous.

Sudorous

Su"dor*ous (?), a. [L. sudorus, fr. sudor sweat.] Consisting of sweat. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Sudra

Su"dra (?), n. [Skr. \'87.] The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos. See Caste. [Written also Soorah, Soodra, and Sooder.]

Suds

Suds (?), n. pl. [Akin to sodden, seethe. See Seethe.] Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into bubbles and froth. In the suds, in turmoil or difficulty. [Colloq.] Beau. & Fl.

Sue

Sue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suing (?).] [OE. suen, sewen, siwen, OF. sivre (pres.ind. 3d sing. il siut, suit, he follows, nous sevons we follow), LL. sequere, for L. sequi, secutus; akin to Gr. sac to accompany, and probably to E. see, v.t. See See, v. t., and cf. Consequence, Ensue, Execute, Obsequious, Pursue, Second, Sect in religion, Sequence, Suit.]

1. To follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win; to woo.

For yet there was no man that haddle him sued. Chaucer.
I was beloved of many a gentle knight, And sued and sought with all the service due. Spenser.
Sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. Tennyson.

2. (Law) (a) To seek justice or right from, by legal process; to institute process in law against; to bring an action against; to prosecute judicially. (b) To proceed with, as an action, and follow it up to its proper termination; to gain by legal process.

3. (Falconry) To clean, as the beak; -- said of a hawk.

4. (Naut.) To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr.

To sue out (Law), to petition for and take out, or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.

Sue

Sue (?), v. i.

1. To seek by request; to make application; to petition; to entreat; to plead.

By adverse destiny constrained to sue For counsel and redress, he sues to you. Pope.
C\'91sar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship. C. Middleton.
The Indians were defeated and sued for peace. Jefferson.

2. (Law) To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for something) in law; as, to sue for damages.

3. To woo; to pay addresses as a lover. Massinger.

4. (Naut.) To be left high and dry on the shore, as a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Suent

Su"ent (?), a. Uniformly or evenly distributed or spread; even; smooth. See Suant. Thoreau.

Suently

Su"ent*ly, adv. Evenly; smoothly.

Suer

Su"er (?), n. One who sues; a suitor.

Suet

Su"et (?), n. [OE. suet, dim. fr. OF. seu, suif, F. suif, L. sebum. Cf. Soap, Sebaceous.] The fat and fatty tissues of an animal, especially the harder fat about the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton, which, when melted and freed from the membranes, forms tallow.

Suety

Su"et*y (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, suet; as, a suety substance.

Suf-

Suf- (?). A form of the prefix Sub-.

Suffer

Suf"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suffering.] [OE. suffren, soffren, OF. sufrir, sofrir, F. souffrir, (assumed) LL. sofferire, for L. sufferre; sub under + ferre to bear, akin to E. bear. See Bear to support.]

1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit to with distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain of body, or grief of mind.

2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to sustain; to bear up under.

Our spirit and strength entire, Strongly to suffer and support our pains. Milton.

3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience; as, most substances suffer a change when long exposed to air and moisture; to suffer loss or damage.

If your more ponderous and settled project May suffer alteration. Shak.

4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate.

Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. Lev. xix. 17.
I suffer them to enter and possess. Milton.
Syn. -- To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit; tolerate. See Permit.

Suffer

Suf"fer, v. i.

1. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient; as, we suffer from pain, sickness, or sorrow; we suffer with anxiety.

O well for him whose will is strong! He suffers, but he will not suffer long. Tennyson.

2. To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo the penalty of death.

The father was first condemned to suffer upon a day appointed, and the son afterwards the day following. Clarendon.

3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage.

Public business suffers by private infirmities. Sir W. Temple.

Sufferable

Suf"fer*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. souffrable.]

1. Able to suffer or endure; patient. [Obs.] "Ye must be sufferable." Chaucer.

2. That may be suffered, tolerated, or permitted; allowable; tolerable. -- Suf"fer*a*ble*ness, n. -- Suf"fer*a*bly, adv.

Sufferance

Suf"fer*ance (?), n. [OE. suffrance, OF. sufrance, soufrance, F. souffrance, L. sufferentia, from sufferens, -entis, p.pr. of sufferre. See Suffer.]

1. The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance.

He must not only die the death, But thy unkindness shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance. Shak.

2. Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress.

The seeming sufferances that you had borne. Shak.

3. Loss; damage; injury. [Obs.]

A grievous . . . sufferance on most part of their fleet. Shak.

4. Submission under difficult or oppressive circumstances; patience; moderation. Chaucer.

But hasty heat tempering with sufferance wise. Spenser.

5. Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering; toleration; permission; allowance; leave. Shak.

In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon, through sufferance, grow to fearful end. Spenser.
Somewhiles by sufferance, and somewhiles by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories. Hooker.

6. A permission granted by the customs authorities for the shipment of goods. [Eng.]

Estate of sufferance (Law), the holding by a tenant who came in by a lawful title, but remains, after his right has expired, without positive leave of the owner. Blackstone. -- On sufferance, by mere toleration; as, to remain in a house on sufferance. Syn. -- Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience; moderation; toleration; permission.

Sufferer

Suf"fer*er (?), n.

1. One who suffers; one who endures or undergoes suffering; one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as, sufferers by poverty or sickness; men are sufferers by fire or by losses at sea.

2. One who permits or allows.

Suffering

Suf"fer*ing, n. The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss; pain endured; distress, loss, or injury incurred; as, sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs. "Souls in sufferings tried." Keble.

Suffering

Suf"fer*ing, a. Being in pain or grief; having loss, injury, distress, etc. -- Suf"fer*ing*ly, adv.
Page 1441

Suffice

Suf*fice" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sufficed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sufficing (?).] [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.), L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice; sub under + facere to make. See Fact.] To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. Chaucer.
To recount almighty works, What words or tongue of seraph can suffice? Milton.

Suffice

Suf*fice", v. t.

1. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of. Spenser.

Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter. Deut. iii. 26.

2. To furnish; to supply adequately. [Obs.]

The power appeased, with winds sufficed the sail. Dryden.

Sufficience

Suf*fi"cience (?), n. Sufficiently. [Obs.]

Sufficiency

Suf*fi"cien*cy (?), n. [L. sufficientia: cf. F. suffisance. See Suffice.]

1. The quality or state of being sufficient, or adequate to the end proposed; adequacy.

His sufficiency is such that he bestows and possesses, his plenty being unexhausted. Boyle.

2. Qualification for any purpose; ability; capacity.

A substitute or most allowed sufficiency. Shak.
I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit the counsel of others. Eikon Basilike.

3. Adequate substance or means; competence. "An elegant sufficiency." Thomson.

4. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.

5. Conceit; self-confidence; self-sufficiency.

Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance. Sir W. Temple.

Sufficient

Suf*fi"cient (?), a. [L. sufficiens, -entis, p.pr. of sufficere: cf. F. suffisant. See Suffice.]

1. Equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; enough; ample; competent; as, provision sufficient for the family; an army sufficient to defend the country.

My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.

2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power or ability; qualified; fit.

Who is sufficient for these things? 2 Cor. ii. 16.

3. Capable of meeting obligations; responsible.

The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak.

4. Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content. [R.]

Thou art the most sufficient (I'll say for thee), Not to believe a thing. Beau. & Fl.
Syn. -- Enough; adequate; competent; full; satisfactory; ample.

Sufficiently

Suf*fi"cient*ly, adv. To a sufficient degree; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content; enough; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official duties.

Sufficing

Suf*fi"cing (?), a. Affording enough; satisfying. -- Suf*fi"cing*ly, adv. -- Suf*fi"cing*ness, n.

Suffisance

Suf*fi"sance (?), n. [F. See Sufficiency.] Sufficiency; plenty; abundance; contentment. [Obs.]
He could in little thing have suffisaunce. Chaucer.

Suffisant

Suf*fi"sant (?), a. Sufficient. [Obs.]

Suffix

Suf"fix (?), n. [L. suffixus, p.p. of suffigere to fasten on, to affix; sub under + figere to fix: cf. F. suffixe. See Fix.]

1. A letter, letters, syllable, or syllables added or appended to the end of a word or a root to modify the meaning; a postfix.

2. (Math.) A subscript mark, number, or letter. See Subscript, a.

Suffix

Suf*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suffixing.] To add or annex to the end, as a letter or syllable to a word; to append.

Suffixion

Suf*fix"ion (?), n. The act of suffixing, or the state of being suffixed.

Suffixment

Suf*fix"ment (?), n. Suffixion. [R.] Earle.

Sufflaminate

Suf*flam"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. sufflaminatus, p.p. of sufflaminare to hold back by a clog, from sufflamen a clog.]

1. To retard the motion of, as a carriage, by preventing one or more of its wheels from revolving, either by means of a chain or otherwise. [Obs.]

2. Hence, to stop; to impede. [Obs.] Barrow.

Sufflate

Suf*flate" (?), v. t. [L. sufflatus, p.p. of sufflare to blow up, inflate; sub under + flare to blow.] To blow up; to inflate; to inspire. [R.] T. Ward.

Sufflation

Suf*fla"tion (?), n. [L. sufflatio.] The act of blowing up or inflating. [R.] Coles.

Suffocate

Suf"fo*cate (?), a. [L. suffocatus, p.p. of suffocare to choke; sub under + fauces the throat. Cf. Faucal.] Suffocated; choked. Shak.

Suffocate

Suf"fo*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suffocating.]

1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to smother.

Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate. Shak.

2. To destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire.

Suffocate

Suf"fo*cate, v. i. To become choked, stifled, or smothered. "A swelling discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage." collier.

Suffocating

Suf"fo*ca`ting, a. & n. from Suffocate, v. -- Suf"fo*ca`ting*ly, adv.

Suffocation

Suf`fo*ca"tion (?), n. [L. suffocatio: cf. F. suffocation.] The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated; death caused by smothering or choking. &hand; The term suffocation is sometimes employed synonymously with asphyxia. In the strict medico-legal sense it signifies asphyxia induced by obstruction of the respiration otherwise than by direct pressure on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion (drowning). Quain.

Suffocative

Suf"fo*ca*tive (?), a. Tending or able to choke or stifle. "Suffocative catarrhs." Arbuthnot.

Suffossion

Suf*fos"sion (?), n. [L. suffossio, from suffodere, suffossum, to dig under; sub under + fodere to dig.] A digging under; an undermining. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Suffragan

Suf"fra*gan (?), a. [F. suffragant, L. suffragans, p.pr. of suffragari to support with one's vote, to be favorable. See Suffrage.] Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.

Suffragan

Suf"fra*gan (?), n. [F. suffragant: cf. LL. suffraganeus. See Suffragan, a.]

1. An assistant.

2. (Eccl.) A bishop considered as an assistant, or as subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant bishop.

Suffraganship

Suf"fra*gan*ship, n. The office of a suffragan.

Suffragant

Suf"fra*gant (?), a. & n. Suffragan. [Obs.]

Suffragate

Suf"fra*gate (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Suffragated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suffragating.] [L. suffragatus, p.p. of suffragari. See Suffragan, a.] To vote or vote with. [Obs.] "Suffragating tribes." Dryden.

Suffragator

Suf"fra*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] One who assists or favors by his vote. [Obs.]

Suffrage

Suf"frage (?), n. [F., fr. L. suffragium; perhaps originally, a broken piece, a potsherd, used in voting, and fr. sub under + the root of frangere to break. See Break.]

1. A vote given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust; the formal expression of an opinion; assent; vote.

I ask your voices and your suffrages. Shak.

2. Testimony; attestation; witness; approval.

Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrage the observation made by heathen writers. Atterbury.
Every miracle is the suffrage of Heaven to the truth of a doctrine. South.

3. (Eccl.) (a) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins and evensong. (b) A prayer in general, as one offered for the faithful departed. Shipley.

I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls therein detained are helped by the suffrages of the faithful. Creed of Pope Pius IV.

4. Aid; assistance. [A Latinism] [Obs.] <-- 5. The right to vote; franchise. -->

Suffrage

Suf"frage, v. t. To vote for; to elect. [Obs.] Milton. <--

Sufragette.

Sufragette. n. A woman who advocates the right to vote for women; a woman suffragist. -->

Suffraginous

Suf*frag"i*nous (?), a. [L. suffraginosus diseased in the hock, fr. suffrago the pastern, or hock.] Of or pertaining to the hock of a beast. [Obs.]

Suffragist

Suf"fra*gist (?), n.

1. One who possesses or exercises the political right of suffrage; a voter.

2. One who has certain opinions or desires about the political right of suffrage; as, a woman suffragist.<-- if female, usu. suffragette. -->

It is curious that . . . Louisa Castelefort should be obliged after her marriage immediately to open her doors and turn ultra liberal, or an universal suffragist. Miss Edgeworth.

Suffrago

Suf*fra"go (?), n. [L., the hock, from sub under + frangere to break.] (Zo\'94l.) The heel joint.

Suffrance

Suf"france (?), n. Sufferance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Suffrutescent

Suf`fru*tes"cent (?), a. [Pref. suf- + frutescent.] (Bot.) Slightly woody at the base.

Suffruticose

Suf*fru"ti*cose` (?), a. [Pref. suf- + fruticose.] (Bot.) Woody in the lower part of the stem, but with the yearly branches herbaceous, as sage, thyme, hyssop, and the like.

Suffruticous

Suf*fru"ti*cous (?), a. Suffruticose.

Suffumigate

Suf*fu"mi*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffumigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suffumigating.] [L. suffumigatus, p.p. of suffumigare to fumigate from below. See Sub-, and Fumigate.] To apply fumes or smoke to the parts of, as to the body in medicine; to fumigate in part.

Suffumigation

Suf*fu`mi*ga"tion (?), n. [L. suffumigatio: cf. F. suffumigation.] The operation of suffumigating.

Suffumige

Suf*fu"mige (?), n. [LL. suffumigium.] A medical fume. [Obs.] Harvey.

Suffuse

Suf*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suffusing.] [L. suffusus, p.p. of suffundere to overspread; sub under + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.] To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or cover, as with something fluid; as, eyes suffused with tears; cheeks suffused with blushes.
When purple light shall next suffuse the skies. Pope.

Suffusion

Suf*fu"sion (?), n. [L. suffusio: cf. F. suffusion.]

1. The act or process of suffusing, or state of being suffused; an overspreading.

To those that have the jaundice, or like suffusion of eyes, objects appear of that color. Ray.

2. That with which a thing is suffused.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A blending of one color into another; the spreading of one color over another, as on the feathers of birds.

Sufi

Su"fi (?), n. [From the name of a dynasty of Persian kings, Saf\'c6, Safav\'c6; said to come from name Saf\'c6-ud-d\'c6n of an ancestor of the family, confused with s pious.] A title or surname of the king of Persia.

Sufi

Su"fi, n. [Ar. & Per. s, wise, pious, devout.] One of a certain order of religious men in Persia. [Written also sofi.]

Sufism

Su"fism (?), n. A refined mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans, particularly in Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and practice extreme asceticism in their lives. [Written also sofism.]

Sug

Sug (?), n. A kind of worm or larva. Walton.

Sugar

Sug"ar (?), n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. az\'a3car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. \'87arkar\'be sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]

1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below. &hand; The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light.

2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.

3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.]

Acorn sugar. See Quercite. -- Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose. -- Diabetes, ∨ Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. -- Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose. -- Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Invert sugar. See under Invert. -- Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose. -- Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite. -- Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose. -- Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite. -- Pine sugar. See Pinite. -- Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Sugar barek, one who refines sugar. -- Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. -- Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry. -- Sugar bird (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera C\'d2reba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family C\'d2rebid\'91. They are allied to the honey eaters. -- Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard. -- Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. -- Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] -- Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. -- Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. -- Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf? J. Webster.
-- Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple. -- Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. -- Sugar mite. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. -- Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above. -- Sugar of milk. See under Milk. -- Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] Bartlett. -- Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. -- Sugar squirrel (Zo\'94l.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger. -- Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. -- Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.

Sugar

Sug"ar (?), v. i. In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; -- with the preposition off. [Local, U.S.]<-- field = sugar making -->

Sugar

Sug"ar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sugared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sugaring.]

1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar with. "When I sugar my liquor." G. Eliot.

2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof.

With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er The devil himself. Shak.

Sugared

Sug"ared (?), a. Sweetened. "The sugared liquor." Spenser. Also used figuratively; as, sugared kisses.
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Sugar-house

Sug"ar-house` (?), n. A building in which sugar is made or refined; a sugar manufactory.

Sugariness

Sug"ar*i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sugary, or sweet.

Sugaring

Sug"ar*ing, n.

1. The act of covering or sweetening with sugar; also, the sugar thus used.

2. The act or process of making sugar.

Sugarless

Sug"ar*less, a. Without sugar; free from sugar.

Sugarplum

Sug"ar*plum` (?), n. A kind of candy or sweetneat made up in small balls or disks.

Sugary

Sug"ar*y (?), a.

1. Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar; sweet. Spenser.

2. Fond of sugar or sweet things; as, a sugary palate.

Sugescent

Su*ges"cent (?), a. [L. sugere to suck.] Of or pertaining to sucking. [R.] Paley.

Suggest

Sug*gest" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suggested (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suggesting.] [L. suggestus, p.p. of suggerere to put under, furnish, suggest; sub under + gerere to carry, to bring. See Jest.]

1. To introduce indirectly to the thoughts; to cause to be thought of, usually by the agency of other objects.

Some ideas . . . are suggested to the mind by all the ways of sensation and reflection. Locke.

2. To propose with difference or modesty; to hint; to intimate; as, to suggest a difficulty.

3. To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt. [Obs.]

Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. Shak.

4. To inform secretly. [Obs.] Syn. -- To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.

Suggest

Sug*gest", v. i. To make suggestions; to tempt. [Obs.]
And ever weaker grows through acted crime, Or seeming-genial, venial fault, Recurring and suggesting still. Tennyson.

Suggester

Sug*gest"er (?), n. One who suggests. Beau. & Fl.

Suggestion

Sug*ges"tion (?), n. [F. suggestion, L. suggestio.]

1. The act of suggesting; presentation of an idea.

2. That which is suggested; an intimation; an insinuation; a hint; a different proposal or mention; also, formerly, a secret incitement; temptation.

Why do I yield to that suggestion? Shak.

3. Charge; complaint; accusation. [Obs.] "A false suggestion." Chaucer.

4. (Law) Information without oath; an entry of a material fact or circumstance on the record for the information of the court, at the death or insolvency of a party.

5. (Physiol. & Metaph.) The act or power of originating or recalling ideas or relations, distinguished as original and relative; -- a term much used by Scottish metaphysicians from Hutcherson to Thomas Brown. Syn. -- Hint; allusion; intimation; insinuation. -- Suggestion, Hint. A hint is the briefest or most indirect mode of calling one's attention to a subject. A suggestion is a putting of something before the mind for consideration, an indirect or guarded mode of presenting argument or advice. A hint is usually something slight or covert, and may by merely negative in its character. A suggestion is ordinarily intended to furnish us with some practical assistance or direction. "He gave me a hint of my danger, and added some suggestions as to the means of avoiding it."

Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope.
Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night On your suggestion. Shak.

Suggestive

Sug*gest"ive (?), a. Containing a suggestion, hint, or intimation. -- Sug*gest"ive*ly, adv. -- Sug*gest"ive*ness, n.

Suggestment

Sug*gest"ment (?), n. Suggestion. [R.]
They fancy that every thought must needs have an immediate outward suggestment. Hare.

Suggestress

Sug*gest"ress (?), n. A woman who suggests. "The suggestress of suicides." De Quincey.

Suggil

Sug"gil (?), v. t. [L. suggillare, sugillare, suggillatum, sugillatum, literally, to beat black and blue.] To defame. [Obs.] Abp. Parker.

Suggillate

Sug"gil*late (?), v. t. [See Suggil.] To beat livid, or black and blue. Wiseman.

Suggillation

Sug`gil*la"tion (?), n. [L. suggillatio: cf. F. suggillation.] A livid, or black and blue, mark; a blow; a bruise.

Suicidal

Su"i*ci`dal (?), a. Partaking of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide. -- Su"i*ci`dal*ly, adv.

Suicide

Su"i*cide (?), n. [L. sui of one's self (akin to suus one's own) + caedere to slay, to kill. Cf. So, adv., Homicide.]

1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally; self-murder; specifically (Law), the felonious killing of one's self; the deliberate and intentional destruction of one's own life by a person of years of discretion and of sound mind.

2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se.

3. Ruin of one's own interests. "Intestine war, which may be justly called political suicide." V. Knox.

Suicidical

Su`i*cid"i*cal (?), a. Suicidal. [Obs.]

Suicidism

Su"i*ci*dism (?), n. The quality or state of being suicidal, or self-murdering. [R.]

Suicism

Su"i*cism (?), n. [L. suus one's own.] Selfishness; egoism. [R.] Whitlock.

Sui generis

Su"i gen"e*ris (?). [L.] Of his or its own kind.

Suillage

Su"il*lage (?), n. [OF. souillage, soillage, fr. souiller, soiller. See Soil to stain, and cf. Sullage.] A drain or collection of filth. [Obs.] [Written also sulliage, and sullage.] Sir H. Wotton.

Suilline

Su"il*line (?), a. [L. sus hog.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a hog or the Hog family (Suid\'91).

Suine

Su"ine (?), n. [Cf. Suint.] A mixture of oleomargarine with lard or other fatty ingredients. It is used as a substitute for butter. See Butterine.

Suing

Su"ing (?), n. [Cf. F. suer to sweat, L. sudare.] The process of soaking through anything. [Obs.] Bacon.

Suingly

Su"ing*ly, adv. [See Sue to follow.] In succession; afterwards. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Suint

Su"int (?), n. [F.] (Chem.) A peculiar substance obtained from the wool of sheep, consisting largely of potash mixed with fatty and earthy matters. It is used as a source of potash and also for the manufacture of gas.

Suigothus

Su`i*gothus" (?), n. pl. [L. Suiones (a Teutonic tribe in what is now Sweeden) + E. Goth.] The Scandinavian Goths. See the Note under Goths.

Suist

Su"ist, n. [L. suus belinging to himself or to one's self.] One who seeks for things which gratify merely himself; a selfish person; a selfist. [R.] Whitlock.

Suit

Suit (?), n. [OE. suite, F. suite, OF. suite, sieute, fr. suivre to follow, OF. sivre; perhaps influenced by L. secta. See Sue to follow, and cf. Sect, Suite.]

1. The act of following or pursuing, as game; pursuit. [Obs.]

2. The act of suing; the process by which one endeavors to gain an end or an object; an attempt to attain a certain result; pursuit; endeavor.

Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shone. Spenser.

3. The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship.

Rebate your loves, each rival suit suspend, Till this funereal web my labors end. Pope.

4. (Law) The attempt to gain an end by legal process; an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as, a civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery.

I arrest thee at the suit of Count Orsino. Shak.
In England the several suits, or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds -- actions personal, real, and mixed. Blackstone.

5. That which follows as a retinue; a company of attendants or followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon a prince, magistrate, or other person of distinction; -- often written suite, and pronounced sw&emac;t.

6. Things that follow in a series or succession; the individual objects, collectively considered, which constitute a series, as of rooms, buildings, compositions, etc.; -- often written suite, and pronounced sw&emac;t.

7. A number of things used together, and generally necessary to be united in order to answer their purpose; a number of things ordinarily classed or used together; a set; as, a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; a suit of clothes. "Two rogues in buckram suits." Shak.

8. (Playing Cards) One of the four sets of cards which constitute a pack; -- each set consisting of thirteen cards bearing a particular emblem, as hearts, spades, cubs, or diamonds.

To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort Her mingled suits and sequences. Cowper.

9. Regular order; succession. [Obs.]

Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit of weather comes again. Bacon.
<-- 10. [From def. 7, someone who dresses in a business suit, as contrasted with more informal attire] A person, such as business executive, or government official, who is apt to view a situation formalistically, bureaucratically, or according to formal procedural ctriteria; -- used derogatively for one who is inflexible, esp. when a more humanistic or imaginative approach would be appropriate. --> Out of suits, having no correspondence. [Obs.] Shak. -- Suit and service (Feudal Law), the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war to follow them and do military service; -- called also suit service. Blackstone. -- Suit broker, one who made a trade of obtaining the suits of petitioners at court. [Obs.] -- Suit court (O. Eng. Law), the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord. -- Suit covenant (O. Eng. Law), a covenant to sue at a certain court. -- Suit custom (Law), a service which is owed from time immemorial. -- Suit service. (Feudal Law) See Suit and service, above. -- To bring suit. (Law) (a) To bring secta, followers or witnesses, to prove the plaintiff's demand. [Obs.] (b) In modern usage, to institute an action. -- To follow suit. (Card Playing) See under Follow, v. t.

Suit

Suit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suited; p. pr. & vb. n. Suiting.]

1. To fit; to adapt; to make proper or suitable; as, to suit the action to the word. Shak.

2. To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to befit.

Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well. Dryden.
Raise her notes to that sublime degree Which suits song of piety and thee. Prior.

3. To dress; to clothe. [Obs.]

So went he suited to his watery tomb. Shak.

4. To please; to make content; as, he is well suited with his place; to suit one's taste.

Suit

Suit, v. i. To agree; to accord; to be fitted; to correspond; -- usually followed by with or to.
The place itself was suiting to his care. Dryden.
Give me not an office That suits with me so ill. Addison.
Syn. -- To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match; answer.

Suitability

Suit`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.

Suitable

Suit"a*ble (?), a. Capable of suiting; fitting; accordant; proper; becoming; agreeable; adapted; as, ornaments suitable to one's station; language suitable for the subject. -- Suit"a*ble*ness, n. -- Suit"a*bly, adv. Syn. -- Proper; fitting; becoming; accordant; agreeable; competent; correspondent; compatible; consonant; congruous; consistent.

Suite

Suite (?), n. [F. See Suit, n.]

1. A retinue or company of attendants, as of a distinguished personage; as, the suite of an ambassador. See Suit, n., 5.

2. A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things used or clessed together; a set; as, a suite of rooms; a suite of minerals. See Suit, n., 6.

Mr. Barnard took one of the candles that stood upon the king's table, and lighted his majesty through a suite of rooms till they came to a private door into the library. Boswell.

3. (Mus.) One of the old musical forms, before the time of the more compact sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude. Some composers of the present day affect the suite form.

Suiting

Suit"ing (?), n. Among tailors, cloth suitable for making entire suits of clothes.

Suitor

Suit"or (?), n.

1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant.

She hath been a suitor to me for her brother. Shak.

2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc. (b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or the like.

Suitress

Suit"ress (?), n. A female supplicant. Rowe.

Suji

Su"ji (?), n. [Hind. s.] Indian wheat, granulated but not pulverized; a kind of semolina. [Written also soojee.]

Sula

Su"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Icel. s the gannet. See Solan goose.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of sea birds including the booby and the common gannet.

Sulcate, Sulcated

Sul"cate (?), Sul"ca*ted (?), a. [L. sulcatus, p.p. of sulcare to furrow, fr. sulcus a furrow.] Scored with deep and regular furrows; furrowed or grooved; as, a sulcated stem.

Sulcation

Sul*ca"tion (?), n. A channel or furrow.

Sulciform

Sul"ci*form (?), a. Having the form of a sulcus; as, sulciform markings.

Sulcus

Sul"cus (?), n.; pl. Sulci (#). [L., a furrow.] A furrow; a groove; a fissure.

Suleah fish

Su"le*ah fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A coarse fish of India, used in making a breakfast relish called burtah.

Sulk

Sulk (?), n. [L. sulcus.] A furrow. [Obs.]

Sulk

Sulk, v. i. [See Sulkiness.] To be silently sullen; to be morose or obstinate. T. Hook.

Sulker

Sulk"er (?), n. One who sulks.

Sulkily

Sulk"i*ly (?), adv. In a sulky manner.

Sulkiness

Sulk"i*ness, n. [For sulkenness, fr. AS. solcen slothful, remiss, in \'besolcen, besolcen, properly p.p. of sealcan in \'besealcan to be weak or slothful; of uncertain origin.] The quality or state of being sulky; sullenness; moroseness; as, sulkiness of disposition.

Sulks

Sulks (?), n. pl. The condition of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; as, to be in the sulks.

Sulky

Sulk"y (?), a. [Compar. Sulkier (?); superl. Sulkiest.] [See Sulkiness, and cf. Sulky, n.] Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose; splenetic. Syn. -- See Sullen.

Sulky

Sulk"y, n.; pl. Sulkies (#). [From Sulky, a.; -- so called from the owner's desire of riding alone.] A light two-wheeled carriage for a single person. &hand; Sulky is used adjectively in the names of several agricultural machines drawn by horses to denote that the machine is provided with wheels and a seat for the driver; as, sulky plow; sulky harrow; sulky rake, etc.

Sull

Sull (?), n. [AS. suluh, sulh, a plow; cf. OHG. suohili a little plow.] A plow. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Sullage

Sul"lage (?), n. [Cf. Suillage, Sulliage.]

1. Drainage of filth; filth collected from the street or highway; sewage. [Obs.]

The streets were exceedingly large, well paved, having many vaults and conveyances under them for sullage. Evelyn.

2. That which sullies or defiles. [Obs.]

It is the privilege of the celestial luminaries to receive no tincture, sullage, or difilement from the most noisome sinks and dunghills here below. South.

3. (Founding) The scoria on the surface of molten metal in the ladle.

4. (Hydraul. Engin.) Silt; mud deposited by water.

Sullage piece (Founding), the sprue of a casting. See Sprue, n., 1 (b).

Sullen

Sul"len (?), a. [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]

1. Lonely; solitary; desolate. [Obs.] Wyclif (Job iii. 14).

2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding. Milton.

Solemn hymns so sullen dirges change. Shak.

3. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.

Such sullen planets at my birth did shine. Dryden.

4. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor; morose.

And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast. Prior.

5. Obstinate; intractable.

Things are as sullen as we are. Tillotson.

6. Heavy; dull; sluggish. "The larger stream was placid, and even sullen, in its course." Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish; fretful; ill-humored; petulant; gloomy; malign; intractable. -- Sullen, Sulky. Both sullen and sulky show themselves in the demeanor. Sullenness seems to be an habitual sulkiness, and sulkiness a temporary sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition; the latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury. Thus we are in a sullen mood, and in a sulky fit.

No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows; The dreaded east is all the wind that blows. Pope.
-- Sul"len*ly, adv. -- Sul"len*ness, n.

Sullen

Sul"len, n.

1. One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. pl. Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness; as, to have the sullens. [Obs.] Shak.

Sullen

Sul"len, v. t. To make sullen or sluggish. [Obs.]
Sullens the whole body with . . . laziness. Feltham.

Sullevate

Sul"le*vate (?), v. t. [L. sublevare to raise up. Cf. Sublevation.] To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Daniel.
Page 1443

Sulliage

Sul"li*age (?), n. [Cf. Sullage, Suillage, or Sully, v. t.] Foulness; filth. [Obs.]
Though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left some sulliage behind. Gov. of Tongue.

Sully

Sul"ly (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sullied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sullying (?).] [OE. sulien, AS. sylian, fr. sol mire; akin to G. suhle mire, sich, s\'81hlen to wallow, Sw. s\'94la to bemire, Dan. s\'94le, Goth. bisaulijan to defile.] To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken; -- used literally and figuratively; as, to sully a sword; to sully a person's reputation.
Statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke. Roscommon.
No spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity. Atterbury.

Sully

Sul"ly, v. i. To become soiled or tarnished.
Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.

Sully

Sul"ly, n.; pl. Sullies (. Soil; tarnish; stain.
A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies in his reputation. Spectator.

Sulphacid

Sulph*ac"id (?), n. [Sulpho- + acid.] (Chem.) An acid in which, to a greater or less extent, sulphur plays a part analogous to that of oxygen in an oxyacid; thus, thiosulphuric and sulpharsenic acids are sulphacids; -- called also sulphoacid. See the Note under Acid, n., 2.

Sulphamate

Sulph*am"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphamic acid.

Sulphamic

Sulph*am"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a sulphamide; derived from, or related to, a sulphamide; specifically, designating an amido acid derivative, NH2.SO2.OH, of sulphuric acid (analogous to sulphonic acid) which is not known in the free state, but is known in its salts.

Sulphamide

Sulph*am"ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of amido compounds obtained by treating sulphuryl chloride with various amines.

Sulphanilic

Sulph`a*nil"ic (?), a. [From sulphuric + anilene.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anilene sulphonic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Sulphantimonate

Sulph*an`ti*mo"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphantimonic acid.

Sulphantimonic

Sulph*an`ti*mon"ic (?), a. [Sulpho- + antimonic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonic acid) analogous to sulpharsenic acid.

Sulphantimonious

Sulph*an`ti*mo"ni*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonious acid) analogous to sulpharsenious acid.

Sulphantimonite

Sulph*an"ti*mo*nite` (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphantimonious acid.

Sulpharsenate

Sulph*ar"se*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulpharsenic acid.

Sulpharsenic

Sulph`ar*sen"ic (?), a. [Sulpho\'cf + arsenic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenic acid) analogous to arsenic acid, and known only in its salts.

Sulpharsenious

Sulph`ar*se"ni*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenious acid) analogous to arsenious acid, and known only in its salts.

Sulpharsenite

Sulph*ar"se*nite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulpharsenious acid.

Sulphate

Sul"phate (?), n. [NL. sulphas, sulphatis, fr. L. sulphur, sulfur, brimstone, sulphur: cf. F. sulfate.] (Chem.) A salt of sulphuric acid.

Sulphatic

Sul*phat"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, a sulphate or sulphates.

Sulphato-

Sul"pha*to- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting a sulphate as an ingredient in certain double salts; as, sulphato-carbonate. [R.]

Sulphaurate

Sulph*au"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphauric acid.

Sulphauric

Sulph*au"ric (?), a. [Sulpho\'cf + aurum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of gold (aurum), known only in its salts.

Sulphide

Sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of sulphur, or one so regarded; -- formerly called sulphuret. Double sulphide (Chem.), a compound of two sulphides. -- Hydrogen sulphide. (Chem.) See under Hydrogen. -- Metallic sulphide, a binary compound of sulphur with a metal.

Sulphinate

Sul"phi*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of a sulphinic acid.

Sulphindigotic

Sulph*in`di*got"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained, as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid; -- formerly called also cerulic sulphuric acid, but properly called indigo-disulphonic acid.

Sulphine

Sul"phine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances having a peculiar odor; as, trimethyl sulphine, (CH3)3S.OH. Cf. Sulphonium.

Sulphinic

Sul*phin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of acids regarded as acid ethereal salts of hyposulphurous acid; as, methyl sulphinic acid, CH3.SO.OH, a thick unstable liquid.

Sulphinide

Sul"phi*nide (?), n. [Sulpho\'cf + amine + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white or yellowish crystalline substance, C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH, produced artificially by the oxidation of a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the sweetest substance known, having over two hundred times the sweetening power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the name of saccharine. It has acid properties and forms salts (which are inaccurately called saccharinates). I. Remsen.

Sulphion

Sul"phi*on (?), n. [Sulpho- + ion.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical, SO4, regarded as forming the acid or negative constituent of sulphuric acid and the sulphates in electrolytic decomposition; -- so called in accordance with the binary theory of salts. [Written also sulphione.]

Sulphionide

Sulph*i"on*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of sulphion, or one so regarded; thus, sulphuric acid, Hsulphionide.

Sulphite

Sul"phite (?), n. [Cf. F. sulfite. See Sulphur.] (Chem.) A salt of sulphurous acid.

Sulpho-

Sul"pho- (?). (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) designating sulphur as an ingredient in certain compounds. Cf. Thio-.

Sulphoarsenic

Sul`pho*ar*sen"ic (?), a. (Chem.)Of, pertaining to, or containing, sulphur and arsenic; -- said of an acid which is the same as arsenic acid with the substitution of sulphur for oxygen.

Sulphocarbonate

Sul`pho*car"bon*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphocarbonic acid; a thiocarbonate.

Sulphocarbonic

Sul`pho*car*bon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid, H2CSO2 (called also thiocarbonic acid), or an acid, H2CS3, analogous to carbonic acid, obtained as a yellow oily liquid of a pungent odor, and forming salts.

Sulphocyanate

Sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphocyanic acid; -- also called thiocyanate, and formerly inaccurately sulphocyanide. Ferric sulphocyanate (Chem.), a dark red crystalline substance usually obtained in a blood-red solution, and recognized as a test for ferric iron.

Sulphocyanic

Sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. [See Sulphur, Cyanic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a sulphacid, HSCN, analogous to cyanic acid, and obtained as a colorless deliquescent crystalline substance, having a bitter saline taste, and not poisonous.

Sulphocyanide

Sul`pho*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) See Sulphocyanate.

Sulphocyanogen

Sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) See Persulphocyanogen. [Obs.]

Sulphonal

Sul"pho*nal (?), n. (Med.) A substance employed as a hypnotic, produced by the union of mercaptan and acetone.

Sulphonate

Sul"pho*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphonic acid.

Sulphone

Sul"phone (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones, and consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two hydrocarbon radicals; as, dimethyl sulphone, (CH.SO

Sulphonic

Sul*phon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, a sulphone; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series of acids (regarded as acid ethereal salts of sulphurous acid) obtained by the oxidation of the mercaptans, or by treating sulphuric acid with certain aromatic bases (as benzene); as, phenyl sulphonic acid, C6H5.SO2.OH, a stable colorless crystalline substance. Sulphonic group (Chem.), the hypothetical radical, SO2.OH, the characteristic residue of sulphonic acids.

Sulphonium

Sul*pho"ni*um (?), n. [Sulphur + ammonium.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical, SH3, regarded as the type and nucleus of the sulphines.

Sulphophosphate

Sul`pho*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphophosphoric acid.

Sulphophosphite

Sul`pho*phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphophosphorous acid.

Sulphophosphoric

Sul`pho*phos*phor"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphoric acid, and known in its salts.

Sulphophosphorous

Sul`pho*phos"phor*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical acid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphorous acid, and known in its salts.

Sulphosalt

Sul"pho*salt` (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of a sulphacid.

Sulphostannate

Sul`pho*stan"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphostannic acid.

Sulphostannic

Sul`pho*stan"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid of tin (more exactly called metasulphostannic acid), which is obtained as a dark brown amorphous substance, H

Sulphotungstate

Sul`pho*tung"state (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sulphotungstic acid.

Sulphotungstic

Sul`pho*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, hypothetical sulphacid of tungsten (called also sulphowolframic acid), analogous to sulphuric acid, and known in its salts.

Sulphovinic

Sul`pho*vin"ic (?), a. [Sulpho- + vinum wine: cf. F. sulfovinique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric acid.

Sulphur

Sul"phur (?), n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]

1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96. &hand; It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine (as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be obtained in two crystalline modifications, in orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the former of which is the more stable at ordinary temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical relations, of a group of elements, including selenium and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group, or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily Pierin\'91; as, the clouded sulphur (Eurymus, or Colias, philodice), which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United States.

Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle crystalline modification. -- Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid. -- Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan. -- Sulphur auratum [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder, consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a famous nostrum. -- Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic] -- Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly sulphurous acid. -- Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals, formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but with sulphur in the place of oxygen. -- Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt. -- Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great distance. -- Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3, obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and the production of heat, forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly sulphuric acid. -- Sulphur whale. (Zo\'94l.) See Sulphur-bottom. -- Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium.

Sulphurate

Sul"phu*rate (?), a. [L. sulphuratus, sulfuratus.] Sulphureous. [Poetic & R.] Dr. H. More.

Sulphurate

Sul"phu*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sulphurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sulphurating.] (Chem.) To sulphurize. [Archaic]

Sulphuration

Sul`phu*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sulfuration, L. sulphuratio, sulfuratio, a vein of sulphur.] The act or process of combining or impregnating with sulphur or its compounds; also, the state of being so combined or impregnated.

Sulphurator

Sul"phu*ra`tor (?), n. An apparatus for impregnating with, or exposing to the action of, sulphur; especially, an apparatus for fumigating or bleaching by means of the fumes of burning sulphur.

Sulphur-bottom

Sul`phur-bot"tom (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very large whalebone whale of the genus Sibbaldius, having a yellowish belly; especially, S. sulfureus of the North Pacific, and S. borealis of the North Atlantic; -- called also sulphur whale.

Sulphureity

Sul`phu*re"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being sulphureous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Sulphureous

Sul*phu"re*ous (?), a. [L. sulphureus, sulfureus.] Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.
Her snakes united, sulphureous waters drink. Pope.
-- Sul*phu"re*ous*ly, adv. -- Sul*phu"re*ous*ness, n.

Sulphuret

Sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphide; as, a sulphuret of potassium. [Obsoles.]

Sulphureted

Sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with sulphur; sulphurized. [Written also sulphuretted.] Sulphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Hydrogen sulphide, under Hydrogen.

Sulphuric

Sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.]

1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.

2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.

Sulphuric acid. (a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.] (b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen (from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks and dissolves many metals and other intractable substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood, clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin. It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and in general its manufacture is the most important and fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol, and oil of vitriol. -- Fuming sulphuric acid, ∨ Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric. -- Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur. -- Sulphuric ether, common an\'91sthetic ether; -- so called because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. See Ether, 3 (a).<-- now usu. ether or ethyl ether. -->

Sulphurine

Sul"phur*ine (?), a. Sulphureous. [R.]

Sulphuring

Sul"phur*ing, n. Exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur, as in bleaching; the process of bleaching by exposure to the fumes of sulphur.

Sulphurize

Sul"phur*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine or impregnate with sulphur or any of its compounds; as, to sulphurize caoutchouc in vulcanizing.
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Sulphurous

Sul"phur*ous (?), a. [L. sulphurosus, sulfurosus: cf. F. sulfureux.]

1. Of or pertaining to sulphur.

2. (Chem.) (a) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the sulphuric compounds. (b) Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds.

Sulphurous acid. (a) Sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO3, not known in the free state except as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but forming a well-known series of salts (the sulphites). -- Sulphurous anhydride (Chem.), sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur.

Sulphurwort

Sul"phur*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The hog's fennel. See under Fennel.

Sulphury

Sul"phur*y (?), a. Resembling, or partaking of the nature of, sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur.

Sulphuryl

Sul"phur*yl (?), n. [Sulphur + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical SO2; -- called also sulphon. Sulphuryl chloride, a chloride, pungent, fuming liquid, SO2.Cl2, obtained by the action of phosphorus pentachloride on sulphur trioxide. On treatment with water it decomposes into sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, and is hence called also sulphuric chloranhydride.<-- used in organic chemistry to prepare acyl chlorides fro organic acids. -->

Sulphydrate

Sul*phy"drate (?), n. (Chem.) A compound, analogous to a hydrate, regarded as a salt of sulphydric acid, or as a derivative of hydrogen sulphide in which one half of the hydrogen is replaced by a base (as potassium sulphydrate, KSH), or as a hydrate in which the oxygen has been wholly or partially replaced by sulphur.

Sulphydric

Sul*phy"dric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen sulphide, which is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.

Sulpician

Sul*pi"cian (?), n. [So called after the parish of St. Sulpice in Paris, of which the founder, Jean Jacques Olier, was pastor in 1643.] (R. C. Ch.) One of an order of priests established in France in 1642 to educate men for the ministry. The order was introduced soon afterwards into Canada, and in 1791 into the United States. [Written also Sulpitian.]

Sultan

Sul"tan (?), n. [F. sultan (cf. Sp. soldan, It. sultano, soldano), Ar. sult\'ben sultan, dominion. Cf. Soldan.] A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so called. Sultan flower. (Bot.) See Sweet sultan, under Sweet.

Sultana

Sul*ta"na (?), n. [It.]

1. The wife of a sultan; a sultaness.

2. pl. A kind of seedless raisin produced near Smyrna in Asiatic Turkey.

Sultana bird (Zo\'94l.), the hyacinthine, or purple, gallinule. See Illust. under Gallinule.

Sultanate

Sul"tan*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. sultanat.] The rule or dominion of a sultan; sultanship.

Sultaness

Sul"tan*ess (?), n. A sultana.

Sultanic

Sul*tan"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a sultan.

Sultan-red

Sul"tan-red` (?), a. Having a deep red color.

Sultanry

Sul"tan*ry (?), n. The dominions of a sultan. Bacon.

Sultanship

Sul"tan*ship, n. The office or dignity of a sultan.

Sultany

Sul"tan*y (?), n. Sultanry. [Obs.] Fuller.

Sultryly

Sul"try*ly (?), adv. In a sultry manner.

Sultriness

Sul"tri*ness, n. The quality or state of being sultry.

Sultry

Sul"try (?), a. [Compar. Sultrier (?); superl. Sultriest.] [From Sweltry.]

1. Very hot, burning, and oppressive; as, Libya's sultry deserts.

Such as, born beneath the burning sky And sultry sun, betwixt the tropics lie. Dryden.

2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and oppressive, as air.

When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain plant. Addison.

Sum

Sum (?), n. [OE. summe, somme, OF. sume, some, F. somme, L. summa, fr. summus highest, a superlative from sub under. See Sub-, and cf. Supreme.]

1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12.

Take ye the sum of all the congregation. Num. i. 2.
&hand; Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and number to an aggregate of persons or things.

2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. "The sum of forty pound." Chaucer.

With a great sum obtained I this freedom. Acts xxii. 28.

3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.

4. Height; completion; utmost degree.

Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum of earthly bliss. Milton.

5. (Arith.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out. Macaulay.

A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole. Gladstone.
A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums. Dickens.
Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8, and -1 is 5. -- In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] "In sum, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin." Rogers.

Sum

Sum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Summing.] [Cf. F. sommer, LL. summare.]

1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up.

The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day. Bacon.

2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up.

"Go to the ant, thou sluggard," in few words sums up the moral of this fable. L'Estrange.
He sums their virtues in himself alone. Dryden.

3. (Falconry) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage.

But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings]. Milton.
Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a r\'82sum\'82; a summary. Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.

Sumac, Sumach

Su"mac, Su"mach (?), n. [F. sumac, formerly sumach (cf. Sp. zumaque), fr. Ar. summ\'beq.] [Written also shumac.]

1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small flowers. Some of the species are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese Rhus vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer.

2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing.

Poison sumac. (Bot.) See under Poison.

Sumatran

Su*ma"tran (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants. -- n. A native of Sumatra.

Sumbul

Sum"bul (?), n. [Pers.] The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous plant, Ferula Sumbul. It is used in medicine as a stimulant. [Written also sumbal.] -- Sum*bul"ic, a.

Sumless

Sum"less (?), a. Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the amount can not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable. "Sumless treasure." Pope.

Summarily

Sum"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a summary manner.

Summarist

Sum"ma*rist (?), n. One who summarized.

Summarize

Sum"ma*rize (?), v. t. To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly. Chambers.

Summary

Sum"ma*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. sommaire. See Sum.]

1. Formed into a sum; summed up; reduced into a narrow compass, or into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; as, a summary statement of facts.

2. Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed; as, a summary process; to take summary vengeance. Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.

Summary

Sum"ma*ry, n.; pl. Summaries (#). [F. sommaire, or L. summarium. See Summary, a.] A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account; an abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance of a fuller account.

Summation

Sum*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sommation. See Sum, v. t.] The act of summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also, an aggregate.
Of this series no summation is possible to a finite intellect. De Quincey.

Summer

Sum"mer (?), n. [From Sum, v.] One who sums; one who casts up an account.

Summer

Sum"mer, n. [F. sommier a rafter, the same word as sommier a beast of burden. See Sumpter.] (Arch.) A large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers, posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically: (a) The lintel of a door or window. (b) The commencement of a cross vault. (c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching from a wall to a girder. Called also summertree.

Summer

Sum"mer, n. [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin to OFries. sumur, D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. & Icel. sumar, Dan. sommer, Sw. sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr. sam\'be year. \'fb292.] The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly upon any region; the warmest period of the year. &hand; North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox, about September 22d. Indian summer, in North America, a period of warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is derived probably from the custom of the Indians of using this time in preparation for winter by laying in stores of food. -- Saint Martin's summer. See under Saint. -- Summer bird (Zo\'94l.), the wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] -- Summer colt, the undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when heated. [Eng.] -- Summer complaint (Med.), a popular term for any diarrheal disorder occurring in summer, especially when produced by heat and indigestion. -- Summer coot (Zo\'94l.), the American gallinule. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer cypress (Bot.), an annual plant (Kochia Scoparia) of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate, crowded leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens. -- Summer duck. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The wood duck. (b) The garganey, or summer teal. See Illust. of Wood duck, under Wood. -- Summer fallow, land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds. -- Summer rash (Med.), prickly heat. See under Prickly. -- Summer sheldrake (Zo\'94l.), the hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer snipe. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The common European sandpiper. (c) The green sandpiper. -- Summer tanager (Zo\'94l.), a singing bird (Piranga rubra) native of the Middle and Southern United States. The male is deep red, the female is yellowish olive above and yellow beneath. Called also summer redbird. -- Summer teal (Zo\'94l.), the blue-winged teal. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer wheat, wheat that is sown in the spring, and matures during the summer following. See Spring wheat. -- Summer yellowbird. (Zo\'94l.) See Yellowbird.

Summer

Sum"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Summered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Summering.] To pass the summer; to spend the warm season; as, to summer in Switzerland.
The fowls shall summer upon them. Isa. xviii. 6.

Summer

Sum"mer, v. t. To keep or carry through the summer; to feed during the summer; as, to summer stock.

Summer-fallow

Sum"mer-fal"low (?), v. t. To plow and work in summer, in order to prepare for wheat or other crop; to plow and let lie fallow.

Summerhouse

Sum"mer*house` (?), n.; pl. Summerhouses (. A rustic house or apartment in a garden or park, to be used as a pleasure resort in summer. Shak.

Summerliness

Sum"mer*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being like summer. [R.] Fuller.

Summersault, Summerset

Sum"mer*sault (?), Sum"mer*set (?), n. See Somersault, Somerset.

Summerstir

Sum"mer*stir` (?), v. t. To summer-fallow.

Summertide

Sum"mer*tide` (?), n. Summer time.

Summertree

Sum"mer*tree` (?), n. [Summer a beam + tree.] (Arch.) A summer. See 2d Summer.

Summery

Sum"mer*y (?), a. Of or pertaining to summer; like summer; as, a summery day.

Summist

Sum"mist (?), n. One who sums up; one who forms an abridgment or summary. Sir E. Dering.

Summit

Sum"mit (?), n. [F. sommet, dim. of OF. som, sum, top, from L. summum, from summus highest. See Sum, n.]

1. The top; the highest point.

Fixed on the summit of the highest mount. Shak.

2. The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the acme; as, the summit of human fame.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The most elevated part of a bivalve shell, or the part in which the hinge is situated.

Summit level, the highest level of a canal, a railroad, or the like, in surmounting an ascent.

Summitless

Sum"mit*less, a. Having no summit.

Summity

Sum"mit*y (?), n. [L. summitas, fr. summus highest: cf. F. sommit\'82. See Sum, n.]

1. The height or top of anything. [Obs.] Swift.

2. The utmost degree; perfection. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Summon

Sum"mon (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Summoning.] [OE. somonen, OF. sumundre, semondre, F. semondre, from (assumed) LL. summon&ecr;re, for L. summon\'c7re to give a hint; sub under + monere to admonish, to warn. See Monition, and cf. Submonish.]

1. To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; -- often with up.

Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. Shak.
Trumpets summon him to war. Dryden.

2. To give notice to, or command to appear, as in court; to cite by authority; as, to summon witnesses.

3. (Mil.) To call upon to surrender, as a fort. Syn. -- To call; cite; notify; convene; convoke; excite; invite; bid. See Call.

Summoner

Sum"mon*er (?), n. [OE. somner, sompnour, OF. semoneor, F. semonneur. See Summon, v. t.] One who summons; one who cites by authority; specifically, a petty officer formerly employed to summon persons to appear in court; an apparitor.

Summons

Sum"mons (?), n.; pl. Summonses (#). [OE. somouns, OF. sumunse, semonse, semonce, F. semonce, semondre to summon, OF. p.p. semons. See Summon, v.]

1. The act of summoning; a call by authority, or by the command of a superior, to appear at a place named, or to attend to some duty.

Special summonses by the king. Hallam.
This summons . . . unfit either to dispute or disobey. Bp. Fell.
He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer pardon; but neither summons nor pardon was regarded. Sir J. Hayward.

2. (Law) A warning or citation to appear in court; a written notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on a person, warning him to appear in court at a day specified, to answer to the plaintiff, testify as a witness, or the like.

3. (Mil.) A demand to surrender.

Summons

Sum"mons, v. t. To summon. [R. or Colloq.] Swift.

Sumner

Sum"ner (?), n. A summoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Sumoom

Su*moom" (?), n. See Simoom.

Sump

Sump (?), n. [Cf. G. sumpf a sump in a mine, a swamp, akin to LG. sump, D. somp a swamp, Dan. & Sw. sump, and perhaps to E. swamp.]

1. (Metal.) A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. Ray.

2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates there.

3. A pond of water for salt works. Knight.

4. A puddle or dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.]

Sump fuse, a fuse used in blasting under water. -- Sump men (Mining), the men who sink the sump in a mine.

Sumph

Sumph (?), n. A dunce; a blockhead. [Scot.]

Sumpitan

Sum"pi*tan (?), n. A kind of blowgun for discharging arrows, -- used by the savages of Borneo and adjacent islands.

Sumpter

Sump"ter (?), n. [OF. sommetier the driver of a pack horse; akin to OF. & F. sommier a pack horse, L. sagmarius, fr. sagma a pack saddle, in LL., a load, Gr. saj, sa\'a4j, to hang on. Cf. Seam a weight, Summer a beam.]

1. The driver of a pack horse. [Obs.] Skeat.

2. A pack; a burden. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

3. An animal, especially a horse, that carries packs or burdens; a baggage horse. Holinshed.

Sumpter

Sump"ter, a. Carrying pack or burdens on the back; as, a sumpter horse; a sumpter mule. Bacon.

Sumption

Sump"tion (?), n. [L. sumptio, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take.]

1. A taking. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

2. (Logic) The major premise of a syllogism.

Sumptuary

Sump"tu*a*ry (?), a. [L. sumptuarius, fr. sumptus expense, cost, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take, use, spend; sub under + emere to take, buy: cf. F. somptuaire. See Redeem.] Relating to expense; regulating expense or expenditure. Bacon. Sumptuary laws ∨ regulations, laws intended to restrain or limit the expenditure of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc.; laws which regulate the prices of commodities and the wages of labor; laws which forbid or restrict the use of certain articles, as of luxurious apparel.

Sumptuosity

Sump`tu*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. sumptuositas: cf. F. somptuosit\'82.] Expensiveness; costliness; sumptuousness. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.
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Sumptuous

Sump"tu*ous (?), a. [L. sumptuosus, fr. sumptus expanse, cost: cf. F. somptueux. See Sumptuary.] Involving large outlay or expense; costly; expensive; hence, luxurious; splendid; magnificient; as, a sumptuous house or table; sumptuous apparel.
We are too magnificient and sumptuous in our tables and attendance. Atterbury.
She spoke, and turned her sumptuous head, with eyes Of shining expectation fixed on mine. Tennyson.
-- Sump"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Sump"tu*ous*ness, n.

Sun

Sun (?), n. (Bot.) See Sunn.

Sun

Sun (?), n. [OE. sunne, sonne, AS. sunne; akin to OFries. sunne, D. zon, OS. & OHG. sunna, G. sonne, Icel. sunna, Goth. sunna; perh. fr. same root as L. sol. \'fb297. Cf. Solar, South.]

2. Any heavenly body which forms the center of a system of orbs.

3. The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine.

Lambs that did frisk in the sun. Shak.

4. That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation.

For the Lord God is a sun and shield. Ps. lxxiv. 11.
I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignity to posterity. Eikon Basilike.

1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and its absence night; the central body round which the earth and planets revolve, by which they are held in their orbits, and from which they receive light and heat. Its mean distance from the earth is about 92,500,000 miles, and its diameter about 860,000. &hand; Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is 32\'b7 4&sec;, and it revolves on its own axis once in 25photosphere, above which is an envelope consisting partly of hydrogen, called the chromosphere, which can be seen only through the spectroscope, or at the time of a total solar eclipse. Above the chromosphere, and sometimes extending out millions of miles, are luminous rays or streams of light which are visible only at the time of a total eclipse, forming the solar corona.

Sun and planet wheels (Mach.), an ingenious contrivance for converting reciprocating motion, as that of the working beam of a steam engine, into rotatory motion. It consists of a toothed wheel (called the sun wheel), firmly secured to the shaft it is desired to drive, and another wheel (called the planet wheel) secured to the end of a connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the planet wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel on the shaft, communicating to this latter a velocity of revolution the double of its own. G. Francis. -- Sun angel (Zo\'94l.), a South American humming bird of the genus Heliangelos, noted for its beautiful colors and the brilliant luster of the feathers of its throat. -- Sun animalcute. (Zo\'94l.) See Heliozoa. -- Sun bath (Med.), exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; insolation. -- Sun bear (Zo\'94l.), a species of bear (Helarctos Malayanus) native of Southern Asia and Borneo. It has a small head and short neck, and fine short glossy fur, mostly black, but brownish on the nose. It is easily tamed. Called also bruang, and Malayan bear. -- Sun beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small lustrous beetle of the genus Amara. -- Sun bittern (Zo\'94l.), a singular South American bird (Eurypyga helias), in some respects related both to the rails and herons. It is beautifully variegated with white, brown, and black. Called also sunbird, and tiger bittern. -- Sun fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sun stroke. -- Sun gem (Zo\'94l.), a Brazilian humming bird (Heliactin cornutus). Its head is ornamented by two tufts of bright colored feathers, fiery crimson at the base and greenish yellow at the tip. Called also Horned hummer. -- Sun grebe (Zo\'94l.), the finfoot. -- Sun picture, a picture taken by the agency of the sun's rays; a photograph. -- Sun spots (Astron.), dark spots that appear on the sun's disk, consisting commonly of a black central portion with a surrounding border of lighter shade, and usually seen only by the telescope, but sometimes by the naked eye. They are very changeable in their figure and dimensions, and vary in size from mere apparent points to spaces of 50,000 miles in diameter. The term sun spots is often used to include bright spaces (called facul\'91) as well as dark spaces (called macul\'91). Called also solar spots. See Illustration in Appendix. -- Sun star (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of starfishes belonging to Solaster, Crossaster, and allied genera, having numerous rays. -- Sun trout (Zo\'94l.), the squeteague. -- Sun wheel. (Mach.) See Sun and planet wheels, above. -- Under the sun, in the world; on earth. "There is no new thing under the sun." Eccl. i. 9. &hand; Sun is often used in the formation of compound adjectives of obvious meaning; as, sun-bright, sun-dried, sun-gilt, sunlike, sun-lit, sun-scorched, and the like.

Sun

Sun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sunning.] To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the sun; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain.
Then to sun thyself in open air. Dryden.

Sunbeam

Sun"beam` (?), n. [AS. sunnebeam.] A beam or ray of the sun. "Evening sunbeams." Keble.
Thither came Uriel, gliding through the even On a sunbeam. Milton.

Sunbird

Sun"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small brilliantly colored birds of the family Nectariniid\'91, native of Africa, Southern Asia, the East Indies, and Australia. In external appearance and habits they somewhat resemble humming birds, but they are true singing birds (Oscines). (b) The sun bittern.

Sunblink

Sun"blink` (?), n. A glimpse or flash of the sun. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Sunbonnet

Sun"bon"net (?), n. A bonnet, generally made of some thin or light fabric, projecting beyond the face, and commonly having a cape, -- worn by women as a protection against the sun.

Sunbow

Sun"bow` (?), n. A rainbow; an iris. Byron.

Sunburn

Sun"burn` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunburned (?) or Sunburnt (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sunburning.] To burn or discolor by the sun; to tan.
Sunburnt and swarthy though she be. Dryden.

Sunburn

Sun"burn`, n. The burning or discoloration produced on the skin by the heat of the sun; tan.

Sun-burner

Sun"-burn`er (?), n. A circle or cluster of gas-burners for lighting and ventilating public buildings.

Sunburning

Sun"burn`ing, n. Sunburn; tan. Boyle.

Sunburst

Sun"burst` (?), n. A burst of sunlight.

Sundart

Sun"dart` (?), n. Sunbeam. [R.] Mrs. Hemans.

Sunday

Sun"day (?), n. [AS. sunnand\'91g; sunne, gen. sunnan, the sun + d\'91g day; akin to D. zondag, G. sonntag; -- so called because this day was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship. See Sun, and Day.] The first day of the week, -- consecrated among Christians to rest from secular employments, and to religious worship; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day. Advent Sunday, Low Sunday, Passion Sunday, etc. See under Advent, Low, etc. Syn. -- See Sabbath.

Sunday

Sun"day, a. Belonging to the Christian Sabbath. Sunday letter. See Dominical letter, under Dominical. -- Sunday school. See under School.

Sunder

Sun"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sundering.] [OE. sundren, AS. sundrain (in \'besundrain, gesundrain), from sundor asunder, separately, apart; akin to D. zonder, prep., without, G. sonder separate, as prep., without, sondern but, OHG. suntar separately, Icel. sundr asunder, Sw. & Dan. s\'94nder, Goth. sundr\'d3 alone, separately.] To disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; to part; to put or keep apart; to separate; to divide; to sever; as, to sunder a rope; to sunder a limb; to sunder friends.
It is sundered from the main land by a sandy plain. Carew.

Sunder

Sun"der, v. i. To part; to separate. [R.] Shak.

Sunder

Sun"der, n. [See Sunder, v. t., and cf. Asunder.] A separation into parts; a division or severance. In sunder, into parts. "He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder." Ps. xlvi. 9.

Sunder

Sun"der, v. t. To expose to the sun and wind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Sundew

Sun"dew` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Drosera, low bog plants whose leaves are beset with pediceled glands which secrete a viscid fluid that glitters like dewdrops and attracts and detains insects. After an insect is caught, the glands curve inward like tentacles and the leaf digests it. Called also lustwort.

Sundial

Sun"di`al (?), n. An instrument to show the time of day by means of the shadow of a gnomon, or style, on a plate. Sundial shell (Zo\'94l.), any shell of the genus Solarium. See Solarium.

Sundog

Sun"dog` (?), n. (Meteorol.) A luminous spot occasionally seen a few degrees from the sun, supposed to be formed by the intersection of two or more halos, or in a manner similar to that of halos.

Sundown

Sun"down` (?), n.

1. The setting of the sun; sunset. "When sundown skirts the moor." Tennyson.

2. A kind of broad-brimmed sun hat worn by women.

Sun-dried

Sun"-dried` (?), a. Dried by the heat of the sun. "Sun-dried brick." Sir T. Herbert.

Sundries

Sun"dries (?), n. pl. Many different or small things; sundry things.

Sundrily

Sun"dri*ly (?), adv. In sundry ways; variously.

Sundry

Sun"dry (?), a. [OE. sundry, sondry, AS. syndrig, fr. sundor asunder. See Sunder, v. t.]

1. Several; divers; more than one or two; various. "Sundry wines." Chaucer. "Sundry weighty reasons." Shak.

With many a sound of sundry melody. Chaucer.
Sundry foes the rural realm surround. Dryden.

2. Separate; diverse. [Obs.]

Every church almost had the Bible of a sundry translation. Coleridge.
All and sundry, all collectively, and each separately.

Sundryman

Sun"dry*man (?), n.; pl. Sundrymen (. One who deals in sundries, or a variety of articles.

Sunfish

Sun"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very large oceanic plectognath fish (Mola mola, Mola rotunda, or Orthagoriscus mola) having a broad body and a truncated tail. (b) Any one of numerous species of perch-like North American fresh-water fishes of the family Centrachid\'91. They have a broad, compressed body, and strong dorsal spines. Among the common species of the Eastern United States are Lepomis gibbosus (called also bream, pondfish, pumpkin seed, and sunny), the blue sunfish, or dollardee (L. pallidus), and the long-eared sunfish (L. auritus). Several of the species are called also pondfish. (c) The moonfish, or bluntnosed shiner. (d) The opah. (e) The basking, or liver, shark. (f) Any large jellyfish.

Sunflower

Sun"flow`er (?), n. Any plant of the genus Helianthus; -- so called probably from the form and color of its flower, which is large disk with yellow rays. The commonly cultivated sunflower is Helianthus annuus, a native of America.

Sung

Sung (?), imp. & p. p. of Sing.

Sunglass

Sun"glass` (?), n.; pl. Sunglasses (. A convex lens of glass for producing heat by converging the sun's rays into a focus. "Lighting a cigar with a sunglass." Hawthorne.

Sunglow

Sun"glow` (?), n. A rosy flush in the sky seen after sunset.

Sunk

Sunk (?), imp. & p. p. of Sink. Sunk fence, a ditch with a retaining wall, used to divide lands without defacing a landscape; a ha-ha.

Sunken

Sunk"en (?), a. Lying on the bottom of a river or other water; sunk.

Sunless

Sun"less (?), a. Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
The sunken glen whose sunless shrubs must weep. Byron.

Sunlight

Sun"light` (?), n. The light of the sun. Milton.

Sunlike

Sun"like` (?), a. Like or resembling the sun. "A spot of sunlike brilliancy." Tyndall.

Sunlit

Sun"lit` (?), a. Lighted by the sun.

Sunn

Sunn (?), n. [Hind. san, fr. Skr. \'87ana.] (Bot.) An East Indian leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea) and its fiber, which is also called sunn hemp. [Written also sun.]

Sunna

Sun"na (?), n. [Ar. sunnah rule, law.] A collection of traditions received by the orthodox Mohammedans as of equal authority with the Koran.

Sunniah

Sun"ni*ah (?), n. One of the sect of Sunnites.

Sunniness

Sun"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sunny.

Sunnite

Sun"nite (?), n. One of the orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of equal importance with the Koran.

Sunnud

Sun"nud (?), n. [Hind., fr. Ar. sanad.] A charter or warrant; also, a deed of gift. [India]

Sunny

Sun"ny (?), a. [Compar. Sunnier (?); superl. Sunniest.]

1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant. "Sunny beams." Spenser. "Sunny locks." Shak.

2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; brightened or warmed by the direct rays of the sun; as, a sunny room; the sunny side of a hill.

Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores. Addison.

3. Cheerful; genial; as, a sunny disposition.

My decayed fair A sunny look of his would soon repair. Shak.

Sunny

Sun"ny, n. (Zo\'94l.) See Sunfish (b).

Sunproof

Sun"proof` (?), a. Impervious to the rays of the sun. "Darksome yew, sunproof." Marston.

Sunrise, Sunrising

Sun"rise` (?), Sun"ris`ing, n.

1. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather; as, to begin work at sunrise. "The tide of sunrise swells." Keble.

2. Hence, the region where the sun rises; the east.

Which were beyond Jordan toward the sunrising. Deut. iv. 47 (Rev. Ver.)
Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of travel slack, And, bending o'ev his saddle, leaves the sunrise at his back. Whittier.

Sunset, Sunsetting

Sun"set" (?), Sun"set`ting, n.

1. The descent of the sun below the horizon; also, the time when the sun sets; evening. Also used figuratively.

'T is the sunset of life gives me mystical lore. Campbell.

2. Hence, the region where the sun sets; the west.

Sunset shell (Zo\'94l.), a West Indian marine bivalve (Tellina radiata) having a smooth shell marked with radiating bands of varied colors resembling those seen at sunset or before sunrise; -- called also rising sun.

Sunshade

Sun"shade` (?), n. Anything used as a protection from the sun's rays. Specifically: (a) A small parasol. (b) An awning.

Sunshine

Sun"shine` (?), n.

1. The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.

But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon Culminate from the equator. Milton.

2. Anything which has a warming and cheering influence like that of the rays of the sun; warmth; illumination; brightness.

That man that sits within a monarch's heart, And ripens in the sunshine of his favor. Shak.
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Sunshine

Sun"shine` (?), a. Sunshiny; bright. Shak. "Sunshine hours." Keble.

Sunshiny

Sun"shin`y (?), a.

1. Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm, or pleasant; as, a sunshiny day.

2. Bright like the sun; resplendent.

Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield. Spenser.

3. Beaming with good spirits; cheerful. "Her sunshiny face." Spenser.

Sunsquall

Sun"squall` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any large jellyfish.

Sun star

Sun" star` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Sun star, under Sun.

Sunsted

Sun"sted (?), n. [Sun + stead a place.] Solstice. [Obs.] "The summer sunsted." Holland.

Sunstone

Sun"stone` (?), n. (Med.) Aventurine feldspar. See under Aventurine.

Sunstroke

Sun"stroke` (?), n. (Med.) Any affection produced by the action of the sun on some part of the body; especially, a sudden prostration of the physical powers, with symptoms resembling those of apoplexy, occasioned by exposure to excessive heat, and often terminating fatally; coup de soleil.

Sun-struck

Sun"-struck` (?), a. (Med.) Overcome by, or affected with, sunstroke; as, sun-struck soldiers.

Sunup

Sun"up` (?), n. Sunrise. [Local, U.S.]
Such a horse as that might get over a good deal of ground atwixt sunup and sundown. Cooper.

Sunward

Sun"ward (?), adv. Toward the sun.

Sunwise

Sun"wise` (?), adv. In the direction of the sun's apparent motion, or from the east southward and westward, and so around the circle; also, in the same direction as the movement of the hands of a watch lying face upward.

Sup

Sup (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supping.] [OE. soupen to drink, AS. s; akin to D. zuipen, G. saufen, OHG. s, Icel. s, Sw. supa, Dan. s\'94be. Cf. Sip, Sop, Soup, Supper.] To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip.
There I'll sup Balm and nectar in my cup. Crashaw.

Sup

Sup, n. A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip.
Tom Thumb had got a little sup. Drayton.

Sup

Sup, v. i. [See Supper.] To eat the evening meal; to take supper.
I do entreat that we may sup together.

Sup

Sup, v. t. To treat with supper. [Obs.]
Sup them well and look unto them all. Shak.

Supawn

Su*pawn" (?), n. [Of American Indian origin.] Boiled Indian meal; hasty pudding; mush. [Written also sepawn, sepon, and suppawn.] [Local, U.S.]

Supe

Supe (?), n. A super. [Theatrical Cant]

Super-

Su"per- (?). [L. super over, above; akin to Gr. sub under, and E. over. See Over, and cf. Hyper-, Sub-, Supra-, Sur-.]

1. A prefix signifying above, over, beyond, and hence often denoting in a superior position, in excess, over and above, in addition, exceedingly; as in superimpose, supersede, supernatural, superabundance.

2. (Chem.) A prefix formerly much used to denote that the ingredient to the name of which it was prefixed was present in a large, or unusually large, proportion as compared with the other ingredients; as in calcium superphosphate. It has been superseded by per-, bi-, di-, acid, etc. (as peroxide, bicarbonate, disulphide, and acid sulphate), which retain the old meanings of super-, but with sharper definition. Cf. Acid, a., Bi-, Di-, and Per-.

Super

Su"per, n. A contraction of Supernumerary, in sense 2. [Theatrical Cant]

Superable

Su"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. superabilis, from superare to go over, to surmount, fr. super above, over.] Capable of being overcome or conquered; surmountable.
Antipathies are generally superable by a single effort. Johnson.
-- Su"per*a*ble*ness, n. -- Su"per*a*bly, adv.

Superabound

Su`per*a*bound" (?), v. i. [L. superabundare: cf. OF. superabonder. See Super-, and Abound.] To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient; as, the country superabounds with corn.

Superabundance

Su`per*a*bun"dance (?), n. [L. superabundantia: cf. OF. superabondance.] The quality or state of being superabundant; a superabundant quantity; redundancy; excess.

Superabundant

Su`per*a*bun"dant (?), a. [L. superabundans, p.pr. of superabundare. See Superabound.] Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; redundant; as, superabundant zeal. -- Su`per*a*bun"dant*ly, adv.

Superacidulated

Su`per*a*cid"u*la`ted (?), a. Acidulated to excess. [R.]

Superadd

Su`per*add" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Superadding.] [L. superaddere. See Super-, and Add.] To add over and above; to add to what has been added; to annex, as something extrinsic.
The strength of any living creature, in those external motion, is something distinct from, and superadded unto, its natural gravity. Bp. Wilkins.
The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the nightingale's voice superadded to the beauty of his plumes. L'Estrange.

Superaddition

Su`per*ad*di"tion (?), n. The act of adding something in excess or something extraneous; also, something which is added in excess or extraneously.
This superaddition is nothing but fat. Arbuthnot.

Superadvenient

Su`per*ad*ven"ient (?), a. Coming upon; coming in addition to, or in assistance of, something. [R.]
He has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his God. Dr. H. More.

Superalimentation

Su`per*al`i*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act of overfeeding, or making one take food in excess of the natural appetite for it.

Superaltar

Su"per*al`tar (?), n. (Arch.) A raised shelf or stand on the back of an altar, on which different objects can be placed; a predella or gradino.

Superangelic

Su`per*an*gel"ic (?), a. Superior to the angels in nature or rank. [R.] Milman.

Superannuate

Su`per*an"nu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superannuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superannuating.] [Pref. super- + L. annus a year.]

1. To impair or disquality on account of age or infirmity. Sir T. Browne.

2. To give a pension to, on account of old age or other infirmity; to cause to retire from service on a pension.

Superannuate

Su`per*an"nu*ate (?), v. i. To last beyond the year; -- said of annual plants. [Obs.] Bacon.

Superannuation

Su`per*an`nu*a"tion (?), n. The state of being superannuated, or too old for office or business; the state of being disqualified by old age; decrepitude.
The world itself is in a state of superannuation. Cowper.
Slyness blinking through the watery eye of superannuation. Coleridge.

Superb

Su*perb" (?), a. [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over. See Super-.]

1. Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade.

2. Rich; elegant; as, superb furniture or decorations.

3. Showy; excellent; grand; as, a superb exhibition.

Superb paradise bird (Zo\'94l.), a bird of paradise (Paradis\'91a, ∨ Lophorina, superba) having the scapulars erectile, and forming a large ornamental tuft on each shoulder, and a large gorget of brilliant feathers on the breast. The color is deep violet, or nearly black, with brilliant green reflections. The gorget is bright metallic green. -- Superb warber. (Zo\'94l.) See Blue wren, under Wren. -- Su*perb"ly, adv. -- Su*perb"ness, n.

Superbiate

Su*per"bi*ate (?), v. t. [Cf. L. superbiare.] To make (a person) haughty. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.

Supercarbonate

Su`per*car"bon*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A bicarbonate. [Obsoles.]

Supercarbureted

Su`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Bicarbureted. [Written also supercarburetted.] [Obsoles.]

Supercargo

Su`per*car"go (?), n. [Super- + cargo: cf. Sp. sobrecargo. Cf. Surcharge.] An officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to manage the sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of the voyage.

Supercarpal

Su`per*car"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or in the upper part of, the carpus.

Supercelestial

Su`per*ce*les"tial (?), a. [Pref. super- + celestial: cf. L. supercaelestis.]

1. Situated above the firmament, or great vault of heaven. Waterland.

2. Higher than celestial; superangelic.

Supercharge

Su`per*charge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supercharged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supercharging (?).] [Pref. super- + charge. Cf. Surcharge.] (Her.) To charge (a bearing) upon another bearing; as, to supercharge a rose upon a fess.

Supercharge

Su`per*charge" (?), n. (Her.) A bearing charged upon another bearing. [R.]

Superchemical

Su`per*chem"ic*al (?), a. Above or beyond chemistry; inexplicable by chemical laws. J. Le Conte.

Superchery

Su*perch"er*y (?), n. [F. supercherie.] Deceit; fraud; imposition. [Obs. & R.]

Superciliary

Su`per*cil"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. supercilium an eyebrow. See Supercilious.]

1. Of or pertaining to the eyebrows; supraorbital.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a distinct streak of color above the eyes; as, the superciliary woodpecker.

Supercilious

Su`per*cil"i*ous (?), a. [L. superciliosus, fr. supercilium an eyebrow, pride; super over, + cilium an eyelid; probably akin to celare to conceal. Cf. Conceal.] Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; arrogant; as, a supercilious officer; asupercilious air; supercilious behavior. -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ly, adv. -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ness, n.

Supercilium

Su`per*cil"i*um (?), n. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The eyebrow, or the region of the eyebrows.

Supercolumniation

Su`per*co*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. (Arch.) The putting of one order above another; also, an architectural work produced by this method; as, the putting of the Doric order in the ground story, Ionic above it, and Corinthian or Composite above this.

Superconception

Su`per*con*cep"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) Superfetation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Superconsequence

Su`per*con"se*quence (?), n. Remote consequence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Supercrescence

Su`per*cres"cence (?), n. [See Supercrescent.] That which grows upon another growing thing; a parasite. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Supercrescent

Su`per*cres"cent (?), a. [L. supercrescens, p.pr. of supercrescere; super above + crescere to grow.] Growing on some other growing thing. [R.] Johnson.

Supercretaceous

Su`per*cre*ta"ceous (?), a. (Geol.) Same as Supracretaceous. <-- supercritical. Being at a temperature and pressure above the critical temperature and pressure. In a condition neither liquid nor gaseous. Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a solvent in separation chemistry. -->

Supercurious

Su`per*cu"ri*ous (?), a. Excessively curious or inquisitive. Evelyn.

Superdominant

Su`per*dom"i*nant (?), n. (Mus.) The sixth tone of the scale; that next above the dominant; -- called also submediant.

Supereminence, Supereminency

Su`per*em"i*nence (?), Su`per*em"i*nen*cy (?), n. [L. supereminentia.] The quality or state of being supereminent; distinguished eminence; as, the supereminence of Cicero as an orator, or Lord Chatham as a statesman. Ayliffe.
He was not forever beset with the consciousness of his own supereminence. Prof. Wilson.

Supereminent

Su`per*em"i*nent (?), a. [L. supereminens, p.pr. of supereminere. See Super-, and Eminent.] Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; as, a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ. -- Su`per*em"i*nent*ly, adv.

Supererogant

Su`per*er"o*gant (?), a. [L. supererogans, p.pr. See Supererogate.] Supererogatory. [Obs.]

Supererogate

Su`per*er"o*gate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supererogated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supererogating.] [L. supererogatus, p.p. of supererogare to spend or pay out over and above; super over, above + erogare to expend or pay out money from the public treasury after asking the consent of the people. See Super-, and Erogate, Rogation.] To do more than duty requires; to perform works of supererogation; to atone (for a dificiency in another) by means of a surplus action or quality.
The fervency of one man in prayer can not supererogate for the coldness of another. Milton.

Supererogation

Su`per*er`o*ga"tion (?), n. [L. supererogatio a payment in addition.] The act of supererogating; performance of more than duty or necessity requires. Works of supererogation (R. C. Ch.), those good deeds believed to have been performed by saints, or capable of being performed by men, over and above what is required for their own salvation.

Supererogative

Su`per*e*rog"a*tive (?), a. Supererogatory.

Supererogatory

Su`per*e*rog"a*to*ry (?), a. Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by duty or necessity; as, supererogatory services. Howell.

Superessential

Su`per*es*sen"tial (?), a. Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing. J. Ellis.

Superethical

Su`per*eth"ic*al (?), a. More than ethical; above ethics. Bolingbroke.

Superexalt

Su`per*ex*alt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superexalted; p. pr. & vb. n. Superexalting.] To exalt to a superior degree; to exalt above others. Barrow.

Superexaltation

Su`per*ex`al*ta"tion (?), n. Elevation above the common degree. Holyday.

Superexcellence

Su`per*ex"cel*lence (?), n. Superior excellence; extraordinary excellence.

Superexcellent

Su`per*ex"cel*lent (?), a. [Pref. super- + excellent: cf. L. superexcellens.] Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent. Drayton.

Superexcination

Su`per*ex`ci*na"tion (?), n. Excessive, or more than normal, excitation.

Superexcrescence

Su`per*ex*cres"cence (?), n. Something growing superfluously.

Superfamily

Su"per*fam`i*ly (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A group intermediate between a family and a suborder.

Superfecundation

Su`per*fec`un*da"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) Fertilization of two ova, at the same menstruation, by two different acts of coition.

Superfecundity

Su`per*fe*cun"di*ty (?), n. Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.

Superfetate

Su`per*fe"tate (?), v. i. [L. superfetare; super above, over + fetare to bring forth.] To conceive after a prior conception, but before the birth of the offspring.
The female . . . is said to superfetate. Grew.

Superfetation

Su`per*fe*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. superf\'82tation.] (Physiol.) The formation of a fetus at the result of an impregnation occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of the second impregnation.
In then became a superfetation upon, and not an ingredient in, the national character. Coleridge.

Superfete

Su`per*fete" (?), v. i. To superfetate. [Obs.]

Superfete

Su`per*fete", v. t. To conceive (another fetus) after a former conception. [Obs.] Howell.

Superfice

Su"per*fice (?), n. A superficies. [Obs.] Dryden.

Superficial

Su`per*fi"cial (?), a. [L. superficialis: cf. F. superficiel. See Superficies.]

1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; lying on the surface; shallow; not deep; as, a superficial color; a superficial covering; superficial measure or contents; superficial tillage.

2. Reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or apparent; not deep or profound; shallow; -- said especially in respect to study, learning, and the like; as, a superficial scholar; superficial knowledge.

This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak.
He is a presumptuous and superficial writer. Burke.
That superficial judgment, which happens to be right without deserving to be so. J. H. Newman.
-- Su`per*fi"cial*ly, adv. -- Su`per*fi"cial*ness, n.

Superficialist

Su`per*fi"cial*ist, n. One who attends to anything superficially; a superficial or shallow person; a sciolist; a smatterer.

Superficiality

Su`per*fi`ci*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. superficialit\'82.] The quality or state of being superficial; also, that which is superficial. Sir T. Browne.

Superficialize

Su`per*fi"cial*ize (?), v. t. To attend to, or to treat, superficially, or in a shallow or slighting way. [R.]
It is a characteristic weakness of the day to superficialize evil. E. P. Whipple.

Superficiary

Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry (?), n. (Rom. Law) One to whom a right of surface occupation is granted; one who pays quitrent for a house built upon another man's ground.

Superficiary

Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; superficial.

2. (Rom. Law) Situated or built on another man's land, as a house.

Superficies

Su`per*fi"cies (?), n. [L., fr. super above, over + facies make, figure, shape. See Surface.]

1. The surface; the exterior part, superficial area, or face of a thing.

2. (Civil Law) (a) Everything on the surface of a piece of ground, or of a building, so closely connected by art or nature as to constitute a part of it, as houses, or other superstructures, fences, trees, vines, etc. (b) A real right consisting of a grant by a landed proprietor of a piece of ground, bearing a strong resemblance to the long building leases granted by landholders in England, in consideration of a rent, and under reservation of the ownership of the soil. Bouvier. Wharton.

Superfine

Su"per*fine (?), a.

1. Very fine, or most fine; being of surpassing fineness; of extra nice or fine quality; as, superfine cloth.

2. Excessively fine; too nice; over particular; as, superfine distinctions; superfine tastes.

Superfineness

Su"per*fine`ness, n. The state of being superfine.

Superfinical

Su`per*fin"i*cal (?), a. Extremely finical.

Superfluence

Su*per"flu*ence (?), n. [L. superfluens, p.pr. of superfluere to flow or run over. See Superfluous.] Superfluity. [Obs.] Hammond.

Superfluitant

Su`per*flu"i*tant (?), a. [L. super above + fluitans, p.pr. of fluitare intensive fr. fluere to flow.] Floating above or on the surface. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Su`per*flu"i*tance (#), n. [Obs.]
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Superfluity

Su`per*flu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Superfluities (#). [L. superfluit\'82, L. superfluitas. See Superfluous.]

1. A greater quantity than is wanted; superabundance; as, a superfluity of water; a superfluity of wealth.

A quiet mediocrity is still to be preferred before a troubled superfluity. Suckling.

2. The state or quality of being superfluous; excess. "By a superfluity abominable." Chaucer.

3. Something beyond what is needed; something which serves for show or luxury. Syn. -- Superabundance; excess; redundancy.

Superfluous

Su*per"flu*ous (?), a. [L. superfluus overflowing; super over, above + fluere to flow. See Super-, and Fluent.] More than is wanted or is sufficient; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; unnecessary; useless; excessive; as, a superfluous price. Shak.
An authority which makes all further argument or illustration superfluous. E. Everett.
Superfluous interval (Mus.), an interval that exceeds a major or perfect interval by a semitone. Syn. -- Unnecessary; useless; exuberant; excessive; redundant; needless. -- Su*per"flu*ous*ly, adv. -- Su*per"flu*ous*ness, n.

Superflux

Su"per*flux (?), n. Superabundance; superfluity; an overflowing. [R.] Shak.

Superf\'d2tation

Su`per*f\'d2*ta"tion (?), n. Superfetation.

Superfoliation

Su`per*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. Excess of foliation. Sir T. Browne.

Superfrontal

Su`per*fron"tal (?), n. (Eccl.) A cloth which is placed over the top of an altar, and often hangs down a few inches over the frontal.

Superfuse

Su`per*fuse" (?), a. To pour (something) over or on something else. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Superheat

Su`per*heat" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Superheating.]

1. To heat too much, to overheat; as, to superheat an oven.

2. (Steam Engine) To heat, as steam, apart from contact with water, until it resembles a perfect gas.

Superheat

Su"per*heat`, n. The increase of temperature communicated to steam by superheating it. <-- superheated. heated to a temperature above the boiling point at the ambient pressure; -- said of liquids. In such an unstable condition, a small disturbance of the liquid can cause a rapid and sometimes violent ebullition of vapor. -->

Superheater

Su"per*heat`er (?), n. (Steam Engine) An apparatus for superheating steam.

Superhive

Su"per*hive` (?), n. A removable upper part of a hive. The word is sometimes contracted to super.

Superhuman

Su`per*hu"man (?), a. Above or beyond what is human; sometimes, divine; as, superhuman strength; superhuman wisdom.

Superimpose

Su`per*im*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superimposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superimposing.] To lay or impose on something else; as, a stratum of earth superimposed on another stratum. -- Su`per*im`po*si"tion (#), n.

Superinpregnation

Su`per*in`preg*na"tion (?), n. The act of impregnating, or the state of being impregnated, in addition to a prior impregnation; superfetation.

Superincumbence, Superincumbency

Su`per*in*cum"bence (?), Su`per*in*cum"ben*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being superincumbent.

Superincumbent

Su`per*in*cum"bent (?), a. [L. superincumbens, p.pr. of superincumbere. See Super-, and Incumbent.] Lying or resting on something else.

Superinduce

Su`per*in*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superinduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superinducing (?).] [Pref. super- + induce: cf. L. superinducere to draw over.] To bring in, or upon, as an addition to something.
Long custom of sinning superinduces upon the soul new and absurd desires. South.

Superinducement

Su`per*in*duce"ment (?), n. Superinduction.

Superinduction

Su`per*in*duc"tion (?), n. The act of superinducing, or the state of being superinduced. South.

Superinfuse

Su`per*in*fuse" (?), v. t. [Pref. super- + infuse: cf. L. superinfundere, superinfusum, to pour over.] To infuse over. [R.]

Superinjection

Su`per*in*jec"tion (?), n. An injection succeeding another.

Superinspect

Su`per*in*spect" (?), v. t. [Pref. super- + inspect: cf. L. superinspicere, superinspectum.] To over see; to superintend by inspection. [R.] Maydman.

Superinstitution

Su`per*in`sti*tu"tion (?), n. One institution upon another, as when A is instituted and admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B instituted and admitted upon the presentation of another. Bailey.

Superintellectual

Su`per*in`tel*lec"tu*al (?), a. Being above intellect.

Superintend

Su`per*in*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superintended; p. pr. & vb. n. Superintending.] [L. superintendere. See Super-, and Intend.] To have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee with the power of direction; to take care of with authority; to supervise; as, an officer superintends the building of a ship or the construction of a fort.
The king may appoint a council, who may superintend the works of this nature. Bacon.
Syn. -- Superintend, Supervise. These words in general use are the synonymous. As sometimes used, supervise implies the more general, and superintend, the more particular and constant, inspection or direction. Among architects there is a disposition to use the word supervise in the sense of a general oversight of the main points of construction with reference to the design, etc., and to employ the word superintend to signify a constant, careful attention to all the details of construction. But this technical distinction is not firmly established.

Superintendence

Su`per*in*tend"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. superintendance.] The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose of direction; supervision. Barrow. Syn. -- Inspection; oversight; care; direction; control; guidance.

Superintendency

Su`per*in*tend"en*cy (?), n.; pl. -cies (. The act of superintending; superintendence. Boyle.

Superintendent

Su`per*in*tend"ent (?), a. [L. superintendens, p.pr. See Superintend.] Overseeing; superintending.

Superintendent

Su`per*in*tend"ent (?), n. [Cf. OF. superintendant, F. surintendant. Cf. Surintendant.] One who has the oversight and charge of some place, institution, or organization, affairs, etc., with the power of direction; as, the superintendent of an almshouse; the superintendent of public works. Syn. -- Inspector; overseer; manager; director; curator; supervisor.

Superintender

Su`per*in*tend"er (?), n. A superintendent. [R.]

Superinvestiture

Su`per*in*vest"i*ture (?), n. An outer vestment or garment. [R.] Bp. Horne.

Superior

Su*pe"ri*or (?), a. [L., compar. of superus being above, fr. super above, over: cf. F. sup\'82rieur. See Super-, and cf. Supreme.]

1. More elevated in place or position; higher; upper; as, the superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.

2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as, a superior officer; a superior degree of nobility.

3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the greatness, or value of any quality; greater in quality or degree; as, a man of superior merit; or of superior bravery.

4. Beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued or affected by; -- with to.

There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy than a great man superior to his sufferings. Spectator.

5. More comprehensive; as a term in classification; as, a genus is superior to a species.

6. (Bot.) (a) Above the ovary; -- said of parts of the flower which, although normally below the ovary, adhere to it, and so appear to originate from its upper part; also of an ovary when the other floral organs are plainly below it in position, and free from it. (b) Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is toward the main stem; posterior. (c) Pointing toward the apex of the fruit; ascending; -- said of the radicle.

Superior conjunction, Superior planets, etc. See Conjunction, Planet, etc. -- Superior figure, Superior letter (Print.), a figure or letter printed above the line, as a reference to a note or an index of a power, etc; as, in x2 + yn, 2 is a superior figure, n a superior letter. Cf. Inferior figure, under Inferior.<-- = superscripted number, letter -->

Superior

Su*pe"ri*or, n.

1. One who is above, or surpasses, another in rank, station, office, age, ability, or merit; one who surpasses in what is desirable; as Addison has no superior as a writer of pure English.

2. (Eccl.) The head of a monastery, convent, abbey, or the like.

Superioress

Su*pe"ri*or*ess, n. (Eccl.) A woman who acts as chief in a convent, abbey, or nunnery; a lady superior.

Superiority

Su*pe`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. sup\'82riorit\'82, LL. superioritas.] The quality, state, or condition of being superior; as, superiority of rank; superiority in merit. Syn. -- Pre\'89minence; excellence; predominancy; prevalence; ascendency; odds; advantage.

Superiorly

Su*pe"ri*or*ly (?), adv. In a superior position or manner.

Superjacent

Su`per*ja"cent (?), a. [L. superjacens, p.pr. of superjacere; super above + jacere to lie.] Situated immediately above; as, superjacent rocks.

Superlation

Su`per*la"tion (?), n. [L. superlatio. See Superlative.] Exaltation of anything beyond truth or propriety. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Superlative

Su`per*la"tive (?), a. [L. superlativus, fr. superlatus excessive, used as p.p. of superiorferre, but from a different root: cf. F. superlatif. See Elate, Tolerate.]

1. Lifted up to the highest degree; most eminent; surpassing all other; supreme; as, superlative wisdom or prudence; a woman of superlative beauty; the superlative glory of the divine character.

2. (Gram.) Expressing the highest or lowest degree of the quality, manner, etc., denoted by an adjective or an adverb. The superlative degree is formed from the positive by the use of -est, most, or least; as, highest, most pleasant, least bright. -- Su`per*la"tive*ly, adv. -- Su`per*la"tive*ness, n.

Superlative

Su`per*la"tive, n.

1. That which is highest or most eminent; the utmost degree.

2. (Gram.) (a) The superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, a form or word by which the superlative degree is expressed; as, strongest, wisest, most stormy, least windy, are all superlatives. <-- #sic. there is no definition (b)! -->

Absolute superlative, a superlative in an absolute rather than in a comparative or exclusive sense. See Elative.

Superlucration

Su`per*lu*cra"tion (?), n. [Pref. super- + L. lucratio gain.] Excessive or extraordinary gain. [Obs.] Davenant.

Superlunar, Superlunary

Su`per*lu"nar (?), Su`per*lu"na*ry (?), a. Being above the moon; not belonging to this world; -- opposed to sublunary.
The head that turns at superlunar things. Pope.

Supermaterial

Su`per*ma*te"ri*al (?), a. Being above, or superior to, matter.

Supermaxilla

Su`per*max*il"la (?), n. [NL. See Super-, and Maxilla.] (Anat.) The supermaxilla.

Supermaxillary

Su`per*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Supermaxillary.

Supermedial

Su`per*me"di*al (?), a. Above the middle.

Supermundane

Su`per*mun"dane (?), a. Being above the world; -- opposed to inframundane. Cudworth.

Supermundial

Su`per*mun"di*al (?), a. Supermundane. [Obs.]

Supernacular

Su`per*nac"u*lar (?), a. Like supernaculum; first-rate; as, a supernacular wine. [R.] Thackeray.

Supernaculum

Su`per*nac"u*lum (?), adv. & n. [NL., from L. super over + G. nagel, a nail, as of the finger, or a corruption of L. super and ungulam claw.]

1. A kind of mock Latin term intended to mean, upon the nail; -- used formerly by topers. Nares.

Drinking super nagulum [supernaculum], a device of drinking, new come out of France, which is, after a man hath turned up the bottom of the cup, to drop it on his nail and make a pearl with that is left; which if it slide, and he can not make it stand on by reason there is too much, he must drink again for his penance. Nash.

2. Good liquor, of which not enough is left to wet one's nail. Grose.

Supernal

Su*per"nal (?), a. [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F. supernel. See Super-.]

1. Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the supernal orbs; supernal regions. "That supernal judge." Shak.

2. Relating or belonging to things above; celestial; heavenly; as, supernal grace.

Not by the sufferance of supernal power. Milton.

Supernatant

Su`per*na"tant (?), a. [L. supernatanus, p.pr. of supernatare to swim above; super above + natare to swim.] Swimming above; floating on the surface; as, oil supernatant on water. <--

Supernatant

Su`per*na"tant (?), n. (Chem.) The liquid remaining after solids suspended in a liquid have been sedimented by gravity or by centrifugation. Contrasted with the solid sediment, or (in centrifugation) the pellet. -->

Supernatation

Su`per*na*ta"tion (?), n. The act of floating on the surface of a fluid. Sir T. Browne.

Supernatural

Su`per*nat"u*ral (?), a. [Pref. super- + natural: cf. OF. supernaturel, F. surnaturel.] Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature; miraculous. Syn. -- Preternatural. -- Supernatural, Preternatural. Preternatural signifies beside nature, and supernatural, above or beyond nature. What is very greatly aside from the ordinary course of things is preternatural; what is above or beyond the established laws of the universe is supernatural. The dark day which terrified all Europe nearly a century ago was preternatural; the resurrection of the dead is supernatural. "That form which the earth is under at present is preternatural, like a statue made and broken again." T. Burnet. "Cures wrought by medicines are natural operations; but the miraculous ones wrought by Christ and his apostles were supernatural." Boyle.
That is supernatural, whether it be, that is either not in the chain of natural cause and effect, or which acts on the chain of cause and effect in nature, from without the chain. Bushnell.
We must not view creation as supernatural, but we do look upon it as miraculous. McCosh.
The supernatural, whatever is above and beyond the scope, or the established course, of the laws of nature. "Nature and the supernatural." H. Bushnell.

Supernaturalism

Su`per*nat"u*ral*ism (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being supernatural; supernaturalness.

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the case. [Written also supranaturalism.]

Supernaturalist

Su`per*nat"u*ral*ist, n. One who holds to the principles of supernaturalism.

Supernaturalistic

Su`per*nat`u*ral*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to supernaturalism.

Supernaturality

Su`per*nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being supernatural.

Supernaturalize

Su`per*nat"u*ral*ize (?), v. t. To treat or regard as supernatural.

Supernaturally

Su`per*nat"u*ral*ly, adv. In a supernatural manner.

Supernaturalness

Su`per*nat"u*ral*ness, n. The quality or state of being supernatural.

Supernumerary

Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry (?), a. [L. supernumerarius: cf. OF. supernum\'82raire, F. surnum\'82raire. See Super-, and Numerary, Number.]

1. Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as, a supernumerary officer in a regiment.

2. Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number or quality; superfluous; as, supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense. Addison.

Supernumerary

Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry, n.; pl. Supernumeraries (.

1. A person or thing beyond the number stated.

2. A person or thing beyond what is necessary or usual; especially, a person employed not for regular service, but only to fill the place of another in case of need; specifically, in theaters, a person who is not a regular actor, but is employed to appear in a stage spectacle.

Superoccipital

Su`per*oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. Supraoccipital.

Superorder

Su`per*or"der (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A group intermediate in importance between an order and a subclass.

Superordination

Su`per*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. super- + ordination: cf. L. superordinatio.] The ordination of a person to fill a station already occupied; especially, the ordination by an ecclesiastical official, during his lifetime, of his successor. Fuller.

Superoxide

Su`per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) See Peroxide. [Obs.]

Superparticular

Su`per*par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [L. superparticularis. See Super-, and Particular.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is a unit, as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4. [Obs.] Hutton.

Superpartient

Su`per*par"tient (?), a. [L. superpartiens; super over + partiens, p.pr. of partire to divide.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is more than a unit, as that of 3 to 5, or 7 to 10. [Obs.] Hutton.

Superphosphate

Su`per*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) An acid phosphate. Superphosphate of lime (Com. Chem.), a fertilizer obtained by trating bone dust, bone black, or phosphorite with sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, is changed to the primary or acid calcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2, which is soluble and therefore available for the soil.

Superphysical

Su`per*phys"ic*al (?), a. Above or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws.
Something superphysical and superchemical. J. Le Conte.

Superplant

Su"per*plant` (?), n. A plant growing on another, as the mistletoe; an epiphyte. [Obs.] Bacon.

Superplease

Su`per*please" (?), v. t. To please exceedingly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Superplus

Su"per*plus (?), n. [Pref. super- + L. plus more. See Surplus.] Surplus. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

Superplusage

Su"per*plus`age (?), n. Surplusage. [Obs.] "There yet remained a superplusage." Bp. Fell.

Superpolitic

Su`per*pol"i*tic (?), a. More than politic; above or exceeding policy. Milton.
Page 1448

Superponderate

Su`per*pon"der*ate (?), v. t. To wiegh over and above. [Obs.]

Superposable

Su`per*pos"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being superposed, as one figure upon another.

Superpose

Su`per*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superposing.] [F. superposer. See Super-, and Pose.]

1. To lay upon, as one kind of rock on another.

2. (Geom.) To lay (a figure) upon another in such a manner that all the parts of the one coincide with the parts of the other; as, to superpose one plane figure on another.

Superposition

Su`per*po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. superposition. See Super-, and Position.] The act of superposing, or the state of being superposed; as, the superposition of rocks; the superposition of one plane figure on another, in geometry.

Superpraise

Su`per*praise" (?), v. t. To praise to excess.
To vow, and swear, and superpraise my parts. Shak.

Superproportion

Su`per*pro*por"tion (?), n. Overplus or excess of proportion. Sir K. Digby.

Superpurgation

Su`per*pur*ga"tion (?), n. Excessive purgation. Wiseman.

Superreflection

Su`per*re*flec"tion (?), n. The reflection of a reflected image or sound. [R.] Bacon.

Superregal

Su`per*re"gal (?), a. More than regal; worthy of one greater than a king. Waterland.

Superreward

Su`per*re*ward" (?), v. t. To reward to an excessive degree. Bacon.

Superroyal

Su`per*roy"al (?), a. Larger than royal; -- said of a particular size of printing and writing paper. See the Note under Paper, n.

Supersacral

Su`per*sa"cral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the sacrum.

Supersaliency

Su`per*sa"li*en*cy (?), n. The act of leaping on anything. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Supersalient

Su`per*sa"li*ent (?), a. [Pref. super- + L. saliens p.pr. of salire to leap.] Leaping upon. [Obs.]

Supersalt

Su`per*salt" (?), n. (Chem.) An acid salt. See Acid salt (a), under Salt, n.

Supersaturate

Su`per*sat"u*rate (?), v. t. To add to beyond saturation; as, to supersaturate a solution.

Supersaturation

Su`per*sat`u*ra"tion (?), n. The operation of supersaturating, or the state of being supersaturated.

Superscribe

Su`per*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superscribing.] [L. superscribere, superscriptum; super over + scribere to write. See Super-, and Scribe.] To write or engrave (a name, address, inscription, or the like) on the top or surface; to write a name, address, or the like, on the outside or cover of (anything); as, to superscribe a letter.

Superscript

Su"per*script (?), n. Superscription. [Obs.] "I will overglance the superscript." Shak.

Superscription

Su`per*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. superscriptio. See Superscribe.]

1. The act of superscribing.

2. That which is written or engraved on the surface, outside, or above something else; specifically, an address on a letter, envelope, or the like. Holland.

The superscription of his accusation was written over, The King of the Jews. Mark xv. 26.

3. (Pharm.) That part of a prescription which contains the Latin word recipe (Take) or the sign

Supersecular

Su`per*sec"u*lar (?), a. Being above the world, or secular things. Bp. Hall.

Supersede

Su`per*sede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superseded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superseding.] [L. supersedere, supersessum, to sit above, be superior to, forbear, omit; super above + sedere to sit: cf. F. supers\'82der. See Sit, and cf. Surcease.]

1. To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.

2. To displace, or set aside, and put another in place of; as, to supersede an officer.

3. To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to suspend; to stay.

Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known laws of natural motion. Bentley.

4. (Old Law) To omit; to forbear.

Supersedeas

Su`per*se"de*as (?), n. [L., suspend, set aside, stay, 2d pers. sing. present subjunctive of supersedere. See Supersede.] (Law) A writ of command to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases, or to stay proceedings under another writ. Blackstone.

Supersedure

Su*per*se"dure (?), n. The act of superseding, or setting aside; supersession; as, the supersedure of trial by jury. A. Hamilton.

Superseminate

Su`per*sem"i*nate (?), v. t. To sow, as seed, over something previously sown. [Obs.]
That can not be done with joy, when it shall be indifferent to any man to superseminate what he please. Jer. Taylor.

Supersemination

Su`per*sem`i*na"tion (?), n. The sowing of seed over seed previously sown. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

Supersensible

Su`per*sen"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. super- + sensible: cf. F. supersensible.] Beyond the reach of the senses; above the natural powers of perception.

Supersensitive

Su`per*sen"si*tive (?), a. Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive. -- Su`per*sen"si*tive*ness, n.

Supersensual

Su`per*sen"su*al (?), a. Supersensible.

Supersensuous

Su`per*sen"su*ous (?), a.

1. Supersensible.

2. Excessively sensuous.

Superserviceable

Su`per*serv"ice*a*ble (?), a. Overofficious; doing more than is required or desired. "A superserviceable, finical rogue." Shak.

Supersession

Su`per*ses"sion (?), n. [Cf. OF. supersession. See Supersede.] The act of superseding, or the state of being superseded; supersedure.
The general law of diminishing return from land would have undergone, to that extent, a temporary supersession. J. S. Mill.

Supersolar

Su`per*so"lar (?), a. Above the sun. Emerson.

Supersphenoidal

Su`per*sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.

Superspinous

Su`per*spi"nous (?), a. (Anat.) Supraspinuos.

Superstition

Su`per*sti"tion (?), n. [F. superstition, L. superstitio, originally, a standing still over or by a thing; hence, amazement, wonder, dread, especially of the divine or supernatural, fr. superstare to stand over; super over + stare to stand. See Super-, and Stand.]

1. An excessive reverence for, or fear of, that which is unknown or mysterious.

2. An ignorant or irrational worship of the Supreme Deity; excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance; also, a rite or practice proceeding from excess of sculptures in religion.

And the truth With superstitions and traditions taint. Milton.

3. The worship of a false god or gods; false religion; religious veneration for objects.

[The accusers] had certain questions against him of their own superstition. Acts xxv. 19.

4. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in magic, omens, prognostics, or the like.

5. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness. Syn. -- Fanaticism. -- Superstition, Fanaticism. Superstition springs from religious feeling misdirected or unenlightened. Fanaticism arises from this same feeling in a state of high-wrought and self-confident excitement. The former leads in some cases to excessive rigor in religious opinions or practice; in others, to unfounded belief in extraordinary events or in charms, omens, and prognostics, hence producing weak fears, or excessive scrupulosity as to outward observances. The latter gives rise to an utter disregard of reason under the false assumption of enjoying a guidance directly inspired. Fanaticism has a secondary sense as applied to politics, etc., which corresponds to the primary.

Superstitionist

Su`per*sti"tion*ist, n. One addicted to superstition. [Obs.] "Blind superstitionists." Dr. H. More.

Superstitious

Su`per*sti"tious (?), a. [F. superstitieux, L. superstitiosus.]

1. Of or pertaining to superstition; proceeding from, or manifesting, superstition; as, superstitious rites; superstitious observances.

2. Evincing superstition; overscrupulous and rigid in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion.

Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious. Acts xvii. 22.

3. Overexact; scrupulous beyond need.

Superstitious use (Law), the use of a gift or bequest, as of land, etc., for the maintenance of the rites of a religion not tolerated by the law. [Eng.] Mozley & W. -- Su`per*sti"tious*ly, adv. -- Su`per*sti"tious*ness, n.

Superstrain

Su`per*strain" (?), v. t. To overstrain. Bacon.

Superstatum

Su`per*sta"tum (?), n.; pl. Superstrata (. [NL.: cf. L. supersternere, superstratum, to spread upon. See Super-, and Stratum.] A stratum, or layer, above another.

Superstruct

Su`per*struct" (?), v. t. [L. superstructus, p.p. of superstruere to build upon; super over + struere to build. See Super-, and Structure.] To build over or upon another structure; to erect upon a foundation.
This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct first innocency and then virtue. Dr. H. More.

Superstruction

Su`per*struc"tion (?), n.

1. The act of superstructing, or building upon.

2. That which id superstructed, or built upon some foundation; an edifice; a superstructure.

My own profession hath taught me not to erect new superstructions upon an old ruin. Denham.

Superstructive

Su`per*struct"ive (?), a. Built or erected on something else. Hammond.

Superstructor

Su`per*struct"or (?), n. One who builds a superstructure. [R.] R. North.

Superstructure

Su`per*struc"ture (?), n. [Cf. F. superstructure.]

1. Any material structure or edifice built on something else; that which is raised on a foundation or basis; esp. (Arch.), all that part of a building above the basement. Also used figuratively.

You have added to your natural endowments the superstructure of study. Dryden.

2. (Railway Engin.) The sleepers, and fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed.

Supersubstantial

Su`per*sub*stan"tial (?), a. [Pref. super- + substantial: cf. F. supersubstantiel.] More than substantial; spiritual. "The heavenly supersubstantial bread." Jer. Taylor.

Supersubtle

Su`per*sub"tle (?), a. To subtle. Shak.

Supersulphate

Su`per*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) An acid sulphate. [Obs.]

Supersulphureted

Su`per*sul"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Supersulphurized. [Obs.] [Written also -sulphuretted.]

Supersulphurize

Su`per*sul"phur*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To impregnate or combine with an excess of sulphur.

Supertemporal

Su`per*tem"po*ral (?), n. That which is more than temporal; that which is eternal. [R.]

Superterranean

Su`per*ter*ra"ne*an (?), a. Being above ground. "Superterranean quarries." Mrs. Trollope.

Superterrene

Su`per*ter*rene" (?), a. [Pref. super- + terrene: cf. L. superterrenus.] Being above ground, or above the earth. [R.]

Superterrestrial

Su`per*ter*res"tri*al (?), a. Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the earth. Buckminster.

Supertonic

Su`per*ton"ic (?), n. (Mus.) The note next above the keynote; the second of the scale. Busby.

Supertragical

Su`per*trag"ic*al (?), a. Tragical to excess.

Supertuberation

Su`per*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. super- + tuber.] (Bot.) The production of young tubers, as potatoes, from the old while still growing.

Supervacaneous

Su`per*va*ca"ne*ous (?), a. [L. supervacaneus, supervacuus; super over + vacuus empty.] Serving no purpose; superfluous; needless. [Obs.] Howell.

Supervene

Su`per*vene" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supervened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supervening.] [L. supervenire, superventum, to come over, to come upon; super over + venire to come. See Super-, and Come, and cf. Overcome.] To come as something additional or extraneous; to occur with reference or relation to something else; to happen upon or after something else; to be added; to take place; to happen.
Such a mutual gravitation can never supervene to matter unless impressed by divine power. Bentley.
A tyrany immediately supervened. Burke.

Supervenient

Su`per*ven"ient (?), a. [L. superveniens, p.pr.] Coming as something additional or extraneous; coming afterwards.
That branch of belief was in him supervenient to Christian practice. Hammond.
Divorces can be granted, a mensa et toro, only for supervenient causes. Z. Swift.

Supervention

Su`per*ven"tion (?), n. [L. superventio.] The act of supervening. Bp. Hall.

Supervisal

Su`per*vis"al (?), n. Supervision. Walpole.

Supervise

Su`per*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supervised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supervising.] [Pref. super- + L. visere to look at attentively, to view, surely, intens. from videre, visum, to see. Cf. Survise, and Survey.]

1. To oversee for direction; to superintend; to inspect with authority; as, to supervise the construction of a steam engine, or the printing of a book.

2. To look over so as to read; to peruse. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- See Superintend.

Supervise

Su`per*vise", n. Supervision; inspection. [Obs.]

Supervision

Su`per*vi"sion (?), n. The act of overseeing; inspection; superintendence; oversight.

Supervisive

Su`per*vi"sive (?), a. Supervisory. [R.]

Supervisor

Su`per*vis"or (?), n.

1. One who supervises; an overseer; an inspector; a superintendent; as, a supervisor of schools.

2. A spectator; a looker-on. [Obs.] Shak.

Supervisory

Su`per*vi"so*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to supervision; as, supervisory powers.

Supervive

Su`per*vive" (?), v. t. [L. supervivere. See Survive.] To survive; to outlive. [Obs.]

Supervolute

Su`per*vo*lute" (?), a. [L. supervolutus, p.p. of supervolvere to roll over; super over + volvere to roll.] (Bot.) Having a plainted and convolute arrangement in the bud, as in the morning-glory.

Supination

Su`pi*na"tion (?), n. [L. supinare, supinatum, to bend or lay backward, fr. supinus supine: cf. F. supination. See Supine.] (Physiol.) (a) The act of turning the hand palm upward; also, position of the hand with the palm upward. (b) The act or state of lying with the face upward. Opposed to pronation.

Supinator

Su`pi*na"tor (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which produces the motion of supination.

Supine

Su*pine" (?), a. [L. supinus, akin to sub under, super above. Cf. Sub-, Super-.]

1. Lying on the back, or with the face upward; -- opposed to prone.

2. Leaning backward, or inclining with exposure to the sun; sloping; inclined.

If the vine On rising ground be placed, or hills supine. Dryden.

3. Negligent; heedless; indolent; listless.

He became pusillanimous and supine, and openly exposed to any temptation. Woodward.
Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless; inattentive; listless; careless; drowsy. -- Su*pine"ly, adv. -- Su*pine"ness, n.

Supine

Su"pine (?), n. [L. supinum (sc. verbum), from supinus bent or thrown backward, perhaps so called because, although furnished with substantive case endings, it rests or falls back, as it were, on the verb: cf. F. supin.] (Lat. Gram.) A verbal noun; or (according to C.F.Becker), a case of the infinitive mood ending in -um and -u, that in -um being sometimes called the former supine, and that in -u the latter supine.

Supinity

Su*pin"i*ty (?), n. [L. supinitas.] Supineness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Suppage

Sup"page (?), n. [From Sup.] What may be supped; pottage. [Obs.] Hooker.

Suppalpation

Sup`pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. suppalpari to caress a little; sub under, a little + palpare to caress.] The act of enticing by soft words; enticement. [Obs.]

Supparasitation

Sup*par`a*si*ta"tion (?), n. [See Supparasite.] The act of flattering to gain favor; servile approbation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Supparasite

Sup*par"a*site (?), v. t. [L. supparasitari; sub under, a little + parasitus a parasite.] To flatter; to cajole; to act the parasite. [Obs.] Dr. R. Clerke.

Suppawn

Sup*pawn" (?), n. See Supawn.

Suppedaneous

Sup`pe*da"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. sub- + L. pes, pedis, a foot: cf. L. suppedaneum a footstool.] Being under the feet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Suppeditate

Sup*ped"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. suppeditatus, p.p. of suppeditare to supply.] To supply; to furnish. [Obs.] Hammond.

Suppeditation

Sup*ped`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. suppeditatio.] Supply; aid afforded. [Obs.] Bacon.

Supper

Sup"per (?), n. [OE. soper, super, OF. super, soper, F. souper; originally an infinitive, to sup, take a meal. See Soup, and cf. Sup to take supper.] A meal taken at the close of the day; the evening meal. &hand; Supper is much used in an obvious sense, either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, supper time or supper-time, supper bell, supper hour, etc.

Supper

Sup"per, v. i. To take supper; to sup. [R.]

Supper

Sup"per, v. t. To supply with supper. [R.] "Kester was suppering the horses." Mrs. Gaskell.

Supperless

Sup"per*less, a. Having no supper; deprived of supper; as, to go supperless to bed. Beau. & Fl.

Supping

Sup"ping (?), n.

1. The act of one who sups; the act of taking supper.

2. That which is supped; broth. [Obs.] Holland.

Supplace

Sup*place" (?), v. t. To replace. [R.] J. Bascom.

Supplant

Sup*plant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplanted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supplanting.] [F. supplanter, L. supplantare to trip up one's heels, to throw down; sub under + planta the sole of the foot, also, a sucker, slip, sprout. Cf. Plant, n.]

1. To trip up. [Obs.] "Supplanted, down he fell." Milton.

2. To remove or displace by stratagem; to displace and take the place of; to supersede; as, a rival supplants another in the favor of a mistress or a prince.

Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend. Bp. Fell.

3. To overthrow, undermine, or force away, in order to get a substitute in place of.

You never will supplant the received ideas of God. Landor.
Syn. -- To remove; displace; overpower; undermine; overthrow; supersede.
Page 1449

Supplantation

Sup`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. supplantation, L. supplantatio hypocritical deceit.] The act of supplanting or displacing.
Habitual supplantation of immediate selfishness. Cloeridge.

Supplanter

Sup*plan"ter (?), n. One who supplants.

Supple

Sup"ple (?), a. [OE. souple, F. souple, from L. supplex suppliant, perhaps originally, being the knees. Cf. Supplicate.]

1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as, supple joints; supple fingers.

2. Yielding compliant; not obstinate; submissive to guidance; as, a supple horse.

If punishment . . . makes not the will supple, it hardens the offender. Locke.

3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning; obsequious. Addison. Syn. -- Pliant; flexible; yielding; compliant; bending; flattering; fawning; soft.

Supple

Sup"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suppling (?).]

1. To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple leather.

The flesh therewith she suppled and did steep. Spenser.

2. To make compliant, submissive, or obedient.

A mother persisting till she had bent her daughter's mind and suppled her will. Locke.
They should supple our stiff willfulness. Barrow.

Supple

Sup"ple, v. i. To become soft and pliant.
The stones . . . Suppled into softness as they fell. Dryden.

Supple-chapped

Sup"ple-chapped` (?), a. Having a limber tongue. [R.] "A supple-chapped flatterer." Marston.

Supple-jack

Sup"ple-jack` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A climbing shrub (Berchemia volubilus) of the Southern United States, having a tough and pliable stem. (b) A somewhat similar tropical American plant (Paullinia Curassavica); also, a walking stick made from its stem.
He was in form and spirit like a supple-jack, . . . yielding, but tough; though he bent, he never broke. W. Irving.
&hand; This name is given to various plants of similar habit in different British colonies.

Supplely

Sup"ple*ly, adv. In a supple manner; softly; pliantly; mildly. Cotgrave.

Supplement

Sup"ple*ment (?), n. [F. suppl\'82ment, L. supplementum, fr. supplere to fill up. See Supply, v. t.]

1. That which supplies a deficiency, or meets a want; a store; a supply. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. That which fills up, completes, or makes an addition to, something already organized, arranged, or set apart; specifically, a part added to, or issued as a continuation of, a book or paper, to make good its deficiencies or correct its errors.

3. (Trig.) The number of degrees which, if added to a specified arc, make it 180\'f8; the quantity by which an arc or an angle falls short of 180 degrees, or an arc falls short of a semicircle. Syn. -- Appendix. -- Appendix, Supplement. An appendix is that which is appended to something, but is not essential to its completeness; a supplement is that which supplements, or serves to complete or make perfect, that to which it is added.

Supplement

Sup"ple*ment (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplemented; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplementing.] To fill up or supply by addition; to add something to.
Causes of one kind must be supplemented by bringing to bear upon them a causation of another kind. I. Taylor.

Supplemental, Supplementary

Sup`ple*men"tal (?), Sup`ple*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. suppl\'82mentaire.] Added to supply what is wanted; additional; being, or serving as, a supplement; as, a supplemental law; a supplementary sheet or volume. Supplemental air (Physiol.), the air which in addition to the residual air remains in the lungs after ordinary expiration, but which, unlike the residual air, can be expelled; reserve air. -- Supplemental bill (Equity), a bill filed in aid of an original bill to supply some deffect in the latter, or to set forth new facts which can not be done by amendment. Burrill. Daniel. -- Supplementary chords (Math.), in an ellipse or hyperbola, any two chords drawn through the extremities of a diameter, and intersecting on the curve.

Supplementation

Sup`ple*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act of supplementing. C. Kingsley.

Suppleness

Sup"ple*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being supple; flexibility; pliableness; pliancy.

Suppletive, Suppletory

Sup"ple*tive (?), Sup"ple*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. suppl\'82tif, LL. suppletivus, from L. supplere, suppletum, to fill up. See Supply.] Supplying deficiencies; supplementary; as, a suppletory oath.

Suppletory

Sup"ple*to*ry, n.; pl. Suppletories (. That which is to supply what is wanted.
Invent suppletories to excuse an evil man. Jer. Taylor.

Supplial

Sup*pli"al (?), n. The act of supplying; a supply. "The supplial of a preposition." Fitzed. Hall.

Suppliance

Sup*pli"ance (?), n. [From Supply.] That which supplies a want; assistance; a gratification; satisfaction. [R.]
The perfume and suppliance of a minute. Shak.

Suppliance

Sup*pli"ance (?), n. [See Suppliant.] Supplication; entreaty.
When Greece her knee in suppliance bent. Halleck.

Suppliant

Sup"pli*ant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of supplier to entreat, L. supplicare. See Supplicate, and cf. Supplicant.]

1. Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching; supplicating.

The rich grow suppliant, and the poor grow proud. Dryden.

2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of supplication.

To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.
Syn. -- Entreating; beseeching; suing; begging; supplicating; imploring. -- Sup"pli*ant*ly, adv. -- Sup"pli*ant*ness, n.

Suppliant

Sup"pli*ant, n. One who supplicates; a humble petitioner; one who entreats submissively.
Hear thy suppliant's prayer. Dryden.

Supplicancy

Sup"pli*can*cy (?), n. Supplication. [R.]

Supplicant

Sup"pli*cant (?), a. [L. supplicans, p.pr. See Supplicate, and cf. Suppliant.] Entreating; asking submissively. Shak. -- Sup"pli*cant*ly, adv.

Supplicant

Sup"pli*cant, n. One who supplicates; a suppliant.
The wise supplicant . . . left the event to God. Rogers.

Supplicat

Sup"pli*cat (?), n. [L., he supplicates.] (Eng. Universities) A petition; esp., a written one, with a certificate that the conditions have been complied with.

Supplicate

Sup"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supplicating.] [L. supplicatus, p.p. of supplicare to supplicate; of uncertain origin, cf. supplex, supplicis, humbly begging or entreating; perhaps fr. sub under + a word akin to placare to reconcile, appease (cf. Placable), or fr. sub under + plicare to fold, whence the idea of bending the knees (cf. Ply, v. t.). Cf. Supple.]

1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; to ask for earnestly and humbly; as, to supplicate blessings on Christian efforts to spread the gospel.

2. To address in prayer; to entreat as a supplicant; as, to supplicate the Deity. Syn. -- To beseech; entreat; beg; petition; implore; importune; solicit; crave. See Beseech.

Supplicate

Sup"pli*cate, v. i. To make petition with earnestness and submission; to implore.
A man can not brook to supplicate or beg. Bacon.

Supplicatingly

Sup"pli*ca`ting*ly, adv. In a supplicating manner.

Supplication

Sup`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [F. supplication, L. supplicatio.]

1. The act of supplicating; humble and earnest prayer, as in worship.

2. A humble petition; an earnest request; an entreaty.

3. (Rom. Antiq.) A religious solemnity observed in consequence of some military success, and also, in times of distress and danger, to avert the anger of the gods. Syn. -- Entreaty; petition; solicitation; craving.

Supplicator

Sup"pli*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who supplicates; a supplicant.

Supplicatory

Sup"pli*ca*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. supplicatoire.] Containing supplication; humble; earnest.

Supplier

Sup*pli"er (?), n. One who supplies.

Supply

Sup*ply" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supplying (?).] [For older supploy, F. suppl\'82er, OF. also supployer, (assumed) LL. suppletare, from L. supplere, suppletum; sub under + plere to fill, akin to plenus full. See Plenty.]

1. To fill up, or keep full; to furnish with what is wanted; to afford, or furnish with, a sufficiency; as, rivers are supplied by smaller streams; an aqueduct supplies an artificial lake; -- often followed by with before the thing furnished; as, to supply a furnace with fuel; to supply soldiers with ammunition.

2. To serve instead of; to take the place of.

Burning ships the banished sun supply. Waller.
The sun was set, and Vesper, to supply His absent beams, had lighted up the sky. Dryden.

3. To fill temporarily; to serve as substitute for another in, as a vacant place or office; to occupy; to have possession of; as, to supply a pulpit.

4. To give; to bring or furnish; to provide; as, to supply money for the war. Prior. Syn. -- To furnish; provide; administer; minister; contribute; yield; accommodate.

Supply

Sup*ply", n.; pl. Supplies (.

1. The act of supplying; supplial. A. Tucker.

2. That which supplies a want; sufficiency of things for use or want. Specifically: -- (a) Auxiliary troops or re\'89nforcements. "My promised supply of horsemen." Shak. (b) The food, and the like, which meets the daily necessities of an army or other large body of men; store; -- used chiefly in the plural; as, the army was discontented for lack of supplies. (c) An amount of money provided, as by Parliament or Congress, to meet the annual national expenditures; generally in the plural; as, to vote supplies. (d) A person who fills a place for a time; one who supplies the place of another; a substitute; esp., a clergyman who supplies a vacant pulpit.

Stated supply (Eccl.), a clergyman employed to supply a pulpit for a definite time, but not settled as a pastor. [U.S.] -- Supply and demand. (Polit. Econ.) "Demand means the quantity of a given article which would be taken at a given price. Supply means the quantity of that article which could be had at that price." F. A. Walker.

Supply

Sup*ply", a. Serving to contain, deliver, or regulate a supply of anything; as, a supply tank or valve. Supply system (Zo\'94l.), the system of tubes and canals in sponges by means of which food and water are absorbed. See Illust. of Spongi\'91.

Supplyant

Sup*ply"ant (?), a. Supplying or aiding; auxiliary; suppletory. [Obs.] Shak.

Supplyment

Sup*ply"ment (?), n. A supplying or furnishing; supply. [Obs.] Shak.

Support

Sup*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supported; p. pr. & vb. n. Supporting.] [F. supporter, L. supportare to carry on, to convey, in LL., to support, sustain; sub under + portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]

1. To bear by being under; to keep from falling; to uphold; to sustain, in a literal or physical sense; to prop up; to bear the weight of; as, a pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an arch; the trunk of a tree supports the branches.

2. To endure without being overcome, exhausted, or changed in character; to sustain; as, to support pain, distress, or misfortunes.

This fierce demeanor and his insolence The patience of a god could not support. Dryden.

3. To keep from failing or sinking; to solace under affictive circumstances; to assist; to encourage; to defend; as, to support the courage or spirits.

4. To assume and carry successfully, as the part of an actor; to represent or act; to sustain; as, to support the character of King Lear.

5. To furnish with the means of sustenance or livelihood; to maintain; to provide for; as, to support a family; to support the ministers of the gospel.

6. To carry on; to enable to continue; to maintain; as, to support a war or a contest; to support an argument or a debate.

7. To verify; to make good; to substantiate; to establish; to sustain; as, the testimony is not sufficient to support the charges; the evidence will not support the statements or allegations.

To urge such arguments, as though they were sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. J. Edwards.

8. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to be able to support one's own cause.

9. To uphold by aid or countenance; to aid; to help; to back up; as, to support a friend or a party; to support the present administration.

Wherefore, bold pleasant, Darest thou support a published traitor? Shak.

10. A attend as an honorary assistant; as, a chairman supported by a vice chairman; O'Connell left the prison, supported by his two sons.

Support arms (Mil.), a command in the manual of arms in responce to which the piece is held vertically at the shoulder, with the hammer resting on the left forearm, which is passed horizontally across the body in front; also, the position assumed in response to this command. Syn. -- To maintain; endure; verify; substantiate; countenance; patronize; help; back; second; succor; relieve; uphold; encourage; favor; nurture; nourish; cherish; shield; defend; protect; stay; assist; forward.

Support

Sup*port" (?), n. [F.]

1. The act, state, or operation of supporting, upholding, or sustaining.

2. That which upholds, sustains, or keeps from falling, as a prop, a pillar, or a foundation of any kind.

3. That which maintains or preserves from being overcome, falling, yielding, sinking, giving way, or the like; subsistence; maintenance; assistance; re\'89nforcement; as, he gave his family a good support, the support of national credit; the assaulting column had the support of a battery.

Points of support (Arch.), the horizontal area of the solids of a building, walls, piers, and the like, as compared with the open or vacant spaces. -- Right of support (Law), an easement or servitude by which the owner of a house has a right to rest his timber on the walls of his neighbor's house. Kent. Syn. -- Stay; prop; maintenance; subsistence; assistance; favor; countenance; encouragement; patronage; aid; help; succor; nutriment; sustenance; food.

Supportable

Sup*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. supportable.] Capable of being supported, maintained, or endured; endurable. -- Sup*port"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sup*port"a*bly, adv.

Supportance

Sup*port"ance (?), n. Support. [Obs.] Shak.

Supportation

Sup`por*ta"tion (?), n. Maintenance; support. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bacon.

Supporter

Sup*port"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, supports; as, oxygen is a supporter of life.

The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured. Bacon.
The saints have a . . . supporter in all their miseries. South.

2. Especially, an adherent; one who sustains, advocates, and defends; as, the supporter of a party, faction, or candidate.

3. (Shipbuilding) A knee placed under the cathead.

4. (Her.) A figure, sometimes of a man, but commonly of some animal, placed on either side of an escutcheon, and exterior to it. Usually, both supporters of an escutcheon are similar figures.

5. (Med.) A broad band or truss for supporting the abdomen or some other part or organ. <-- athletic supporter. A supprter (Def. 5), specifically to support the male testicles while engaged in vigorous athletics. Also called a jock or a jockstrap. -->

Supportful

Sup*port"ful (?), a. Abounding with support. [Obs.] Chapman.

Supportless

Sup*port"less, a. Having no support. Milton.

Supportment

Sup*port"ment (?), n. Support. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Supportress

Sup*port"ress (?), n. A female supporter. [R.]
You are my gracious patroness and supportress. Massinger.

Supposable

Sup*pos"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being supposed, or imagined to exist; as, that is not a supposable case. -- Sup*pos"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sup*pos"a*bly, adv.

Supposal

Sup*pos"al (?), n. The act of supposing; also, that which is supposed; supposition; opinion. Shak.
Interest, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon supposal, at least, of a firm and sufficient bottom. South.

Suppose

Sup*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Supposing.] [F. supposer; pref. sub- under + poser to place; -- corresponding in meaning to L. supponere, suppositum, to put under, to substitute, falsify, counterfeit. See Pose.]

1. To represent to one's self, or state to another, not as true or real, but as if so, and with a view to some consequence or application which the reality would involve or admit of; to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or illustration; to assume to be true; as, let us suppose the earth to be the center of the system, what would be the result?

Suppose they take offence without a cause. Shak.
When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as we could possibly, supposing it were, we ought not to make any doubt of its existence. Tillotson.

2. To imagine; to believe; to receive as true.

How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak.
Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men, the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead. 2 Sam. xiii. 32.

3. To require to exist or to be true; to imply by the laws of thought or of nature; as, purpose supposes foresight.

One falsehood always supposes another, and renders all you can say suspected. Female Quixote.

4. To put by fraud in the place of another. [Obs.] Syn. -- To imagine; believe; conclude; judge; consider; view; regard; conjecture; assume.

Page 1450

Suppose

Sup*pose" (?), v. i. To make supposition; to think; to be of opinion. Acts ii. 15.

Suppose

Sup*pose", n. Supposition. [Obs.] Shak. "A base suppose that he is honest." Dryden.

Supposeer

Sup*pose"er (?), n. One who supposes.

Supposition

Sup`po*si"tion (?), n. [F. supposition, L. suppositio a placing under, a substitution, fr. supponere, suppositium, to put under, to substitute. The word has the meaning corresponding to suppose. See Sub-, and Position.]

1. The act of supposing, laying down, imagining, or considering as true or existing, what is known not to be true, or what is not proved.

2. That which is supposed; hypothesis; conjecture; surmise; opinion or belief without sufficient evidence.

This is only an infallibility upon supposition that if a thing be true, it is imposible to be false. Tillotson.
He means are in supposition. Shak.

Suppositional

Sup`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Resting on supposition; hypothetical; conjectural; supposed. South.

Supposititious

Sup*pos`i*ti"tious (?), a. [L. suppositicus. See Supposition.]

1. Fraudulently substituted for something else; not being what is purports to be; not genuine; spurious; counterfeit; as, a supposititious child; a supposititious writing. Bacon.

2. Suppositional; hypothetical. [R.] Woodward. -- Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ly, adv. -- Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ness, n.

Suppositive

Sup*pos"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. suppositif.] Including or implying supposition, or hypothesis; supposed. -- Sup*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. Hammond.

Suppositive

Sup*pos"i*tive, n. A word denoting or implying supposition, as the words if, granting, provided, etc. Harris.

Suppositor

Sup*pos"i*tor (?), n. (Med.) An apparatus for the introduction of suppositories into the rectum.

Suppository

Sup*pos"i*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Suppositories (#). [LL. suppositorium, fr. L. suppositorius that is placed underneath: cf. F. suppositoire. See Supposition.] (Med.) A pill or bolus for introduction into the rectum; esp., a cylinder or cone of medicated cacao butter.

Supposure

Sup*po"sure (?), n. Supposition; hypothesis; conjecture. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Suppress

Sup*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suppressing.] [L. suppressus, p.p. of supprimere to suppress; sub under + premere, pressum, to press. See Sub-, and Press.]

1. To overpower and crush; to subdue; to put down; to quell.

Every rebellion, when it is suppressed, doth make the subject weaker, and the prince stronger. Sir J. Davies.

2. To keep in; to restrain from utterance or vent; as, to suppress the voice; to suppress a smile. Sir W. Scott.

3. To retain without disclosure; to conceal; not to reveal; to prevent publication of; as, to suppress evidence; to suppress a pamphlet; to suppress the truth.

She suppresses the name, and this keeps him in a pleasing suspense. Broome.

4. To stop; to restrain; to arrest the discharges of; as, to suppress a diarrhea, or a hemorrhage. Syn. -- To repress; restrain; put down; overthrow; overpower; overwhelm; conceal; stifle; stop; smother.

Suppressible

Sup*press"i*ble (?), a. That may be suppressed.

Suppression

Sup*pres"sion (?), n. [L. suppressio: cf. F. suppression.]

1. The act of suppressing, or the state of being suppressed; repression; as, the suppression of a riot, insurrection, or tumult; the suppression of truth, of reports, of evidence, and the like.

2. (Med.) Complete stoppage of a natural secretion or excretion; as, suppression of urine; -- used in contradiction to retention, which signifies that the secretion or excretion is retained without expulsion. Quain.

3. (Gram.) Omission; as, the suppression of a word. Syn. -- Overthrow; destruction; concealment; repression; detention; retention; obstruction.

Suppressive

Sup*press"ive (?), a. Tending to suppress; subduing; concealing.

Suppressor

Sup*press"or (?), n. [L., hider.] One who suppresses.

Supprise

Sup*prise" (?), v. t. To surprise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Suppurant

Sup"pu*rant (?), n. (Med.) A suppurative.

Suppurate

Sup"pu*rate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Suppurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suppurating.] [L. suppuratus, p.p. of suppurare to suppurate, cause to suppurate; sub under + pus, puris, matter. See Pus.] To generate pus; as, a boil or abscess suppurates.

Suppurate

Sup"pu*rate, v. t. To cause to generate pus; as, to suppurate a sore. Arbuthnot.

Suppuration

Sup`pu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. suppuratio: cf. F. suppuration.]

1. The act or process of suppurating.

2. The matter produced by suppuration; pus.

Suppurative

Sup"pu*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. suppuratif.] Tending to suppurate; promoting suppuration. Suppurative fever (Med.), py\'91mia.

Suppurative

Sup"pu*ra*tive, n. (Med.) A suppurative medicine.

Supputate

Sup"pu*tate (?), v. t. [L. supputatus, p.p. of supputare. See Suppute.] To suppute. [Obs.]

Supputation

Sup`pu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. supputatio: cf. F. supputation.] Reckoning; account. [Obs.]

Suppute

Sup*pute" (?), v. t. [F. supputer, or L. supputare; sub under + putare to reckon.] To reckon; to compute; to suppose; to impute. [Obs.] Drayton.

Supra

Su"pra (?), adv. [L.; akin to super. See Super-.] Over; above; before; also, beyond; besides; -- much used as a prefix.

Supra-acromial

Su`pra-a*cro"mi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above the acromial process of the scapula.

Supra-angular

Su`pra-an"gu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) See Surangular.

Supra-auricular

Su`pra-au*ric"u*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Situated above the ear coverts, or auriculars; -- said of certain feathers of birds. -- n. A supra-auricular feather.

Supra-axillary

Su"pra-ax"il*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Growing above the axil; inserted above the axil, as a peduncle. See Suprafoliaceous.

Suprabranchial

Su`pra*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Situated above the branchi\'91; -- applied especially to the upper division of the gill cavity of bivalve mollusks.

Suprachoroid, Suprachoroidal

Su`pra*cho"roid (?), Su`pra*cho*roid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above the choroid; -- applied to the layer of the choroid coat of the eyeball next to the sclerotic.

Supraciliary

Su`pra*cil"i*a*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Superciliary.

Supraclavicle

Su`pra*clav"i*cle (?), n. (Anat.) A bone which usually connects the clavicle with the post-temporal in the pectorial arch of fishes.

Supraclavicular

Su`pra*cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the clavicle. (b) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle.

Supracondylar, Supracondyloid

Su`pra*con"dy*lar (?), Su`pra*con"dy*loid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above a condyle or condyles.

Supracostal

Su`pra*cos"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or on the outside of, the ribs.

Supracranial

Su`pra*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or in the roof of, the cranium.

Supracretaceous

Su`pra*cre*ta"ceous (?), a. (Geol.) Lying above the chalk; Supercretaceous.

Supradecompound

Su`pra*de*com"pound (?), a. (Bot.) More than decompound; divided many times.

Supra-esophagal, Supra-esophageal

Su`pra-e*soph"a*gal (?), Su`pra-e`so*phag"e*al (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the esophagus; as, the supra-esophageal ganglion of Crustacea. [Written also supra-\'d2sophagal, and supra-\'d2sophageal.]

Supra-ethmoid

Su`pra-eth"moid (?), a. (Anat.) Above, or on the dorsal side of, the ethmoid bone or cartilage.

Suprafoliaceous

Su`pra*fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Inserted into the stem above the leaf, petiole, or axil, as a peduncle or flower.

Supraglotic

Su`pra*glot"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above the glottis; -- applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx above the true vocal cords.

Suprahepatic

Su`pra*he*pat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the liver; -- applied to the branches of the hepatic veins.

Suprahyoid

Su`pra*hy"oid (?), a. (Anat.) Hyomental.

Supra-ilium

Su`pra-il"i*um (?), n. (Anat.) The cartilaginous cap at the sacral end of the ilium of some animals.

Supralapsarian

Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Supra- + lapse: cf. F. supralapsaire.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of that class of Calvinists who believed that God's decree of election determined that man should fall, in order that the opportunity might be furnished of securing the redemption of a part of the race, the decree of salvation being conceived of as formed before or beyond, and not after or following, the lapse, or fall. Cf. Infralapsarian.

Supralapsarian

Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Supralapsarians, or their doctrine.

Supralapsarianism

Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Supralapsarians.

Supralapsary

Su`pra*lap"sa*ry (?), a. Supralapsarian.

Supralapsary

Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, n. A Supralapsarian.

Supraloral

Su`pra*lo"ral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Situated above the lores; as, the supraloral feathers of a bird. -- n. A supraloral feather.

Supralunar, Supralunary

Su`pra*lu"nar (?), Su`pra*lu"na*ry (?), a. Beyond the moon; hence, very lofty.

Supramaxilla

Su`pra*max"il*la (?), n.; pl. Supramaxill\'91 (. (Anat.) The upper jaw or maxilla.

Supramaxillary

Su`pra*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Situated over the lower jaw; as, the supramaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the upper jaw.

Supramundane

Su`pra*mun"dane (?), a. Being or situated above the world or above our system; celestial.

Supranaturalism

Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural agency or revelation; supernaturalism.

Supranaturalist

Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, n. A supernaturalist.

Supranaturalist, Supranaturalistic

Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist (?), Su`pra*nat`u*ral*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to supernaturalism; supernaturalistic.

Supraoccipital

Su`pra*oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated over, or in the upper part of, the occiput; of or pertaining to the supraoccipital bone. -- n. The supraoccipital bone. Supraoccipital bone (Anat.), a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young.

Supraocular

Su`pra*oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Above the eyes; -- said of certain scales of fishes and reptiles.

Supra-\'d2sophagal

Su`pra-\'d2*soph"a*gal (?), a. (Anat.) See Supra-esophagal.

Supraorbital, Supraorbitar

Su`pra*or"bit*al (?), Su`pra*or"bit*ar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above the orbit of the eye. Supraorbital point (Anat.), the middle point of the supraorbital line, which is a line drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separating the face from the cranium; the ophryon.

Suprapedal

Su*prap"e*dal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Situated above the foot of a mollusk; as, the suprapedal gland.

Supraprotest

Su`pra*pro"test (?), n. (Mercantile Law) An acceptance of a bill by a third person after protest for nonacceptance by the drawee. Burrill.

Suprapubian, Suprapubic

Su`pra*pu"bi*an (?), Su`pra*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or anterior to, the pubic bone.

Suprarenal

Su`pra*re"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or anterior to, the kidneys. -- n. A suprarenal capsule. Suprarenal capsules (Anat.), two small bodies of unknown function in front of, or near, the kidneys in most vertebrates. Also called renal capsules, and suprarenal bodies.

Suprascalpular, Suprascalpulary

Su`pra*scalp"u*lar (?), Su`pra*scalp"u*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or on the anterior side of, the scapula.

Suprasphenoidal

Su`pra*sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above the sphenoidal bone; as, the suprasphenoidal appendage, or pituitary body.

Supraspinal

Su`pra*spi"nal, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the vertebral column. (b) Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate; supraspinous.

Supraspinate, Supraspinous

Su`pra*spi"nate (?), Su`pra*spi"nous (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above a spine or spines; especially, situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the neural spines of the vertebral column, or above, or in front of, the spine of the scapula.

Suprastapedial

Su`pra*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, that part of the columella of the ear which projects above the connection with the stapes, as in many animals. -- n. The suprastapedial part of the columella.

Suprasternal

Su`pra*ster"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or anterior to, the sternum.

Supratemporal

Su`pra*tem"po*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above the temporal bone or temporal fossa. -- n. A supratemporal bone.

Supratrochlear

Su`pra*troch"le*ar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated over or above a trochlea or trochlear surface; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.

Supravaginal

Su`pra*vag"i*nal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above or outside a sheath or vaginal membrane.

Supravision

Su`pra*vi"sion (?), n. Supervision. [Obs.]

Supravisor

Su`pra*vis"or (?), n. A supervisor. [Obs.]

Supravulgar

Su`pra*vul"gar (?), a. Being above the vulgar or common people. [R.] Collier.

Supremacy

Su*prem"a*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. supr\'82matie. See Supreme.] The state of being supreme, or in the highest station of power; highest or supreme authority or power; as, the supremacy of a king or a parliament.
The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the crown was restored to its supremacy over spiritual men and causes. Blackstone.
Oath supremacy, an oath which acknowledges the supremacy of the sovereign in spiritual affairs, and renounced or abjures the supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical or temporal affairs. [Eng.] Brande & C.

Supreme

Su*preme" (?), a. [L. supremus, superlative of superus that is above, upper, fr. super above: cf. F. supr\'88me. See Super-, and cf. Sum.]

1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in authority, government, or power.

He that is the supreme King of kings. Shak.

2. Highest; greatest; most excellent or most extreme; utmost; greatist possible (sometimes in a bad sense); as, supreme love; supreme glory; supreme magnanimity; supreme folly.

Each would be supreme within its own sphere, and those spheres could not but clash. De Quincey.

3. (Bot.) Situated at the highest part or point.

The Supreme, the Almighty; God.

Supremely

Su*preme"ly, adv. In a supreme manner.

Supremity

Su*prem"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. supremitas.] Supremacy. [Obs.] Fuller.

Sur-

Sur-. [F. sur over, above, contr. fr. L. super, supra. See Super-.] A prefix signifying over, above, beyond, upon.

Sura

Su"ra (?), n. [Ar., a step, a degree.] One of the sections or chapters of the Koran, which are one hundred and fourteen in number.

Suradanni

Su`ra*dan"ni (?), n. A valuable kind of wood obtained on the shores of the Demerara River in South America, much used for timbers, rails, naves and fellies of wheels, and the like.

Suraddition

Sur`ad*di"tion (?), n. [F.] Something added or appended, as to a name. [Obs.] Shak.

Surah

Su"rah (?), n. A soft twilled silk fabric much used for women's dresses; -- called also surah silk.

Sural

Su"ral (?), a. [L. sura the calf of the leg: cf. F. sural.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as, the sural arteries.

Surance

Sur"ance (?), n. Assurance. [Obs.] Shak.

Surangular

Sur*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Pref. sur- + angular.] (Anat.) Above the angular bone; supra-angular; -- applied to a bone of the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds. -- n. The surangular bone.

Surbase

Sur"base` (?), n. [Pref. sur- + base.]

1. (Arch.) A cornice, or series of moldings, on the top of the base of a pedestal, podium, etc. See Illust. of Column.

2. A board or group of moldings running round a room on a level with the tops of the chair backs. Knight.

Surbased

Sur"based` (?), a. (Arch.) (a) Having a surbase, or molding above the base. (b) [F. surbaiss\'82.] Having the vertical height from springing line to crown less than the half span; -- said of an arch; as, a segmental arch is surbased.

Surbate

Sur*bate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbated; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbating.] [F. solbatu, p.p., bruised (said of a horse's foot); sole a sole (of a horse's foot) + battu, p.p. of battre to beat.]

1. To make sore or bruise, as the feet by travel. [Obs.]

Lest they their fins should bruise, and surbate sore Their tender feet upon the stony ground. Spenser.
Chalky land surbates and spoils oxen's feet. Mortimer.

2. To harass; to fatigue. [Obs.] Clarendon.

Page 1451

Surbeat

Sur*beat" (?), v. t. Same as Surbate. [Obs.]

Surbed

Sur*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbedding.] [Pref. sur- + bed.] To set edgewise, as a stone; that is, to set it in a position different from that which it had in the quarry.
It . . . has something of a grain parallel with the horizon, and therefore should not be surbedded. Gilbert White.

Surbet

Sur*bet" (?), v. t. Same as Surbate. [Obs.]

Surbet

Sur*bet", a. Surbated; bruised. [Obs.] Spenser.

Surcease

Sur*cease" (?), n. [F. sursis, from sursis, p.p. of surseoir to suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to delay, refrain from, forbear, L. supersedere. Surcease is not connected with E. cease. See Supersede.] Cessation; stop; end. "Not desire, but its surcease." Longfellow.
It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.

Surcease

Sur*cease", v. t. To cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] "The waves . . . their range surceast." Spenser.
The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.

Surcease

Sur*cease", v. i. To cease. [Obs.]

Surceaseance

Sur*cease"ance (?), n. Cessation. [Obs.]

Surcharge

Sur*charge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcharged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surcharging (?).] [F. surcharger. See Sur-, and Charge, and cf. Overcharge, Supercharge, Supercargo.]

1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge; as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon.

Four charged two, and two surcharged one. Spenser.
Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew. Dryden.

2. (Law) (a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone. (b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given. Story. Daniel.

Surcharge

Sur*charge", n. [F.]

1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than can well be borne.

A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of expense. Bacon.

2. (Law) (a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right to. (b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. Burrill.

Surchargement

Sur*charge"ment (?), n. The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.] Daniel.

Surcharger

Sur*char"ger (?), n. One who surcharges.

Surcingle

Sur"cin`gle (?), n. [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See Sur-, and Cingle, Shingles.]

1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.

2. (Eccl.) The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the waist.

Surcingled

Sur"cin`gled (?), a. Bound with the surcingle.

Surcle

Sur"cle (?), n. [L. surculus.] A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Surcloy

Sur"cloy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcloyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surcloying.] To surfeit. [Obs.]

Surcoat

Sur"coat` (?), n. [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See Sur-, and Coat, and cf. Overcoat.]

1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer.

A long surcoat of pers upon he had.. Chaucer.
At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn. Emerson.

2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different epochs of the Middle Ages.

Surcrew

Sur"crew` (?), n. [From F. surcro\'8ct increase, or surcr\'96, p.p. of surcro\'8ctre to overgrow.] Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Surculate

Sur"cu*late (?), v. t. [L. surculatus, p.p. of surculare to purne, from surculus a shoot, sprout. See Surcle.] To purne; to trim. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Surculation

Sur`cu*la"tion (?), n. Act of purning. [Obs.]

Surculose

Sur"cu*lose` (?), a. [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See Surcle.] (Bot.) Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.

Surd

Surd (?), a. [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason, irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf. Sordine.]

1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] "A surd . . . generation." Sir T. Browne.

2. Unheard. [Obs.] Kenrick.

3. (Math.) Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd expression or quantity; a surd number.

4. (Phonetics) Uttered, as an element of speech, without tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless; unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard, as f, p, s, etc.; -- opposed to sonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§169, 179, 180.

Surd

Surd, n. (Math.)

1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers; thus, \'fb2 is a surd.

2. (Phon.) A surd element of speech. See Surd, a., 4.

Surdal

Surd"al (?), a. (Math.) Same as Surd, a., 3.

Surdiny

Surd"i*ny (?), n. A sardine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Surdity

Surd"i*ty (?), n. [L. surditas.] Deafness. [Obs.]

Sure

Sure (?), a. [Compar. Surer (?); superl. Surest.] [OE. sur, OF. se\'81r, F. s\'96r, L. securus; se aside, without + cura care. See Secure, and cf. Assure, Insure, Sicker sure.]

1. Certainly knowing and believing; confident beyond doubt; implicity trusting; unquestioning; positive.

We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. Rom. ii. 2.
I'm sure care 's an enemy of life. Shak.

2. Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.

3. Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to fail or disappoint expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent; enduring. "His sure word." Keble.

The Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord. 1 Sam. xxv. 28.
The testimony of the Lord is sure. Ps. xix. 7.
Which put in good sure leather sacks. Chapman.

4. Betrothed; engaged to marry. [Obs.]

The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her husband before God. Sir T. More.
I presume . . . that you had been sure as fast as faith could bind you, man and wife. Brome.

5. Free from danger; safe; secure.

Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that we are sure enough. Shak.
-- To be sure, ∨ Be sure, certainly; without doubt; as, Shall you do? To be sure I shall. -- To make sure. (a) To make certain; to secure so that there can be no failure of the purpose or object. "Make Cato sure." Addison. "A peace can not fail, provided we make sure of Spain." Sir W. Temple. (b) To betroth. [Obs.]
She that's made sure to him she loves not well. Cotgrave.
Syn. -- Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm; permanent; steady; stable; strong; secure; indisputable; confident; positive.

Sure

Sure (?), adv. In a sure manner; safely; certainly. "Great, sure, shall be thy meed." Spenser.
'T is pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print. Byron.

Sure-footed

Sure"-foot`ed (?), a. Not liable to stumble or fall; as, a sure-footed horse.

Surely

Sure"ly (?), adv.

1. In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly; assuredly.

In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17.
He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great things out of small. South.

2. Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely.

He that walketh uprightly walketh surely. Prov. x. 9.

Surement

Sure"ment (?), n. A making sure; surety. [Obs.]
Every surement and every bond. Chaucer.

Sureness

Sure"ness, n. The state of being sure; certainty.
For more sureness he repeats it. Woodward.
The law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Emerson.

Suresby

Sures"by (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain. See Rudesby.] One to be sure of, or to be relied on. [Obs.]
There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve, if anything will serve. Bradford.

Suretiship

Sure"ti*ship (?), n. Suretyship. Prov. xi. 15.

Surety

Sure"ty (?), n.; pl. Sureties (#). [OE. seurte, OF. se\'81rt\'82, F. s\'96ret\'82. See Sure, Security.]

1. The state of being sure; certainty; security.

Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs. Gen. xv. 13.
For the more surety they looked round about. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which makes sure; that which confirms; ground of confidence or security.

[We] our happy state Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds; On other surety none. Milton.

3. Security against loss or damage; security for payment, or for the performance of some act.

There remains unpaid A hundred thousand more; in surety of the which One part of Aquitaine is bound to us. Shak.

4. (Law) One who is bound with and for another who is primarily liable, and who is called the principal; one who engages to answer for another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt, or for performance of some act; a bondsman; a bail.

He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.

5. Hence, a substitute; a hostage. Cowper.

6. Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.]

She called the saints to surety, That she would never put it from her finger, Unless she gave it to yourself. Shak.

Surety

Sure"ty, v. t. To act as surety for. [Obs.] Shak.

Suretyship

Sure"ty*ship, n. The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another. Bouvier.

Surf

Surf (?), n. [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same word as E. sough.] The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a sloping beach. Surf bird (Zo\'94l.), a ploverlike bird of the genus Aphriza, allied to the turnstone. -- Surf clam (Zo\'94l.), a large clam living on the open coast, especially Mactra, ∨ Spisula, solidissima. See Mactra. -- Surf duck (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of sea ducks of the genus Oidemia, especially O. percpicillata; -- called also surf scoter. See the Note under Scoter. -- Surf fish (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of California embiotocoid fishes. See Embiotocoid. -- Surf smelt. (Zo\'94l.) See Smelt. -- Surf whiting. (Zo\'94l.) See under Whiting.

Surf

Surf, n. The bottom of a drain. [Prov. Eng.]

Surface

Sur"face` (?), n. [F. See Sur-, and Face, and cf. Superficial.]

1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.

The bright surface of this ethereous mold. Milton.

2. Hence, outward or external appearance.

Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no deeper than the surface. V. Knox.

3. (Geom.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.

4. (Fort.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion. Stocqueler.

Caustic surface, Heating surface, etc. See under Caustic, Heating, etc. -- Surface condensation, Surface condenser. See under Condensation, and Condenser. -- Surface gauge (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a standard having a flat base and carrying an adjustable pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface. -- Surface grub (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the great yellow underwing moth (Triph\'d2na pronuba). It is often destructive to the roots of grasses and other plants. -- Surface plate (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed flat surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to test other surfaces. -- Surface printing, printing from a surface in relief, as from type, in distinction from plate printing, in which the ink is contained in engraved lines.

Surface

Sur"face (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surfacing (?).]

1. To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.

2. To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold. <-- Surface, v.i. 1. To rise from the depths of a liquid to the surface; as, the submarine surfaced to recharge its batteries. 2. (a) To become known or public; -- said of information. (b) To show up, as a person who was in hiding. -->

Surfacer

Sur"fa*cer (?), n. A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.

Surfboat

Surf"boat` (?), n. (Naut.) A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of waves and of contact with the beach.

Surfeit

Sur"feit (?), n. [OE. surfet, OF. surfait, sorfait, excess, arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, sorfaire, to augment, exaggerate, F. surfaire to overcharge; sur over + faire to make, do, L. facere. See Sur-, and Fact.]

1. Excess in eating and drinking.

Let not Sir Surfeit sit at thy board. Piers Plowman.
Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made. Shak.

2. Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by excessive eating and drinking.

To prevent surfeit and other diseases that are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. Bunyan.

3. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. Sir P. Sidney.

Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to surfeit. Burke.

Surfeit

Sur"feit, v. i.

1. To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess.

They are as sick that surfeit with too much as they that starve with nothing. Shak.

2. To indulge to satiety in any gratification.

Surfeit

Sur"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfeiting.]

1. To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the function of the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or uneasiness; -- often reflexive; as, to surfeit one's self with sweets.

2. To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits us with compliments. V. Knox.

Surfeiter

Sur"feit*er (?), n. One who surfeits. Shak.

Surfeit-water

Sur"feit-wa`ter (?), n. Water for the cure of surfeits. [Obs.] Locke.

Surfel, Surfle

Sur"fel, Sur"fle (?), v. t. [Cf. Sulphur.] To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be prepared from the sulphur. [Obs.]
She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] surfel her cheeks, . . . but she shall as often gaze on my picture. Ford.

Surfer

Surf"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The surf duck. [U. S.]

Surfman

Surf"man (?), n.; pl. Surmen (. One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.

Surfoot

Sur"foot` (?), a. Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed. [Obs.] Nares.

Surfy

Surf"y (?), a. Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy shore.
Scarce had they cleared the surfy waves That foam around those frightful caves. Moore.

Surge

Surge (?), n. [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon, fountain. See Regent, and cf. Insurrection, Sortie, Source.]

1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of water." Ld. Berners.

2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water, produced generally by a high wind.

He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed. James i. 6 (Rev. Ver.)
He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, Pursues the foaming surges to the shore. Dryden.

3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.

4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.

Surge

Surge, v. i.

1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll.

The surging waters like a mountain rise. Spenser.

2. (Naut.) To slip along a windlass.

Surge

Surge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surging (?).] [Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf. Surge, n.] (Naut.) To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a capstan).

Surgeful

Surge"ful (?), a. Abounding in surges; surgy. "Tossing the surgeful tides." Drayton.

Surgeless

Surge"less, a. Free from surges; smooth; calm.

Surgent

Sur"gent (?), a. [L. surgens, p.pr.] Rising; swelling, as a flood. [R.] Robert Greene.

Surgeon

Sur"geon (?), n. [OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr. chirurgien. See Chirurgeon.]

1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of ch\'91todont fishes of the family Teuthid\'91, or Acanthurid\'91, which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon.

Surgeon apothecary, one who unites the practice of surgery with that of the apothecary. Dunglison. -- Surgeon dentist, a dental surgeon; a dentist. -- Surgeon fish. See def. 2, above. -- Surgeon general. (a) In the United States army, the chief of the medical department. (b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next below the chief of the medical department.
Page 1452

Surgeoncy

Sur"geon*cy (?), n. The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military service.

Surgeonry

Sur"geon*ry (?), n. Surgery. [Obs.]

Surgery

Sur"ge*ry (?), n. [OE. surgenrie, surgerie; cf. OF. cirurgie, F. chirurgie, L. chirurgia, Gr. Surgeon.]

1. The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch of medical science which has for its object the cure of local injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures, tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines and constitutional treatment.

2. A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.

Surgical

Sur"gi*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical instruments. Surgical fever. (Med.) (a) Py\'91mia. (b) Traumatic fever, or the fever accompanying inflammation.

Surgically

Sur"gi*cal*ly, adv. By means of surgery.

Surgy

Sur"gy (?), a. Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or appearance; swelling. "Over the surgy main." Pope.

Suricat

Su"ri*cat (?), n. [F. surikate, from the native name in South Africa.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Zenick. [Written also suricate, surikate.]

Surinam toad

Su`ri*nam" toad" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A species of toad native of Surinam. See Pipa.

Surintendant

Sur`in*tend"ant (?), n. [F. See Superintendent.] Superintendent. [R.]

Surlily

Sur"li*ly (?), adv. In a surly manner.

Surliness

Sur"li*ness, n. The quality or state of being surly.

Surling

Sur"ling (?), n. [See Surly.] A sour, morose fellow. [Obs.] Camden.

Surloin

Sur"loin` (?), n. [F. surlonge; sur upon + longe loin. See Sur-, and Loin.] A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See Sirloin, the more usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.

Surly

Sur"ly (?), a. [Compar. Surlier (?); superl. Surliest.] [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]

1. Arrogant; haughty. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe; sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a surly dog; surly language; a surly look. "That surly spirit, melancholy." Shak.

3. Rough; dark; tempestuous.

Now softened into joy the surly storm. Thomson.

Surmark

Sur"mark` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show where the angles of the timbers are to be placed. [Written also sirmark.]

Surmisable

Sur*mis"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.

Surmisal

Sur*mis"al (?), n. Surmise. [R.] Milton.

Surmise

Sur*mise" (?), n. [OF. surmise accusation, fr. surmettre, p.p. surmis, to impose, accuse; sur (see Sur-) + mettre to put, set, L. mittere to send. See Mission.]

1. A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy or of envy.

[We] double honor gain From his surmise proved false. Milton.
No man ought to be charged with principles he actually disowns, unless his practicies contradict his profession; not upon small surmises. Swift.

2. Reflection; thought. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.

Surmise

Sur*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surmising.] To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess.
It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew That what before she but surmised, was true. Dryden.
This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it. Woodward.

Surmiser

Sur*mis"er (?), n. One who surmises.

Surmising

Sur*mis"ing, a. & n. from Surmise, v.

Surmount

Sur*mount" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmounting.] [OE. sourmounten, OF. surmonter, sormonter, F. surmonter; sur over + monter to mount. See Sur-, and Mount, v. i.]

1. To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop.

The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and surmount all winds and clouds. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or obstacles. Macaulay.

3. To surpass; to exceed. Spenser.

What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. Milton.
Syn. -- To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.

Surmountable

Sur*mount"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. surmontable.] Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable. -- Sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.

Surmounted

Sur*mount"ed, a.

1. (Arch.) Having its vertical height greater than the half span; -- said of an arch.

2. (Her.) Partly covered by another charge; -- said of an ordinary or other bearing.

Surmounter

Sur*mount"er (?), n. One who, or that which, surmounts.

Surmullet

Sur*mul"let (?), n. [F. surmulet; saur, saure, brownish yellow, red + mulet a mullet. See Sorrel, a., and Mullet.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various species of mullets of the family Millid\'91, esp. the European species (Millus surmulletus), which is highly prized as a food fish. See Mullet.

Surmulot

Sur"mu*lot (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The brown, or Norway, rat.

Surname

Sur"name` (?), n. [Pref. sur + name; really a substitution for OE. sournoun, from F. surnom. See Sur-, and Noun, Name.]

1. A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name. &hand; Surnames originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person; thus, Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.

2. An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen. "My surname, Coriolanus." Shak. &hand; This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's father.

Surname

Sur*name" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surnamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surnaming.] [Cf. F. surnommer.] To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Isa. xliv. 5.
And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark iii. 16.

Surnominal

Sur*nom"i*nal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.

Suroxidate

Sur*ox"i*date (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide. [Obs.]

Suroxide

Sur*ox"ide (?), n. [Cf. F. suroxyde. See Sur-, and Oxide.] (Chem.) A peroxide. [Obs.]

Surpass

Sur*pass" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surpassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surpassing.] [F. surpasser; sur over + passer to pass. See Sur-, and Pass.] To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his joy. Milton.
Syn. -- To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.

Surpassable

Sur*pass"a*ble (?), a. That may be surpassed.

Surpassing

Sur*pass"ing, a. Eminently excellent; exceeding others. "With surpassing glory crowned." Milton. -- Sur*pass"ing*ly, adv. -- Sur*pass"ing*ness, n.

Surphul

Sur"phul (?), v. t. To surfel. [Obs.] Marston.

Surplice

Sur"plice (?), n. [F. surplis, OF. surpeiz, LL. superpellicium; super over + pellicium, pelliceum, a robe of fur, L. pellicius made of skins. See Pelisse.] (Eccl.) A white garment worn over another dress by the clergy of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other churches, in some of their ministrations. Surplice fees (Eccl.), fees paid to the English clergy for occasional duties.

Surpliced

Sur"pliced (?), a. Wearing a surplice.

Surplus

Sur"plus (?), n. [F., fr. sur over + plus more. See Sur-, and Plus, and cf. Superplus.]

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.

2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.<-- = budgetary surplus -->

Surplus

Sur"plus, a. Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words.
When the price of corn falleth, men give over surplus tillage, and break no more ground. Carew.

Surplusage

Sur"plus*age (?), n. [See Surplus, and cf. Superplusage.]

1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or goods beyond what is wanted.

Take what thou please of all this surplusage. Spenser.
A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. Emerson.

2. (Law) Matter in pleading which is not necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.

3. (Accounts) A greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant amounts to. [Obs.] Rees.

Surprisal

Sur*pris"al (?), n. [See Surprise, n.] The act of surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise.
How to secure the lady from surprisal. Milton.
Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its surprisal. Barrow.

Surprise

Sur*prise" (?), n. [F. surprise, fr. surprendre, surpris; sur over + prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Sur-, and Prehensile.]

1. The act of coming upon, or taking, unawares; the act of seizing unexpectedly; surprisal; as, the fort was taken by surprise.

2. The state of being surprised, or taken unawares, by some act or event which could not reasonably be foreseen; emotion excited by what is sudden and strange; a suddenly excited feeling of wonder or astonishment.

Pure surprise and fear Made me to quit the house. Shak.

3. Anything that causes such a state or emotion.

4. A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but with no other contents. [Obs.] King.

Surprise party, a party of persons who assemble by mutual agreement, and without invitation, at the house of a common friend. [U.S.] Bartlett. Syn. -- Wonder; astonishment; amazement.

Surprise

Sur*prise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surprised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surprising.] [From Surprise, n.: cf. F. surprendre, p.p. surpris.]

1. To come or fall suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares; to seize or capture by unexpected attack.

Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Isa. xxxiii. 14.
The castle of Macduff I will surprise. Shak.
Who can speak The mingled passions that surprised his heart? Thomson.

2. To strike with wonder, astonishment, or confusion, by something sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to confound; as, his conduct surprised me.

I am surprised with an uncouth fear. Shak.
Up he starts, Discovered and surprised. Milton.

3. To lead (one) to do suddenly and without forethought; to bring (one) into some unexpected state; -- with into; as, to be surprised into an indiscretion; to be surprised into generosity.

4. To hold possession of; to hold. [Obs.]

Not with me, That in my hands surprise the sovereignity. J. Webster.
Syn. -- See Astonish.

Surprisement

Sur*prise"ment (?), n. Surprisal. [Obs.] Daniel.

Surpriser

Sur*pris"er (?), n. One who surprises.

Surprising

Sur*pris"ing, a. Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment; as, surprising bravery; a surprising escape from danger. -- Sur*pris"ing*ly, adv. -- Sur*pris"ing*ness, n. Syn. -- Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing; striking.

Surquedous, Surquedrous

Sur"que*dous (?), Sur"que*drous (?), a. Having or exhibiting surquedry; arrogant; insolent. [Obs.] Gower. James II. of Scot.

Surquedry, Surquidry

Sur"que*dry (?), Sur"qui*dry, n. [OF. surcuidier to presume; sur over + cuidier to think, L. cogitare. See Sur-, and Cogitate.] Overweening pride; arrogance; presumption; insolence. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Then pay you the price of your surquedry. Spenser.

Surrebound

Sur`re*bound" (?), v. i. To give back echoes; to re\'89cho. [Obs.] Chapman.

Surrebut

Sur`re*but" (?), v. i. [Pref. sur + rebut.] (Law) To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

Surrebuter

Sur`re*but"er (?), n. (Law) The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

Surrein

Sur"rein` (?), v. t. [Pref. sur + rein.] To override; to exhaust by riding. [Obs.] Shak.

Surrejoin

Sur`re*join" (?), v. i. [Pref. sur + rejoin.] (Law) To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

Surrejoinder

Sur`re*join"der (?), n. (Law) The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

Surrender

Sur*ren"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surrendering.] [OF. surrendre to deliver; sur over + rendre to render. See Sur-, and Render.]

1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up possession of (anything) upon compulsion or demand; as, to surrender one's person to an enemy or to an officer; to surrender a fort or a ship.

2. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign; as, to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage.

To surrender up that right which otherwise their founders might have in them. Hooker.

3. To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; -- used reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep.

4. (Law) To yield; to render or deliver up; to give up; as, a principal surrendered by his bail, a fugitive from justice by a foreign state, or a particular estate by the tenant thereof to him in remainder or reversion.

Surrender

Sur*ren"der, v. i. To give up one's self into the power of another; to yield; as, the enemy, seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the first summons.

Surrender

Sur*ren"der, n.

1. The act of surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning one's person, or the possession of something, into the power of another; as, the surrender of a castle to an enemy; the surrender of a right.

That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it. Burke.

2. (Law) The yielding of a particular estate to him who has an immediate estate in remainder or reversion. (b) The giving up of a principal into lawful custody by his bail. (c) The delivry up oh fugitives from justice by one government to another, as by a foreign state. See Extradition. Wharton.

Surrenderee

Sur*ren`der*ee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a surrender is made. Mozley & W.

Surrenderer

Sur*ren"der*er (?), n. One who surrenders.

Surrenderor

Sur*ren`der*or" (?), n. (Law) One who makes a surrender, as of an estate. Bouvier.

Surrendry

Sur*ren"dry (?), n. Surrender. [Obs.]

Surreption

Sur*rep"tion (?), n. [L. surreptio, or subreptio. Cf. Subreption.]

1. The act or process of getting in a surreptitious manner, or by craft or stealth.

Fame by surreption got May stead us for the time, but lasteth not. B. Jonson.

2. A coming unperceived or suddenly.

Surreptitious

Sur`rep*ti"tious (?), a. [L. surreptitius, or subreptitius, fr. surripere, subripere, to snatch away, to withdraw privily; sub- under + rapere to snatch. See Sub-, and Ravish.] Done or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; as, a surreptitious passage in an old manuscript; a surreptitious removal of goods. -- Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv.

Surrey

Sur"rey (?), n. A four-wheeled pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated) somewhat like a phaeton, but having a straight bottom.

Surrogate

Sur"ro*gate (?), n. [L. surrogatus, p.p. of surrogare, subrogare, to put in another's place, to substitute; sub under + rogare to ask, ask for a vote, propose a law. See Rogation, and cf. Subrogate.]

1. A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.

2. The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants marriage licenses. [Eng.]

3. In some States of the United States, an officer who presides over the probate of wills and testaments and yield the settlement of estates.

Page 1453

Surrogate

Sur"ro*gate (?), v. t. To put in the place of another; to substitute. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Surrogateship

Sur"ro*gate*ship, n. The office of a surrogate.

Surrogation

Sur`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [See Surrogate, n., and cf. Subrogation.] The act of substituting one person in the place of another. [R.] Killingbeck.

Surround

Sur*round" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surrounding.] [OF. suronder to overflow, LL. superundare; fr. L. super over + undare to rise in waves, overflow, fr. unda wave. The English sense is due to the influence of E. round. See Super-, and Undulate, and cf. Abound.]

1. To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.

2. To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle; as, a wall surrounds the city.

But could instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds me. Milton.

3. To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate; as, to surround the world. [Obs.] Fuller.

4. (Mil.) To inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile forces, so as to cut off means of communication or retreat; to invest, as a city. Syn. -- To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in; fence about.

Surround

Sur*round", n. A method of hunting some animals, as the buffalo, by surrounding a herd, and driving them over a precipice, into a ravine, etc. [U.S.] Baird.

Surrounding

Sur*round"ing, a. Inclosing; encircling.

Surrounding

Sur*round"ing, n.

1. An encompassing.

2. pl. The things which surround or environ; external or attending circumstances or conditions.

Surroyal

Sur*roy"al (?), n. [Pref. sur- + royal.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the antler of the stag or other large deer.

Sursanure

Sur"sa*nure (?), n. [(Assumed) OF. sursane\'81re. See Sur-, and Sane.] A wound healed or healing outwardly only. [Obs.]
Of a sursanure In surgery is perilous the cure. Chaucer.

Surseance

Sur"se*ance (?), n. [OF., fr. OF. & F. surseoir. See Surcease.] Peace; quiet. [Obs.] Bacon.

Sursolid

Sur*sol"id (?), n. [F. sursolide. See Sur-, and Solid.] (Math.) The fifth power of a number; as, a is the sursolid of a, or 32 that of 2. [R.] Hutton.

Surstyle

Sur*style" (?), v. t. To surname. [R.]

Surtax

Sur"tax (?), n. An additional or extra tax.

Surtax

Sur*tax" (?), v. t. To impose an additional tax on.

Surtout

Sur*tout" (?), n. [F., fr. sur over + tout all.] A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat, especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat. Gay.

Surturbrand

Sur"tur*brand (?), n. [Icel. surtarbrandr; svartr black + brandr a firebrand.] A fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood.

Surucucu

Su`ru*cu"cu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Bush master, under Bush.

Surveillance

Sur*veil"lance (?), n. [F., fr. surveiller to watch over; sur over + veiller to watch, L. vigilare. See Sur-, and Vigil.] Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision.
That sort of surveillance of which . . . the young have accused the old. Sir W. Scott.

Surveillant

Sur*veil"lant (?), n.; pl. Surveillants (#). [F., fr. surveiller to watch over. See Surveillance.] One who watches over another; an overseer; a spy; a supervisor.

Surveillant

Sur*veil"lant, a. Overseeing; watchful.

Survene

Sur*vene" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Survening.] [F. survenir. See Supervene.] To supervene upon; to come as an addition to. [Obs.]
A suppuration that survenes lethargies. Harvey.

Survenue

Sur"ve*nue (?), n. [OF. See Survene.] A sudden or unexpected coming or stepping on. [Obs.]

Survey

Sur*vey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surveyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surveying.] [OF. surveoir, surveer; sur, sor, over, E. sur + veoir, veeir, to see, F. voir, L. videre. See Sur-, and Vision, and cf. Supervise.]

1. To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; to overlook; as, to stand on a hill, and survey the surrounding country.

Round he surveys and well might, where he stood, So high above. Milton.

2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine.

With such altered looks, . . . All pale and speechless, he surveyed me round. Dryden.

3. To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of; as, to survey a building in order to determine its value and exposure to loss by fire.

4. To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of linear and angular measurments, and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry; as, to survey land or a coast.

5. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same. [Eng.] Jacob (Law Dict.).

Survey

Sur"vey (?), n. [Formerly accentuated universally on the last syllable, and still so accented by many speakers.]

1. The act of surveying; a general view, as from above.

Under his proud survey the city lies. Sir J. Denham.

2. A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality; as, a survey of the stores of a ship; a survey of roads and bridges; a survey of buildings.

3. The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of, as any part of the earth's surface, whether land or water; also, a measured plan and description of any portion of country, or of a road or line through it.

Survey of dogs. See Court of regard, under Regard. -- Trigonometrical survey, a survey of a portion of country by measuring a single base, and connecting it with various points in the tract surveyed by a series of triangles, the angles of which are carefully measured, the relative positions and distances of all parts being computed from these data. Syn. -- Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.

Surveyal

Sur*vey"al (?), n. Survey. [R.] Barrow.

Surveyance

Sur*vey"ance (?), n. Survey; inspection. [R.]

Surveying

Sur*vey"ing, n. That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface, the length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour of the surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the whole on paper; the act or occupation of making surveys. Geodetic surveying, geodesy. -- Maritime, ∨ Nautical, surveying, that branch of surveying which determines the forms of coasts and harbors, the entrances of rivers, with the position of islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water, etc. -- Plane surveying. See under Plane, a. -- Topographical surveying, that branch of surveying which involves the process of ascertaining and representing upon a plane surface the contour, physical features, etc., of any portion of the surface of the earth.

Surveyor

Sur*vey"or (?), n.

1. One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an inspector.

Were 't not madness then, To make the fox surveyor of the fold? Shak.

2. One who views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a surveyor of highways, ordnance, etc.

3. One who surveys or measures land; one who practices the art of surveying.

4. (Customs) (a) An officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity of liquors subject to duty; a gauger. (b) In the United States, an officer whose duties include the various measures to be taken for ascertaining the quantity, condition, and value of merchandise brought into a port. Abbot.

Surveyor general. (a) A principal surveyor; as, the surveyor general of the king's manors, or of woods and parks. [Eng.] (b) An officer having charge of the survey of the public lands of a land district. [U.S.] Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.). -- Surveyor's compass. See Circumferentor. -- Surveyor's level. See under Level.

Surveyorship

Sur*vey"or*ship, n. The office of a surveyor.

Surview

Sur*view" (?), v. t. [Pref. sur- + view. Cf. Survey.] To survey; to make a survey of. [Obs.] "To surview his ground." Spenser.

Surview

Sur*view", n. A survey. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Survise

Sur*vise" (?), v. t. [See Supervise, and Survey.] To look over; to supervise. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Survival

Sur*viv"al (?), n. [From Survive.]

1. A living or continuing longer than, or beyond the existence of, another person, thing, or event; an outliving.

2. (Arh\'91ol. & Ethnol.) Any habit, usage, or belief, remaining from ancient times, the origin of which is often unknown, or imperfectly known.

The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the study of manners and customs. Tylor.
Survival of the fittest. (Biol.) See Natural selection, under Natural.

Survivance, Survivancy

Sur*viv"ance (?), Sur*viv"an*cy (?), n. [F. survivance.] Survivorship. [R.]
His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership. Bp. Burnet.

Survive

Sur*vive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surviving.] [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over + vivere to live. See Super-, and Victuals.] To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than; to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event. Cowper.
I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she survive me, In all my lands and leases whatsoever. Shak.

Survive

Sur*vive", v. i. To remain alive; to continue to live.
Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all the conquerors. Sir J. Denham.
Alike are life and death, When life in death survives. Longfellow.

Survivency

Sur*viv"en*cy (?), n. Survivorship. [R.]

Surviver

Sur*viv"er (?), n. One who survives; a survivor.

Surviving

Sur*viv"ing, a. Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends; surviving customs.

Survivor

Sur*viv"or (?), n.

1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing.

The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. Shak.

2. (Law) The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.

Survivorship

Sur*viv"or*ship, n.

1. The state of being a survivor.

1. (Law) The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of other. Blackstone.

Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11 respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.

Susceptibility

Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Susceptibilities (#). [Cf. F. susceptibilit\'82.]

1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of receiving impressions, or of being affected.

2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility; sensitiveness.

Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit strength. Sir W. Thomson. Syn. -- Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.

Susceptible

Sus*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [F., from L. suscipere, susceptum, to take up, to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. sus (see Sub-) + capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible of color or of alteration.

It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our eternal day. Young.

2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility; impressible; tender; sensitive; as, children are more susceptible than adults; a man of a susceptible heart.<-- = impressionable -->

Candidates are . . . not very susceptible of affronts. Cowper.
I am constitutionally susceptible of noises. Lamb.
-- Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Sus*cep"ti*bly, adv.

Susception

Sus*cep"tion (?), n. [L. susceptio: cf. F. susception. See Susceptible.] The act of taking; reception.

Susceptive

Sus*cep"tive (?), a. Susceptible. I. Watts. -- Sus*cep"tive*ness, n.

Susceptivity

Sus`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Capacity for receiving; susceptibility. [R.] Wollaston.

Susceptor

Sus*cep"tor (?), n. [L. See Susceptible.] One who undertakes anything; specifically, a godfather; a sponsor; a guardian. Puller. Shipley.

Suscipiency

Sus*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. Admission. [R.]

Suscipient

Sus*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. suscipiens, p.pr. of suscipere. See Susceptible.] Receiving; admitting. [R.]

Suscipient

Sus*cip"i*ent, n. One who takes or admits; one who receives. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Suscitability

Sus`ci*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being suscitated; excitability. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Suscitate

Sus"ci*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suscitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suscitating.] [L. suscitatus, p.p. of suscitare to lift up, to rouse; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + citare to rouse, excite. Cf. Excite, Incite.] To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action. [Obs.]

Suscitation

Sus`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. suscitatio: cf. F. suscitation.] The act of raising or exciting. [R.]
A mere suscitation or production of a thing. South.

Suslik

Sus"lik (?), n. [Russ. s\'a3slik'.] (Zo\'94l.) A ground squirrel (Spermophilus citillus) of Europe and Asia. It has large cheek pouches. [Written also souslik.]

Suspect

Sus*pect" (?), a. [L. suspectus, p.p. of suspicere to look up, admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to mistrust; sub under + specere to look: cf. F. suspect suspected, suspicious. See Spy, and cf. Suspicion.]

1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.]

Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also. Chaucer.

2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.]

What I can do or offer is suspect. Milton.

Suspect

Sus*pect", n. [LL. suspectus. See Suspect, a.]

1. Suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed. Fairfax.

2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of suspicion; -- formerly applied to persons and things; now, only to persons suspected of crime. Bacon.

Suspect

Sus*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspected; p. pr. & vb. n. Suspecting.]

1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the existence of, without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; -- commonly used regarding something unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; as, to suspect the presence of disease.

Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by producing to know more. Bacon.
From her hand I could suspect no ill. Milton.

2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without proof; as, to suspect one of equivocation.

3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to distruct; as, to suspect the truth of a story. Addison.

4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.] Syn. -- To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.

Suspect

Sus*pect", v. i. To imagine guilt; to have a suspicion or suspicions; to be suspicious.
If I suspect without cause, why then make sport at time. Shak.

Suspectable

Sus*pect"a*ble (?), a. That may be suspected.

Suspected

Sus*pect"ed, a. Distrusted; doubted. -- Sus*pect"ed*ly, adv. -- Sus*pect"ed*ness, n.

Suspecter

Sus*pect"er (?), n. One who suspects.

Suspectful

Sus*pect"ful (?), a. Apt to suspect or mistrust; full of suspicion; suspicious; as, to be suspectful of the motives of others. Milton. -- Sus*pect"ful*ness, n.

Suspection

Sus*pec"tion (?), n. Suspicion. [Obs.]

Suspectiousness

Sus*pec"tious*ness (?), n. Suspiciousness; cause for suspicion. [Obs. & R.] Ld. Berners.

Suspectless

Sus*pect"less (?), a.

1. Not suspecting; having no suspicion. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Suspend

Sus*pend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspended; p. pr. & vb. n. Suspending.] [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + pendere to hang. See Pedant, and cf. Suspense, n.]

1. To attach to something above; to hang; as, to suspend a ball by a thread; to suspend a needle by a loadstone.

2. To make to depend; as, God hath suspended the promise of eternal life on the condition of obedience and holiness of life. [Archaic] Tillotson.

3. To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from proceeding; to interrupt; to delay; to stay.

Suspend your indignation against my brother. Shak.
The guard nor fights nor fies; their fate so near At once suspends their courage and their fear. Denham.

4. To hold in an undetermined or undecided state; as, to suspend one's judgment or opinion. Locke.

5. To debar, or cause to withdraw temporarily, from any privilege, from the execution of an office, from the enjoyment of income, etc.; as, to suspend a student from college; to suspend a member of a club.

Good men should not be suspended from the exercise of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood for ceremonies which are on all hands acknowledged indifferent. Bp. Sanderson.

6. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as, to suspend the habeas corpus act; to suspend the rules of a legislative body.

7. (Chem.) To support in a liquid, as an insoluble powder, by stirring, to facilitate chemical action.

To suspend payment (Com.), to cease paying debts or obligations; to fail; -- said of a merchant, a bank, etc. Syn. -- To hang; interrupt; delay; intermit; stay; hinder; debar.
Page 1454

Suspend

Sus*pend" (?), v. i. To cease from operation or activity; esp., to stop payment, or be unable to meet obligations or engagements (said of a commercial firm or a bank).

Suspender

Sus*pend"er (?), n. One who, or that which, suspends; esp., one of a pair of straps or braces worn over the shoulders, for holding up the trousers.

Suspensation

Sus`pen*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. suspensatio suspension from a charge or benefice.] The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended, especially for a short time; temporary suspension.

Suspense

Sus*pense" (?), a. [F. suspens, L. suspensus, p.p. of suspendere. See Suspend.]

1. Held or lifted up; held or prevented from proceeding. [Obs.]

[The great light of day] suspense in heaven. Milton.

2. Expressing, or proceeding from, suspense or doubt. [Obs.] "Expectation held his look suspense." Milton.

Suspense

Sus*pense", n. [From F. suspens, a. See Suspense, a.]

1. The state of being suspended; specifically, a state of uncertainty and expectation, with anxiety or apprehension; indetermination; indecision; as, the suspense of a person waiting for the verdict of a jury.

Ten days the prophet in suspense remained. Denham.
Upon the ticklish balance of suspense. Cowper.

2. Cessation for a time; stop; pause.

A cool suspense from pleasure and from pain. Pope.

3. [Cf. F. suspense.] (Law) A temporary cessation of one's right; suspension, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent.

Suspense account (Bookkeeping), an account in which receipts or disbursements are temporarily entered until their proper position in the books is determined.

Suspensely

Sus*pense"ly, adv. In suspense. [Obs.] Hales.

Suspensibility

Sus*pen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being suspensible.

Suspensible

Sus*pen"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being suspended; capable of being held from sinking.

Suspension

Sus*pen"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. suspension, L. suspensio arched work, imperfect pronunciation. See Suspend.]

1. The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended; pendency; as, suspension from a hook.

2. Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or cessation; as: (a) Of labor, study, pain, etc. (b) Of decision, determination, judgment, etc.; as, to ask a suspension of judgment or opinion in view of evidence to be produced. (c) Of the payment of what is due; as, the suspension of a mercantile firm or of a bank. (d) Of punishment, or sentence of punishment. (e) Of a person in respect of the exercise of his office, powers, prerogative, etc.; as, the suspension of a student or of a clergyman. (f) Of the action or execution of law, etc.; as, the suspension of the habeas corpus act. <-- # each of the above lettered definitions is elliptical; needs special handling for analysis. -->

3. A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay; as, the suspension of a payment on the performance of a condition.

4. The state of a solid when its particles are mixed with, but undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining; also, any substance in this state.

5. (Rhet.) A keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or of what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations employed.

6. (Scots Law) A stay or postponement of execution of a sentence condemnatory by means of letters of suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary.

7. (Mus.) The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into the chord which follows, thus producing a momentary discord, suspending the concord which the ear expects. Cf. Retardation.

Pleas in suspension (Law), pleas which temporarily abate or suspend a suit. -- Points of suspension (Mech.), the points, as in the axis or beam of a balance, at which the weights act, or from which they are suspended. -- Suspension bridge, a bridge supported by chains, ropes, or wires, which usually pass over high piers or columns at each end, and are secured in the ground beyond. -- Suspension of arms (Mil.), a short truce or cessation of operations agreed on by the commanders of contending armies, as for burying the dead, making proposal for surrender or for peace, etc. -- Suspension scale, a scale in which the platform hangs suspended from the weighing apparatus instead of resting upon it. Syn. -- Delay; interruption; intermission; stop.

Suspensive

Sus*pen"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. suspensif. See Suspend.] Tending to suspend, or to keep in suspense; causing interruption or delay; uncertain; doubtful. "In suspensive thoughts." Beaumont. "A suspensive veto." Macaulay.
The provisional and suspensive attitude. J. Morley.
Suspensive condition (Scots Law), a condition precedent, or a condition without the performance of which the contract can not be completed.

Suspensor

Sus*pen"sor (?), n. [NL.]

1. A suspensory.

2. (Bot.) The cord which suspends the embryo; and which is attached to the radicle in the young state; the proembryo.

Suspensorium

Sus`pen*so"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Suspensoria (#). [NL.] (Anat.) Anything which suspends or holds up a part: especially, the mandibular suspensorium (a series of bones, or of cartilages representing them) which connects the base of the lower jaw with the skull in most vertebrates below mammals.

Suspensory

Sus*pen"so*ry (?), a.

1. Suspended; hanging; depending.

2. Fitted or serving to suspend; suspending; as, a suspensory muscle. Ray.

3. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a suspensorium.

Suspensory

Sus*pen"so*ry, n. [Cf. F. suspensoir, suspensoire.] That which suspends, or holds up, as a truss; specifically (Med.), a bandage or bag for supporting the scrotum.

Suspicable

Sus"pi*ca*ble (?), a. [L. suspacabilis, fr. suspicari to suspect, akin to suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.] Liable to suspicion; suspicious. [Obs.]
It is a very suspicable business. Dr. H. more.

Suspiciency

Sus*pi"cien*cy (?), n. [From L. suspiciens, p.pr. of suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.] Suspiciousness; suspicion. [Obs.] Hopkins.

Suspicion

Sus*pi"cion (?), n. [OE. suspecioun, OF. souspe\'87on, F. soup\'87on, L. suspectio a looking up to, an esteeming highly, suspicion, fr. suspicere to look up, to esteem, to mistrust. The modern form suspicion in English and French is in imitation of L. suspicio mistrust, suspicion. See Suspect, and cf. Suspicious.]

1. The act of suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of the existence of something (esp. something wrong or hurtful) without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence.

Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds, they ever fly by twilight. Bacon.

2. Slight degree; suggestion; hint. [Colloq.]

The features are mild but expressive, with just a suspicion . . . of saturnine or sarcastic humor. A. W. Ward.
Syn. -- Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence; doubt.

Suspicion

Sus*pi"cion, v. t. To view with suspicion; to suspect; to doubt. [Obs. or Low] South.

Suspicious

Sus*pi"cious (?), a. [OE. suspecious; cf. L. suspiciosus. See Suspicion.]

1. Inclined to suspect; given or prone to suspicion; apt to imagine without proof.

Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious; and no man can love the person he suspects. South.
Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit suspicious of each other. Pope.

2. Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear.

We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenance. Swift.

3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to imagine ill; questionable; as, an author of suspicious innovations; suspicious circumstances.

I spy a black, suspicious, threatening could. Shak.
Syn. -- Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful; questionable. See Jealous. -- Sus*pi"cious*ly, adv. -- Sus*pi"cious*ness, n.

Suspiral

Sus*pir"al (?), n. [From Suspire.]

1. A breathing hole; a vent or ventiduct.

2. A spring of water passing under ground toward a cistern or conduit.

Suspiration

Sus`pi*ra"tion (?), n. [L. suspiratio. See Suspire.] The act of sighing, or fetching a long and deep breath; a deep respiration; a sigh.
Windy suspiration of forced breath. Shak.

Suspire

Sus*pire" (?), v. i. [L. suspirare to breathe out, to sigh; sub under + spirare to breathe: cf. F. souspirer, OF. souspirer.] To fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh; to breathe. Shak.
Fireflies that suspire In short, soft lapses of transported flame. Mrs. Browning.

Suspire

Sus*pire", n. [Cf. L. suspirium.] A long, deep breath; a sigh. [Obs.]

Suspired

Sus*pired" (?), a. Ardently desired or longed for; earnestly coveted. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Sustain

Sus*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sustained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sustaining.] [OE. sustenen, susteinen, OF. sustenir, sostenir, F. soutenir (the French prefix is properly fr. L. subtus below, fr. sub under), L. sustinere; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Sustenance.]

1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight.

Every pillar the temple to sustain. Chaucer.

2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the like; to support.

No comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the evils in this world. Tillotson.

3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish; as, provisions to sustain an army.

4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. Shak.

His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. Dryden.

5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under; as, to sustain defeat and disappointment.

6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo.

Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain? Dryden.
You shall sustain more new disgraces. Shak.

7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action or suit.

8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or confirm; to be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition. Syn. -- To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo.

Sustain

Sus*tain" (?), n. One who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer. [Obs.]
I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. Milton.

Sustainable

Sus*tain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. soutenable, OF. soustenable.] Capable of being sustained or maintained; as, the action is not sustainable.

Sustained

Sus*tained" (?), a. Held up to a certain pitch, degree, or level; uniform; as, sustained pasion; a sustained style of writing; a sustained note in music.

Sustainer

Sus*tain"er (?), n. One who, or that which, sustains. Waterland.

Sustainment

Sus*tain"ment (?), n. The act of sustaining; maintenance; support. Milton. Lowell.

Sustaltic

Sus*tal"tic (?), a. [Gr. Mournful; -- said of a species of music among the ancient Greeks. Busby.

Sustenance

Sus"te*nance (?), n. [OF. sustenance, sostenance, soustenance: cf. L. sustenentia endurance. See Sustain.]

1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.

2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; means of living; as, the city has ample sustenance. "A man of little sustenance." Chaucer.

For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Milton.

Sustentacle

Sus*ten"ta*cle (?), n. [L. sustentaculum. See Sustentation.] Sustenance. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Sustentacular

Sus`ten*tac"u*lar (?), a. [See Sustenance.] (Anat.) Supporting; sustaining; as, a sustentacular tissue.

Sustentate

Sus"ten*tate (?), v. t. To sustain. [R.] C. Reade.

Sustentation

Sus`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [L. sustentatio sustenance, maintenance, fr. sustentare to support, maintain, v. intens. fr. sustinere to sustain: cf. F. sustentation. See Sustain.]

1. The act of sustaining, or the state of being sustained; preservation from falling; support; sustenance; maintenance.

2. (Physiol.) The aggregate of the functions by which a living organism is maintained in a normal condition of weight and growth.

Sustentation fund (Eccl.), a fund of a religious body for support of its ministers, chapels, etc.; as, the sustentation fund of the Free Church of Scotland.

Sustentative

Sus"ten*ta*tive (?), a. Adapted to sustain, strengthen, or corroborate; as, sustentative citations or quotations. Sustentative functions (Physiol.), those functions of the body which affect its material composition and thus determine its mass.

Sustention

Sus*ten"tion (?), n. Sustentation. [R. or Colloq.]
In fine images, in sustention, in irony, they surpass anything that Burke ever wrote. J. Morley.

Suster, Sustre

Sus"ter, Sus"tre (?), n.; pl. Susters (, Sustres, ∨ Sustren (. Sister. [Obs.] Chaucer.
There are seven sustren, that serve truth ever. Piers Plowman.

Susu

Su"su (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Soosoo.

Susurrant

Su*sur"rant (?), a. [L. susurrans, p.pr. from susurrare to whisper.] Whispering. [R.] "The soft susurrant sigh." Poetry of Anti-Jacobin.

Susurration

Su`sur*ra"tion (?), n. [L. susurratio, fr. susurrare to whisper: cf. F. susurration.] A whispering; a soft murmur. "Soft susurrations of the trees." Howell.

Susurringly

Su*sur"ring*ly (?), adv. In the manner of a whisper. [Obs.]

Susurrous

Su*sur"rous (?), a. [L. susurrus.] Whispering; rustling; full of whispering sounds. [R.]

Susurrus

Su*sur"rus (?), n. [L.] The act of whispering; a whisper; a murmur. De Quincey.
The soft susurrus and sighs of the branches. Longfellow.

Sutile

Su"tile (?), a. [L. sutilis, fr. suere to sew: cf. F. sutile.] Done by stitching. [R.] Boswell.

Sutler

Sut"ler (?), n. [D. zoetelaar, OD. soetelaar, a small trader, especially in camps, fr. soetelen to undertake low offices; cf. G. sudeln to do dirty work, to sully, soil, E. suds.] A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, and the like.

Sutlership

Sut"ler*ship, n. The condition or occupation of a sutler.

Sutling

Sut"ling (?), a. Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler. Addison.

Sutor

Su"tor (?), n. A kind of sirup made by the Indians of Arizona from the fruit of some cactaceous plant (probably the Cereus giganteus).

Sutra

Su"tra (?), n.; pl. Sutras (#). [Skr. s a thread, a string of rules; an aphorism; fr. siv to sew.]

1. (a) A precept; an aphorism; a brief rule. (b) A collection of such aphorisms.

2. pl. A body of Hindoo literature containing aphorisms on grammar, meter, law, and philosophy, and forming a connecting link between the Vedic and later Sanscrit literature. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Suttee

Sut*tee" (?), n. [Skr. sat\'c6 a faithful wife, fem. of sant existing, real, true, good, p.pr. of as to be. Cf. Sooth.]

1. A Hindoo widow who immolates herself, or is immolated, on the funeral pile of her husband; -- so called because this act of self-immolation is regarded as envincing excellence of wifely character. [India]

2. The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her husband. [India] &hand; The practice, though abolished in British India law in 1829, is not wholly prevented.

Sutteeism

Sut*tee"ism (?), n. The practice of self-immolation of widows in Hindostan.
Page 1455

Suttle

Sut"tle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Com.) The weight when the tare has been deducted, and tret is yet to be allowed. M

Suttle

Sut"tle, v. i. [See Sutler.] To act as sutler; to supply provisions and other articles to troops.

Sutural

Su"tur*al (?), a. [Cf. F. sutural, NL. suturals.]

1. Of or pertaining to a suture, or seam.

2. (Bot.) Taking place at a suture; as, a sutural de.

Suturally

Su"tur*al*ly, adv. In a sutural manner.

Suturated

Su"tur*a`ted (?), a. Sewed or knit together; united by a suture; stitched.

Suture

Su"ture (?), n. [L. sutura, fr. suere, sutum, to sew or stitch: cf. F. suture. See Sew to unite with thread.]

1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts are sewed together, or are united so as to form a seam, or that which resembles a seam.

2. (Surg.) (a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. (b) The stitch by which the parts are united.

3. (Anat.) The line of union, or seam, in an immovable articulation, like those between the bones of the skull; also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.

4. (Bot.) (a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a legume. (b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a legume, which really corresponds to a midrib.

5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes confluent. (b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of a crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve shell.

Glover's suture, Harmonic suture, etc. See under Glover, Harmonic, etc.

Sutured

Su"tured (?), a. Having a suture or sutures; knit or united together. Pennant.

Suwarrow

Su*war"row (?), n. (Bot.) The giant cactus (Cereus giganteus); -- so named by the Indians of Arizona. Called also saguaro. <-- Saguaro is the most common now -->

Suzerain

Su"ze*rain (?), n. [F., formed fr. sus above, L. susum, sursum (fr. sub under + versum, p.p. of vertere to turn), after the analogy of souverain, E. sovereign. See Sub-, and Verse.] A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.

Suzerainty

Su"ze*rain*ty (?), n. [F. suzerainet\'82.] The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.

Swa

Swa (sw&aum;), adv. [See So.] So. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swab

Swab (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swabbing.] [See Swabber, n.] To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also swob.]

Swab

Swab, n. [Written also swob.]

1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.

2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep-seated parts, etc.

3. (Naut.) An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] Marryat.

4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] Bailey.

5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.

Swabber

Swab"ber (?), v. t. To swab. [R.]

Swabber

Swab"ber, n. [D. zwabber; cf.D. zwabberen to swab, G. schwabbern, Dan. svabre, Sw. svab a swab, svabla to swab.]

1. One who swabs a floor or desk. Shak.

2. (Naut.) Formerly, an interior officer on board of British ships of war, whose business it was to see that the ship was kept clean.

3. Same as Swobber, 2.

Swad

Swad (?), n. [Probably fr. AS. swe to bind.] [Written also swod.]

1. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Prov. Eng.]

Swad, in the north, is a peascod shell -- thence used for an empty, shallow-headed fellow. Blount.

2. A clown; a country bumpkin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Country swains, and silly swads." Greene.

There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt, squat swad, but lower than yourself. B. Jonson.

3. A lump of mass; also, a crowd. [Low, U.S.]

4. (Coal Mining) A thin layer of refuse at the bottom of a seam. Raymond.

Swaddle

Swad"dle (?), n. [AS. swe, swe, fr. swe to bind. See Swathe.] Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a swaddling band.
They put me in bed in all my swaddles. Addison.

Swaddle

Swad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swaddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swaddling (?).]

1. To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp tightly with clothes; to swathe; -- used esp. of infants; as, to swaddle a baby.

They swaddled me up in my nightgown with long pieces of linen. Addison.

2. To beat; to cudgel. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Swaddlebill

Swad"dle*bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The shoveler. [Local, U.S.]

Swaddler

Swad"dler (?), n. A term of contempt for an Irish Methodist. Shipley.

Swaddling

Swad"dling (?), a. & n. from Swaddle, v. Swaddling band, Swaddling cloth, ∨ Swaddling clout, a band or cloth wrapped round an infant, especially round a newborn infant.
Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. Luke ii. 12.

Swag

Swag (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swagging (?).] [Cf. Icel. sveggja, sveigja to bend, to sway, Norw. svaga to sway. See Sway.]

1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. Sir H. Wotton.

I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth. Palsgrave.

Swag

Swag, n.

1. A swaying, irregular motion.

2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang] Charles Reade.

Swag-bellied

Swag"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a prominent, overhanging belly. Shak.

Swagbelly

Swag"bel`ly (?), n.

1. A prominent, overhanging belly. Smollett.

2. (Med.) Any large tumor developed in the abdomen, and neither fluctuating nor sonorous. Dunglison.

Swage

Swage (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swaging (?).] [Equiv. to suage, abbrev. fr. assuage.] See Assuage. [Obs.]

Swage

Swage, n. A tool, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used by blacksmiths and other workers in metals, for shaping their work, whether sheet metal or forging, by holding the swage upon the work, or the work upon the swage, and striking with a sledge. Swage block, a perforated block of iron, having grooved sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and swaging objects of large size.

Swage

Swage, v. t. To shape by means of a swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron, by forcing it into a groove or mold having the required shape.

Swagger

Swag"ger (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swaggered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swaggering.] [Freq. of swag.]

1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a pompous, consequential manner.

A man who swaggers about London clubs. Beaconsfield.

2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or vainglorious; to bluster; to bully.

What a pleasant it is . . . to swagger at the bar! Arbuthnot.
To be great is not . . . to swagger at our footmen. Colier.

Swagger

Swag"ger, v. t. To bully. [R.] Swift.

Swagger

Swag"ger, n. The act or manner of a swaggerer.
He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth to receive us. W. Irving.

Swaggerer

Swag"ger*er (?), n. One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy fellow. Shak.

Swaggy

Swag"gy (?), a. Inclined to swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight. Sir T. Browne.

Swain

Swain (?), n. [OE. swain, swein, Icel. sveinn a boy, servant; akin to Sw. sven, Dan. svend, AS. sw\'ben, OHG. swein.]

1. A servant. [Obs.]

Him behoves serve himself that has no swain. Chaucer.

2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a cuntry gallant or lover; -- chiefly in poetry.

It were a happy life To be no better than a homely swain. Shak.
Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope.

Swainish

Swain"ish, a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a swain; rustic; ignorant. "An ungentle and swainish beast." Milton. -- Swain"ish*ness, n. Emerson.

Swainling

Swain"ling (?), n. A little swain. [R.]

Swainmote

Swain"mote` (?), n. [Swain + mote meeting: cf. LL. swanimotum.] (Eng. Forest Law) A court held before the verders of the forest as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every year, the swains, or freeholders, within the forest composing the jury. [Written also swanimote, and sweinmote.] Blackstone.

Swainship

Swain"ship, n. The condition of a swain.

Swaip

Swaip (?), v. i. [Cf. Sweep.] To walk proudly; to sweep along. [Prov. Eng.] Todd.

Swal

Swal (?), obs. imp. of Swell. Swelled. Chaucer.

Swale

Swale (?), n. [Cf. Icel. svalr cool, svala to cool.] A valley or low place; a tract of low, and usually wet, land; a moor; a fen. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

Swale

Swale, v. i. & t. To melt and waste away; to singe. See Sweal, v.

Swale

Swale, n. A gutter in a candle. [Prov. Eng.]

Swallet

Swal"let (?), n. [Cf. G. schwall a sea swell, from schwellen to swell, E. swell.] Water breaking in upon the miners at their work; -- so called among tin miners. [Prov. Eng.]

Swallow

Swal"low (?), n. [OE. swalowe, AS. swalewe, swealwe; akin to D. zwaluw, OHG. swalawa, G. schwalbe, Icel. & Sw. svala, Dan. svale.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of passerine birds of the family Hirundinid\'91, especially one of those species in which the tail is deeply forked. They have long, pointed wings, and are noted for the swiftness and gracefulness of their flight. &hand; The most common North American species are the barn swallow (see under Barn), the cliff, or eaves, swallow (see under Cliff), the white-bellied, or tree, swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and the bank swallow (see under Bank). The common European swallow (Chelidon rustica), and the window swallow, or martin (Chelidon urbica), are familiar species.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of swifts which resemble the true swallows in form and habits, as the common American chimney swallow, or swift.

3. (Naut.) The aperture in a block through which the rope reeves. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Swallow plover (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus Glareola, as G. orientalis of India; a pratincole. -- Swallow shrike (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic birds of the family Artamiid\'91, allied to the shrikes but similar to swallows in appearance and habits. The ashy swallow shrike (Artamus fuscus) is common in India. -- Swallow warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of East Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus Dic\'91um. They are allied to the honeysuckers.

Swallow

Swal"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swallowing.] [OE. swolewen, swolwen, swolhen, AS. swelgan; akin to D. zwelgen, OHG. swelahan, swelgan, G. schwelgen to feast, to revel, Icel. svelgia to swallow, SW. sv\'84lja, Dan. sv\'91lge. Cf. Groundsel a plant.]

1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or esophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink.

As if I had swallowed snowballs for pills. Shak.

2. To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to absorb -- usually followed by up. Milton.

The earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses. Num. xvi. 32.

3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without examination or scruple; to receive implicitly.

Though that story . . . be not so readily swallowed. Sir T. Browne.

4. To engross; to appropriate; -- usually with up.

Homer excels . . . in this, that he swallowed up the honor of those who succeeded him. Pope.

5. To occupy; to take up; to employ.

The necessary provision of the life swallows the greatest part of their time. Locke.

6. To seize and waste; to exhaust; to consume.

Corruption swallowed what the liberal hand Of bounty scattered. Thomson.

7. To retract; to recant; as, to swallow one's opinions. "Swallowed his vows whole." Shak.

8. To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation; as, to swallow an affront or insult. Syn. -- To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See Absorb.

Swallow

Swal"low, v. i. To perform the act of swallowing; as, his cold is so severe he is unable to swallow.

Swallow

Swal"low, n.

1. The act of swallowing.

2. The gullet, or esophagus; the throat.

3. Taste; relish; inclination; liking. [Colloq.]

I have no swallow for it. Massinger.

4. Capacity for swallowing; voracity.

There being nothing too gross for the swallow of political rancor. Prof. Wilson.

5. As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once; as, a swallow of water.

6. That which ingulfs; a whirlpool. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Swallower

Swal"low*er (?), n. One who swallows; also, a glutton. Tatler.

Swallowfish

Swal"low*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). It has large pectoral fins.

Swallowtail

Swal"low*tail` (?), n.

1. (Carp.) A kind of tenon or tongue used in making joints. See Dovetail.

2. (Bot.) A species of willow.

3. (Fort.) An outwork with converging sides, its head or front forming a re\'89ntrant angle; -- so called from its form. Called also priestcap.

4. A swallow-tailed coat.

This Stultz coat, a blue swallowtail, with yellow buttons. Thackeray.

5. An arrow. Sir W. Scott.

6. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large and handsome butterflies, belonging to Papilio and allied genera, in which the posterior border of each hind wing is prolongated in the form of a long lobe. &hand; The black swallowtail, or asterias (see Papilio), the blue swallowtail, or philenor, the tiger swallowtail, or turnus (see Turnus), and the zebra swallowtail, or ajax (see under Zebra) are common American species. See also Troilus.

Swallow-tailed

Swal"low-tailed` (?), a.

1. Having a tail like that of a swallow; hence, like a swallow's tail in form; having narrow and tapering or pointed skirts; as, a swallow-tailed coat.

2. (Carp.) United by dovetailing; dovetailed.

Swallow-tailed duck (Zo\'94l.), the old squaw. -- Swallow-tailed gull (Zo\'94l.), an Arctic gull (Xema furcata), which has a deeply forked tail. -- Swallow-tailed hawk ∨ kite (Zo\'94l.), the fork-tailed kite. -- Swallow-tailed moth (Zo\'94l.), a European moth (Urapteryx sambucaria) having tail-like lobes on the hind wings.

Swallowwort

Swal"low*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Celandine. (b) A poisonous plant (Vincetoxicum officinale) of the Milkweed family, at one time used in medicine; -- also called white swallowwort. African swallowwort, a plant of the genus Stapelia.

Swam

Swam (?), imp. of Swim.

Swamp

Swamp (?), n. [Cf. AS. swam a fungus, OD. swam a sponge, D. zwam a fungus, G. schwamm a sponge, Icel. sv\'94ppr, Dan. & Sw. swamp, Goth. swamms, Gr. somfo`s porous, spongy.] Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore.
Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern. Tennyson.
A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses. Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words).
Swamp blackbird. (Zo\'94l.) See Redwing (b). -- Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage. -- Swamp deer (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of India. -- Swamp hen. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird (Porphyrio bellus); -- called also goollema. (b) An Australian water crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); -- called also little swamp hen. (c) The European purple gallinule. -- Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, ∨ Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; -- called also swamp pink. -- Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs. Cf. Cant hook. -- Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie. -- Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves with the lower surface glaucous. -- Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple. -- Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata). -- Swamp ore (Min.), big ore; limonite. -- Swamp partridge (Zo\'94l.), any one of several Australian game birds of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European partridges. -- Swamp robin (Zo\'94l.), the chewink. -- Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white blossoms; -- called also sweet bay. -- Swamp sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy places. -- Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.
Page 1456

Swamp

Swamp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swamped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swamping.]

1. To plunge or sink into a swamp.

2. (Naut.) To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with water.

3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck.

The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers. J. R. Green.
Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory. Sir W. Hamilton.

Swamp

Swamp, v. i.

1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable difficulties.

2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.

Swampy

Swamp"y (?), a. Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as, swampy land.

Swan

Swan (?), n. [AS. swan; akin to D. zwaan, OHG. swan, G. schwan, Icel. svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane; and perhaps to E. sound something audible.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygnin\'91. They have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song, especially at the time of its death. &hand; The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O. buccinator). The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob.

2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon.

3. (Astron.) The constellation Cygnus.

Swan goose (Zo\'94l.), a bird of India (Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose. -- Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.

Swang

Swang (?), obs. imp. of Swing.

Swang

Swang, n. [Cf. Swamp.] A swamp. [Prov. Eng.]

Swanherd

Swan"herd` (?), n. One who tends or marks swans; as, the royal swanherd of England.

Swan-hopping

Swan"-hop`ping (?), n. A corruption of Swan-upping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

Swanimote

Swan"i*mote (?), n. (Eng. Forest Law) See Swainmote.

Swankie, Swanky

Swank"ie, Swank"y (?), n. [Cf. G. schwank flexible, pliant.] An active and clever young fellow. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Swanlike

Swan"like` (?), a. Resembling a swan.

Swanmark

Swan"mark` (?), n. A mark of ownership cut on the bill or swan. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

Swannery

Swan"ner*y (?), n. A place where swans are bred. "The largest swannery in England." Encyc. Brit.

Swanny

Swan"ny (?), a. Swanlike; as, a swanny glossiness of the neck. Richardson.

Swanpan

Swan"pan (?), n. [Cf. Schwanpan.] The Chinese abacus; a schwanpan.<-- also, suan-pan --> S. W. Williams.

Swan's-down, ∨ Swans-down

Swan's"-down` (?), ∨ Swans"-down`, n.

1. The down, or fine, soft feathers, of the swan, used on various articles of dress.

2. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or cotton; a sort of twilled fustian, like moleskin.

Swan's-down cotton. See Cotton flannel, under Cotton.

Swanskin

Swan"skin` (?), n.

1. The act of a swan with the down or the feathers on.

2. A species of soft flannel, thick and warm.

Swan-upping

Swan"-up`ping (?), n. A yearly expedition on the Thames to take up young swans and mark them, as by Companies of Dyers and Vintners; -- called also swan-hopping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.

Swap

Swap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swapping.] [OE. swappen to strike; cf. E. to strike a bargain; perh. akin to E. sweep. Cf. Swap a blow, Swap, v. i.] [Written also swop.]

1. To strike; -- with off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Swap off his head!" Chaucer.

2. To exchange (usually two things of the same kind); to swop. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth.

Swap

Swap, v. i. [Cf. Swap, v. t.]

1. To fall or descend; to rush hastily or violently. C. Richardson (Dict.).

All suddenly she swapt adown to ground. Chaucer.

2. To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.

Swap

Swap, n. [Cf. G. schwapp, n., a slap, swap, schwapp, schwapps, interj., slap! smack! and E. swap, v.t.]

1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. An exchange; a barter. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

Swap

Swap, adv. [See Swap, n.] Hastily. [Prov. Eng.]

Swape

Swape (?), n. See Sweep, n., 12.

Sward

Sward (?), n. [AS. sweard skin, covering; akin to OFries. swarge, D. zwoord, G. schwarte, Icel. sv\'94r skin, sward of the earth.]

1. Skin; covering. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. The grassy surface of land; that part of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass; turf.

The sward was trim as any garden lawn. Tennyson.
Sward pork, bacon in large fitches. [Prov. Eng.]

Sward

Sward, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swarded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swarding.] To produce sward upon; to cover, or be covered, with sward. Mortimer.

Sward-cutter

Sward"-cut`ter (?), n. (a) A plow for turning up grass land. (b) A lawn mower.

Swarded

Sward"ed, a. Covered with sward. Mrs. Browning.

Swardy

Sward"y (?), a. Covered with sward or grass.

Sware

Sware (?), imp. of Swear. [Obs. or Poetic]
Cophetua sware a royal oath. Tennyson.

Swarf

Swarf (?), v. i. [Cf. Swerve.] To grow languid; to faint. [Scot.] "To swarf for very hunger." Sir W. Scott.

Swarf

Swarf, n. [Cf. Swerve.] The grit worn away from grindstones in grinding cutlery wet. [Prov. Eng.]

Swarm

Swarm (?), v. i. [Cf. Swerve.] To climb a tree, pole, or the like, by embracing it with the arms and legs alternately. See Shin. [Colloq.]
At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who could swarm up and seize it. W. Coxe.

Swarm

Swarm, n. [OE. swarm, AS. swearm; akin to D. zwerm, G. schwarm, OHG. swaram, Icel. svarmr a tumult, Sw. sv\'84rm a swarm, Dan. sv\'91rm, and G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz, Skr. svar to sound, and perhaps to E. swear. \'fb177. Cf. Swerve, Swirl.]

1. A large number or mass of small animals or insects, especially when in motion. "A deadly swarm of hornets." Milton.

2. Especially, a great number of honeybees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; a like body of bees settled permanently in a hive. "A swarm of bees." Chaucer.

3. Hence, any great nimber or multitude, as of people in motion, or sometimes of inanimate objects; as, a swarm of meteorites.

Those prodigious swarms that had settled themselves in every part of it [Italy]. Addison.
Syn. -- Multitude; crowd; throng.

Swarm

Swarm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swarmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swarming.]

1. To collect, and depart from a hive by flight in a body; -- said of bees; as, bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.

2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to throng together; to congregate in a multitude. Chaucer.

3. To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude of beings in motion.

Every place swarms with soldiers. Spenser.

4. To abound; to be filled (with). Atterbury.

5. To breed multitudes.

Not so thick swarmed once the soil Bedropped with blood of Gorgon. Milton.

Swarm

Swarm, v. t. To crowd or throng. Fanshawe.

Swarmspore

Swarm"spore` (?), n.

1. (Bot.) One of innumerable minute, motile, reproductive bodies, produced asexually by certain alg\'91 and fungi; a zo\'94spore.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the minute flagellate germs produced by the sporulation of a protozoan; -- called also zo\'94spore.

Swart

Swart (?), n. Sward. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Swart

Swart (?), a. [OE. swart, AS. sweart black; akin to OFries, OS. & LG. swart, D. zwart, G. schwartz, OHG. swarz, Icel. svarir, Sw. svart, Dan. sort, Goth. swarts; cf. L. sordes dirt, sordere to be dirty. Cf. Sordid, Surd.]

1. Of a dark hue; moderately black; swarthy; tawny. "Swart attendants." Trench. "Swart savage maids." Hawthorne.

A nation strange, with visage swart. Spenser.

2. Gloomy; malignant. [Obs.] Milton.

Swart star, the Dog Star; -- so called from its appearing during the hot weather of summer, which makes swart the countenance. [R.] Milton.

Swart

Swart, v. t. To make swart or tawny; as, to swart a living part. Sir T. Browne.

Swartback

Swart"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The black-backed gull (Larus marinus); -- called also swarbie. [Prov. Eng.]

Swarth

Swarth (?), a. Swart; swarthy. "A swarth complexion." Chapman.

Swarth

Swarth (?), n. An apparition of a person about to die; a wraith. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Swarth

Swarth, n. [See Sward.] Sward; short grass.
Grassy swarth, close cropped by nibbling sheep. Cowper.

Swarth

Swarth, n. See Swath.

Swarthily

Swarth"i*ly (?), adv. In a swarthy manner; with a tawny hue; duskily.

Swarthiness

Swarth"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being swarthy; a dusky or dark complexion; tawniness.

Swarthness

Swarth"*ness, n. Swarthiness. [R.] Dr. R. Clerke.

Swarthy

Swarth"y (?), a. [Compar. Swarthier (?); superl. Swarthiest.] [See Swart, a.] Being of a dark hue or dusky complexion; tawny; swart; as, swarthy faces. "A swarthy Ethiope." Shak.
Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains. Addison.

Swarthy

Swarth"y, v. t. To make swarthy. [Obs.] Cowley.

Swartiness

Swart"i*ness (?), n. Swarthiness. [Obs.]

Swartish

Swart"ish, a. Somewhat swart, dark, or tawny.

Swartness

Swart"ness, n. The quality or state of being swart.

Swarty

Swart"y (?), a. Swarthy; tawny. [Obs.] Burton.

Swarve

Swarve (?), v. i. [See Swerve.]

1. To swerve. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Jamieson.

2. To climb. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Swash

Swash (?), n. [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.] (Arch.) An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to the axis of the work. Moxon. Swash plate (Mach.), a revolving circular plate, set obliquely on its shaft, and acting as a cam to give a reciprocating motion to a rod in a direction parallel to the shaft.

Swash

Swash, a. [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.] Soft, like fruit too ripe; swashy. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

Swash

Swash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swashing.] [Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. svasska to splash, and, for sense 3, Sw. svassa to bully, to rodomontade.]

1. To dash or flow noisily, as water; to splash; as, water swashing on a shallow place.

2. To fall violently or noisily. [Obs.] Holinshed.

3. To bluster; to make a great noise; to vapor or brag.

Swash

Swash, n.

1. Impulse of water flowing with violence; a dashing or splashing of water.

2. A narrow sound or channel of water lying within a sand bank, or between a sand bank and the shore, or a bar over which the sea washes.

3. Liquid filth; wash; hog mash. [Obs.]

4. A blustering noise; a swaggering behavior. [Obs.]

5. A swaggering fellow; a swasher.

Swashbuckler

Swash"buc`kler (?), n. A bully or braggadocio; a swaggering, boastful fellow; a swaggerer. Milton.

Swasher

Swash"er (?), n. One who makes a blustering show of valor or force of arms. Shak.

Swashing

Swash"ing, a.

1. Swaggering; hectoring. "A swashing and martial outside." Shak.

2. Resounding; crushing. "Swashing blow." Shak.

Swashway

Swash"way` (?), n. Same as 4th Swash, 2.

Swashy

Swash"y (?), a. Soft, like fruit that is too ripe; quashy; swash. [Prov. Eng.]

Swat

Swat (?), obs. imp. of Sweat. Chaucer.

Swatch

Swatch (?), n.

1. A swath. [Obs.] Tusser.

2. A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth. Halliwell. Jamieson.

Swate

Swate (?), obs. imp. of Sweat. Thomson.

Swath

Swath (?), n. [AS. swa a track, trace; akin to D. zwaad, zwad, zwade, a swath of grass, G. schwad, schwaden; perhaps, originally, a shred. Cf. Swathe, v. t.]

1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing or cradling.

2. The whole sweep of a scythe, or the whole breadth from which grass or grain is cut by a scythe or a machine, in mowing or cradling; as, to cut a wide swath.

3. A band or fillet; a swathe. Shak.

Swath bank, a row of new-mown grass. [Prov. Eng.]

Swathe

Swathe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swathing.] [OE. swathen, AS. swe. See Swath, n., and cf. Swaddle.] To bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers.
Their children are never swathed or bound about with any thing when they are first born. Abp. Abbot.

Swathe

Swathe, n. A bandage; a band; a swath.
Wrapped me in above an hundred yards of swathe. Addison.
Milk and a swathe, at first, his whole demand. Young.
The solemn glory of the afternoon, with its long swathes of light between the far off rows of limes. G. Eliot.

Swather

Swath"er (?), n. [See Swath, n.] (Agric.) A device attached to a mowing machine for raising the uncut fallen grain and marking the limit of the swath.

Swatte

Swat"te (?), obs. imp. of Sweat. Chaucer.

Sway

Sway (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swaying.] [OE. sweyen, Icel. sveigja, akin to E. swing; cf. D. zwaaijen to wield, swing. See Swing, and cf. Swag, v. i.]

1. To move or wield with the hand; to swing; to wield; as, to sway the scepter.

As sparkles from the anvil rise, When heavy hammers on the wedge are swayed. Spenser.

2. To influence or direct by power and authority; by persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide.

The will of man is by his reason swayed. Shak.
She could not sway her house. Shak.
This was the race To sway the world, and land and sea subdue. Dryden.

3. To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; warp; as, reeds swayed by wind; judgment swayed by passion.

As bowls run true by being made On purpose false, and to be swayed. Hudibras.
Let not temporal and little advantages sway you against a more durable interest. Tillotson.

4. (Naut.) To hoist; as, to sway up the yards. Syn. -- To bias; rule; govern; direct; influence; swing; move; wave; wield.

Page 1457

Sway

Sway (?), v. i.

1. To be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean; to incline.

The balance sways on our part. Bacon.

2. To move or swing from side to side; or backward and forward.

3. To have weight or influence.

The example of sundry churches . . . doth sway much. Hooker.

4. To bear sway; to rule; to govern.

Hadst thou swayed as kings should do. Shak.

Sway

Sway, n.

1. The act of swaying; a swaying motion; the swing or sweep of a weapon.

With huge two-handed sway brandished aloft. Milton.

2. Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side; as, the sway of desires. A. Tucker.

3. Preponderance; turn or cast of balance.

Expert When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway Of battle. Milton.

4. Rule; dominion; control. Cowper.

When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a private station. Addison.

5. A switch or rod used by thatchers to bind their work. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Syn. -- Rule; dominion; power; empire; control; influence; direction; preponderance; ascendency.

Sway-backed

Sway"-backed` (?), a. Having the back hollow or sagged, whether naturally or as the result of injury or weakness; -- said of horses and other animals.

Sway-bracing

Sway"-bra`cing (?), n. (Engin.) The horizontal bracing of a bridge, which prevents its swaying.

Swayed

Swayed (?), a. Bent down, and hollow in the back; sway-backed; -- said of a horse. Shak.

Swayful

Sway"ful (?), a. Able to sway. [R.] Rush.

Swaying

Sway"ing, n. An injury caused by violent strains or by overloading; -- said of the backs of horses. Crabb.

Sweal

Sweal (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swealing.] [OE. swelen to burn, AS. swelan; akin to G. schwelen to burn slowly, schw\'81l sultry, Icel. sv\'91la a thick smoke.] To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle; to waste away without feeding the flame. [Written also swale.] Sir W. Scott.

Sweal

Sweal, v. t. To singe; to scorch; to swale; as, to sweal a pig by singeing off the hair.

Swear

Swear (?), v. i. [imp. Swore (?), formerly Sware (; p. p. Sworn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swearing.] [OE. swerien, AS. swerian; akin to D. zweren, OS. swerian, OHG. swerien, G. schw\'94ren, Icel. sverja, Sw. sv\'84rja, Dan. sv\'91rge, Icel. & Sw. svara to answer, Dan. svare, Dan. & Sw. svar an answer, Goth. swaran to swear, and perhaps to E. swarm. \'fb177. Cf. Answer.]

1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed; to make a promise, threat, or resolve on oath; also, to affirm solemnly by some sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the Bible, the Koran, etc.

Ye shall swear by my name falsely. Lev. xix. 12.
I swear by all the Roman gods. Shak.

2. (Law) To give evidence on oath; as, to swear to the truth of a statement; he swore against the prisoner.

3. To make an appeal to God in an irreverant manner; to use the name of God or sacred things profanely; to call upon God in imprecation; to curse.

[I] swore little; diced not above seven times a week. Shak.
To swear by, to place great confidence in a person or thing; to trust implicitly as an authority. "I simply meant to ask if you are one of those who swear by Lord Verulam." Miss Edgeworth. -- To swear off, to make a solemn vow, or a serious resolution, to abstain from something; as, to swear off smoking. [Slang]

Swear

Swear, v. t.

1. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of the declaration; to make (a promise, threat, or resolve) under oath.

Swear unto me here by God, that thou wilt not deal falsely with me. Gen. xxi. 23.
He swore consent to your succession. Shak.

2. (Law) To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; to administer an oath to; -- ofetn followed by in or into; as, to swear witnesses; to swear a jury; to swear in an officer; he was sworn into office.

3. To declare or charge upon oath; as, he swore treason against his friend. Johnson.

4. To appeal to by an oath.

Now, by Apollo, king, Thou swear'st thy gods in vain. Shak.
To swear the peace against one, to make oath that one is under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from the person, in which case the person must find sureties that he will keep the peace.

Swearer

Swear"er (?), n.

1. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his declaration.

2. A profane person; one who uses profane language.

Then the liars and swearers are fools. Shak.

Swearing

Swear"ing, a. & n. from Swear, v.
Idle swearing is a cursedness. Chaucer.

Sweat

Sweat (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sweat or Sweated (Obs. Swat (); p. pr. & vb. n. Sweating.] [OE. sweten, AS. sw\'91tan, fr. sw\'bet, n., sweat; akin to OFries. & OS. sw\'c7t, D. zweet, OHG. sweiz, G. schweiss, Icel. sviti, sveiti, Sw. svett, Dan. sved, L. sudor sweat, sudare to sweat, Gr. sv\'c7da sweat, svid to sweat. \'fb178. Cf. Exude, Sudary, Sudorific.]

1. To excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin; to perspire. Shak.

2. Fig.: To perspire in toil; to work hard; to drudge.

He 'd have the poets sweat. Waller.

3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.

Sweat

Sweat, v. t.

1. To cause to excrete moisture from the skin; to cause to perspire; as, his physicians attempted to sweat him by most powerful sudorifics.

2. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exude.

It made her not a drop for sweat. Chaucer.
With exercise she sweat ill humors out. Dryden.

3. To unite by heating, after the application of soldier.

4. To get something advantageous, as money, property, or labor from (any one), by exaction or oppression; as, to sweat a spendthrift; to sweat laborers. [Colloq.]

To sweat coin, to remove a portion of a piece of coin, as by shaking it with others in a bag, so that the friction wears off a small quantity of the metal.
The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is to put it in circulation again after having diminished its weight by "sweating", or otherwise, because the quantity of metal contains is no longer consistent with its impression. R. Cobden.

Sweat

Sweat (?), n. [Cf. OE. swot, AS. sw\'bet. See Sweat, v. i.]

1. (Physiol.) The fluid which is excreted from the skin of an animal; the fluid secreted by the sudoriferous glands; a transparent, colorless, acid liquid with a peculiar odor, containing some fatty acids and mineral matter; perspiration. See Perspiration.

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Gen. iii. 19.

2. The act of sweating; or the state of one who sweats; hence, labor; toil; drudgery. Shak.

3. Moisture issuing from any substance; as, the sweat of hay or grain in a mow or stack. Mortimer.

4. The sweating sickness. [Obs.] Holinshed.

5. (Man.) A short run by a race horse in exercise.

Sweat box (Naut.), a small closet in which refractory men are confined. -- Sweat glands (Anat.), sudoriferous glands. See under Sudoriferous. <-- sweat suit. A suit comprising a top and trousers, having full arms and legs, used while performing physical exercises, esp. out-of-doors. Sweat equity. The rights to a portion of ownership or profit, hypothetically owned by a worker who participated in producing a product, such as in improving a piece of real estate. -->

Sweater

Sweat"er (?), n.

1. One who sweats.

2. One who, or that which, causes to sweat; as: (a) A sudorific. (b) A woolen jacket or jersey worn by athletes. (c) An employer who oppresses his workmen by paying low wages. [Slang] <-- jersey worn by lots of people, not just athletes. Needs expansion. -->

Sweatily

Sweat"i*ly (?), adv. In a sweaty manner.

Sweatiness

Sweat"i*ness, n. Quality or state of being sweaty.

Sweating

Sweat"ing, a. & n. from Sweat, v. Sweating bath, a bath producing sensible sweat; a stove or sudatory. -- Sweating house, a house for sweating persons in sickness. -- Sweating iron, a kind of knife, or a piece of iron, used to scrape off sweat, especially from horses; a horse scraper. -- Sweating room. (a) A room for sweating persons. (b) (Dairying) A room for sweating cheese and carrying off the superfluous juices. -- Sweating sickness (Med.), a febrile epidemic disease which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particularly in England, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, characterized by profuse sweating. Death often occured in a few hours.

Sweaty

Sweat"y (?), a. [Compar. Sweatier (?); superl. Sweatiest.]

1. Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.

2. Consisting of sweat; of the nature of sweat.

No noisome whiffs or sweaty streams. Swift.

3. Causing sweat; hence, laborious; toilsome; difficult. "The sweaty forge." Prior.

Swede

Swede (?), n. [Cf. G. Schwede.]

1. A native or inhabitant of Sweden.

2. (Bot.) A Swedish turnip. See under Turnip.

Swedenborgian

Swe`den*bor"gi*an (?), n. One who holds the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church, as taught by Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher and religious writer, who was born a. d. 1688 and died 1772. Swedenborg claimed to have intercourse with the spiritual world, through the opening of his spiritual senses in 1745. He taught that the Lord Jesus Christ, as comprehending in himself all the fullness of the Godhead, is the one only God, and that there is a spiritual sense to the Scriptures, which he (Swedenborg) was able to reveal, because he saw the correspondence between natural and spiritual things.

Swedenborgian

Swe`den*bor"gi*an, a. Of or pertaining to Swedenborg or his views.

Swedenborgianism

Swe`den*bor"gi*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines of the Swedenborgians.

Swedish

Swed"ish (?), a. [Cf. G. schwedisch, Sw. svensk.] Of or pertaining to Sweden or its inhabitants. Swedish turnip. (Bot.) See under Turnip.

Swedish

Swed"ish, n. The language of Swedes.

Sweeny

Swee"ny (?), n. (Far.) An atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder in horses; also, atrophy of any muscle in horses. [Written also swinney.]

Sweep

Sweep (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swept (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sweeping.] [OE. swepen; akin to AS. sw\'bepan. See Swoop, v. i.]

1. To pass a broom across (a surface) so as to remove loose dirt, dust, etc.; to brush, or rub over, with a broom for the purpose of cleaning; as, to sweep a floor, the street, or a chimney. Used also figuratively.

I will sweep it with the besom of destruction. Isa. xiv. 23.

2. To drive or carry along or off with a broom or a brush, or as if with a broom; to remove by, or as if by, brushing; as, to sweep dirt from a floor; the wind sweeps the snow from the hills; a freshet sweeps away a dam, timber, or rubbish; a pestilence sweeps off multitudes.

The hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies. Isa. xxviii. 17.
I have already swept the stakes. Dryden.

3. To brush against or over; to rub lightly along.

Their long descending train, With rubies edged and sapphires, swept the plain. Dryden.

4. To carry with a long, swinging, or dragging motion; hence, to carry in a stately or proud fashion.

And like a peacock sweep along his tail. Shak.

5. To strike with a long stroke.

Wake into voice each silent string, And sweep the sounding lyre. Pope.

6. (Naut.) To draw or drag something over; as, to sweep the bottom of a river with a net.

7. To pass over, or traverse, with the eye or with an instrument of observation; as, to sweep the heavens with a telescope.

To sweep, ∨ sweep up, a mold (Founding), to form the sand into a mold by a templet, instead of compressing it around the pattern.

Sweep

Sweep (?), v. i.

1. To clean rooms, yards, etc., or to clear away dust, dirt, litter, etc., with a broom, brush, or the like.

2. To brush swiftly over the surface of anything; to pass with switness and force, as if brushing the surface of anything; to move in a stately manner; as, the wind sweeps across the plain; a woman sweeps through a drawing-room.

3. To pass over anything comprehensively; to range through with rapidity; as, his eye sweeps through space.

Sweep

Sweep, n.

1. The act of sweeping.

2. The compass or range of a stroke; as, a long sweep.

3. The compass of any turning body or of any motion; as, the sweep of a door; the sweep of the eye.

4. The compass of anything flowing or brushing; as, the flood carried away everything within its sweep.

5. Violent and general destruction; as, the sweep of an epidemic disease.

6. Direction and extent of any motion not rectlinear; as, the sweep of a compass.

7. Direction or departure of a curve, a road, an arch, or the like, away from a rectlinear line.

The road which makes a small sweep. Sir W. Scott.

8. One who sweeps; a sweeper; specifically, a chimney sweeper.

9. (Founding) A movable templet for making molds, in loam molding.

10. (Naut.) (a) The mold of a ship when she begins to curve in at the rungheads; any part of a ship shaped in a segment of a circle. (b) A large oar used in small vessels, partly to propel them and partly to steer them.

11. (Refining) The almond furnace. [Obs.]

12. A long pole, or piece of timber, moved on a horizontal fulcrum fixed to a tall post and used to raise and lower a bucket in a well for drawing water. [Variously written swape, sweep, swepe, and swipe.]

13. (Card Playing) In the game of casino, a pairing or combining of all the cards on the board, and so removing them all; in whist, the winning of all the tricks (thirteen) in a hand; a slam.

14. pl. The sweeping of workshops where precious metals are worked, containing filings, etc.

Sweep net, a net for drawing over a large compass. -- Sweep of the tiller (Naut.), a circular frame on which the tiller traverses.

Sweepage

Sweep"age (?), n. The crop of hay got in a meadow. [Prov. Eng.]

Sweeper

Sweep"er (?), n. One who, or that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a sweep; as, a carpet sweeper.
It is oxygen which is the great sweeper of the economy. Huxley.

Sweeping

Sweep"ing, a. Cleaning off surfaces, or cleaning away dust, dirt, or litter, as a broom does; moving with swiftness and force; carrying everything before it; including in its scope many persons or things; as, a sweeping flood; a sweeping majority; a sweeping accusation. -- Sweep"ing*ly, adv. -Sweep"ing*ness, n. <-- should be separate senses -->

Sweepings

Sweep"ings (?), n. pl. Things collected by sweeping; rubbish; as, the sweepings of a street.

Sweep-saw

Sweep"-saw` (?), n. A bow-saw.

Sweepstake

Sweep"stake` (?), n.

1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes. Heylin.

2. A complete removal or carrying away; a clean sweep. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

Sweepstakes

Sweep"stakes` (?), n.

1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes; a sweepstake.

2. sing. ∨ pl. The whole money or other things staked at a horse race, a given sum being put up for each horse, all of which goes to the winner, or is divided among several, as may be previously agreed.

3. A race for all the sums staked or prizes offered.

Sweepwasher

Sweep"wash`er (?), n. One who extracts the residuum of precious metals from the sweepings, potsherds, etc., of refineries of gold and silver, or places where these metals are used.

Sweepy

Sweep"y (?), a. Moving with a sweeping motion.
The branches bend before their sweepy away. Dryden.
Page 1458

Sweet

Sweet (?), a. [Compar. Sweeter (?); superl. Sweetest.] [OE. swete, swote, sote, AS. sw\'c7te; akin to OFries. sw\'c7te, OS. sw\'d3ti, D. zoet, G. s\'81ss, OHG. suozi, Icel. s\'91tr, s\'d2tr, Sw. s\'94t, Dan. s\'94d, Goth. suts, L. suavis, for suadvis, Gr. sv\'bedu sweet, svad, sv\'bed, to sweeten. \'fb175. Cf. Assuage, Suave, Suasion.]

1. Having an agreeable taste or flavor such as that of sugar; saccharine; -- opposed to sour and bitter; as, a sweet beverage; sweet fruits; sweet oranges.

2. Pleasing to the smell; fragrant; redolent; balmy; as, a sweet rose; sweet odor; sweet incense.

The breath of these flowers is sweet to me. Longfellow.

3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodious; harmonious; as, the sweet notes of a flute or an organ; sweet music; a sweet voice; a sweet singer.

To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.
A voice sweet, tremulous, but powerful. Hawthorne.

4. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; mild and attractive; fair; as, a sweet face; a sweet color or complexion.

Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains. Milton.

5. Fresh; not salt or brackish; as, sweet water. Bacon.

6. Not changed from a sound or wholesome state. Specifically: (a) Not sour; as, sweet milk or bread. (b) Not state; not putrescent or putrid; not rancid; as, sweet butter; sweet meat or fish.

7. Plaesing to the mind; mild; gentle; calm; amiable; winning; presuasive; as, sweet manners.

Canst thou bind the sweet influence of Pleiades? Job xxxviii. 31.
Mildness and sweet reasonableness is the one established rule of Christian working. M. Arnold.
&hand; Sweet is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sweet-blossomed, sweet-featured, sweet-smelling, sweet-tempered, sweet-toned, etc. Sweet alyssum. (Bot.) See Alyssum. -- Sweet apple. (Bot.) (a) Any apple of sweet flavor. (b) See Sweet-top. -- Sweet bay. (Bot.) (a) The laurel (laurus nobilis). (b) Swamp sassafras. -- Sweet calabash (Bot.), a plant of the genus Passiflora (P. maliformis) growing in the West Indies, and producing a roundish, edible fruit, the size of an apple. -- Sweet cicely. (Bot.) (a) Either of the North American plants of the umbelliferous genus Osmorrhiza having aromatic roots and seeds, and white flowers. Gray. (b) A plant of the genus Myrrhis (M. odorata) growing in England. -- Sweet calamus, ∨ Sweet cane. (Bot.) Same as Sweet flag, below. -- Sweet Cistus (Bot.), an evergreen shrub (Cistus Ladanum) from which the gum ladanum is obtained. -- Sweet clover. (Bot.) See Melilot. -- Sweet coltsfoot (Bot.), a kind of butterbur (Petasites sagittata) found in Western North America. -- Sweet corn (Bot.), a variety of the maize of a sweet taste. See the Note under Corn. -- Sweet fern (Bot.), a small North American shrub (Comptonia, ∨ Myrica, asplenifolia) having sweet-scented or aromatic leaves resembling fern leaves. -- Sweet flag (Bot.), an endogenous plant (Acorus Calamus) having long flaglike leaves and a rootstock of a pungent aromatic taste. It is found in wet places in Europe and America. See Calamus, 2. -- Sweet gale (Bot.), a shrub (Myrica Gale) having bitter fragrant leaves; -- also called sweet willow, and Dutch myrtle. See 5th Gale. Sweet grass (Bot.), holy, or Seneca, grass. -- Sweet gum (Bot.), an American tree (Liquidambar styraciflua). See Liquidambar. -- Sweet herbs, fragrant herbs cultivated for culinary purposes. -- Sweet John (Bot.), a variety of the sweet William. -- Sweet leaf (Bot.), horse sugar. See under Horse. -- Sweet marjoram. (Bot.) See Marjoram. -- Sweet marten (Zo\'94l.), the pine marten. -- Sweet maudlin (Bot.), a composite plant (Achillea Ageratum) allied to milfoil. -- Sweet oil, olive oil. -- Sweet pea. (Bot.) See under Pea. -- Sweet potato. (Bot.) See under Potato. -- Sweet rush (Bot.), sweet flag. -- Sweet spirits of niter (Med. Chem.) See Spirit of nitrous ether, under Spirit. -- Sweet sultan (Bot.), an annual composite plant (Centaurea moschata), also, the yellow-flowered (C. odorata); -- called also sultan flower. -- Sweet tooth, an especial fondness for sweet things or for sweetmeats. [Colloq.] -- Sweet William. (a) (Bot.) A species of pink (Dianthus barbatus) of many varieties. (b) (Zo\'94l.) The willow warbler. (c) (Zo\'94l.) The European goldfinch; -- called also sweet Billy. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sweet willow (Bot.), sweet gale. -- Sweet wine. See Dry wine, under Dry. -- To be sweet on, to have a particular fondness for, or special interest in, as a young man for a young woman. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Syn. -- Sugary; saccharine; dulcet; luscious.

Sweet

Sweet (?), n.

1. That which is sweet to the taste; -- used chiefly in the plural. Specifically: (a) Confectionery, sweetmeats, preserves, etc. (b) Home-made wines, cordials, metheglin, etc.

2. That which is sweet or pleasant in odor; a perfume. "A wilderness of sweets." Milton.

3. That which is pleasing or grateful to the mind; as, the sweets of domestic life.

A little bitter mingled in our cup leaves no relish of the sweet. Locke.

4. One who is dear to another; a darling; -- a term of endearment. "Wherefore frowns my sweet?" B. Jonson.

Sweet

Sweet, adv. Sweetly. Shak.

Sweet

Sweet, v. t. To sweeten. [Obs.] Udall.

Sweetbread

Sweet"bread` (?), n.

1. Either the thymus gland or the pancreas, the former being called neck, ∨ throat, sweetbread, the latter belly sweetbread. The sweetbreads of ruminants, esp. of the calf, are highly esteemed as food. See Pancreas, and Thymus.

2. (Anat.) The pancreas.

Sweet-breasted

Sweet"-breast`ed (?), a. Having a sweet, musical voice, as the nightingale. Cf. Breast, n., 6. [Obs.]

Sweetbrier

Sweet"bri`er (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of rose (Rosa rubiginosa) with minutely glandular and fragrant foliage. The small-flowered sweetbrier is Rosa micrantha.

Sweeten

Sweet"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sweetened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sweetening.] [See Sweet, a.]

1. To make sweet to the taste; as, to sweeten tea.

2. To make pleasing or grateful to the mind or feelings; as, to sweeten life; to sweeten friendship.

3. To make mild or kind; to soften; as, to sweeten the temper.

4. To make less painful or laborious; to relieve; as, to sweeten the cares of life. Dryden.

And sweeten every secret tear. Keble.

5. To soften to the eye; to make delicate.

Correggio has made his memory immortal by the strength he has given to his figures, and by sweetening his lights and shadows, and melting them into each other. Dryden.

6. To make pure and salubrious by destroying noxious matter; as, to sweeten rooms or apartments that have been infected; to sweeten the air.

7. To make warm and fertile; -- opposed to sour; as, to dry and sweeten soils.

8. To restore to purity; to free from taint; as, to sweeten water, butter, or meat. <-- 9. To make more attractive; -- said of offers in negotiations, as, to sweeten the deal by increasing the price offered. -->

Sweeten

Sweet"en, v. i. To become sweet. Bacon.

Sweetener

Sweet"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, sweetens; one who palliates; that which moderates acrimony.

Sweetening

Sweet"en*ing, n.

1. The act of making sweet.

2. That which sweetens.

Sweetheart

Sweet"heart` (?), n. A lover of mistress.

Sweethearting

Sweet"heart`ing, n. Making love. "To play at sweethearting." W. Black.

Sweeting

Sweet"ing, n.

1. A sweet apple. Ascham.

2. A darling; -- a word of endearment. Shak.

Sweetish

Sweet"ish (?), a. Somewhat sweet. -- Sweet"ish*ness, n.

Sweetly

Sweet"ly, adv. [AS. sw\'c7tlice.] In a sweet manner.

Sweetmeat

Sweet"meat` (?), n.

1. Fruit preserved with sugar, as peaches, pears, melons, nuts, orange peel, etc.; -- usually in the plural; a confect; a confection.

2. The paint used in making patent leather.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A boat shell (Crepidula fornicata) of the American coast. [Local, U.S.]

Sweetness

Sweet"ness, n. [AS. sw\'c7tness.] The quality or state of being sweet (in any sense of the adjective); gratefulness to the taste or to the smell; agreeableness.

Sweetroot

Sweet"root` (?), n. (Bot.) Licorice.

Sweet-scented

Sweet"-scent`ed (?), a. Having a sweet scent or smell; fragrant. Sweet-scented shrub (Bot.), a shrub of the genus Calycanthus, the flowers of which, when crushed, have a fragrance resembling that of strawberries.

Sweet-sop

Sweet"-sop` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of custard apple (Anona squamosa). See under Custard.

Sweetwater

Sweet"wa`ter (?), n. (Bot.) A variety of white grape, having a sweet watery juice; -- also called white sweetwater, and white muscadine.

Sweetweed

Sweet"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name for two tropical American weeds (Capraria biflora, and Scoparia dulcis) of the Figwort family.

Sweetwood

Sweet"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The true laurel (Laurus nobilis.) (b) The timber of the tree Oreodaphne Leucoxylon, growing in Jamaica. The name is also applied to the timber of several other related trees.

Sweetwort

Sweet"wort` (?), n. Any plant of a sweet taste.

Sweigh

Sweigh (?), n. Sway; movement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sweinmote

Swein"mote` (?), n. See Swainmote. [Obs.]

Swell

Swell (?), v. i. [imp. Swelled (?); p. p. Swelled or Swollen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Swelling.] [AS. swellan; akin to D. zwellen, OS. & OHG. swellan, G. schwellen, Icel. svella, Sw. sv\'84lla.]

1. To grow larger; to dilate or extend the exterior surface or dimensions, by matter added within, or by expansion of the inclosed substance; as, the legs swell in dropsy; a bruised part swells; a bladder swells by inflation.

2. To increase in size or extent by any addition; to increase in volume or force; as, a river swells, and overflows its banks; sounds swell or diminish.

3. To rise or be driven into waves or billows; to heave; as, in tempest, the ocean swells into waves.

4. To be puffed up or bloated; as, to swell with pride.

You swell at the tartan, as the bull is said to do at scarlet. Sir W. Scott.

5. To be inflated; to belly; as, the sails swell.

6. To be turgid, bombastic, or extravagant; as, swelling words; a swelling style.

7. To protuberate; to bulge out; as, a cask swells in the middle.

8. To be elated; to rise arrogantly.

Your equal mind yet swells not into state. Dryden.

9. To grow upon the view; to become larger; to expand. "Monarchs to behold the swelling scene!" Shak.

10. To become larger in amount; as, many little debts added, swell to a great amount.

11. To act in a pompous, ostentatious, or arrogant manner; to strut; to look big.

Here he comes, swelling like a turkey cock. Shak.

Swell

Swell, v. t.

1. To increase the size, bulk, or dimensions of; to cause to rise, dilate, or increase; as, rains and dissolving snow swell the rivers in spring; immigration swells the population.

[The Church] swells her high, heart-cheering tone. Keble.

2. To aggravate; to heighten.

It is low ebb with his accuser when such peccadilloes are put to swell the charge. Atterbury.

3. To raise to arrogance; to puff up; to inflate; as, to be swelled with pride or haughtiness.

4. (Mus.) To augment gradually in force or loudness, as the sound of a note.

Swell

Swell, n.

1. The act of swelling.

2. Gradual increase. Specifically: (a) Increase or augmentation in bulk; protuberance. (b) Increase in height; elevation; rise.

Little River affords navigation during a swell to within three miles of the Miami. Jefferson.
(c) Increase of force, intensity, or volume of sound.
Music arose with its voluptuous swell. Byron.
(d) Increase of power in style, or of rhetorical force.
The swell and subsidence of his periods. Landor.

3. A gradual ascent, or rounded elevation, of land; as, an extensive plain abounding with little swells.

4. A wave, or billow; especially, a succession of large waves; the roll of the sea after a storm; as, a heavy swell sets into the harbor.

The swell Of the long waves that roll in yonder bay. Tennyson.
The gigantic swells and billows of the snow. Hawthorne.

5. (Mus.) A gradual increase and decrease of the volume of sound; the crescendo and diminuendo combined; -- generally indicated by the sign.

6. A showy, dashing person; a dandy. [Slang]

Ground swell. See under Ground. -- Organ swell (Mus.), a certain number of pipes inclosed in a box, the uncovering of which by means of a pedal produces increased sound. -- Swell shark (Zo\'94l.), a small shark (Scyllium ventricosum) of the west coast of North America, which takes in air when caught, and swells up like a swellfish.

Swell

Swell, a. Having the characteristics of a person of rank and importance; showy; dandified; distinguished; as, a swell person; a swell neighborhood. [Slang] Swell mob. See under Mob. [Slang]

Swelldom

Swell"dom (?), n. People of rank and fashion; the class of swells, collectively. [Jocose]

Swellfish

Swell"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any plectognath fish that dilates itself, as the bur fish, puffer, or diodon.

Swelling

Swell"ing, n.

1. The act of that which swells; as, the swelling of rivers in spring; the swelling of the breast with pride.

Rise to the swelling of the voiceless sea. Coleridge.

2. A protuberance; a prominence; especially (Med.), an unnatural prominence or protuberance; as, a scrofulous swelling.

The superficies of such plates are not even, but have many cavities and swellings. Sir I. Newton.

Swellish

Swell"ish, a. Dandified; stylish. [Slang]

Swelltoad

Swell"toad` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A swellfish.

Swelt

Swelt (?), obs. imp. of Swell.

Swelt

Swelt, v. i. [OE. swelten to die, to swoon or faint, AS. sweltan to die; akin to OD. swelten to hunger, to fail, OS. sweltan to die, Icel. svelta to die, to hunger, Sw. sv\'84lta to hunger, Dan. sulte, Goth. sviltan to die. Cf. Swelter, Sweltry.]

1. To die; to perish. [Obs.]

2. To faint; to swoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Night she swelt for passing joy. Spenser.

Swelt

Swelt, v. t. To overpower, as with heat; to cause to faint; to swelter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Hall.

Swelter

Swel"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sweltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sweltering.] [From Swelt, v. i.]

1. To be overcome and faint with heat; to be ready to perish with heat. "Sweltered cattle." Coleridge.

2. To welter; to soak. [Obs.] Drayton.

Swelter

Swel"ter, v. t.

1. To oppress with heat. Bentley.

2. To exude, like sweat. [R.] Shak.

Sweltry

Swel"try (?), a. [See Swelter, Swelt, v. i., and cf. Sultry.] Suffocating with heat; oppressively hot; sultry. [R.] Evelyn.

Swelve

Swel"ve (?), v. t. To swallow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swept

Swept (?), imp. & p. p. of Sweep.

Swerd

Swerd (?), n. & v. See Sward, n. & v. [Obs.]

Swerd

Swerd, n. Sword. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swerve

Swerve (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swerved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swerving.] [OE. swerven, AS. sweorfan to wipe off, to file, to polish; akin to OFries. swerva to creep, D. zwerven to swerve, to rope, OS. swerban to wipe off, MHG. swerben to be whirled, OHG. swerban to wipe off, Icel. sverfa to file, Goth. swa\'a1rban (in comp.) to wipe, and perhaps to E. swarm. Cf. Swarm.]

1. To stray; to wander; to rope. [Obs.]

A maid thitherward did run, To catch her sparrow which from her did swerve. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To go out of a straight line; to deflect. "The point [of the sword] swerved." Sir P. Sidney.

3. To wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule or duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty, custom, or the like; to deviate.

I swerve not from thy commandments. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
They swerve from the strict letter of the law. Clarendon.
Many who, through the contagion of evil example, swerve exceedingly from the rules of their holy religion. Atterbury.

4. To bend; to incline. "The battle swerved." Milton.

5. To climb or move upward by winding or turning.

The tree was high; Yet nimbly up from bough to bough I swerved. Dryden.

Swerve

Swerve, v. t. To turn aside. Gauden.

Sweven

Swe"ven (?), n. [AS. swefen sleep, dream; akin to swebban, swefian, to put to sleep, to kill. \'fb176. See Somnolent.] A vision seen in sleep; a dream. [Obs.] Wycliff (Acts ii. 17).
I defy both sweven and dream. Chaucer.

Swich

Swich (?), a. [See Such.] Such. [Obs.]
Swich things as that I know I will declare. Chaucer.

Swietenia

Swie*te"ni*a (?), n. [NL. Named after Gerard Van Sweiten, physician to Maria Theresa of Austria.] (Bot.) A genus of meliaceous trees consisting of one species (Sweitenia Mahogoni), the mahogany tree.

Swift

Swift (?), a. [Compar. Swifter (?); superl. Swiftest.] [AS. swift; akin to sw\'bepan to sweep, swipu a whip; cf. sw\'c6fan to move quickly, to revolve. See Swoop, v. i., and cf. Swivel, Squib.]

1. Moving a great distance in a short time; moving with celerity or velocity; fleet; rapid; quick; speedy; prompt.

My beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath. James i. 19.
Swift of dispatch and easy of access. Dryden.
And bring upon themselves swift destruction. 2 Pet. ii. 1.

2. Of short continuance; passing away quickly. Shak. &hand; Swift is often used in the formation of compounds which are generally self-explaining; as, swift-darting, swift-footed, swift-winged, etc. Syn. -- Quick; fleet; speedy; rapid; expeditious.

Swift

Swift, adv. Swiftly. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.
Ply swift and strong the oar. Southey.

Swift

Swift, n.

1. The current of a stream. [R.] Walton.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small, long-winged, insectivorous birds of the family Micropodid\'91. In form and habits the swifts resemble swallows, but they are destitute of complex vocal muscles and are not singing birds, but belong to a widely different group allied to the humming birds. &hand; The common European swift (Cypselus, ∨ Micropus, apus) nests in church steeples and under the tiles of roofs, and is noted for its rapid flight and shrill screams. It is called also black martin, black swift, hawk swallow, devil bird, swingdevil, screech martin, and shreik owl. The common American, or chimney, swift (Ch\'91tura pelagica) has sharp rigid tips to the tail feathers. It attaches its nest to the inner walls of chimneys, and is called also chimney swallow. The Australian swift (Ch\'91tura caudacuta) also has sharp naked tips to the tail quills. The European Alpine swift (Cypselus melba) is whitish beneath, with a white band across the breast. The common Indian swift is Cypselus affinis. See also Palm swift, under Palm, and Tree swift, under Tree.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of lizards, as the pine lizard.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The ghost moth. See under Ghost.

5. [Cf. Swivel.] A reel, or turning instrument, for winding yarn, thread, etc.; -- used chiefly in the plural.

6. The main card cylinder of a flax-carding machine.

Page 1459

Swifter

Swift"er (?), n. [Cf. Swivel.] (Naut.) (a) A rope used to retain the bars of the capstan in their sockets while men are turning it. (b) A rope used to encircle a boat longitudinally, to strengthen and defend her sides. (c) The forward shroud of a lower mast.

Swifter

Swift"er, v. t. (Naut.) To tighten, as slack standing rigging, by bringing the opposite shrouds nearer.

Swiftfoot

Swift"foot` (?), a. Nimble; fleet. Mir. for Mag.

Swiftfoot

Swift"foot`, n. (Zo\'94l.) The courser.

Swiftlet

Swift"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small East Indian and Asiatic swifts of the genus Collocalia. Some of the species are noted for furnishing the edible bird's nest. See Illust. under Edible.

Swiftly

Swift"ly, adv. In a swift manner; with quick motion or velocity; fleetly. Wyclif.

Swiftness

Swift"ness, n. The quality or state of being swift; speed; quickness; celerity; velocity; rapidity; as, the swiftness of a bird; the swiftness of a stream; swiftness of descent in a falling body; swiftness of thought, etc.

Swig

Swig (?), v. t. [Cf. D. zwelgen to swallow, E. swallow, v.t.]

1. To drink in long draughts; to gulp; as, to swig cider. [Colloq.]

2. To suck. [Obs. or Archaic]

The lambkins swig the teat. Creech.

Swig

Swig, n.

1. A long draught. [Colloq.] Marryat.

2. (Naut.) A tackle with ropes which are not parallel.

3. A beverage consisting of warm beer flavored with spices, lemon, etc. [Prov. Eng.]

Swig

Swig, v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. swig to leak out, AS. sw\'c6jian to be silent, sw\'c6can to evade, escape.]

1. To castrate, as a ram, by binding the testicles tightly with a string, so that they mortify and slough off. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Naut.) To pull upon (a tackle) by throwing the weight of the body upon the fall between the block and a cleat.

Swill

Swill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swilling.] [OE. swilen to wash, AS. swilian.]

1. To wash; to drench. [Obs.]

As fearfully as doth a galled rock O'erhang and jutty his confounded base, Swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean. Shak.

2. [Properly, to drink like a pig. See Swill, n.] To drink in great draughts; to swallow greedily.

Well-dressed people, of both sexes, . . . devouring sliced beef, and swilling pork, and punch, and cider. Smollett.

3. To inebriate; to fill with drink.

I should be loth To meet the rudeness and swilled insolence Of such late wassailers. Milton.

Swill

Swill, v. i. To drink greedily or swinishly; to drink to excess. South.

Swill

Swill, n.

1. The wash, or mixture of liquid substances, given to swine; hogwash; -- called also swillings.

2. Large draughts of liquor; drink taken in excessive quantities.

Swiller

Swill"er (?), n. One who swills.

Swillings

Swill"ings (?), n. pl. See Swill, n., 1.

Swim

Swim (?), v. i. [imp. Swam (?) or Swum (; p. p. Swum; p. pr. & vb. n. Swimming.] [AS. swimman; akin to D. zwemmen, OHG. swimman, G. schwimmen, Icel. svimma, Dan. sw\'94mme, Sw. simma. Cf. Sound an air bladder, a strait.]

1. To be supported by water or other fluid; not to sink; to float; as, any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed.

2. To move progressively in water by means of strokes with the hands and feet, or the fins or the tail.

Leap in with me into this angry flood, And swim to yonder point. Shak.

3. To be overflowed or drenched. Ps. vi. 6.

Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows swim. Thomson.

4. Fig.: To be as if borne or floating in a fluid.

[They] now swim in joy. Milton.

5. To be filled with swimming animals. [Obs.]

[Streams] that swim full of small fishes. Chaucer.

Swim

Swim, v. t.

1. To pass or move over or on by swimming; as, to swim a stream.

Sometimes he thought to swim the stormy main. Dryden.

2. To cause or compel to swim; to make to float; as, to swim a horse across a river.

3. To immerse in water that the lighter parts may float; as, to swim wheat in order to select seed.

Swim

Swim, n.

1. The act of swimming; a gliding motion, like that of one swimming. B. Jonson.

2. The sound, or air bladder, of a fish.

3. A part of a stream much frequented by fish. [Eng.]

Swim bladder, an air bladder of a fish. -- To be in the swim, to be in a favored position; to be associated with others in active affairs. [Colloq.]

Swim

Swim, v. i. [OE. swime dizziness, vertigo, AS. sw\'c6ma; akin to D. zwijm, Icel. svimi dizziness, svina to subside, sv\'c6a to abate, G. schwindel dizziness, schwinden to disappear, to dwindle, OHG. sw\'c6nan to dwindle. Cf. Squemish, Swindler.] To be dizzy; to have an unsteady or reeling sensation; as, the head swims.

Swimbel

Swim"bel (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A moaning or sighing sound or noise; a sough. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swimmer

Swim"mer (?), n.

1. One who swims.

2. (Far.) A protuberance on the leg of a horse.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A swimming bird; one of the natatores.

Little swimmer (Zo\'94l.), a phalarope.

Swimmeret

Swim"mer*et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of a series of flat, fringed, and usually bilobed, appendages, of which several pairs occur on the abdominal somites of many crustaceans. They are used as fins in swimming.

Swimming

Swim"ming (?), a.

1. That swims; capable of swimming; adapted to, or used in, swimming; as, a swimming bird; a swimming motion.

2. Suffused with moisture; as, swimming eyes.

Swimming bell (Zo\'94l.), a nectocalyx. See Illust. under Siphonophora. -- Swimming crab (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of marine crabs, as those of the family Protunid\'91, which have some of the joints of one or more pairs of legs flattened so as to serve as fins.

Swimming

Swim"ming, n. The act of one who swims.

Swimming

Swim"ming, a. [From Swim to be dizzy.] Being in a state of vertigo or dizziness; as, a swimming brain.

Swimming

Swim"ming, n. Vertigo; dizziness; as, a swimming in the head. Dryden.

Swimmingly

Swim"ming*ly, adv. In an easy, gliding manner, as if swimming; smoothly; successfully; prosperously.

Swimmingness

Swim"ming*ness, n. Act or state of swimming; suffusion. "A swimmingness in the eye." Congreve.

Swinck

Swinck (?), v. & n. See Swink.

Swindle

Swin"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swindled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swindling (?).] [See Swindler.] To cheat defraud grossly, or with deliberate artifice; as, to swindle a man out of his property.
Lammote . . . has swindled one of them out of three hundred livres. Carlyle.

Swindle

Swin"dle, n. The act or process of swindling; a cheat.

Swindler

Swin"dler (?), n. [G. schwindler, fr. schwindlen to be dizzy, to act thoughtlessly, to cheat, fr. schwindel dizziness, fr. schwinden to vanish, to disappear, to dwindle. See Swim to be dizzy.] One who swindles, or defrauds grossly; one who makes a practice of defrauding others by imposition or deliberate artifice; a cheat. Syn. -- Sharper; rogue. -- Swindler, Sharper. These words agree in describing persons who take unfair advantages. A swindler is one who obtains money or goods under false pretenses. A sharper is one who cheats by sharp practice, as in playing at cards or staking what he can not pay.
Fraud and injustice soon follow, and the dignity of the British merchant is sunk in the scandalous appellation of a swindler. V. Knox.
Perhaps you 'll think I act the same As a sly sharper plays his game. Cotton.

Swindlery

Swin"dler*y (?), n. Swindling; rougery. [R.] "Swindlery and blackguardism." Carlyle.

Swine

Swine (?), n.sing. & pl. [OE. swin, AS. sw\'c6n; akin to OFries. & OS. swin, D. zwijn, G. schwein, OHG. sw\'c6n, Icel. sv\'c6n, Sw. svin, Dan. sviin, Goth. swein; originally a diminutive corresponding to E. sow. See Sow, n.] (Zo\'94l.)Any animal of the hog kind, especially one of the domestical species. Swine secrete a large amount of subcutaneous fat, which, when extracted, is known as lard. The male is specifically called boar, the female, sow, and the young, pig. See Hog. "A great herd of swine." Mark v. 11. Swine grass (Bot.), knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare); -- so called because eaten by swine. -- Swine oat (Bot.), a kind of oat sometimes grown for swine. -- Swine's cress (Bot.), a species of cress of the genus Senebiera (S. Coronopus). -- Swine's head, a dolt; a blockhead. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Swine thistle (Bot.), the sow thistle.

Swinebread

Swine"bread` (?), n. (Bot.) The truffle.

Swinecase

Swine"case` (?), n. A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]

Swinecote

Swine"cote` (?), n. A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]

Swinecrue

Swine"crue` (?), n. [Swine + Prov. E. crue a coop.] A hogsty. [Prov. Eng.]

Swinefish

Swine"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wolf fish.

Swineherd

Swine"herd` (?), n. A keeper of swine.

Swinepipe

Swine"pipe` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

Swine-pox

Swine"-pox` (?), n. (Med.) A variety of the chicken pox, with acuminated vesicles containing a watery fluid; the water pox. Pepys.

Swineery

Swine"er*y (?), n. Same as Piggery. [R.]

Swinestone

Swine"stone` (?), n. (Min.) See Stinkstone.

Swinesty

Swine"sty` (?), n. A sty, or pen, for swine.

Swing

Swing (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swung (?); Archaic imp. Swang (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swinging.] [OE. swingen, AS. swingan to scourge, to fly, to flutter; akin to G. schwingen to winnow, to swingle, oscillate, sich schwingen to leap, to soar, OHG. swingan to throw, to scourge, to soar, Sw. svinga to swing, to whirl, Dan. svinge. Cf. Swagger, Sway, Swinge, Swink.]

1. To move to and fro, as a body suspended in the air; to wave; to vibrate; to oscillate.

I tried if a pendulum would swing faster, or continue swinging longer, in case of exsuction of the air. Boyle.

2. To sway or move from one side or direction to another; as, the door swung open.

3. To use a swing; as, a boy swings for exercise or pleasure. See Swing, n., 3.

4. (Naut.) To turn round by action of wind or tide when at anchor; as, a ship swings with the tide.

5. To be hanged. [Colloq.] D. Webster.

To swing round the circle, to make a complete circuit. [Colloq.]
He had swung round the circle of theories and systems in which his age abounded, without finding relief. A. V. G. Allen.

Swing

Swing, v. t.

1. To cause to swing or vibrate; to cause to move backward and forward, or from one side to the other.

He swings his tail, and swiftly turns his round. Dryden.
They get on ropes, as you must have seen the children, and are swung by their men visitants. Spectator.

2. To give a circular movement to; to whirl; to brandish; as, to swing a sword; to swing a club; hence, colloquially, to manage; as, to swing a business.<-- or, to accomplish -->

3. (Mach.) To admit or turn (anything) for the purpose of shaping it; -- said of a lathe; as, the lathe can swing a pulley of 12 inches diameter.

To swing a door, gate, etc. (Carp.), to put it on hinges so that it can swing or turn.

Swing

Swing (?), n.

1. The act of swinging; a waving, oscillating, or vibratory motion of a hanging or pivoted object; oscillation; as, the swing of a pendulum.

2. Swaying motion from one side or direction to the other; as, some men walk with a swing.

3. A line, cord, or other thing suspended and hanging loose, upon which anything may swing; especially, an apparatus for recreation by swinging, commonly consisting of a rope, the two ends of which are attached overhead, as to the bough of a tree, a seat being placed in the loop at the bottom; also, any contrivance by which a similar motion is produced for amusement or exercise.

4. Influence of power of a body put in swaying motion.

The ram that batters down the wall, For the great swing and rudeness of his poise, They place before his hand that made the engine. Shak.

5. Capacity of a turning lathe, as determined by the diameter of the largest object that can be turned in it.

6. Free course; unrestrained liberty or license; tendency. "Take thy swing." Dryden.

To prevent anything which may prove an obstacle to the full swing of his genius. Burke.
Full swing. See under Full. -- Swing beam (Railway Mach.), a crosspiece sustaining the car body, and so suspended from the framing of a truck that it may have an independent lateral motion. -- Swing bridge, a form of drawbridge which swings horizontally, as on a vertical pivot. -- Swing plow, ∨ Swing plough. (a) A plow without a fore wheel under the beam. (b) A reversible or sidehill plow. -- Swing wheel. (a) The scape-wheel in a clock, which drives the pendulum. (b) The balance of a watch.

Swingdevil

Swing"dev`il (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [So named from its swift flight and dark color, which give it an uncanny appearance.] The European swift. [Prov. Eng.]

Swinge

Swinge (sw&icr;nj), v. & n. See Singe. [Obs.] Spenser.

Swinge

Swinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swinged (sw&icr;njd); p. pr. & vb. n. Swingeing (sw&icr;nj"&icr;ng).] [OE. swengen, AS. swengan to shake, causative of swingan. See Swing.]

1. To beat soundly; to whip; to chastise; to punish.

I had swinged him soundly. Shak.
And swinges his own vices in his son. C. Dryden.

2. To move as a lash; to lash. [Obs.]

Swinges the scaly horror of his folded tail. Milton.

Swinge

Swinge, n.

1. The sweep of anything in motion; a swinging blow; a swing. [Obs.] Waller.

2. Power; sway; influence. [Obs.]

Swingebuckler

Swinge"buc`kler (?), n. A swashbuckler; a bully; a roiserer. [Obs.] Shak.

Swingeing

Swinge"ing, a. Huge; very large. [Colloq.] Arbuthnot. Byron. -- Swinge"ing*ly, adv. Dryden.

Swingel

Swin"gel (?), n. [AS. swingele whip, scourge. See Swing.] The swinging part of a flail which falls on the grain in thrashing; the swiple.

Swinger

Swing"er (?), n. One who swings or whirls.

Swinger

Swin"ger (?), n.

1. One who swinges.

2. Anything very large, forcible; or astonishing. [Obs. or Colloq.] Herrick. <-- 3. [Colloq.] A person who engages frequently in lively and fashionable pursuits, such as attending night clubs or discos. 4. A person who engages freely in sexual intercourse. -->

Swingle

Swin"gle (?), v. i. [Freq. of swing.]

1. To dangle; to wave hanging. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. To swing for pleasure. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Swingle

Swin"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swingled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swingling (?).] [See Swingel.]

1. To clean, as flax, by beating it with a swingle, so as to separate the coarse parts and the woody substance from it; to scutch.

2. To beat off the tops of without pulling up the roots; -- said of weeds. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

Swingle

Swin"gle, n. A wooden instrument like a large knife, about two feet long, with one thin edge, used for beating and cleaning flax; a scutcher; -- called also swingling knife, swingling staff, and swingling wand.

Swinglebar

Swin"gle*bar` (?), n. A swingletree. De Quincey.

Swingletail

Swin"gle*tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The thrasher, or fox shark. See Thrasher.

Swingletree

Swin"gle*tree` (?), n. [So named in allusion to its swinging. See Swingle, v. i., and cf. Swingtree.] A whiffletree, or whippletree. See Singletree.

Swingling

Swin"gling (?), a. & n. from Swingle, v. t. Swingling tow, the coarse part of flax, separated from the finer by swingling and hatcheling.

Swingtree

Swing"tree` (?), n. The bar of a carriage to which the traces are fastened; the whiffletree.

Swinish

Swin"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to swine; befitting swine; like swine; hoggish; gross; beasty; as, a swinish drunkard or sot. "Swinish gluttony." Milton. -- Swin"ish*ly, adv. -- Swin"ish*ness, n.

Swink

Swink (?), v. i. [imp. Swank (?), Swonk (; p. p. Swonken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swinking.] [AS. swincan, akin to swingan. See Swing.] To labor; to toil; to salve. [Obs. or Archaic]
Or swink with his hands and labor. Chaucer.
For which men swink and sweat incessantly. Spenser.
The swinking crowd at every stroke pant "Ho." Sir Samuel Freguson.

Swink

Swink, v. t.

1. To cause to toil or drudge; to tire or exhaust with labor. [Obs.]

And the swinked hedger at his supper sat. Milton.

2. To acquire by labor. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

To devour all that others swink. Chaucer.

Swink

Swink, n. [As. swinc, geswinc.] Labor; toil; drudgery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Swinker

Swink"er (?), n. A laborer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swinney

Swin"ney (?), n. (Far.) See Sweeny.

Swipe

Swipe (?), n. [Cf. Sweep, Swiple.]

1. A swape or sweep. See Sweep.

2. A strong blow given with a sweeping motion, as with a bat or club.

Swipes [in cricket] over the blower's head, and over either of the long fields. R. A. Proctor.

3. pl. Poor, weak beer; small beer. [Slang, Eng.] [Written also swypes.] Craig.

Page 1460

Swipe

Swipe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swiping.]

1. To give a swipe to; to strike forcibly with a sweeping motion, as a ball.

Loose balls may be swiped almost ad libitum. R. A. Proctor.

2. To pluck; to snatch; to steal. [Slang, U.S.]

Swiple

Swi"ple (?), n. [See Swipe.] That part of a flail which strikes the grain in thrashing; a swingel. [Written also swipel, and swipple.]

Swipper

Swip"per (?), a. [From AS. swipian to whip, shake, whirl; akin to sw\'bepan to sweep. See Swoop.] Nimble; quick. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Slang]

Swirl

Swirl (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swirling.] [Akin to Norw. svirla to whirl, freq. of sverra to whirl, Dan. svirre, G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz. \'fb177. See Swarm, n.] To whirl, or cause to whirl, as in an eddy. "The river swirled along." C. Kingsley.

Swirl

Swirl, n. A whirling motion; an eddy, as of water; a whirl. "The silent swirl of bats." Mrs. Browning.

Swish

Swish (?), v. t. [From the sound. Cf. Swash.]

1. To flourish, so as to make the sound swish. Coleridge.

2. To flog; to lash. [Slang] Thackeray.

Swish

Swish, v. i. To dash; to swash.

Swish

Swish, n.

1. A sound of quick movement, as of something whirled through the air. [Colloq.]

2. (Naut.) Light driven spray. [Eng.]

Swiss

Swiss (?), n.sing. & pl. [F. Suisse, of German origin. Cf. Switzer.] A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Switzer; the people of Switzerland.

Swiss

Swiss, a. Of or pertaining to Switzerland, or the people of Switzerland.

Switch

Switch (?), n. [Cf. OD. swick a scourage, a whip. Cf. Swink, Swing.]

1. A small, flexible twig or rod.

Mauritania, on the fifth medal, leads a horse with something like a thread; in her other hand she holds a switch. Addison.

2. (Railways) A movable part of a rail; or of opposite rails, for transferring cars from one track to another.

3. A separate mass or trees of hair, or of some substance (at jute) made to resemble hair, worn on the head by women.

4. (Eccl.) A mechanical device for shifting an electric current to another circuit.

Safety switch (Railways), a form of switch contrived to prevent or lessen the danger of derailment of trains. -- Switch back (Railways), an arrangement of tracks whereby elevations otherwise insurmountable are passed. The track ascends by a series of zigzags, the engine running alternately forward and back, until the summit is reached. -- Switch board (Elec.), a collection of switches in one piece of apparatus, so arranged that a number of circuits may be connected or combined in any desired manner.<-- need "switchboard" for telephony --> -- Switch grass. (Bot.) See under Grass.

Switch

Switch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Switched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Switching.]

1. To strike with a switch or small flexible rod; to whip. Chapman.

2. To swing or whisk; as, to switch a cane.

3. To trim, as, a hedge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. To turn from one railway track to another; to transfer by a switch; -- generally with off, from, etc.; as, to switch off a train; to switch a car from one track to another.

5. (Eccl.) To shift to another circuit.

Switch

Switch, v. i. To walk with a jerk. [Prov. Eng.] <-- switchboard. (Telephone) An apparatus containing switches by means of which a connection may be made from an incoming telephone line to any one of numerous outgoing lines. The switches may be either mechanical or electronic, and the switching action may be automatic, controlled by signals in the incoming call, or manual, controlled by a switchboard operator. -->

Switchel

Switch"el (?), n. [See Sweet.] A beverage of molasses and water, seasoned with vinegar and ginger. [U. S.]

Switching

Switch"ing, a. & n. from Switch, v. Switching engine, a locomotive for switching cars from one track to another, and making up trains; -- called also switch engine. [U.S.]

Switchman

Switch"man (?), n.; pl. Switchmen (. One who tends a switch on a railway.

Switchy

Switch"y (?), a. Whisking. [Colloq.] Coombe.

Swithe

Swithe (?), adv. [AS. sw\'c6 strongly, violently.] Instantly; quickly; speedily; rapidly. [Obs.]
That thou doest, do thou swithe. Wyclif (John xiii. 27).

Switzer

Switz"er (?), n. [Cf. G. schweizer. Cf. Swiss.] A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Swiss.

Swive

Swive (?), v. t. [OE. swiven, fr. AS. sw\'c6fan. See Swivel.] To copulate with (a woman). [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swivel

Swiv"el (?), n. [AS. sw\'c6fan to move quickly, to remove; akin to Icel. sveifla to whirl, shake, sv\'c6fa to ramble, to turn. See Swoop, and cf. Swift a reel, Swift, a.]

1. (Mech.) A piece, as a ring or hook, attached to another piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation about the pin as an axis.

2. (Mil.) A small piece of ordnance, turning on a point or swivel; -- called also swivel gun. Wilhelm.

Swivel bridge, a kind of drawbridge that turns round on a vertical axis; a swing bridge. -- Swivel hook, a hook connected with the iron strap of a pulley block by a swivel joint, for readily taking the turns out of a tackle. -- Swivel joint, a joint, the two pieces composing which turn round, with respect to each other, on a longitudinal pin or axis, as in a chain, to prevent twisting.

Swivel

Swiv"el, v. i. To swing or turn, as on a pin or pivot.

Swivel-eyed

Swiv"el-eyed` (?), a. Squint-eyed. [Prov. Eng.]

Swizzle

Swiz"zle (?), v. t. To drink; to swill. Halliwell.

Swizzle

Swiz"zle, n. Ale and beer mixed; also, drink generally. [Prov. Eng.]

Swob

Swob (?), n. & v. See Swab.

Swobber

Swob"ber (?), n.

1. See Swabber.

2. pl. Four privileged cards, formerly used in betting at the game of whist. [Written also swabber.] Swift.

Swollen

Swoll"en (?), p. p. of Swell.

Swollen

Swoll"en, a. Enlarged by swelling; immoderately increased; as, swollen eyes; swollen streams.

Swoln

Swoln (?). Contraction of Swollen, p. p. Milton.

Swom

Swom (?), obs. imp. of Swim. Shak.

Swoon

Swoon (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swooning.] [OE. swounen, swoghenen, for swo, fr. swo to sigh deeply, to droop, AS. sw\'d3gan to sough, sigh; cf. gesw\'d3gen senseless, swooned, gesw\'d3wung a swooning. Cf. Sough.] To sink into a fainting fit, in which there is an apparent suspension of the vital functions and mental powers; to faint; -- often with away.
The sucklings swoon in the streets of the city. Lam. ii. 11.
The most in years . . . swooned first away for pain. Dryden.
He seemed ready to swoon away in the surprise of joy. Tatler.

Swoon

Swoon, n. A fainting fit; syncope.

Swooning

Swoon"ing, a. & n. from Swoon, v. -- Swoon"ing*ly, adv.

Swoop

Swoop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swooping.] [OE. swopen, usually, to sweep, As. sw\'bepan to sweep, to rush; akin to G. schweifen to rove, to ramble, to curve, OHG. sweifan to whirl, Icel. sveipa to sweep; also to AS. sw\'c6fan to move quickly. Cf. Sweep, Swift, a. & n., Swipe, Swivel.]

1. To fall on at once and seize; to catch while on the wing; as, a hawk swoops a chicken.

2. To seize; to catch up; to take with a sweep.

And now at last you came to swoop it all. Dryden.
The grazing ox which swoops it [the medicinal herb] in with the common grass. Glanvill.

Swoop

Swoop, v. i.

1. To descend with closed wings from a height upon prey, as a hawk; to swoop.

2. To pass with pomp; to sweep. [Obs.] Drayton.

Swoop

Swoop, n. A falling on and seizing, as the prey of a rapacious bird; the act of swooping.
The eagle fell, . . . and carried away a whole litter of cubs at a swoop. L'Estrange.

Swoopstake

Swoop"stake` (?), n. See Sweepstake. [Obs.]

Swoopstake

Swoop"stake`, adv. Altogether; indiscriminately. [R.] Shak.

Swop

Swop (?), v. & n. Same as Swap. Dryden.

Sword

Sword (?), n. [OE. swerd, AS. sweord; akin to OFries. swerd, swird, D. zwaard, OS. swerd, OHG. swert, G. schwert, Icel. sver, Sw. sv\'84rd, Dan. sv\'91rd; of uncertain origin.]

1. An offensive weapon, having a long and usually sharp

2. Hence, the emblem of judicial vengeance or punishment, or of authority and power.

He [the ruler] beareth not the sword in vain. Rom. xiii. 4.
She quits the balance, and resigns the sword. Dryden.

3. Destruction by the sword, or in battle; war; dissension.

I came not to send peace, but a sword. Matt. x. 34.

4. The military power of a country.

He hath no more authority over the sword than over the law. Milton.

5. (Weaving) One of the end bars by which the lay of a hand loom is suspended.

Sword arm, the right arm. -- Sword bayonet, a bayonet shaped somewhat like a sword, and which can be used as a sword. -- Sword bearer, one who carries his master's sword; an officer in London who carries a sword before the lord mayor when he goes abroad. -- Sword belt, a belt by which a sword is suspended, and borne at the side. -- Sword blade, the blade, or cutting part, of a sword. -- Sword cane, a cane which conceals the blade of a sword or dagger, as in a sheath. -- Sword dance. (a) A dance in which swords are brandished and clashed together by the male dancers. Sir W. Scott. (b) A dance performed over swords laid on the ground, but without touching them. -- Sword fight, fencing; a combat or trial of skill with swords; swordplay. -- Sword grass. (Bot.) See Gladen. -- Sword knot, a ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword. -- Sword law, government by the sword, or by force; violence. Milton. -- Sword lily. (Bot.) See Gladiolus. -- Sword mat (Naut.), a mat closely woven of yarns; -- so called from a wooden implement used in its manufacture. -- Sword shrimp (Zo\'94l.), a European shrimp (Pasiph\'91a sivado) having a very thin, compressed body. -- Sword stick, a sword cane. -- To measure swords with one. See under Measure, v. t. -- To put to the sword. See under Put.

Swordbill

Sword"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A humming bird (Docimastes ensiferus) having a very long, slender bill, exceeding the length of the body of the bird.

Sworded

Sword"ed, a. [Cf. AS. geswurdod.] Girded with a sword. Milton.

Sworder

Sword"er (?), n. One who uses, or fights with, a sword; a swordsman; a soldier; a cutthroat. [Obs.] Shak.

Swordfish

Sword"fish` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very large oceanic fish (Xiphias gladius), the only representative of the family Xiphiid\'91. It is highly valued as a food fish. The bones of the upper jaw are consolidated, and form a long, rigid, swordlike beak; the dorsal fin is high and without distinct spines; the ventral fins are absent. The adult is destitute of teeth. It becomes sixteen feet or more long. (b) The ger pike. (c) The cutlass fish.

2. (Astron.) A southern constellation. See Dorado, 1.

Swordfish sucker (Zo\'94l.), a remora (Remora brachyptera) which attaches itself to the swordfish.

Swordick

Sword"ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted gunnel (Mur\'91noides gunnellus). [Prov. Eng.]

Swording

Sword"ing (?), n. Slashing with a sword. Tennyson.

Swordless

Sword"less (?), a. Destitute of a sword.

Swordman

Sword"man (?), n.; pl. Swordmen (. A swordsman. "Sinewy swordmen." Shak.

Swordplay

Sword"play` (?), n. Fencing; a sword fight.

Swordplayer

Sword"play`er (?), n. A fencer; a gladiator; one who exhibits his skill in the use of the sword.

Sword-shaped

Sword"-shaped` (?), a. (Bot.) Shaped like a sword; ensiform, as the long, flat leaves of the Iris, cattail, and the like.

Swordsman

Swords"man (?), n.; pl. Swordsmen (.

1. A soldier; a fighting man.

2. One skilled of a use of the sword; a professor of the science of fencing; a fencer.

Swordsmanship

Swords"man*ship, n. The state of being a swordsman; skill in the use of the sword. Cowper.

Swordtail

Sword"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The limulus. (b) Any hemipterous insect of the genus Uroxiphus, found upon forest trees.

Swore

Swore (?), imp. of Swear.

Sworn

Sworn (?), p. p. of Swear. Sworn brothers, originally, companions in arms who took an oath to share together good and bad fortune; hence, faithful friends. -- Sworn enemies, determined or irreconcilable enemies. -- Sworn friends, close friends.

Swough

Swough (?), n. [See Swoon.]

1. A sound; a groan; a moan; a sough. [Obs.]

He sigheth with full many a sorry swough. Chaucer.

2. A swoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swound

Swound (?), v. & n. See Swoon, v. & n. [Prov. Eng. or Archaic] Shak. Dryden.
The landlord stirred As one awaking from a swound. Longfellow.

'Swounds

'Swounds (?), interj. [Cf. Zounds.] An exclamation contracted from God's wounds; -- used as an oath. [Obs. or Archaic] Shak.

Swown

Swown (?), v. & n. Swoon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Swum

Swum (?), imp. & p. p. of Swim.

Swung

Swung (?), imp. & p. p. of Swing.

Swythe

Swythe (?), adv. Quickly. See Swithe. [Obs.]

Sy

Sy (?), obs. imp. of See. Saw. Chaucer.

Syb

Syb (?), a. See Sib. [Obs. or Scot.]

Sybarite

Syb"a*rite (?), n. [L. Sybarita, Gr. Sybarite.] A person devoted to luxury and pleasure; a voluptuary.

Sybaritic, Sybaritical

Syb`a*rit"ic (?), Syb`a*rit"ic*al (?), a. [L. Sybariticus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the Sybarites; resembling the Sybarites; luxurious; wanton; effeminate. "Sybaritic dinners." Bp. Warburton. "Sybaritical cloistres." Bp. Hall.

Sybaritism

Syb"a*rit*ism (?), n. Luxuriousness; effeminacy; wantonness; voluptuousness.

Sycamine

Syc"a*mine (?), n. [L. sycaminus, Gr. See Sycamore.

Sycamore

Syc"a*more (?), n. [L. sycomorus, Gr. sycomore. Cf. Mulberry.] (Bot.) (a) A large tree (Ficus Sycomorus) allied to the common fig. It is found in Egypt and Syria, and is the sycamore, or sycamine, of Scripture. (b) The American plane tree, or buttonwood. (c) A large European species of maple (Acer Pseudo-Platanus). [Written sometimes sycomore.]

Syce

Syce (?), n. [Ar. s\'be\'8bs.] A groom. [India]

Sycee

Sy*cee" (?), n. [Said to be from a Chinese word, se-tze or se-sze, meaning, fine silk, and to be so called because if pure it may be drawn out into fine threads.] Silver, pounded into ingots of the shape of a shoe, and used as currency. The most common weight is about one pound troy. [China] McElrath.

Sychnocarpous

Sych`no*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the capacity of bearing several successive crops of fruit without perishing; as, sychnocarpous plants.

Sycite

Sy"cite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A nodule of flint, or a pebble, which resembles a fig. [Obs.]

Sycoceric

Syc`o*cer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of sycoceryl alcohol.

Sycoceryl

Syc`o*ce"ryl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A radical, of the aromatic series, regarded as an essential ingredient of certain compounds found in the waxy resin of an Australian species of fig.
Page 1461

Sycock

Sy"cock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Sycones

Sy*co"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of calcareous sponges. &hand; They usually resemble a fig, being vase-shaped with a fringed opening at the summit. The feeding cells are in ampull\'91 connected with radial tubes in the thickened walls of the body.

Syconium, Syconus

Sy*co"ni*um (?), Sy*co"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A collective fleshy fruit, in which the ovaries are hidden within a hollow receptacle, as in the fig.

Sycophancy

Syc"o*phan*cy (?), n. [Cf. L. sycophantia deceit, Gr. The character or characteristic of a sycophant. Hence: - (a) False accusation; calumniation; talebearing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. (b) Obsequious flattery; servility.
The sycophancy of A.Philips had prejudiced Mr. Addison against Pope. Bp. Warburton.

Sycophant

Syc"o*phant (?), n. [L. sycophanta a slanderer, deceiver, parasite, Gr. sycophante. The reason for the name is not certainly known. See Phenomenon.]

1. An informer; a talebearer. [Obs.] "Accusing sycophants, of all men, did best sort to his nature." Sir P. Sidney.

2. A base parasite; a mean or servile flatterer; especially, a flatterer of princes and great men.

A sycophant will everything admire: Each verse, each sentence, sets his soul on fire. Dryden.

Sycophant

Syc"o*phant (?), v. t. [CF. L. sycophantari to deceive, to trick, Gr.

1. To inform against; hence, to calumniate. [Obs.]

Sycophanting and misnaming the work of his adversary. Milton.

2. To play the sycophant toward; to flatter obsequiously.

Sycophant

Syc"o*phant, v. i. To play the sycophant.

Sycophantcy

Syc"o*phant*cy (?), n. Sycophancy. [Obs.]

Sycophantic, Sycophantical

Syc`o*phan"tic (?), Syc`o*phan"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to a sycophant; characteristic of a sycophant; meanly or obsequiously flattering; courting favor by mean adulation; parasitic.
To be cheated and ruined by a sycophantical parasite. South.
Sycophantic servants to the King of Spain. De Quincey.

Sycophantish

Syc"o*phant`ish (?), a. Like a sycophant; obsequiously flattering. -- Syc"o*phant`ish*ly, adv.
Sycophantish satirists that forever humor the prevailing folly. De Quincey.

Sycophantism

Syc"o*phant*ism (?), n. Sycophancy.

Sycophantize

Syc"o*phant*ize (?), v. i. To play the sycophant.

Sycophantry

Syc"o*phant*ry (?), n. Sycophancy. [Obs.]

Sycosis

Sy*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A pustular eruption upon the scalp, or the beared part of the face, whether due to ringworm, acne, or impetigo.

Syderolite

Syd"er*o*lite (?), n. A kind of Bohemian earthenware resembling the Wedgwood ware.

Sye

Sye (?), obs. imp. of See. Saw. Chaucer.

Syenite

Sy"e*nite (?), n. [L. Syenites (sc. lapis), from Syene, Gr. (Min.) (a) Orig., a rock composed of quartz, hornblende, and feldspar, anciently quarried at Syene, in Upper Egypt, and now called granite. (b) A granular, crystalline, ingeous rock composed of orthoclase and hornblende, the latter often replaced or accompanied by pyroxene or mica. Syenite sometimes contains nephelite (el\'91olite) or leucite, and is then called nephelite (el\'91olite) syenite or leucite syenite.

Syenitic

Sy`e*nit"ic (?), a. [Written also sienitic.]

1. Relating to Syene; as, Syenitic inscriptions.

2. Relating to, or like, syenite; as, syenitic granite.

Syke

Syke (?), n. & v. See Sike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syker

Syk"er (?), a. & adv. See Sicker. [Obs.]

Syle

Syle (?), n. [See Sile a young herring.] (Zo\'94l.) A young herring (Clupea harengus). [Also written sile.]
But our folk call them syle, and nought but syle, And when they're grown, why then we call them herring. J. Ingelow.

Syllabarium

Syl`la*ba"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Syllabaria (#). [NL.] A syllabary.

Syllabary

Syl"la*ba*ry (?), n. A table of syllables; more especially, a table of the indivisible syllabic symbols used in certain languages, as the Japanese and Cherokee, instead of letters. S. W. Williams.

Syllabe

Syl"labe (?), n. [F.] Syllable. [R.] B. Jonson.

Syllabic, Syllabical

Syl*lab"ic (?), Syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. syllabique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a syllable or syllables; as, syllabic accent.

2. Consisting of a syllable or syllables; as, a syllabic augment. "The syllabic stage of writing." Earle.

Syllabically

Syl*lab"ic*al*ly, adv. In a syllabic manner.

Syllabicate

Syl*lab"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syllabicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syllabicating.] To form or divide into syllables; to syllabify.

Syllabication

Syl*lab`i*ca"tion (?), n. The act of forming syllables; the act or method of dividing words into syllables. See Guide to Pron., §275.

Syllabification

Syl*lab`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Syllabify.] Same as Syllabication. Rush.
Syllabification depends not on mere force, but on discontinuity of force. H. Sweet.

Syllabify

Syl*lab"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syllabified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syllabifying (?).] [L. syllaba syllable + -fy.] To form or divide into syllables.

Syllabism

Syl"la*bism (?), n. The expressing of the sounds of a language by syllables, rather than by an alphabet or by signs for words. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

Syllabist

Syl"la*bist (?), n. One who forms or divides words into syllables, or is skilled in doing this.

Syllabize

Syl"la*bize (?), v. t. To syllabify. Howell.

Syllable

Syl"la*ble (?), n. [OE. sillable, OF. sillabe, F. syllabe, L. syllaba, Gr. labh, rabh. Cf. Lemma, Dilemma.]

1. An elementary sound, or a combination of elementary sounds, uttered together, or with a single effort or impulse of the voice, and constituting a word or a part of a word. In other terms, it is a vowel or a diphtong, either by itself or flanked by one or more consonants, the whole produced by a single impulse or utterance. One of the liquids, l, m, n, may fill the place of a vowel in a syllable. Adjoining syllables in a word or phrase need not to be marked off by a pause, but only by such an abatement and renewal, or re\'89nforcement, of the stress as to give the feeling of separate impulses. See Guide to Pronunciation, §275.

2. In writing and printing, a part of a word, separated from the rest, and capable of being pronounced by a single impulse of the voice. It may or may not correspond to a syllable in the spoken language.

Withouten vice [i. e. mistake] of syllable or letter. Chaucer.

3. A small part of a sentence or discourse; anything concise or short; a particle.

Before any syllable of the law of God was written. Hooker.
Who dare speak One syllable against him? Shak.

Syllable

Syl"la*ble, v. t. To pronounce the syllables of; to utter; to articulate. Milton.

Syllabub

Syl"la*bub (?), n. Same as Syllabub.

Syllabus

Syl"la*bus (?), n.; pl. E. Syllabuses (#), L. Syllabi (#). [L., fr. the same source as E. syllable.] A compendium containing the heads of a discourse, and the like; an abstract.

Syllepsis

Syl*lep"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. sy`llhpsis a taking together, from syllable, n.]

1. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which a word is used in a literal and metaphorical sense at the same time.

2. (Gram.) The agreement of a verb or adjective with one, rather than another, of two nouns, with either of which it might agree in gender, number, etc.; as, rex et regina beati.

Sylleptic, Sylleptical

Syl*lep"tic (?), Syl*lep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a syllepsis; containing syllepsis. -- Syl*lep"tic*al*ly, adv.

Syllidian

Syl*lid"i*an (?), n. [From NL. Syllis, the typical genus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine annelids of the family Syllid\'91. &hand; Many of the species are phosphorescent; others are remarkable for undergoing strobilation or fission and for their polymorphism. The egg, in such species, develops into an asexual individual. When mature, a number of its posterior segments gradually develop into one or more sexual individuals which finally break away and swim free in the sea. The males, females, and neuters usually differ greatly in form and structure.

Syllogism

Syl"lo*gism (?), n. [OE. silogisme, OF. silogime, sillogisme, F. syllogisme, L. syllogismus, Gr. syllogismo`s a reckoning all together, a reasoning, syllogism, fr. syllogi`zesqai to reckon all together, to bring at once before the mind, to infer, conclude; sy`n with, together + logi`zesqai to reckon, to conclude by reasoning. See Syn-, and Logistic, Logic.] (Logic) The regular logical form of every argument, consisting of three propositions, of which the first two are called the premises, and the last, the conclusion. The conclusion necessarily follows from the premises; so that, if these are true, the conclusion must be true, and the argument amounts to demonstration; as in the following example: Every virtue is laudable; Kindness is a virtue; Therefore kindness is laudable. These propositions are denominated respectively the major premise, the minor premise, and the conclusion. &hand; If the premises are not true and the syllogism is regular, the reasoning is valid, and the conclusion, whether true or false, is correctly derived.

Syllogistic, Syllogistical

Syl`lo*gis"tic (?), Syl`lo*gis"tic*al (?), a. [L. syllogisticus, Gr. syllogistique.] Of or pertaining to a syllogism; consisting of a syllogism, or of the form of reasoning by syllogisms; as, syllogistic arguments or reasoning.

Syllogistically

Syl`lo*gis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a syllogistic manner.

Syllogization

Syl`lo*gi*za"tion (?), n. A reasoning by syllogisms. [Obs. or R.] Harris.

Syllogize

Syl"lo*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Syllogized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syllogizing (?).] [Gr. syllogiser.] To reason by means of syllogisms.
Men have endeavored . . . to teach boys to syllogize, or frame arguments and refute them, without any real inward knowledge of the question. I. Watts.

Syllogizer

Syl"lo*gi`zer (?), n. One who syllogizes.

Sylph

Sylph (?), n. [F. sylphe, m., fr. Gr.

1. An imaginary being inhabiting the air; a fairy.

2. Fig.: A slender, graceful woman.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of very brilliant South American humming birds, having a very long and deeply-forked tail; as, the blue-tailed sylph (Cynanthus cyanurus).

Sylphid

Sylph"id (?), n. [F. sylphide, fem. See Sylph.] A little sylph; a young or diminutive sylph. "The place of the sylphid queen." J. R. Drake.
Ye sylphs and sylphids, to your chief give ear, Fays, fairies, genii, elves, and demons, hear. Pope.

Sylphine

Sylph"ine (?), a. Like a sylph.

Sylphish

Sylph"ish (?), a. Sylphlike. Carlyle.

Sylphlike

Sylph"like` (?), a. Like a sylph; airy; graceful.
Sometimes a dance . . . Displayed some sylphlike figures in its maze. Byron.

Sylva

Syl"va (?), n.; pl. Sylv\'91 (#). [L. sylva, better silva, a wood. See Silva.] (Bot.) Same as Silva.

Sylvan

Syl"van (?), a. [See Silvan, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to a sylva; forestlike; hence, rural; rustic.

The traditional memory of a rural and a sylvan region . . . is usually exact as well as tenacious. De Quincey.

2. Abounding in forests or in trees; woody.

Sylvan

Syl"van, n. [L. Sylvanus, better Silvanus. See Silvan, a.] A fabled deity of the wood; a satyr; a faun; sometimes, a rustic.
Her private orchards, walled on every side, To lawless sylvans all access denied. Pope.

Sylvan

Syl"van, n. [Sylva + furfuran.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon obtained together with furfuran (tetrol) by the distillation of pine wood; -- called also methyl tetrol, or methyl furfuran.

Sylvanite

Syl"van*ite (?), n. [So called from Transylvania, where it was first found.] (Min.) A mineral, a telluride of gold and silver, of a steel-gray, silver-white, or brass-yellow color. It often occurs in implanted crystals resembling written characters, and hence is called graphic tellurium. [Written also silvanite.]

Sylvanium

Syl*va"ni*um (?), n. [NL., so called from Transylvania, where it was first found.] (Chem.) An old name for tellurium. [Written also silvanium.]

Sylvate

Syl"vate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sylvic acid.

Sylvatic

Syl*vat"ic (?), a. [L. sylvaticus, better silvaticus. See Silvan, a.] Sylvan. [R.]

Sylvestrian

Syl*ves"tri*an (?), a. [L. sylvestris, better silvestris.] Sylvan. [R.]

Sylvic

Syl"vic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pine or its products; specifically, designating an acid called also abeitic acid, which is the chief ingredient of common resin (obtained from Pinus sylvestris, and other species).

Sylvicoline

Syl*vic"o*line (?), a. [L. sylva, silva, forest + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family of warblers (Sylvicolid\'91). See Warbler.

Sylviculture

Syl"vi*cul`ture (?), n. [L. sylva, silva, forest + E. culture.] The cultivation of forest trees for timber or other purposes; forestry; arboriculture.

Sylviculturist

Syl`vi*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One who cultivates forest trees, especially as a business.

Sylvine, Sylvite

Syl"vine (?), Syl"vite (?), n. [So called from NL. sal digestivus sylvii potassium chloride.] (Min.) Native potassium chloride.

Sym-

Sym- (?). See Syn-.

Symar, Symarr

Sy*mar" (?), Sy"marr, n. See Simar.

Symbal

Sym"bal (?), n. See Cimbal. [Obs.]

Symbol

Sym"bol (?), n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. symbole. Cf. Emblem, Parable.]

1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience.

A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e.g., an actual part chosen to represent the whole, or a lower form or species used as the representative of a higher in the same kind. Coleridge.

2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an operation, a relation, or an abbreviation. &hand; In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical expression which defines its position relatively to the assumed axes.

3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a creed, or a summary of the articles of religion.

4. [Gr. That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.]

They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague. Jer. Taylor.

5. Share; allotment. [Obs.]

The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to receive their symbol. Jer. Taylor.

6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, C for carbon, Na for sodium (Natrium), Fe for iron (Ferrum), Sn for tin (Stannum), Sb for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and symbols under Element. &hand; In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene. Syn. -- Emblem; figure; type. See Emblem.

Symbol

Sym"bol, v. t. To symbolize. [R.] Tennyson.

Symbolic

Sym*bol"ic (?), n. [Cf. F. symbolique. See Symbolic, a.] (Theol.) See Symbolics.

Symbolic, Symbolical

Sym*bol"ic (?), Sym*bol"ic*al (?), a. [L. symbolicus, Gr. symbolique.] Of or pertaining to a symbol or symbols; of the nature of a symbol; exhibiting or expressing by resemblance or signs; representative; as, the figure of an eye is symbolic of sight and knowledge. -- Sym*bol"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sym*bol"ic*al*ness, n.
The sacrament is a representation of Christ's death by such symbolical actions as he himself appointed. Jer. Taylor.
Symbolical delivery (Law), the delivery of property sold by delivering something else as a symbol, token, or representative of it. Bouvier. Chitty. -- Symbolical philosophy, the philosophy expressed by hieroglyphics.
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Symbolics

Sym*bol"ics (?), n. The study of ancient symbols; esp. (Theol.), that branch of historic theology which treats of creeds and confessions of faith; symbolism; -- called also symbolic.

Symbolism

Sym"bol*ism (?), n.

1. The act of symbolizing, or the state of being symbolized; as, symbolism in Christian art is the representation of truth, virtues, vices, etc., by emblematic colors, signs, and forms.

2. A system of symbols or representations.

3. (Chem.) (a) The practice of using symbols, or the system of notation developed thereby. (b) A combining together of parts or ingredients. [Obs.]

4. (Theol.) The science of creeds; symbolics.

Symbolist

Sym"bol*ist, n. One who employs symbols.

Symbolistic, Symbolistical

Sym`bol*is"tic (?), Sym`bol*is"tic*al (?), a. Characterized by the use of symbols; as, symbolistic poetry.

Symbolization

Sym`bol*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. symbolisation.] The act of symbolizing; symbolical representation. Sir T. Browne.

Symbolize

Sym"bol*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Symbolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Symbolizing (?).] [Cf. F. symboliser.]

1. To have a resemblance of qualities or properties; to correspond; to harmonize.

The pleasing of color symbolizeth with the pleasing of any single tone to the ear; but the pleasing of order doth symbolize with harmony. Bacon.
They both symbolize in this, that they love to look upon themselves through multiplying glasses. Howell.

2. To hold the same faith; to agree. [R.]

The believers in pretended miracles have always previously symbolized with the performers of them. G. S. Faber.

3. To use symbols; to represent ideas symbolically.

Symbolize

Sym"bol*ize, v. t.

1. To make to agree in properties or qualities.

2. To make representative of something; to regard or treat as symbolic. "Some symbolize the same from the mystery of its colors." Sir T. Browne.

3. To represent by a symbol or symbols.

Symbolizer

Sym"bol*i`zer (?), n. One who symbolizes.

Symbological

Sym`bo*log"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to a symbology; versed in, or characterized by, symbology.

Symbologist

Sym*bol"o*gist (?), n. One who practices, or who is versed in, symbology.

Symbology

Sym*bol"o*gy (?), n. [Symbol + -logy.] The art of expressing by symbols.

Symbranchii

Sym*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of slender eel-like fishes having the gill openings confluent beneath the neck. The pectoral arch is generally attached to the skull, and the entire margin of the upper jaw is formed by the premaxillary. Called also Symbranchia.

Symmetral

Sym"me*tral (?), a. Commensurable; symmetrical. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Symmetrian

Sym*me"tri*an (?), n. One eminently studious of symmetry of parts. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

Symmetric

Sym*met"ric (?), a. Symmetrical.

Symmetrical

Sym*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. sym\'82trique. See Symmetry.]

1. Involving or exhibiting symmetry; proportional in parts; having its parts in due proportion as to dimensions; as, a symmetrical body or building.

2. (Biol.) Having the organs or parts of one side correspponding with those of the other; having the parts in two or more series of organs the same in number; exhibiting a symmetry.See Symmetry, 2.

3. (Bot.) (a) Having an equal number of parts in the successive circles of floral organs; -- said of flowers. (b) Having a likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the same kind; regular.

4. (Math.) Having a common measure; commensurable. (b) Having corresponding parts or relations. &hand; A curve or a plane figure is symmetrical with respect to a given line, and a line, surface, or solid with respect to a plane, when for each point on one side of the line or plane there is a corresponding point on the other side, so situated that the line joining the two corresponding points is perpendicular to the line or plane and is bisectad by it. Two solids are symmetrical when they are so situate dwith the respect to an intervening plane that the several points of their surfaces thus correspond to each other in position and distance. In analysis, an expression is symmetrical with respect to several letters when any two of them may change places without affecting the expression; as, the expression a2b + ab2 + a2c + ac2 + b2c + bc2, is symmetrical with respect to the letters a, b, c. -- Sym*met"ric*al*ly, adv. -- Sym*met"ric*al*ness, n.

Symmetrician

Sym`me*tri"cian (?), n. Same as Symmetrian. [R.] Holinshed.

Symmetrist

Sym"me*trist (?), n. One eminently studious of symmetry of parts. Sir H. Wotton.

Symmetrize

Sym"me*trize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Symmetrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Symmetrizing (?).] [Cf. F. sym\'82triser.] To make proportional in its parts; to reduce to symmetry. Burke.

Symmetry

Sym"me*try (?), n. [L. symmetria, Gr. sym\'82trie. See Syn-, and Meter rhythm.]

1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity of the members of a work to the whole.

2. (Biol.) The law of likeness; similarity of structure; regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar distribution of parts, such that an animal may be divided into parts which are structurally symmetrical. &hand; Bilateral symmetry, or two-sidedness, in vertebrates, etc., is that in which the body can be divided into symmetrical halves by a vertical plane passing through the middle; radial symmetry, as in echinoderms, is that in which the individual parts are arranged symmetrically around a central axis; serial symmetry, or zonal symmetry, as in earthworms, is that in which the segments or metameres of the body are disposed in a zonal manner one after the other in a longitudinal axis. This last is sometimes called metamerism.

3. (Bot.) (a) Equality in the number of parts of the successive circles in a flower. (b) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the same kind; regularity.

Axis of symmetry. (Geom.) See under Axis. -- Respective symmetry, that disposition of parts in which only the opposite sides are equal to each other.

Sympathetic

Sym`pa*thet"ic (?), a. [See Sympathy, and cf. Pathetic.]

1. Inclined to sympathy; sympathizing.

Far wiser he, whose sympathetic mind Exults in all the good of all mankind. Goldsmith.

2. Produced by, or expressive of, sympathy.

Ope the sacred source of sympathetic tears. Gray.

3. (Physiol.) (a) Produced by sympathy; -- applied particularly to symptoms or affections. See Sympathy. (b) Of or relating to the sympathetic nervous system or some of its branches; produced by stimulation on the sympathetic nervious system or some part of it; as, the sympathetic saliva, a modified form of saliva, produced from some of the salivary glands by stimulation of a sympathetic nerve fiber.

Sympathetic ink. (Chem.) See under Ink. -- Sympathetic nerve (Anat.), any nerve of the sympathetic system; especially, the axial chain of ganglions and nerves belonging to the sympathetic system. -- Sympathetic powder (Alchemy), a kind of powder long supposed to be able to cure a wound if applied to the weapon that inflicted it, or even to a portion of the bloody clothes. Dunglison. -- Sympathetic sounds (Physics), sounds produced from solid bodies by means of vibrations which have been communicated to them from some other sounding body, by means of the air or an intervening solid. -- Sympathetic system (Anat.), a system of nerves and nerve ganglions connected with the alimentary canal, the vascular system, and the glandular organs of most vertebrates, and controlling more or less their actions. The axial part of the system and its principal ganglions and nerves are situated in the body cavity and form a chain of ganglions on each side of the vertebral column connected with numerous other ganglions and nerve plexuses.

Sympathetical

Sym`pa*thet"ic*al (?), a. Sympathetic.

Sympathetically

Sym`pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a sympathetic manner.

Sympathist

Sym"pa*thist (?), n. One who sympathizes; a sympathizer. [R.] Coleridge.

Sympathize

Sym"pa*thize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sympathized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sympathizing (?).] [F. sympathiser. See Sympathy.]

1. To have a common feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain.

The mind will sympathize so much with the anguish and debility of the body, that it will be too distracted to fix itself in meditation. Buckminster.

2. To feel in consequence of what another feels; to be affected by feelings similar to those of another, in consequence of knowing the person to be thus affected.

Their countrymen . . . sympathized with their heroes in all their adventures. Addison.

3. To agree; to be in accord; to harmonize. Dryden.

Sympathize

Sym"pa*thize, v. t.

1. To experience together. [Obs.] "This sympathized . . . error." Shak.

2. To ansew to; to correspond to. [Obs.] Shak.

Sympathizer

Sym"pa*thi`zer (?), n. One who sympathizes.

Sympathy

Sym"pa*thy (?), n.; pl. Sympathies (#). [F. sympathie, L. sympathia, Gr. Syn-, and Pathos.]

1. Feeling corresponding to that which another feels; the quality of being affected by the affection of another, with feelings correspondent in kind, if not in degree; fellow-feeling.

They saw, but other sight instead -- a crowd Of ugly serpents! Horror on them fell, And horrid sympathy. Milton.

2. An agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of natural temperament, which causes persons to be pleased, or in accord, with one another; as, there is perfect sympathy between them.

3. Kindness of feeling toward one who suffers; pity; commiseration; compassion.

I value myself upon sympathy, I hate and despise myself for envy. Kames.

4. (Physiol.) (a) The reciprocal influence exercised by the various organs or parts of the body on one another, as manifested in the transmission of a disease by unknown means from one organ to another quite remote, or in the influence exerted by a diseased condition of one part on another part or organ, as in the vomiting produced by a tumor of the brain. (b) That relation which exists between different persons by which one of them produces in the others a state or condition like that of himself. This is shown in the tendency to yawn which a person often feels on seeing another yawn, or the strong inclination to become hysteric experienced by many women on seeing another person suffering with hysteria.

5. A tendency of inanimate things to unite, or to act on each other; as, the sympathy between the loadstone and iron. [R.]

6. Similarity of function, use office, or the like.

The adverb has most sympathy with the verb. Earle.
Syn. -- Pity; fellow-feeling; compassion; commiseration; tenderness; condolence; agreement. -- Sympathy, Commiseration. Sympathy is literally a fellow-feeling with others in their varied conditions of joy or of grief. This term, however, is now more commonly applied to a fellow-feeling with others under affliction, and then coincides very nearly with commiseration. In this case it is commonly followed by for; as, to feel sympathy for a friend when we see him distressed. The verb sympathize is followed by with; as, to sympathize with a friend in his distresses or enjoyments. "Every man would be a distinct species to himself, were there no sympathy among individuals." South. See Pity.
Fault, Acknowledged and deplored, in Adam wrought Commiseration. Milton.

Sympetalous

Sym*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. sym- + petal.] (Bot.) Having the petals united; gamopetalous.

Symphonic

Sym*phon"ic (?), a.

1. Symphonious.

2. (Mus.) Relating to, or in the manner of, symphony; as, the symphonic form or style of composition.

Symphonious

Sym*pho"ni*ous (?), a. [From Symphony.]

1. Agreeing in sound; accordant; harmonious.

Followed with acclamation and the sound Symphonious of ten thousand harps. Milton.

2. (Mus.) Symphonic.

Symphonist

Sym"pho*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. symphoniste.] A composer of symphonies.

Symphonize

Sym"pho*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Symphonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Symphonizing (?).] To agree; to be in harmony. [R.] Boyle.

Symphony

Sym"pho*ny (?), n.; pl. Symphonies (#). [F. symphonie (cf. It. sinfonia), L. symphonia, Gr. Phonetic.]

1. A consonance or harmony of sounds, agreeable to the ear, whether the sounds are vocal or instrumental, or both.

The trumpets sound, And warlike symphony in heard around. Dryden.

2. A stringed instrument formerly in use, somewhat resembling the virginal.

With harp and pipe and symphony. Chaucer.

3. (Mus.) (a) An elaborate instrumental composition for a full orchestra, consisting usually, like the sonata, of three or four contrasted yet inwardly related movements, as the allegro, the adagio, the minuet and trio, or scherzo, and the finale in quick time. The term has recently been applied to large orchestral works in freer form, with arguments or programmes to explain their meaning, such as the "symphonic poems" of Liszt. The term was formerly applied to any composition for an orchestra, as overtures, etc., and still earlier, to certain compositions partly vocal, partly instrumental. (b) An instrumental passage at the beginning or end, or in the course of, a vocal composition; a prelude, interlude, or postude; a ritornello.

Symphyla

Sym*phy"la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of small apterous insects having an elongated body, with three pairs of thoracic and about nine pairs of abdominal legs. They are, in many respects, intermediate between myriapods and true insects.

Symphyseal

Sym*phys"e*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to to symphysis.

Symphyseotomy

Sym`phy*se*ot"o*my (?), n. [NL. symphysis pubis + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of dividing the symphysis pubis for the purpose of facilitating labor; -- formerly called the Sigualtian section. [Written also symphysotomy.] Dunglison.

Symphysis

Sym"phy*sis (?), n.; pl. Symphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) An articulation formed by intervening cartilage; as, the pubic symphysis. (b) The union or coalescence of bones; also, the place of union or coalescence; as, the symphysis of the lower jaw. Cf. Articulation.

Symphysotomy

Sym`phy*sot"o*my (?), n. Symphyseotomy.

Symphytism

Sym"phy*tism (?), n. [Gr. Coalescence; a growing into one with another word. [R.]
Some of the phrasal adverbs have assumed the form of single words, by that symphytism which naturally attaches these light elements to each other. Earle.

Sympiesometer

Sym`pi*e*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A sensitive kind of barometer, in which the pressure of the atmosphere, acting upon a liquid, as oil, in the lower portion of the instrument, compresses an elastic gas in the upper part. <-- Figure of a sympiesometer, with labeled parts. --> &hand; The column of oil of a lower part BC of a glass tube compresses hydrogen gas in the upper part AB, and is thus measured on the scale pq by the position of a surface of the oil in the tube. The scale pq is adjustable, and its index must be set to the division on the scale rs corresponding to the temperature indicated by the termometer t, in order to correct for the effects of temperature on the gas. It is sensitive, and convenient for use at sea, but inferior in accuracy to the mercurial barometer.

Symplectic

Sym*plec"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Plaiting or joining together; -- said of a bone next above the quadrate in the mandibular suspensorium of many fishes, which unites together the other bones of the suspensorium. -- n. The symplectic bone.

Symploce

Sym"plo*ce (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and another at the end of successive clauses; as, Justice came down from heaven to view the earth; Justice returned to heaven, and left the earth.
Page 1463

Sympode

Sym"pode (?), n. (Bot.) A sympodium.

Sympodial

Sym*po"di*al (?), a. (Bot.) Composed of superposed branches in such a way as to imitate a simple axis; as, a sympodial stem.

Sympodium

Sym*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Sympodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An axis or stem produced by dichotomous branching in which one of the branches is regularly developed at the expense of the other, as in the grapevine.

Symposiac

Sym*po"si*ac (?), a. [L. symposiacus, Gr. Of or pertaining to compotations and merrymaking; happening where company is drinking together; as, symposiac meetings.
Symposiac disputations amongst my acquaintance. Arbuthnot.

Symposiac

Sym*po"si*ac, n. A conference or conversation of philosophers at a banquet; hence, any similar gathering.

Symposiarch

Sym*po"si*arch (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The master of a feast. <-- = M.C. -->

Symposiast

Sym*po"si*ast (?), n. One engaged with others at a banquet or merrymaking. Sydney Smith.

Symposion

Sym*po"si*on (?), n. [NL.] A drinking together; a symposium. "Our symposion last night." Sir W. Scott.

Symposium

Sym*po"si*um (?), n.; pl. Symposia (#). [L., fr. Gr. sympo`sion a drinking party, feast; sy`n with + po`sis a drinking. See Syn-, and cf. Potable.]

1. A drinking together; a merry feast. T. Warton.

2. A collection of short essays by different authors on a common topic; -- so called from the appellation given to the philosophical dialogue by the Greeks.

Symptom

Symp"tom (?), n. [F. sympt\'93me, Gr. pat to fly, to fall. See Syn-, and cf. Asymptote, Feather.]

1. (Med.) Any affection which accompanies disease; a perceptible change in the body or its functions, which indicates disease, or the kind or phases of disease; as, the causes of disease often lie beyond our sight, but we learn their nature by the symptoms exhibited.

Like the sick man, we are expiring with all sorts of good symptoms. Swift.

2. A sign or token; that which indicates the existence of something else; as, corruption in elections is a symptom of the decay of public virtue. Syn. -- Mark; note; sign; token; indication.

Symptomatic, Symptomatical

Symp`tom*at"ic (?), Symp`tom*at"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. symptomatique, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to symptoms; happening in concurrence with something; being a symptom; indicating the existence of something else.

Symptomatic of a shallow understanding and an unamiable temper. Macaulay.

2. According to symptoms; as, a symptomatical classification of diseases. -- Symp`tom*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

Symptomatology

Symp`tom*a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. symptomatologie.] (Med.) The doctrine of symptoms; that part of the science of medicine which treats of the symptoms of diseases; semeiology. &hand; It includes diagnosis, or the determination of the disease from its symptoms; and prognosis, or the determination of its probable course and event.

Syn-

Syn- (?). [Gr. A prefix meaning with, along with, together, at the same time. Syn- becomes sym- before p, b, and m, and syl- before l.

Synacme, Synacmy

Syn*ac"me (?), Syn*ac"my (?), n. [NL. synacme. See Syn-, and Acme.] (Bot.) Same as Synanthesis.

Syn\'91resis, Syneresis

Syn*\'91r"e*sis, Syn*er"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Syn-, and Heresy.] (Gram.) The union, or drawing together into one syllable, of two vowels that are ordinarily separated in syllabification; synecphonesis; -- the opposite of di\'91resis.

Synagogical

Syn`a*gog"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a synagogue.

Synagogue

Syn"a*gogue (?), n. [F., from L. synagoga, Gr. Syn-, and Agent.]

1. A congregation or assembly of Jews met for the purpose of worship, or the performance of religious rites.

2. The building or place appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews.

3. The council of, probably, 120 members among the Jews, first appointed after the return from the Babylonish captivity; -- called also the Great Synagogue, and sometimes, though erroneously, the Sanhedrin.

4. A congregation in the early Christian church.

My brethren, . . . if there come into your synagogue a man with a gold ring. James ii. 1,2 (Rev. Ver.).

5. Any assembly of men. [Obs. or R.] Milton.

Synalepha

Syn`a*le"pha (?), n. [NL., fr. L. synaloepha, Gr. (Gram.) A contraction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diphthong at the end of a word, before another vowel or diphthong; as, th' army, for the army. [Written also synal\'d2pha.]

Synallagmatic

Syn`al*lag*mat"ic, a. [Gr. (Law) Imposing reciprocal obligations upon the parties; as, a synallagmatic contract. Bouvier.

Synallaxine

Syn`al*lax"ine (?), a. [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the outer and middle toes partially united; -- said of certain birds related to the creepers.

Synal\'d2pha

Syn`a*l\'d2"pha (?), n. [L.] Same as Synalepha.

Synangium

Syn*an"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Synangia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The divided part beyond the pylangium in the aortic trunk of the amphibian heart. -- Syn*an"gi*al (#), a.

Synantherous

Syn*an"ther*ous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + anther.] (Bot.) Having the stamens united by their anthers; as, synantherous flowers.

Synanthesis

Syn`an*the"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The simultaneous maturity of the anthers and stigmas of a blossom. Gray.

Synanthous

Syn*an"thous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. (Bot.) Having flowers and leaves which appear at the same time; -- said of certain plants.

Synanthrose

Syn*an"throse" (?), n. [From NL. Synanther\'91 the Composit\'91; Gr. (Chem.) A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose, found in the tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), in the dahlia, and other Composit\'91.<-- ?? not in Merck I. -->

Synapta

Syn*ap"ta (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of slender, transparent holothurians which have delicate calcareous anchors attached to the dermal plates. See Illustration in Appendix.

Synaptase

Syn*ap"tase (?), n. [Gr. tase.] (Chem.) A ferment resembling diastase, found in bitter almonds. Cf. Amygdalin, and Emulsin.

Synapticula

Syn`ap*tic"u*la (?), n.; pl. Synapticul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous calcareous processes which extend between, and unite, the adjacent septa of certain corals, especially of the fungian corals.

Synarchy

Syn"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. Joint rule or sovereignity. [R.] Stackhouse.

Synartesis

Syn`ar*te"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A fastening or knitting together; the state of being closely jointed; close union. [R.] Coleridge.

Synarthrodia

Syn`ar*thro"di*a (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Synarthrosis. -- Syn`ar*thro"di*al (#), a. Dunglison.

Synarthrosis

Syn`ar*thro"sis (?), n.; pl. Synarthroses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Immovable articulation by close union, as in sutures. It sometimes includes symphysial articulations also. See the Note under Articulation, n., 1.

Synastry

Syn"as*try (?), n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. Concurrence of starry position or influence; hence, similarity of condition, fortune, etc., as prefigured by astrological calculation. [R.] Motley.

Synaxis

Syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Synagogue.] A congregation; also, formerly, the Lord's Supper. Jer. Taylor.

Syncarp

Syn"carp (?), n. [NL. syncarpium. See Syncarpous.] (Bot.) A kind of aggregate fruit in which the ovaries cohere in a solid mass, with a slender receptacle, as in the magnolia; also, a similar multiple fruit, as a mulberry.

Syncarpium

Syn*car"pi*um (?), n.; pl. Syncarpia (#). [NL.] (Bot.) Same as Syncarp.

Syncarpous

Syn*car"pous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. (Bot.) Composed of several carpels consolidated into one ovary.

Syncategorematic

Syn*cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Syn-, and Categorematic.] (Logic) Not capable of being used as a term by itself; -- said of words, as an adverb or preposition.

Synchondrosis

Syn`chon*dro"sis (?), n.; pl. Synchondroses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) An immovable articulation in which the union is formed by cartilage. -- Syn`chon*dro"si*al, a.

Synchondrotomy

Syn`chon*drot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) Symphyseotomy.

Synchoresis

Syn`cho*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A concession made for the purpose of retorting with greater force.

Synchronal

Syn"chro*nal (?), a. [See Synchronous.] Happening at, or belonging to, the same time; synchronous; simultaneous. Dr. H. More.

Synchronal

Syn"chro*nal, n. A synchronal thing or event.

Synchronical

Syn*chron"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. synchronique.] Happening at the same time; synchronous. Boyle. -- Syn*chron"ic*al*ly, adv.

Synchronism

Syn"chro*nism (?), n. [Gr. Synchronous.]

1. The concurrence of events in time; simultaneousness.

2. The tabular arrangement of historical events and personages, according to their dates.

3. (Paint.) A representation, in the same picture, of two or events which occured at different times.

Synchronistic

Syn`chro*nis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to synchronism; arranged according to correspondence in time; as, synchronistic tables.

Synchronization

Syn`chro*ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of synchronizing; concurrence of events in respect to time.

Synchronize

Syn"chro*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Synchronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Synchronizing (?).] [Gr. To agree in time; to be simultaneous.
The path of this great empire, through its arch of progress, synchronized with that of Christianity. De Quincey.

Synchronize

Syn"chro*nize, v. t.

1. To assign to the same date or period of time; as, to synchronize two events of Greek and Roman history. "Josephus synchronizes Nisan with the Egyptian Pharmus." W. L. Bevan.

2. To cause to agree in time; as, to synchronize the movements of different machines; to synchronize clocks.

Synchronology

Syn`chro*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. -logy.] Contemporaneous chronology.

Synchronous

Syn"chro*nous (?), a. [Gr. Chronicle.] Happening at the same time; simultaneous. -- Syn"chro*nous*ly, adv.

Synchrony

Syn"chro*ny (?), n. The concurrence of events in time; synchronism. [R.]
Geological contemporaneity is the same as chronological synchrony. Huxley.

Synchysis

Syn"chy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A derangement or confusion of any kind, as of words in a sentence, or of humors in the eye. Sparkling synchysis (Med.), a condition in which the vitreous humor is softened and contains sparkling scales of cholesterin.

Synclastic

Syn*clas"tic (?), a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. kla^n to break.] (Math. Physics) Curved toward the same side in all directions; -- said of surfaces which in all directions around any point bend away from a tangent plane toward the same side, as the surface of a sphere; -- opposed to anticlastic. Sir W. Thomson.

Synclinal

Syn*cli"nal (?), a. [Gr.

1. Inclined downward from opposite directions, so as to meet in a common point or line.

2. (Geol.) Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or plane; as, a synclinal trough or valley; a synclinal fold; -- opposed to anticlinal. &hand; A downward flexure in the case of folded rocks makes a synclinal axis, and the alternating upward flexure an anticlinal axis.

Synclinal

Syn*cli"nal, n. (Geol.) A synclinal fold.

Syncline

Syn*cline" (?), n. (Geol.) A synclinal fold.

Synclinical

Syn*clin"ic*al (?), a. Synclinal. [R.]

Synclinorium

Syn`cli*no"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Synclinoria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Geol.) A mountain range owing its origin to the progress of a geosynclinal, and ending in a catastrophe of displacement and upturning. Dana.

Syncopal

Syn"co*pal (?), a. Of or pertaining to syncope; resembling syncope.

Syncopate

Syn"co*pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syncopated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syncopating.] [LL. syncopatus, p.p. of syncopare to syncopate, to swoon. See Syncope.]

1. (Gram.) To contract, as a word, by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; as, "Gloster" is a syncopated form of "Gloucester."

2. (Mus.) To commence, as a tone, on an unaccented part of a measure, and continue it into the following accented part, so that the accent is driven back upon the weak part and the rhythm drags.

Syncopation

Syn`co*pa"tion (?), n.

1. (Gram.) The act of syncopating; the contraction of a word by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; syncope.

2. (Mus.) The act of syncopating; a peculiar figure of rhythm, or rhythmical alteration, which consists in welding into one tone the second half of one beat with the first half of the beat which follows.

Syncope

Syn"co*pe (?), n. [L. syncope, syncopa, Gr.

1. (Gram.) An elision or retrenchment of one or more letters or syllables from the middle of a word; as, ne'er for never, ev'ry for every.

2. (Mus.) Same as Syncopation.

3. (Med.) A fainting, or swooning. See Fainting.

4. A pause or cessation; suspension. [R.]

Revely, and dance, and show, Suffer a syncope and solemn pause. Cowper.

Syncopist

Syn"co*pist (?), n. One who syncopates. Addison.

Syncopize

Syn"co*pize (?), v. t. To syncopate.

Syncotyledonous

Syn*cot`y*led"on*ous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + cotyledonous.] (Bot.) Having united cotyledonous.

Syncretic

Syn*cret"ic (?), a. Uniting and blending together different systems, as of philosophy, morals, or religion. Smart.

Syncretism

Syn"cre*tism (?), n. [Gr. syncr\'82tisme.] Attempted union of principles or parties irreconcilably at variance with each other.
He is plotting a carnal syncretism, and attempting the reconcilement of Christ and Belial. Baxter.
Syncretism is opposed to eclecticism in philosophy. Krauth-Fleming.

Syncretist

Syn"cre*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. syncr\'82tiste.] One who attempts to unite principles or parties which are irreconcilably at variance; specifically (Eccl. Hist.), an adherent of George Calixtus and other Germans of the seventeenth century, who sought to unite or reconcile the Protestant sects with each other and with the Roman Catholics, and thus occasioned a long and violent controversy in the Lutheran church.

Syncretistic

Syn`cre*tis"tic (?), a.

1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, syncretism; as, a syncretistic mixture of the service of Jehovah and the worship of idols.

2. Of or pertaining to Syncretists.

Syncrisis

Syn"cri*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which opposite things or persons are compared. Crabb.
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Syncytium

Syn*cy"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Syncitia (#). [NL., from Gr.

1. (Biol.) Tissue in which the cell or partition walls are wholly wanting and the cell bodies fused together, so that the tissue consists of a continuous mass of protoplasm in which nuclei are imbedded, as in ordinary striped muscle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The ectoderm of a sponge.

Syndactyle

Syn*dac"tyle (?), n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. syndactyle.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird having syndactilous feet.

Syndactylic

Syn*dac*tyl"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Syndactilous.

Syndactylous

Syn*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the toes firmly united together for some distance, and without an intermediate web, as the kingfishers; gressorial.

Syndesmography

Syn`des*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of the ligaments; syndesmology.

Syndesmology

Syn`des*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That part of anatomy which treats of ligaments.

Syndesmosis

Syn`des*mo"sis (?), n.; pl. Syndesmoses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) An articulation formed by means of ligaments.

Syndetic, Syndetical

Syn*det"ic (?), Syn*det"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Asyndetic.] Connecting; conjunctive; as, syndetic words or connectives; syndetic references in a dictionary. -- Syn*det"ic*al*ly, adv.
With the syndetic juxtaposition of distinct members, the article is not often repeated. C. J. Grece (Trans. Maetzner's Gram.).

Syndic

Syn"dic (?), n. [L. syndictus, Gr. syndic. See Teach.]

1. An officer of government, invested with different powers in different countries; a magistrate.

2. (Law) An agent of a corporation, or of any body of men engaged in a business enterprise; an advocate or patron; an assignee. &hand; In France, syndics are appointed by the creditors of a bankrupt to manage the property. Almost all the companies in Paris, the university, and the like, have their syndics. The university of Cambridge, Eng., has its syndics, who are chosen from the senate to transact special business, such as the regulation of fees, the framing of laws, etc.

Syndicate

Syn"di*cate (?), n. [Cf. F. syndicat, LL. syndicatus.]

1. The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a council, or body of syndics. Bp. Burnet.

2. An association of persons officially authorized to undertake some duty or to negotiate some business; also, an association of persons who combine to carry out, on their own account, a financial or industrial project; as, a syndicate of bankers formed to take up and dispose of an entire issue of government bonds.

Syndicate

Syn"di*cate (?), v. t. [LL. syndicatus, p.p. of syndicare to censure.] To judge; to censure. [Obs.]

Syndrome

Syn"dro*me (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Concurrence. [R.] Glanvill. <-- 2. A group of symptoms occurring together that are characteristic and indicative of some underlying cause, such as a disease. -->

Syndyasmian

Syn`dy*as"mi*an (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the state of pairing together sexually; -- said of animals during periods of procreation and while rearing their offspring. Morgan.

Syne

Syne (?), adv. [See Since.]

1. Afterwards; since; ago. [Obs. or Scot.] R. of Brunne.

2. Late, -- as opposed to soon.

[Each rogue] shall be discovered either soon or syne. W. Hamilton (Life of Wallace).

Syne

Syne, conj. Since; seeing. [Scot.]

Synecdoche

Syn*ec"do*che (?), n. [L. synecdoche, Gr. (Rhet.) A figure or trope by which a part of a thing is put for the whole (as, fifty sail for fifty ships), or the whole for a part (as, the smiling year for spring), the species for the genus (as, cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (as, a creature for a man), the name of the material for the thing made, etc. Bain.

Synecdochical

Syn`ec*doch"ic*al (?), a. Expressed by synecdoche; implying a synecdoche.
Isis is used for Themesis by a synecdochical kind of speech, or by a poetical liberty, in using one for another. Drayton.

Synecdochically

Syn`ec*doch"ic*al*ly, adv. By synecdoche.

Synechia

Syn*e"chi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the eye, in which the iris adheres to the cornea or to the capsule of the crystalline lens.

Synecphonesis

Syn*ec`pho*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A contraction of two syllables into one; synizesis.

Synedral

Syn*e"dral (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Growing on the angles of a stem, as the leaves in some species of Selaginella.

Synentognathi

Syn`en*tog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, resembling the Physoclisti, without spines in the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins. It includes the true flying fishes.

Synepy

Syn"e*py (?), n. [Gr. (Rhet.) The interjunction, or joining, of words in uttering the clauses of sentences.

Syneresis

Syn*er"e*sis (?), n. Same as Syn\'91resis.

Synergetic

Syn`er*get"ic (?), a. [Gr. Working together; co\'94perating; as, synergetic muscles.

Synergism

Syn"er*gism (?), n. [See Synergetic.] (Theol.) The doctrine or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in the regeneration of a human soul there is a co\'94peration, or joint agency, on the part both of God and of man. <-- 2. Same as synergy, 2. -->

Synergist

Syn"er*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. synergiste.]

1. One who holds the doctrine of synergism.

2. (Med.) A remedy which has an action similar to that of another remedy, and hence increases the efficiency of that remedy when combined with it. <-- 3. (Biochemistry) A chemical compound which exhibits a synergistic effect on some biochemical or physiological action, in combination with another compound. [A supertype of def. 2.] -->

Synergistic

Syn`er*gis"tic (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to synergism. "A synergistic view of regeneration." Shedd.

2. Co\'94perating; synergetic.

Synergy

Syn"er*gy (?), n. [Gr. Synergetic.] Combined action; especially (Med.), the combined healty action of every organ of a particular system; as, the digestive synergy. <-- 2. An effect of the interaction of the actions of two agents such that the result of the combined action is greater than expected as a simple additive combination of the two agents acting separately. Also synergism. -->

Syngenesia

Syn`ge*ne"si*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants in which the stamens are united by the anthers.

Syngenesian, Syngenesious

Syn`ge*ne"sian (?), Syn`ge*ne"sious (?), a. (Bot.) Having the stamens united by the anthers; of or pertaining to the Syngenesia.

Syngenesis

Syn*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. syn- + genesis.] (Biol.) A theory of generation in which each germ is supposed to contain the germs of all subsequent generations; -- the opposite of epigenesis.

Syngnathi

Syng"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of lophobranch fishes which have an elongated snout and lack the ventral and first dorsal fins. The pipefishes and sea horses are examples. -- Syng"na*thous (#), a.

Syngraph

Syn"graph (?), n. [L. syngrapha, Gr. (Law) A writing signed by both or all the parties to a contract or bond.

Synizesis

Syn`i*ze"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) An obliteration of the pupil of the eye.

2. (Gram.) A contraction of two syllables into one; synecphonesis.

Synneorosis

Syn`neo*ro"sis (?), n.; pl. Synneuroses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Syndesmosis.

Synocha

Syn"o*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Synechia.] (Med.) See Synochus. [Obs.]

Synochal

Syn"o*chal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to synocha; like synocha. [Obs.]

Synochus

Syn"o*chus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A continuous fever. [Obs.] &hand; Synocha and synochus were used as epithets of two distinct types of fever, but in different senses at different periods. The same disease is placed under synocha by one author, under synochus by another. Quain.

Synocil

Syn"o*cil (?), n. [Pref. syn- + cilium.] (Zo\'94l.) A sense organ found in certain sponges. It consists of several filaments, each of which arises from a single cell.

Synod

Syn"od (?), n. [L. synodus, Gr. sino, seno, F. synode, both from the Latin.]

1. (Eccl. Hist.) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters. &hand; Synods are of four kinds: 1. General, or ecumenical, which are compopsed of bishops from different nations; -- commonly called general council. 2. National, composed of bishops of one nation only. 3. Provincial, in which the bishops of only one province meet; -- called also convocations. 4. Diocesan, a synod in which the bishop of the diocese or his representative presides. Among Presbyterians, a synod is composed of several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the ministers and a ruling elder from each parish.

2. An assembly or council having civil authority; a legislative body.

It hath in solemn synods been decreed, Both by the Syracusians and ourselves, To admit no traffic to our adverse towns. Shak.
Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove! And you, bright synod of the powers above. Dryden.

3. (Astron.) A conjunction of two or more of the heavenly bodies. [R.] Milton.

Synodal

Syn"od*al (?), a. [L. synodalis: cf. F. synodal.] Synodical. Milton.

Synodal

Syn"od*al, n.

1. (Ch. of Eng.) A tribute in money formerly paid to the bishop or archdeacon, at the time of his Easter visitation, by every parish priest, now made to the ecclesiastical commissioners; a procuration.

Synodals are due, of common right, to the bishop only. Gibson.

2. A constitution made in a provincial or diocesan synod.

Synodic, Synodical

Syn*od"ic (?), Syn*od"ic*al (?), a. [L. synodicus, Gr. synodique.]

1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a synod; transacted in, or authorized by, a synod; as, synodical proceedings or forms. "A synodical epistle." Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. (Astron.) Pertaining to conjunction, especially to the period between two successive conjunctions; extending from one conjunction, as of the moon or a planet with the sun, to the next; as, a synodical month (see Lunar month, under Month); the synodical revolution of the moon or a planet.

Synodically

Syn*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a synodical manner; in a synod; by the authority of a synod. "Synodically agreed upon." R. Nelson.

Synodist

Syn"od*ist (?), n. An adherent to a synod.
These synodists thought fit in Latin as yet to veil their decrees from vulgar eyes. Fuller.

Syn\'d2cious

Syn*\'d2"cious (?), a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. (Bot.) Having stamens and pistil in the same head, or, in mosses, having antheridia and archegonia on the same receptacle.

Synomocy

Syn*om"o*cy (?), n. [Gr. Sworn brotherhood; a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern political club.

Synonym

Syn"o*nym (?), n.; pl. Synonyms (). [F. synonyme, L. synonyma, pl. of synonymum, Gr. Synonymous.] One of two or more words (commonly words of the same language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more words which have very nearly the same signification, and therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under Synonymous. [Written also synonyme.]
All languages tend to clear themselves of synonyms as intellectual culture advances, the superfluous words being taken up and appropriated by new shades and combinations of thought evolved in the progress of society. De Quincey.
His name has thus become, throughout all civilized countries, a synonym for probity and philanthropy. Macaulay.
In popular literary acceptation, and as employed in special dictionaries of such words, synonyms are words sufficiently alike in general signification to be liable to be confounded, but yet so different in special definition as to require to be distinguished. G. P. Marsh.

Synonyma

Syn*on"y*ma (?), n. pl. [L.] Synonyms. [Obs.] Fuller.

Synonymal

Syn*on"y*mal (?), a. Synonymous. [Obs.]

Synonymally

Syn*on"y*mal*ly, adv. Synonymously. [Obs.]

Synonyme

Syn"o*nyme (?), n. Same as Synonym.

Synonymic

Syn`o*nym"ic (?), n. [Cf. G. synonymik. See Synonymous.] (Gram.) The science, or the scientific treatment, of synonymous words.

Synonymic, Synonymical

Syn`o*nym"ic (?), Syn`o*nym"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to synonyms, or synonymic; synonymous.

Synonymicon

Syn`o*nym"i*con (?), n. [NL.] A dictionary of synonyms. C. J. Smith.

Synonymist

Syn*on"y*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. synonymiste.] One who collects or explains synonyms.

Synonymize

Syn*on"y*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Synonymized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Synonymizing (?).] To express by a synonym or synonyms; to give the synonym or synonyms corresponding to.
This word "fortis" we may synonymize after all these fashions: stout, hardy, valiant, doughty, courageous, adventurous, brave, bold, daring, intrepid. Camden.

Synonymous

Syn*on"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. Syn-, and Name.] Having the character of a synonym; expressing the same thing; conveying the same, or approximately the same, idea. -- Syn*on"y*mous*ly, adv.
These words consist of two propositions, which are not distinct in sense, but one and the same thing variously expressed; for wisdom and understanding are synonymous words here. Tillotson.
Syn. -- Identical; interchangeable. -- Synonymous, Identical. If no words are synonymous except those which are identical in use and meaning, so that the one can in all cases be substituted for the other, we have scarcely ten such words in our language. But the term more properly denotes that the words in question approach so near to each other, that, in many or most cases, they can be used interchangeably. 1. Words may thus coincide in certain connections, and so be interchanged, when they can not be interchanged in other connections; thus we may speak either strength of mind or of force of mind, but we say the force (not strength) of gravitation. 2. Two words may differ slightly, but this difference may be unimportant to the speaker's object, so that he may freely interchange them; thus it makes but little difference, in most cases, whether we speak of a man's having secured his object or having attained his object. For these and other causes we have numerous words which may, in many cases or connections, be used interchangeably, and these are properly called synonyms. Synonymous words "are words which, with great and essential resemblances of meaning, have, at the same time, small, subordinate, and partial differences, -- these differences being such as either originally and on the ground of their etymology inhered in them; or differences which they have by usage acquired in the eyes of all; or such as, though nearly latent now, they are capable of receiving at the hands of wise and discreet masters of the tongue. Synonyms are words of like significance in the main, but with a certain unlikeness as well." Trench.

Synonymy

Syn*on"y*my (?), n. [L. synonymia, Gr. synonymie.]

1. The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.

2. A system of synonyms.

3. (Rhet.) A figure by which synonymous words are used to amplify a discourse.

Synopsis

Syn*op"sis (?), n.; pl. Synopses (#). [L., from Gr. optic.] A general view, or a collection of heads or parts so arranged as to exhibit a general view of the whole; an abstract or summary of a discourse; a syllabus; a conspectus.
That the reader may see in one view the exactness of the method, as well as force of the argument, I shall here draw up a short synopsis of this epistle. Bp. Warburton.
Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; abstract; summary; syllabus; conspectus. See Abridgment.

Synoptic, Synoptical

Syn*op"tic (?), Syn*op"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. synoptique. See Synopsis.] Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal parts of a thing; as, a synoptic table; a synoptical statement of an argument. "The synoptic Gospels." Alford. -- Syn*op"tic*al*ly, adv.

Synoptic

Syn*op"tic, n. One of the first three Gospels of the New Testament. See Synoptist.

Synoptist

Syn*op"tist (?), n. Any one of the authors of the three synoptic Gospels, which give a history of our Lord's life and ministry, in distinction from the writer of John's Gospel, which gives a fuller record of his teachings.

Synosteology

Syn*os`te*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. -logy.] That part of anatomy which treats of joints; arthrology.

Synosteosis

Syn*os`te*o"sis (?), n.; pl. Synosteoses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Union by means of bone; the complete closing up and obliteration of sutures.

Synostosis

Syn`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL.] Same as Synosteosis.

Synovia

Syn*o"vi*a (?), n. [NL., perhaps fr. Gr. ovum egg: cf. F. synovie.] (Anat.) A transparent, viscid, lubricating fluid which contains mucin and secreted by synovial membranes; synovial fluid.
Page 1465

Synovial

Syn*o"vi*al (?), a. [Cf. F. synovial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to synovia; secreting synovia.
Synovial capsule, a closed sac of synovial membrane situated between the articular surfaces at diarthrodial joints. -- Synovial fluid, synovia. -- Synovial membrane, the dense and very smooth connective tissue membrane which secretes synovia and surrounds synovial capsules and other synovial cavities.

Synovitis

Syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Synovia, -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Synpelmous

Syn*pel"mous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + (Zo\'94l.) Having the two main flexor tendons of the toes blended together.

Synsepalous

Syn*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having united sepals; gamosepalous.

Syntactic, Syntactical

Syn*tac"tic (?), Syn*tac"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. G. Syntax.] Of or pertaining to syntax; according to the rules of syntax, or construction. -- Syn*tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

Syntax

Syn"tax (?), n. [L. syntaxis, Gr. syntaxe. See Syn-, and Tactics.]

1. Connected system or order; union of things; a number of things jointed together; organism. [Obs.]

They owe no other dependence to the first than what is common to the whole syntax of beings. Glanvill.

2. That part of grammar which treats of the construction of sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences in their necessary relations, according to established usage in any language.

Syntaxis

Syn*tax"is (?), n. Syntax. [R.] B. Jonson.

Synteresis

Syn`te*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) Prophylaxis. [Obs.]

2. (Metaph.) Conscience viewed as the internal repository of the laws of duty. Whewell.

Synteretic

Syn`te*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Preserving health; prophylactic. [Obs.]

Synteretics

Syn`te*ret"ics (?), n. (Med.) That department of medicine which relates to the preservation of health; prophylaxis. [Obs.]<-- = hygeine? -->

Synthermal

Syn*ther"mal (?), a. [Pref. syn- + thermal.] Having the same degree of heat.

Synthesis

Syn"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Syntheses (#). [L., a mixture, properly, a putting together, Gr. Thesis.]

1. Composition, or the putting of two or more things together, as in compounding medicines.

2. (Chem.) The art or process of making a compound by putting the ingredients together, as contrasted with analysis; thus, water is made by synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen; hence, specifically, the building up of complex compounds by special reactions, whereby their component radicals are so grouped that the resulting substances are identical in every respect with the natural articles when such occur; thus, artificial alcohol, urea, indigo blue, alizarin, etc., are made by synthesis.

3. (Logic) The combination of separate elements of thought into a whole, as of simple into complex conceptions, species into genera, individual propositions into systems; -- the opposite of analysis.

Analysis and synthesis, though commonly treated as two different methods, are, if properly understood, only the two necessary parts of the same method. Each is the relative and correlative of the other. Sir W. Hamilton.

Synthesist

Syn"the*sist (?), n. One who employs synthesis, or who follows synthetic methods.

Synthesize

Syn"the*size (?), v. t.

1. To combine by synthesis; to unite.

2. To produce by synthesis; as, to synthesize albumin.

Synthetic, Synthetical

Syn*thet"ic (?), Syn*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. synth\'82tique.]

1. Of or pertaining to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or composition; as, the synthetic method of reasoning, as opposed to analytical.

Philosophers hasten too much from the analytic to the synthetic method; that is, they draw general conclusions from too small a number of particular observations and experiments. Bolingbroke.

2. (Chem.) Artificial. Cf. Synthesis, 2.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Comprising within itself structural or other characters which are usually found only in two or more diverse groups; -- said of species, genera, and higher groups. See the Note under Comprehensive, 3.

Synthetic, ∨ Synthetical language, an inflectional language, or one characterized by grammatical endings; -- opposed to analytic language. R. Morris.

Synthetically

Syn*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a synthetic manner.

Synthetize

Syn"the*tize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gr. To combine; to unite in regular structure. [R.]

Syntomy

Syn"to*my (?), n. [Gr. Brevity; conciseness. [R.]

Syntonin

Syn"to*nin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid substance (acid albumin) formed from the albuminous matter of muscle by the action of dilute acids; -- formerly called musculin. See Acid albumin, under Albumin.

Syphering

Sy"pher*ing (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Carp.) The lapping of chamfered edges of planks to make a smooth surface, as for a bulkhead.

Syphilide

Syph"i*lide (?), n. [F.] (Med.) A cutaneous eruption due to syphilis.

Syphilis

Syph"i*lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Syphilus, the name of a shepherd in the Latin poem of Fracastoro, "Syphilus, sive Morbus Gallicus," which was published in 1530; Gr. (Med.) The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic, specific, infectious disease, usually communicated by sexual intercourse or by hereditary transmission, and occurring in three stages known as primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis. See under Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.<-- a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Usu. tretable with penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics. -->

Syphilitic

Syph`i*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. syphilitique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis; affected with syphilis. -- n. A syphilitic patient.

Syphilitically

Syph`i*lit"ic*al*ly (?), adv. (Med.) In a syphilitic manner; with venereal disease.

Syphilization

Syph`i*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) Inoculation with the syphilitic virus, especially when employed as a preventive measure, like vaccination.

Syphilize

Syph"i*lize (?), v. t. (Med.) To inoculate with syphilis.

Syphiloderm

Syph"i*lo*derm (?), n. [See Syphilis, and Derm.] (Med.) A cutaneous affection due to syphilis.

Syphilodermatous

Syph`i*lo*der"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis.

Syphiloid

Syph"i*loid (?), a. [Syphilis + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling syphilis.

Syphilologist

Syph`i*lol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in syphilology.

Syphilology

Syph`i*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Syphilis + -logy.] That branch of medicine which treats of syphilis.

Syphon

Sy"phon (?), n. See Syphon.

Syracuse

Syr"a*cuse (?), n. A red wine of Italy.

Syren

Sy"ren (?), n. See Siren. [R.]

Syriac

Syr"i*ac (?), a. [L. Syriacus, from Syria: cf. F. syriaque.] Of or pertaining to Syria, or its language; as, the Syriac version of the Pentateuch. -- n. The language of Syria; especially, the ancient language of that country.

Syriacism

Syr"i*a*cism (?), n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism.

Syrian

Syr"i*an (?), a. [L. Syrius: cf. F. Syrien.] Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac. -- n. A native of Syria.

Syrianism

Syr"i*an*ism (?), n. A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity of the Syrian language; a Syriacism. Paley.

Syriasm

Syr"i*asm (?), n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism; a Syriacism. M. Stuart.
The Scripture Greek is observed to be full of Syriasms and Hebraisms. Bp. Warburton.

Syringa

Sy*rin"ga (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Syringe.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants; the lilac. (b) The mock orange; -- popularly so called because its stems were formerly used as pipestems.

Syringe

Syr"inge (?), n. [F. seringue (cf. Pr. siringua, Sp. jeringa, It. sciringa, scilinga), fg. Gr. svar to sound, and E. swarum. Cf. Syringa.] A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle which is sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc. Garden syringe. See Garden.

Syringe

Syr"inge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syringing (?).]

1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water into a vein.

2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.

Syringeal

Sy*rin"ge*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the syrinx; as, the syringeal muscle.

Syringin

Sy*rin"gin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bark of the lilac (Syringa) and extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly called also lilacin.

Syringoc\'d2le

Sy*rin"go*c\'d2le (?), n. [Syrinx + Gr. (Anat.) The central canal of the spinal cord. B. G. Wilder.

Syringotome

Sy*rin"go*tome (?), n. [Cf. F. syringotome. See Syringotomy.] (Surg. & Anat.) A small blunt-pointed bistoury, -- used in syringotomy.

Syringotomy

Syr`in*got"o*my (?), n. [Gr. syringotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting for anal fistula.

Syrinx

Syr"inx (?), n.; pl. Syringes (#). [NL., from Gr.

1. (Mus.) A wind instrument made of reeds tied together; -- called also pandean pipes.<-- pipes of Pan -->

2. (Anat.) The lower larynx in birds. &hand; In birds there are two laringes, an upper or true, but voiceless, larynx in the usual position behind the tongue, and a lower one, at or near the junction of the trachea and bronchi, which is the true organ of the voice.

Syrma

Syr"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Antiq.) A long dress, trailing on the floor, worn by tragic actors in Greek and Roman theaters.

Syrphian

Syr"phi*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the syrphus flies. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) A syrphus fly.

Syrphus fly

Syr"phus fly` (?). [NL. Syrphus, the generic name, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus Syrphus and allied genera. They are usually bright-colored, with yellow bands, and hover around plants. The larv\'91 feed upon plant lice, and are, therefore, very beneficial to agriculture.

Syrt

Syrt (?), n. [L. syrtis a sand bank in the sea, Gr. syrte.] A quicksand; a bog. [R.] Young.

Syrtic

Syr"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a syrt; resembling syrt, or quicksand. [R.] Ed. Rev.

Syrtis

Syr"tis (?), n.; pl. Syrtes (#). [See Syrt.] A quicksand.
Quenched in a boggy syrtis, neither sea Nor good dry land. Milton.

Syrup, n., Syrupy

Syr"up (?), n., Syr"up*y (?), a. [See Sirup.] Same as Sirup, Sirupy.

Syssarcosis

Sys`sar*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The junction of bones by intervening muscles.

Systaltic

Sys*tal"tic (?), a. [L. systalticus drawing together, Gr. Sustaltic, Systole.] (Physiol.) Capable of, or taking place by, alternate contraction and dilatation; as, the systaltic action of the heart.

Systasis

Sys"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. System.] A political union, confederation, or league. [R.] Burke.

System

Sys"tem (?), n. [L. systema, Gr. syst\'8ame. See Stand.]

1. An assemblage of objects arranged in regular subordination, or after some distinct method, usually logical or scientific; a complete whole of objects related by some common law, principle, or end; a complete exhibition of essential principles or facts, arranged in a rational dependence or connection; a regular union of principles or parts forming one entire thing; as, a system of philosophy; a system of government; a system of divinity; a system of botany or chemistry; a military system; the solar system. <-- Specifically, a computer system. -->

The best way to learn any science, is to begin with a regular system, or a short and plain scheme of that science well drawn up into a narrow compass. I. Watts.

2. Hence, the whole scheme of created things regarded as forming one complete plan of whole; the universe. "The great system of the world." Boyle.

3. Regular method or order; formal arrangement; plan; as, to have a system in one's business.

4. (Mus.) The collection of staves which form a full score. See Score, n.

5. (Biol.) An assemblage of parts or organs, either in animal or plant, essential to the performance of some particular function or functions which as a rule are of greater complexity than those manifested by a single organ; as, the capillary system, the muscular system, the digestive system, etc.; hence, the whole body as a functional unity.

6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the stellate or irregular clusters of intimately united zooids which are imbedded in, or scattered over, the surface of the common tissue of many compound ascidians.

Block system, Conservative system, etc. See under Block, Conservative, etc.

Systematic, Systematical

Sys`tem*at"ic (?), Sys`tem*at"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. syst\'82matique.]

1. Of or pertaining to system; consisting in system; methodical; formed with regular connection and adaptation or subordination of parts to each other, and to the design of the whole; as, a systematic arrangement of plants or animals; a systematic course of study.

Now we deal much in essays, and unreasonably despise systematical learning; whereas our fathers had a just value for regularity and systems. I. Watts.
A representation of phenomena, in order to answer the purposes of science, must be systematic. Whewell.

2. Proceeding according to system, or regular method; as, a systematic writer; systematic benevolence.

3. Pertaining to the system of the world; cosmical.

These ends may be called cosmical, or systematical. Boyle.

4. (Med.) Affecting successively the different parts of the system or set of nervous fibres; as, systematic degeneration. <-- affecting the whole body, as contrasted with local. -->

Systematic theology. See under Theology.

Systematically

Sys`tem*at"ic*al*ly, adv. In a systematic manner; methodically.

Systematism

Sys"tem*a*tism (?), n. The reduction of facts or principles to a system. Dunglison.

Systematist

Sys"tem*a*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. syst\'82matiste.]

1. One who forms a system, or reduces to system.

2. One who adheres to a system.

Systematization

Sys`tem*a*ti*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. syst\'82matization.] The act or operation of systematizing.

Systematize

Sys"tem*a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Systematizing (?).] [Cf. F. syst\'82matiser. Cf. Systemize.] To reduce to system or regular method; to arrange methodically; to methodize; as, to systematize a collection of plants or minerals; to systematize one's work; to systematize one's ideas.
Diseases were healed, and buildings erected, before medicine and architecture were systematized into arts. Harris.

Systematizer

Sys"tem*a*ti`zer (?), n. One who systematizes.
Aristotle may be called the systematizer of his master's doctrines. Harris.

Systematology

Sys`tem*a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The doctrine of, or a treatise upon, systems. Dunglison.

Systemic

Sys*tem"ic (?), a.

1. Of or relating to a system; common to a system; as, the systemic circulation of the blood.

2. (Anat. & Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the general system, or the body as a whole; as, systemic death, in distinction from local death; systemic circulation, in distinction from pulmonic circulation; systemic diseases.

Systemic death. See the Note under Death, n., 1.

Systemization

Sys`tem*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of systematizing; systematization.

Systemize

Sys"tem*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systemized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Systemizing (?).] [Cf. Systematize.] To reduce to system; to systematize.
Page 1466

Systemizer

Sys"tem*i`zer (?), n. One who systemizes, or reduces to system; a systematizer.

Systemless

Sys"tem*less, a.

1. Being without system.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Not agreeing with some artificial system of classification.

3. (Biol.)Not having any of the distinct systems or types of structure, as the radiate, articulate, etc., characteristic of organic nature; as, all unicellular organisms are systemless.

Systole

Sys"to*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Gram.) The shortening of the long syllable.

2. (Physiol.) The contraction of the heart and arteries by which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept up; -- correlative to diastole.

Systolic

Sys*tol"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to systole, or contraction; contracting; esp., ralating to the systole of the heart; as, systolic murmur. Dunglison.

Systyle

Sys"tyle (?), a. [L. systylos, Gr. systyle.] (Arch.) Having a space equal to two diameters or four modules between two columns; -- said of a portico or building. See Intercolumniation. -- n. A systyle temple or other edifice.

Syth, Sythe

Syth (?), Sythe (?), prep., adv., conj. & n. See Sith, Sithe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

Sythe

Sythe (?), n. Scythe. [Obs. or R.]

Syzygial

Sy*zyg"i*al (?), a. Pertaining to a syzygy.

Syzygy

Syz"y*gy (?), n.; pl. Syzygies (#). [L. syzygia a joining together, conjunction, Gr. syzygie. See Yoke, n.]

1. (Astron.) The point of an orbit, as of the moon or a planet, at which it is in conjunction or opposition; -- commonly used in the plural.

2. (Gr. & L. Pros.) The coupling together of different feet; as, in Greek verse, an iambic syzygy.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of the segments of an arm of a crinoid composed of two joints so closely united that the line of union is obliterated on the outer, though visible on the inner, side. (b) The immovable union of two joints of a crinoidal arm.

Line of syzygies (Astron.), the straight line connecting the earth, the sun, and the moon or a planet, when the latter is in conjunction or opposition; -- used chiefly of the moon.
Page 1467

Table

Ta"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tableed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tableing (?).]

1. To form into a table or catalogue; to tabulate; as, to table fines.

2. To delineate, as on a table; to represent, as in a picture. [Obs.]

Tabled and pictured in the chambers of meditation. Bacon.

3. To supply with food; to feed. [Obs.] Milton.

4. (Carp.) To insert, as one piece of timber into another, by alternate scores or projections from the middle, to prevent slipping; to scarf.

5. To lay or place on a table, as money. Carlyle.

6. In parliamentary usage, to lay on the table; to postpone, by a formal vote, the consideration of (a bill, motion, or the like) till called for, or indefinitely.

7. To enter upon the docket; as, to table charges against some one.

8. (Naut.) To make board hems in the skirts and bottoms of (sails) in order to strengthen them in the part attached to the boltrope.

Table

Ta"ble, v. i. To live at the table of another; to board; to eat. [Obs.] "He . . . was driven from the society of men to table with the beasts." South.

Tableau

Ta`bleau" (?), n.; pl. Tableaux (#). [F., dim. fr. L. tabula a painting. See Table.]

1. A striking and vivid representation; a picture.

2. A representation of some scene by means of persons grouped in the proper manner, placed in appropriate postures, and remaining silent and motionless.

Tableau vivant

Ta`bleau" vi`vant" (?); pl. Tableaux vivants (#). [F.] Same as Tableau, n., 2.

Tablebook

Ta"ble*book` (?), n. A tablet; a notebook.
Put into your tablebook whatever you judge worthly. Dryden.

Tablecloth

Ta"ble*cloth` (?), n. A cloth for covering a table, especially one with which a table is covered before the dishes, etc., are set on for meals.

Table d'h\'93te

Ta"ble d'h\'93te" (?); pl. Tables d'h\'93te (#). [F., literally, table of the landlord.] A common table for guests at a hotel; an ordinary.

Table-land

Ta"ble-land` (?), n. A broad, level, elevated area of land; a plateau.
The toppling crags of Duty scaled, Are close upon the shining table-lands To which our God himself is moon and sun. Tennyson.

Tableman

Ta"ble*man (?), n.; pl. Tablemen (. A man at draughts; a piece used in playing games at tables. See Table, n., 10. [R.] Bacon.

Tablement

Ta"ble*ment (?), n. (Arch.) A table. [Obs.]
Tablements and chapters of pillars. Holland.

Tabler

Ta"bler (?), n.

1. One who boards. [Obs.]

2. One who boards others for hire. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tablespoon

Ta"ble*spoon` (?), n. A spoon of the largest size commonly used at the table; -- distinguished from teaspoon, dessert spoon, etc.

Tablespoonful

Ta"ble*spoon`ful (?), n.; pl. Tablespoonfuls (. As much as a tablespoon will hold; enough to fill a tablespoon. It is usually reckoned as one half of a fluid ounce, or four fluid drams.

Tablet

Ta"blet (?), n. [F. tablette, dim. of table. See Table.]

1. A small table or flat surface.

2. A flat piece of any material on which to write, paint, draw, or engrave; also, such a piece containing an inscription or a picture.

3. Hence, a small picture; a miniature. [Obs.]

4. pl. A kind of pocket memorandum book.

5. A flattish cake or piece; as, tablets of arsenic were formerly worn as a preservative against the plague.

6. (Pharm.) A solid kind of electuary or confection, commonly made of dry ingredients with sugar, and usually formed into little flat squares; -- called also lozenge, and troche, especially when of a round or rounded form.

Tableware

Ta"ble*ware` (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, for table use.

Tabling

Ta"bling (?), n.

1. A forming into tables; a setting down in order.

2. (Carp.) The letting of one timber into another by alternate scores or projections, as in shipbuilding.

3. (Naut.) A broad hem on the edge of a sail. Totten.

4. Board; support. [Obs.] Trence in English (1614).

5. Act of playing at tables. See Table, n., 10. [Obs.]

Tabling house, a gambling house. [Obs.] Northbrooke.

Taboo

Ta*boo" (?), n. A total prohibition of intercourse with, use of, or approach to, a given person or thing under pain of death, -- an interdict of religious origin and authority, formerly common in the islands of Polynesia; interdiction. [Written also tabu.]

Taboo

Ta*boo", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabooing.] To put under taboo; to forbid, or to forbid the use of; to interdict approach to, or use of; as, to taboo the ground set apart as a sanctuary for criminals. [Written also tabu.]

Tabor

Ta"bor (?), n. [OF. tabor, tabour, F. tambour; cf. Pr. tabor, tanbor, Sp. & Pg. tambor, atambor, It. tamburo; all fr. Ar. & Per. tamb a kind of lute, or giutar, or Per. tab\'c6r a drum. Cf. Tabouret, Tambour.] (Mus.) A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife, both being played by the same person. [Written also tabour, and taber.]

Tabor

Ta"bor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tabored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taboring.] [Cf. OF. taborer.] [Written also tabour.]

1. To play on a tabor, or little drum.

2. To strike lightly and frequently.

Tabor

Ta"bor, v. t. To make (a sound) with a tabor.

Taborer

Ta"bor*er (?), n. One who plays on the tabor. Shak.

Taboret

Tab"o*ret (?), n. [Dim. of tabor. Cf. Tabret.] (Mus.) A small tabor. [Written also tabouret.]

Taborine

Tab"o*rine (?), n. [OF. tabourin, F. tambourin. See Tabor, and cf. Tambourine.] (Mus.) A small, shallow drum; a tabor.

Taborite

Ta"bor*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain Bohemian reformers who suffered persecution in the fifteenth century; -- so called from Tabor, a hill or fortress where they encamped during a part of their struggles.

Tabour

Ta"bour (?), n. & v. See Tabor.

Tabouret

Tab"ou*ret (?), n. [F., dim. of OF. tabor, tabour, drum. See Tabor.]

1. Same as Taboret.

2. A seat without arms or back, cushioned and stuffed: a high stool; -- so called from its resemblance to a drum.

3. An embroidery frame. Knight.

Right of the tabouret, the privilege of sitting on a tabouret in the presence of the severeign, formerly granted to certain ladies of high rank at the French court.

Tabrere

Tab"rere (?), n. A taborer. [Obs.] Spenser.

Tabret

Tab"ret (?), n. A taboret. Young.

Tabu

Ta*bu" (?), n. & v. See Taboo.

Tabula

Tab"u*la (?), n.; pl. Tabul\'91 (#). [L.]

1. A table; a tablet.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the transverse plants found in the calicles of certain corals and hydroids.

Tabula rasa ( [L.], a smoothed tablet; hence, figuratively, the mind in its earliest state, before receiving impressions from without; -- a term used by Hobbes, Locke, and others, in maintaining a theory opposed to the doctrine of innate ideas.

Tabular

Tab"u*lar (?), a. [L. tabularis, fr. tabula a board, table. See Table.] Having the form of, or pertaining to, a table (in any of the uses of the word). Specifically: -- (a) Having a flat surface; as, a tabular rock. (b) Formed into a succession of flakes; laminated.
Nodules . . . that are tabular and plated. Woodward.
(c) Set in squares. [R.] (d) Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics. (e) Derived from, or computed by, the use of tables; as, tabular right ascension. Tabular difference (Math.), the difference between two consecutive numbers in a table, sometimes printed in its proper place in the table. -- Tabular spar (Min.), wollastonite.

Tabularization

Tab`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of tabularizing, or the state of being tabularized; formation into tables; tabulation.

Tabularize

Tab"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabularizing (?).] To tabulate.

Tabulata

Tab`u*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tabulatus floored.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial group of stony corals including those which have transverse septa in the calicles. The genera Pocillopora and Favosites are examples. <-- ## note that Pocillopora is italicised but not listed separately in this dictionary. Favosites is not italicised, and has an entry as a headword. Is that the difference between italicisation or not for genus names? -->

Tabulate

Tab"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabulating.] [L. tabula a table. See Tabular.]

1. To form into a table or tables; to reduce to tables or synopses.

A philosophy is not worth the having, unless its results may be tabulated, and put in figures. I. Taylor.

2. To shape with a flat surface.

Tabulation

Tab`u*la"tion (?), n. The act of forming into a table or tables; as, the tabulation of statistics.

Tac

Tac (?), n. [Cf. Tack, n., 4.] (O. Eng. Law) A kind of customary payment by a tenant; -- a word used in old records. Cowell. Burrill.

Tacamahac, Tacamahaca

Tac"a*ma*hac` (?), Tac`a*ma*ha"ca (?), n.

1. A bitter balsamic resin obtained from tropical American trees of the genus Elaphrium (E. tomentosum and E. Tacamahaca), and also from East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum; also, the resinous exhudation of the balsam poplar.

2. (Bot.) Any tree yielding tacamahac resin, especially, in North America, the balsam poplar, or balm of Gilead (Populus balsamifera).

Tacaud

Ta*caud" (?), n. [Cf. F. tacaud. See Tomcod.] (Zo\'94l.) The bib, or whiting pout. [Prov. Eng.]

Tace

Tace (?), n. The cross, or church, of St. Antony. See Illust. (6), under Cross, n. Mollett.

Tace

Tace, n. See Tasse. Fairholt.

Tacet

Ta"cet (?), v.impers. [L., it is silent, 3d pers.pr. of tacere to be silent.] (Mus.) It is silent; -- a direction for a vocal or instrumental part to be silent during a whole movement.

Tache

Tache (?), n. [See Tack a kind of nail.] Something used for taking hold or holding; a catch; a loop; a button. [Obs.] Ex. xxvi. 6.

Tache

Tache, n. [F. tache spot. See Techy.] A spot, stain, or blemish. [Obs.] Warner.

Tachhydrite

Tach*hy"drite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous chloride of calcium and magnesium occurring in yellowish masses which rapidly deliquesce upon exposure. It is found in the salt mines at Stassfurt.

Tachina

Tach"i*na (?), n.; pl. Tachin\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Diptera belonging to Tachina and allied genera. Their larv\'91 are external parasites of other insects.

Tachometer

Ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. tachom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the velocity, or indicating changes in the velocity, of a moving body or substance. Specifically: -- (a) An instrument for measuring the velocity of running water in a river or canal, consisting of a wheel with inclined vanes, which is turned by the current. The rotations of the wheel are recorded by clockwork. (b) An instrument for showing at any moment the speed of a revolving shaft, consisting of a delicate revolving conical pendulum which is driven by the shaft, and the action of which by change of speed moves a pointer which indicates the speed on a graduated dial. (c) (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood; a h\'91matachometer.

Tachydidaxy

Tach"y*di*dax`y (?), n. [Gr. A short or rapid method of instructing. [R.]

Tachyglossa

Tach`y*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of monotremes which comprises the spiny ant-eaters of Australia and New Guinea. See Illust. under Echidna.

Tachygraphic, Tachygraphical

Tach`y*graph"ic (?), Tach`y*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. tachygraphique.] Of or pertaining to tachygraphy; written in shorthand.

Tachygraphy

Ta*chyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. tachygraphie.] The art or practice of rapid writing; shorthand writing; stenography. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

Tachylyte

Tach"y*lyte (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A vitreous form of basalt; -- so called because decompposable by acids and readily fusible.

Tacit

Tac"it (?), a. [L. tacitus, p.p. of tacere to be silent, to pass over in silence; akin to Goth. to be silent, Icel. , OHG. dag\'c7n: cf. F. tacite. Cf. Reticent.] Done or made in silence; implied, but not expressed; silent; as, tacit consent is consent by silence, or by not interposing an objection. -- Tac"it*ly, adv.
The tacit and secret theft of abusing our brother in civil contracts. Jer. Taylor.

Taciturn

Tac"i*turn (?), a. [L. taciturnus: cf. F. taciturne. See Tacit.] Habitually silent; not given to converse; not apt to talk or speak. -- Tac"i*turn*ly, adv. Syn. -- Silent; reserved. Taciturn, Silent. Silent has reference to the act; taciturn, to the habit. A man may be silent from circumstances; he is taciturn from disposition. The loquacious man is at times silent; one who is taciturn may now and then make an effort at conversation.

Taciturnity

Tac`i*tur"ni*ty (?), n. [L. taciturnitas: cf. F. taciturnit\'82.] Habilual silence, or reserve in speaking.
The cause of Addison's taciturnity was a natural diffidence in the company of strangers. V. Knox.
The taciturnity and the short answers which gave so much offense. Macaulay.

Tack

Tack (?), n. [From an old or dialectal form of F. tache. See Techy.]

1. A stain; a tache. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. L. tactus.] A peculiar flavor or taint; as, a musty tack. [Obs. or Colloq.] Drayton.

Tack

Tack, n. [OE. tak, takke, a fastening; akin to D. tak a branch, twig, G. zacke a twig, prong, spike, Dan. takke a tack, spike; cf. also Sw. tagg prickle, point, Icel. t\'beg a willow twig, Ir. taca a peg, nail, fastening, Gael. tacaid, Armor. & Corn. tach; perhaps akin to E. take. Cf. Attach, Attack, Detach, Tag an end, Zigzag.]

1. A small, short, sharp-pointed nail, usually having a broad, flat head.

2. That which is attached; a supplement; an appendix. See Tack, v. t., 3. Macaulay.

Some tacks had been made to money bills in King Charles's time. Bp. Burnet.
Page 1468

3. (Naut.) (a) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the courses when the vessel is closehauled (see Illust. of Ship); also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom. (b) The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened; the foremost lower corner of fore-and-aft sails, as of schooners (see Illust. of Sail). (c) The direction of a vessel in regard to the trim of her sails; as, the starboard tack, or port tack; -- the former when she is closehauled with the wind on her starboard side; hence, the run of a vessel on one tack; also, a change of direction.

4. (Scots Law) A contract by which the use of a thing is set, or let, for hire; a lease. Burrill.

5. Confidence; reliance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tack of a flag (Naut.), a line spliced into the eye at the foot of the hoist for securing the flag to the halyards. -- Tack pins (Naut.), belaying pins; -- also called jack pins. -- To haul the tacks aboard (Naut.), to set the courses. -- To hold tack, to last or hold out. Milton.

Tack

Tack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tacking.] [Cf. OD. tacken to touch, take, seize, fix, akin to E. take. See Tack a small nail.]

1. To fasten or attach. "In hopes of getting some commendam tacked to their sees." Swift.

And tacks the center to the sphere. Herbert.

2. Especially, to attach or secure in a slight or hasty manner, as by stitching or nailing; as, to tack together the sheets of a book; to tack one piece of cloth to another; to tack on a board or shingle; to tack one piece of metal to another by drops of solder.

3. In parliamentary usage, to add (a supplement) to a bill; to append; -- often with on or to. Macaulay.

4. (Naut.) To change the direction of (a vessel) when sailing closehauled, by putting the helm alee and shifting the tacks and sails so that she will proceed to windward nearly at right angles to her former course. &hand; In tacking, a vessel is brought to point at first directly to windward, and then so that the wind will blow against the other side.

Tack

Tack, v. i. (Naut.) To change the direction of a vessel by shifting the position of the helm and sails; also (as said of a vessel), to have her direction changed through the shifting of the helm and sails. See Tack, v. t., 4.
Monk, . . . when he wanted his ship to tack to larboard, moved the mirth of his crew by calling out, "Wheel to the left." Macaulay.

Tacker

Tack"er (?), n. One who tacks.

Tacket

Tack"et (?), n. [Dim. of tack a small nail.] A small, broad-headed nail. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tackey

Tack"ey (?), a. & n. See Tacky.

Tacking

Tack"ing, n. (Law) A union of securities given at different times, all of which must be redeemed before an intermediate purchaser can interpose his claim. Bouvier. &hand; The doctrine of tacking is not recognized in American law. Kent.

Tackle

Tac"kle (?; sometimes improperly pronounced ?, especially by seamen), n. [OE. takel, akin to LG. & D. takel, Dan. takkel, Sw. tackel; perhaps akin to E. taw, v.t., or to take.]

1. Apparatus for raising or lowering heavy weights, consisting of a rope and pulley blocks; sometimes, the rope and attachments, as distinct from the block.

2. Any instruments of action; an apparatus by which an object is moved or operated; gear; as, fishing tackle, hunting tackle; formerly, specifically, weapons. "She to her tackle fell." Hudibras. &hand; In Chaucer, it denotes usually an arrow or arrows.

3. (Naut.) The rigging and apparatus of a ship; also, any purchase where more than one block is used.

Fall and tackle. See the Note under Pulley. -- Fishing tackle. See under Fishing, a. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), anchors, cables, etc. -- Gun tackle, the apparatus or appliances for hauling cannon in or out. -- Tackle fall, the rope, or rather the end of the rope, of a tackle, to which the power is applied. -- Tack tackle (Naut.), a small tackle to pull down the tacks of the principal sails. -- Tackle board, Tackle post (Ropemaking), a board, frame, or post, at the end of a ropewalk, for supporting the spindels, or whirls, for twisting the yarns.

Tackle

Tac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tackling.] [Cf. LG. takeln to equip. See Tackle, n.]

1. To supply with tackle. Beau. & Fl.

2. To fasten or attach, as with a tackle; to harness; as, to tackle a horse into a coach or wagon. [Colloq.]

3. To seize; to lay hold of; to grapple; as, a wrestler tackles his antagonist; a dog tackles the game.

The greatest poetess of our day has wasted her time and strength in tackling windmills under conditions the most fitted to insure her defeat. Dublin Univ. Mag.
<-- 4. (Football) To cause the ball carrier to fall to the ground, thus ending the forward motion of the ball. 5. To begin to deal with; as, to tackle the problem. -->

Tackled

Tac"kled (?), a. Made of ropes tacked together.
My man shall be with thee, And bring thee cords made like a tackled stair. Shak.

Tackling

Tac"kling, n. (Naut.)

1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a vessel, as cordage, sails, etc.

2. Instruments of action; as, fishing tackling. Walton.

3. The straps and fixures adjusted to an animal, by which he draws a carriage, or the like; harness.

Tacksman

Tacks"man (?), n.; pl. Tacksmen (. (Scots Law) One who holds a tack or lease from another; a tenant, or lessee. Sir W. Scott.
The tacksmen, who formed what may be called the "peerage" of the little community, must be the captains. Macaulay.

Tacky

Tack"y (?), a. [Cf. Techy, Tack a spot.] Sticky; adhesive; raw; -- said of paint, varnish, etc., when not well dried. [U. S.] <-- 2. In poor taste; appearing cheap; gaudy; unstylish. Broadly used to describe objects whose style is disapproved of by the speaker. 3. Tactless; in poor taste; -- used to describe behavior. -->

Taconic

Ta*con"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Designating, or pertaining to, the series of rocks forming the Taconic mountains in Western New England. They were once supposed to be older than the Cambrian, but later proved to belong to the Lower Silurian and Cambrian.

Tact

Tact (?), n. [L. tactus a touching, touch, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch: cf. F. tact. See Tangent.]

1. The sense of touch; feeling.

Did you suppose that I could not make myself sensible to tact as well as sight? Southey.
Now, sight is a very refined tact. J. Le Conte.

2. (Mus.) The stroke in beating time.

3. Sensitive mental touch; peculiar skill or faculty; nice perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances.

He had formed plans not inferior in grandeur and boldness to those of Richelieu, and had carried them into effect with a tact and wariness worthy of Mazarin. Macaulay.
A tact which surpassed the tact of her sex as much as the tact of her sex surpassed the tact of ours. Macaulay.

Tactable

Tac"ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being touched; tangible. [R.] "They [women] being created to be both tractable and tactable." Massinger.

Tactic, Tactical

Tac"tic (?), Tac"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. tactics.] Of or pertaining to the art of military and naval tactics. -- Tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

Tactic

Tac"tic (?), n. See Tactics.

Tactician

Tac*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. tacticien.] One versed in tactics; hence, a skillful maneuverer; an adroit manager. <-- as, a skilled parliamentary tactician. -->

Tactics

Tac"tics (?), n. [Gr. tactique.]

1. The science and art of disposing military and naval forces in order for battle, and performing military and naval evolutions. It is divided into grand tactics, or the tactics of battles, and elementary tactics, or the tactics of instruction.

2. Hence, any system or method of procedure.

Tactile

Tac"tile (?), a. [L. tactilis, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch: cf. F. tactile.] Of or pertaining to the organs, or the sense, of touch; perceiving, or perceptible, by the touch; capable of being touched; as, tactile corpuscles; tactile sensations. "Tactile sweets." Beaumont. "Tactile qualities." Sir M. Hale. Tactile sense (Physiol.), the sense of touch, or pressure sense. See Touch.
The delicacy of the tactile sense varies on different parts of the skin; it is geatest on the forehead, temples and back of the forearm. H. N. Martin.

Tactility

Tac*til"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tactilit\'82.] The quality or state of being tactile; perceptibility by touch; tangibleness.

Taction

Tac"tion (?), n. [L. tactio, from tangere, tactum, to touch.] The act of touching; touch; contact; tangency. "External taction." Chesterfield.

Tactless

Tact"less (?), a. Destitute of tact.

Tactual

Tac"tu*al (?), a. [See Tact.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the sense, or the organs, of touch; derived from touch.
In the lowest organisms we have a kind of tactual sense diffused over the entire body. Tyndall.

Tadpole

Tad"pole` (?), n. [OE. tadde toad (AS. t\'bedie, t\'bedige) + poll; properly, a toad that is or seems all head. See Toad, and Poll.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The young aquatic larva of any amphibian. In this stage it breathes by means of external or internal gills, is at first destitute of legs, and has a finlike tail. Called also polliwig, polliwog, porwiggle, or purwiggy.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]

Tadpole fish. (Zo\'94l.) See Forkbeard (a).

T\'91dium

T\'91"di*um (?), n. [L.] See Tedium.

Tael

Tael (?), n. [Malay ta, a certain weight, probably fr. Hind. tola, Skr. tul\'be a balance, weight, tul to weigh.] A denomination of money, in China, worth nearly six shillings sterling, or about a dollar and forty cents; also, a weight of one ounce and a third. [Written also tale.]

Taen, ∨ Ta'en

Taen (?), ∨ Ta'en, p. p. of Ta, to take, or a contraction of Taken. [Poetic & Scot.] Burns.

T\'91nia

T\'91"ni*a (?), n.; pl. T\'91ni\'91 (#). [L., a ribbon, a tapeworm.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of intestinal worms which includes the common tapeworms of man. See Tapeworm.

2. (Anat.) A band; a structural line; -- applied to several bands and lines of nervous matter in the brain.

3. (Arch.) The fillet, or band, at the bottom of a Doric frieze, separating it from the architrave.

T\'91niada

T\'91*ni"a*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as T\'91nioidea.

T\'91niata

T\'91`ni*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. taenia a ribbon.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Ctenophora including those which have a long, ribbonlike body. The Venus's girdle is the most familiar example.

T\'91nidium

T\'91*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl. T\'91nidia (#). [NL., dim. fr. L. taenia a ribbon.] (Zo\'94l.) The chitinous fiber forming the spiral thread of the trache\'91 of insects. See Illust. of Trachea.

T\'91nioglossa

T\'91`ni*o*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of gastropod mollusks in which the odontophore is long and narrow, and usually bears seven rows of teeth. It includes a large number of families both marine and fresh-water.

T\'91nioglossate

T\'91`ni*o*glos"sate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the T\'91nioglossa.

T\'91nioid

T\'91"ni*oid (?), a. [T\'91nia + -oid.]

1. Ribbonlike; shaped like a ribbon.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to T\'91nia.

T\'91nioidea

T\'91`ni*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The division of cestode worms which comprises the tapeworms. See Tapeworm.

T\'91niola

T\'91*ni"o*la (?), n.; pl. T\'91niol\'91 (#). [L., dim. of taenia a ribbon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the radial partitions which separate the internal cavities of certain medus\'91.

T\'91niosomi

T\'91`ni*o*so"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes remarkable for their long and compressed form. The ribbon fishes are examples. See Ribbon fish, under Ribbon.

Tafferer

Taf"fer*er (?), n. (Naut.) See Taffrail.

Taffeta, Taffety

Taf"fe*ta (?), Taf"fe*ty (?), n. [F. taffetas, It. taffet\'85, from Per. t\'beftah, originally, twisted, woven, from t\'beftan to twist, to spin.] A fine, smooth stuff of silk, having usually the wavy luster called watering. The term has also been applied to different kinds of silk goods, from the 16th century to modern times.
Lined with taffeta and with sendal. Chaucer.

Taffrail

Taff"rail (?), n. [D. tafereel a panel, picture, fr. tafel table, fr. L. tabula. See Table.] (Naut.) The upper part of a ship's stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes ornamented with carved work; the rail around a ship's stern. [Written also tafferel.]

Taffy

Taf"fy (?), n. [Prov. E. taffy toffy.]

1. A kind of candy made of molasses or brown sugar boiled down and poured out in shallow pans. [Written also, in England, toffy.]

2. Flattery; soft phrases. [Slang]

Tafia

Taf"i*a (?), n. [Cf. F. & Sp. tafia, It. taffia; fr. Malay t\'bef\'c6a a spirit distilled from molasses. Cf. Ratafia.] A variety of rum. [West Indies]

Tag

Tag (?), n. [Probably akin to tack a small nail; cf. Sw. tagg a prickle, point, tooth.]

1. Any slight appendage, as to an article of dress; something slight hanging loosely; specifically, a direction card, or label.

2. A metallic binding, tube, or point, at the end of a string, or lace, to stiffen it.

3. The end, or catchword, of an actor's speech; cue.

4. Something mean and paltry; the rabble. [Obs.]

Tag and rag, the lowest sort; the rabble. Holinshed.

5. A sheep of the first year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. <-- Tag sale. [From the price tag usually attached to each item] A sale of usually used items (such as furniture, clothing, household items or bric-a-brac), conducted by one or a small group of individuals, at a location which is not a normal retail establishment. Frequently it is held in the private home or in a yard attached to a private home belonging to the seller. Similar to a yard sale or garage sale. Compare flea market, where used items are sold by many individuals in a place rented for the purpose. -->

Tag

Tag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tagging (?).]

1. To fit with, or as with, a tag or tags.

He learned to make long-tagged thread laces. Macaulay.
His courteous host . . . Tags every sentence with some fawning word. Dryden.

2. To join; to fasten; to attach. Bolingbroke.

3. To follow closely after; esp., to follow and touch in the game of tag. See Tag, a play.

Tag

Tag, v. i. To follow closely, as it were an appendage; -- often with after; as, to tag after a person.

Tag

Tag, n. [From Tag, v.; cf. Tag, an end.] A child's play in which one runs after and touches another, and then runs away to avoid being touched.

Tagbelt

Tag"belt` (?), n. (Far.) Same as Tagsore. [Obs.]

Tagger

Tag"ger (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, appends or joins one thing to another.

2. That which is pointed like a tag.

Hedgehogs' or procupines' small taggers. Cotton.

3. pl. Sheets of tin or other plate which run below the gauge. Knight.

4. A device for removing taglocks from sheep. Knight. <-- [Colloq.] One who spray-paints a distinctive logo on a wall or other property not his own. -->

Taglet

Tag"let (?), n. A little tag.

Taglia

Tagl"ia (?), n. [It., a cutting, a pulley, from tagliare to cut. See Tailor.] (Mech.) A peculiar combination of pulleys. Brande & C.

Tagliacotain

Tagl`ia*co"tain (?), a. (Surg.) Of or pertaining to Tagliacozzi, a Venetian surgeon; as, the Tagliacotian operation, a method of rhinoplasty described by him. [Also Taliacotian, and Tagliacozzian.]

Taglioni

Tagl*io"ni (?), n. A kind of outer coat, or overcoat; -- said to be so named after a celebrated Italian family of professional dancers.
He ought certainly to exchange his taglioni, or comfortable greatcoat, for a cuirass of steel. Sir W. Scott.

Taglock

Tag"lock` (?), n. An entangled lock, as of hair or wool. Nares.

Tagnicate

Tag"ni*cate (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The white-lipped peccary.

Tag-rag

Tag"-rag` (?), n. & a. [See Tag an end, and Rag.] The lowest class of people; the rabble. Cf. Rag, tag, and bobtail, under Bobtail.
If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, I am no true man. Shak.

Tagsore

Tag"sore` (?), n. (Far.) Adhesion of the tail of a sheep to the wool from excoriation produced by contact with the feces; -- called also tagbelt. [Obs.]

Tagtail

Tag"tail` (?), n.

1. A worm which has its tail conspicuously colored.

2. A person who attaches himself to another against the will of the latter; a hanger-on.

Taguan

Tag"u*an (?), n. [From the native name in the East Indies.] (Zo\'94l.) A large flying squirrel (Pteromys petuarista). Its body becomes two feet long, with a large bushy tail nearly as long.
Page 1469

Taguicati

Ta`gui*ca"ti (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The white-lipped peccary.

Taha

Ta"ha (?), n. The African rufous-necked weaver bird (Hyphantornis texor).

Tahaleb

Ta*ha"leb (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A fox (Vulpes Niloticus) of Northern Africa.

Tahitian

Ta*hi"ti*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tahiti, an island in the Pacific Ocean. -- n. A native inhabitant of Tahiti.

Tahr

Tahr (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Thar.

Tail

Tail (?), n. [F. taille a cutting. See Entail, Tally.] (Law) Limitation; abridgment. Burrill. Estate in tail, a limited, abridged, or reduced fee; an estate limited to certain heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded; -- called also estate tail. Blackstone.

Tail

Tail, a. (Law) Limited; abridged; reduced; curtailed; as, estate tail.

Tail

Tail, n. [AS. t\'91gel, t\'91gl; akin to G. zagel, Icel. tagl, Sw. tagel, Goth. tagl hair. \'fb59.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The terminal, and usually flexible, posterior appendage of an animal. &hand; The tail of mammals and reptiles contains a series of movable vertebr\'91, and is covered with flesh and hairs or scales like those of other parts of the body. The tail of existing birds consists of several more or less consolidated vertebr\'91 which supports a fanlike group of quills to which the term tail is more particularly applied. The tail of fishes consists of the tapering hind portion of the body ending in a caudal fin. The term tail is sometimes applied to the entire abdomen of a crustacean or insect, and sometimes to the terminal piece or pygidium alone.

2. Any long, flexible terminal appendage; whatever resembles, in shape or position, the tail of an animal, as a catkin.

Doretus writes a great praise of the distilled waters of those tails that hang on willow trees. Harvey.

3. Hence, the back, last, lower, or inferior part of anything, -- as opposed to the head, or the superior part.

The Lord will make thee the head, and not the tail. Deut. xxviii. 13.

4. A train or company of attendants; a retinue.

"Ah," said he, "if you saw but the chief with his tail on." Sir W. Scott.

5. The side of a coin opposite to that which bears the head, effigy, or date; the reverse; -- rarely used except in the expression "heads or tails," employed when a coin is thrown up for the purpose of deciding some point by its fall.

6. (Anat.) The distal tendon of a muscle.

7. (Bot.) A downy or feathery appendage to certain achens. It is formed of the permanent elongated style.

8. (Surg.) (a) A portion of an incision, at its beginning or end, which does not go through the whole thickness of the skin, and is more painful than a complete incision; -- called also tailing. (b) One of the strips at the end of a bandage formed by splitting the bandage one or more times.

9. (Naut.) A rope spliced to the strap of a block, by which it may be lashed to anything.

10. (Mus.) The part of a note which runs perpendicularly upward or downward from the head; the stem. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

11. pl. Same as Tailing, 4.

12. (Arch.) The bottom or lower portion of a member or part, as a slate or tile.

13. pl. (Mining) See Tailing, n., 5.

Tail beam. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail coverts (Zo\'94l.), the feathers which cover the bases of the tail quills. They are sometimes much longer than the quills, and form elegant plumes. Those above the quills are called the upper tail coverts, and those below, the under tail coverts. -- Tail end, the latter end; the termination; as, the tail end of a contest. [Colloq.] -- Tail joist. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail of a comet (Astron.), a luminous train extending from the nucleus or body, often to a great distance, and usually in a direction opposite to the sun. -- Tail of a gale (Naut.), the latter part of it, when the wind has greatly abated. Totten. -- Tail of a lock (on a canal), the lower end, or entrance into the lower pond. -- Tail of the trenches (Fort.), the post where the besiegers begin to break ground, and cover themselves from the fire of the place, in advancing the lines of approach. -- Tail spindle, the spindle of the tailstock of a turning lathe; -- called also dead spindle. -- To turn tail, to run away; to flee.
Would she turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out another way; but all was to return in a higher pitch. Sir P. Sidney.

Tail

Tail, v. t.

1. To follow or hang to, like a tail; to be attached closely to, as that which can not be evaded. [Obs.]

Nevertheless his bond of two thousand pounds, wherewith he was tailed, continued uncanceled, and was called on the next Parliament. Fuller.

2. To pull or draw by the tail. [R.] Hudibras.

To tail in ∨ on (Arch.), to fasten by one of the ends into a wall or some other support; as, to tail in a timber.

Tail

Tail, v. i.

1. (Arch.) To hold by the end; -- said of a timber when it rests upon a wall or other support; -- with in or into.

2. (Naut.) To swing with the stern in a certain direction; -- said of a vessel at anchor; as, this vessel tails down stream.

Tail on. (Naut.) See Tally on, under Tally.

Tailage

Tail"age (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) See Tallage.

Tail-bay

Tail"-bay` (?), n.

1. (Arch.) One of the joists which rest one end on the wall and the other on a girder; also, the space between a wall and the nearest girder of a floor. Cf. Case-bay.

2. The part of a canal lock below the lower gates.

Tailblock

Tail"block` (?), n. (Naut.) A block with a tail. See Tail, 9.

Tailboard

Tail"board` (?), n. The board at the rear end of a cart or wagon, which can be removed or let down, for convenience in loading or unloading.

Tailed

Tailed (?), a. Having a tail; having (such) a tail or (so many) tails; -- chiefly used in composition; as, bobtailed, longtailed, etc.
Snouted and tailed like a boar. Grew.

Tailing

Tail"ing (?), n.

1. (Arch.) The part of a projecting stone or brick inserted in a wall. Gwilt.

2. (Surg.) Same as Tail, n., 8 (a).

3. Sexual intercourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. pl. The lighter parts of grain separated from the seed threshing and winnowing; chaff.

5. pl. (Mining) The refuse part of stamped ore, thrown behind the tail of the buddle or washing apparatus. It is dressed over again to secure whatever metal may exist in it. Called also tails. Pryce.

Taille

Taille (?), n. [F. See Tally, Tailor.]

1. A tally; an account scored on a piece of wood. [Obs.]

Whether that he paid or took by taille. Chaucer.

2. (O. F. Law) Any imposition levied by the king, or any other lord, upon his subjects.

The taille, as it still subsists in France, may serve as an example of those ancient tallages. It was a tax upon the profits of the farmer, which they estimate by the stock that he has upon the farm. A. Smith.

3. (Mus.) The French name for the tenor voice or part; also, for the tenor viol or viola.

Tailless

Tail"less (?), a. Having no tail. H. Spencer.

Taillie

Tail"lie (?), n. (Scots Law) Same as Tailzie.

Tailor

Tai"lor (?), n. [OF. tailleor, F. tailleur, fr. OF. taillier, F. tailler to cut, fr. L. talea a rod, stick, a cutting, layer for planting. Cf. Detail, Entail, Retail, Tally, n.]

1. One whose occupation is to cut out and make men's garments; also, one who cuts out and makes ladies' outer garments.

Well said, good woman's tailor . . . I would thou wert a man's tailor. Shak.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mattowacca; -- called also tailor herring. (b) The silversides.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The goldfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Salt-water tailor (Zo\'94l.), the bluefish. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett. -- Tailor bird (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small Asiatic and East Indian singing birds belonging to Orthotomus, Prinia, and allied genera. They are noted for the skill with which they sew leaves together to form nests. The common Indian species are O. longicauda, which has the back, scapulars, and upper tail coverts yellowish green, and the under parts white; and the golden-headed tailor bird (O. coronatus), which has the top of the head golden yellow and the back and wings pale olive-green.

Tailor

Tai"lor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tailored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tailoring.] To practice making men's clothes; to follow the business of a tailor.
These tailoring artists for our lays Invent cramped rules. M. Green.

Tailoress

Tai"lor*ess, n. A female tailor.

Tailoring

Tai"lor*ing, adv. The business or the work of a tailor or a tailoress.

Tailpiece

Tail"piece` (?), n.

1. A piece at the end; an appendage.

2. (Arch.) One of the timbers which tail into a header, in floor framing. See Illust. of Header.

3. (Print.) An ornament placed at the bottom of a short page to fill up the space, or at the end of a book. Savage.

4. A piece of ebony or other material attached to the lower end of a violin or similar instrument, to which the strings are fastened.

Tailpin

Tail"pin" (?), n. (Mach.) The center in the spindle of a turning lathe.

Tailrace

Tail"race` (?), n.

1. See Race, n., 6.

2. (Mining) The channel in which tailings, suspended in water, are conducted away.

Tailstock

Tail"stock` (?), n. The sliding block or support, in a lathe, which carries the dead spindle, or adjustable center. The headstock supports the live spindle.

Tail-water

Tail"-wa`ter (?), n. Water in a tailrace.

Tailzie

Tail"zie (-z&icr; ∨ -y&icr;), n. [F. tailler to cut. See Tail a limitation.] (Scots Law) An entailment or deed whereby the legal course of succession is cut off, and an arbitrary one substituted. [Written also tailzee.]

Tain

Tain (?), n. [OE. tein, teyne; cf. Icel. teinn a twig, akin to AS. t\'ben, Goth. tains.] Thin tin plate; also, tin foil for mirrors. Knight.

Taint

Taint (?), n. [Cf. F. atteinte a blow, bit, stroke. See Attaint.]

1. A thrust with a lance, which fails of its intended effect. [Obs.]

This taint he followed with his sword drawn from a silver sheath. Chapman.

2. An injury done to a lance in an encounter, without its being broken; also, a breaking of a lance in an encounter in a dishonorable or unscientific manner. [Obs.]

Taint

Taint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tainted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tainting.] To thrust ineffectually with a lance. [Obs.]

Taint

Taint, v. t.

1. To injure, as a lance, without breaking it; also, to break, as a lance, but usually in an unknightly or unscientific manner. [Obs.]

Do not fear; I have A staff to taint, and bravely. Massinger.

2. To hit or touch lightly, in tilting. [Obs.]

They tainted each other on the helms and passed by. Ld. Berners.

Taint

Taint, v. t. [F. teint, p.p. of teindre to dye, tinge, fr. L. tingere, tinctum. See Tinge, and cf. Tint.]

1. To imbue or impregnate with something extraneous, especially with something odious, noxious, or poisonous; hence, to corrupt; to infect; to poison; as, putrid substance taint the air.

2. Fig.: To stain; to sully; to tarnish.

His unkindness may defeat my life, But never taint my love. Shak.
Syn. -- To contaminate; defile; pollute; corrupt; infect; disease; vitiate; poison.

Taint

Taint (?), v. i.

1. To be infected or corrupted; to be touched with something corrupting.

I can not taint with fear. Shak.

2. To be affected with incipient putrefaction; as, meat soon taints in warm weather.

Taint

Taint, n.

1. Tincture; hue; color; tinge. [Obs.]

2. Infection; corruption; deprivation.

He had inherited from his parents a scrofulous taint, which it was beyond the power of medicine to remove. Macaulay.

3. A blemish on reputation; stain; spot; disgrace.

Taintless

Taint"less, a. Free from taint or infection; pure.

Taintlessly

Taint"less*ly, adv. In a taintless manner.

Tainture

Tain"ture (?), n. [F. teinture. See Taint to stain, and cf. Tincture.] Taint; tinge; difilement; stain; spot. [R.] Shak.

Taintworm

Taint"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A destructive parasitic worm or insect larva.

Taira

Tai"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tayra.

Tairn

Tairn (?), n. See Tarn. Coleridge.

Tait

Tait (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small nocturnal and arboreal Australian marsupial (Tarsipes rostratus) about the size of a mouse. It has a long muzzle, a long tongue, and very few teeth, and feeds upon honey and insects. Called also noolbenger.

Taja\'87u, Tajassu

Ta*ja\'87"u, Ta*jas"su (?), n. [Pg. taja\'87\'a3, from Braz. taya\'87\'a3 a hog or swine.] (Zo\'94l.) The common, or collared, peccary.

Take

Take (?), obs. p. p. of Take. Taken. Chaucer.
Page 1470

Take

Take, v. t. [imp. Took (?); p. p. Takend (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taking.] [Icel. taka; akin to Sw. taga, Dan. tage, Goth. t\'c7kan to touch; of uncertain origin.]

1. In an active sense; To lay hold of; to seize with the hands, or otherwise; to grasp; to get into one's hold or possession; to procure; to seize and carry away; to convey. Hence, specifically: -- (a) To obtain possession of by force or artifice; to get the custody or control of; to reduce into subjection to one's power or will; to capture; to seize; to make prisoner; as, to take am army, a city, or a ship; also, to come upon or befall; to fasten on; to attack; to seize; -- said of a disease, misfortune, or the like.

This man was taken of the Jews. Acts xxiii. 27.
Men in their loose, unguarded hours they take; Not that themselves are wise, but others weak. Pope.
They that come abroad after these showers are commonly taken with sickness. Bacon.
There he blasts the tree and takes the cattle And makes milch kine yield blood. Shak.
(b) To gain or secure the interest or affection of; to captivate; to engage; to interest; to charm.
Neither let her take thee with her eyelids. Prov. vi. 25.
Cleombroutus was so taken with this prospect, that he had no patience. Wake.
I know not why, but there was a something in those half-seen features, -- a charm in the very shadow that hung over their imagined beauty, -- which took me more than all the outshining loveliness of her companions. Moore.
(c) To make selection of; to choose; also, to turn to; to have recourse to; as, to take the road to the right.
Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken. 1 Sam. xiv. 42.
The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take for the destroying . . . of sinners. Hammond.
(d) To employ; to use; to occupy; hence, to demand; to require; as, it takes so much cloth to make a coat.
This man always takes time . . . before he passes his judgments. I. Watts.
(e) To form a likeness of; to copy; to delineate; to picture; as, to take picture of a person.
Beauty alone could beauty take so right. Dryden.
(f) To draw; to deduce; to derive. [R.]
The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting happiness and misery. Tillotson.
(g) To assume; to adopt; to acquire, as shape; to permit to one's self; to indulge or engage in; to yield to; to have or feel; to enjoy or experience, as rest, revenge, delight, shame; to form and adopt, as a resolution; -- used in general senses, limited by a following complement, in many idiomatic phrases; as, to take a resolution; I take the liberty to say. (h) To lead; to conduct; as, to take a child to church. (i) To carry; to convey; to deliver to another; to hand over; as, he took the book to the bindery.
He took me certain gold, I wot it well. Chaucer.
(k) To remove; to withdraw; to deduct; -- with from; as, to take the breath from one; to take two from four.

2. In a somewhat passive sense, to receive; to bear; to endure; to acknowledge; to accept. Specifically: -- (a) To accept, as something offered; to receive; not to refuse or reject; to admit.

Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer. Num. xxxv. 31.
Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore. 1 Tim. v. 10.
(b) To receive as something to be eaten or dronk; to partake of; to swallow; as, to take food or wine. (c) Not to refuse or balk at; to undertake readily; to clear; as, to take a hedge or fence. (d) To bear without ill humor or resentment; to submit to; to tolerate; to endure; as, to take a joke; he will take an affront from no man. (e) To admit, as, something presented to the mind; not to dispute; to allow; to accept; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to understand; to interpret; to regard or look upon; to consider; to suppose; as, to take a thing for granted; this I take to be man's motive; to take men for spies.
You take me right. Bacon.
Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the science love of God and our neighbor. Wake.
[He] took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in a disguise. South.
You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl. Tate.
(f) To accept the word or offer of; to receive and accept; to bear; to submit to; to enter into agreement with; -- used in general senses; as, to take a form or shape.
I take thee at thy word. Rowe.
Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command; . . . Not take the mold. Dryden.
To be taken aback, To take advantage of, To take air, etc. See under Aback, Advantage, etc. -- To take aim, to direct the eye or weapon; to aim. -- To take along, to carry, lead, or convey. -- To take arms, to commence war or hostilities. -- To take away, to carry off; to remove; to cause deprivation of; to do away with; as, a bill for taking away the votes of bishops. "By your own law, I take your life away." Dryden. -- To take breath, to stop, as from labor, in order to breathe or rest; to recruit or refresh one's self. -- To take care, to exercise care or vigilance; to be solicitous. "Doth God take care for oxen?" 1 Cor. ix. 9. -- To take care of, to have the charge or care of; to care for; to superintend or oversee. -- To take down. (a) To reduce; to bring down, as from a high, or higher, place; as, to take down a book; hence, to bring lower; to depress; to abase or humble; as, to take down pride, or the proud. "I never attempted to be impudent yet, that I was not taken down." Goldsmith. (b) To swallow; as, to take down a potion. (c) To pull down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold. (d) To record; to write down; as, to take down a man's words at the time he utters them. -- To take effect, To take fire. See under Effect, and Fire. -- To take ground to the right ∨ to the left (Mil.), to extend the line to the right or left; to move, as troops, to the right or left. -- To take heart, to gain confidence or courage; to be encouraged. -- To take heed, to be careful or cautious. "Take heed what doom against yourself you give." Dryden. -- To take heed to, to attend with care, as, take heed to thy ways. -- To take hold of, to seize; to fix on. -- To take horse, to mount and ride a horse. -- To take in. (a) To inclose; to fence. (b) To encompass or embrace; to comprise; to comprehend. (c) To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail. (d) To cheat; to circumvent; to gull; to deceive. [Colloq.] (e) To admit; to receive; as, a leaky vessel will take in water. (f) To win by conquest. [Obs.]
For now Troy's broad-wayed town He shall take in. Chapman.
(g) To receive into the mind or understanding. "Some bright genius can take in a long train of propositions." I. Watts. (h) To receive regularly, as a periodical work or newspaper; to take. [Eng.] -- To take in hand. See under Hand. -- To take in vain, to employ or utter as in an oath. "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain." Ex. xx. 7. -- To take issue. See under Issue. -- To take leave. See Leave, n., 2. -- To take a newspaper, magazine, or the like, to receive it regularly, as on paying the price of subscription. -- To take notice, to observe, or to observe with particular attention. -- To take notice of. See under Notice. -- To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner. -- To take off. (a) To remove, as from the surface or outside; to remove from the top of anything; as, to take off a load; to take off one's hat. (b) To cut off; as, to take off the head, or a limb. (c) To destroy; as, to take off life. (d) To remove; to invalidate; as, to take off the force of an argument. (e) To withdraw; to call or draw away. Locke. (f) To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine. (g) To purchase; to take in trade. "The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take off." Locke. (h) To copy; to reproduce. "Take off all their models in wood." Addison. (i) To imitate; to mimic; to personate. (k) To find place for; to dispose of; as, more scholars than preferments can take off. [R.] Bacon. <-- to begin to fly; -- said of an airplane, or of a person operating an airplane or other flying device. --> -- To take on, to assume; to take upon one's self; as, to take on a character or responsibility. -- To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the measures of one's own choice. -- To take order for. See under Order. -- To take order with, to check; to hinder; to repress. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take orders. (a) To receive directions or commands. (b) (Eccl.) To enter some grade of the ministry. See Order, n., 10. -- To take out. (a) To remove from within a place; to separate; to deduct. (b) To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to take out a stain or spot from cloth. (c) To produce for one's self; as, to take out a patent. <-- "produce"?? better, "obtain" --> (d) To put an end to; as, to take the conceit out of a man. (e) To escort; as, to take out to dinner.<-- usu. paying the expenses --> -- To take over, to undertake; to take the management of. [Eng.] Cross (Life of G. Eliot). -- To take part, to share; as, they take part in our rejoicing. -- To take part with, to unite with; to join with.<-- take part in = participate in --> -- To take place, root, sides, stock, etc. See under Place, Root, Side, etc. -- To take the air. (a) (Falconry) To seek to escape by trying to rise higher than the falcon; -- said of a bird. (b) See under Air. -- To take the field. (Mil.) See under Field. -- To take thought, to be concerned or anxious; to be solicitous. Matt. vi. 25, 27. -- To take to heart. See under Heart. -- To take to task, to reprove; to censure. -- <-- to take to the air, to take off. --> To take up. (a) To lift; to raise. Hood. (b) To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large amount; to take up money at the bank. (c) To begin; as, to take up a lamentation. Ezek. xix. 1. (d) To gather together; to bind up; to fasten or to replace; as, to take up raveled stitches; specifically (Surg.), to fasten with a ligature. (e) To engross; to employ; to occupy or fill; as, to take up the time; to take up a great deal of room. (f) To take permanently. "Arnobius asserts that men of the finest parts . . . took up their rest in the Christian religion." Addison. (g) To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief; to take up vagabonds. (h) To admit; to believe; to receive. [Obs.]
The ancients took up experiments upon credit. Bacon.
(i) To answer by reproof; to reprimand; to berate.
One of his relations took him up roundly. L'Estrange.
(k) To begin where another left off; to keep up in continuous succession.
Soon as the evening shades prevail, The moon takes up the wondrous tale. Addison.
<-- The second volume takes up where the first left off. --> (l) To assume; to adopt as one's own; to carry on or manage; as, to take up the quarrels of our neighbors; to take up current opinions. "They take up our old trade of conquering." Dryden. (m) To comprise; to include. "The noble poem of Palemon and Arcite . . . takes up seven years." Dryden. (n) To receive, accept, or adopt for the purpose of assisting; to espouse the cause of; to favor. Ps. xxvii. 10. (o) To collect; to exact, as a tax; to levy; as, to take up a contribution. "Take up commodities upon our bills." Shak. (p) To pay and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank. (q) (Mach.) To remove, as by an adjustment of parts; as, to take up lost motion, as in a bearing; also, to make tight, as by winding, or drawing; as, to take up slack thread in sewing. (r) To make up; to compose; to settle; as, to take up a quarrel. [Obs.] Shak. <-- (s) To accept from someone, as a wager or a challenge. "J. took M. up on his challenge." --> -- To take up arms. Same as To take arms, above. -- To take upon one's self. (a) To assume; to undertake; as, he takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof. (b) To appropriate to one's self; to allow to be imputed to, or inflicted upon, one's self; as, to take upon one's self a punishment. -- To take up the gauntlet. See under Gauntlet.

Take

Take (?), v. i.

1. To take hold; to fix upon anything; to have the natural or intended effect; to accomplish a purpose; as, he was inoculated, but the virus did not take. Shak.

When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise. Bacon.
In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh, but is overcome . . . before it work any manifest effect. Bacon.

2. To please; to gain reception; to succeed.

Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake, And hint he writ it, if the thing should take. Addison.

3. To move or direct the course; to resort; to betake one's self; to proceed; to go; -- usually with to; as, the fox, being hard pressed, took to the hedge.

4. To admit of being pictured, as in a photograph; as, his face does not take well.

To take after. (a) To learn to follow; to copy; to imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern. (b) To resemble; as, the son takes after his father. -- To take in with, to resort to. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take on, to be violently affected; to express grief or pain in a violent manner. -- To take to. (a) To apply one's self to; to be fond of; to become attached to; as, to take to evil practices. "If he does but take to you, . . . you will contract a great friendship with him." Walpole. (b) To resort to; to betake one's self to. "Men of learning, who take to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of the world." Addison. -- To take up. (a) To stop. [Obs.] "Sinners at last take up and settle in a contempt of religion." Tillotson. (b) To reform. [Obs.] Locke. -- To take up with. (a) To be contended to receive; to receive without opposition; to put up with; as, to take up with plain fare. "In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future happiness, we should not take up with probabilities." I. Watts. (b) To lodge with; to dwell with. [Obs.] L'Estrange. -- To take with, to please. Bacon.

Take

Take, n.

1. That which is taken; especially, the quantity of fish captured at one haul or catch.

2. (Print.) The quantity or copy given to a compositor at one time.

Take-in

Take"-in` (?), n. Imposition; fraud. [Colloq.]

Taken

Tak"en (?), p. p. of Take.

Take-off

Take"-off` (?), n. An imitation, especially in the way of caricature.

Taker

Tak"er (?), n. One who takes or receives; one who catches or apprehended.

Take-up

Take"-up` (?), n. (Mach.) That which takes up or tightens; specifically, a device in a sewing machine for drawing up the slack thread as the needle rises, in completing a stitch.

Taking

Tak"ing (?), a.

1. Apt to take; alluring; attracting.

Subtile in making his temptations most taking. Fuller.

2. Infectious; contageous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- Tak"ing*ly, adv. -- Tak"ing*ness, n.

Taking

Tak"ing, n.

1. The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension.

2. Agitation; excitement; distress of mind. [Colloq.]

What a taking was he in, when your husband asked who was in the basket! Shak.

3. Malign influence; infection. [Obs.] Shak.

Taking-off

Tak"ing-off` (?), n. Removal; murder. See To take off (c), under Take, v. t.
The deep damnation of his taking-off. Shak.

Talapoin

Tal"a*poin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small African monkey (Cercopithecus, ∨ Miopithecus, talapoin) -- called also melarhine.

Talaria

Ta*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., from talaris pertaining to the ankles, fr. talus ankle.] (Class. Myth.) Small wings or winged shoes represented as fastened to the ankles, -- chiefly used as an attribute of Mercury.

Talbot

Tal"bot (?), n. A sort of dog, noted for quick scent and eager pursuit of game. [Obs.] Wase (1654). &hand; The figure of a dog is borne in the arms of the Talbot family, whence, perhaps, the name.

Talbotype

Tal"bo*type (?), n. (Photog.) Same as Calotype.

Talc

Talc (?), n. [F. talc; cf. Sp. & It. talco, LL. talcus; all fr. Ar. talq.] (Min.) A soft mineral of a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, usually occurring in foliated masses. It is hydrous silicate of magnesia. Steatite, or soapstone, is a compact granular variety. Indurated talc, an impure, slaty talc, with a nearly compact texture, and greater hardness than common talc; -- called also talc slate.

Talcose, Talcous

Tal*cose" (?), Talc"ous (?), a. [Cf. F. talqueux.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to talc; composed of, or resembling, talc.

Tale

Tale (?), n. See Tael.

Tale

Tale, n. [AS. talu number, speech, narrative; akin to D. taal speech, language, G. zahl number, OHG. zala, Icel. tal, tala, number, speech, Sw. tal, Dan. tal number, tale speech, Goth. talzjan to instruct. Cf. Tell, v. t., Toll a tax, also Talk, v. i.]

1. That which is told; an oral relation or recital; any rehearsal of what has occured; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story. "The tale of Troy divine." Milton. "In such manner rime is Dante's tale." Chaucer.

We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9.

2. A number told or counted off; a reckoning by count; an enumeration; a count, in distinction from measure or weight; a number reckoned or stated.

The ignorant, . . . who measure by tale, and not by weight. Hooker.
And every shepherd tells his tale, Under the hawthornn in the dale. Milton.
In packing, they keep a just tale of the number. Carew.

3. (Law) A count or declaration. [Obs.]

To tell tale of, to make account of. [Obs.]
Therefore little tale hath he told Of any dream, so holy was his heart. Chaucer.
Syn. -- Anecdote; story; fable; incident; memoir; relation; account; legend; narrative.

Tale

Tale (?), v. i. To tell stories. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.

Talebearer

Tale"bear`er (?), n. One who officiously tells tales; one who impertinently or maliciously communicates intelligence, scandal, etc., and makes mischief.
Spies and talebearers, encouraged by her father, did their best to inflame her resentment. Macaulay.

Talebearing

Tale"bear`ing, a. Telling tales officiously.

Talebearing

Tale"bear`ing, n. The act of informing officiously; communication of sectrts, scandal, etc., maliciously.

Taled

Ta"led (?), n. (Jewish Antiq.) A kind of quadrangular piece of cloth put on by the Jews when repeating prayers in the synagogues. Crabb.

Taleful

Tale"ful (?), a. Full of stories. [R.] Thomson.

Talegalla

Tal`e*gal"la (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Australian birds which includes the brush turkey. See Brush turkey.

Talent

Tal"ent (?), n. [F., fr. L. talentum a talent (in sense 1), Gr. tolerare, tollere, to lift up, sustain, endure. See Thole, v. t., Tolerate.]

1. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight and a denomination of money equal to 60 min\'91 or 6,000 drachm\'91. The Attic talent, as a weight, was about 57 lbs. avoirdupois; as a denomination of silver money, its value was \'9c243 15s. sterling, or about $1,180.

Rowing vessel whose burden does not exceed five hundred talents. Jowett (Thucid.).

2. Among the Hebrews, a weight and denomination of money. For silver it was equivalent to 3,000 shekels, and in weight was equal to about 93

3. Inclination; will; disposition; desire. [Obs.]

They rather counseled you to your talent than to your profit. Chaucer.

4. Intellectual ability, natural or acquired; mental endowment or capacity; skill in accomplishing; a special gift, particularly in business, art, or the like; faculty; a use of the word probably originating in the Scripture parable of the talents (Matt. xxv. 14-30).

He is chiefly to be considered in his three different talents, as a critic, a satirist, and a writer of odes. Dryden.
His talents, his accomplishments, his graceful manners, made him generally popular. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Ability; faculty; gift; endowment. See Genius.

Talented

Tal"ent*ed, a. Furnished with talents; possessing skill or talent; mentally gifted. Abp. Abbot (1663). &hand; This word has been strongly objected to by Coleridge and some other critics, but, as it would seem, upon not very good grounds, as the use of talent or talents to signify mental ability, although at first merely metaphorical, is now fully established, and talented, as a formative, is just as analogical and legitimate as gifted, bigoted, moneyed, landed, lilied, honeyed, and numerous other adjectives having a participal form, but derived directly from nouns and not from verbs.

Tales

Ta"les (?), n. [L., pl. of talis such (persons).] (Law) (a) pl. Persons added to a jury, commonly from those in or about the courthouse, to make up any deficiency in the number of jurors regularly summoned, being like, or such as, the latter. Blount. Blackstone. (b) syntactically sing. The writ by which such persons are summoned. Tales book, a book containing the names of such as are admitted of the tales. Blount. Craig. -- Tales de circumstantibus [L.], such, or the like, from those standing about.

Talesman

Tales"man (?), n.; pl. Talesmen (. (Law) A person called to make up a deficiency in the number of jurors when a tales is awarded. Wharton.

Taleteller

Tale"tell`er (?), n. One who tells tales or stories, especially in a mischievous or officious manner; a talebearer; a telltale; a tattler.

Talewise

Tale"wise` (?), adv. In a way of a tale or story.

Taliacotian

Tal"ia*co`tian (?), a. See Tagliacotian.

Taliation

Tal`i*a"tion (?), n. Retaliation. [Obs.]
Just heav'n this taliation did decree. Beaumont.

Talion

Ta"li*on (?), n. [F., fr. L. talio, perh. fr. talis such. Cf. Retaliation.] Retaliation. [R.] Holinshed.

Talipes

Tal"i*pes (?), n. [NL., fr. L. talus an ankle + pes, pedis, a foot; cf. L. talipedare to be weak in the feet, properly, to walk on the ankles.] (Surg.) The deformity called clubfoot. See Clubfoot. &hand; Several varieties are distinguished; as, Talipes varus, in which the foot is drawn up and bent inward; T. valgus, in which the foot is bent outward; T. equinus, in which the sole faces backward and the patient walks upon the balls of the toes; and T. calcaneus (called also talus), in which the sole faces forward and the patient walks upon the heel.

Talipot

Tal"i*pot (?), n. [Hind. t\'belp\'bet the leaf of the tree.] (Bot.) A beautiful tropical palm tree (Corypha umbraculifera), a native of Ceylon and the Malabar coast. It has a trunk sixty or seventy feet high, bearing a crown of gigantic fan-shaped leaves which are used as umbrellas and as fans in ceremonial processions, and, when cut into strips, as a substitute for writing paper.
Page 1471

Talisman

Tal"is*man (?), n.; pl. Talismans (#). [Sp., from Ar. tilism, tilsam, a magical image, pl. tilsam\'ben, fr. Gr.

1. A magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which wonderful effects are ascribed; the seal, figure, character, or image, of a heavenly sign, constellation, or planet, engraved on a sympathetic stone, or on a metal corresponding to the star, in order to receive its influence.

2. Hence, something that produces extraordinary effects, esp. in averting or repelling evil; an amulet; a charm; as, a talisman to avert diseases. Swift.

Talismanic, Talismanical

Tal`is*man"ic (?), Tal`is*man"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. talismanique.] Of or pertaining to a talisman; having the properties of a talisman, or preservative against evils by occult influence; magical.

Talk

Talk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Talked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Talking.] [Cf. LG. talk talk, gabble, Prov. G. talken to speak indistinctly; or OD. tolken to interpret, MHG. tolkan to interpret, to tell, to speak indistinctly, Dan. tolke to interpret, Sw. tolka, Icel. t to interpret, t an interpreter, Lith. tulkas an interpreter, tulkanti, tulk\'d3ti, to interpret, Russ. tolkovate to interpret, to talk about; or perhaps fr. OE. talien to speak (see Tale, v. i. & n.).]

1. To utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts.

I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat with you. Shak.

2. To confer; to reason; to consult.

Let me talk with thee of thy judgments. Jer. xii. 1.

3. To prate; to speak impertinently. [Colloq.]

To talk of, to relate; to tell; to give an account of; as, authors talk of the wonderful remains of Palmyra. "The natural histories of Switzerland talk much of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done." Addison. -- To talk to, to advise or exhort, or to reprove gently; as, I will talk to my son respecting his conduct. [Colloq.]

Talk

Talk, v. t.

1. To speak freely; to use for conversing or communicating; as, to talk French.

2. To deliver in talking; to speak; to utter; to make a subject of conversation; as, to talk nonsense; to talk politics.

3. To consume or spend in talking; -- often followed by away; as, to talk away an evening.

4. To cause to be or become by talking. "They would talk themselves mad." Shak.

To talk over. (a) To talk about; to have conference respecting; to deliberate upon; to discuss; as, to talk over a matter or plan. (b) To change the mind or opinion of by talking; to convince; as, to talk over an opponent.

Talk

Talk, n.

1. The act of talking; especially, familiar converse; mutual discourse; that which is uttered, especially in familiar conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more.

In various talk the instructive hours they passed. Pope.
Their talk, when it was not made up of nautical phrases, was too commonly made up of oaths and curses. Macaulay.

2. Report; rumor; as, to hear talk of war.

I hear a talk up and down of raising our money. Locke.

3. Subject of discourse; as, his achievment is the talk of the town. Syn. -- Conversation; colloquy; discourse; chat; dialogue; conference; communication. See Conversation.

Talkative

Talk"a*tive (?), a. Given to much talking. Syn. -- Garrulous; loquacious. See Garrulous. -- Talk"a*tive*ly, adv. -- Talk"a*tive*ness, n.

Talker

Talk"er (?), n.

1. One who talks; especially, one who is noted for his power of conversing readily or agreeably; a conversationist.

There probably were never four talkers more admirable in four different ways than Johnson, Burke, Beauclerk, and Garrick. Macaulay.

2. A loquacious person, male or female; a prattler; a babbler; also, a boaster; a braggart; -- used in contempt or reproach. Jer. Taylor.

Talking

Talk"ing, a.

1. That talks; able to utter words; as, a talking parrot.

2. Given to talk; loquacious.

The hawthorn bush, with seats beneath the shade, For talking age and whispering lovers made. Goldsmith.

Tall

Tall (?), a. [Compar. Taller (?); superl. Tallest.] [OE. tal seemly, elegant, docile (?); of uncertain origin; cf. AS. un-tala, un-tale, bad, Goth. untals indocile, disobedient, uninstructed, or W. & Corn. tal high, Ir. talla meet, fit, proper, just.]

1. High in stature; having a considerable, or an unusual, extension upward; long and comparatively slender; having the diameter or lateral extent small in proportion to the height; as, a tall person, tree, or mast.

Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton.

2. Brave; bold; courageous. [Obs.]

As tall a trencherman As e'er demolished a pye fortification. Massinger.
His companions, being almost in despair of victory, were suddenly recomforted by Sir William Stanley, which came to succors with three thousand tall men. Grafton.

3. Fine; splendid; excellent; also, extravagant; excessive. [Obs. or Slang] B. Jonson. Syn. -- High; lofty. -- Tall, High, Lofty. High is the generic term, and is applied to anything which is elevated or raised above another thing. Tall specifically describes that which has a small diameter in proportion to its height; hence, we speak of a tall man, a tall steeple, a tall mast, etc., but not of a tall hill. Lofty has a special reference to the expanse above us, and denotes an imposing height; as, a lofty mountain; a lofty room. Tall is now properly applied only to physical objects; high and lofty have a moral acceptation; as, high thought, purpose, etc.; lofty aspirations; a lofty genius. Lofty is the stronger word, and is usually coupled with the grand or admirable.

Tallage, Talliage

Tal"lage (?), Tal"li*age (?), n. [F. taillage. See Taille, and cf. Tailage.] (O. Eng. Law) A certain rate or tax paid by barons, knights, and inferior tenants, toward the public expenses. [Written also tailage, taillage.] &hand; When paid out of knight's fees, it was called scutage; when by cities and burghs, tallage; when upon lands not held by military tenure, hidage. Blackstone.

Tallage

Tal"lage, v. t. To lay an impost upon; to cause to pay tallage.

Tallier

Tal"li*er (?), n. One who keeps tally.

Tallness

Tall"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tall; height of stature.

Tallow

Tal"low (?), n. [OE. taluh, talugh; akin to OD. talgh, D. talk, G., Dan. and Sw. talg, Icel. t\'d3lgr, t\'d3lg, t\'d3lk; and perhaps to Goth. tulgus firm.]

1. The suet or fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds, separated from membranous and fibrous matter by melting. &hand; The solid consistency of tallow is due to the large amount of stearin it contains. See Fat.

2. The fat of some other animals, or the fat obtained from certain plants, or from other sources, resembling the fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds.

Tallow candle, a candle made of tallow. -- Tallow catch, a keech. See Keech. [Obs.] -- Tallow chandler, one whose occupation is to make, or to sell, tallow candles. -- Tallow chandlery, the trade of a tallow chandler; also, the place where his business is carried on. -- Tallow tree (Bot.), a tree (Stillingia sebifera) growing in China, the seeds of which are covered with a substance which resembles tallow and is applied to the same purposes.

Tallow

Tal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tallowing.]

1. To grease or smear with tallow.

2. To cause to have a large quantity of tallow; to fatten; as, tallow sheep.

Tallower

Tal"low*er (?), n. An animal which produces tallow.

Tallow-face

Tal"low-face` (?), n. One who has a sickly, pale complexion. Shak.

Tallow-faced

Tal"low-faced` (?), a. Having a sickly complexion; pale. Burton.

Tallowing

Tal"low*ing, n. The act, or art, of causing animals to produce tallow; also, the property in animals of producing tallow.

Tallowish

Tal"low*ish, a. Having the qualities of tallow.

Tallowy

Tal"low*y (?), a. Of the nature of tallow; resembling tallow; greasy.

Tallwood

Tall"wood` (?), n. [Cf. Tally.] Firewood cut into billets of a certain length. [Obs.] [Eng.]

Tally

Tal"ly (?), n.; pl. Tallies (#). [OE. taile, taille, F. taille a cutting, cut tally, fr. tailler to cut, but influenced probably by taill\'82, p.p. of tailler. See Tailor, and cf. Tail a limitation, Taille, Tallage.]

1. Originally, a piece of wood on which notches or scores were cut, as the marks of number; later, one of two books, sheets of paper, etc., on which corresponding accounts were kept. &hand; In purshasing and selling, it was once customary for traders to have two sticks, or one stick cleft into two parts, and to mark with a score or notch, on each, the number or quantity of goods delivered, -- the seller keeping one stick, and the purchaser the other. Before the use of writing, this, or something like it, was the only method of keeping accounts; and tallies were received as evidence in courts of justice. In the English exchequer were tallies of loans, one part being kept in the exchequer, the other being given to the creditor in lieu of an obligation for money lent to government.

2. Hence, any account or score kept by notches or marks, whether on wood or paper, or in a book; especially, one kept in duplicate.

3. One thing made to suit another; a match; a mate.

They were framed the tallies for each other. Dryden.

4. A notch, mark, or score made on or in a tally; as, to make or earn a tally in a game.

5. A tally shop. See Tally shop, below.

Tally shop, a shop at which goods or articles are sold to customers on account, the account being kept in corresponding books, one called the tally, kept by the buyer, the other the counter tally, kept by the seller, and the payments being made weekly or otherwise by agreement. The trade thus regulated is called tally trade. Eng. Encyc. -- To strike tallies, to act in correspondence, or alike. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tally

Tal"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tallying.] [Cf. F. tialler to cut. See Tally, n.]

1. To score with correspondent notches; hence, to make to correspond; to cause to fit or suit.

They are not so well tallied to the present juncture. Pope.

2. (Naut.) To check off, as parcels of freight going inboard or outboard. W. C. Russell.

Tally on (Naut.), to dovetail together.

Tally

Tal"ly (?), v. i.

1. To be fitted; to suit; to correspond; to match.

I found pieces of tiles that exactly tallied with the channel. Addison.
Your idea . . . tallies exactly with mine. Walpole.

2. To make a tally; to score; as, to tally in a game.

Tally on (Naut.), to man a rope for hauling, the men standing in a line or tail.

Tally

Tal"ly (?), adv. [See Tall, a.] Stoutly; with spirit. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Tallyho

Tal"ly*ho` (?), interj. & n.

1. The huntsman's cry to incite or urge on his hounds.

2. A tallyho coach.

Tallyho coach, a pleasure coach. See under Coach.

Tallyman

Tal"ly*man (?), n.; pl. Tallymen (.

1. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks.

2. One who keeps a tally shop, or conducts his business as tally trade.

Talma

Tal"ma (?), n.; pl. Talmas (#). [Prob. so called from Talma, a French actor.] (a) A kind of large cape, or short, full cloak, forming part of the dress of ladies. (b) A similar garment worn formerly by gentlemen.

Talmud

Tal"mud (?), n. [Chald. talm&umac;d instruction, doctrine, fr. lamad to learn, limmad to teach.] The body of the Jewish civil and canonical law not comprised in the Pentateuch. &hand; The Talmud consists of two parts, the Mishna, or text, and the Gemara, or commentary. Sometimes, however, the name Talmud is restricted, especially by Jewish writers, to the Gemara. There are two Talmuds, the Palestinian, commonly, but incorrectly, called the Talmud of Jerusalem, and the Babylonian Talmud. They contain the same Mishna, but different Gemaras. The Babylonian Talmud is about three times as large as the other, and is more highly esteemed by the Jews.

Talmudic, Talmudical

Tal*mud"ic (?), Tal*mud"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. talmudique.] Of or pertaining to the Talmud; contained in the Talmud; as, Talmudic Greek; Talmudical phrases. Lightfoot.

Talmudist

Tal"mud*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. talmudiste.] One versed in the Talmud; one who adheres to the teachings of the Talmud.

Talmudistic

Tal`mud*is"tic (?), a. Resembling the Talmud; Talmudic.

Talon

Tal"on (?), n. [F., heel, spur, LL. talo, fr. L. talus the ankle, heel.]

1. The claw of a predaceous bird or animal, especially the claw of a bird of prey. Bacon.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of certain small prominences on the hind part of the face of an elephant's tooth.

3. (Arch.) A kind of molding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top; -- usually called an ogee. &hand; When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon.

4. The shoulder of the bolt of a lock on which the key acts to shoot the bolt. Knight.

Talook, Taluk

Ta*look", Ta*luk" (?), n. [Ar. ta'lluq.] A large estate; esp., one constituting a revenue district or dependency the native proprietor of which is responsible for the collection and payment of the public revenue due from it. [India]

Talookdar, Talukdar

Ta*look"dar, Ta*luk"dar (?), n. [Hind., fr. Per. ta'lluqd\'ber.] A proprietor of a talook. [India]

Talpa

Tal"pa (?), n. [L., mole.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small insectivores including the common European mole.

Talus

Ta"lus (?), n.; pl. Tali (#). [L., the ankle, the ankle bone.]

1. (Anat.) The astragalus.

2. (Surg.) A variety of clubfoot (Talipes calcaneus). See the Note under Talipes.

Talus

Ta"lus, n. [F.]

1. (Fort.) A slope; the inclination of the face of a work.

2. (Geol.) A sloping heap of fragments of rock lying at the foot of a precipice.

Tamability

Tam`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tamable; tamableness.

Tamable

Tam"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tamed, subdued, or reclaimed from wildness or savage ferociousness. -- Tam"a*ble*ness, n.

Tamandu

Ta*man"du (?), n. [Sp., from the native name: cf. F. tamandua.] (Zo\'94l.) A small ant-eater (Tamandua tetradactyla) native of the tropical parts of South America. &hand; It has five toes on the fore feet, an elongated snout, small ears, and short woolly hair. Its tail is stout and hairy at the base, tapering, and covered with minute scales, and is somewhat prehensile at the end. Called also tamandua, little ant-bear, fourmilier, and cagouare. The collared, or striped, tamandu (Tamandua bivittata) is considered a distinct species by some writers, but by others is regarded as only a variety.

Tamanoir

Ta`ma*noir" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ant-bear.

Tamarack

Tam"a*rack (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The American larch; also, the larch of Oregon and British Columbia (Larix occidentalis). See Hackmatack, and Larch. (b) The black pine (Pinus Murrayana) of Alaska, California, etc. It is a small tree with fine-grained wood.

Tamaric

Tam"a*ric (?), n. [L. tamarice. See Tamarisk.] A shrub or tree supposed to be the tamarisk, or perhaps some kind of heath. [Obs.]
He shall be like tamaric in the desert, and he shall not see when good shall come. Jer. xvii. 6 (Douay version).

Tamarin

Tam"a*rin (?), n. [From the native name in Cayenne.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small squirrel-like South American monkeys of the genus Midas, especially M. ursulus.
Page 1472

Tamarind

Tam"a*rind (?), n. [It. tamarindo, or Sp. tamarindo, or Pg. tamarindo, tamarinho, from Ar. tamarhind\'c6, literally, Indian date; tamar a dried date + Hind India: cf. F. tamarin. Cf. Hindoo.] (Bot.)

1. A leguminous tree (Tamarindus Indica) cultivated both the Indies, and the other tropical countries, for the sake of its shade, and for its fruit. The trunk of the tree is lofty and large, with wide-spreading branches; the flowers are in racemes at the ends of the branches. The leaves are small and finely pinnated.

2. One of the preserved seed pods of the tamarind, which contain an acid pulp, and are used medicinally and for preparing a pleasant drink.

Tamarind fish, a preparation of a variety of East Indian fish with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit. -- Velvet tamarind. (a) A West African leguminous tree (Codarium acutifolium). (b) One of the small black velvety pods, which are used for food in Sierra Leone. -- Wild tamarind (Bot.), a name given to certain trees somewhat resembling the tamarind, as the Lysiloma latisiliqua of Southern Florida, and the Pithecolobium filicifolium of the West Indies.

Tamarisk

Tam"a*risk (?), n. [L. tamariscus, also tamarix, tamarice, Skr. tam\'bela, tam\'belaka, a tree with a very dark bark; cf. tamas darkness: cf. F. tamarisc, tamarix, tamaris.] (Bot.) Any shrub or tree of the genus Tamarix, the species of which are European and Asiatic. They have minute scalelike leaves, and small flowers in spikes. An Arabian species (T. mannifera) is the source of one kind of manna. Tamarisk salt tree, an East Indian tree (Tamarix orientalis) which produces an incrustation of salt.

Tambac

Tam"bac (?), n. (Metal.) See Tombac. [Obs.]

Tambour

Tam"bour (?), n.

1. (Mus.) A kind of small flat drum; a tambourine.

2. A small frame, commonly circular, and somewhat resembling a tambourine, used for stretching, and firmly holding, a portion of cloth that is to be embroidered; also, the embroidery done upon such a frame; -- called also, in the latter sense, tambour work.

3. (Arch.) Same as Drum, n., 2(d).

4. (Fort.) A work usually in the form of a redan, to inclose a space before a door or staircase, or at the gorge of a larger work. It is arranged like a stockade.

5. (Physiol.) A shallow metallic cup or drum, with a thin elastic membrane supporting a writing lever. Two or more of these are connected by an India rubber tube, and used to transmit and register the movements of the pulse or of any pulsating artery.

Tambour

Tam"bour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamboured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tambouring.] To embroider on a tambour.

Tambourin

Tam`bou`rin" (?), n. [F. See Tambourine.]

1. A tambourine. [Obs.]

2. (Mus.) An old Proven\'87al dance of a lively character, common on the stage.

Tambourine

Tam`bour*ine" (?), n. [F. tambourin; cf. It. tamburino. See Tambour, and cf. Tamborine.] A small drum, especially a shallow drum with only one skin, played on with the hand, and having bells at the sides; a timbrel.

Tambreet

Tam"breet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The duck mole.

Tamburin

Tam`bu*rin" (?), n. See Tambourine. Spenser.

Tame

Tame (?), v. t. [Cf. F. entamer to cut into, to broach.] To broach or enter upon; to taste, as a liquor; to divide; to distribute; to deal out. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
In the time of famine he is the Joseph of the country, and keeps the poor from starving. Then he tameth his stacks of corn, which not his covetousness, but providence, hath reserved for time of need. Fuller.

Tame

Tame, a. [Compar. Tamer (?); superl. Tamest.] [AS. tam; akin to D. tam, G. zahm, OHG. zam, Dan. & Sw. tam, Icel. tamr, L. domare to tame, Gr. dam to be tame, to tame, and perhaps to E. beteem. \'fb61. Cf. Adamant, Diamond, Dame, Daunt, Indomitable.]

1. Reduced from a state of native wildness and shyness; accustomed to man; domesticated; domestic; as, a tame deer, a tame bird.

2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless.

Tame slaves of the laborious plow. Roscommon.

3. Deficient in spirit or animation; spiritless; dull; flat; insipid; as, a tame poem; tame scenery. Syn. -- Gentle; mild; meek. See Gentle.

Tame

Tame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taming.] [AS. tamian, temian, akin to D. tammen, temmen, G. z\'84hmen, OHG. zemmen, Icel. temja, Goth. gatamjan. See Tame, a.]

1. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; to reclaim; to domesticate; as, to tame a wild beast.

They had not been tamed into submission, but baited into savegeness and stubbornness. Macaulay.

2. To subdue; to conquer; to repress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth.

Tameable

Tame"a*ble (?), a. Tamable. Bp. Wilkins.

Tameless

Tame"less, a. Incapable of being tamed; wild; untamed; untamable. Bp. Hall. -- Tame"less*ness, n.

Tamely

Tame"ly, adv. In a tame manner.

Tameness

Tame"ness, n. The quality or state of being tame.

Tamer

Tam"er (?), n. One who tames or subdues.

Tamias

Ta"mi*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ground squirrels, including the chipmunk.

Tamil

Ta"mil (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tamils, or to their language. [Written also Tamul.]

Tamil

Ta"mil, n. [Written also Tamul.]

1. (Ethnol.) One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and Southern India.

2. The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a.

Tamilian

Ta*mil"i*an (?), a. & n. Tamil.

Tamine, Taminy

Tam"ine (?), Tam"i*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. tamis a sort of sieve. Cf. Stamin, Temse.] A kind of woolen cloth; tammy.

Tamis

Tam"is (?), n. [F., a kind of sieve.]

1. A sieve, or strainer, made of a kind of woolen cloth.

2. The cloth itself; tammy.

Tamis bird (Zo\'94l.), a Guinea fowl.

Tamkin

Tam"kin (?), n. A tampion. Johnson (Dict.).

Tammy

Tam"my (?), n.; pl. Tammies (.

1. A kind of woolen, or woolen and cotton, cloth, often highly glazed, -- used for curtains, sieves, strainers, etc.

2. A sieve, or strainer, made of this material; a tamis.

Tamp

Tamp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tamping.] [Cf. F. tamponner to plug or stop. See Tampion.]

1. In blasting, to plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other material, as a hole bored in a rock, in order to prevent the force of the explosion from being misdirected.

2. To drive in or down by frequent gentle strokes; as, to tamp earth so as to make a smooth place.

Tampan

Tam"pan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A venomous South African tick. Livingstone.

Tampeon

Tam"pe*on (?), n. See Tampion. Farrow.

Tamper

Tamp"er (?), n.

1. One who tamps; specifically, one who prepares for blasting, by filling the hole in which the charge is placed.

2. An instrument used in tamping; a tamping iron.

Tamper

Tam"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tampering.] [A corruption of temper.]

1. To meddle; to be busy; to try little experiments; as, to tamper with a disease.

'T is dangerous tampering with a muse. Roscommon.

2. To meddle so as to alter, injure, or vitiate a thing.

3. To deal unfairly; to practice secretly; to use bribery.

Others tampered For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert. Hudibras.

Tamperer

Tam"per*er (?), n. One who tampers; one who deals unfairly.

Tampico fiber ∨ fibre

Tam*pi"co fi"ber ∨ fi"bre (?). A tough vegetable fiber used as a substitute for bristles in making brushes. The piassava and the ixtle are both used under this name.

Tamping

Tamp"ing (?), n.

1. The act of one who tamps; specifically, the act of filling up a hole in a rock, or the branch of a mine, for the purpose of blasting the rock or exploding the mine.

2. The material used in tamping. See Tamp, v. t., 1.

Tamping iron, an iron rod for beating down the earthy substance in tamping for blasting.

Tampion

Tam"pi*on (?), n. [F. tampon, tapon, tape, of Dutch or German origin. See Tap a pipe or plug, and cf. Tamp, Tampop, Tompion.] [Written also tampeon, and tompion.]

1. A wooden stopper, or plug, as for a cannon or other piece of ordnance, when not in use.

2. (Mus.) A plug for upper end of an organ pipe.

Tampoe

Tam"poe (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of an East Indian tree (Baccaurea Malayana) of the Spurge family. It somewhat resembles an apple.

Tampon

Tam"pon (?), n. [F. See Tampion.] (Surg.) A plug introduced into a natural or artificial cavity of the body in order to arrest hemorrhage, or for the application of medicine.

Tampon

Tam"pon, v. t. (Surg.) To plug with a tampon.

Tampoon

Tam"poon (?), n. [See Tampion.] The stopper of a barrel; a bung.

Tam-tam

Tam"-tam` (?), n. [Hind.; of imitative origin.] (Mus.) (a) A kind of drum used in the East Indies and other Oriental countries; -- called also tom-tom. (b) A gong. See Gong, n., 1.

Tamul

Ta"mul (?), a. & n. Tamil.

Tan

Tan (?), n. [Chin.] See Picul.

Tan

Tan, n. [F. tan, perhaps fr. Armor. tann an oak, oak bar; or of Teutonic origin; cf. G. tanne a fir, OHG. tanna a fir, oak, MHG. tan a forest. Cf. Tawny.]

1. The bark of the oak, and some other trees, bruised and broken by a mill, for tanning hides; -- so called both before and after it has been used. Called also tan bark.

2. A yellowish-brown color, like that of tan.

3. A brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun; as, hands covered with tan.

Tan bed (Hort.), a bed made of tan; a bark bed. -- Tan pickle, the liquor used in tanning leather. -- Tan spud, a spud used in stripping bark for tan from trees. -- Tan stove. See Bark stove, under Bark. -- Tan vat, a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan.

Tan

Tan, a. Of the color of tan; yellowish-brown. Black and tan. See under Black, a.

Tan

Tan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanning.] [F. tanner, LL. tannare. See Tan, n.]

1. To convert (the skin of an animal) into leather, as by usual process of steeping it in an infusion of oak or some other bark, whereby it is impregnated with tannin, or tannic acid (which exists in several species of bark), and is thus rendered firm, durable, and in some degree impervious to water. &hand; The essential result in tanning is due to the fact that the tannins form, with gelatins and albuminoids, a series of insoluble compounds which constitute leather. Similar results may be produced by the use of other reagents in place of tannin, as alum, and some acids or chlorides, which are employed in certain processes of tanning.

2. To make brown; to imbrown, as by exposure to the rays of the sun; as, to tan the skin.

Tan

Tan (?), v. i. To get or become tanned.

Tana

Ta"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Banxring.

Tanager

Tan"a*ger (?), n. [NL. tanagra, probably fr. Brazilian tangara.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of bright-colored singing birds belonging to Tanagra, Piranga, and allied genera. The scarlet tanager (Piranga erythromelas) and the summer redbird (Piranga rubra) are common species of the United States.

Tanagrine

Tan"a*grine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tanagers.

Tanagroid

Tan"a*groid (?), a. [Tanager + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Tanagrine.

Tanate

Ta*na"te (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Asiatic wild dog (Canis procyonoides), native of Japan and adjacent countries. It has a short, bushy tail. Called also raccoon dog.

Tandem

Tan"dem (?), adv. & a. [L. tandem at length (of time only), punningly taken as meaning, lengthwise.] One after another; -- said especially of horses harnessed and driven one before another, instead of abreast.

Tandem

Tan"dem, n. A team of horses harnessed one before the other. "He drove tandems." Thackeray. Tandem engine, a compound steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in the same axis, close to one another. -- Tandem bicycle ∨ tricycle, one for two persons in which one rider sits before the other.

Tang

Tang (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. tang seaweed, Sw. t\'86ng, Icel. þang. Cf. Tangle.] (Bot.) A coarse blackish seaweed (Fuscus nodosus). Dr. Prior. Tang sparrow (Zo\'94l.), the rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

Tang

Tang, n. [Probably fr. OD. tanger sharp, tart, literally, pinching; akin to E. tongs. \'fb59. See Tong.]

1. A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the cask.

2. Fig.: A sharp, specific flavor or tinge. Cf. Tang a twang.

Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny. Fuller.
A cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics. Jeffrey.

3. [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. tangi a projecting point; akin to E. tongs. See Tongs.] A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to a handle, or to some other part; anything resembling a tongue in form or position. Specifically: -- (a) The part of a knife, fork, file, or other small instrument, which is inserted into the handle. (b) The projecting part of the breech of a musket barrel, by which the barrel is secured to the stock. (c) The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened. (d) The tongue of a buckle. [Prov. Eng.]

Tang

Tang, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Twang. This word has become confused with tang tatse, flavor.] A sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang.

Tang

Tang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanging.] To cause to ring or sound loudly; to ring.
Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.
To tang bees, to cause a swarm of bees to settle, by beating metal to make a din.

Tang

Tang, v. i. To make a ringing sound; to ring.
Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.

Tangalung

Tan"ga*lung (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian civet (Viverra tangalunga).

Tangence

Tan"gence (?), n. Tangency. [R.]

Tangency

Tan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being tangent; a contact or touching.

Tangent

Tan"gent (?), n. [L. tangens, -entis, p.pr. of tangere to touch; akin to Gr. tangente. Cf. Attain, Contaminate, Contingent, Entire, Tact, Taste, Tax, v. t.] (Geom.) A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See Trigonometrical function, under Function. Artificial, ∨ Logarithmic, tangent, the logarithm of the natural tangent of an arc. -- Natural tangent, a decimal expressing the length of the tangent of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity. -- Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current. -- Tangent of an angle, the natural tangent of the arc subtending or measuring the angle. -- Tangent of an arc, a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from the center through the other extremity o. <-- references are to a figure showing the tangent of an arc -->

Tangent

Tan"gent, a. [L. tangens, -entis, p.pr.] Touching; touching at a single point; specifically (Geom.) meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces. Tangent plane (Geom.), a plane which touches a surface in a point or line. -- Tangent scale (Gun.), a kind of breech sight for a cannon. -- Tangent screw (Mach.), an endless screw; a worm.
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Tangental

Tan*gen"tal (?), a. (Geom.) Tangential.

Tangential

Tan*gen"tial (?), a. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a tangent; in the direction of a tangent. Tangential force (Mech.), a force which acts on a moving body in the direction of a tangent to the path of the body, its effect being to increase or diminish the velocity; -- distinguished from a normal force, which acts at right angles to the tangent and changes the direction of the motion without changing the velocity. -- Tangential stress. (Engin.) See Shear, n., 3.

Tangentially

Tan*gen"tial*ly, adv. In the direction of a tangent.

Tangerine

Tan"ger*ine` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A kind of orange, much like the mandarin, but of deeper color and higher flavor. It is said to have been produced in America from the mandarin. [Written also tangierine.]

Tangfish

Tang"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common harbor seal. [Prov. Eng.]

Tanghinia

Tan*ghin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The ordeal tree. See under Ordeal.

Tangibility

Tan`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tanggibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being tangible.

Tangible

Tan"gi*ble (?), a. [L. tangibilis, fr. tangere to touch: cf. F. tangible. See Tangent.]

1. Perceptible to the touch; tactile; palpable. Bacon.

2. Capable of being possessed or realized; readily apprehensible by the mind; real; substantial; evident. "A tangible blunder." Byron.

Direct and tangible benefit to ourselves and others. Southey.
-- Tan"gi*ble*ness, n. -- Tan"gi*bly, adv.

Tangle

Tan"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tangling (?).] [A frequentative fr. tang seaweed; hence, to twist like seaweed. See Tang seaweed, and cf. Tangle, n.]

1. To unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as to make it difficult to unravel the knot; to entangle; to ravel.

2. To involve; to insnare; to entrap; as, to be tangled in lies. "Tangled in amorous nets." Milton.

When my simple weakness strays, Tangled in forbidden ways. Crashaw.

Tangle

Tan"gle, v. i. To be entangled or united confusedly; to get in a tangle.

Tangle

Tan"gle, n.

1. [Cf. Icel. þ\'94ngull. See Tang seaweed.] (Bot.) Any large blackish seaweed, especially the Laminaria saccharina. See Kelp.

Coral and sea fan and tangle, the blooms and the palms of the ocean. C. Kingsley.

2. [From Tangle, v.] A knot of threads, or other thing, united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged; a snarl; as, hair or yarn in tangles; a tangle of vines and briers. Used also figuratively.

3. pl. An instrument consisting essentiallly of an iron bar to which are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or other similar substances, -- used to capture starfishes, sea urchins, and other similar creatures living at the bottom of the sea.

Blue tangle. (Bot.)See Dangleberry. -- Tangle picker (Zo\'94l.), the turnstone. [Prov. Eng.]

Tanglefish

Tan"gle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sea adder, or great pipefish of Europe.

Tanglingly

Tan"gling*ly (?), adv. In a tangling manner.

Tangly

Tan"gly (?), a.

1. Entangled; intricate.

2. Covered with tangle, or seaweed.

Prone, helpless, on the tangly beach he lay. Falconer.

Tangram

Tan"gram (?), n. [Cf. Trangram.] A Chinese toy made by cutting a square of thin wood, or other suitable material, into seven pieces, as shown in the cut, these pieces being capable of combination in various ways, so as to form a great number of different figures. It is now often used in primary schools as a means of instruction.

Tangue

Tangue (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tenrec.

Tangun

Tan"gun (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A piebald variety of the horse, native of Thibet.

Tangwhaup

Tang"whaup (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]

Tanier

Tan"i*er (?), n. (Bot.) An aroid plant (Caladium sagitt\'91folium), the leaves of which are boiled and eaten in the West Indies. [Written also tannier.]

Tanist

Tan"ist (?), n. [Ir. tanaiste, tanaise, second, the second person in rank, the presumptive or apparent heir to a prince.] In Ireland, a lord or proprietor of a tract of land or of a castle, elected by a family, under the system of tanistry.
This family [the O'Hanlons] were tanists of a large territory within the present county of Armagh. M. A. Lower.

Tanistry

Tan"ist*ry (?), n. [See Tanist.] In Ireland, a tenure of family lands by which the proprietor had only a life estate, to which he was admitted by election. &hand; The primitive intention seems to have been that the inheritance should descend to the oldest or most worthy of the blood and name of the deceased. This was, in reality, giving it to the strongest; and the practice often occasioned bloody feuds in families, for which reason it was abolished under James I.

Tanite

Ta"nite (?), n. A firm composition of emery and a certain kind of cement, used for making grinding wheels, slabs, etc.

Tank

Tank (?), n. A small Indian dry measure, averaging 240 grains in weight; also, a Bombay weight of 72 grains, for pearls. Simmonds.

Tank

Tank, n. [Pg. tanque, L. stangum a pool; or perhaps of East Indian origin. Cf. Stank, n.] A large basin or cistern; an artificial receptacle for liquids. Tank engine, a locomotive which carries the water and fuel it requires, thus dispensing with a tender. -- Tank iron, plate iron thinner than boiler plate, and thicker than sheet iron or stovepipe iron. -- Tank worm (Zo\'94l.), a small nematoid worm found in the water tanks of India, supposed by some to be the young of the Guinea worm.

Tanka

Tan"ka (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of boat used in Canton. It is about 25 feet long and is often rowed by women. Called also tankia. S. W. Williams.

Tankard

Tank"ard (?), n. [OF. tanquart; cf. OD. tanckaert; of uncertain origin.] A large drinking vessel, especially one with a cover.
Marius was the first who drank out of a silver tankard, after the manner of Bacchus. Arbuthnot.

Tankia

Tan"ki*a (?), n. (Naut.) See Tanka.

Tankling

Tank"ling (?), n. A tinkling. [Obs.]

Tanling

Tan"ling (?), n. One tanned by the sun. [R.]
Hot summer's tanlings and The shrinking slaves of winter. Shak.

Tannable

Tan"na*ble (?), a. That may be tanned.

Tannage

Tan"nage (?), n. A tanning; the act, operation, or result of tanning. [R.]
They should have got his cheek fresh tannage. R. Browning.

Tannate

Tan"nate (?), n. [Cf. F. tannate.] (Chem.) A salt of tannic acid.

Tanner

Tan"ner (?), n. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan.

Tannery

Tan"ner*y (?), n.; pl. Tanneries (#). [Cf. F. tannerie.]

1. A place where the work of tanning is carried on.

2. The art or process of tanning. [R.] Carlyle.

Tannic

Tan"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to tan; derived from, or resembling, tan; as, tannic acid. Tannic acid. (Chem.) (a) An acid obtained from nutgalls as a yellow amorphous substance, C14H10O9, having an astringent taste, and forming with ferric salts a bluish-black compound, which is the basis of common ink. Called also tannin, and gallotannic acid. (b) By extension, any one of a series of astringent substances resembling tannin proper, widely diffused through the vegetable kingdom, as in oak bark, willow, catechu, tea, coffee, etc.

Tannier

Tan"ni*er (?), n. (Bot.) See Tanier.

Tannin

Tan"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. tannin.] (Chem.) Same as Tannic acid, under Tannic.

Tanning

Tan"ning, n. The art or process of converting skins into leather. See Tan, v. t., 1.

Tanrec

Tan"rec (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tenrec.

Tansy

Tan"sy (?), n. [OE. tansaye, F. tanaise; cf. It. & Sp. tanaceto, NL. tanacetum, Pg. atanasia, athanasia, Gr. 'aqanasi`a immortality, fr. 'aqa`natos immortal; 'a priv. + qa`natos death.]

1. (Bot.) Any plant of the composite genus Tanacetum. The common tansy (T. vulgare) has finely divided leaves, a strong aromatic odor, and a very bitter taste. It is used for medicinal and culinary purposes.

2. A dish common in the seventeenth century, made of eggs, sugar, rose water, cream, and the juice of herbs, baked with butter in a shallow dish. [Obs.] Pepys.

Double tansy (Bot.), a variety of the common tansy with the leaves more dissected than usual. -- Tansy mustard (Bot.), a plant (Sisymbrium canescens) of the Mustard family, with tansylike leaves.

Tant

Tant (?), n. [Cf. Taint tincture.] (Zo\'94l.) A small scarlet arachnid.

Tantalate

Tan"ta*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tantalic acid.

Tantalic

Tan*tal"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tantalum; derived from, or containing, tantalum; specifically, designating any one of a series of acids analogous to nitric acid and the polyacid compounds of phosphorus.

Tantalism

Tan"ta*lism (?), n. [See Tantalize.] A punishment like that of Tantalus; a teasing or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good which is not attainable; tantalization. Addison.
Is not such a provision like tantalism to this people? Josiah Quincy.

Tantalite

Tan"ta*lite (?), n. [Cf. F. tantalite.] (Min.) A heavy mineral of an iron-black color and submetallic luster. It is essentially a tantalate of iron.

Tantalization

Tan`ta*li*za"tion (?), n. The act of tantalizing, or state of being tantalized. Gayton.

Tantalize

Tan"ta*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tantalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tantalizing (?).] [From Tantalus: cf. F. tantaliser.] To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the expectations by keeping that good out of reach; to tease; to torment.
Thy vain desires, at strife Within themselves, have tantalized thy life. Dryden.
Syn. -- To tease; vex; irritate; provoke. -- Tantalize, Disappoint. To disappoint is literally to do away with what was (or was taken to be) appointed; hence the peculiar pain from hopes thus dashed to the ground. To tantalize, a much stronger term, describes a most distressing form of disappointment, as in the case of Tantalus, the Phrygian king. To tantalize is to visit with the bitterest disappointment -- to torment by exciting hopes or expectations which can never be realized.

Tantalizer

Tan"ta*li`zer (?), n. One who tantalizes.

Tantalizingly

Tan"ta*li`zing*ly (?), adv. In a tantalizing or teasing manner.

Tantalum

Tan"ta*lum (?), n. [NL. So named on account of the perplexity and difficulty encounterd by its discoverer (Ekeberg) in isolating it. See Tantalus.] (Chem.) A rare nonmetallic element found in certain minerals, as tantalite, samarskite, and fergusonite, and isolated as a dark powder which becomes steel-gray by burnishing. Symbol Ta. Atomic weight 182.0. Formerly called also tantalium.

Tantalus

Tan"ta*lus (?), n. [L., from Gr. Ta`ntalos.] (Gr. Myth.)

1. A Phrygian king who was punished in the lower world by being placed in the midst of a lake whose waters reached to his chin but receded whenever he attempted to allay his thirst, while over his head hung branches laden with choice fruit which likewise receded whenever he stretched out his hand to grasp them.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of wading birds comprising the wood ibises.

Tantalus's cup (Physics), a philosophical toy, consisting of a cup, within which is the figure of a man, and within the figure a siphon, the longer arm of which passes down through the bottom of the cup, and allows the escape of any liquid that may be poured in, when it reaches as high as the bend of the siphon, which is just below the level of the mouth of the figure in the cup.

Tantamount

Tan"ta*mount` (?), a. [F. tant so much (L. tantus) + E. amount.] Equivalent in value, signification, or effect.
A usage nearly tantamount to constitutional right. Hallam.
The certainty that delay, under these circumstances, was tantamount to ruin. De Quincey.

Tantamount

Tan"ta*mount`, v. i. To be tantamount or equivalent; to amount. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Tantivy

Tan*tiv"y (?), adv. [Said to be from the note of a hunting horn.] Swiftly; speedily; rapidly; -- a fox-hunting term; as, to ride tantivy.

Tantivy

Tan*tiv"y, n. A rapid, violent gallop; an impetulous rush. Cleverland.

Tantivy

Tan*tiv"y, v. i. To go away in haste. [Colloq.]

Tantrum

Tan"trum (?), n. A whim, or burst of ill-humor; an affected air. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Tanyard

Tan"yard` (?), n. An inclosure where the tanning of leather is carried on; a tannery.

Tanystomata

Tan`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of dipterous insects in which the proboscis is large and contains lancelike mandibles and maxill\'91. The horseflies and robber flies are examples.

Taoism

Ta"o*ism (?), n. One of the popular religions of China, sanctioned by the state. -- Ta"o*ist, a. & n.

Tap

Tap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapping.] [F. taper to strike; of Teutonic origin; cf. dial. G. tapp, tapps, a blow, tappe a paw, fist, G. tappen to grope.]

1. To strike with a slight or gentle blow; to touch gently; to rap lightly; to pat; as, to tap one with the hand or a cane.

2. To put a new sole or heel on; as, to tap shoes.

Tap

Tap, n. [Cf. F. tape. See Tap to strike.]

1. A gentle or slight blow; a light rap; a pat. Addison.

2. A piece of leather fastened upon the bottom of a boot or shoe in repairing or renewing the sole or heel. <-- a piece of metal so fastened, used to reduce wear on the shoe, or for the purpose of tap dancing. -->

3. pl. (Mil.) A signal, by drum or trumpet, for extinguishing all lights in soldiers' quarters and retiring to bed, -- usually given about a quarter of an hour after tattoo. Wilhelm.

Tap

Tap, v. i. To strike a gentle blow.

Tap

Tap, n. [AS. t\'91ppa, akin to D. tap, G. zapfen, OHG. zapfo, Dan. tap, Sw. tapp, Icel. tappi. Cf. Tampion, Tip.]

1. A hole or pipe through which liquor is drawn.

2. A plug or spile for stopping a hole pierced in a cask, or the like; a faucet.

3. Liquor drawn through a tap; hence, a certain kind or quality of liquor; as, a liquor of the same tap. [Colloq.]

4. A place where liquor is drawn for drinking; a taproom; a bar. [Colloq.]

5. (Mech.) A tool for forming an internal screw, as in a nut, consisting of a hardened steel male screw grooved longitudinally so as to have cutting edges.

On tap. (a) Ready to be drawn; as, ale on tap. (b) Broached, or furnished with a tap; as, a barrel on tap. -- Plug tap (Mech.), a screw-cutting tap with a slightly tapering end. -- Tap bolt, a bolt with a head on one end and a thread on the other end, to be screwed into some fixed part, instead of passing through the part and receiving a nut. See Illust. under Bolt. -- Tap cinder (Metal.), the slag of a puddling furnace.

Tap

Tap, v. t.

1. To pierce so as to let out, or draw off, a fluid; as, to tap a cask, a tree, a tumor, etc.

2. Hence, to draw from (anything) in any analogous way; as, to tap telegraph wires for the purpose of intercepting information; to tap the treasury. <-- to tap a telephone. -->

3. To draw, or cause to flow, by piercing. Shak.

He has been tapping his liquors. Addison.

4. (Mech.) To form an internal screw in (anything) by means of a tool called a tap; as, to tap a nut.

Tapa

Ta"pa (?), n. A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry; -- sometimes called also kapa.

Tapayaxin

Ta`pa*yax"in (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A Mexican spinous lizard (Phrynosoma orbiculare) having a head somewhat like that of a toad; -- called also horned toad.

Tape

Tape (?), n. [AS. t\'91ppe a fillet. Cf. Tapestry, Tippet.]

1. A narrow fillet or band of cotton or linen; a narrow woven fabric used for strings and the like; as, curtains tied with tape.

2. A tapeline; also, a metallic ribbon so marked as to serve as a tapeline; as, a steel tape.

Red tape. See under Red. -- Tape grass (Bot.), a plant (Vallisneria spiralis) with long ribbonlike leaves, growing in fresh or brackish water; -- called also fresh-water eelgrass, and, in Maryland, wild celery. -- Tape needle. See Bodkin, n., 4.

Tapeline

Tape"line` (?), n. A painted tape, marked with linear dimensions, as inches, feet, etc., and often inclosed in a case, -- used for measuring.

Taper

Ta"per (?), n. [AS. tapur, tapor, taper; cf. Ir. tapar, W. tampr.]

1. A small wax candle; a small lighted wax candle; hence, a small light.

Get me a taper in my study, Lucius. Shak.

2. A tapering form; gradual diminution of thickness in an elongated object; as, the taper of a spire.

Page 1474

Taper

Ta"per (?), a. [Supposed to be from taper, n., in allusion to its form.] Regularly narrowed toward the point; becoming small toward one end; conical; pyramidical; as, taper fingers.

Taper

Ta"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tapered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapering.] To become gradually smaller toward one end; as, a sugar loaf tapers toward one end.

Taper

Ta"per, v. t. To make or cause to taper.

Tapered

Ta"pered (?), a. Lighted with a taper or tapers; as, a tapered choir. [R.] T. Warton.

Tapering

Ta"per*ing (?), a. Becoming gradually smaller toward one end. -- Ta"per*ing*ly, adv.

Taperness

Ta"per*ness, n. The quality or state of being taper; tapering form; taper. Shenstone.

Tapestry

Tap"es*try (?), n.; pl. Tapestries (#). [F. tapissere, fr. tapisser to carpet, to hang, or cover with tapestry, fr. tapis a carpet, carpeting, LL. tapecius, fr. L. tapete carpet, tapestry, Gr. Tapis, Tippet.] A fabric, usually of worsted, worked upon a warp of linen or other thread by hand, the designs being usually more or less pictorial and the stuff employed for wall hangings and the like. The term is also applied to different kinds of embroidery. Tapestry carpet, a kind of carpet, somewhat resembling Brussels, in which the warp is printed before weaving, so as to produce the figure in the cloth. -- Tapestry moth. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Carpet moth, under Carpet.

Tapestry

Tap"es*try, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapestried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapestrying.] To adorn with tapestry, or as with tapestry.
The Trosachs wound, as now, between gigantic walls of rock tapestried with broom and wild roses. Macaulay.

Tapet

Tap"et (?), n. [L. tapete. See Tapestry.] Worked or figured stuff; tapestry. [R.] Spenser.

Tapeti

Tap"e*ti (?), n.; pl. Tapetis (#). [Braz.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South American hare (Lepus Braziliensis).

Tapetum

Ta*pe"tum (?), n. [NL., from L. tapete a carpet, a tapestry.] (Anat.) An area in the pigmented layer of the choroid coat of the eye in many animals, which has an iridescent or metallic luster and helps to make the eye visible in the dark. Sometimes applied to the whole layer of pigmented epithelium of the choroid.

Tapeworm

Tape"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of cestode worms belonging to T\'91nia and many allied genera. The body is long, flat, and composed of numerous segments or proglottids varying in shape, those toward the end of the body being much larger and longer than the anterior ones, and containing the fully developed sexual organs. The head is small, destitute of a mouth, but furnished with two or more suckers (which vary greatly in shape in different genera), and sometimes, also, with hooks for adhesion to the walls of the intestines of the animals in which they are parasitic. The larv\'91 (see Cysticercus) live in the flesh of various creatures, and when swallowed by another animal of the right species develop into the mature tapeworm in its intestine. See Illustration in Appendix. &hand; Three species are common parasites of man: the pork tapeworm (T\'91nia solium), the larva of which is found in pork; the beef tapeworm (T. mediocanellata), the larva of which lives in the flesh of young cattle; and the broad tapeworm (Bothriocephalus latus) which is found chiefly in the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. See also Echinococcus, Cysticercus, Proglottis, and 2d Measles, 4.

Taphouse

Tap"house` (?), n. A house where liquors are retailed.

Taphrenchyma

Taph*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr. enchyma, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.) Same as Bothrenchyma.

Tapinage

Tap"i*nage (?), n. [See Tapish.] A lurking or skulking. [Obs.] Gower.

Tapioca

Tap`i*o"ca (?), n. [Braz. tapioka: cf. Pg., Sp. & F. tapioca.] A coarsely granular substance obtained by heating, and thus partly changing, the moistened starch obtained from the roots of the cassava. It is much used in puddings and as a thickening for soups. See Cassava.

Tapir

Ta"pir (?), n. [Braz. tapy'ra: cf. F. tapir.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large odd-toed ungulates belonging to Tapirus, Elasmognathus, and allied genera. They have a long prehensile upper lip, short ears, short and stout legs, a short, thick tail, and short, close hair. They have three toes on the hind feet, and four toes on the fore feet, but the outermost toe is of little use. &hand; The best-known species are the Indian tapir (Tapirus Indicus), native of the East Indies and Malacca, which is black with a broad band of white around the middle, and the common American tapir (T. Americanus), which, when adult, is dull brown. Several others species inhabit the Andes and Central America. Tapir tiger (Zo\'94l.), the wallah.

Tapiroid

Ta"pir*oid (?), a. [Tapir + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Allied to the tapir, or the Tapir family.

Tapis

Ta"pis (?), n. [F. See Tapestry.] Tapestry; formerly, the cover of a council table. On, ∨ Upon, the tapis, on the table, or under consideration; as, to lay a motion in Parliament on the tapis.

Tapis

Tap"is (?), v. t. To cover or work with figures like tapestry. [R.] Holland.

Tapiser

Tap"is*er (?), n. [F. tapissier.] A maker of tapestry; an upholsterer. [R.] Chaucer.

Tapish

Tap"ish (?), v. i. [F. se tapir to squat.] To lie close to the ground, so as to be concealed; to squat; to crouch; hence, to hide one's self. [Written also tappis, tappish, tappice.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
As a hound that, having roused a hart, Although he tappish ne'er so soft. Chapman.

Taplash

Tap"lash` (?), n. Bad small beer; also, the refuse or dregs of liquor. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
The taplash of strong ale and wine. Taylor (1630).

Taplings

Tap"lings (?), n. pl. The strong double leathers by which the two parts of a flail are united. Halliwell.

Tapoa tafa

Ta*po"a ta"fa (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small carnivorous marsupial (Phascogale penicillata) having long, soft fur, and a very long tail with a tuft of long hairs at the end; -- called also brush-tailed phascogale.

Tappen

Tap"pen (?), n. An obstruction, or indigestible mass, found in the intestine of bears and other animals during hibernation.

Tapper

Tap"per (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor); -- called also tapperer, tabberer, little wood pie, barred woodpecker, wood tapper, hickwall, and pump borer. [Prov. Eng.]

Tappester

Tap"pes*ter (?), n. [See Tapster.] A female tapster. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tappet

Tap"pet (?), n. (Mach.) A lever or projection moved by some other piece, as a cam, or intended to tap or touch something else, with a view to produce change or regulate motion. G. Francis. Tappet motion, a valve motion worked by tappets from a reciprocating part, without an eccentric or cam, -- used in steam pumps, etc.

Tappice, Tappis

Tap"pice (?), Tap"pis (?), v. i. See Tapish.

Tappit hen

Tap"pit hen` (?).

1. A hen having a tuft of feathers on her head. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. A measuring pot holding one quart (according to some, three quarts); -- so called from a knob on the lid, though to resemble a crested hen. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Taproom

Tap"room` (?), n. A room where liquors are kept on tap; a barroom.
The ambassador was put one night into a miserable taproom, full of soldiers smoking. Macaulay.

Taproot

Tap"root` (?), n. (Bot.) The root of a plant which penetrates the earth directly downward to a considerable depth without dividing.

Tapster

Tap"ster (?), n. [AS. t\'91ppestre a female tapster. See Tap a plug, pipe, and -ster.] One whose business is to tap or draw ale or other liquor.

Taqua-nut

Ta"qua-nut` (?), n. (Bot.) A Central American name for the ivory nut.

Tar

Tar (?), n. [Abbrev. from tarpaulin.] A sailor; a seaman. [Colloq.] Swift.

Tar

Tar, n. [OE. terre, tarre, AS. teru, teoru; akin to D. teer, G. teer, theer, Icel. tjara, Sw. tj\'84ra, Dan. ti\'91re, and to E. tree. \'fb63. See Tree.] A thick, black, viscous liquid obtained by the distillation of wood, coal, etc., and having a varied composition according to the temperature and material employed in obtaining it. Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary. -- Mineral tar (Min.), a kind of soft native bitumen. -- Tar board, a strong quality of millboard made from junk and old tarred rope. Knight. -- Tar water. (a) A cold infusion of tar in water, used as a medicine. (b) The ammoniacal water of gas works. -- Wood tar, tar obtained from wood. It is usually obtained by the distillation of the wood of the pine, spruce, or fir, and is used in varnishes, cements, and to render ropes, oakum, etc., impervious to water.

Tar

Tar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarring.] To smear with tar, or as with tar; as, to tar ropes; to tar cloth. To tar and feather a person. See under Feather, v. t.

Taranis

Tar"a*nis (?), n. [L. taranis, from the Celtic; cf. W. & Corn. taran thunder.] (Myth.) A Celtic divinity, regarded as the evil principle, but confounded by the Romans with Jupiter.

Tarantass

Tar`an*tass" (?), n. [Russ. tarantas'.] A low four-wheeled carriage used in Russia. The carriage box rests on two long, springy poles which run from the fore to the hind axletree. When snow falls, the wheels are taken off, and the body is mounted on a sledge.

Tarantella

Tar`an*tel"la (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) (a) A rapid and delirious sort of Neapolitan dance in 6-8 time, which moves in whirling triplets; -- so called from a popular notion of its being a remedy against the poisonous bite of the tarantula. Some derive its name from Taranto in Apulia. (b) Music suited to such a dance.

Tarantism

Tar"ant*ism (?), n. [It. tarantismo: cf. F. tarentisme. See Tarantula.] (Med.) A nervous affection producing melancholy, stupor, and an uncontrollable desire to dance. It was supposed to be produced by the bite of the tarantula, and considered to be incapable of cure except by protraced dancing to appropriate music. [Written also tarentism.]

Tarantula

Ta*ran"tu*la (?), n.; pl. E. Tarantulas (#), L. Tarantul\'91 (#). [NL., fr. It. tarantola, fr. L. Tarentum, now Taranto, in the south of Italy.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large spiders, popularly supposed to be very venomous, especially the European species (Tarantula apuli\'91). The tarantulas of Texas and adjacent countries are large species of Mygale. [Written also tarentula.] Tarantula killer, a very large wasp (Pompilus formosus), which captures the Texan tarantula (Mygale Hentzii) and places it in its nest as food for its young, after paralyzing it by a sting.

Tarantulated

Ta*ran"tu*la`ted (?), a. Bitten by a tarantula; affected with tarantism.

Tarbogan

Tar*bog"an (?), n. & v. See Toboggan.

Tarboosh

Tar*boosh" (?), n. [Ar. tarb; perhaps from Per. sar-posh headdress: cf. F. tarbouch.] A red cap worn by Turks and other Eastern nations, sometimes alone and sometimes swathed with linen or other stuff to make a turban. See Fez.

Tardation

Tar*da"tion (?), n. [L. tardatio, fr. tardare, tardatum, to retard, delay, fr. tardus slow.] The act of retarding, or delaying; retardation. [Obs.]

Tardigrada

Tar`di*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tardigrade, a.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of edentates comprising the sloths. They are noted for the slowness of their movements when on the ground. See Sloth, 3.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An order of minute aquatic arachnids; -- called also bear animalcules, sloth animalcules, and water bears.

Tardigrade

Tar"di*grade (?), a. [L. tardigradus; tardus slow + gradi to step: cf. F. tardigrade.]

1. Moving or stepping slowly; slow-paced. [R.] G. Eliot.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Tardigrada.

Tardigrade

Tar"di*grade, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tardigrada.

Tardigradous

Tar"di*gra`dous (?), a. Moving slowly; slow-paced. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tardily

Tar"di*ly (?), adv. In a tardy manner; slowly.

Tardiness

Tar"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being tardy.

Tarditation

Tar`di*ta"tion (?), n. Tardiness. [Obs.]
To instruct them to avoid all snares of tarditation, in the Lord's affairs. Herrick.

Tardity

Tar"di*ty (?), n. [L. tarditas.] Slowness; tardiness. [R.] Sir K. Digby.

Tardo

Tar"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Slow; -- a direction to perform a passage slowly.

Tardo

Tar"do, n. [Sp., slow, L. tardus.] (Zo\'94l.) A sloth.

Tardy

Tar"dy (?), a. [Compar. Tardier (?); superl. Tardiest.] [F. tardif, fr. (assumed) LL. tardivus, fr. L. tardus slow.]

1. Moving with a slow pace or motion; slow; not swift.

And check the tardy flight of time. Sandys.
Tardy to vengeance, and with mercy brave. Prior.

2. Not being inseason; late; dilatory; -- opposed to prompt; as, to be tardy in one's payments. Arbuthnot.

The tardy plants in our cold orchards placed. Waller.

3. Unwary; unready. [Obs.] Hudibras.

4. Criminal; guilty. [Obs.] Collier. Syn. -- Slow; dilatory; tedious; reluctant. See Slow.

Tardy

Tar"dy, v. t. To make tardy. [Obs.] Shak.

Tare

Tare (?), obs. imp. of Tear. Tore.

Tare

Tare, n. [Cf. Prov. E. tare brisk, eager, OE. tarefitch the wild vetch.]

1. A weed that grows among wheat and other grain; -- alleged by modern naturalists to be the Lolium temulentum, or darnel.

Didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? From whence then hath it tares? Matt. xiii. 27.
The "darnel" is said to be the tares of Scripture, and is the only deleterious species belonging to the whole order. Baird.

2. (Bot.) A name of several climbing or diffuse leguminous herbs of the genus Vicia; especially, the V. sativa, sometimes grown for fodder.

Tare

Tare, n. [F. tare; cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. tara; all fr. Ar. tarah thrown away, removed, fr. taraha to reject, remove.] (Com.) Deficientcy in the weight or quantity of goods by reason of the weight of the cask, bag, or whatever contains the commodity, and is weighed with it; hence, the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quantity which the seller makes to the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, bag, etc.

Tare

Tare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taring.] To ascertain or mark the tare of (goods).

Tared

Tared (?), a. (Chem.) Weighed; determined; reduced to equal or standard weight; as, tared filter papers, used in weighing precipitates.

Tarente

Ta*ren"te (?), n. [Cf. F. tarente.] (Zo\'94l.) A harmless lizard of the Gecko family (Platydactylus Mauritianicus) found in Southern Europe and adjacent countries, especially among old walls and ruins.

Tarentism

Tar"ent*ism (?), n. See Tarantism.

Tarentula

Ta*ren"tu*la (?), n. See Tarantula.

Targe

Targe (?), n. [F. Cf. Target.] A shield or target. [Obs. or Poetic] "A buckler on a targe." Chaucer.

Target

Tar"get (?), n. [OF. targette, dim. of OF. & F. targe, of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. targe, OD. targie, G. zarge a frame, case, border, OHG. zarga, Icel. targa shield.]

1. A kind of small shield or buckler, used as a defensive weapon in war.

2. (a) A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile. (b) The pattern or arrangement of a series of hits made by a marksman on a butt or mark; as, he made a good target.

3. (Surveying) The sliding crosspiece, or vane, on a leveling staff.

4. (Railroad) A conspicuous disk attached to a switch lever to show its position, or for use as a signal.

Page 1475

Targeted

Tar"get*ed (?), a. Furnished, armed, or protected, with a target.

Targeteer

Tar`get*eer" (?), n. One who is armed with a target or shield. [Written also targetier.]

Targum

Tar"gum (?), n.; pl. Targums (#). Heb. Targumim (#). [Chald. targ&umac;m interpretation, fr. targ\'c7m to interpret. Cf. Truchman, and Dragoman.] A translation or paraphrase of some portion of the Old Testament Scriptures in the Chaldee or Aramaic language or dialect.

Targumist

Tar"gum*ist, n. The writer of a Targum; one versed in the Targums.

Tariff

Tar"iff (?), n. [F. tarif; cf. Sp. & Pg. tarifa, It. tariffa; all fr. Ar. ta'r\'c6f information, explanation, definition, from 'arafa, to know, to inform, explain.]

1. A schedule, system, or scheme of duties imposed by the government of a country upon goods imported or exported; as, a revenue tariff; a protective tariff; Clay's compromise tariff. (U.S. 1833). &hand; The United States and Great Britain impose no duties on exports; hence, in these countries the tariff refers only to imports.

2. The duty, or rate of duty, so imposed; as, the tariff on wool; a tariff of two cents a pound.

3. Any schedule or system of rates, changes, etc.; as, a tariff of fees, or of railroad fares. Bolingbroke.

Tariff

Tar"iff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tariffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tariffing.] To make a list of duties on, as goods.

Tarin

Tar"in (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The siskin. [Prov.]

Taring

Tar"ing (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)The common tern; -- called also tarret, and tarrock. [Prov. Eng.]

Tarlatan

Tar"la*tan (?), n. A kind of thin, transparent muslin, used for dresses.

Tarn

Tarn (?), n. [OE. terne, Icel. tj\'94rn.] A mountain lake or pool.
A lofty precipice in front, A silent tarn below. Wordsworth.

Tarnish

Tar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarnishing.] [F. ternir, fr. OHG. tarnen to darken, to conceal, hide; akin to OS. dernian to hide, AS. dernan, dyrnan, OHG. tarni hidden, OS. derni, AS. derne, dyrne. Cf. Dern, a., and see -ish.] To soil, or change the appearance of, especially by an alternation induced by the air, or by dust, or the like; to diminish, dull, or destroy the luster of; to sully; as, to tarnish a metal; to tarnish gilding; to tarnish the purity of color. "Tarnished lace." Fuller. Used also figuratively; as, to tarnish one's honor. Syn. -- To sully; stain; dim.

Tarnish

Tar"nish, v. i. To lose luster; to become dull; as, gilding will tarnish in a foul air.
Till thy fresh glories, which now shine so bright, Grow stale and tarnish with our daily sight. Dryden.

Tarnish

Tar"nish, n.

1. The quality or state of being tarnished; stain; soil; blemish.

2. (Min.) A thin film on the surface of a metal, usually due to a slight alteration of the original color; as, the steel tarnish in columbite.

Tarnisher

Tar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tarnishes.

Taro

Ta"ro (?), n. [From the Polynesian name.] (Bot.) A name for several aroid plants (Colocasia antiquorum, var. esculenta, Colocasia macrorhiza, etc.), and their rootstocks. They have large ovate-sagittate leaves and large fleshy rootstocks, which are cooked and used for food in tropical countries.

Tarot

Tar"ot (?), n. [F.; cf. It. tarocco.] A game of cards; -- called also taroc. Hoyle.

Tarpan

Tar"pan (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A wild horse found in the region of the Caspian Sea.

Tarpaulin

Tar*pau"lin (?), n. [Tar + palling a covering, pall to cover. See Pall a covering.]

1. A piece of canvas covered with tar or a waterproof composition, used for covering the hatches of a ship, hammocks, boats, etc.

2. A hat made of, or covered with, painted or tarred cloth, worn by sailors and others.

3. Hence, a sailor; a seaman; a tar.

To a landsman, these tarpaulins, as they were called, seemed a strange and half-savage race. Macaulay.

Tarpon

Tar"pon (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tarpum.

Tarpum

Tar"pum (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very large marine fish (Megapolis Atlanticus) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. It often becomes six or more feet in length, and has large silvery scales. The scales are a staple article of trade, and are used in fancywork. Called also tarpon, sabalo, savanilla, silverfish, and jewfish.

Tarquinish

Tar"quin*ish (?), a. Like a Tarquin, a king of ancient Rome; proud; haughty; overbearing.

Tarrace

Tar"race (?), n. See Trass. [Obs.]

Tarragon

Tar"ra*gon (?), n. [Sp. taragona, Ar. tarkh; perhaps fr. Gr. draco; cf. L. dracunculus tarragon. Cf. Dragon.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Artemisa (A. dracunculus), much used in France for flavoring vinegar.

Tarras

Tar"ras (?), n. See Trass. [Obs.]

Tarre

Tarre (?), v. t. [OE. tarien, terien, to irritate, provoke, AS. tergan to pull, pluck, torment; probably akin to E. tear, v.t. \'fb63. Cf. Tarry, v.] To set on, as a dog; to incite. [Obs.] Shak.

Tarriance

Tar"ri*ance (?), n. The act or time of tarrying; delay; lateness. [Archaic] Shak.
And after two days' tarriance there, returned. Tennyson.

Tarrier

Tar"ri*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tarries.

Tarrier

Tar"ri*er, n. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of dig; a terrier. [Obs.]

Tarrock

Tar"rock (?), n. [Greenland tattarock.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The young of the kittiwake gull before the first molt. (b) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.] (c) The common tern.

Tarry

Tar"ry (?), a. [From Tar, n.] Consisting of, or covered with, tar; like tar.

Tarry

Tar"ry (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tarried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarrying.] [OE. tarien to irritate (see Tarre); but with a change of sense probably due to confusion with OE. targen to delay, OF. targier, fr. (assumed) LL. tardicare, fr. L. tardare to make slow, to tarry, fr. tardus slow. Cf. Tardy.]

1. To stay or remain behind; to wait.

Tarry ye for us, until we come again. Ex. xxiv. 14.

2. To delay; to put off going or coming; to loiter.

Come down unto me, tarry not. Gen. xic. 9.
One tarried here, there hurried one. Emerson.

3. To stay; to abide; to continue; to lodge.

Tarry all night, and wash your feet. Gen. xix. 2.
Syn. -- To abide; continue; lodge; await; loiter.

Tarry

Tar"ry, v. t.

1. To delay; to defer; to put off. [Obs.]

Tarry us here no longer than to-morrow. Chaucer.

2. To wait for; to stay or stop for. [Archaic]

He that will have a cake out of the wheat must needs tarry the grinding. Shak.
He plodded on, . . . tarrying no further question. Sir W. Scott.

Tarry

Tar"ry, n. Stay; stop; delay. [Obs.] E. Lodge.

Tarsal

Tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tarsus (either of the foot or eye). -- n. A tarsal bone or cartilage; a tarsale. Tarsal tetter (Med.), an eruptive disease of the edges of the eyelids; a kind of bleareye.

Tarsal

Tar"sal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tercel. [Obs.]

Tarsale

Tar*sa"le (?), n.; pl. Tarsalia (#). [NL.] (Anat.) One of the bones or cartilages of the tarsus; esp., one of the series articulating with the metatarsals.

Tarse

Tarse (?), n. [Cf. Tassel, Tiercel.] (Falconry) The male falcon.

Tarse

Tarse (?), n. [Cf. F. tarse.] (Anat.) tarsus.

Tarsectomy

Tar*sec"to*my (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of excising one or more of the bones of the tarsus.

Tarsel

Tar"sel (?), n. A male hawk. See Tercel. [Obs.]

Tarsi

Tar"si (?), n., pl. of Tarsus.

Tarsia, Tarsiatura

Tar"si*a (?), Tar`si*a*tu"ra (?), n. [It.] A kind of mosaic in woodwork, much employed in Italy in the fifteenth century and later, in which scrolls and arabesques, and sometimes architectural scenes, landscapes, fruits, flowers, and the like, were produced by inlaying pieces of wood of different colors and shades into panels usually of walnut wood.

Tarsier

Tar"si*er (?), n. [Cf. F. tarsier.] See Tarsius.

Tarsius

Tar"si*us (?), n. [NL. See Tarsus.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nocturnal lemurine mammals having very large eyes and ears, a long tail, and very long proximal tarsal bones; -- called also malmag, spectral lemur, podji, and tarsier.

Tarso-

Tar"so- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tarsus; as, tarsometatarsus.

Tarsometatarsal

Tar`so*met`a*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to both the tarsus and metatarsus; as, the tarsometatarsal articulations. (b) Of or pertaining to the tarsometatarsus.

Tarsometatarsus

Tar`so*met`a*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tarsometatarsi (#). [NL.] (Anat.) The large bone next the foot in the leg of a bird. It is formed by the union of the distal part of the tarsus with the metatarsus.

Tarsorrhaphy

Tar*sor"rha*phy (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.) An operation to diminish the size of the opening between eyelids when enlarged by surrounding cicatrices.

Tarsotomy

Tar*sot"o*my (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of cutting or removing the tarsal cartilages.

Tarsus

Tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tarsi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Tarse.]

1. (Anat.) (a) The ankle; the bones or cartilages of the part of the foot between the metatarsus and the leg, consisting in man of seven short bones. (b) A plate of dense connective tissue or cartilage in the eyelid of man and many animals; -- called also tarsal cartilage, and tarsal plate.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The foot of an insect or a crustacean. It usually consists of form two to five joints.

Tart

Tart (?), a. [AS. teart. \'fb63. Cf. Tear, v. t.]

1. Sharp to the taste; acid; sour; as, a tart apple.

2. Fig.: Sharp; keen; severe; as, a tart reply; tart language; a tart rebuke.

Why art thou tart, my brother? Bunyan.

Tart

Tart, n. [OE. tarte, F. tarte; perhaps originally the same word as tourte, LL. torta, fr. L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, bend, wind, because tarts were originally made of a twisted shape. Cf. Torture, n.] A species of small open pie, or piece of pastry, containing jelly or conserve; a sort of fruit pie.

Tartan

Tar"tan (?), n. [F. tiretane linsey-woolsey, akin to Sp. tirita\'a4a a sort of thin silk; cf. Sp. tiritar to shiver or shake with cold.] Woolen cloth, checkered or crossbarred with narrow bands of various colors, much worn in the Highlands of Scotland; hence, any pattern of tartan; also, other material of a similar pattern.
MacCullummore's heart will be as cold as death can make it, when it does not warm to the tartan. Sir W. Scott.
The sight of the tartan inflamed the populace of London with hatred. Macaulay.

Tartan

Tar"tan, n. [F. tartane, or Sp., Pg., or It. tartana; all perhaps of Arabic origin.] (Naut.) A small coasting vessel, used in the Mediterranean, having one mast carrying large leteen sail, and a bowsprit with staysail or jib.

Tartar

Tar"tar (?), n. [F. tartre (cf. Pr. tartari, Sp., Pg., & It. tartaro, LL. tartarum, LGr.

1. (Chem.) A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc.

2. A correction which often incrusts the teeth, consisting of salivary mucus, animal matter, and phosphate of lime.

Cream of tartar. (Chem.) See under Cream. -- Tartar emetic (Med. Chem.), a double tartrate of potassium and basic antimony. It is a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweetish metallic taste, and used in medicine as a sudorific and emetic.

Tartar

Tar"tar (?), n.

1. [Per. T\'bet\'ber, of Tartar origin.] A native or inhabitant of Tartary in Asia; a member of any one of numerous tribes, chiefly Moslem, of Turkish origin, inhabiting the Russian Europe; -- written also, more correctly but less usually, Tatar.

2. A person of a keen, irritable temper.

To catch a tartar, to lay hold of, or encounter, a person who proves too strong for the assailant. [Colloq.]

Tartar

Tar"tar, a. Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars.

Tartar

Tar"tar, n. [Cf. F. tartare.] See Tartarus. Shak.

Tartarated

Tar"tar*a`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Tartrated.

Tartarean, Tartareous

Tar*ta"re*an (?), Tar*ta"re*ous (?), a. [L. tartareus: cf. F. tartar\'82en.] Of or pertaining to Tartarus; hellish.

Tartareous

Tar*ta"re*ous, a. [Cf. 1st Tartarous.]

1. Consisting of tartar; of the nature of tartar.

2. (Bot.) Having the surface rough and crumbling; as, many lichens are tartareous.

Tartarian, Tartaric

Tar*ta"ri*an (?), Tar*tar"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars. Tartarian lamb (Bot.), Scythian lamb. See Barometz.

Tartarian

Tar*ta"ri*an (?), n. (Bot.) The name of some kinds of cherries, as the Black Tartarian, or the White Tartarian.

Tartaric

Tar*tar"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tartar; derived from, or resembling, tartar. Tartaric acid. (a) An acid widely diffused throughout the vegetable kingdom, as in grapes, mountain-ash berries, etc., and obtained from tartar as a white crystalline substance, C2H2(OH)2.(CO2H)2, having a strong pure acid taste. It is used in medicine, in dyeing, calico printing, photography, etc., and also as a substitute for lemon juice. Called also dextro-tartaric acid. (b) By extension, any one of the series of isomeric acids (racemic acid, levotartaric acid, inactive tartaric acid) of which tartaric acid proper is the type.

Tartarine

Tar"tar*ine (?), n. (Old Chem.) Potassium carbonate, obtained by the incineration of tartar. [Obs.]

Tartarize

Tar"tar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tartarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tartarizing (?).] [Cf. F. tartariser.] (Chem.) To impregnate with, or subject to the action of, tartar. [R.] Tartarized antimony (Med. Chem.), tartar emetic.

Tartarize

Tar"tar*ize (?), v. t. To cause to resemble the Tartars and their civilization, as by conquest.

Tartarous

Tar"tar*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. tartareux.] Containing tartar; consisting of tartar, or partaking of its qualities; tartareous.

Tartarous

Tar"tar*ous (?), a. Resembling, or characteristic of, a Tartar; ill-natured; irritable.
The Tartarous moods of common men. B. Jonson.

Tartarum

Tar"ta*rum (?), n. (Chem.) See 1st Tartar.

Tartarus

Tar"ta*rus (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Class. Myth.) The infernal regions, described in the Iliad as situated as far below Hades as heaven is above the earth, and by later writers as the place of punishment for the spirits of the wicked. By the later poets, also, the name is often used synonymously with Hades, or the Lower World in general.

Tartary

Tar"ta*ry (?), n. Tartarus. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Tartini's tones

Tar*ti"ni's tones` (?). [From Tartini, an Italian violinist, who discovered them in 1754.] See the Note under Tone.

Tartish

Tart"ish (?), a. Somewhat tart.

Tartlet

Tart"let (?), n. A small tart. V. Knox.

Tartly

Tart"ly, adv. In a tart manner; with acidity.

Tartness

Tart"ness, n. The quality or state of being tart. Syn. -- Acrimony; sourness; keenness; poignancy; severity; asperity; acerbity; harshness. See Acrimony.

Tartralic

Tar*tral"ic (?), a. [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white amorphous deliquescent substance, C8H10O11; -- called also ditartaric, tartrilic, or tartrylic acid.

Tartramate

Tar*tram"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tartramic acid.

Tartramic

Tar*tram"ic (?), a. [Tarto- + amic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is the primary acid amide derivative of tartaric acid.

Tartramide

Tar*tram"ide (?), n. [Tarto- + amide.] (Chem.) An acid amide derivative of tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Tartrate

Tar"trate (?), n. [Cf. F. tartrate.] (Chem.) A salt of tartaric acid.

Tartrated

Tar"tra`ted (?), a. (Med. Chem.) Containing, or derived from, tartar; combined with tartaric acid.

Tartrazine

Tar"tra*zine (?), n. [Tartaric + hydrazine.] (Chem.) An artificial dyestuff obtained as an orange-yellow powder, and regarded as a phenyl hydrazine derivative of tartaric and sulphonic acids.

Tartrelic

Tar*trel"ic (?), a. [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anhydride, C4H4O5, of tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline deliquescent substance.

Tartro-

Tar"tro-. A combining form (also used adjectively) used in chemistry to denote the presence of tartar or of some of its compounds or derivatives.

Tartronate

Tar"tro*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tartronic acid.

Tartronic

Tar*tron"ic (?), a. [Tartro- + malonic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also hydroxy malonic acid) obtained, by reducing mesoxalic acid, as a white crystalline substance.

Tartronyl

Tar"tro*nyl (?), n. [Tartronic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical constituting the characteristic residue of tartronic acid and certain of its derivatives.

Tartrovinic

Tar`tro*vin"ic (?), a. [Tartro- + vinic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain acid composed of tartaric acid in combination with ethyl, and now called ethyltartaric acid.

Tartuffe, Tartufe

Tar*tuffe", Tar*tufe" (?), n. [F. tartufe.] A hypocritical devotee. See the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

Tartuffish, Tartufish

Tar*tuff"ish, Tar*tuf"ish, a. Like a tartuffe; precise; hypocritical. Sterne.

Tarweed

Tar"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several resinous-glandular composite plants of California, esp. to the species of Grindelia, Hemizonia, and Madia.

Tas

Tas (?), n. [F.] A heap. [Obs.] "The tas of bodies slain." Chaucer.

Tas

Tas, v. t. To tassel. [Obs.] "A purse of leather tassed with silk." Chaucer.

Tasco

Tas"co (?), n. [Cf. Sp. tasconio.] A kind of clay for making melting pots. Percy Smith.

Tasimer

Ta*sim"er (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for detecting or measuring minute extension or movements of solid bodies. It consists essentially of a small rod, disk, or button of carbon, forming part of an electrical circuit, the resistance of which, being varied by the changes of pressure produced by the movements of the object to be measured, causes variations in the strength of the current, which variations are indicated by a sensitive galvanometer. It is also used for measuring minute changes of temperature. T. A. Edison.

Task

Task (?), n. [OE. taske, OF. tasque, F. t\'83che, for tasche, LL. tasca, taxa, fr. L. taxare to rate, appraise, estimate. See Tax, n. & v.]

1. Labor or study imposed by another, often in a definite quantity or amount.

Ma task of servile toil. Milton.
Each morning sees some task begin, Each evening sees it close. Longfellow.

2. Business; employment; undertaking; labor.

His mental powers were equal to greater tasks. Atterbury.
To take to task. See under Take. Syn. -- Work; labor; employment; business; toil; drudgery; study; lesson; stint.

Task

Task, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tasking.]

1. To impose a task upon; to assign a definite amount of business, labor, or duty to.

There task thy maids, and exercise the loom. Dryden.

2. To oppress with severe or excessive burdens; to tax.

3. To charge; to tax; as with a fault.

Too impudent to task me with those errors. Beau. & Fl.

Tasker

Task"er (?), n.

1. One who imposes a task.

2. One who performs a task, as a day-laborer. [R.]

3. A laborer who receives his wages in kind. [Scot.]

Taskmaster

Task"mas`ter (?), n. One who imposes a task, or burdens another with labor; one whose duty is to assign tasks; an overseer. Ex. i. 11.
All is, if I have grace to use it so, As ever in my great Taskmaster's eye. Milton.

Taskwork

Task"work` (?), n. Work done as a task; also, work done by the job; piecework.

Taslet

Tas"let (?), n. [See Tasse a piece of armor.] A piece of armor formerly worn to guard the things; a tasse.

Tasmanian

Tas*ma"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tasmania, or Van Diemen's Land. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Tasmania; specifically (Ethnol.), in the plural, the race of men that formerly inhabited Tasmania, but is now extinct. Tasmanain cider tree. (Bot.) See the Note under Eucalyptus. -- Tasmanain devil. (Zo\'94l.) See under Devil. -- Tasmanain wolf (Zo\'94l.), a savage carnivorous marsupial; -- called also zebra wolf. See Zebra wolf, under Wolf.

Tasse

Tasse (?), n. [OF. tassette.] A piece of armor for the thighs, forming an appendage to the ancient corselet. &hand; Usually the tasse was a plate of iron swinging from the cuirass, but the skirts of sliding splints were also called by this name.

Tassel

Tas"sel (?), n. (Falconry) A male hawk. See Tercel.

Tassel

Tas"sel, n. [See Teasel.] A kind of bur used in dressing cloth; a teasel.

Tassel

Tas"sel, n. [OE., a fastening of a mantle, OF. tassel a fastening, clasp, F. tasseau a bracket, Fr. L. taxillus a little die, dim. of talus a die of a longish shape, rounded on two sides and marked only on the other four, a knuckle bone.]

1. A pendent ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to curtains, and the like, ending in a tuft of loose threads or cords.

2. The flower or head of some plants, esp. when pendent.

And the maize field grew and ripened, Till it stood in all the splendor Of its garments green and yellow, Of its tassels and its plumage. Longfellow.

3. A narrow silk ribbon, or the like, sewed to a book to be put between the leaves.

4. (Arch.) A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate, to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers; -- rarely used in the United States.

Tassel flower (Bot.), a name of several composite plants of the genus Cineraria, especially the C. sconchifolia, and of the blossoms which they bear.

Tassel

Tas"sel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tasseled (?) or Tasselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tasseling or Tasselling.] To put forth a tassel or flower; as, maize tassels.

Tassel

Tas"sel, v. t. To adorn with tassels. Chaucer.

Tasset

Tas"set (?), n. [See Tasse.] A defense for the front of the thigh, consisting of one or more iron plates hanging from the belt on the lower edge of the corselet.<-- same as tasse? -->

Tastable

Tast"a*ble (?), a. Capable of worthy of being tasted; savory; relishing.

Taste

Taste (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tasting.] [OE. tasten to feel, to taste, OF. taster, F. tater to feel, to try by the touch, to try, to taste, (assumed) LL. taxitare, fr. L. taxare to touch sharply, to estimate. See Tax, v. t.]

1. To try by the touch; to handle; as, to taste a bow. [Obs.] Chapman.

Taste it well and stone thou shalt it find. Chaucer.

2. To try by the touch of the tongue; to perceive the relish or flavor of (anything) by taking a small quantity into a mouth. Also used figuratively.

When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine. John ii. 9.
When Commodus had once tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse. Gibbon.

3. To try by eating a little; to eat a small quantity of.

I tasted a little of this honey. 1 Sam. xiv. 29.

4. To become acquainted with by actual trial; to essay; to experience; to undergo.

He . . . should taste death for every man. Heb. ii. 9.

5. To partake of; to participate in; -- usually with an implied sense of relish or pleasure.

Thou . . . wilt taste No pleasure, though in pleasure, solitary. Milton.

Taste

Taste, v. i.

1. To try food with the mouth; to eat or drink a little only; to try the flavor of anything; as, to taste of each kind of wine.

2. To have a smack; to excite a particular sensation, by which the specific quality or flavor is distinguished; to have a particular quality or character; as, this water tastes brackish; the milk tastes of garlic.

Yea, every idle, nice, and wanton reason Shall to the king taste of this action. Shak.

3. To take sparingly.

For age but tastes of pleasures, youth devours. Dryden.

4. To have perception, experience, or enjoyment; to partake; as, to taste of nature's bounty. Waller.

The valiant never taste of death but once. Shak.

Taste

Taste, n.

1. The act of tasting; gustation.

2. A particular sensation excited by the application of a substance to the tongue; the quality or savor of any substance as perceived by means of the tongue; flavor; as, the taste of an orange or an apple; a bitter taste; an acid taste; a sweet taste.

3. (Physiol.) The one of the five senses by which certain properties of bodies (called their taste, savor, flavor) are ascertained by contact with the organs of taste. &hand; Taste depends mainly on the contact of soluble matter with the terminal organs (connected with branches of the glossopharyngeal and other nerves) in the papill\'91 on the surface of the tongue. The base of the tongue is considered most sensitive to bitter substances, the point to sweet and acid substances.

4. Intellectual relish; liking; fondness; -- formerly with of, now with for; as, he had no taste for study.

I have no taste Of popular applause. Dryden.

5. The power of perceiving and relishing excellence in human performances; the faculty of discerning beauty, order, congruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever constitutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles-letters; critical judgment; discernment.

6. Manner, with respect to what is pleasing, refined, or in accordance with good usage; style; as, music composed in good taste; an epitaph in bad taste.

7. Essay; trial; experience; experiment. Shak.

8. A small portion given as a specimen; a little piece tastted of eaten; a bit. Bacon.

9. A kind of narrow and thin silk ribbon. Syn. -- Savor; relish; flavor; sensibility; gout. -- Taste, Sensibility, Judgment. Some consider taste as a mere sensibility, and others as a simple exercise of judgment; but a union of both is requisite to the existence of anything which deserves the name. An original sense of the beautiful is just as necessary to \'91sthetic judgments, as a sense of right and wrong to the formation of any just conclusions or moral subjects. But this "sense of the beautiful" is not an arbitrary principle. It is under the guidance of reason; it grows in delicacy and correctness with the progress of the individual and of society at large; it has its laws, which are seated in the nature of man; and it is in the development of these laws that we find the true "standard of taste."

What, then, is taste, but those internal powers, Active and strong, and feelingly alive To each fine impulse? a discerning sense Of decent and sublime, with quick disgust From things deformed, or disarranged, or gross In species? This, nor gems, nor stores of gold, Nor purple state, nor culture, can bestow, But God alone, when first his active hand Imprints the secret bias of the soul. Akenside.
Taste of buds, ∨ Taste of goblets (Anat.), the flask-shaped end organs of taste in the epithelium of the tongue. They are made up of modified epithelial cells arranged somewhat like leaves in a bud.

Tasteful

Taste"ful (?), a.

1. Having a high relish; savory. "Tasteful herbs." Pope.

2. Having or exhibiting good taste; in accordance with good taste; tasty; as, a tasteful drapery. -- Taste"ful*ly, adv. -- Taste"ful*ness, n.

Tasteless

Taste"less, a.

1. Having no taste; insipid; flat; as, tasteless fruit.

2. Destitute of the sense of taste; or of good taste; as, a tasteless age. Orrery.

3. Not in accordance with good taste; as, a tasteless arrangement of drapery. -- Taste"less*ly, adv. -- Taste"less*ness, n.

Taster

Tast"er (?), n.

1. One who tastes; especially, one who first tastes food or drink to ascertain its quality.

Thy tutor be thy taster, ere thou eat. Dryden.

2. That in which, or by which, anything is tasted, as, a dram cup, a cheese taster, or the like.

3. (Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of zooids situated on the polyp-stem of certain Siphonophora. They somewhat resemble the feeding zooids, but are destitute of mouths. See Siphonophora.

Tastily

Tast"i*ly (?), adv. In a tasty manner.

Tasting

Tast"ing, n. The act of perceiving or tasting by the organs of taste; the faculty or sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors.

Tasto

Tas"to (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A key or thing touched to produce a tone. Tasto solo, single touch; -- in old music, a direction denoting that the notes in the bass over or under which it is written should be performed alone, or with no other chords than unisons and octaves.

Tasty

Tast"y (?), a. [Compar. Tastier (?); superl. Tastiest.]

1. Having a good taste; -- applied to persons; as, a tasty woman. See Taste, n., 5.<-- not used in that sense now. -->

2. Being in conformity to the principles of good taste; elegant; as, tasty furniture; a tasty dress.

Tat

Tat (?), n. [Hind. t\'bet.] Gunny cloth made from the fiber of the Corchorus olitorius, or jute. [India]

Tat

Tat, n. [Hind. tatt.] (Zo\'94l.) A pony. [India]

Tataupa

Ta*tau"pa (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American tinamou (Crypturus tataupa).

Tatch

Tatch (?), n. [F. tache spot. See Techy.] A spot or stain; also, a trick. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Tath

Tath (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ta, to take.

Tath

Tath, n. [Prov. E.; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ta dung, ta the grass of a manured pasture, te to manure. \'fb58. Cf. Ted.]

1. Dung, or droppings of cattle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

2. The luxuriant grass growing about the droppings of cattle in a pasture. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Tath

Tath, v. t. To manure (land) by pasturing cattle on it, or causing them to lie upon it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Tatou

Ta*tou" (?), n. [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zo\'94l.) The giant armadillo (Priodontes gigas) of tropical South America. It becomes nearly five feet long including the tail. It is noted for its burrowing powers, feeds largely upon dead animals, and sometimes invades human graves.

Tatouay

Tat"ou*ay (?), n. [Of Brazilian origin; cf. Pg. tatu, F. tatou.] (Zo\'94l.) An armadillo (Xenurus unicinctus), native of the tropical parts of South America. It has about thirteen movable bands composed of small, nearly square, scales. The head is long; the tail is round and tapered, and nearly destitute of scales; the claws of the fore feet are very large. Called also tatouary, and broad-banded armadillo.

Tatouhou

Tat"ou*hou (?), n. [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zo\'94l.) The peba.

Tatt

Tatt (?), v. t. & i. To make (anything) by tatting; to work at tatting; as, tatted edging.
Page 1477

Tatta

Tat"ta (?), n. [Hind. , t\'bet\'c6.] A bamboo frame or trellis hung at a door or window of a house, over which water is suffered to trickle, in order to moisten and cool the air as it enters. [India]

Tatter

Tat"ter (?), n. One who makes tatting. Caulfield & S. (Doct. of Needlework).

Tatter

Tat"ter (?), n. [Icel. t\'94tur, t\'94ttur, pl. t\'94trar, ; cf. Norw. totra, pl. totror, LG. taltern tatters. \'fb240.] A rag, or a part torn and hanging; -- chiefly used in the plural.
Tear a passion to tatters, to very rags. Shak.

Tatter

Tat"ter, v. t. [p. p. Tattered (?).] To rend or tear into rags; -- used chiefly in the past participle as an adjective.
Where waved the tattered ensigns of Ragfair. Pope.

Tatterdemalion

Tat`ter*de*mal"ion (?), n. [Tatter + OF. desmaillier to break the meshes of, to tear: cf. OF. maillon long clothes, swadding clothes, F. maillot. See Tatter, and Mail armor.] A ragged fellow; a ragamuffin. L'Estrange.

Tatting

Tat"ting (?), n. A kind of lace made from common sewing thread, with a peculiar stitch. Tatting shuttle, the shuttle on which the thread used in tatting is wound.

Tattle

Tat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tattling (?).] [Akin to OE. tateren, LG. tateln, D. tateren to stammer, and perhaps to E. titter.]

1. To prate; to talk idly; to use many words with little meaning; to chat.

The tattling quality of age, which is always narrative. Dryden.

2. To tell tales; to communicate secrets; to be a talebearer; as, a tattling girl.

Tattle

Tat"tle, n. Idle talk or chat; trifling talk; prate.
[They] told the tattle of the day. Swift.

Tattler

Tat"tler (?), n.

1. One who tattles; an idle talker; one who tells tales. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large, long-legged sandpipers belonging to the genus Totanus. &hand; The common American species are the greater tattler, or telltale (T. melanoleucus), the smaller tattler, or lesser yellowlegs (T. flavipes), the solitary tattler (T. solitarius), and the semipalmated tattler, or willet. The first two are called also telltale, telltale spine, telltale tattler, yellowlegs, yellowshanks, and yelper.

Tattlery

Tat"tler*y (?), n. Idle talk or chat; tittle-tattle.

Tattling

Tat"tling (?), a. Given to idle talk; apt to tell tales. -- Tat"tling*ly, adv.

Tattoo

Tat*too" (?), n. [Earlier taptoo, D. taptoe; tap a tap, faucet + toe to, shut (i. e., the taps, or drinking houses, shut from the soldiers).] (Mil.) A beat of drum, or sound of a trumpet or bugle, at night, giving notice to soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters in garrison, or to their tents in camp. The Devil's tattoo. See under Devil.

Tattoo

Tat*too", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tattooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tattooing.] [Of Polynesian origin; cf. New Zealand ta to tattoo, tatu puncturation (in Otaheite).] To color, as the flesh, by pricking in coloring matter, so as to form marks or figures which can not be washed out.

Tattoo

Tat*too", n.; pl. Tattoos (. An indelible mark or figure made by puncturing the skin and introducing some pigment into the punctures; -- a mode of ornamentation practiced by various barbarous races, both in ancient and modern times, and also by some among civilized nations, especially by sailors.

Tatu

Ta*tu" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tatou.

Tatusiid

Ta*tu"si*id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any armadillo of the family Tatusiid\'91, of which the peba and mule armadillo are examples. Also used adjectively.

Tau

Tau (?), n. [Gr. tay^ the letter τ (English T).] (Zo\'94l.) The common American toadfish; -- so called from a marking resembling the Greek letter tau (τ). Tau cross. See Illust. 6, of Cross.

Taught

Taught (?), a. See Taut. Totten.

Taught

Taught, imp. & p. p. of Teach. [AS. imp. t&aemac;hte, p.p. get&aemac;ht.] See Teach.

Taunt

Taunt (?), a. [Cf. OF. tant so great, F. tant so much, L. tantus of such size, so great, so much.] (Naut.) Very high or tall; as, a ship with taunt masts. Totten.

Taunt

Taunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Taunting.] [Earlier, to tease; probably fr. OF. tanter to tempt, to try, for tenter. See Tempt.] To reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to upbraid; to jeer at; to flout.
When I had at my pleasure taunted her. Shak.
Syn. -- To deride; ridicule; mock; jeer; flout; revile. See Deride.

Taunt

Taunt, n. Upbraiding language; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting invective.
With scoffs, and scorns, and contemelious taunts. Shak.
With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest. Prior.

Taunter

Taunt"er (?), n. One who taunts.

Taunting

Taunt"ing, a. & n. from Taunt, v.
Every kind of insolent and taunting reflection. Burke.

Tauntingly

Taunt"ing*ly, adv. In a taunting manner.

Tauntress

Taunt"ress (?), n. A woman who taunts.

Taur

Taur (?), n. [L. Taurus.] The constellation Taurus. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tauricornous

Tau`ri*cor"nous (?), a. [L. tauricornis; taurus a bull + cornu a horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Having horns like those of a bull. Sir T. Browne.

Tauridor

Tau`ri*dor" (?), n. [See Toreador.] A bull Sir W. Scott.

Tauriform

Tau"ri*form (?), a. [L. tauriformis; taurus a bull + -form: cf. F. tauriforme.] Having the form of a bull.

Taurine

Tau"rine (?), a. [L. taurinus, fr. taurus a bull. See Taurus.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Taurus, or cattle.

Taurine

Tau"rine (?), n. [So named because it was discovered in the bile of the ox. See Taurus.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body occurring in small quantity in the juices of muscle, in the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the bile, where it is found as a component part of taurocholic acid, from which it can be prepared by decomposition of the acid. It crystallizes in colorless, regular six-sided prisms, and is especially characterized by containing both nitrogen and sulphur, being chemically amido-isethionic acid, C

Taurocholate

Tau`ro*cho"late (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A salt of taurocholic acid; as, sodium taurocholate, which occurs in human bile.

Taurocholic

Tau`ro*chol"ic (?), a. [Taurine + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a conjugate acid (called taurocholic acid) composed of taurine and cholic acid, present abundantly in human bile and in that of carnivora. It is exceedingly deliquescent, and hence appears generally as a thick, gummy mass, easily soluble in water and alcohol. It has a bitter taste.

Taurocol, Taurocolla

Tau"ro*col (?), Tau`ro*col"la (?), n. [NL. taurocolla, fr. Gr. taurocolle.] Glue made from a bull's hide.

Tauromachian

Tau`ro*ma"chi*an (?), a. [See Tauromachy.] Of or pertaining to bullfights. -- n. A bullfighter.

Tauromachy

Tau*rom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. Bullfighting.

Taurus

Tau"rus (?), n. [L., akin to Gr. steer. See Steer a young ox.]

1. (Astron.) (a) The Bull; the second in order of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of April; -- marked thus [&taurus;] in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, containing the well-known clusters called the Pleiades and the Hyades, in the latter of which is situated the remarkably bright Aldebaran.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants comprising the common domestic cattle.

Taurylic

Tau*ryl"ic (?), a. [L. taurus a bull + E. phenylic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found of a urine of neat cattle, and probably identical with cresol.

Taut

Taut (?), a. [Dan. t\'91t; akin to E. tight. See Tight.]

1. (Naut.) Tight; stretched; not slack; -- said esp. of a rope that is tightly strained.

2. Sung; close; firm; secure.

Taut hand (Naut.), a sailor's term for an officer who is severe in discipline.

Tautegorical

Tau`te*gor"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Allegory.] Expressing the same thing with different words; -- opposed to allegorical. [R.] Coleridge.

Tautochrone

Tau"to*chrone (?), n. [Gr. tautochrone.] (Math.) A curved line, such that a heavy body, descending along it by the action of gravity, will always arrive at the lowest point in the same time, wherever in the curve it may begin to fall; as, an inverted cycloid with its base horizontal is a tautochrone.

Tautochronous

Tau*toch"ro*nous (?), a. (Math.) Occupying the same time; pertaining to, or having the properties of, a tautochrone.

Tautog

Tau*tog" (?), n. [The pl. of taut, the American Indian name, translated by Roger Williams sheep's heads, and written by him tauta\'a3og.] (Zo\'94l.) An edible labroid fish (Haitula onitis, or Tautoga onitis) of the Atlantic coast of the United States. When adult it is nearly black, more or less irregularly barred, with greenish gray. Called also blackfish, oyster fish, salt-water chub, and moll. [Written also tautaug.]

Tautologic

Tau`to*log"ic (?), a. Tautological.

Tautological

Tau`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. tautologique.] Involving tautology; having the same signification; as, tautological expression. -- Tau`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Tautological echo, an echo that repeats the same sound or syllable many times.

Tautologist

Tau*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who uses tautological words or phrases.

Tautologize

Tau*tol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tautologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tautologizing (?).] To repeat the same thing in different words.

Tautologous

Tau*tol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. Repeating the same thing in different words; tautological. [R.] Tooke.

Tautology

Tau*tol"o*gy (?), n. [L. tautologia, Gr. tautologie.] (Rhet.) A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless repetition of an idea in different words or phrases; a representation of anything as the cause, condition, or consequence of itself, as in the following lines: --
The dawn is overcast, the morning lowers, And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addison.
 Syn. -- Repetition. -- Tautology, Repetition. There may be frequent repetitions (as in legal instruments) which are warranted either by necessity or convenience; but tautology is always a fault, being a sameness of expression which adds nothing to the sense or the sound.

Tautomeric

Tau`to*mer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Relating to, or characterized by, tautomerism.

Tautomerism

Tau*tom"er*ism (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) The condition, quality, or relation of metameric substances, or their respective derivatives, which are more or less interchangeable, according as one form or the other is the more stable. It is a special case of metamerism; thus, the lactam and the lactim compounds exhibit tautomerism.

Tautoousian, Tautoousious

Tau`to*ou"si*an (?), Tau`to*ou"si*ous (?), a. [Gr. Having the same essence; being identically of the same nature. [R.] Cudworth.

Tautophonical

Tau`to*phon"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, tautophony; repeating the same sound.

Tautophony

Tau*toph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. Repetition of the same sound.

Tautozonal

Tau`to*zon"al (?), a. [Gr. zonal.] (Crystallog.) Belonging to the same zone; as, tautozonal planes.

Tavern

Tav"ern (?), n. [OE. taverne, F. taverne, from L. taberna a hut, booth, tavern. Cf. Table, Tabernacle.] A public house where travelers and other transient guests are accomodated with rooms and meals; an inn; a hotel; especially, in modern times, a public house licensed to sell liquor in small quantities.

Taverner

Tav"ern*er (?), n. [F. tavernier, L. tabernarius.] One who keeps a tavern. Chaucer. Camden.

Taverning

Tav"ern*ing, n. A feasting at taverns. [Obs.] "The misrule of our tavernings." Bp. Hall.

Tavernman

Tav"ern*man (?), n.; pl. Tavernmen (. The keeper of a tavern; also, a tippler. [Obs.]

Taw

Taw (?), n. Tow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Taw

Taw, v. t. [Cf. Tew to tow, Tow, v. t.] To push; to tug; to tow. [Obs.] Drayton.

Taw

Taw (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tawing.] [OE. tawen, tewen, AS. t\'bewian to prepare; cf. D. touwen, Goth. t\'c7wa order, taujan to do, and E. tool. \'fb64. Cf. 1st Tew, Tow the coarse part of flax.]

1. To prepare or dress, as hemp, by beating; to tew; hence, to beat; to scourge. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To dress and prepare, as the skins of sheep, lambs, goats, and kids, for gloves, and the like, by imbuing them with alum, salt, and other agents, for softening and bleaching them.

Taw

Taw, n. [Cf. AS. t\'bew instrument.]

1. A large marble to be played with; also, a game at marbles.

2. A line or mark from which the players begin a game of marbles. [Colloq. U.S.]

Tawdrily

Taw"dri*ly (?), adv. In a tawdry manner.

Tawdriness

Taw"dri*ness, n. Quality or state of being tawdry.
A clumsy person makes his ungracefulness more ungraceful by tawdriness of dress. Richardson.

Tawdry

Taw"dry (?), a. [Compar. Tawdrier (?); superl. Tawdriest.] [Said to be corrupted from Saint Audrey, or Auldrey, meaning Saint Ethelreda, implying therefore, originally, bought at the fair of St. Audrey, where laces and gay toys of all sorts were sold. This fair was held in Isle Ely, and probably at other places, on the day of the saint, which was the 17th of October.]

1. Bought at the festival of St. Audrey. [Obs.]

And gird in your waist, For more fineness, with a tawdry lace. Spenser.

2. Very fine and showy in colors, without taste or elegance; having an excess of showy ornaments without grace; cheap and gaudy; as, a tawdry dress; tawdry feathers; tawdry colors.<-- tacky? -->

He rails from morning to night at essenced fops and tawdry courtiers. Spectator.

Tawdry

Taw"dry, n.; pl. Tawdries (. A necklace of a rural fashion, bought at St. Audrey's fair; hence, a necklace in general. [Obs.]
Of which the Naiads and the blue Nereids make Them tawdries for their necks. Drayton.

Tawer

Taw"er (?), n. One who taws; a dresser of white leather.

Tawery

Taw"er*y (?), n. A place where skins are tawed.

Tawniness

Taw"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tawny.

Tawny

Taw"ny (?), a. [Compar. Tawnier (?); superl. Tawniest.] [F. tann\'82, p.p. of tanner to tan. See Tan, v. t. & n. Cf. Tenn\'82.] Of a dull yellowish brown color, like things tanned, or persons who are sunburnt; as, tawny Moor or Spaniard; the tawny lion. "A leopard's tawny and spotted hide." Longfellow.

Taws

Taws (?), n. [See Taw to beat.] A leather lash, or other instrument of punishment, used by a schoolmaster. [Written also tawes, tawis, and tawse.] [Scot.]
Never use the taws when a gloom can do the turn. Ramsay.

Tax

Tax (?), n. [F. taxe, fr. taxer to tax, L. taxare to touch, sharply, to feel, handle, to censure, value, estimate, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch. See Tangent, and cf. Task, Taste.]

1. A charge, especially a pecuniary burden which is imposed by authority. Specifically: -- (a) A charge or burden laid upon persons or property for the support of a government.

A farmer of taxes is, of all creditors, proverbially the most rapacious. Macaulay.
(b) Especially, the sum laid upon specific things, as upon polls, lands, houses, income, etc.; as, a land tax; a window tax; a tax on carriages, and the like. Taxes are annual or perpetual, direct or indirect, etc. (c) A sum imposed or levied upon the members of a society to defray its expenses.

2. A task exacted from one who is under control; a contribution or service, the rendering of which is imposed upon a subject.

3. A disagreeable or burdensome duty or charge; as, a heavy tax on time or health.

4. Charge; censure. [Obs.] Clarendon.

5. A lesson to be learned; a task. [Obs.] Johnson.

Tax cart, a spring cart subject to a low tax. [Eng.] Syn. -- Impost; tribute; contribution; duty; toll; rate; assessment; exaction; custom; demand.
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Tax

Tax (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taxing.] [Cf. F. taxer. See Tax, n.]

1. To subject to the payment of a tax or taxes; to impose a tax upon; to lay a burden upon; especially, to exact money from for the support of government.

We are more heavily taxed by our idleness, pride, and folly than we are taxed by government. Franklin.

2. (Law) To assess, fix, or determine judicially, the amount of; as, to tax the cost of an action in court.

3. To charge; to accuse; also, to censure; -- often followed by with, rarely by of before an indirect object; as, to tax a man with pride.

I tax you, you elements, with unkindness. Shak.
Men's virtues I have commended as freely as I have taxed their crimes. Dryden.
Fear not now that men should tax thine honor. M. Arnold.

Taxability

Tax`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being taxable; taxableness.

Taxable

Tax"a*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of being taxed; liable by law to the assessment of taxes; as, taxable estate; taxable commodities.

2. (Law) That may be legally charged by a court against the plaintiff of defendant in a suit; as, taxable costs. -- Tax"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tax"a*bly, adv.

Taxaspidean

Tax`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the posterior tarsal scales, or scutella, rectangular and arranged in regular rows; -- said of certain birds.

Taxation

Tax*a"tion (?), n. [F. taxation, L. taxatio a valuing, estimation, from L. taxare. See Tax.]

1. The act of laying a tax, or of imposing taxes, as on the subjects of a state, by government, or on the members of a corporation or company, by the proper authority; the raising of revenue; also, a system of raising revenue.

2. (Law) The act of taxing, or assessing a bill of cost.

3. Tax; sum imposed. [R.] Daniel.

4. Charge; accusation. [Obs.] Shak.

Taxel

Tax"el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American badger.

Taxeopoda

Tax`e*op"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Paleon.) An order of extinct Mammalia found in the Tertiary formations.

Taxer

Tax"er (?), n.

1. One who taxes.

2. One of two officers chosen yearly to regulate the assize of bread, and to see the true gauge of weights and measures is observed. [Camb. Univ., Eng.] [Written also taxor.]

Taxgatherer

Tax"gath`er*er (?), n. One who collects taxes or revenues. -- Tax"gath`er*ing, n.

Taxiarch

Tax"i*arch (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An Athenian military officer commanding a certain division of an army. Milford.

Taxicorn

Tax"i*corn (?), n. [L. taxus a yew + cornu a horn: cf. F. taxicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of beetles (Taxicornes) whose antenn\'91 are largest at the tip. Also used adjectively.

Taxidermic

Tax`i*der"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. taxidermique.] Of or pertaining to the art of preparing and preserving the skins of animals.

Taxidermist

Tax"i*der`mist (?), n. A person skilled in taxidermy.

Taxidermy

Tax"i*der`my (?), n. [Gr. taxidermie. See Tactics, Tear, v. t.] The art of preparing, preserving, and mounting the skins of animals so as to represent their natural appearance, as for cabinets.

Taxine

Tax"ine (?), n. [L. taxus a yew.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid of bitter taste extracted from the leaves and seeds of the European yew (Taxus baccata). Called also taxia.<-- a mixture of compounds. Taxine A has form. C35H47NO10

Taxis

Tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.) Manipulation applied to a hernial tumor, or to an intestinal obstruction, for the purpose of reducing it. Dunglison.

Taxless

Tax"less, a. Free from taxation.

Taxology

Tax*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.) Same as Taxonomy.

Taxonomic

Tax`o*nom"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, taxonomy, or the laws and principles of classification; classificatory.

Taxonomist

Tax*on"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in taxonomy.

Taxonomy

Tax*on"o*my (?), n. [Gr. That division of the natural sciences which treats of the classification of animals and plants; the laws or principles of classification.

Taxor

Tax"or (?), n. [NL.] Same as Taxer, n., 2.

Taxpayer

Tax"pay`er (?), n. One who is assessed and pays a tax.

Tayra

Tay"ra (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American carnivore (Galera barbara) allied to the grison. The tail is long and thick. The length, including the tail, is about three feet. [Written also taira.]

Tazel

Ta"zel (?), n. (Bot.) The teasel. [Obs.]

Tazza

Taz"za (?), n. [It.] An ornamental cup or vase with a large, flat, shallow bowl, resting on a pedestal and often having handles.

Tchawytcha

Tcha*wy"tcha (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The quinnat salmon. [Local, U.S.]

T cart

T" cart` (?). See under T.

Tea

Tea (?), n. [Chin. tsh\'be, Prov. Chin. te: cf. F. th\'82.]

1. The prepared leaves of a shrub, or small tree (Thea, ∨ Camellia, Chinensis). The shrub is a native of China, but has been introduced to some extent into some other countries. &hand; Teas are classed as green or black, according to their color or appearance, the kinds being distinguished also by various other characteristic differences, as of taste, odor, and the like. The color, flavor, and quality are dependent upon the treatment which the leaves receive after being gathered. The leaves for green tea are heated, or roasted slightly, in shallow pans over a wood fire, almost immediately after being gathered, after which they are rolled with the hands upon a table, to free them from a portion of their moisture, and to twist them, and are then quickly dried. Those intended for black tea are spread out in the air for some time after being gathered, and then tossed about with the hands until they become soft and flaccid, when they are roasted for a few minutes, and rolled, and having then been exposed to the air for a few hours in a soft and moist state, are finally dried slowly over a charcoal fire. The operation of roasting and rolling is sometimes repeated several times, until the leaves have become of the proper color. The principal sorts of green tea are Twankay, the poorest kind; Hyson skin, the refuse of Hyson; Hyson, Imperial, and Gunpowder, fine varieties; and Young Hyson, a choice kind made from young leaves gathered early in the spring. Those of black tea are Bohea, the poorest kind; Congou; Oolong; Souchong, one of the finest varieties; and Pekoe, a fine-flavored kind, made chiefly from young spring buds. See Bohea, Congou, Gunpowder tea, under Gunpowder, Hyson, Oolong, and Souchong. K. Johnson. Tomlinson. &hand; "No knowledge of . . . [tea] appears to have reached Europe till after the establishment of intercourse between Portugal and China in 1517. The Portuguese, however, did little towards the introduction of the herb into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch established themselves at Bantam early in 17th century, that these adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking, and brought it to Europe." Encyc. Brit.

2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water; as, tea is a common beverage.

3. Any infusion or decoction, especially when made of the dried leaves of plants; as, sage tea; chamomile tea; catnip tea.

4. The evening meal, at which tea is usually served; supper.

Arabian tea, the leaves of Catha edulis; also (Bot.), the plant itself. See Kat. -- Assam tea, tea grown in Assam, in India, originally brought there from China about the year 1850. -- Australian, ∨ Botany Bay, tea (Bot.), a woody clambing plant (Smilax glycyphylla). -- Brazilian tea. (a) The dried leaves of Lantana pseodothea, used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. (b) The dried leaves of Stachytarpheta mutabilis, used for adulterating tea, and also, in Austria, for preparing a beverage. -- Labrador tea. (Bot.) See under Labrador. -- New Jersey tea (Bot.), an American shrub, the leaves of which were formerly used as a substitute for tea; redroot. See Redroot. -- New Zealand tea. (Bot.) See under New Zealand. -- Oswego tea. (Bot.) See Oswego tea. -- Paraguay tea, mate. See 1st Mate. -- Tea board, a board or tray for holding a tea set. -- Tea bug (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect which injures the tea plant by sucking the juice of the tender leaves. -- Tea caddy, a small box for holding tea. -- Tea chest, a small, square wooden case, usually lined with sheet lead or tin, in which tea is imported from China. -- Tea clam (Zo\'94l.), a small quahaug. [Local, U.S.] -- Tea garden, a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served. -- Tea plant (Bot.), any plant, the leaves of which are used in making a beverage by infusion; specifically, Thea Chinensis, from which the tea of commerce is obtained. -- Tea rose (Bot.), a delicate and graceful variety of the rose (Rosa Indica, var. odorata), introduced from China, and so named from its scent. Many varieties are now cultivated. -- Tea service, the appurtenances or utensils required for a tea table, -- when of silver, usually comprising only the teapot, milk pitcher, and sugar dish. -- Tea set, a tea service. -- Tea table, a table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea is drunk. -- Tea taster, one who tests or ascertains the quality of tea by tasting. -- Tea tree (Bot.), the tea plant of China. See Tea plant, above.<-- In Australia and New Zealand, tea tree refers to a tree or tall shrib, Leptospermum scoparium, having white bell-shaped flowers. The leaves are used to prepare an infusion; an oil, tea tree oil, is also derived, and claimed to have therapeutic properties, as for healing burns of the skin. --> -- Tea urn, a vessel generally in the form of an urn or vase, for supplying hot water for steeping, or infusing, tea.

Tea

Tea, v. i. To take or drink tea. [Colloq.]

Teaberry

Tea"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The checkerberry.

Teach

Teach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taught (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teaching.] [OE. techen, imp. taughte, tahte, AS. t, imp. t, to show, teach, akin to t\'becn token. See Token.]

1. To impart the knowledge of; to give intelligence concerning; to impart, as knowledge before unknown, or rules for practice; to inculcate as true or important; to exhibit impressively; as, to teach arithmetic, dancing, music, or the like; to teach morals.

If some men teach wicked things, it must be that others should practice them. South.

2. To direct, as an instructor; to manage, as a preceptor; to guide the studies of; to instruct; to inform; to conduct through a course of studies; as, to teach a child or a class. "He taught his disciples." Mark ix. 31.

The village master taught his little school. Goldsmith.

3. To accustom; to guide; to show; to admonish.

I shall myself to herbs teach you. Chaucer.
They have taught their tongue to speak lies. Jer. ix. 5.
&hand; This verb is often used with two objects, one of the person, the other of the thing; as, he taught me Latin grammar. In the passive construction, either of these objects may be retained in the objective case, while the other becomes the subject; as, I was taught Latin grammar by him; Latin grammar was taught me by him. Syn. -- To instruct; inform; inculcate; tell; guide; counsel; admonish. See the Note under Learn.

Teach

Teach (?), v. i. To give instruction; to follow the business, or to perform the duties, of a preceptor.
And gladly would he learn, and gladly teach. Chaucer.
The priests thereof teach for hire. Micah iii. 11.

Teachable

Teach"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being taught; apt to learn; also, willing to receive instruction; docile.
We ought to bring our minds free, unbiased, and teachable, to learn our religion from the Word of God. I. Watts.

Teachableness

Teach"a*ble*ness, n. Willingness to be taught.

Teache

Teache (?), n. [Cf. Ir. teaghaim, Gael. teasaich, to heat.] (Sugar Works) One of the series of boilers in which the cane juice is treated in making sugar; especially, the last boiler of the series. Ure.

Teacher

Teach"er (?), n.

1. One who teaches or instructs; one whose business or occupation is to instruct others; an instructor; a tutor.

2. One who instructs others in religion; a preacher; a minister of the gospel; sometimes, one who preaches without regular ordination.

The teachers in all the churches assembled. Sir W. Raleigh.

Teaching

Teach"ing, n. The act or business of instructing; also, that which is taught; instruction. Syn. -- Education; instruction; breeding. See Education.

Teachless

Teach"less, a. Not teachable. [R.] Shelley.

Teacup

Tea"cup` (?), n. A small cup from which to drink tea.

Teacupful

Tea"cup`ful (?), n.; pl. Teacupfuls (. As much as a teacup can hold; enough to fill a teacup.

Tead, Teade

Tead, Teade (?), n. [L. taeda, teda.] A torch. [Obs.] "A burning teade." Spenser.

Teagle

Tea"gle (?), n. [Cf. Tackle.] A hoisting apparatus; an elevator; a crane; a lift. [Prov. Eng.]

Teague

Teague (?), n. [Cf. W. taeog, taeawg, adj., rustic, rude, n., a vassal, villain, pleasant, clown, Ir. th rural, boorish.] An Irishman; -- a term used in contempt. Johnson.

Teak

Teak (?), n. [Malayalm tekku.] (Bot.) A tree of East Indies (Tectona grandis) which furnishes an extremely strong and durable timber highly valued for shipbuilding and other purposes; also, the timber of the tree. [Written also teek.] African teak, a tree (Oldfieldia Africana) of Sierra Leone; also, its very heavy and durable wood; -- called also African oak. -- New Zeland teak, a large tree (Vitex littoralis) of New Zeland; also, its hard, durable timber.

Teakettle

Tea"ket`tle (?), n. A kettle in which water is boiled for making tea, coffee, etc.

Teal

Teal (?), n. [OE. tele; akin to D. teling a generation, production, teal, telen to breed, produce, and E. till to cultivate. The English word probably once meant, a brood or flock. See Till to cultivate.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small fresh-water ducks of the genus Anas and the subgenera Querquedula and Nettion. The male is handsomely colored, and has a bright green or blue speculum on the wings. &hand; The common European teal (Anas crecca) and the European blue-winged teal, or garganey (A. querquedula or A. circia), are well-known species. In America the blue-winged teal (A. discors), the green-winged teal (A. Carolinensis), and the cinnamon teal (A. cynaoptera) are common species, valued as game birds. See Garganey. Goose teal, a goslet. See Goslet. -- Teal duck, the common European teal.

Team

Team (?), n. [OE. tem, team, AS. te\'a0m, offspring, progeny, race of descendants, family; akin to D. toom a bridle, LG. toom progeny, team, bridle, G. zaum a bridle, zeugen to beget, Icel. taumr to rein, bridle, Dan. t\'94mme, Sw. t\'94m, and also to E. tow to drag, tug to draw. \'fb64. See Tug, and cf. Teem to bear.]

1. A group of young animals, especially of young ducks; a brood; a litter.

A team of ducklings about her. Holland.

2. Hence, a number of animals moving together.

A long team of snowy swans on high. Dryden.

3. Two or more horses, oxen, or other beasts harnessed to the same vehicle for drawing, as to a coach, wagon, sled, or the like. "A team of dolphins." Spenser.

To take his team and till the earth. Piers Plowman.
It happened almost every day that coaches stuck fast, until a team of cattle could be procured from some neighboring farm to tug them out of the slough. Macaulay.

4. A number of persons associated together in any work; a gang; especially, a number of persons selected to contend on one side in a match, or a series of matches, in a cricket, football, rowing, etc.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A flock of wild ducks.

6. (O. Eng. Law) A royalty or privilege granted by royal charter to a lord of a manor, of having, keeping, and judging in his court, his bondmen, neifes, and villains, and their offspring, or suit, that is, goods and chattels, and appurtenances thereto. Burrill.

Page 1479

Team

Team (?), v. i. To engage in the occupation of driving a team of horses, cattle, or the like, as in conveying or hauling lumber, goods, etc.; to be a teamster. <-- team up, to form one or more teams, either for a common endeavor, or to compete in a contest. -->

Team

Team, v. t. To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber. [R.] Thoreau.

Teamed

Teamed (?), a. Yoked in, or as in, a team. [Obs.]
Let their teamed fishes softly swim. Spenser.

Teaming

Team"ing (?), n.

1. The act or occupation of driving a team, or of hauling or carrying, as logs, goods, or the like, with a team.

2. (Manuf.) Contract work. [R.] Knight.

Teamster

Team"ster (?), n. One who drives a team.

Teamwork

Team"work` (?), n. Work done by a team, as distinguished from that done by personal labor.

Teapot

Tea"pot` (?), n. A vessel with a spout, in which tea is made, and from which it is poured into teacups.

Teapoy

Tea"poy (?), n. [Hind. tip\'bei; Hind. tin there + Per. p\'bee foot.] An ornamental stand, usually with three legs, having caddies for holding tea.

Tear

Tear (?), n. [AS. te\'a0r; akin to G. z\'84rhe, OHG. zahar, OFries. & Icel. t\'ber, Sw. t\'86r, Dan. taare, Goth. tagr, OIr. d\'c7r, W. dagr, OW. dacr, L. lacrima, lacruma, for older dacruma, Gr. Lachrymose.]

1. (Physiol.) A drop of the limpid, saline fluid secreted, normally in small amount, by the lachrymal gland, and diffused between the eye and the eyelids to moisten the parts and facilitate their motion. Ordinarily the secretion passes through the lachrymal duct into the nose, but when it is increased by emotion or other causes, it overflows the lids.

And yet for thee ne wept she never a tear. Chaucer.

2. Something in the form of a transparent drop of fluid matter; also, a solid, transparent, tear-shaped drop, as of some balsams or resins.

Let Araby extol her happy coast, Her fragrant flowers, her trees with precious tears. Dryden.

3. That which causes or accompanies tears; a lament; a dirge. [R.] "Some melodous tear." Milton. &hand; Tear is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, tear-distilling, tear-drop, tear-filled, tear-stained, and the like.

Tear

Tear (?), v. t. [imp. Tore (?), ((Obs. Tare) (; p. p. Torn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tearing.] [OE. teren, AS. teran; akin to OS. farterian to destroy, D. teren to consume, G. zerren to pull, to tear, zehren to consume, Icel. t\'91ra, Goth. gata\'a1ran to destroy, Lith. dirti to flay, Russ. drate to pull, to tear, Gr. dar to burst. \'fb63. Cf. Darn, Epidermis, Tarre, Tirade.]

1. To separate by violence; to pull apart by force; to rend; to lacerate; as, to tear cloth; to tear a garment; to tear the skin or flesh.

Tear him to pieces; he's a conspirator. Shak.

2. Hence, to divide by violent measures; to disrupt; to rend; as, a party or government torn by factions.

3. To rend away; to force away; to remove by force; to sunder; as, a child torn from its home.

The hand of fate Hath torn thee from me. Addison.

4. To pull with violence; as, to tear the hair.

5. To move violently; to agitate. "Once I loved torn ocean's roar." Byron.

To tear a cat, to rant violently; to rave; -- especially applied to theatrical ranting. [Obs.] Shak. -- To tear down, to demolish violently; to pull or pluck down. -- To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip. -- To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the eyes. -- To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence; as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundation of government or order.<-- tear sheet, (a) a sheet usu. with performations, intended to be torn from a book or booklet to be used for some purpose. (b) any sheet torn from a publication. -->

Tear

Tear (?), v. i.

1. To divide or separate on being pulled; to be rent; as, this cloth tears easily.

2. To move and act with turbulent violence; to rush with violence; hence, to rage; to rave.

Tear

Tear (?), n. The act of tearing, or the state of being torn; a rent; a fissure. Macaulay. Wear and tear. See under Wear, n.

Tearer

Tear"er (?), n. One who tears or rends anything; also, one who rages or raves with violence.

Tear-falling

Tear"-fall`ing (?), a. Shedding tears; tender. [Poetic] "Tear-falling pity." Shak.

Tearful

Tear"ful (?), a. Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes. -- Tear"ful*ly, adv. -- Tear"ful*ness, n.

Tearless

Tear"less, a. Shedding no tears; free from tears; unfeeling. -- Tear"less*ly, adv. -- Tear"less*ness, n.

Tearpit

Tear"pit` (?), n. (Anat.) A cavity or pouch beneath the lower eyelid of most deer and antelope; the lachrymal sinus; larmier. It is capable of being opened at pleasure and secretes a waxy substance.

Tear-thumb

Tear"-thumb` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of plants of the genus Polygonum, having angular stems beset with minute reflexed prickles.

Teary

Tear"y (?), a.

1. Wet with tears; tearful.

2. Consisting of tears, or drops like tears.

Tea-saucer

Tea"-sau`cer (?), n. A small saucer in which a teacup is set.

Tease

Tease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teasing.] [AS. t to pluck, tease; akin to OD. teesen, MHG. zeisen, Dan. t\'91se, t\'91sse. \'fb58. Cf. Touse.]

1. To comb or card, as wool or flax. "Teasing matted wool." Wordsworth.

2. To stratch, as cloth, for the purpose of raising a nap; teasel.

3. (Anat.) To tear or separate into minute shreds, as with needles or similar instruments.

4. To vex with importunity or impertinence; to harass, annoy, disturb, or irritate by petty requests, or by jests and raillery; to plague. Cowper.

He . . . suffered them to tease him into acts directly opposed to his strongest inclinations. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To vex; harass: annoy; disturb; irritate; plague; torment; mortify; tantalize; chagrin. -- Tease, Vex. To tease is literally to pull or scratch, and implies a prolonged annoyance in respect to little things, which is often more irritating, and harder to bear, than severe pain. Vex meant originally to seize and bear away hither and thither, and hence, to disturb; as, to vex the ocean with storms. This sense of the term now rarely occurs; but vex is still a stronger word than tease, denoting the disturbance or anger created by minor provocations, losses, disappointments, etc. We are teased by the buzzing of a fly in our eyes; we are vexed by the carelessness or stupidity of our servants.
Not by the force of carnal reason, But indefatigable teasing. Hudibras.
In disappointments, where the affections have been strongly placed, and the expectations sanguine, particularly where the agency of others is concerned, sorrow may degenerate into vexation and chagrin. Cogan.
Tease tenon (Joinery), a long tenon at the top of a post to receive two beams crossing each other one above the other.

Tease

Tease (?), n. One who teases or plagues. [Colloq.]

Teasel

Tea"sel (?), n. [OE. tesel, AS. t, t, the fuller's herb. See Tease.] [Written also tassel, tazel, teasle, teazel, and teazle.]

1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Dipsacus, of which one species (D. fullonum) bears a large flower head covered with stiff, prickly, hooked bracts. This flower head, when dried, is used for raising a nap on woolen cloth. &hand; Small teasel is Dipsacus pilosus, wild teasel is D. sylvestris.

2. A bur of this plant.

3. Any contrivance intended as a substitute for teasels in dressing cloth.

Teasel frame, a frame or set of iron bars in which teasel heads are fixed for raising the nap on woolen cloth.

Teasel

Tea"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teaseled (?) or Teaselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Teaseling or Teaselling.] To subject, as woolen cloth, to the action of teasels, or any substitute for them which has an effect to raise a nap.

Teaseler

Tea"sel*er (?), n. One who uses teasels for raising a nap on cloth. [Written also teaseller, teasler.]

Teaseling

Tea"sel*ing, n. The cutting and gathering of teasels; the use of teasels. [Written also teaselling, teazling.]

Teaser

Teas"er (?), n.

1. One who teases or vexes.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A jager gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Teasle

Tea"sle (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

Teaspoon

Tea"spoon` (?), n. A small spoon used in stirring and sipping tea, coffee, etc., and for other purposes.

Teaspoonful

Tea"spoon`ful (?), n.; pl. Teaspoonfuls (. As much as teaspoon will hold; enough to fill a teaspoon; -- usually reckoned at a fluid dram or one quarter of a tablespoonful.

Teat

Teat (?), n. [OE. tete, titte, AS. tit, titt; akin to LG. & OD. titte, D. tet, G. zitze: cf. F. tette, probably of Teutonic origin.]

1. The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder or breast of a mammal; a nipple; a pap; a mammilla; a dug; a tit.

2. (Mach.) A small protuberance or nozzle resembling the teat of an animal.

Teated

Teat"ed, a. Having protuberances resembling the teat of an animal.

Teathe

Teathe (?), n. & v. See Tath. [Prov. Eng.]

Teatish

Teat"ish (?), a. Peevish; tettish; fretful; -- said of a child. See Tettish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Teaze-hole

Teaze"-hole` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tisard fire door.] (Glass Works) The opening in the furnaces through which fuel is introduced.

Teazel

Tea"zel (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

Teazer

Tea"zer (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tiser to feed a fire.] The stoker or fireman of a furnace, as in glass works. Tomlinson.

Teazle

Tea"zle (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

Tebeth

Te"beth (?), n. [Heb.] The tenth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of December with a part of January. Esther ii. 16.

Techily

Tech"i*ly (?), adv. In a techy manner.

Techiness

Tech"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being techy.

Technic

Tech"nic (?), a. Technical.

Technic

Tech"nic, n. [See Technical, a.]

1. The method of performance in any art; technical skill; artistic execution; technique.

They illustrate the method of nature, not the technic of a manlike Artificer. Tyndall.

2. pl. Technical terms or objects; things pertaining to the practice of an art or science.

Technical

Tech"nic*al (?), a. [Gr. text: cf. F. technique.] Of or pertaining to the useful or mechanic arts, or to any science, business, or the like; specially appropriate to any art, science, or business; as, the words of an indictment must be technical. Blackstone.

Technicality

Tech`ni*cal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Technicalities (.

1. The quality or state of being technical; technicalness.

2. That which is technical, or peculiar to any trade, profession, sect, or the like.

The technicalities of the sect. Palfrey.

Technically

Tech"nic*al*ly (?), adv. In a technical manner; according to the signification of terms as used in any art, business, or profession.

Technicalness

Tech"nic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being technical; technicality.

Technicals

Tech"nic*als (?), n. pl. Those things which pertain to the practical part of an art, science, or profession; technical terms; technics.

Technicist

Tech"ni*cist (?), n. One skilled to technics or in one or more of the practical arts.

Technicological

Tech`ni*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Technological; technical. [R.] Dr. J. Scott.

Technicology

Tech`ni*col"o*gy (?), n. Technology. [R.]

Technics

Tech"nics (?), n. The doctrine of arts in general; such branches of learning as respect the arts.

Technique

Tech`nique" (?), n. [F.] Same as Technic, n.

Technism

Tech"nism (?), n. Technicality.

Technologic

Tech`no*log"ic (?), a. Technological.

Technological

Tech`no*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. technologique.] Of or pertaining to technology.

Technologist

Tech*nol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in technology; one who treats of arts, or of the terms of arts.

Technology

Tech*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy; cf. Gr. technologie.] Industrial science; the science of systematic knowledge of the industrial arts, especially of the more important manufactures, as spinning, weaving, metallurgy, etc. &hand; Technology is not an independent science, having a set of doctrines of its own, but consists of applications of the principles established in the various physical sciences (chemistry, mechanics, mineralogy, etc.) to manufacturing processes. Internat. Cyc.

Techy

Tech"y (?), a. [From OE. tecche, tache, a habit, bad habit, vice, OF. tache, teche, a spot, stain, blemish, habit, vice, F. tache a spot, blemish; probably akin to E. tack a small nail. See Tack a small nail, and cf. Touchy.] Peevish; fretful; irritable.

Tectibranch

Tec`ti*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tectibranchiata. Also used adjectively.

Tectibranchia

Tec`ti*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] Same as Tectibranchiata.

Tectibranchiata

Tec`ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tectus (p.p. of tegere to cover) + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, of gastropod Mollusca in which the gills are usually situated on one side of the back, and protected by a fold of the mantle. When there is a shell, it is usually thin and delicate and often rudimentary. The aplysias and the bubble shells are examples.

Tectibranchiate

Tec`ti*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. tectus (p.p. of tegere to cover) + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the gills covered by the mantle; of or pertaining to the Tectibranchiata. -- n. A tectibranchiate mollusk.

Tectly

Tect"ly (?), adv. [L. tectus covered, fr. tegere to cover.] Covertly; privately; secretly. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Tectology

Tec*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.) A division of morphology created by Haeckel; the science of organic individuality constituting the purely structural portion of morphology, in which the organism is regarded as composed of organic individuals of different orders, each organ being considered an individual. See Promorphology, and Morphon.

Tectonic

Tec*ton"ic (?), a. [L. tectonicus, Gr. Of or pertaining to building or construction; architectural.

Tectonics

Tec*ton"ics (?), n. The science, or the art, by which implements, vessels, dwellings, or other edifices, are constructed, both agreeably to the end for which they are designed, and in conformity with artistic sentiments and ideas.

Tectorial

Tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tectorius.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to covering; -- applied to a membrane immediately over the organ of Corti in the internal ear.

Tectrices

Tec"tri*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tegere, tectum, to cover.] (Zo\'94l.) The wing coverts of a bird. See Covert, and Illust. of Bird.

Tecum

Te"cum (?), n. (Bot.) See Tucum.

Ted

Ted (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tedded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tedding.] [Prob. fr. Icel. te to spread manure, fr. ta manure; akin to MHG. zetten to scatter, spread. \'fb58. Cf. Teathe.] To spread, or turn from the swath, and scatter for drying, as new-mowed grass; -- chiefly used in the past participle.
The smell of grain or tedded grass. Milton.
The tedded hay and corn sheaved in one field. Coleridge.

Tedder

Ted"der (?), n. A machine for stirring and spreading hay, to expedite its drying.

Tedder

Ted"der, n. [OE. \'fb64. See Tether.] Same as Tether.

Tedder

Ted"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teddering.] Same as Tether.

Te Deum

Te` De"um (?). [L., from te (accus. of tu thou) + Deum, accus. of Deus God. See Thou, and Deity.]

1. An ancient and celebrated Christian hymn, of uncertain authorship, but often ascribed to St. Ambrose; -- so called from the first words "Te Deum laudamus." It forms part of the daily matins of the Roman Catholic breviary, and is sung on all occasions of thanksgiving. In its English form, commencing with words, "We praise thee, O God," it forms a part of the regular morning service of the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church in America.

2. A religious service in which the singing of the hymn forms a principal part.

Tedge

Tedge (?), n. (Founding) The gate of a mold, through which the melted metal is poured; runner, geat.

Tediosity

Te`di*os"i*ty (?), n. Tediousness. [Obs.]

Tedious

Te"di*ous (?), a. [L. taediosus, fr. taedium. See Tedium.] Involving tedium; tiresome from continuance, prolixity, slowness, or the like; wearisome. -- Te"di*ous*ly, adv. -- Te"di*ous*ness, n.
I see a man's life is a tedious one. Shak.
I would not be tedious to the court. Bunyan.
Syn. -- Wearisome; fatiguing. See Irksome.
Page 1480

Tedium

Te"di*um (?), n. [L. taedium, fr. taedet it disgusts, it wearies one.] Irksomeness; wearisomeness; tediousness. [Written also t\'91dium.] Cowper.
To relieve the tedium, he kept plying them with all manner of bams. Prof. Wilson.
The tedium of his office reminded him more strongly of the willing scholar, and his thoughts were rambling. Dickens.

Tee

Tee (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tj\'be to show, mark.] (a) The mark aimed at in curling and in quoits. (b) The nodule of earth <-- or short peg stuck into the ground --> from which the ball is struck in golf.

Tee

Tee, n. A short piece of pipe having a lateral outlet, used to connect a line of pipe with a pipe at a right angle with the line; -- so called because it resembles the letter T in shape.

Tee iron

Tee" i`ron (?). See T iron, under T.

Teek

Teek (?), n. (Bot.) See Teak. [Obs.]

Teel

Teel (?), n. Sesame. [Sometimes written til.] Teel oil, sesame oil.

Teelseed

Teel"seed` (?), n. The seed of sesame.

Teem

Teem (?), v. t. [Icel. t\'91ma to empty, from t\'d3mr empty; akin to Dan. t\'94mme to empty, Sw. t\'94mma. See Toom to empty.]

1. To pour; -- commonly followed by out; as, to teem out ale. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Swift.

2. (Steel Manuf.) To pour, as steel, from a melting pot; to fill, as a mold, with molten metal.

Teem

Teem, v. t. [See Tame, a., and cf. Beteem.] To think fit. [Obs. or R.] G. Gifford.

Teem

Teem, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teeming.] [OE. temen, AS. t\'c7man, t, from te\'a0m. See Team.]

1. To bring forth young, as an animal; to produce fruit, as a plant; to bear; to be pregnant; to conceive; to multiply.

If she must teem, Create her child of spleen. Shak.

2. To be full, or ready to bring forth; to be stocked to overflowing; to be prolific; to abound.

His mind teeming with schemes of future deceit to cover former villainy. Sir W. Scott.
The young, brimful of the hopes and feeling which teem in our time. F. Harrison.

Teem

Teem, v. t. To produce; to bring forth. [R.]
That [grief] of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker; Each minute teems a new one. Shak.

Teemer

Teem"er (?), n. One who teems, or brings forth.

Teemful

Teem"ful (?), a.

1. Pregnant; prolific. [Obs.]

2. Brimful. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Teeming

Teem"ing, a. Prolific; productive.
Teeming buds and cheerful appear. Dryden.

Teemless

Teem"less, a. Not fruitful or prolific; barren; as, a teemless earth. [Poetic] Dryden.

Teen

Teen (?), n. [OE. tene, AS. te\'a2na reproach, wrong, fr. te\'a2n to accuse; akin to G. zeihen, Goth. gateihan to tell, announce, L. dicere to say. See Token.] Grief; sorrow; affiction; pain. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser.
With public toil and private teen Thou sank'st alone. M. Arnold.

Teen

Teen, v. t. [AS. te\'a2nian, t, to slander, vex. \'fb64. See Teen, n.] To excite; to provoke; to vex; to affict; to injure. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Teen

Teen, v. t. [See Tine to shut.] To hedge or fence in; to inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Teenage

Teen"age (?), n. The longer wood for making or mending fences. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Teend

Teend (?), v. t. & i. [See Tinder.] To kindle; to burn. [Obs.] Herrick.

Teenful

Teen"ful (?), a. Full of teen; harmful; grievous; grieving; afflicted. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Teens

Teens (?), n. pl. [See Ten.] The years of one's age having the termination -teen, beginning with thirteen and ending with nineteen; as, a girl in her teens.

Teeny

Tee"ny (?), a. Very small; tiny. [Colloq.]

Teeny

Teen"y (?), a. [See Teen grief.] Fretful; peevish; pettish; cross. [Prov. Eng.]

Teeong

Tee*ong" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The mino bird.

Teest

Teest (?), n. A tinsmith's stake, or small anvil.

Teetan

Tee"tan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

Teetee

Tee"tee (?), n. [Sp. tit\'a1.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small, soft-furred South American monkeys belonging to Callithrix, Chrysothrix, and allied genera; as, the collared teetee (Callithrix torquatus), and the squirrel teetee (Chrysothrix sciurea). Called also pinche, titi, and saimiri. See Squirrel monkey, under Squirrel.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A diving petrel of Australia (Halodroma wrinatrix).

Teeter

Tee"ter (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Teetered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teetering.] [Prov. E. titter to tremble, to seesaw; cf. Icel. titra to tremble, OHG. zittar\'d3n, G. zittern.] To move up and down on the ends of a balanced plank, or the like, as children do for sport; to seesaw; to titter; to titter-totter. [U. S.]
[The bobolink] alit upon the flower, and teetered up and down. H. W. Beecher.

Teeter-tail

Tee"ter-tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted sandpiper. See the Note under Sandpiper.

Teeth

Teeth (?), n., pl. of Tooth.

Teeth

Teeth (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teethed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teething.] To breed, or grow, teeth.

Teething

Teeth"ing (?), n. The process of the first growth of teeth, or the phenomena attending their issue through the gums; dentition.

Teetotal

Tee*to"tal (?), a. Entire; total. [Colloq.]

Teetotaler

Tee*to"tal*er (?), n. One pledged to entire abstinence from all intoxicating drinks.

Teetotalism

Tee*to"tal*ism (?), n. The principle or practice of entire abstinence, esp. from intoxicating drinks.

Teetotally

Tee*to"tal*ly (?), adv. Entirely; totally. [Colloq.]

Teetotum

Tee*to"tum (?), n. [For T-totum. It was used for playing games of chance, and was four-sided, one side having the letter T on it, standing for Latin totum all, meaning, take all that is staked, whence the name. The other three sides each had a letter indicating an English or Latin word; as P meaning put down, N nothing or L. nil, H half. See Total.] A child's toy, somewhat resembling a top, and twirled by the fingers.
The staggerings of the gentleman . . . were like those of a teetotum nearly spent. Dickens.

Teetuck

Tee"tuck (?), n. The rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]

Teeuck

Tee"uck (?), n. The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

Teewit

Tee"wit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pewit. [Prov. Eng.]

Teg

Teg (?), n. A sheep in its second year; also, a doe in its second year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tegmen

Teg"men (?), n.; pl. Tegmina (#). [L., fr. tegere, tectum, to cover.]

1. A tegument or covering.

2. (Bot.) The inner layer of the coating of a seed, usually thin and delicate; the endopleura.

3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the elytra of an insect, especially of certain Orthoptera.

4. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tectrices.

Tegmental

Teg*men"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a tegument or tegmentum; as, the tegmental layer of the epiblast; the tegmental cells of the taste buds.

Tegmentum

Teg*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Tegmenta (#). [L., a covering.] (Anat.) A covering; -- applied especially to the bundles of longitudinal fibers in the upper part of the crura of the cerebrum.

Teguexin

Te*guex"in (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South American lizard (Tejus teguexin). It becomes three or four feet long, and is blackish above, marked with yellowish spots of various sizes. It feeds upon fruits, insects, reptiles, young birds, and birds' eggs. The closely allied species Tejus rufescens is called red teguexin.

Tegula

Teg"u*la (?), n.; pl. Tegul\'91 (#). [L., a tile, dim. fr. tegere to cover.] (Zo\'94l.) A small appendage situated above the base of the wings of Hymenoptera and attached to the mesonotum.

Tegular

Teg"u*lar (?), a. [LL. tegularis, from L. tegula a tile. See Tile.] Of or pertaining to a tile; resembling a tile, or arranged like tiles; consisting of tiles; as, a tegular pavement. -- Teg"u*lar*ly, adv.

Tegulated

Teg`u*la"ted (?), a. Composed of small plates, as of horn or metal, overlapping like tiles; -- said of a kind of ancient armor. Fairholt.

Tegument

Teg"u*ment (?), n. [L. tegumentum, from tegere to cover. See Thatch, n., and cf. Detect, Protect.]

1. A cover or covering; an integument.

2. Especially, the covering of a living body, or of some part or organ of such a body; skin; hide.

Tegumentary

Teg`u*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82gumentaire.] Of or pertaining to a tegument or teguments; consisting of teguments; serving as a tegument or covering.

Te-hee

Te-hee" (?), n. & interj. A tittering laugh; a titter. "'Te-hee,' quoth she." Chaucer.

Te-hee

Te-hee", v. i. To titter; to laugh derisively.
She cried, "Come, come; you must not look grave upon me." Upon this, I te-heed. Madame D'Arblay.

Teil

Teil (?), n. [OF. teil, til, L. tilia.] (Bot.) The lime tree, or linden; -- called also teil tree.

Teind

Teind (?), n. [Cf. Icel. t\'c6und. See Tithe.] A tithe. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Teine

Teine (?), n. See Teyne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Teinland

Tein"land (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) Land granted by the crown to a thane or lord. Burrill.

Teinoscope

Tei"no*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An instrument formed by combining prisms so as to correct the chromatic aberration of the light while linear dimensions of objects seen through the prisms are increased or diminished; -- called also prism telescope. Sir D. Brewster.

Teint

Teint (?), n. [F. teint, teinte. See Tint.] Tint; color; tinge, See Tint. [Obs.]
Time shall . . . embrown the teint. Dryden.

Teinture

Tein"ture (?), n. [F. See Tincture.] Color; tinge; tincture. [Obs.] Holland.

Tek

Tek (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A Siberian ibex.

Telamones

Tel`a*mo"nes (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of telamo or telamon, Gr. (Arch.) Same as Atlantes.

Telangiectasis

Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Dilatation of the capillary vessels.

Telangiectasy

Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sy (?), n. (Med.) Telangiectasis.

Telarly

Te"lar*ly (?), adv. In a weblike manner. [Obs.] "Telarly interwoven." Sir T. Browne.

Telary

Te"la*ry (?), a. [LL. telaris, fr. L. tela a web. See Toil a snare.] Of or pertaining to a web; hence, spinning webs; retiary. "Pictures of telary spiders." Sir T. Browne.

Teledu

Tel"e*du (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian carnivore (Mydaus meliceps) allied to the badger, and noted for the very offensive odor that it emits, somewhat resembling that of a skunk. It is a native of the high mountains of Java and Sumatra, and has long, silky fur. Called also stinking badger, and stinkard.

Telegram

Tel"e*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] A message sent by telegraph; a telegraphic dispatch. &hand; "A friend desires us to give notice that he will ask leave, at some convenient time, to introduce a new word into the vocabulary. It is telegram, instead of telegraphic dispatch, or telegraphic communication." Albany [N. Y.] Evening Journal (April 6, 1852).

Telegrammic

Tel`e*gram*mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a telegram; laconic; concise; brief. [R.]

Telegraph

Tel"e*graph (?), n. [Gr. toli) + -graph: cf. F. t\'82l\'82graphe. See Graphic.] An apparatus, or a process, for communicating intelligence rapidly between distant points, especially by means of preconcerted visible or audible signals representing words or ideas, or by means of words and signs, transmitted by electrical action. &hand; The instruments used are classed as indicator, type-printing, symbol-printing, or chemical-printing telegraphs, according as the intelligence is given by the movements of a pointer or indicator, as in Cooke & Wheatstone's (the form commonly used in England), or by impressing, on a fillet of paper, letters from types, as in House's and Hughe's, or dots and marks from a sharp point moved by a magnet, as in Morse's, or symbols produced by electro-chemical action, as in Bain's. In the offices in the United States the recording instrument is now little used, the receiving operator reading by ear the combinations of long and short intervals of sound produced by the armature of an electro-magnet as it is put in motion by the opening and breaking of the circuit, which motion, in registering instruments, traces upon a ribbon of paper the lines and dots used to represent the letters of the alphabet. See Illustration in Appendix. Acoustic telegraph. See under Acoustic. -- Dial telegraph, a telegraph in which letters of the alphabet and numbers or other symbols are placed upon the border of a circular dial plate at each station, the apparatus being so arranged that the needle or index of the dial at the receiving station accurately copies the movements of that at the sending station. -- Electric telegraph, ∨ Electro-magnetic telegraph, a telegraph in which an operator at one station causes words or signs to be made at another by means of a current of electricity, generated by a battery and transmitted over an intervening wire. -- Facsimile telegraph. See under Facsimile. -- Indicator telegraph. See under Indicator. -- Pan-telegraph, an electric telegraph by means of which a drawing or writing, as an autographic message, may be exactly reproduced at a distant station. -- Printing telegraph, an electric telegraph which automatically prints the message as it is received at a distant station, in letters, not signs. -- Signal telegraph, a telegraph in which preconcerted signals, made by a machine, or otherwise, at one station, are seen or heard and interpreted at another; a semaphore. -- Submarine telegraph cable, a telegraph cable laid under water to connect stations separated by a body of water. -- Telegraph cable, a telegraphic cable consisting of several conducting wires, inclosed by an insulating and protecting material, so as to bring the wires into compact compass for use on poles, or to form a strong cable impervious to water, to be laid under ground, as in a town or city, or under water, as in the ocean. -- Telegraph plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Desmodium gyrans) native of the East Indies. The leaflets move up and down like the signals of a semaphore.

Telegraph

Tel"e*graph (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Telegraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telegraphing (?).] [F. t\'82l\'82graphier.] To convey or announce by telegraph.

Telegrapher

Te*leg"ra*pher (?), n. One who sends telegraphic messages; a telegraphic operator; a telegraphist.

Telegraphic

Tel`e*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82graphique.] Of or pertaining to the telegraph; made or communicated by a telegraph; as, telegraphic signals; telegraphic art; telegraphic intelligence.

Telegraphical

Tel`e*graph"ic*al (?), a. Telegraphic. -- Tel`e*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Telegraphist

Te*leg"ra*phist (?), n. One skilled in telegraphy; a telegrapher.

Telegraphy

Te*leg"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82graphie.] The science or art of constructing, or of communicating by means of, telegraphs; as, submarine telegraphy.

Telemeter

Te*lem"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument used for measuring the distance of an object from an observer; as, a telescope with a micrometer for measuring the apparent diameter of an object whose real dimensions are known. <-- A measuring instrument which sends the information obtained from its sensors by radio to a base station. Such instruments are used for measuring conditions in space or in other locations difficult of access for humans observers, or merely to allow one observer to monitor conditions in many places simultaneaously. Telemetry. The science or process of making remote measurements and sending the data by radio. -->

Teleocephial

Te`le*o*ceph"i*al (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of bony fishes including most of the common market species, as bass, salmon, cod, perch, etc.

Teleological

Te`le*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82ologique.] (Biol.) Of or pertaining to teleology, or the doctrine of design. -- Te`le*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Teleologist

Te`le*ol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in teleology.

Teleology

Te`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. teleos, the end or issue + -logy: cf. F. t\'82l\'82ologie.] The doctrine of the final causes of things; specif. (Biol.), the doctrine of design, which assumes that the phenomena of organic life, particularly those of evolution, are explicable only by purposive causes, and that they in no way admit of a mechanical explanation or one based entirely on biological science; the doctrine of adaptation to purpose.

Teleophore

Te"le*o*phore` (?), n. [Gr. teleos complete + (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gonotheca.

Teleorganic

Te`le*or*gan"ic (?), a. [Gr. teleos complete + E. organic.] (Physiol.) Vital; as, teleorganic functions.

Teleosaur

Te`le*o*saur" (?), n. (Paleon.) Any one of several species of fossil suarians belonging to Teleosaurus and allied genera. These reptiles are related to the crocodiles, but have biconcave vertebr\'91.

Teleosaurus

Te`le*o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct crocodilian reptiles of the Jurassic period, having a long and slender snout.

Teleost

Te"le*ost (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Teleosti. Also used adjectively.

Teleostean

Te`le*os"te*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the teleosts. -- n. A teleostean fish.

Teleostei

Te`le*os"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A subclass of fishes including all the ordinary bony fishes as distinguished from the ganoids.
Page 1481

Teleostomi

Te"le*os`to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of fishes including the ordinary fishes (Teleostei) and the ganoids.

Teleozoic

Te`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having tissued composed of cells.

Teleozo\'94n

Te*le*o*zo"\'94n (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A metazoan.

Telepathy

Te*lep"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. The sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts, feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication through the ordinary channels of sensation. -- Tel`e*path"ic, a. -- Te*lep"a*thist, n.

Telepheme

Tel"e*pheme (?), n. [Gr. A message by a telephone. [Recent]

Telephone

Tel"e*phone (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) An instrument for reproducing sounds, especially articulate speech, at a distance. &hand; The ordinary telephone consists essentially of a device by which currents of electricity, produced by sounds through the agency of certain mechanical devices and exactly corresponding in duration and intensity to the vibrations of the air which attend them, are transmitted to a distant station, and there, acting on suitable mechanism, reproduce similar sounds by repeating the vibrations. The necessary variations in the electrical currents are usually produced by means of a microphone attached to a thin diaphragm upon which the voice acts, and are intensified by means of an induction coil. In the magnetic telephone, or magneto-telephone, the diaphragm is of soft iron placed close to the pole of a magnet upon which is wound a coil of fine wire, and its vibrations produce corresponding vibrable currents in the wire by induction. The mechanical, or string, telephone is a device in which the voice or sound causes vibrations in a thin diaphragm, which are directly transmitted along a wire or string connecting it to a similar diaphragm at the remote station, thus reproducing the sound. It does not employ electricity.

Telephone

Tel"e*phone, v. t. To convey or announce by telephone.

Telephonic

Tel`e*phon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82phonique. See Telephone.]

1. Conveying sound to a great distance.

2. Of or pertaining to the telephone; by the telephone.

Telephonically

Tel`e*phon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. By telephonic means or processes; by the use of the telephone.

Telephony

Te*leph"o*ny (?), n. The art or process of reproducing sounds at a distance, as with the telephone.

Telepolariscope

Tel`e*po*lar"i*scope (?), n. [Gr. polariscope.] (Opt.) A polariscope arranged to be attached to a telescope. Lockyer.

Telerythin

Tel`e*ryth"in (?), n. [Gr. erythrin.] (Chem.) A red crystalline compound related to, or produced from, erythrin. So called because regarded as the end of the series of erythrin compounds.

Telescope

Tel"e*scope (?), n. [Gr. t\'82lescope. See Telegraph, and -scope.] An optical instrument used in viewing distant objects, as the heavenly bodies. &hand; A telescope assists the eye chiefly in two ways; first, by enlarging the visual angle under which a distant object is seen, and thus magnifying that object; and, secondly, by collecting, and conveying to the eye, a larger beam of light than would enter the naked organ, thus rendering objects distinct and visible which would otherwise be indistinct and or invisible. Its essential parts are the object glass, or concave mirror, which collects the beam of light, and forms an image of the object, and the eyeglass, which is a microscope, by which the image is magnified. Achromatic telescope. See under Achromatic. -- Aplanatic telescope, a telescope having an aplanatic eyepiece. -- Astronomical telescope, a telescope which has a simple eyepiece so constructed or used as not to reverse the image formed by the object glass, and consequently exhibits objects inverted, which is not a hindrance in astronomical observations. -- Cassegrainian telescope, a reflecting telescope invented by Cassegrain, which differs from the Gregorian only in having the secondary speculum convex instead of concave, and placed nearer the large speculum. The Cassegrainian represents objects inverted; the Gregorian, in their natural position. The Melbourne telescope (see Illust. under Reflecting telescope, below) is a Cassegrainian telescope. -- Dialytic telescope. See under Dialytic. Equatorial telescope. See the Note under Equatorial. -- Galilean telescope, a refracting telescope in which the eyeglass is a concave instead of a convex lens, as in the common opera glass. This was the construction originally adopted by Galileo, the inventor of the instrument. It exhibits the objects erect, that is, in their natural positions. -- Gregorian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Gregorian. -- Herschelian telescope, a reflecting telescope of the form invented by Sir William Herschel, in which only one speculum is employed, by means of which an image of the object is formed near one side of the open end of the tube, and to this the eyeglass is applied directly. -- Newtonian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Newtonian. -- Photographic telescope, a telescope specially constructed to make photographs of the heavenly bodies. -- Prism telescope. See Teinoscope. -- Reflecting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by a speculum or mirror (or usually by two speculums, a large one at the lower end of the telescope, and the smaller one near the open end) instead of an object glass. See Gregorian, Cassegrainian, Herschelian, ∧ Newtonian, telescopes, above. -- Refracting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by refraction through an object glass. -- Telescope carp (Zo\'94l.), the telescope fish. -- Telescope fish (Zo\'94l.), a monstrous variety of the goldfish having very protuberant eyes. -- Telescope fly (Zo\'94l.), any two-winged fly of the genus Diopsis, native of Africa and Asia. The telescope flies are remarkable for having the eyes raised on very long stalks. -- Telescope shell (Zo\'94l.), an elongated gastropod (Cerithium telescopium) having numerous flattened whorls. -- Telescope sight (Firearms), a slender telescope attached to the barrel, having cross wires in the eyepiece and used as a sight. -- Terrestrial telescope, a telescope whose eyepiece has one or two lenses more than the astronomical, for the purpose of inverting the image, and exhibiting objects erect.

Telescope

Tel"e*scope (?), a. [imp. & p. p. Telescoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telescoping (?).] To slide or pass one within another, after the manner of the sections of a small telescope or spyglass; to come into collision, as railway cars, in such a manner that one runs into another. [Recent]

Telescope

Tel"e*scope, v. t. To cause to come into collision, so as to telescope. [Recent]

Telescopic, Telescopical

Tel`e*scop"ic (?), Tel`e*scop"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82lescopique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a telescope; performed by a telescope.

2. Seen or discoverable only by a telescope; as, telescopic stars.

3. Able to discern objects at a distance; farseeing; far-reaching; as, a telescopic eye; telescopic vision.

4. Having the power of extension by joints sliding one within another, like the tube of a small telescope or a spyglass; especially (Mach.), constructed of concentric tubes, either stationary, as in the telescopic boiler, or movable, as in the telescopic chimney of a war vessel, which may be put out of sight by being lowered endwise.

Telescopically

Tel`e*scop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a telescopical manner; by or with the telescope.

Telescopist

Te*les"co*pist (?), n. One who uses a telescope. R. A. Proctor.

Telescopy

Te*les"co*py (?), n. The art or practice of using or making telescopes.

Telesm

Tel"esm (?), n. [Ar. tilism. See Talisman.] A kind of amulet or magical charm. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

Telesmatic, Telesmatical

Tel`es*mat"ic (?), Tel`es*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to telesms; magical. J. Gregory.

Telespectroscope

Tel`e*spec"tro*scope (?), n. [Gr. spectroscope.] (Astron.) A spectroscope arranged to be attached to a telescope for observation of distant objects, as the sun or stars. Lockyer.

Telestereoscope

Tel`e*ste"re*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. stereoscope.] (Opt.) A stereoscope adapted to view distant natural objects or landscapes; a telescopic stereoscope.

Telestic

Te*les"tic (?), a. [Gr. Tending or relating to a purpose or an end. [R.] Cudworth.

Telestich

Te*les"tich (?), n. [Gr. A poem in which the final letters of the lines, taken consequently, make a name. Cf. Acrostic.

Telethermometer

Tel`e*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics) An apparatus for determining the temperature of a distant point, as by a thermoelectric circuit or otherwise.

Teleutospore

Te*leu"to*spore (?), n. [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) The thick-celled winter or resting spore of the rusts (order Uredinales), produced in late summer. See Illust. of Uredospore.

Telic

Tel"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Gram.) Denoting the final end or purpose, as distinguished from ecbatic. See Ecbatic. Gibbs.

Tell

Tell (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Told (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telling.] [AS. tellan, from talu tale, number, speech; akin to D. tellen to count, G. z\'84hlen, OHG. zellen to count, tell, say, Icel. telja, Dan. tale to speak, t\'91lle to count. See Tale that which is told.]

1. To mention one by one, or piece by piece; to recount; to enumerate; to reckon; to number; to count; as, to tell money. "An heap of coin he told." Spenser.

He telleth the number of the stars. Ps. cxlvii. 4.
Tell the joints of the body. Jer. Taylor.

2. To utter or recite in detail; to give an account of; to narrate.

Of which I shall tell all the array. Chaucer.
And not a man appears to tell their fate. Pope.

3. To make known; to publish; to disclose; to divulge.

Why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife? Gen. xii. 18.

4. To give instruction to; to make report to; to acquaint; to teach; to inform.

A secret pilgrimage, That you to-day promised to tell me of? Shak.

5. To order; to request; to command.

He told her not to be frightened. Dickens.

6. To discern so as to report; to ascertain by observing; to find out; to discover; as, I can not tell where one color ends and the other begins.

7. To make account of; to regard; to reckon; to value; to estimate. [Obs.]

I ne told no dainity of her love. Chaucer.
&hand; Tell, though equivalent in some respect to speak and say, has not always the same application. We say, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing; but we never say, to tell a speech, discourse, or oration, or to tell an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands; as, tell me the whole story; tell me all you know. To tell off, to count; to divide. Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- To communicate; impart; reveal; disclose; inform; acquaint; report; repeat; rehearse; recite.

Tell

Tell, v. i.

1. To give an account; to make report.

That I may publish with the voice of thankgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. Ps. xxvi. 7.

2. To take effect; to produce a marked effect; as, every shot tells; every expression tells.

To tell of. (a) To speak of; to mention; to narrate or describe. (b) To inform against; to disclose some fault of. -- To tell on, to inform against. [Archaic & Colloq.]
Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David. 1 Sam. xxvii. 11.

Tell

Tell, n. That which is told; tale; account. [R.]
I am at the end of my tell. Walpole.

Tell

Tell, n. [Ar.] A hill or mound. W. M. Thomson.

Tellable

Tell"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being told.

Tellen

Tel"len (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Tellina.

Teller

Tell"er (?), n.

1. One who tells, relates, or communicates; an informer, narrator, or describer.

2. One of four officers of the English Exchequer, formerly appointed to receive moneys due to the king and to pay moneys payable by the king. Cowell.

3. An officer of a bank who receives and counts over money paid in, and pays money out on checks.

4. One who is appointed to count the votes given in a legislative body, public meeting, assembly, etc.

Tellership

Tell"er*ship, n. The office or employment of a teller.

Tellina

Tel*li"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalve mollusks having thin, delicate, and often handsomely colored shells.

Telling

Tell"ing (?), a. Operating with great effect; effective; as, a telling speech. -- Tell"ing*ly, adv.

Telltale

Tell"tale` (?), a. Telling tales; babbling. "The telltale heart." Poe.

Telltale

Tell"tale`, n.

1. One who officiously communicates information of the private concerns of others; one who tells that which prudence should suppress.

2. (Mus.) A movable piece of ivory, lead, or other material, connected with the bellows of an organ, that gives notice, by its position, when the wind is exhausted.

3. (Naut.) (a) A mechanical attachment to the steering wheel, which, in the absence of a tiller, shows the position of the helm. (b) A compass in the cabin of a vessel, usually placed where the captain can see it at all hours, and thus inform himself of the vessel's course.

4. (Mach.) A machine or contrivance for indicating or recording something, particularly for keeping a check upon employees, as factory hands, watchmen, drivers, check takers, and the like, by revealing to their employers what they have done or omitted.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The tattler. See Tattler.

Page 1482

Tellural

Tel*lu"ral (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. [R.]

Tellurate

Tel"lu*rate (?), n. [Cf. F. tellurate. See Tellurium.] (Chem.) A salt of telluric acid.

Telluret

Tel"lu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A telluride. [Obsoles.]

Tellureted

Tel"lu*ret`ed (?), n. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with tellurium; tellurized. [Written also telluretted.] [Obsoles.] Tellureted hydrogen (Chem.), hydrogen telluride, H2Te, a gaseous substance analogous to hydrogen sulphide; -- called also tellurhydric acid.

Tellurhydric

Tel`lur*hy"dric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen telluride, which is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.

Tellurian

Tel*lu"ri*an (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. De Quincey.

Tellurian

Tel*lu"ri*an, n.

1. A dweller on the earth. De Quincey.

2. An instrument for showing the operation of the causes which produce the succession of day and night, and the changes of the seasons. [Written also tellurion.]

Telluric

Tel*lu"ric (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth: cf. F. tellurique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the earth; proceeding from the earth.

Amid these hot, telluric flames. Carlyle.

2. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or resembling, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with tellurous compounds; as, telluric acid, which is analogous to sulphuric acid.

Telluric bismuth (Min.), tetradymite. -- Telluric silver (Min.), hessite.

Telluride

Tel"lu*ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of tellurium with a more positive element or radical; -- formerly called telluret.

Tellurism

Tel"lu*rism (?), n. An hypothesis of animal magnetism propounded by Dr. Keiser, in Germany, in which the phenomena are ascribed to the agency of a telluric spirit or influence. [R.] S. Thompson.

Tellurite

Tel"lu*rite (?), n.

1. (Chem.) A salt of tellurous acid.

2. (Min.) Oxide of tellurium. It occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.

Tellurium

Tel*lu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., from L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] (Chem.) A rare nonmetallic element, analogous to sulphur and selenium, occasionally found native as a substance of a silver-white metallic luster, but usually combined with metals, as with gold and silver in the mineral sylvanite, with mercury in Coloradoite, etc. Symbol Te. Atomic weight 125.2. Graphic tellurium. (Min.) See Sylvanite. -- Tellurium glance (Min.), nagyagite; -- called also black tellurium.

Tellurize

Tel"lu*rize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To impregnate with, or to subject to the action of, tellurium; -- chiefly used adjectively in the past participle; as, tellurized ores.

Tellurous

Tel"lu*rous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or containing, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with telluric compounds; as, tellurous acid, which is analogous to sulphurous acid.

Telodynamic

Tel`o*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Gr. dynamic.] Relating to a system for transmitting power to a distance by means of swiftly moving ropes or cables driving grooved pulleys of large diameter.

Teloogoo

Tel`oo*goo" (?), n. See Telugu. D. O. Allen.

Telotrocha

Te*lot"ro*cha (?), n.; pl. Telotroch\'91 (#). [NL. See Telotrochal.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid larva having telotrochal bands of cilia.

Telotrochal, Telotrochous

Te*lot"ro*chal (?), Te*lot"ro*chous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having both a preoral and a posterior band of cilla; -- applied to the larv\'91 of certain annelids.

Telotype

Tel"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] An electric telegraph which prints the messages in letters and not in signs.

Telpher

Tel"pher (?), n. [Gr. (Elec.) A contrivance for the conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin. Telpher line, ∨ Telpher road, an electric line or road over which vehicles for carrying loads are moved by electric engines actuated by a current conveyed by the line.

Telpherage

Tel"pher*age (?), n. The conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin.

Telson

Tel"son (?), n.; pl. Telsons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The terminal joint or movable piece at the end of the abdomen of Crustacea and other articulates. See Thoracostraca.

Telugu

Tel`u*gu" (?), n.

1. A Darvidian language spoken in the northern parts of the Madras presidency. In extent of use it is the next language after Hindustani (in its various forms) and Bengali. [Spelt also Teloogoo.]

2. One of the people speaking the Telugu language.

Telugu

Tel`u*gu", a. Of or pertaining to the Telugu language, or the Telugus.

Temerarious

Tem`er*a"ri*ous (?), a. [L. temerarius. See Temerity.] Unreasonably adventurous; despising danger; rash; headstrong; audacious; reckless; heedless. -- Tem`er*a"ri*ous*ly, adv.
I spake against temerarious judgment. Latimer.

Temeration

Tem`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. temerare to defile.] Temerity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Temerity

Te*mer"i*ty (?), n. [L. temeritas, from temere by chance, rashly; perhaps akin to Skr. tamas darkness: cf. F. t\'82m\'82rit\'82.] Unreasonable contempt of danger; extreme venturesomeness; rashness; as, the temerity of a commander in war. Syn. -- Rashness; precipitancy; heedlessness; venturesomeness. -- Temerity, Rashness. These words are closely allied in sense, but have a slight difference in their use and application. Temerity is Latin, and rashness is Anglo-Saxon. As in many such cases, the Latin term is more select and dignified; the Anglo-Saxon more familiar and energetic. We show temerity in hasty decisions, and the conduct to which they lead. We show rashness in particular actions, as dictated by sudden impulse. It is an exhibition of temerity to approach the verge of a precipice; it is an act of rashness to jump into a river without being able to swim. Temerity, then, is an unreasonable contempt of danger; rashness is a rushing into danger from thoughtlessness or excited feeling.
It is notorious temerity to pass sentence upon grounds uncapable of evidence. Barrow.
Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat. Milton.

Temerous

Tem"er*ous (?), a. Temerarious. [Obs.]

Tempean

Tem*pe"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Temple, a valley in Thessaly, celebrated by Greek poets on account of its beautiful scenery; resembling Temple; hence, beautiful; delightful; charming.

Temper

Tem"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tempering.] [AS. temprian or OF. temper, F. temp\'82rer, and (in sense 3) temper, L. temperare, akin to tempus time. Cf. Temporal, Distemper, Tamper.]

1. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm.

Puritan austerity was so tempered by Dutch indifference, that mercy itself could not have dictated a milder system. Bancroft.
Woman! lovely woman! nature made thee To temper man: we had been brutes without you. Otway.
But thy fire Shall be more tempered, and thy hope far higher. Byron.
She [the Goddess of Justice] threw darkness and clouds about her, that tempered the light into a thousand beautiful shades and colors. Addison.

2. To fit together; to adjust; to accomodate.

Thy sustenance . . . serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered itself to every man's liking. Wisdom xvi. 21.

3. (Metal.) To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel.

The tempered metals clash, and yield a silver sound. Dryden.

4. To govern; to manage. [A Latinism & Obs.]

With which the damned ghosts he governeth, And furies rules, and Tartare tempereth. Spenser.

5. To moisten to a proper consistency and stir thoroughly, as clay for making brick, loam for molding, etc.

6. (Mus.) To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use. Syn. -- To soften; mollify; assuage; soothe; calm.

Temper

Tem"per, n.

1. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just combination; as, the temper of mortar.

2. Constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy.

The exquisiteness of his [Christ's] bodily temper increased the exquisiteness of his torment. Fuller.

3. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper.

Remember with what mild And gracious temper he both heared and judged. Milton.
The consequents of a certain ethical temper. J. H. Newman.

4. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep one's temper.

To fall with dignity, with temper rise. Pope.
Restore yourselves to your tempers, fathers. B. Jonson.

5. Heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; -- in a reproachful sense. [Colloq.]

6. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the temper of iron or steel.

7. Middle state or course; mean; medium. [R.]

The perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the mere man of theory, who can see nothing but general principles, and the mere man of business, who can see nothing but particular circumstances. Macaulay.

8. (Sugar Works) Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar.

Temper screw, in deep well boring, an adjusting screw connecting the working beam with the rope carrying the tools, for lowering the tools as the drilling progresses. Syn. -- Disposition; temperament; frame; humor; mood. See Disposition.

Temper

Tem"per, v. i.

1. To accord; to agree; to act and think in conformity. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To have or get a proper or desired state or quality; to grow soft and pliable.

I have him already tempering between my finger and my thumb, and shortly will I seal with him. Shak.

Tempera

Tem"pe*ra (?), n. [It.] (Paint.) A mode or process of painting; distemper. &hand; The term is applied especially to early Italian painting, common vehicles of which were yolk of egg, yolk and white of egg mixed together, the white juice of the fig tree, and the like.

Temperable

Tem"per*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tempered.
The fusible, hard, and temperable texture of metals. Emerson.

Temperament

Tem"per*a*ment (?), n. [L. temperamentum a mixing in due proportion, proper measure, temperament: cf. F. temp\'82rament. See Temper, v. t.]

1. Internal constitution; state with respect to the relative proportion of different qualities, or constituent parts.

The common law . . . has reduced the kingdom to its just state and temperament. Sir M. Hale.

2. Due mixture of qualities; a condition brought about by mutual compromises or concessions. [Obs.]

However, I forejudge not any probable expedient, any temperament that can be found in things of this nature, so disputable on their side. Milton.

3. The act of tempering or modifying; adjustment, as of clashing rules, interests, passions, or the like; also, the means by which such adjustment is effected.

Wholesome temperaments of the rashness of popular assemblies. Sir J. Mackintosh.

4. Condition with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.]

Bodies are denominated "hot" and "cold" in proportion to the present temperament of that part of our body to which they are applied. Locke.

5. (Mus.) A system of compromises in the tuning of organs, pianofortes, and the like, whereby the tones generated with the vibrations of a ground tone are mutually modified and in part canceled, until their number reduced to the actual practicable scale of twelve tones to the octave. This scale, although in so far artificial, is yet closely suggestive of its origin in nature, and this system of tuning, although not mathematically true, yet satisfies the ear, while it has the convenience that the same twelve fixed tones answer for every key or scale, C♯ becoming identical with D♭, and so on.<-- = tempering -->

6. (Physiol.) The peculiar physical and mental character of an individual, in olden times erroneously supposed to be due to individual variation in the relations and proportions of the constituent parts of the body, especially of the fluids, as the bile, blood, lymph, etc. Hence the phrases, bilious or choleric temperament, sanguine temperament, etc., implying a predominance of one of these fluids and a corresponding influence on the temperament.

Equal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations from mathematically true pitch are distributed among all the keys alike. -- Unequal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations are thrown into the keys least used.

Temperamental

Tem`per*a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to temperament; constitutional. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Temperance

Tem"per*ance (?), n. [L. temperantia: cf. F. temp\'82rance. See Temper, v. t.]

1. Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence; moderation; as, temperance in eating and drinking; temperance in the indulgence of joy or mirth; specifically, moderation, and sometimes abstinence, in respect to using intoxicating liquors.

2. Moderation of passion; patience; calmness; sedateness. [R.] "A gentleman of all temperance." Shak.

He calmed his wrath with goodly temperance. Spenser.

3. State with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.] "Tender and delicate temperance." Shak.

Temperance society, an association formed for the purpose of diminishing or stopping the use of alcoholic liquors as a beverage.

Temperancy

Tem"per*an*cy (?), n. Temperance.

Temperate

Tem"per*ate (?), a. [L. temperatus, p.p. of temperare. See Temper, v. t.]

1. Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate.

2. Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate language.

She is not hot, but temperate as the morn. Shak.
That sober freedom out of which there springs Our loyal passion for our temperate kings. Tennyson.

3. Moderate in the indulgence of the natural appetites or passions; as, temperate in eating and drinking.

Be sober and temperate, and you will be healthy. Franklin.

4. Proceeding from temperance. [R.]

The temperate sleeps, and spirits light as air. Pope.
Temperate zone (Geog.), that part of the earth which lies between either tropic and the corresponding polar circle; -- so called because the heat is less than in the torrid zone, and the cold less than in the frigid zones. Syn. -- Abstemious; sober; calm; cool; sedate.

Temperate

Tem"per*ate (?), v. t. To render temperate; to moderate; to soften; to temper. [Obs.]
It inflames temperance, and temperates wrath. Marston.

Temperately

Tem"per*ate*ly (?), adv. In a temperate manner.

Temperateness

Tem"per*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being temperate; moderateness; temperance.

Temperative

Tem"per*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. L. temperativus soothing.] Having power to temper. [R.] T. Granger.

Temperature

Tem"per*a*ture (?), n. [F. temp\'82rature, L. temperatura due measure, proportion, temper, temperament.]

1. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.

The best composition and temperature is, to have openness in fame and opinion, secrecy in habit, dissimulation in seasonable use, and a power to feign, if there be no remedy. Bacon.
Memory depends upon the consistence and the temperature of the brain. I. Watts.

2. Freedom from passion; moderation. [Obs.]

In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth, Most goodly temperature you may descry. Spenser.

3. (Physics) Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature; low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.

4. Mixture; compound. [Obs.]

Made a temperature of brass and iron together. Holland.
Absolute temperature. (Physics) See under Absolute. -- Animal temperature (Physiol.), the nearly constant temperature maintained in the bodies of warm-blooded (homoiothermal) animals during life. The ultimate source of the heat is to be found in the potential energy of the food and the oxygen which is absorbed from the air during respiration. See Homoiothermal. -- Temperature sense (Physiol.), the faculty of perceiving cold and warmth, and so of perceiving differences of temperature in external objects. H. N. Martin.
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Tempered

Tem"pered (?), a. Brought to a proper temper; as, tempered steel; having (such) a temper; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a good-tempered or bad-tempered man; a well-tempered sword.

Temperer

Tem"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tempers; specifically, a machine in which lime, cement, stone, etc., are mixed with water.

Tempering

Tem"per*ing, n. (Metal.) The process of giving the requisite degree of hardness or softness to a substance, as iron and steel; especially, the process of giving to steel the degree of hardness required for various purposes, consisting usually in first plunging the article, when heated to redness, in cold water or other liquid, to give an excess of hardness, and then reheating it gradually until the hardness is reduced or drawn down to the degree required, as indicated by the color produced on a polished portion, or by the burning of oil. Tempering color, the shade of color that indicates the degree of temper in tempering steel, as pale straw yellow for lancets, razors, and tools for metal; dark straw yellow for penknives, screw taps, etc.; brown yellow for axes, chisels, and plane irons; yellow tinged with purple for table knives and shears; purple for swords and watch springs; blue for springs and saws; and very pale blue tinged with green, too soft for steel instruments.

Tempest

Tem"pest (?), n. [OF. tempeste, F. temp\'88te, (assumed) LL. tempesta, fr. L. tempestas a portion of time, a season, weather, storm, akin to tempus time. See Temporal of time.]

1. An extensive current of wind, rushing with great velocity and violence, and commonly attended with rain, hail, or snow; a furious storm.

[We] caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurled, Each on his rock transfixed. Milton.

2. Fig.: Any violent tumult or commotion; as, a political tempest; a tempest of war, or of the passions.

3. A fashionable assembly; a drum. See the Note under Drum, n., 4. [Archaic] Smollett. &hand; Tempest is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, tempest-beaten, tempest-loving, tempest-tossed, tempest-winged, and the like. Syn. -- Storm; agitation; perturbation. See Storm.

Tempest

Tem"pest, v. t. [Cf. OF. tempester, F. temp\'88ter to rage.] To disturb as by a tempest. [Obs.]
Part huge of bulk Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait, Tempest the ocean. Milton.

Tempest

Tem"pest, v. i. To storm. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tempestive

Tem*pes"tive (?), a. [L. tempestivus.] Seasonable; timely; as, tempestive showers. [Obs.] Heywood. -- Tem*pes"tive*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Tempestivily

Tem`pes*tiv"i*ly (?), n. [L. tempestivitas.] The quality, or state, of being tempestive; seasonableness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tempestuous

Tem*pes"tu*ous (?), a. [L. tempestuous: cf. OF. tempestueux, F. temp\'88tueux.] Of or pertaining to a tempest; involving or resembling a tempest; turbulent; violent; stormy; as, tempestuous weather; a tempestuous night; a tempestuous debate. -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ness, n.
They saw the Hebrew leader, Waiting, and clutching his tempestuous beard. Longfellow.

Templar

Tem"plar (?), n. [OE. templere, F. templier, LL. templarius. See Temple a church.]

1. One of a religious and military order first established at Jerusalem, in the early part of the 12th century, for the protection of pilgrims and of the Holy Sepulcher. These Knights Templars, or Knights of the Temple, were so named because they occupied an apartment of the palace of Bladwin II. in Jerusalem, near the Temple. &hand; The order was first limited in numbers, and its members were bound by vows of chastity and poverty. After the conquest of Palestine by the Saracens, the Templars spread over Europe, and, by reason of their reputation for valor and piety, they were enriched by numerous donations of money and lands. The extravagances and vices of the later Templars, however, finally led to the suppression of the order by the Council of Vienne in 1312.

2. A student of law, so called from having apartments in the Temple at London, the original buildings having belonged to the Knights Templars. See Inner Temple, and Middle Temple, under Temple. [Eng.]

3. One belonged to a certain order or degree among the Freemasons, called Knights Templars. Also, one of an order among temperance men, styled Good Templars.

Templar

Tem"plar, a. Of or pertaining to a temple. [R.]
Solitary, family, and templar devotion. Coleridge.

Template

Tem"plate (?), n. Same as Templet.

Temple

Tem"ple (?), n. [Cf. Templet.] (Weaving) A contrivence used in a loom for keeping the web stretched transversely.

Temple

Tem"ple, n. [OF. temple, F. tempe, from L. tempora, tempus; perhaps originally, the right place, the fatal spot, supposed to be the same word as tempus, temporis, the fitting or appointed time. See Temporal of time, and cf. Tempo, Tense, n.]

1. (Anat.) The space, on either side of the head, back of the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch and in front of the ear.

2. One of the side bars of a pair of spectacles, jointed to the bows, and passing one on either side of the head to hold the spectacles in place.

Temple

Tem"ple, n. [AS. tempel, from L. templum a space marked out, sanctuary, temple; cf. Gr. t\'82mple, from the Latin. Cf. Contemplate.]

1. A place or edifice dedicated to the worship of some deity; as, the temple of Jupiter at Athens, or of Juggernaut in India. "The temple of mighty Mars." Chaucer.

2. (Jewish Antiq.) The edifice erected at Jerusalem for the worship of Jehovah.

Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch. John x. 23.

3. Hence, among Christians, an edifice erected as a place of public worship; a church.

Can he whose life is a perpetual insult to the authority of God enter with any pleasure a temple consecrated to devotion and sanctified by prayer? Buckminster.

4. Fig.: Any place in which the divine presence specially resides. "The temple of his body." John ii. 21.

Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the spirit of God dwelleth in you? 1 Cor. iii. 16.
The groves were God's first temples. Bryant.
Inner Temple, ∧ Middle Temple, two buildings, or ranges of buildings, occupied by two inns of court in London, on the site of a monastic establishment of the Knights Templars, called the Temple.

Temple

Tem"ple (?), v. t. To build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to; as, to temple a god. [R.] Feltham.

Templed

Tem"pled (?), a. Supplied with a temple or temples, or with churches; inclosed in a temple.
I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills. S. F. Smith.

Templet

Tem"plet (?), n. [LL. templatus vaulted, from L. templum a small timber.] [Spelt also template.]

1. A gauge, pattern, or mold, commonly a thin plate or board, used as a guide to the form of the work to be executed; as, a mason's or a wheelwright's templet.

2. (Arch.) A short piece of timber, iron, or stone, placed in a wall under a girder or other beam, to distribute the weight or pressure.

Tempo

Tem"po (?), n. [It., fr. L. tempus. See Tense, n.] (Mus.) The rate or degree of movement in time. A tempo giusto (j&oomac;s"t&osl;) [It.], in exact time; -- sometimes, directing a return to strict time after a tempo rubato. -- Tempo rubato. See under Rubato.

Temporal

Tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. temporalis, fr. tempora the temples: cf. F. temporal. See Temple a part of the head.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the temple or temples; as, the temporal bone; a temporal artery. Temporal bone, a very complex bone situated in the side of the skull of most mammals and containing the organ of hearing. It consists of an expanded squamosal portion above the ear, corresponding to the squamosal and zygoma of the lower vertebrates, and a thickened basal petrosal and mastoid portion, corresponding to the periotic and tympanic bones of the lower vertebrates.

Temporal

Tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. temporalis, fr. tempus, temporis, time, portion of time, the fitting or appointed time: cf. F. temporel. Cf. Contemporaneous, Extempore, Temper, v. t., Tempest, Temple a part of the head, Tense, n., Thing.]

1. Of or pertaining to time, that is, to the present life, or this world; secular, as distinguished from sacred or eternal.

The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal. 2 Cor. iv. 18.
Is this an hour for temporal affairs? Shak.

2. Civil or political, as distinguished from ecclesiastical; as, temporal power; temporal courts.

Lords temporal. See under Lord, n. -- Temporal augment. See the Note under Augment, n. Syn. -- Transient; fleeting; transitory.

Temporal

Tem"po*ral, n. Anything temporal or secular; a temporality; -- used chiefly in the plural. Dryden.
He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor or temporals. Lowell.

Temporality

Tem`po*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Temporalities (#). [L. temporalitas, in LL., possessions of the church: cf. F. temporalit\'82.]

1. The state or quality of being temporary; -- opposed to perpetuity.

2. The laity; temporality. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

3. That which pertains to temporal welfare; material interests; especially, the revenue of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tenements, or lay fees, tithes, and the like; -- chiefly used in the plural.

Supreme head, . . . under God, of the spirituality and temporality of the same church. Fuller.

Temporally

Tem"po*ral*ly (?), adv. In a temporal manner; secularly. [R.] South.

Temporalness

Tem"po*ral*ness, n. Worldliness. [R.] Cotgrave.

Temporalty

Tem"po*ral*ty (?), n. [See Temporality.]

1. The laity; secular people. [Obs.] Abp. Abbot.

2. A secular possession; a temporality.

Temporaneous

Tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. temporaneus happening at the right time, fr. tempus, temporis, time.] Temporarity. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Temporarily

Tem"po*ra*ri*ly (?), adv. In a temporary manner; for a time.

Temporariness

Tem"po*ra*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being temporary; -- opposed to perpetuity.

Temporary

Tem"po*ra*ry (?), a. [L. temporarius, fr. tempus, temporis, time: cf. F. temporaire.] Lasting for a time only; existing or continuing for a limited time; not permanent; as, the patient has obtained temporary relief.
Temporary government of the city. Motley.
Temporary star. (Astron.) See under Star.

Temporist

Tem"po*rist (?), n. A temporizer. [Obs.]
Why, turn a temporist, row with the tide. Marston.

Temporization

Tem`po*ri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. temporisation.] The act of temporizing. Johnson.

Temporize

Tem"po*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Temporized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Temporizing (?).] [F. temporiser. See Temporal of time.]

1. To comply with the time or occasion; to humor, or yield to, the current of opinion or circumstances; also, to trim, as between two parties.

They might their grievance inwardly complain, But outwardly they needs must temporize. Daniel.

2. To delay; to procrastinate. [R.] Bacon.

3. To comply; to agree. [Obs.] Shak.

Temporizer

Tem"po*ri`zer (?), n. One who temporizes; one who yields to the time, or complies with the prevailing opinions, fashions, or occasions; a trimmer.
A sort of temporizers, ready to embrace and maintain all that is, or shall be, proposed, in hope of preferment. Burton.

Temporizingly

Tem"po*ri`zing*ly (?), adv. In a temporizing or yielding manner.

Temporo-

Tem"po*ro- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the temple, or temporal bone; as, temporofacial.

Temporo-auricular

Tem`po*ro-au*ric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the ear; as, the temporo-auricular nerve.

Temporofacial

Tem`po*ro*fa"cial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the face.

Temporomalar

Tem`po*ro*ma"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the region of the malar bone; as, the temporomalar nerve.

Temporomaxillary

Tem`po*ro*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple or the temporal bone and the maxilla.

Temps

Temps (?), n. [OF. & F., fr. L. tempus. See Temporal of time.] Time. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tempse

Tempse (?), n. See Temse. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Tempt

Tempt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tempting.] [OE. tempten, tenten, from OF. tempter, tenter, F. tenter, fr. L. tentare, temptare, to handle, feel, attack, to try, put to the test, urge, freq. from tendere, tentum, and tensum, to stretch. See Thin, and cf. Attempt, Tend, Taunt, Tent a pavilion, Tent to probe.]

1. To put to trial; to prove; to test; to try.

God did tempt Abraham. Gen. xxii. 1.
Ye shall not tempt the Lord your God. Deut. vi. 16.

2. To lead, or endeavor to lead, into evil; to entice to what is wrong; to seduce.

Every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. James i. 14.

3. To endeavor to persuade; to induce; to invite; to incite; to provoke; to instigate.

Tempt not the brave and needy to despair. Dryden.
Nor tempt the wrath of heaven's avenging Sire. Pope.

4. To endeavor to accomplish or reach; to attempt.

Ere leave be given to tempt the nether skies. Dryden.
Syn. -- To entice; allure; attract; decoy; seduce.

Temptability

Tempt`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being temptable; lability to temptation.

Temptable

Tempt"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tempted; liable to be tempted. Cudworth.

Temptation

Temp*ta"tion (?), n. [OF. temptation, tentation, F. tentation, L. tentatio.]

1. The act of tempting, or enticing to evil; seduction.

When the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a season. Luke iv. 13.

2. The state of being tempted, or enticed to evil.

Lead us not into temptation. Luke xi. 4.

3. That which tempts; an inducement; an allurement, especially to something evil.

Dare to be great, without a guilty crown; View it, and lay the bright temptation down. Dryden.

Temptationless

Temp*ta"tion*less, a. Having no temptation or motive; as, a temptationless sin. [R.] Hammond.

Temptatious

Temp*ta"tious (?), a. Tempting. [Prov. Eng.]

Tempter

Tempt"er (?), n. One who tempts or entices; especially, Satan, or the Devil, regarded as the great enticer to evil. "Those who are bent to do wickedly will never want tempters to urge them on." Tillotson.
So glozed the Tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton.

Tempting

Tempt"ing, a. Adapted to entice or allure; attractive; alluring; seductive; enticing; as, tempting pleasures. -- Tempt"ing*ly, adv. -- Tempt"ing*ness, n.

Temptress

Tempt"ress (?), n. A woman who entices.
She was my temptress, the foul provoker. Sir W. Scott.

Temse

Temse (?), n. [F. tamis, or D. tems, teems. Cf. Tamine.] A sieve. [Written also tems, and tempse.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Temse bread, Temsed bread, Temse loaf, bread made of flour better sifted than common fluor. [Prov. Eng.]

Temulence, Temulency

Tem"u*lence (?), Tem"u*len*cy (?), n. [L. temulentia.] Intoxication; inebriation; drunkenness. [R.] "Their temulency." Jer. Taylor.

Temulent

Tem"u*lent (?), a. [L. temulentus.] Intoxicated; drunken. [R.]

Temulentive

Tem"u*lent*ive (?), a. Somewhat temulent; addicted to drink. [R.] R. Junius.

Ten

Ten (?), a. [AS. t\'c7n, ti\'82n, t, t\'c7ne; akin to OFries. tian, OS. tehan, D. tien, G. zehn, OHG. zehan, Icel. t\'c6u, Sw. tio, Dan. ti, Goth. ta\'a1hun, Lith. deszimt, Russ. desiate, W. deg, Ir. & Gael. deich, L. decem, Gr. da\'87an. \'fb308. Cf. Dean, Decade, Decimal, December, Eighteen, Eighty, Teens, Tithe.] One more than nine; twice five.
With twice ten sail I crossed the Phrygian Sea. Dryden.
&hand; Ten is often used, indefinitely, for several, many, and other like words.
There 's proud modesty in merit, Averse from begging, and resolved to pay Ten times the gift it asks. Dryden.
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Ten

Ten (?), n.

1. The number greater by one than nine; the sum of five and five; ten units of objects.

I will not destroy it for ten's sake. Gen. xviii. 32.

2. A symbol representing ten units, as 10, x, or X.

Tenability

Ten`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tenable; tenableness.

Tenable

Ten"a*ble (?), a. [F. tenable, fr. tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Thin, and cf. Continue, Continent, Entertain, Maintain, Tenant, Tent.] Capable of being held, naintained, or defended, as against an assailant or objector, or againts attempts to take or process; as, a tenable fortress, a tenable argument.
If you have hitherto concealed his sight, Let it be tenable in your silence still. Shak.
I would be the last man in the world to give up his cause when it was tenable. Sir W. Scott.

Tenableness

Ten`a*ble*ness, n. Same as Tenability.

Tenace

Ten"ace (?), n. [F. tenace tenacious, demeurer tenace to hold the best and third best cards and take both tricks, and adversary having to lead. See Tenacious.] (Whist) The holding by the fourth hand of the best and third best cards of a suit led; also, sometimes, the combination of best with third best card of a suit in any hand.

Tenacious

Te*na"cious (?), a. [L. tenax, -acis, from tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Tenace.]

1. Holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; inclined to retain what is in possession; as, men tenacious of their just rights.

2. Apt to retain; retentive; as, a tenacious memory.

3. Having parts apt to adhere to each other; cohesive; tough; as, steel is a tenacious metal; tar is more tenacious than oil. Sir I. Newton.

4. Apt to adhere to another substance; glutinous; viscous; sticking; adhesive. "Female feet, too weak to struggle with tenacious clay." Cowper.

5. Niggardly; closefisted; miserly. Ainsworth.

6. Holding stoutly to one's opinion or purpose; obstinate; stubborn. -- Te*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Te*na"cious*ness, n.

Tenacity

Te*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. tenacitas: cf. F. t\'82nacit\'82. See Tenacious.]

1. The quality or state of being tenacious; as, tenacity, or retentiveness, of memory; tenacity, or persistency, of purpose.

2. That quality of bodies which keeps them from parting without considerable force; cohesiveness; the effect of attraction; -- as distinguished from brittleness, fragility, mobility, etc.

3. That quality of bodies which makes them adhere to other bodies; adhesiveness; viscosity. Holland.

4. (Physics) The greatest longitudinal stress a substance can bear without tearing asunder, -- usually expressed with reference to a unit area of the cross section of the substance, as the number of pounds per square inch, or kilograms per square centimeter, necessary to produce rupture.

Tenaculum

Te*nac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Tenacula (#); E. Tenaculums (#). [L., a holder, fr. tenere to hold. Cf. Tenaille.] (Surg.) An instrument consisting of a fine, sharp hook attached to a handle, and used mainly for taking up arteries, and the like.

Tenacy

Ten"a*cy (?), n. [L. tenacia obstinacy. See Tenacious.] Tenaciousness; obstinacy. [Obs.] Barrow.

Tenaille

Te*naille" (?), n. [F., a pair of pincers or tongs, a tenaille, fr. L. tenaculum. See Tenaculum.] (Fort.) An outwork in the main ditch, in front of the curtain, between two bastions. See Illust. of Ravelin.

Tenaillon

Te*nail"lon (?), n. [F. See Tenaille.] (Fort.) A work constructed on each side of the ravelins, to increase their strength, procure additional ground beyond the ditch, or cover the shoulders of the bastions.

Tenancy

Ten"an*cy (?), n.; pl. Tenacies (#). [Cf. OF. tenace, LL. tenentia. See Tenant.] (Law) (a) A holding, or a mode of holding, an estate; tenure; the temporary possession of what belongs to another. (b) (O. Eng. Law) A house for habitation, or place to live in, held of another. Blount. Blackstone. Wharton.

Tenant

Ten"ant (?), n. [F. tenant, p.pr. of tenir to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Lieutenant.]

1. (Law) One who holds or possesses lands, or other real estate, by any kind of right, whether in fee simple, in common, in severalty, for life, for years, or at will; also, one who has the occupation or temporary possession of lands or tenements the title of which is in another; -- correlative to landlord. See Citation from Blackstone, under Tenement, 2. Blount. Wharton.

2. One who has possession of any place; a dweller; an occupant. "Sweet tenants of this grove." Cowper.

The hhappy tenant of your shade. Cowley.
The sister tenants of the middle deep. Byron.
Tenant in capite [L. in in + capite, abl. of caput head, chief.], ∨ Tenant in chief, by the laws of England, one who holds immediately of the king. According to the feudal system, all lands in England are considered as held immediately or mediately of the king, who is styled lord paramount. Such tenants, however, are considered as having the fee of the lands and permanent possession. Blackstone. -- Tenant in common. See under Common.

Tenant

Ten"ant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenanting.] To hold, occupy, or possess as a tenant.
Sir Roger's estate is tenanted by persons who have served him or his ancestors. Addison.

Tenantable

Ten"ant*a*ble (?), a. Fit to be rented; in a condition suitable for a tenant. -- Ten"ant*a*ble*ness, n.

Tenantless

Ten"ant*less, a. Having no tenants; unoccupied; as, a tenantless mansion. Shak.

Tenantry

Ten"ant*ry (?), n.

1. The body of tenants; as, the tenantry of a manor or a kingdom.

2. Tenancy. [Obs.] Ridley.

Tenant saw

Ten"ant saw` (?). See Tenon saw, under Tenon.

Tench

Tench (?), n. [OF. tenche, F. tanche, L. tinca.] (Zo\'94l.) A European fresh-water fish (Tinca tinca, or T. vulgaris) allied to the carp. It is noted for its tenacity of life.

Tend

Tend (?), v. t. [See Tender to offer.] (O. Eng. Law) To make a tender of; to offer or tender. [Obs.]

Tend

Tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tended; p. pr. & vb. n. Tending.] [Aphetic form of attend. See Attend, Tend to move, and cf. Tender one that tends or attends.]

1. To accompany as an assistant or protector; to care for the wants of; to look after; to watch; to guard; as, shepherds tend their flocks. Shak.

And flaming ministers to watch and tend Their earthly charge. Milton.
There 's not a sparrow or a wren, There 's not a blade of autumn grain, Which the four seasons do not tend And tides of life and increase lend. Emerson.

2. To be attentive to; to note carefully; to attend to.

Being to descend A ladder much in height, I did not tend My way well down. Chapman.
To tend a vessel (Naut.), to manage an anchored vessel when the tide turns, so that in swinging she shall not entangle the cable.

Tend

Tend, v. i.

1. To wait, as attendants or servants; to serve; to attend; -- with on or upon.

Was he not companion with the riotous knights That tend upon my father? Shak.

2. [F. attendre.] To await; to expect. [Obs.] Shak.

Tend

Tend, v. i. [F. tendre, L. tendere, tensum and tentum, to stretch, extend, direct one's course, tend; akin to Gr. tan. See Thin, and cf. Tend to attend, Contend, Intense, Ostensible, Portent, Tempt, Tender to offer, Tense, a.]

1. To move in a certain direction; -- usually with to or towards.

Two gentlemen tending towards that sight. Sir H. Wotton.
Thus will this latter, as the former world, Still tend from bad to worse. Milton.
The clouds above me to the white Alps tend. Byron.

2. To be directed, as to any end, object, or purpose; to aim; to have or give a leaning; to exert activity or influence; to serve as a means; to contribute; as, our petitions, if granted, might tend to our destruction.

The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of every one that is hasty only to want. Prov. xxi. 5.
The laws of our religion tend to the universal happiness of mankind. Tillotson.

Tendance

Tend"ance (?), n. [See Tend to attend, and cf. Attendance.]

1. The act of attending or waiting; attendance. [Archaic] Spenser.

The breath Of her sweet tendance hovering over him. Tennyson.

2. Persons in attendance; attendants. [Obs.] Shak.

Tendence

Tend"ence (?), n. Tendency. [Obs.]

Tendency

Tend"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Tendencies (#). [L. tendents, -entis, p.pr. of tendere: cf. F. tendance. See Tend to move.] Direction or course toward any place, object, effect, or result; drift; causal or efficient influence to bring about an effect or result.
Writings of this kind, if conducted with candor, have a more particular tendency to the good of their country. Addison.
In every experimental science, there is a tendency toward perfection. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Disposition; inclination; proneness; drift; scope; aim.

Tender

Tend"er (?), n. [From Tend to attend. Cf. Attender.]

1. One who tends; one who takes care of any person or thing; a nurse.

2. (Naut.) A vessel employed to attend other vessels, to supply them with provisions and other stores, to convey intelligence, or the like. <-- submarine tender, a ship which provides supplies and logistic support to submarines. A specialization of def. 2. -->

3. A car attached to a locomotive, for carrying a supply of fuel and water.

Tender

Ten"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tendering.] [F. tendre to stretch, stretch out, reach, L. tendere. See Tend to move.]

1. (Law) To offer in payment or satisfaction of a demand, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture; as, to tender the amount of rent or debt.

2. To offer in words; to present for acceptance.

You see how all conditions, how all minds, . . . tender down Their services to Lord Timon. Shak.

Tender

Ten"der, n.

1. (Law) An offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture, which would be incurred by nonpayment or nonperformance; as, the tender of rent due, or of the amount of a note, with interest. &hand; To constitute a legal tender, such money must be offered as the law prescribes. So also the tender must be at the time and place where the rent or debt ought to be paid, and it must be to the full amount due.

2. Any offer or proposal made for acceptance; as, a tender of a loan, of service, or of friendship; a tender of a bid for a contract.

A free, unlimited tender of the gospel. South.

3. The thing offered; especially, money offered in payment of an obligation. Shak. <-- 4. (Finance) An offer to buy a certain number of shares of stock of a publicly-traded company at a fixed price, usu. in an attempt to gain control of the company. -->

Legal tender. See under Legal. -- Tender of issue (Law), a form of words in a pleading, by which a party offers to refer the question raised upon it to the appropriate mode of decision. Burrill.

Tender

Ten"der, a. [Compar. Tenderer (?); superl. Tenderest.] [F. tendre, L. tener; probably akin to tenuis thin. See Thin.]

1. Easily impressed, broken, bruised, or injured; not firm or hard; delicate; as, tender plants; tender flesh; tender fruit.

2. Sensible to impression and pain; easily pained.

Our bodies are not naturally more tender than our faces. L'Estrange.

3. Physically weak; not hardly or able to endure hardship; immature; effeminate.

The tender and delicate woman among you. Deut. xxviii. 56.

4. Susceptible of the softer passions, as love, compassion, kindness; compassionate; pitiful; anxious for another's good; easily excited to pity, forgiveness, or favor; sympathetic.

The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11.
I am choleric by my nature, and tender by my temper. Fuller.

5. Exciting kind concern; dear; precious.

I love Valentine, Whose life's as tender to me as my soul! Shak.

6. Careful to save inviolate, or not to injure; -- with of. "Tender of property." Burke.

The civil authority should be tender of the honor of God and religion. Tillotson.

7. Unwilling to cause pain; gentle; mild.

You, that are thus so tender o'er his follies, Will never do him good. Shak.

8. Adapted to excite feeling or sympathy; expressive of the softer passions; pathetic; as, tender expressions; tender expostulations; a tender strain.

9. Apt to give pain; causing grief or pain; delicate; as, a tender subject. "Things that are tender and unpleasing." Bacon.

10. (Naut.) Heeling over too easily when under sail; -- said of a vessel. &hand; Tender is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, tender-footed, tender-looking, tender-minded, tender-mouthed, and the like. Syn. -- Delicate; effeminate; soft; sensitive; compassionate; kind; humane; merciful; pitiful.

Tender

Ten"der (?), n. [Cf. F. tendre.] Regard; care; kind concern. [Obs.] Shak.

Tender

Ten"der, v. t. To have a care of; to be tender toward; hence, to regard; to esteem; to value. [Obs.]
For first, next after life, he tendered her good. Spenser.
Tender yourself more dearly. Shak.
To see a prince in want would move a miser's charity. Our western princes tendered his case, which they counted might be their own. Fuller.

Tenderfoot

Ten"der*foot` (?), n. A delicate person; one not inured to the hardship and rudeness of pioneer life. [Slang, Western U.S.]

Tender-hearted

Ten"der-heart`ed (?), a. Having great sensibility; susceptible of impressions or influence; affectionate; pitying; sensitive. -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ness, n.
Rehoboam was young and tender-hearted, and could not withstand them. 2 Chron. xiii. 7.
Be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted. Eph. iv. 32.

Tender-hefted

Ten"der-heft`ed (?), a. Having great tenderness; easily moved. [Obs.] Shak.

Tenderling

Ten"der*ling (?), n.

1. One made tender by too much kindness; a fondling. [R.] W. Harrison (1586).

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the first antlers of a deer.

Tenderloin

Ten"der*loin` (?), n. A strip of tender flesh on either side of the vertebral column under the short ribs, in the hind quarter of beef and pork. It consists of the psoas muscles.

Tenderly

Ten"der*ly, adv. In a tender manner; with tenderness; mildly; gently; softly; in a manner not to injure or give pain; with pity or affection; kindly. Chaucer.

Tenderness

Ten"der*ness, n. The quality or state of being tender (in any sense of the adjective). Syn. -- Benignity; humanity; sensibility; benevolence; kindness; pity; clemency; mildness; mercy.

Tendinous

Ten"di*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. tendineux.]

1. Pertaining to a tendon; of the nature of tendon.

2. Full of tendons; sinewy; as, nervous and tendinous parts of the body.

Tendment

Tend"ment (?), n. Attendance; care. [Obs.]

Tendon

Ten"don (?), n. [F., fr. L. tendere to stretch, extend. See Tend to move.] (Anat.) A tough insensible cord, bundle, or band of fibrous connective tissue uniting a muscle with some other part; a sinew. Tendon reflex (Physiol.), a kind of reflex act in which a muscle is made to contract by a blow upon its tendon. Its absence is generally a sign of disease. See Knee jerk, under Knee.

Tendonous

Ten"don*ous (?), a. Tendinous.

Tendosynovitis

Ten`do*syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tendon, and Synovitis.] See Tenosynovitis.

Tendrac

Ten"drac (?), n. [See Tenrec.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small insectivores of the family Centetid\'91, belonging to Ericulus, Echinope, and related genera, native of Madagascar. They are more or less spinose and resemble the hedgehog in habits. The rice tendrac (Oryzorictes hora) is very injurious to rice crops. Some of the species are called also tenrec.

Tendril

Ten"dril (?), n. [Shortened fr. OF. tendrillon, fr. F. tendre tender; hence, properly, the tender branch or spring of a plant: cf. F. tendrille. See Tender, a., and cf. Tendron.] (Bot.) A slender, leafless portion of a plant by which it becomes attached to a supporting body, after which the tendril usually contracts by coiling spirally. &hand; Tendrils may represent the end of a stem, as in the grapevine; an axillary branch, as in the passion flower; stipules, as in the genus Smilax; or the end of a leaf, as in the pea.
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Tendril

Ten"dril (?), a. Clasping; climbing as a tendril. [R.] Dyer.

Tendriled, Tendrilled

Ten"driled, Ten"drilled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with tendrils, or with such or so many, tendrils. "The thousand tendriled vine." Southey.

Tendron

Ten"dron (?), n. [F. Cf. Tendril.] A tendril. [Obs.] Holland.

Tendry

Ten"dry (?), n. A tender; an offer. [Obs.] Heylin.

Tene

Tene (?), n. & v. See 1st and 2d Teen. [Obs.]

Tenebr\'91

Ten"e*br\'91 (?), n. [L., pl., darkness.] (R. C. Ch.) The matins and lauds for the last three days of Holy Week, commemorating the sufferings and death of Christ, -- usually sung on the afternoon or evening of Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, instead of on the following days.

Tenebricose

Te*neb"ri*cose` (?), a. [L. tenebricosus.] Tenebrous; dark; gloomy. [Obs.]

Tenebrific

Ten`e*brif"ic (?), a. [L. tenebrae darkness + facere to make.] Rendering dark or gloomy; tenebrous; gloomy.
It lightens, it brightens, The tenebrific scene. Burns.
Where light Lay fitful in a tenebrific time. R. Browning.

Tenebrificous

Ten`e*brif"ic*ous (?), a. Tenebrific.
Authors who are tenebrificous stars. Addison.

Tenebrious

Te*ne"bri*ous (?), a. Tenebrous. Young.

Tenebrose

Ten"e*brose` (?), a. Characterized by darkness or gloom; tenebrous.

Tenebrosity

Ten`e*bros"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tenebrous; tenebrousness. Burton.

Tenebrous

Ten"e*brous (?), a. [L. tenebrosus, fr. tenebrae darkness: cf. F. t\'82n\'82breux.] Dark; gloomy; dusky; tenebrious. -- Ten"e*brous*ness, n.
The most dark, tenebrous night. J. Hall (1565).
The towering and tenebrous boughts of the cypress. Longfellow.

Tenement

Ten"e*ment (?), n. [OF. tenement a holding, a fief, F. t\'8anement, LL. tenementum, fr. L. tenere to hold. See Tenant.]

1. (Feud. Law) That which is held of another by service; property which one holds of a lord or proprietor in consideration of some military or pecuniary service; fief; fee.

2. (Common Law) Any species of permanent property that may be held, so as to create a tenancy, as lands, houses, rents, commons, an office, an advowson, a franchise, a right of common, a peerage, and the like; -- called also free ∨ frank tenements.

The thing held is a tenement, the possessor of it a "tenant," and the manner of possession is called "tenure." Blackstone.

3. A dwelling house; a building for a habitation; also, an apartment, or suite of rooms, in a building, used by one family; often, a house erected to be rented.

4. Fig.: Dwelling; abode; habitation.

Who has informed us that a rational soul can inhabit no tenement, unless it has just such a sort of frontispiece? Locke.
Tenement house, commonly, a dwelling house erected for the purpose of being rented, and divided into separate apartments or tenements for families. The term is often applied to apartment houses occupied by poor families. Syn. -- House; dwelling; habitation. -- Tenement, House. There may be many houses under one roof, but they are completely separated from each other by party walls. A tenement may be detached by itself, or it may be part of a house divided off for the use of a family.

Tenemental

Ten`e*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tenement; capable of being held by tenants. Blackstone.

Tenementary

Ten`e*men"ta*ry (?), a. Capable of being leased; held by tenants. Spelman.

Tenent

Ten"ent (?), n. [L. tenent they hold, 3d pers. pl. pres. of tenere.] A tenet. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Teneral

Ten"er*al (?), a. [L. tener, -eris, tender, delicate.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a condition assumed by the imago of certain Neuroptera, after exclusion from the pupa. In this state the insect is soft, and has not fully attained its mature coloring.

Teneriffe

Ten`er*iffe" (?), n. A white wine resembling Madeira in taste, but more tart, produced in Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands; -- called also Vidonia.

Tenerity

Te*ner"i*ty (?), n. [L. teneritas. See Tender, a.] Tenderness. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Tenesmic

Te*nes"mic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to tenesmus; characterized by tenesmus.

Tenesmus

Te*nes"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tenesmos.] (Med.) An urgent and distressing sensation, as if a discharge from the intestines must take place, although none can be effected; -- always referred to the lower extremity of the rectum. Vesical tenesmus, a similar sensation as to the evacuation of urine, referred to the region of the bladder.

Tenet

Ten"et (?), n. [L. tenet he holds, fr. tenere to hold. See Tenable.] Any opinion, principle, dogma, belief, or doctrine, which a person holds or maintains as true; as, the tenets of Plato or of Cicero.
That al animals of the land are in their kind in the sea, . . . is a tenet very questionable. Sir T. Browne.
The religious tenets of his family he had early renounced with contempt. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Dogma; doctrine; opinion; principle; position. See Dogma.

Tenfold

Ten"fold` (?), a. & adv. In tens; consisting of ten in one; ten times repeated.
The grisly Terror . . . grew tenfold More dreadful and deform. Milton.

Tenia

Te"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] See T\'91nia.

Tenioid

Te"ni*oid (?), a. See T\'91noid.

Tennantite

Ten"nant*ite (?), n. [Named after Smithson Tennant, an English chemist.] (Min.) A blackish lead-gray mineral, closely related to tetrahedrite. It is essentially a sulphide of arsenic and copper.

Tenn\'82

Ten`n\'82" (?), n. [Cf. Tawny.] (Her.) A tincture, rarely employed, which is considered as an orange color or bright brown. It is represented by diagonal lines from sinister to dexter, crossed by vertical lines.

Tennis

Ten"nis (?), n. [OE. tennes, tenies, tenyse; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. F. tenez hold or take it, fr. tenir to hold (see Tenable).] A play in which a ball is driven to and fro, or kept in motion by striking it with a racket or with the open hand. Shak.
His easy bow, his good stories, his style of dancing and playing tennis, . . . were familiar to all London. Macaulay.
Court tennis, the old game of tennis as played within walled courts of peculiar construction; -- distinguished from lawn tennis. -- Lawn tennis. See under Lawn, n. -- Tennis court, a place or court for playing the game of tennis. Shak.

Tennis

Ten"nis, v. t. To drive backward and forward, as a ball in playing tennis. [R.] Spenser.

Tennu

Ten"nu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tapir.

Ten-o'clock

Ten"-o'*clock` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, the star-of-Bethlehem. See under Star.

Tenon

Ten"on (?), n. [F., fr. tenir to hold. See Tenable.] (Carp. & Join.) A projecting member left by cutting away the wood around it, and made to insert into a mortise, and in this way secure together the parts of a frame; especially, such a member when it passes entirely through the thickness of the piece in which the mortise is cut, and shows on the other side. Cf. Tooth, Tusk. Tenon saw, a saw with a thin blade, usually stiffened by a brass or steel back, for cutting tenons. [Corruptly written tenant saw.] Gwilt.

Tenon

Ten"on, v. t. To cut or fit for insertion into a mortise, as the end of a piece of timber.

Tenonian

Te*no"ni*an (?), a. (Anat.) Discovered or described by M. Tenon, a French anatomist. Tenonian capsule (Anat.), a lymphatic space inclosed by a delicate membrane or fascia (the fascia of Tenon) between the eyeball and the fat of the orbit; -- called also capsule of Tenon.

Tenor

Ten"or (?), n. [L., from tenere to hold; hence, properly, a holding on in a continued course: cf. F. teneur. See Tenable, and cf. Tenor a kind of voice.]

1. A state of holding on in a continuous course; manner of continuity; constant mode; general tendency; course; career.

Along the cool sequestered vale of life They kept the noiseless tenor of their away. Gray.

2. That course of thought which holds on through a discourse; the general drift or course of thought; purport; intent; meaning; understanding.

When it [the bond] is paid according to the tenor. Shak.
Does not the whole tenor of the divine law positively require humility and meekness to all men? Spart.

3. Stamp; character; nature.

This success would look like chance, if it were perpetual, and always of the same tenor. Dryden.

4. (Law) An exact copy of a writing, set forth in the words and figures of it. It differs from purport, which is only the substance or general import of the instrument. Bouvier.

5. [F. t\'82nor, L. tenor, properly, a holding; -- so called because the tenor was the voice which took and held the principal part, the plain song, air, or tune, to which the other voices supplied a harmony above and below: cf. It. tenore.] (Mus.) (a) The higher of the two kinds of voices usually belonging to adult males; hence, the part in the harmony adapted to this voice; the second of the four parts in the scale of sounds, reckoning from the base, and originally the air, to which the other parts were auxillary. (b) A person who sings the tenor, or the instrument that play it.

Old Tenor, New Tenor, Middle Tenor, different descriptions of paper money, issued at different periods, by the American colonial governments in the last century.

Tenosynovitis

Ten`o*syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. synovitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the synovial sheath enveloping a tendon.

Tenotome

Ten"o*tome (?), n. (Surg.) A slender knife for use in the operation of tenotomy.

Tenotomy

Te*not"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The division of a tendon, or the act of dividing a tendon.

Tenpenny

Ten"pen*ny (?), a. Valued or sold at ten pence; as, a tenpenny cake. See 2d Penny, n.

Tenpenny

Ten"pen*ny, a. Denoting a size of nails. See 1st Penny.

Tenpins

Ten"pins (?), n. A game resembling ninepins, but played with ten pins. See Ninepins. [U. S.]

Ten-pounder

Ten"-pound`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large oceanic fish (Elops saurus) found in the tropical parts of all the oceans. It is used chiefly for bait.

Tenrec

Ten"rec (?), n. [From the native name: cf. F. tanrac, tanrec, tandrec.] (Zo\'94l.) A small insectivore (Centetes ecaudatus), native of Madagascar, but introduced also into the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius; -- called also tanrec. The name is applied to other allied genera. See Tendrac.

Tense

Tense (?), n. [OF. tens, properly, time, F. temps time, tense. See Temporal of time, and cf. Thing.] (Gram.) One of the forms which a verb takes by inflection or by adding auxiliary words, so as to indicate the time of the action or event signified; the modification which verbs undergo for the indication of time. &hand; The primary simple tenses are three: those which express time past, present, and future; but these admit of modifications, which differ in different languages.

Tense

Tense, a. [L. tensus, p.p. of tendere to stretch. See Tend to move, and cf. Toise.] Stretched tightly; strained to stiffness; rigid; not lax; as, a tense fiber.
The temples were sunk, her forehead was tense, and a fatal paleness was upon her. Goldsmith.
-- Tense"ly, adv. -- Tense"ness, n.

Tensibility

Ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tensible; tensility.

Tensible

Ten"si*ble (?), a. [See Tense, a.] Capable of being extended or drawn out; ductile; tensible.
Gold . . . is likewise the most flexible and tensible. Bacon.

Tensile

Ten"sile (?), a. [See Tense, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to extension; as, tensile strength.

2. Capable of extension; ductile; tensible. Bacon.

Tensiled

Ten"siled (?), a. Made tensile. [R.]

Tensility

Ten*sil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tensile, or capable of extension; tensibility; as, the tensility of the muscles. Dr. H. Mere.

Tension

Ten"sion (?), n. [L. tensio, from tendere, tensum, to stretch: cf. F. tension. See Tense, a.]

1. The act of stretching or straining; the state of being stretched or strained to stiffness; the state of being bent strained; as, the tension of the muscles, tension of the larynx.

2. Fig.: Extreme strain of mind or excitement of feeling; intense effort.

3. The degree of stretching to which a wire, cord, piece of timber, or the like, is strained by drawing it in the direction of its length; strain. Gwilt.

4. (Mech.) The force by which a part is pulled when forming part of any system in equilibrium or in motion; as, the tension of a srting supporting a weight equals that weight.

5. A device for checking the delivery of the thread in a sewing machine, so as to give the stitch the required degree of tightness.

6. (Physics) Expansive force; the force with which the particles of a body, as a gas, tend to recede from each other and occupy a larger space; elastic force; elasticity; as, the tension of vapor; the tension of air.

7. (Elec.) The quality in consequence of which an electric charge tends to discharge itself, as into the air by a spark, or to pass from a body of greater to one of less electrical potential. It varies as the quantity of electricity upon a given area.

Tension brace, ∨ Tension member (Engin.), a brace or member designed to resist tension, or subjected to tension, in a structure. -- Tension rod (Engin.), an iron rod used as a tension member to strengthen timber or metal framework, roofs, or the like.

Tensioned

Ten"sioned (?), a. Extended or drawn out; subjected to tension. "A highly tensioned string." Tyndall.

Tensity

Ten"si*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tense, or strained to stiffness; tension; tenseness.

Tensive

Ten"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. tensif. See Tense, a.] Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness, or contraction.
A tensive pain from distension of the parts. Floyer.

Tensor

Ten"sor (?), n. [NL. See Tension.]

1. (Anat.) A muscle that stretches a part, or renders it tense.

2. (Geom.) The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into another. See Versor.

Ten-strike

Ten"-strike` (?), n.

1. (Tenpins) A knocking down of all ten pins at one delivery of the ball<-- also, strike-->. [U. S.]

2. Any quick, decisive stroke or act. [Colloq. U.S.]

Tensure

Ten"sure (?), n. [L. tensura. See Tension.] Tension. [Obs.] Bacon.

Tent

Tent (?), n. [Sp. tinto, properly, deep-colored, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to dye. See Tinge, and cf. Tint, Tinto.] A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga in Spain; -- called also tent wine, and tinta.

Tent

Tent, n. [Cf. Attent, n.]

1. Attention; regard, care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Lydgate.

2. Intention; design. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tent

Tent, v. t. To attend to; to heed; hence, to guard; to hinder. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

Tent

Tent, v. t. [OF. tenter. See Tempt.] To probe or to search with a tent; to keep open with a tent; as, to tent a wound. Used also figuratively.
I'll tent him to the quick. Shak.

Tent

Tent, n. [F. tente. See Tent to probe.] (Surg.) (a) A roll of lint or linen, or a conical or cylindrical piece of sponge or other absorbent, used chiefly to dilate a natural canal, to keep open the orifice of a wound, or to absorb discharges. (b) A probe for searching a wound.
The tent that searches To the bottom of the worst. Shak.
Page 1486

Tent

Tent (?), n. [OE. tente, F. tente, LL. tenta, fr. L. tendere, tentum, to stretch. See Tend to move, and cf. Tent a roll of lint.]

1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, -- used for sheltering persons from the weather, especially soldiers in camp.

Within his tent, large as is a barn. Chaucer.

2. (Her.) The representation of a tent used as a bearing.

Tent bed, a high-post bedstead curtained with a tentlike canopy. -- Tent caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of gregarious caterpillars which construct on trees large silken webs into which they retreat when at rest. Some of the species are very destructive to fruit trees. The most common American species is the larva of a bombycid moth (Clisiocampa Americana). Called also lackery caterpillar, and webworm.

Tent

Tent, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tented; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenting.] To lodge as a tent; to tabernacle. Shak.
We 're tenting to-night on the old camp ground. W. Kittredge.

Tentacle

Ten"ta*cle (?), n. [NL. tentaculum, from L. tentare to handle, feel: cf. F. tentacule. See Tempt.] (Zo\'94l.) A more or less elongated process or organ, simple or branched, proceeding from the head or cephalic region of invertebrate animals, being either an organ of sense, prehension, or motion. Tentacle sheath (Zo\'94l.), a sheathlike structure around the base of the tentacles of many mollusks.

Tentacled

Ten"ta*cled (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having tentacles.

Tentacular

Ten*tac"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. tentaculaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a tentacle or tentacles.

Tentaculata

Ten*tac`u*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Ctenophora including those which have two long tentacles.

Tentaculate, Tentaculated

Ten*tac"u*late (?), Ten*tac"u*la`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having tentacles, or organs like tentacles; tentacled.

Tentaculifera

Ten`ta*cu*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Suctoria, 1.

Tentaculiferous

Ten`ta*cu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Tentaculum + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing or bearing tentacles.

Tentaculiform

Ten`ta*cu"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)Shaped like a tentacle.

Tentaculite

Ten*tac"u*lite (?), n. (Paleon.) Any one of numerous species of small, conical fossil shells found in Paleozoic rocks. They are supposed to be pteropods.

Tentaculocyst

Ten*tac"u*lo*cyst (?), n. [Tentaculum + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the auditory organs of certain medus\'91; -- called also auditory tentacle.

Tentaculum

Ten*tac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Tentacula (#). [NL. See Tentacle.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A tentacle.

2. (Anat.) One of the stiff hairs situated about the mouth, or on the face, of many animals, and supposed to be tactile organs; a tactile hair.

Tentage

Tent"age (?), n. [From Tent a pavilion.] A collection of tents; an encampment. [Obs.] Drayton.

Tentation

Ten*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tentatio: cf. F. tentation. See Temptation.]

1. Trial; temptation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Mech.) A mode of adjusting or operating by repeated trials or experiments. Knight.

Tentative

Ten*ta"tive (?), a. [L. tentare to try: cf. F. tentatif. See Tempt.] Of or pertaining to a trial or trials; essaying; experimental. "A slow, tentative manner." Carlyle. -- Ten*ta"tive*ly, adv.

Tentative

Ten*ta"tive, n. [Cf. F. tentative.] An essay; a trial; an experiment. Berkley.

Tented

Tent"ed (?), a. Covered with tents.

Tenter

Ten"ter (?), n.

1. One who takes care of, or tends, machines in a factory; a kind of assistant foreman.

2. (Mach.) A kind of governor.

Tenter

Ten"ter, n. [OE. tenture, tentoure, OF. tenture a stretching, spreading, F. tenture hangings, tapestry, from L. tendere, tentum, to stretch. See Tend to move.] A machine or frame for stretching cloth by means of hooks, called tenter-hooks, so that it may dry even and square. Tenter ground, a place where tenters are erected. -- Tenter-hook, a sharp, hooked nail used for fastening cloth on a tenter. -- To be on the tenters, ∨ on the tenter-hooks, to be on the stretch; to be in distress, uneasiness, or suspense. Hudibras.

Tenter

Ten"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tentered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tentering.] To admit extension.
Woolen cloth will tenter, linen scarcely. Bacon.

Tenter

Ten"ter, v. t. To hang or stretch on, or as on, tenters.

Tentful

Tent"ful (?), n.; pl. Tentfuls (. As much, or as many, as a tent will hold.

Tenth

Tenth (?), a. [From Ten: cf. OE. tethe, AS. te\'a2. See Ten, and cf. Tithe.]

1. Next in order after the ninth; coming after nine others.

2. Constituting or being one of ten equal parts into which anything is divided.

Tenth

Tenth (?), n.

1. The next in order after the ninth; one coming after nine others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by ten; one of ten equal parts into which anything is divided.

3. The tenth part of annual produce, income, increase, or the like; a tithe. Shak.

4. (Mus.) The interval between any tone and the tone represented on the tenth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and three of the octave above; the octave of the third.

5. pl. (Eng. Law) (a) A temporary aid issuing out of personal property, and granted to the king by Parliament; formerly, the real tenth part of all the movables belonging to the subject. (b) (Eccl. Law) The tenth part of the annual profit of every living in the kingdom, formerly paid to the pope, but afterward transferred to the crown. It now forms a part of the fund called Queen Anne's Bounty. <-- (b) sic. = tithe? what kind of "living"?? prob. living, n. 5 = "the benefice of a clergyman" --> Burrill.

Tenthly

Tenth"ly, adv. In a tenth manner.

Tenthmeter, Tenthmetre

Tenth"me`ter, Tenth"me`tre (?), n. (Physics) A unit for the measurement of many small lengths, such that 1010 of these units make one meter; the ten millionth part of a millimeter.

Tenthredinides

Ten`thre*din"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Hymneoptera comprising the sawflies.

Tentif

Ten"tif (?), a. Attentive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tentifly

Ten"tif*ly, adv. Attentively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tentiginous

Ten*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. tentigo, -inis, a tension, lecherousness, fr. tendere, tentum, to stretch.]

1. Stiff; stretched; strained. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Lustful, or pertaining to lust. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tentmaker

Tent"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation it is to make tents. Acts xviii. 3.

Tentorium

Ten*to"ri*um (?), n. [L., a tent.] (Anat.) A fold of the dura mater which separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum and often incloses a process or plate of the skull called the bony tentorium.

Tentory

Tent"o*ry (?), n. [L. tentorium a tent.] The awning or covering of a tent. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Tentwort

Tent"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of small fern, the wall rue. See under Wall.

Tenuate

Ten"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tenuating.] [L. tenuatus, p.p. of tenuare to make thin, fr. tenuis thin. See Tenuous.] To make thin; to attenuate. [R.]

Tenuifolious

Ten`u*i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. tenuis thin + folium a leaf.] (Bot.) Having thin or narrow leaves.

Tenuious

Te*nu"i*ous (?), a. [See Tenuous.] Rare or subtile; tenuous; -- opposed to dense. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Tenuiroster

Ten`u*i*ros"ter (?), n.; pl. Tenuirosters (#). [NL., fr. L. tenuis thin + rostrum a beak.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tenuirostres.

Tenuirostral

Ten`u*i*ros"tral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Thin-billed; -- applied to birds with a slender bill, as the humming birds.

Tenuirostres

Ten`u*i*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial group of passerine birds having slender bills, as the humming birds.

Tenuis

Ten"u*is (?), n.; pl. Tenues (#). [NL., fr. L. tenuis fine, thin. See Tenuous.] (Gr. Gram.) One of the three surd mutes κ, π, τ; -- so called in relation to their respective middle letters, or medials, γ, β, δ, and their aspirates, χ, φ, θ. The term is also applied to the corresponding letters and articulate elements in other languages.

Tenuity

Te*nu"i*ty (?), n. [L. tenuitas, from tenuis thin: cf. F. t\'82nuit\'82. See Tenuous.]

1. The quality or state of being tenuous; thinness, applied to a broad substance; slenderness, applied to anything that is long; as, the tenuity of a leaf; the tenuity of a hair.

2. Rarily; rareness; thinness, as of a fluid; as, the tenuity of the air; the tenuity of the blood. Bacon.

3. Poverty; indigence. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike.

4. Refinement; delicacy.

Tenuous

Ten"u*ous (?), a. [L. tenuis thin. See Thin, and cf. Tenuis.]

1. Thin; slender; small; minute.

2. Rare; subtile; not dense; -- said of fluids. <-- 3. Fig. Lacking substance, as a tenuous argument. -->

Tenure

Ten"ure (?), n. [F. tenure, OF. teneure, fr. F. tenir to hold. See Tenable.]

1. The act or right of holding, as property, especially real estate.

That the tenure of estates might rest on equity, the Indian title to lands was in all cases to be quieted. Bancroft.

2. (Eng. Law) The manner of holding lands and tenements of a superior. &hand; Tenure is inseparable from the idea of property in land, according to the theory of the English law; and this idea of tenure pervades, to a considerable extent, the law of real property in the United States, where the title to land is essentially allodial, and almost all lands are held in fee simple, not of a superior, but the whole right and title to the property being vested in the owner. Tenure, in general, then, is the particular manner of holding real estate, as by exclusive title or ownership, by fee simple, by fee tail, by courtesy, in dower, by copyhold, by lease, at will, etc.

3. The consideration, condition, or service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or superior for the use of his land.

4. Manner of holding, in general; as, in absolute governments, men hold their rights by a precarious tenure.

All that seems thine own, Held by the tenure of his will alone. Cowper.
Tenure by fee alms. (Law) See Frankalmoigne.

Teocalli

Te`o*cal"li (?), n.; pl. Teocallis (#). [Mexican.] Literally, God's house; a temple, usually of pyramidal form, such as were built by the aborigines of Mexico, Yucatan, etc.
And Aztec priests upon their teocallis Beat the wild war-drums made of serpent's skin. Longfellow.

Teosinte

Te`o*sin"te (?), n. (Bot.) A large grass (Euchl\'91na luxurians) closely related to maize. It is native of Mexico and Central America, but is now cultivated for fodder in the Southern United States and in many warm countries. Called also Guatemala grass.

Tepal

Tep"al (?), n. [F. t\'82pale, fr. p\'82tale, by transposition.] (Bot.) A division of a perianth. [R.]

Tepee

Tep*ee" (?), n. An Indian wigwam or tent.<-- also teepee -->

Tepefaction

Tep`e*fac"tion (?), n. Act of tepefying.

Tepefy

Tep"e*fy (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Tepefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tepefying (?).] [L. tepere to be tepid + -fy; cf. L. tepefacere. See Tepid.] To make or become tepid, or moderately warm. Goldsmith.

Tephramancy

Teph"ra*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by the ashes of the altar on which a victim had been consumed in sacrifice.

Tephrite

Teph"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Geol.) An igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase and either leucite or nephelite, or both.

Tephroite

Teph"ro*ite (?), n. [See Tephrosia.] (Min.) A silicate of manganese of an ash-gray color.

Tephrosia

Te*phro"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous shrubby plants and herbs, mostly found in tropical countries, a few herbaceous species being North American. The foliage is often ashy-pubescent, whence the name. &hand; The Tephrosia toxicaria is used in the West Indies and in Polynesia for stupefying fish. T. purpurea is used medicinally in the East Indies. T. Virginia is the goat's rue of the United States.

Tepid

Tep"id (?), a. [L. tepidus, fr. tepere to be warm; akin to Skr. tap to be warm, tapas heat.] Moderately warm; lukewarm; as, a tepid bath; tepid rays; tepid vapors. -- Tep"id*ness, n.

Tepidity

Te*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. t\'82pidit\'82.] The quality or state of being tepid; moderate warmth; lukewarmness; tepidness. Jer. Taylor.

Tepor

Te"por (?), n. [L., fr. tepere to be tepid.] Gentle heat; moderate warmth; tepidness. Arbuthnot.

Tequila

Te*qui"la (?), n. An intoxicating liquor made from the maguey in the district of Tequila, Mexico.

Ter-

Ter- (?). A combining form from L. ter signifying three times, thrice. See Tri-, 2.

Teraconic

Ter`a*con"ic (?), a. [Terebic + citraconic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the distillation of terebic acid, and homologous with citraconic acid.

Teracrylic

Ter`a*cryl"ic (?), a. [Terpene + acrylic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic series, obtained by the distillation of terpenylic acid, as an only substance having a peculiar cheesy odor.

Teraph

Ter"aph (?), n.; pl. Teraphs (. See Teraphim.

Teraphim

Ter"a*phim (?), n. pl. [Heb. ter\'beph\'c6m.] Images connected with the magical rites used by those Israelites who added corrupt practices to the patriarchal religion. Teraphim were consulted by the Israelites for oracular answers. Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.).

Terapin

Ter"a*pin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Terrapin.

Teratical

Te*rat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Wonderful; ominous; prodigious. [Obs.] Wollaston.

Teratogeny

Ter`a*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The formation of monsters.

Teratoid

Ter"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling a monster; abnormal; of a pathological growth, exceedingly complex or highly organized. S. D. Gross.

Teratological

Ter`a*to*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to teratology; as, teratological changes.

Teratology

Ter`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. Gr. t\'82ratologie.]

1. That branch of biological science which treats of monstrosities, malformations, or deviations from the normal type of structure, either in plants or animals.

2. Affectation of sublimity; bombast. [Obs.] Bailey.

Teratoma

Ter`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor, sometimes found in newborn children, which is made up of a heterigenous mixture of tissues, as of bone, cartilage and muscle.

Terbic

Ter"bic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, terbium; also, designating certain of its compounds.

Terbium

Ter"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of uncertain identification, supposed to exist in certain minerals, as gadolinite and samarskite, with other rare ytterbium earth. Symbol Tr or Tb. Atomic weight 150.

Terce

Terce (?), n. See Tierce.

Tercel

Ter"cel (?), n. See Tiercel. Called also tarsel, tassel. Chaucer.

Tercelet

Terce"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A male hawk or eagle; a tiercelet. Chaucer.

Tercellene

Ter"cel*lene (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small male hawk. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Tercentenary

Ter*cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [L. ter thirce + E. centenary.] Including, or relating to, an interval of three hundred years. -- n. The three hundredth anniversary of any event; also, a celebration of such an anniversary.

Tercet

Ter"cet (?), n. [F., fr. It. terzetto, dim. of terzo, third, L. tertius. See Tierce, and cf. Terzetto.]

1. (Mus.) A triplet. Hiles.

2. (Poetry) A triplet; a group of three lines.

Tercine

Ter"cine (?), n. [F., from L. tertius the third.] (Bot.) A cellular layer derived from the nucleus of an ovule and surrounding the embryo sac. Cf. Quintine.

Terebate

Ter"e*bate (?), n. A salt of terebic acid.

Terebene

Ter"e*bene (?), n. (Chem.) A polymeric modification of terpene, obtained as a white crystalline camphorlike substance; -- called also camphene. By extension, any one of a group of related substances.
Page 1487

Terebenthene

Ter`e*ben"thene (?), n. (Chem.) Oil of turpentine. See Turpentine.

Terebic

Te*reb"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, terbenthene (oil of turpentine); specifically, designating an acid, C7H10O4, obtained by the oxidation of terbenthene with nitric acid, as a white crystalline substance.

Terebilenic

Ter`e*bi*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid, C7H8O4, obtained as a white crystalline substance by a modified oxidation of terebic acid.

Terebinth

Ter"e*binth (?), n. [L. terbinthus, Gr. t\'82r\'82binthe. Cf. Turpentine.] (Bot.) The turpentine tree.

Terebinthic

Ter`e*bin"thic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to turpentine; resembling turpentine; terbinthine; as, terbinthic qualities.

Terebinthinate

Ter`e*bin"thi*nate (?), a. Impregnating with the qualities of turpentine; terbinthine.

Terebinthine

Ter`e*bin"thine (?), a. [L. terbinthinus, Gr. Of or pertaining to turpentine; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its qualities.

Terebra

Ter"e*bra (?), n.; pl. E. Terebras (#), L. Terebr\'91 (#). [L., a borer.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods having a long, tapering spire. They belong to the Toxoglossa. Called also auger shell.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The boring ovipositor of a hymenopterous insect.

Terebrant

Ter"e*brant (?), a. [L. terebrans, -antis, p.pr.] (Zo\'94l.) Boring, or adapted for boring; -- said of certain Hymenoptera, as the sawflies.

Terebrantia

Ter`e*bran"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hymenoptera including those which have an ovipositor adapted for perforating plants. It includes the sawflies.

Terebrate

Ter"e*brate (?), v. t. [L. terebratus, p.p. of terebrare, from terebra a borer, terere to rub.] To perforate; to bore; to pierce. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Terebrating

Ter"e*bra`ting (?), a.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Boring; perforating; -- applied to molluskas which form holes in rocks, wood, etc.

2. (Med.) Boring; piercing; -- applied to certain kinds of pain, especially to those of locomotor ataxia.

Terebration

Ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. terebratio.] The act of terebrating, or boring. [R.] Bacon.

Terebratula

Ter`e*brat"u*la (?), n.; pl. Terebratul\'91 (#). [Nl., dim. fr. terebratus, p.p., perforated.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of brachiopods which includes many living and some fossil species. The larger valve has a perforated beak, through which projects a short peduncle for attachment. Called also lamp shell.

Terebratulid

Ter`e*brat"u*lid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Terebratula or allied genera. Used also adjectively.

Terebratuliform

Ter`e*bra*tu"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the general form of a terebratula shell.

Teredine

Ter"e*dine (?), n. [F. t\'82r\'82dine.] (Zo\'94l.) A borer; the teredo.

Teredo

Te*re"do (?), n.; pl. E. Teredos (#), L. Teredines (#). [L., a worm that gnaws wood, clothes, etc.; akin to Gr. terere to rub.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of long, slender, wormlike bivalve mollusks which bore into submerged wood, such as the piles of wharves, bottoms of ships, etc.; -- called also shipworm. See Shipworm. See Illust. in App.

Terephthalate

Ter*eph"tha*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of terephthalic acid.

Terephthalic

Ter`eph*thal"ic (?), a. [Terebene + phthalic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the aromatic series, metameric with phthalic acid, and obtained, as a tasteless white crystalline powder, by the oxidation of oil of turpentine; -- called also paraphthalic acid. Cf. Phthalic.

Teret

Ter"et (?), a. Round; terete. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Terete

Te*rete" (?), a. [L. teres, -etis, rounded off, properly, rubbed off, fr. terere to rub.] Cylindrical and slightly tapering; columnar, as some stems of plants.

Teretial

Te*re"tial (?), a. [See Terete.] (Anat.) Rounded; as, the teretial tracts in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain of some fishes. Owen.

Teretous

Ter"e*tous (?), a. Terete. [Obs.]

Tergal

Ter"gal (?), a. [L. tergum the back.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to back, or tergum. See Dorsal.

Tergant

Ter"gant (?), a. (Her.) Showing the back; as, the eagle tergant. [Written also tergiant.]

Tergeminal, Tergeminate

Ter*gem"i*nal (?), Ter*gem"i*nate (?), a. [See Tergeminous.] (Bot.) Thrice twin; having three pairs of leaflets.

Tergeminous

Ter*gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. tergeminus; ter thrice + geminus doubled at birth, twin-born. Cf. Trigeminous.] Threefold; thrice-paired. Blount.

Tergiferous

Ter*gif"er*ous (?), a. [L. tergum the back + -ferous.] Carrying or bearing upon the back. Tergiferous plants (Bot.), plants which bear their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns.

Tergite

Ter"gite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dorsal portion of an arthromere or somite of an articulate animal. See Illust. under Coleoptera.

Tergiversate

Ter"gi*ver*sate (?), v. i. [L. tergiversatus, p.p. of tergiversari to turn one's back, to shift; tergum back + versare, freq. of vertere to turn. See Verse.] To shift; to practice evasion; to use subterfuges; to shuffle. [R.] Bailey.

Tergiversation

Ter`gi*ver*sa"tion (?), n. [L. tergiversario: cf. F. tergiversation.]

1. The act of tergiversating; a shifting; shift; subterfuge; evasion.

Writing is to be preferred before verbal conferences, as being freer from passions and tergiversations. Abp. Bramhall.

2. Fickleness of conduct; inconstancy; change.

The colonel, after all his tergiversations, lost his life in the king's service. Clarendon.

Tergiversator

Ter"gi*ver*sa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who tergiversates; one who suffles, or practices evasion.

Tergum

Ter"gum (?), n.; pl. Terga (#). [L., the back.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The back of an animal. (b) The dorsal piece of a somite of an articulate animal. (c) One of the dorsal plates of the operculum of a cirriped.

Terin

Te"rin (?), n. [F. tarin, Prov. F. tairin, t\'82rin, probably from the Picard t\'8are tender.] (Zo\'94l.) A small yellow singing bird, with an ash-colored head; the European siskin. Called also tarin.

Term

Term (?), n. [F. terme, L. termen, -inis, terminus, a boundary limit, end; akin to Gr. Thrum a tuft, and cf. Terminus, Determine, Exterminate.]

1. That which limits the extent of anything; limit; extremity; bound; boundary.

Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms, or boundaries. Bacon.

2. The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of five years; the term of life.

3. In universities, schools, etc., a definite continuous period during which instruction is regularly given to students; as, the school year is divided into three terms.

4. (Geom.) A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.

5. (Law) A fixed period of time; a prescribed duration; as: (a) The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a term of years. (b) A space of time granted to a debtor for discharging his obligation. (c) The time in which a court is held or is open for the trial of causes. Bouvier. &hand; In England, there were formerly four terms in the year, during which the superior courts were open: Hilary term, beginning on the 11th and ending on the 31st of January; Easter term, beginning on the 15th of April, and ending on the 8th of May; Trinity term, beginning on the 22d day of May, and ending on the 12th of June; Michaelmas term, beginning on the 2d and ending on the 25th day of November. The rest of the year was called vacation. But this division has been practically abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873, 1875, which provide for the more convenient arrangement of the terms and vacations. In the United States, the terms to be observed by the tribunals of justice are prescribed by the statutes of Congress and of the several States.

6. (Logic) The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.

The subject and predicate of a proposition are, after Aristotle, together called its terms or extremes. Sir W. Hamilton.
&hand; The predicate of the conclusion is called the major term, because it is the most general, and the subject of the conclusion is called the minor term, because it is less general. These are called the extermes; and the third term, introduced as a common measure between them, is called the mean or middle term. Thus in the following syllogism, -- Every vegetable is combustible; Every tree is a vegetable; Therefore every tree is combustible, - combustible, the predicate of the conclusion, is the major term; tree is the minor term; vegetable is the middle term.

7. A word or expression; specifically, one that has a precisely limited meaning in certain relations and uses, or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or the like; as, a technical term. "Terms quaint of law." Chaucer.

In painting, the greatest beauties can not always be expressed for want of terms. Dryden.

8. (Arch.) A quadrangular pillar, adorned on the top with the figure of a head, as of a man, woman, or satyr; -- called also terminal figure. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3. &hand; The pillar part frequently tapers downward, or is narrowest at the base. Terms rudely carved were formerly used for landmarks or boundaries. Gwilt.

9. (Alg.) A member of a compound quantity; as, a or b in a + b; ab or cd in ab - cd.

10. pl. (Med.) The menses.

11. pl. (Law) Propositions or promises, as in contracts, which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties; conditions.

12. (Law) In Scotland, the time fixed for the payment of rents. &hand; Terms legal and conventional in Scotland correspond to quarter days in England and Ireland. There are two legal terms -- Whitsunday, May 15, and Martinmas, Nov. 11; and two conventional terms -- Candlemas, Feb. 2, and Lammas day, Aug. 1. Mozley & W.

13. (Naut.) A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail. J. Knowels.

In term, in set terms; in formal phrase. [Obs.]
I can not speak in term. Chaucer.
-- Term fee (Law) (a), a fee by the term, chargeable to a suitor, or by law fixed and taxable in the costs of a cause for each or any term it is in court. -- Terms of a proportion (Math.), the four members of which it is composed. -- To bring to terms, to compel (one) to agree, assent, or submit; to force (one) to come to terms. -- To make terms, to come to terms; to make an agreement: to agree. Syn. -- Limit; bound; boundary; condition; stipulation; word; expression. -- Term, Word. These are more frequently interchanged than almost any other vocables that occur of the language. There is, however, a difference between them which is worthy of being kept in mind. Word is generic; it denotes an utterance which represents or expresses our thoughts and feelings. Term originally denoted one of the two essential members of a proposition in logic, and hence signifies a word of specific meaning, and applicable to a definite class of objects. Thus, we may speak of a scientific or a technical term, and of stating things in distinct terms. Thus we say, "the term minister literally denotes servant;" "an exact definition of terms is essential to clearness of thought;" "no term of reproach can sufficiently express my indignation;" "every art has its peculiar and distinctive terms," etc. So also we say, "purity of style depends on the choice of words, and precision of style on a clear understanding of the terms used." Term is chiefly applied to verbs, nouns, and adjectives, these being capable of standing as terms in a logical proposition; while prepositions and conjunctions, which can never be so employed, are rarely spoken of as terms, but simply as words.

Term

Term (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Termed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terming.] [See Term, n., and cf. Terminate.] To apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate.
Men term what is beyond the limits of the universe "imaginary space." Locke.

Terma

Ter"ma (?), n. [NL. See Term, n.] (Anat.) The terminal lamina, or thin ventral part, of the anterior wall of the third ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder.

Termagancy

Ter"ma*gan*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being termagant; turbulence; tumultuousness; as, a violent termagancy of temper.

Termagant

Ter"ma*gant (?), n. [OE. Trivigant, Termagant, Termagant (in sense 1), OF. Tervagan; cf. It. Trivigante.]

1. An imaginary being supposed by the Christians to be a Mohammedan deity or false god. He is represented in the ancient moralities, farces, and puppet shows as extremely vociferous and tumultous. [Obs.] Chaucer. "And oftentimes by Termagant and Mahound [Mahomet] swore." Spenser.

The lesser part on Christ believed well, On Termagant the more, and on Mahound. Fairfax.

2. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent person; -- formerly applied to both sexes, now only to women.

This terrible termagant, this Nero, this Pharaoh. Bale (1543).
The slave of an imperious and reckless termagant. Macaulay.

Termagant

Ter"ma*gant, a. Tumultuous; turbulent; boisterous; furious; quarrelsome; scolding. -- Ter"ma*gant*ly, adv.
A termagant, imperious, prodigal, profligate wench. Arbuthnot.

Termatarium

Ter`ma*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Termes.] (Zo\'94l.) Any nest or dwelling of termes, or white ants.

Termatary

Ter"ma*ta*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Termatarium.

Termer

Term"er (?), n.

1. One who resorted to London during the law term only, in order to practice tricks, to carry on intrigues, or the like. [Obs.] [Written also termor.] B. Jonson.

2. (Law) One who has an estate for a term of years or for life.

Termes

Ter"mes (?), n.; pl. Termities (#). [L. termes, tarmes, -itis, a woodworm. Cf. Termite.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Pseudoneuroptera including the white ants, or termites. See Termite.

Terminable

Ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [See Terminate.] Capable of being terminated or bounded; limitable. -- Ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n. Terminable annuity, an annuity for a stated, definite number of years; -- distinguished from life annuity, and perpetual annuity.

Terminal

Ter"mi*nal (?), a. [L. terminals: cf. F. terminal. See Term, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the end or extremity; forming the extremity; as, a terminal edge.

2. (Bot.) Growing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating; as, a terminal bud, flower, or spike.

Terminal moraine. See the Note under Moraine. -- Terminal statue. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3. -- Terminal velocity. (a) The velocity acquired at the end of a body's motion. (b) The limit toward which the velocity of a body approaches, as of a body falling through the air.

Terminal

Ter"mi*nal, n.

1. That which terminates or ends; termination; extremity.

2. (Eccl.) Either of the ends of the conducting circuit of an electrical apparatus, as an inductorium, dynamo, or electric motor, usually provided with binding screws for the attachment of wires by which a current may be conveyed into or from the machine; a pole. <-- 3. (a) The station at either end of a line used by a carrier (as a bus line or railroad) for transporting freight or passengers; also, a station on such a line which serves a large area. (b) The city in which the terminal is located. bus terminal, a station where passenger buses start or end a trip. freight terminal, a terminal used for loading or unloading of freight. -->

Terminalia

Ter`mi*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A festival celebrated annually by the Romans on February 23 in honor of Terminus, the god of boundaries.

Terminant

Ter"mi*nant (?), n. [L. terminans, p.pr. of terminare.] Termination; ending. [R.] Puttenham.

Terminate

Ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terminating.] [L. terminatus, p.p. of terminare. See Term.]

1. To set a term or limit to; to form the extreme point or side of; to bound; to limit; as, to terminate a surface by a line.

2. To put an end to; to make to cease; as, to terminate an effort, or a controversy.

3. Hence, to put the finishing touch to; to bring to completion; to perfect.

During this interval of calm and prosperity, he [Michael Angelo] terminated two figures of slaves, destined for the tomb, in an incomparable style of art. J. S. Harford.
Page 1488

Terminate

Ter"mi*nate (?), v. i.

1. To be limited in space by a point, line, or surface; to stop short; to end; to cease; as, the torrid zone terminates at the tropics.

2. To come to a limit in time; to end; to close.

The wisdom of this world, its designs and efficacy, terminate on zhis side heaven. South.

Termination

Ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. terminatio a bounding, fixing, determining: cf. F. terminasion, OF. also termination. See Term.]

1. The act of terminating, or of limiting or setting bounds; the act of ending or concluding; as, a voluntary termination of hostilities.

2. That which ends or bounds; limit in space or extent; bound; end; as, the termination of a line.

3. End in time or existence; as, the termination of the year, or of life; the termination of happiness.

4. End; conclusion; result. Hallam.

5. Last purpose of design. [R.]

6. A word; a term. [R. & Obs.] Shak.

7. (Gram.) The ending of a word; a final syllable or letter; the part added to a stem in inflection.

Terminational

Ter`mi*na"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to termination; forming a termination.

Terminative

Ter"mi*na*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to terminate; terminating; determining; definitive. Bp. Rust. -- Ter"mi*na*tive*ly, adv. Jer. Taylor.

Terminator

Ter"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L., he who limits or sets bounds.]

1. One who, or that which, terminates.

2. (Astron.) The dividing line between the illuminated and the unilluminated part of the moon. <-- The Terminator. Arnold Schwarzenegger. -->

Terminatory

Ter"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. Terminative.

Termine

Ter"mine (?), v. t. [Cf. F. terminer.] To terminate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Terminer

Ter"mi*ner (?), n. [F. terminer to bound, limit, end. See Terminate.] (Law) A determining; as, in oyer and terminer. See Oyer.

Terminism

Ter"mi*nism (?), n. The doctrine held by the Terminists.

Terminist

Ter"mi*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. terministe.] (Theol.) One of a class of theologians who maintain that God has fixed a certain term for the probation of individual persons, during which period, and no longer, they have the offer to grace. Murdock.

Terminological

Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to terminology. -- Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Terminology

Ter`mi*nol"o*gy (?), n. [L. terminus term + -logy: cf. F. terminologie.]

1. The doctrine of terms; a theory of terms or appellations; a treatise on terms.

2. The terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms; as, the terminology of chemistry.

The barbarous effect produced by a German structure of sentence, and a terminology altogether new. De Quincey.

Terminus

Ter"mi*nus (?), n.; pl. Termini (#). [L. See Term.]

1. Literally, a boundary; a border; a limit.

2. (Myth.) The Roman divinity who presided over boundaries, whose statue was properly a short pillar terminating in the bust of a man, woman, satyr, or the like, but often merely a post or stone stuck in the ground on a boundary line.

3. Hence, any post or stone marking a boundary; a term. See Term, 8.

4. Either end of a railroad line; also, the station house, or the town or city, at that place.

Termite

Ter"mite (?), n.; pl. Termites (#). [F. See Termes.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of pseudoneoropterous insects belonging to Termes and allied genera; -- called also white ant. See Illust. of White ant. &hand; They are very abundant in tropical countries, and are noted for their destructive habits, their large nests, their remarkable social instincts, and their division of labor among the polymorphic individuals of several kinds. Besides the males and females, each nest has ordinary workers, and large-headed individuals called soldiers.

Termless

Term"less (?), a.

1. Having no term or end; unlimited; boundless; unending; as, termless time. [R.] "Termless joys." Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Inexpressible; indescribable. [R.] Shak.

Termly

Term"ly (?), a. Occurring every term; as, a termly fee. [R.] Bacon.

Termly

Term"ly, adv. Term by term; every term. [R.] "Fees . . . that are termly given." Bacon.

Termonology

Ter`mo*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] Terminology. [R.]

Termor

Term"or (?), n. (Law) Same as Termer, 2.

Tern

Tern (?), n. [Dan. terne, t\'91rne; akin to Sw. t\'84rna, Icel. ; cf. NL. sterna.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of long-winged aquatic birds, allied to the gulls, and belonging to Sterna and various allied genera. &hand; Terns differ from gulls chiefly in their graceful form, in their weaker and more slender bills and feet, and their longer and more pointed wings. The tail is usually forked. Most of the species are white with the back and wings pale gray, and often with a dark head. The common European tern (Sterna hirundo) is found also in Asia and America. Among other American species are the arctic tern (S. paradis\'91a), the roseate tern (S. Dougalli), the least tern (S. Antillarum), the royal tern (S. maxima), and the sooty tern (S. fuliginosa). Hooded tern. See Fairy bird, under Fairy. -- Marsh tern, any tern of the genus Hydrochelidon. They frequent marshes and rivers and feed largely upon insects. -- River tern, any tern belonging to Se\'89na or allied genera which frequent rivers. -- Sea tern, any tern of the genus Thalasseus. Terns of this genus have very long, pointed wings, and chiefly frequent seas and the mouths of large rivers.

Tern

Tern (?), a. [L. pl. terni three each, three; akin to tres three. See Three, and cf. Trine.] Threefold; triple; consisting of three; ternate. Tern flowers (Bot.), flowers growing three and three together. -- Tern leaves (Bot.), leaves arranged in threes, or three by three, or having three in each whorl or set. -- Tern peduncles (Bot.), three peduncles growing together from the same axis. -- Tern schooner (Naut.), a three-masted schooner.

Tern

Tern, n. [F. terne. See Tern, a.] That which consists of, or pertains to, three things or numbers together; especially, a prize in a lottery resulting from the favorable combination of three numbers in the drawing; also, the three numbers themselves.
She'd win a tern in Thursday's lottery. Mrs. Browning.

Ternary

Ter"na*ry (?), a. [L. ternarius, fr. terni. See Tern, a.]

1. Proceeding by threes; consisting of three; as, the ternary number was anciently esteemed a symbol of perfection, and held in great veneration.

2. (Chem.) Containing, or consisting of, three different parts, as elements, atoms, groups, or radicals, which are regarded as having different functions or relations in the molecule; thus, sodic hydroxide, NaOH, is a ternary compound.

Ternary

Ter"na*ry, n.; pl. Ternaries (. A ternion; the number three; three things taken together; a triad.
Some in ternaries, some in pairs, and some single. Holder.

Ternate

Ter"nate (?), a. [NL. ternatus, fr. L. terni three each. See Tern, a.] Having the parts arranged by threes; as, ternate branches, leaves, or flowers. -- Ter"nate*ly, adv.

Terneplate

Terne"plate` (?), n. [See Tern, a., and Plate.] Thin iron sheets coated with an alloy of lead and tin; -- so called because made up of three metals.

Ternion

Ter"ni*on (?), n. [L. ternio, fr. terni three each. See Tern, a.] The number three; three things together; a ternary. Bp. Hall.

Terpene

Ter"pene (?), n. [See Turpentine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of isomeric hydrocarbons of pleasant aromatic odor, occurring especially in coniferous plants and represented by oil of turpentine, but including also certain hydrocarbons found in some essential oils.

Terpentic

Ter*pen"tic (?), a. (Chem.) Terpenylic.

Terpenylic

Ter`pe*nyl"ic (?), a. [Terpene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4 (called also terpentic acid), homologous with terebic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by the oxidation of oil of turpentine with chromic acid.

Terpilene

Ter"pi*lene (?), n. (Chem.) A polymeric form of terpene, resembling terbene.

Terpin

Ter"pin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance regarded as a hydrate of oil of turpentine.

Terpinol

Ter"pin*ol (?), n. [Terpin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Any oil substance having a hyacinthine odor, obtained by the action of acids on terpin, and regarded as a related hydrate.

Terpsichore

Terp*sich"o*re (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The Muse who presided over the choral song and the dance, especially the latter.

Terpsichorean

Terp`sich*o*re"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Terpsichore; of or pertaining to dancing.

Terra

Ter"ra (?), n. [It. & L. See Terrace.] The earth; earth. Terra alba [L., white earth] (Com.), a white amorphous earthy substance consisting of burnt gypsum, aluminium silicate (kaolin), or some similar ingredient, as magnesia. It is sometimes used to adulterate certain foods, spices, candies, paints, etc. -- Terra cotta. [It., fr. terra earth + cotta, fem. of cotto cooked, L. coctus, p.p. of coquere to cook. See Cook, n.] Baked clay; a kind of hard pottery used for statues, architectural decorations, figures, vases, and the like. -- Terr\'91 filius [L., son of the earth], formerly, one appointed to write a satirical Latin poem at the public acts in the University of Oxford; -- not unlike the prevaricator at Cambridge, England. -- Terra firma [L.], firm or solid earth, as opposed to water. -- Terra Japonica. [NL.] Same as Gambier. It was formerly supposed to be a kind of earth from Japan. -- Terra Lemnia [L., Lemnian earth], Lemnian earth. See under Lemnian. -- Terra ponderosa [L., ponderous earth] (Min.), barite, or heavy spar. -- Terra di Sienna. See Sienna.

Terrace

Ter"race (?), n. [F. terrasse (cf. Sp. terraza, It. terrazza), fr. L. terra the earth, probably for tersa, originally meaning, dry land, and akin to torrere to parch, E. torrid, and thirst. See Thirst, and cf. Fumitory, Inter, v., Patterre, Terrier, Trass, Tureen, Turmeric.]

1. A raised level space, shelf, or platform of earth, supported on one or more sides by a wall, a bank of tuft, or the like, whether designed for use or pleasure.

2. A balcony, especially a large and uncovered one.

3. A flat roof to a house; as, the buildings of the Oriental nations are covered with terraces.

4. A street, or a row of houses, on a bank or the side of a hill; hence, any street, or row of houses.

5. (Geol.) A level plain, usually with a steep front, bordering a river, a lake, or sometimes the sea. &hand; Many rivers are bordered by a series of terraces at different levels, indicating the flood plains at successive periods in their history.

Terrace epoch. (Geol.) See Drift epoch, under Drift, a.

Terrace

Ter"race, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terraced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terracing (?).] To form into a terrace or terraces; to furnish with a terrace or terraces, as, to terrace a garden, or a building. Sir H. Wotton.
Clermont's terraced height, and Esher's groves. Thomson.

Terraculture

Ter"ra*cul`ture (?), n. [L. terra the earth + cultura.] Cultivation on the earth; agriculture. [R.] -- Ter`ra*cul"tur*al (#), a. [R.]

Terrane

Ter"rane (?), n. [F. terrain, from L. terra earth.] (Geol.) A group of rocks having a common age or origin; -- nearly equivalent to formation, but used somewhat less comprehensively.

Terrapin

Ter"ra*pin (?), n. [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of tortoises living in fresh and brackish waters. Many of them are valued for food. [Written also terapin, terrapen, terrapene, and turapen.] <-- acebra? print unclear?? --> &hand; The yellow-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys acebra) of the Southern United States, the red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa), native of the tributaries Chesapeake Bay (called also potter, slider, and redfender), and the diamond-back or salt-marsh terrapin (Malaclemmys palustris), are the most important American species. The diamond-back terrapin is native of nearly the whole of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Alligator terrapin, the snapping turtle. -- Mud terrapin, any one of numerous species of American tortoises of the genus Cinosternon. -- Painted terrapin, the painted turtle. See under Painted. -- Speckled terrapin, a small fresh-water American terrapin (Chelopus guttatus) having the carapace black with round yellow spots; -- called also spotted turtle.

Terraqueous

Ter*ra"que*ous (?), a. [L. terra the earth + E. aqueous.] Consisting of land and water; as, the earth is a terraqueous globe. Cudworth.
The grand terraqueous spectacle From center to circumference unveiled. Wordsworth.

Terrar

Ter"rar (?), n. [LL. terrarius liber. See Terrier a collection of acknowledgments.] (O. Eng. Law) See 2d Terrier, 2.

Terras

Ter"ras (?), n. (Min.) See .

Terreen

Ter*reen" (?), n. See Turren.

Terreity

Ter*re"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being earthy; earthiness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Terrel

Ter"rel (?), n. [NL. terrella, from L. terra the earth.] A spherical magnet so placed that its poles, equator, etc., correspond to those of the earth. [Obs.] Chambers.

Terremote

Terre"mote` (?), n. [OF. terremote, terremoete, fr. L. terra the earth + movere, motum, to move.] An earthquake. [Obs.] Gower.

Terrene

Ter*rene" (?), n. A tureen. [Obs.] Walpole.

Terrene

Ter*rene", a. [L. terrenus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.]

1. Of or pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, terrene substance. Holland.

2. Earthy; terrestrial.

God set before him a mortal and immortal life, a nature celestial and terrene. Sir W. Raleigh.
Be true and faithful to the king and his heirs, and truth and faith to bear of life and limb, and terrene honor. O. Eng. Oath of Allegiance, quoted by Blackstone.
Common conceptions of the matters which lie at the basis of our terrene experience. Hickok.

Terrene

Ter*rene", n. [L. terrenum land, ground: cf. F. terrain.]

1. The earth's surface; the earth. [Poetic]

Tenfold the length of this terrene. Milton.

2. (Surv.) The surface of the ground.

Terrenity

Ter*ren"i*ty (?), n. Earthiness; worldliness. [Obs.] "A dull and low terrenity." Feltham.

Terreous

Ter"re*ous (?), a. [L. terreus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.] Consisting of earth; earthy; as, terreous substances; terreous particles. [Obs.]

Terreplein

Terre"plein` (?), n. [F., fr. L. terra earth + planus even, level, plain.] (Fort.) The top, platform, or horizontal surface, of a rampart, on which the cannon are placed. See Illust. of Casemate.

Terrestre

Ter*res"tre (?), a. [OE., from OF. & F. terrestre.] Terrestrial; earthly. [Obs.] "His paradise terrestre." Chaucer.

Terrestrial

Ter*res"tri*al (?), a. [L. terrestris, from terra the earth. See Terrace.]

1. Of or pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; earthly; as, terrestrial animals. "Bodies terrestrial." 1 Cor. xv. 40.

2. Representing, or consisting of, the earth; as, a terrestrial globe. "The dark terrestrial ball." Addison.

3. Of or pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary; mundane.

Vain labors of terrestrial wit. Spenser.
A genius bright and base, Of towering talents, and terrestrial aims. Young.

4. Consisting of land, in distinction from water; belonging to, or inhabiting, the land or ground, in distinction from trees, water, or the like; as, terrestrial serpents.

The terrestrial parts of the globe. Woodward.

5. Adapted for the observation of objects on land and on the earth; as, a terrestrial telescope, in distinction from an astronomical telescope. -- Ter*res"tri*al*ly, adv. -- Ter*res"tri*al*ness, n.

Terrestrial

Ter*res"tri*al, n. An inhabitant of the earth.

Terrestrify

Ter*res"tri*fy (?), v. t. [L. terrestris terrestrial + -fy.] To convert or reduce into a condition like that of the earth; to make earthy. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Terrestrious

Ter*res"tri*ous (?), a. [See Terrestrial.] Terrestrial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Terret

Ter"ret (?), n. One of the rings on the top of the saddle of a harness, through which the reins pass.

Terre-tenant

Terre"-ten`ant (?), n. [F. terre earth, land + tenant, p.pr. of tenir to hold.] (Law) One who has the actual possession of land; the occupant. [Written also ter-tenant.]
Page 1489

Terre-verte

Terre"-verte` (?), n. [F., fr. terre earth + vert, verte, green.] An olive-green earth used as a pigment. See Glauconite.

Terrible

Ter"ri*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. terribilis, fr. terrere to frighten. See Terror.]

1. Adapted or likely to excite terror, awe, or dread; dreadful; formidable.

Prudent in peace, and terrible in war. Prior.
Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the Lord thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible. Deut. vii. 21.

2. Excessive; extreme; severe. [Colloq.]

The terrible coldness of the season. Clarendon.
Syn. -- Terrific; fearful; frightful; formidable; dreadful; horrible; shocking; awful. -- Ter"ri*ble*ness, n. -- Ter"ri*bly, adv.

Terricol\'91

Ter*ric"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. terra + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of annelids including the common earthworms and allied species.

Terrienniak

Ter`ri*en"ni*ak (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The arctic fox.

Terrier

Ter"ri*er (?), n. [CF. L. terere to rub, to rub away, terebra a borer.] An auger or borer. [Obs.]

Terrier

Ter"ri*er, n.

1. [F. terrier, chien terrier, from terre the earth, L. terra; cf. F. terrier a burrow, LL. terrarium a hillock (hence the sense, a mound thrown up in making a burrow, a burrow). See Terrace, and cf. Terrier, 2.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a breed of small dogs, which includes several distinct subbreeds, some of which, such as the Skye terrier and Yorkshire terrier, have long hair and drooping ears, while others, at the English and the black-and-tan terriers, have short, close, smooth hair and upright ears. &hand; Most kinds of terriers are noted for their courage, the acuteness of their sense of smell, their propensity to hunt burrowing animals, and their activity in destroying rats, etc. See Fox terrier, under Fox.

2. [F. terrier, papier terrier, LL. terrarius liber, i.e., a book belonging or pertaining to land or landed estates. See Terrier, 1, and cf. Terrar.] (Law) (a) Formerly, a collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, and the like. (b) In modern usage, a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, or the like. [Written also terrar.]

Terrific

Ter*rif"ic (?), a. [L. terrificus; fr. terrere to frighten + facere to make. See Terror, and Fact.] Causing terror; adapted to excite great fear or dread; terrible; as, a terrific form; a terrific sight.

Terrifical

Ter*rif"ic*al (?), a. Terrific. [R.]

Terrifically

Ter*rif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a terrific manner.

Terrify

Ter"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terrifying (?).] [L. terrere to frighten + -fy: cf. F. terrifier, L. terrificare. See Terrific, and -fy.]

1. To make terrible. [Obs.]

If the law, instead of aggravating and terrifying sin, shall give out license, it foils itself. Milton.

2. To alarm or shock with fear; to frighten.

When ye shall hear of wars . . . be not terrified. Luke xxi. 9.

Terrigenous

Ter*rig"e*nous (?), a. [L. terrigena, terrigenus; terra the earth + genere, gignere, to bring forth.] Earthborn; produced by the earth.

Territorial

Ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. territorialis: cf. F. territorial.]

1. Of or pertaining to territory or land; as, territorial limits; territorial jurisdiction.

2. Limited to a certain district; as, right may be personal or territorial.

3. Of or pertaining to all or any of the Territories of the United States, or to any district similarly organized elsewhere; as, Territorial governments.

Territorialize

Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Territorialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Territorializing (?).]

1. To enlarge by extension of territory.

2. To reduce to the condition of a territory.

Territorially

Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In regard to territory; by means of territory.

Territored

Ter"ri*to*red (?), a. Possessed of territory. [R.]

Territory

Ter"ri*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Territories (#). [L. territorium, from terra the earth: cf. F. territoire. See Terrace.]

1. A large extent or tract of land; a region; a country; a district.

He looked, and saw wide territory spread Before him -- towns, and rural works between. Milton.

2. The extent of land belonging to, or under the dominion of, a prince, state, or other form of government; often, a tract of land lying at a distance from the parent country or from the seat of government; as, the territory of a State; the territories of the East India Company.

3. In the United States, a portion of the country not included within the limits of any State, and not yet admitted as a State into the Union, but organized with a separate legislature, under a Territorial governor and other officers appointed by the President and Senate of the United States. In Canada, a similarly organized portion of the country not yet formed into a Province.

Terror

Ter"ror (?), n. [L. terror, akin to terrere to frighten, for tersere; akin to Gr. tras to tremble, to be afraid, Russ. triasti to shake: cf. F. terreur. Cf. Deter.]

1. Extreme fear; fear that agitates body and mind; violent dread; fright.

Terror seized the rebel host. Milton.

2. That which excites dread; a cause of extreme fear.

Those enormous terrors of the Nile. Prior.
Rulers are not a terror to good works. Rom. xiii. 3.
There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats. Shak.
&hand; Terror is used in the formation of compounds which are generally self-explaining: as, terror-fraught, terror-giving, terror-smitten, terror-stricken, terror-struck, and the like. King of terrors, death. Job xviii. 14. -- Reign of Terror. (F. Hist.) See in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Syn. -- Alarm; fright; consternation; dread; dismay. See Alarm.

Terrorism

Ter"ror*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. terrorisme.] The act of terrorizing, or state of being terrorized; a mode of government by terror or intimidation. Jefferson. <-- 2. The practise of coercing governments to accede to political demands by committing violence on civilian targets; any similar use of violence to achieve goals. -->

Terrorist

Ter"ror*ist, n. [F. terroriste.] One who governs by terrorism or intimidation; specifically, an agent or partisan of the revolutionary tribunal during the Reign of Terror in France. Burke. <-- 2. One who commits terrorism{2}. -->

Terrorize

Ter"ror*ize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. terroriser.] To impress with terror; to coerce by intimidation.
Humiliated by the tyranny of foreign despotism, and terrorized by ecclesiastical authority. J. A. Symonds.

Terrorless

Ter"ror*less, a. Free from terror. Poe.

Terry

Ter"ry (?), n. A kind of heavy colored fabric, either all silk, or silk and worsted, or silk and cotton, often called terry velvet, used for upholstery and trimmings.

Tersanctus

Ter*sanc"tus (?), n. [L. ter thrice + sanctus holy.] (Eccl.) An ancient ascription of praise (containing the word "Holy" -- in its Latin form, "Sanctus" -- thrice repeated), used in the Mass of the Roman Catholic Church and before the prayer of consecration in the communion service of the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. Cf. Trisagion.

Terse

Terse (?), a. [Compar. Terser (?); superl. Tersest.] [L. tersus, p.p. of tergere to rub or wipe off.]

1. Appearing as if rubbed or wiped off; rubbed; smooth; polished. [Obs.]

Many stones, . . . although terse and smooth, have not this power attractive. Sir T. Browne.

2. Refined; accomplished; -- said of persons. [R. & Obs.] "Your polite and terse gallants." Massinger.

3. Elegantly concise; free of superfluous words; polished to smoothness; as, terse language; a terse style.

Terse, luminous, and dignified eloquence. Macaulay.
A poet, too, was there, whose verse Was tender, musical, and terse. Longfellow.
Syn. -- Neat; concise; compact. Terse, Concise. Terse was defined by Johnson "cleanly written", i. e., free from blemishes, neat or smooth. Its present sense is "free from excrescences," and hence, compact, with smoothness, grace, or elegance, as in the following lones of Whitehead: -
"In eight terse lines has Ph\'91drus told (So frugal were the bards of old) A tale of goats; and closed with grace, Plan, moral, all, in that short space." It differs from concise in not implying, perhaps, quite as much condensation, but chiefly in the additional idea of "grace or elegance." -- Terse"ly, adv. -- Terse"ness, n.

Tersulphide

Ter*sul"phide (?), n. [Pref. ter- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A trisulphide.

Tersulphuret

Ter*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Pref. ter- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A trisulphide. [R.]

Ter-tenant

Ter"-ten`ant (?), n. See Terre-tenant.

Tertial

Ter"tial (?), a. & n. [From L. tertius third, the tertial feathers being feathers of the third row. See Tierce.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tertiary.

Tertian

Ter"tian (?), a. [L. tertianus, from tertius the third. See Tierce.] (Med.) Occurring every third day; as, a tertian fever.

Tertian

Ter"tian, n. [L. tertiana (sc. febris): cf. OF. tertiane.]

1. (Med.) A disease, especially an intermittent fever, which returns every third day, reckoning inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts one day.

2. A liquid measure formerly used for wine, equal to seventy imperial, or eighty-four wine, gallons, being one third of a tun.

Tertiary

Ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. [L. tertiarius containing a third part, fr. tertius third: cf. F. tertiaire. See Tierce.]

1. Being of the third formation, order, or rank; third; as, a tertiary use of a word. Trench.

2. (Chem.) Possessing some quality in the third degree; having been subjected to the substitution of three atoms or radicals; as, a tertiary alcohol, amine, or salt. Cf. Primary, and Secondary. <-- specifically, an organic compound in which teh carbon atom attached to the eponymic functional group has three carbon atoms attached to it; as, tertiary butyl alcohol, (CH3)3C.OH. -->

3. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Secondary.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Growing on the innermost joint of a bird's wing; tertial; -- said of quills.

Tertiary age. (Geol.) See under Age, 8. -- Tertiary color, a color produced by the mixture of two secondaries. "The so-called tertiary colors are citrine, russet, and olive." Fairholt. -- Tertiary period. (Geol.) (a) The first period of the age of mammals, or of the Cenozoic era. (b) The rock formation of that period; -- called also Tertiary formation. See the Chart of Geology. -- Tertiary syphilis (Med.), the third and last stage of syphilis, in which it invades the bones and internal organs.

Tertiary

Ter"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. Tertiaries (.

1. (R. C. Ch.) A member of the Third Order in any monastic system; as, the Franciscan tertiaries; the Dominican tertiaries; the Carmelite tertiaries. See Third Order, under Third. Addis & Arnold.

2. (Geol.) The Tertiary era, period, or formation.

3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the quill feathers which are borne upon the basal joint of the wing of a bird. See Illust. of Bird.

Tertiate

Ter"ti*ate (?), v. t. [L. tertiatus, p.p. of tertiare to do for the third time, fr. tertius the third.]

1. To do or perform for the third time. [Obs. & R.] Johnson.

2. (Gun.) To examine, as the thickness of the metal at the muzzle of a gun; or, in general, to examine the thickness of, as ordnance, in order to ascertain its strength.

Terutero

Ter`u*ter"o (?), n. [Probably so named from its city.] (Zo\'94l.) The South American lapwing (Vanellus Cayennensis). Its wings are furnished with short spurs. Called also Cayenne lapwing.

Terza rima

Ter"za ri"ma (?). [It., a third or triple rhyme.] A peculiar and complicated system of versification, borrowed by the early Italian poets from the Troubadours.

Terzetto

Ter*zet"to (?), n. [It., dim. of terzo the third, L. tertius. See Tierce.] (Mus.) A composition in three voice parts; a vocal (rarely an instrumental) trio.

Tesselar

Tes"sel*ar (?), a. [L. tessella a small square piece, a little cube, dim. of tessera a square piece of stone, wood, etc., a die.] Formed of tesser\'91, as a mosaic.

Tessellata

Tes`sel*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tessellate.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Crinoidea including numerous fossil species in which the body is covered with tessellated plates.

Tessellate

Tes"sel*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tessellated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tessellating.] [L. tessellatus tessellated. See Tessellar.] To form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered work.
The floors are sometimes of wood, tessellated after the fashion of France. Macaulay.

Tessellate

Tes"sel*late (?), a. [L. tesselatus.] Tessellated.

Tessellated

Tes"sel*la`ted (?), a.

1. Formed of little squares, as mosaic work; checkered; as, a tessellated pavement.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Marked like a checkerboard; as, a tessellated leaf.

Tessellation

Tes`sel*la"tion (?), n. The act of tessellating; also, the mosaic work so formed. J. Forsyth.

Tessera

Tes"se*ra (?), n.; pl. Tesser\'91 (#). [L., a square piece, a die. See Tessellar.] A small piece of marble, glass, earthenware, or the like, having a square, or nearly square, face, used by the ancients for mosaic, as for making pavements, for ornamenting walls, and like purposes; also, a similar piece of ivory, bone, wood, etc., used as a ticket of admission to theaters, or as a certificate for successful gladiators, and as a token for various other purposes. Fairholt.

Tesseraic

Tes`se*ra"ic (?), a. Diversified by squares; done in mosaic; tessellated. [Obs.] Sir R. Atkyns (1712).

Tesseral

Tes"se*ral (?), a.

1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, tesser\'91.

2. (Crystallog.) Isometric.

Tessular

Tes"su*lar (?), a. (Crystallog.) Tesseral.

Test

Test (?), n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. t\'88t, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. Thirst, and Terrace), but cf. Zend tasta cup. Cf. Test a shell, Testaceous, Tester a covering, a coin, Testy, T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te.]

1. (Metal.) A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted for trial and refinement.

Our ingots, tests, and many mo. Chaucer.

2. Examination or trial by the cupel; hence, any critical examination or decisive trial; as, to put a man's assertions to a test. "Bring me to the test." Shak.

3. Means of trial; as, absence is a test of love.

Each test every light her muse will bear. Dryden.

4. That with which anything is compared for proof of its genuineness; a touchstone; a standard.

Life, force, and beauty must to all impart, At once the source, and end, and test of art. Pope.

5. Discriminative characteristic; standard of judgment; ground of admission or exclusion.

Our test excludes your tribe from benefit. Dryden.

6. Judgment; distinction; discrimination.

Who would excel, when few can make a test Betwixt indifferent writing and the best? Dryden.

7. (Chem.) A reaction employed to recognize or distinguish any particular substance or constituent of a compound, as the production of some characteristic precipitate; also, the reagent employed to produce such reaction; thus, the ordinary test for sulphuric acid is the production of a white insoluble precipitate of barium sulphate by means of some soluble barium salt.

Test act (Eng. Law), an act of the English Parliament prescribing a form of oath and declaration against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and military, were formerly obliged to take within six months after their admission to office. They were obliged also to receive the sacrament according to the usage of the Church of England. Blackstone. -- Test object (Optics), an object which tests the power or quality of a microscope or telescope, by requiring a certain degree of excellence in the instrument to determine its existence or its peculiar texture or markings. -- Test paper. (a) (Chem.) Paper prepared for use in testing for certain substances by being saturated with a reagent which changes color in some specific way when acted upon by those substances; thus, litmus paper is turned red by acids, and blue by alkalies, turmeric paper is turned brown by alkalies, etc. (b) (Law) An instrument admitted as a standard or comparison of handwriting in those jurisdictions in which comparison of hands is permitted as a mode of proving handwriting. -- Test tube. (Chem.) (a) A simple tube of thin glass, closed at one end, for heating solutions and for performing ordinary reactions. (b) A graduated tube. Syn. -- Criterion; standard; experience; proof; experiment; trial. -- Test, Trial. Trial is the wider term; test is a searching and decisive trial. It is derived from the Latin testa (earthen pot), which term was early applied to the fining pot, or crucible, in which metals are melted for trial and refinement. Hence the peculiar force of the word, as indicating a trial or criterion of the most decisive kind.
I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commediation. Shak.
Thy virtue, prince, has stood the test of fortune, Like purest gold, that tortured in the furnace, Comes out more bright, and brings forth all its weight. Addison.

Test

Test, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tested; p. pr. & vb. n. Testing.]

1. (Metal.) To refine, as gold or silver, in a test, or cupel; to subject to cupellation.

2. To put to the proof; to prove the truth, genuineness, or quality of by experiment, or by some principle or standard; to try; as, to test the soundness of a principle; to test the validity of an argument.

Experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution. Washington.

3. (Chem.) To examine or try, as by the use of some reagent; as, to test a solution by litmus paper.

Page 1490

Test

Test (?), n. [L. testis. Cf. Testament, Testify.] A witness. [Obs.]
Prelates and great lords of England, who were for the more surety tests of that deed. Ld. Berners.

Test

Test, v. i. [L. testari. See Testament.] To make a testament, or will. [Obs.]

Test, Testa

Test (?), Tes"ta (?), n.; pl. E. Tests (#), L. Test\'91 (#). [L. testa a piece of burned clay, a broken piece of earthenware, a shell. See Test a cupel.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The external hard or firm covering of many invertebrate animals. &hand; The test of crustaceans and insects is composed largely of chitin; in mollusks it is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate, and is called the shell.

2. (Bot.) The outer integument of a seed; the episperm, or spermoderm.

Testable

Test"a*ble (?), a. [See Testament.]

1. Capable of being tested or proved.

2. Capable of being devised, or given by will.

Testacea

Tes*ta"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. testaceum a shelled anumal. See Testaceous.] (Zo\'94l.) Invertebrate animals covered with shells, especially mollusks; shellfish.

Testacean

Tes*ta"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Onr of the Testacea.

Testaceography

Tes*ta`ce*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Testacea + -graphy: cf. F. testac\'82ographie.] The science which treats of testaceans, or shellfish; the description of shellfish. [R.]

Testaceology

Tes*ta`ce*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Testacea + -logy: cf. F. testac\'82ologie.] The science of testaceous mollusks; conchology. [R.]

Testaceous

Tes*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. testaceus, fr. testa a shell. See Testa.]

1. Of or pertaining to shells; consisted of a hard shell, or having a hard shell.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having a dull red brick color or a brownish yellow color.

Testaceous animals (Zo\'94l.), animals having a firm, calcareous shell, as oysters and clams, thus distinguished from crustaceous animals, whose shells are more thin and soft, and consist of several joints, or articulations, as lobsters and crabs.

Testacy

Tes"ta*cy (?), n. [See Testate.] (Law) The state or circumstance of being testate, or of leaving a valid will, or testament, at death.

Testament

Tes"ta*ment (?), n. [F., fr. L. testamentum, fr. testari to be a witness, to make one's last will, akin to testis a witness. Cf. Intestate, Testify.]

1. (Law) A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to disposal of his estate and effects after his death. &hand; This is otherwise called a will, and sometimes a last will and testament. A testament, to be valid, must be made by a person of sound mind; and it must be executed and published in due form of law. A man, in certain cases, may make a valid will by word of mouth only. See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative.

2. One of the two distinct revelations of God's purposes toward man; a covenant; also, one of the two general divisions of the canonical books of the sacred Scriptures, in which the covenants are respectively revealed; as, the Old Testament; the New Testament; -- often limited, in colloquial language, to the latter.

He is the mediator of the new testament . . . for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament. Heb. ix. 15.
Holographic testament, a testament written wholly by the testator himself. Bouvier. <-- also holographic will. "Written" means, in handwriting. -->

Testamental

Tes`ta*men"tal (?), a. [L. testamentalis.] Of or pertaining to a testament; testamentary.
Thy testamental cup I take, And thus remember thee. J. Montgomery.

Testamentary

Tes`ta*men"ta*ry (?), a. [L. testamentarius: cf. F. testamentaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to a will, or testament; as, letters testamentary.

2. Bequeathed by will; given by testament.

How many testamentary charities have been defeated by the negligence or fraud of executors! Atterbury.

3. Done, appointed by, or founded on, a testament, or will; as, a testamentary guardian of a minor, who may be appointed by the will of a father to act in that capacity until the child becomes of age.

Testamentation

Tes`ta*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act or power of giving by testament, or will. [R.] Burke.

Testamentize

Tes"ta*men*tize (?), v. i. To make a will. [Obs.] Fuller.

Testamur

Tes*ta"mur (?), n. [L., we testify, fr. testari to testify.] (Eng. Universities) A certificate of merit or proficiency; -- so called from the Latin words, Ita testamur, with which it commences.

Testate

Tes"tate (?), a. [L. testatus, p.p. of testari. See Testament.] (Law) Having made and left a will; as, a person is said to die testate. Ayliffe.

Testate

Tes"tate, n. (Law) One who leaves a valid will at death; a testate person. [R.]

Testation

Tes*ta"tion (?), n. [L. testatio.] A witnessing or witness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Testator

Tes*ta"tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. testateur.] (Law) A man who makes and leaves a will, or testament, at death.

Testatrix

Tes*ta"trix (?), n. [L.] (Law) A woman who makes and leaves a will at death; a female testator.

Teste

Tes"te (?), n. [So called fr. L. teste, abl. of testis a witness, because this was formerly the initial word in the clause.] (Law) (a) A witness. (b) The witnessing or concluding clause, duty attached; -- said of a writ, deed, or the like. Burrill.

Tester

Tes"ter (?), n. [OE. testere a headpiece, helmet, OF. testiere, F. t\'88ti\'8are a head covering, fr. OF. teste the head, F. t\'88te, fr. L. testa an earthen pot, the skull. See Test a cupel, and cf. Testi\'8are.]

1. A headpiece; a helmet. [Obs.]

The shields bright, testers, and trappures. Chaucer.

2. A flat canopy, as over a pulpit or tomb. Oxf. Gross.

3. A canopy over a bed, supported by the bedposts.

No testers to the bed, and the saddles and portmanteaus heaped on me to keep off the cold. Walpole.

Tester

Tes"ter, n. [For testern, teston, fr. F. teston, fr. OF. teste the head, the head of the king being impressed upon the coin. See Tester a covering, and cf. Testone, Testoon.] An old French silver coin, originally of the value of about eighteen pence, subsequently reduced to ninepence, and later to sixpence, sterling. Hence, in modern English slang, a sixpence; -- often contracted to tizzy. Called also teston. Shak.

Testern

Tes"tern (?), n. A sixpence; a tester. [Obs.]

Testern

Tes"tern, v. t. To present with a tester. [Obs.] Shak.

Testes

Tes"tes (?), n., pl. of Teste, or of Testis.

Testicardines

Tes`ti*car"di*nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Test a shell, and Cardo.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of brachiopods including those which have a calcareous shell furnished with a hinge and hinge teeth. Terebratula and Spirifer are examples.

Testicle

Tes"ti*cle (?), n. [L. testiculus, dim. of testis a testicle, probably the same word as testis a witness, as being a witness to manhood. Cf. Test a witness.] (Anat.) One of the essential male genital glands which secrete the semen.

Testicond

Tes"ti*cond (?), a. [L. testis testis + condere to hide.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the testicles naturally concealed, as in the case of the cetaceans.

Testicular

Tes*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the testicle.

Testiculate

Tes*tic"u*late (?), a. [NL. testiculatus.] (Bot.) (a) Shaped like a testicle, ovate and solid. (b) Having two tubers resembling testicles in form, as some species of orchis.

Testi\'8are

Tes`ti*\'8are" (?), n. [OF. testiere. See Tester a headpiece.] A piece of plate armor for the head of a war horse; a tester.

Testif

Tes"tif (?), a. [See Testy.] Testy; headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.]
Testif they were and lusty for to play. Chaucer.

Testification

Tes`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. testificatio: cf. OF. testification. See Testify.] The act of testifying, or giving testimony or evidence; as, a direct testification of our homage to God. South.

Testificator

Tes"ti*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [NL.] A testifier.

Testifier

Tes"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who testifies; one who gives testimony, or bears witness to prove anything; a witness.

Testify

Tes"ti*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Testified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Testifying (?).] [OF. testifier, L. testificari; testis a witness + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. Attest, Contest, Detest, Protest, Testament.]

1. To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a knowledge of something not known to them.

Jesus . . . needed not that any should testify of man, for he knew what was in man. John ii. 25.

2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration under oath or affirmation, for the purpose of establishing, or making proof of, some fact to a court; to give testimony in a cause depending before a tribunal.

One witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die. Num. xxxv. 30.

3. To declare a charge; to protest; to give information; to bear witness; -- with against.

O Israel, . . . I will testify against thee. Ps. l. 7.
I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. Neh. xiii. 15.

Testify

Tes"ti*fy, v. t.

1. To bear witness to; to support the truth of by testimony; to affirm or declare solemny.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness. John iii. 11.

2. (Law) To affirm or declare under oath or affirmation before a tribunal, in order to prove some fact.

Testify

Tes"ti*fy, adv. In a testy manner; fretfully; peevishly; with petulance.

Testimonial

Tes`ti*mo"ni*al (?), n. [Cf. OF. testimoniale, LL. testimonialis, L. testimoniales (sc. litter\'91). See Testimonial, a.]

1. A writing or certificate which bears testimony in favor of one's character, good conduct, ability, etc., or of the value of a thing.

2. Something, as money or plate, presented to a preson as a token of respect, or of obligation for services rendered.

Testimonial

Tes`ti*mo"ni*al, a. [L. testimonialis: cf. F. testimonial.] Relating to, or containing, testimony.

Testimony

Tes"ti*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Testimonies (#). [L. testimonium, from testis a witness: cf. OF. testimoine, testemoine, testimonie. See Testify.]

1. A solemn declaration or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or proving some fact. &hand; Such declaration, in judicial proceedings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath or affirmation.

2. Affirmation; declaration; as, these doctrines are supported by the uniform testimony of the fathers; the belief of past facts must depend on the evidence of human testimony, or the testimony of historians.

3. Open attestation; profession.

[Thou] for the testimony of truth, hast borne Universal reproach. Milton.

4. Witness; evidence; proof of some fact.

When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Mark vi. 11.

5. (Jewish Antiq.) The two tables of the law.

Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee. Ex. xxv. 16.

6. Hence, the whole divine revelation; the sacre

The testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple. Ps. xix. 7.
Syn. -- Proof; evidence; attestation; witness; affirmation; confirmation; averment. -- Testimony, Proof, Evidence. Proof is the most familiar, and is used more frequently (though not exclusively) of facts and things which occur in the ordinary concerns of life. Evidence is a word of more dignity, and is more generally applied to that which is moral or intellectual; as, the evidences of Christianity, etc. Testimony is what is deposed to by a witness on oath or affirmation. When used figuratively or in a wider sense, the word testimony has still a reference to some living agent as its author, as when we speak of the testimony of conscience, or of doing a thing in testimony of our affection, etc. Testimony refers rather to the thing declared, evidence to its value or effect. "To conform our language more to common use, we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations, proofs, and probabilities; ba proofs, meaning such arguments from experience as leave no room for doubt or opposition." Hume. "The evidence of sense is the first and highest kind of evidence of which human nature is capable." Bp. Wilkins. "The proof of everything must be by the testimony of such as the parties produce." Spenser.

Testimony

Tes"ti*mo*ny (?), v. t. To witness; to attest; to prove by testimony. [Obs.] Shak.

Testiness

Tes"ti*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being testy; fretfulness; petulance.
Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry. Locke.

Testing

Test"ing (?), n.

1. The act of testing or proving; trial; proof.

2. (Metal.) The operation of refining gold or silver in a test, or cupel; cupellation.

Testing machine (Engin.), a machine used in the determination of the strength of materials, as iron, stone, etc., and their behavior under strains of various kinds, as elongation, bending, crushing, etc.

Testis

Tes"tis (?), n.; pl. Testes (#). [L.] (Anat.) A testicle.

Teston

Tes"ton (?), n. A tester; a sixpence. [Obs.]

Testone

Tes*tone" (?), n. [Cf. Pg. test&atil;o, tost&atil;o. See Testoon.] A silver coin of Portugal, worth about sixpence sterling, or about eleven cents. Homans.

Testoon

Tes*toon" (?), n. [It. testone. See Tester a coin.] An Italian silver coin. The testoon of Rome is worth 1s. 3d. sterling, or about thirty cents. Homans.

Testudinal

Tes*tu"di*nal (?), a. [See Testudo.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tortoise.

Testudinarious

Tes*tu`di*na"ri*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the shell of a tortoise; resembling a tortoise shell; having the color or markings of a tortoise shell.

Testudinata

Tes*tu`di*na"ta (?), n. pl. [Nl. See Testudo.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles which includes the turtles and tortoises. The body is covered by a shell consisting of an upper or dorsal shell, called the carapace, and a lower or ventral shell, called the plastron, each of which consists of several plates.

Testudinate, Testudinated

Tes*tu"di*nate (?), Tes*tu"di*na`ted (?), a. [L. testudinatus, fr. testudo, -inis, a tortoise, an arch or vault.] Resembling a tortoise shell in appearance or structure; roofed; arched; vaulted.

Testudineous

Tes`tu*din"e*ous (?), a. [L. testudineus.] Resembling the shell of a tortoise.

Testudo

Tes*tu"do (?), n.; pl. Testudines (#). [L., from testa the shell of shellfish, or of testaceous animals.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of tortoises which formerly included a large number of diverse forms, but is now restricted to certain terrestrial species, such as the European land tortoise (Testudo Gr\'91ca) and the gopher of the Southern United States.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A cover or screen which a body of troops formed with their shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when standing close to each other. This cover resembled the back of a tortoise, and served to shelter the men from darts, stones, and other missiles. A similar defense was sometimes formed of boards, and moved on wheels.

3. (Mus.) A kind of musical instrument. a species of lyre; -- so called in allusion to the lyre of Mercury, fabled to have been made of the shell of a tortoise.

Testy

Tes"ty (?), a. [Compar. Testier (?); superl. Testiest.] [OF. testu obstinate, headstrong, F. t\'88tu, fr. OF. teste the head, F. t\'88te. See Test a cupel.] Fretful; peevish; petulant; easily irritated.
Must I observe you? must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor? Shak.
I was displeased with myself; I was testy. Latimer.

Tetanic

Te*tan"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. tetanicus suffering from tetanus, Gr. t\'82tanique.]

1. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to tetanus; having the character of tetanus; as, a tetanic state; tetanic contraction.

This condition of muscle, this fusion of a number of simple spasms into an apparently smooth, continuous effort, is known as tetanus, or tetanic contraction. Foster.

2. (Physiol. & Med.) Producing, or tending to produce, tetanus, or tonic contraction of the muscles; as, a tetanic remedy. See Tetanic, n.

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Tetanic

Te*tan"ic (?), n. (Physiol. & Med.) A substance (notably nux vomica, strychnine, and brucine) which, either as a remedy or a poison, acts primarily on the spinal cord, and which, when taken in comparatively large quantity, produces tetanic spasms or convulsions.

Tetanin

Tet"a*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous base (ptomaine) formed in meat broth through the agency of a peculiar microbe from the wound of a person who has died of tetanus; -- so called because it produces tetanus as one of its prominent effects. <-- ?? not in Merck -- tetanospasmin? The neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani. -->

Tetanization

Tet`a*ni*za"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The production or condition of tetanus.

Tetanize

Tet"a*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To throw, as a muscle, into a state of permanent contraction; to cause tetanus in. See Tetanus, n., 2.

Tetanoid

Tet"a*noid (?), a. [Tetanus + -oid.] (Med. & Physiol.) Resembling tetanus.

Tetanomotor

Tet`a*no*mo"tor (?), n. (Physiol.) An instrument from tetanizing a muscle by irritating its nerve by successive mechanical shocks.

Tetanus

Tet"a*nus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) A painful and usually fatal disease, resulting generally from a wound, and having as its principal symptom persistent spasm of the voluntary muscles. When the muscles of the lower jaw are affected, it is called locked-jaw, or lickjaw, and it takes various names from the various incurvations of the body resulting from the spasm.<-- caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. -->

2. (Physiol.) That condition of a muscle in which it is in a state of continued vibratory contraction, as when stimulated by a series of induction shocks.

Tetany

Tet"a*ny (?), n. (Med.) A morbid condition resembling tetanus, but distinguished from it by being less severe and having intermittent spasms.

Tetard

Te*tard" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gobioid fish (Eleotris gyrinus) of the Southern United States; -- called also sleeper.

Tetartohedral

Te*tar`to*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. (Crystallog.) Having one fourth the number of planes which are requisite to complete symmetry. -- Te*tar`to*he"dral*ly, adv.

Tetartohedrism

Te*tar`to*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of being tetartohedral.

Tetaug

Te*taug" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Tautog. [R.]

Tetchiness

Tetch"i*ness, n. See Techiness.

Tetchy

Tetch"y (?), a. See Techy. Shak.

T\'88te

T\'88te (?), n. [F., the head. See Tester a covering.] A kind of wig; false hair.

T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te

T\'88te`-\'85-t\'88te" (?), n. [F., head to head. See Tester a covering, Test a cupel.]

1. Private conversation; familiar interview or conference of two persons.

2. A short sofa intended to accomodate two persons.

T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te

T\'88te`-\'85-t\'88te", a. Private; confidential; familiar.
She avoided t\'88te-\'85-t\'88te walks with him. C. Kingsley.

T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te

T\'88te`-\'85-t\'88te", adv. Face to face; privately or confidentially; familiarly. Prior.

T\'88te-de-pont

T\'88te`-de-pont" (?), n.; pl. T\'88tes-de-pont (#). [F., head of a bridge.] (Mil.) A work thrown up at the end of a bridge nearest the enemy, for covering the communications across a river; a bridgehead.

Tetel

Te*tel" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large African antelope (Alcejaphus tora). It has widely divergent, strongly ringed horns.

Tether

Teth"er (?), n. [Formerly tedder, OE. tedir; akin to LG. tider, tier, Icel. tj\'d3, Dan. t\'94ir. \'fb64.] A long rope or chain by which an animal is fastened, as to a stake, so that it can range or feed only within certain limits.

Tether

Teth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tethered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tethering.] To confine, as an animal, with a long rope or chain, as for feeding within certain limits.
And by a slender cord was tethered to a stone. Wordsworth.

Tethydan

Te*thy"dan (?), n. [See Tethys.] (Zo\'94l.) A tunicate.

Tethyodea

Te`thy*o"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Tethys + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Tunicata including the common attached ascidians, both simple and compound. Called also Tethioidea.

Tethys

Te"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of a large naked mollusks having a very large, broad, fringed cephalic disk, and branched dorsal gills. Some of the species become a foot long and are brilliantly colored.

Tetra-

Tet"ra- (?). [Gr. Four.]

1. A combining form or prefix signifying four, as in tetrabasic, tetrapetalous.

2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting four proportional or combining parts of the substance or ingredient denoted by the term to which it is prefixed, as in tetra-chloride, tetroxide.

Tetrabasic

Tet`ra*bas"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monacid base; having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by bases; quadribasic; -- said of certain acids; thus, normal silicic acid, Si(OH)4, is a tetrabasic acid.

Tetraboric

Tet`ra*bor"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + boric.] (Chem.) Same as Pyroboric.

Tetrabranchiata

Tet`ra*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Cephalopoda having four gills. Among living species it includes only the pearly nautilus. Numerous genera and species are found in the fossil state, such as Ammonites, Baculites, Orthoceras, etc.

Tetrabranchiate

Tet`ra*bran`chi*ate (?), a. [Tetra + branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Tetrabranchiata. -- n. One of the Tetrabranchiata.

Tetracarpel

Tet`ra*car"pel (?), a. [Tetra- + carpellary.] (Bot.) Composed of four carpels.

Tetrachord

Tet"ra*chord (?), n. [L. tetrachordon, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82trachorde.] (Anc. Mus.) A scale series of four sounds, of which the extremes, or first and last, constituted a fourth. These extremes were immutable; the two middle sounds were changeable.

Tetrachotomous

Tet`ra*chot"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having a division by fours; separated into four parts or series, or into series of fours.

Tetracid

Tet*rac"id (?), a. [Tetra + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monobasic acid; having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement ba acids or acid atoms; -- said of certain bases; thus, erythrine, C4H6(OH)4, is a tetracid alcohol.

Tetracoccous

Tet`ra*coc"cous (?), a. [See Tetra-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) Having four cocci, or carpels.

Tetracolon

Tet`ra*co"lon (?), n. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Pros.) A stanza or division in lyric poetry, consisting of four verses or lines. Crabb.

Tetracoralla

Te`tra*co*ral"la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Corallum.] (Paleon.) Same as Rugosa.

Tetractinellid

Te*trac`ti*nel"lid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of sponge of the division Tetractinellida. Also used adjectively.

Tetractinellida

Te*trac`ti*nel"li*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Spongi\'91 in which the spicules are siliceous and have four branches diverging at right angles. Called also Tetractinellin\'91.

Tetrad

Tet"rad (?), n. [L. tetras, -adis, Gr. t\'82trade.]

1. The number four; a collection of four things; a quaternion.

2. (Chem.) A tetravalent or quadrivalent atom or radical; as, carbon is a tetrad.

Tetradactyl, Tetradactyle

Tet`ra*dac"tyl, Tet`ra*dac"tyle (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82tradactyle.] (Zo\'94l.) Tetradactylous.

Tetradactylous

Tet`ra*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zo\'94l.) Having, or characterized by, four digits to the foot or hand.

Tetradecane

Tet`ra*dec"ane (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Chem.) A light oily hydrocarbon, C14H30, of the marsh-gas series; -- so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule.

Tetradecapoda

Tet`ra*de*cap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Decapoda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Arthrostraca.

Tetradic

Tet*rad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a tetrad; possessing or having the characteristics of a tetrad; as, a carbon is a tetradic element.

Tetradite

Tet"ra*dite (?), n. [See Tetrad.] A person in some way remarkable with regard to the number four, as one born on the fourth day of the month, or one who reverenced four persons in the Godhead. Smart.

Tetradon

Tet"ra*don (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Tetrodon.

Tetradont

Tet"ra*dont (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) See Tetrodont.

Tetradrachm, Tetradrachma

Tet"ra*drachm (?), Tet`ra*drach"ma (?), n. [NL. tetradrachma, fr. Gr. Tetra-) + A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, of the value of four drachms. The Attic tetradrachm was equal to 3s. 3d. sterling, or about 76 cents.

Tetradymite

Tet*rad"y*mite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A telluride of bismuth. It is of a pale steel-gray color and metallic luster, and usually occurs in foliated masses. Calles also telluric bismuth.

Tetradynamia

Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having six stamens, four of which are longer than the others.

Tetradynamian

Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the order Tetradynamia.

Tetradynamian, Tetradynamous

Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an (?), Tet`ra*dyn"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the order Tetradynamia; having six stamens, four of which are uniformly longer than the others.

Tetragon

Tet"ra*gon (?), n. [L. tetragonum, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82tragone.]

1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four sides and angles; a quadrangle, as a square, a rhombus, etc.

2. (Astrol.) An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are distant from each other ninety degrees, or the fourth of a circle. Hutton.

Tetragonal

Te*trag"o*nal (?), a.

1. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a tetragon; having four angles or sides; thus, the square, the parallelogram, the rhombus, and the trapezium are tetragonal fingers.

2. (Bot.) Having four prominent longitudinal angles.

3. (Crystallog.) Designating, or belonging to, a certain system of crystallization; dimetric. See Tetragonal system, under Crystallization.

Tetragrammaton

Tet`ra*gram"ma*ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + The mystic number four, which was often symbolized to represent the Deity, whose name was expressed by four letters among some ancient nations; as, the Hebrew JeHoVaH, Greek qeo`s, Latin deus, etc.

Tetragynia

Tet`ra*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. te`tra- (see Tetra-) + gynh` a woman, female.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having four styles.

Tetragynian, Tetragynous

Tet`ra*gyn"i*an (?), Te*trag"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the order Tetragynia; having four styles.

Tetrahedral

Tet`ra*he"dral (?), a. [See Tetrahedron.]

1. Having, or composed of, four sides.

2. (Crystallog.) (a) Having the form of the regular tetrahedron. (b) Pertaining or related to a tetrahedron, or to the system of hemihedral forms to which the tetrahedron belongs.

Tetrahedral angle (Geom.), a solid angle bounded or inclosed by four plane angles.

Tetrahedrally

Tet`ra*he"dral*ly, adv. In a tetrahedral manner.

Tetrahedrite

Tet`ra*he"drite (?), n. [So called because the crystals of the species are commonly tetrahedrons.] (Min.) A sulphide of antimony and copper, with small quantities of other metals. It is a very common ore of copper, and some varieties yield a considerable presentage of silver. Called also gray copper ore, fahlore, and panabase.

Tetrahedron

Tet`ra*he"dron (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Geom.) A solid figure inclosed or bounded by four triangles. &hand; In crystallography, the regular tetrahedron is regarded as the hemihedral form of the regular octahedron. Regular tetrahedron (Geom.), a solid bounded by four equal equilateral triangles; one of the five regular solids.

Tetrahexahedral

Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dral (?), a. (Crystallog.) Pertaining to a tetrahexahedron.

Tetrahexahedron

Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dron (?), n. [Tetra- + hexahedron.] (Crystallog.) A solid in the isometric system, bounded by twenty-four equal triangular faces, four corresponding to each face of the cube.

Tetrakishexahedron

Tet`ra*kis*hex`a*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. hexahedron.] (Crystallog.) A tetrahexahedron.

Tetrakosane

Tet"ra*ko*sane` (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C24H50, resembling paraffin, and like it belonging to the marsh-gas series; -- so called from having twenty-four atoms of carbon in the molecule.

Tetralogy

Te*tral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82tralogie.] (Gr. Drama) A group or series of four dramatic pieces, three tragedies and one satyric, or comic, piece (or sometimes four tragedies), represented consequently on the Attic stage at the Dionysiac festival. &hand; A group or series of three tragedies, exhibited together without a fourth piese, was called a trilogy.

Tetramera

Te*tram"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetramerous.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Coleoptera having, apparently, only four tarsal joints, one joint being rudimentary.

Tetramerous

Te*tram"er*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr.

1. (Bot.) Having the parts arranged in sets of four; as, a tetramerous flower.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having four joints in each of the tarsi; -- said of certain insects.

Tetrameter

Te*tram"e*ter (?), n. [L. tetrametrus, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82tram\'8atre.] (GR. & Latin Pros.) A verse or line consisting of four measures, that is, in iambic, trochaic, and anapestic verse, of eight feet; in other kinds of verse, of four feet.

Tetramethylene

Tet`ra*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Tetra- + methylene.] (Chem.) (a) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H8, analogous to trimethylene, and regarded as the base of well-known series or derivatives. (b) Sometimes, an isomeric radical used to designate certain compounds which are really related to butylene.

Tetramorph

Tet"ra*morph (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Christian Art) The union of the four attributes of the Evangelists in one figure, which is represented as winged, and standing on winged fiery wheels, the wings being covered with eyes. The representations of it are evidently suggested by the vision of Ezekiel (ch. i.)

Tetrandria

Te*tran"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. Tetra-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having four stamens.

Tetrandrian, Tetrandrous

Te*tran"dri*an (?), Te*tran"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Tetrandria.
Page 1492

Tetraonid

Te*tra"o*nid (?), n. [L. tetrao a heath cock, grouse, Gr. t\'82traonide.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird belonging to the tribe of which the genus Tetrao is the type, as the grouse, partridge, quail, and the like. Used also adjectively.

Tetrapetalous

Tet`ra*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + petal.] (Bot.) Containing four distinct petals, or flower leaves; as, a tetrapetalous corolla.

Tetrapharmacom, Tetrapharmacum

Tet`ra*phar"ma*com (?), Tet`ra*phar"ma*cum (?), n. [NL. tetrapharmacon, L. tetrapharmacum, Gr. Tetra-) + (Med.) A combination of wax, resin, lard, and pitch, composing an ointment. Brande & C.

Tetraphenol

Tet`ra*phe"nol (?), n. [Tetra- + phenol.] (Chem.) Furfuran. [Obs.]

Tetraphyllous

Te*traph"yl*lous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. (Bot.)Having four leaves; consisting of four distinct leaves or leaflets.

Tetrapla

Tet"ra*pla (?), n.; etymologically pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr. Gr. tetraplo`os, tetraploy^s, fourfold.] A Bible consisting of four different Greek versions arranged in four columns by Origen; hence, any version in four languages or four columns.

Tetraneumona

Tet`ra*neu"mo*na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Pneumo-.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnida including those spiders which have four lungs, or pulmonary sacs. It includes the bird spiders (Mygale) and the trapdoor spiders. See Mygale.

Tetrapnuemonian

Tet`rap*nue*mo"ni*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tetrapneumona.

Tetrapod

Tet"ra*pod (?), n. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zo\'94l.) An insect characterized by having but four perfect legs, as certain of the butterflies.

Tetrapody

Te*trap"o*dy (?), n. [Gr. A set of four feet; a measure or distance of four feet.

Tetrapteran

Te*trap"ter*an (?), n. [See Tetrapterous.] (Zo\'94l.) An insect having four wings.

Tetrapterous

Te*trap"ter*ous (?), a. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zo\'94l.) Having four wings.

Tetraptote

Tet"rap*tote (?), n. [L. tetraptotum, Gr. (Gram.) A noun that has four cases only. Andrews.

Tetrarch

Te"trarch (?), n. [L. tetrarches, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82trarque. See Arch, a.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province; hence, any subordinate or dependent prince; also, a petty king or sovereign.

Tetrarch

Te"trarch, a. Four. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tetrarchate

Te*trarch"ate (?), n. [Cf. F. t\'82trarchat.] (Rom. Antiq.) A tetrarchy.

Tetrarchical

Te*trarch"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a tetrarch or tetrarchy. Bolingbroke.

Tetrarchy

Tet"rarch*y (?), n.; pl. Tetrarchies (#). [L. tetrarchia, Gr. t\'82trarchie.] (Rom. Antiq.) The district under a Roman tetrarch; the office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch; a tetrarchate.

Tetraschistic

Tet`ra*schis"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Characterized by division into four parts.

Tetrasepalous

Tet`ra*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having four sepals.

Tetraspaston

Tet`ra*spas"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + (Mach.) A machine in which four pulleys act together. Brande & C.

Tetraspermous

Tet`ra*sper"mous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. (Bot.) Having four seeds. Tetraspermous plant, a plant which produces four seeds in each flower.

Tetraspore

Tet"ra*spore (?), n. [Tetra- + spore.] (Bot.) A nonsexual spore, one of a group of four regularly occurring in red seaweeds. -- Tet`ra*spor"ic (#), a.

Tetrastich

Te*tras"tich (?), n. [L. tetrastichon, Gr. Tetra-) + A stanza, epigram, or poem, consisting of four verses or lines. Pope.

Tetrastyle

Tet"ra*style (?), a. [L. tetrastylon, Gr. Tetra-) + (Arch.) Having four columns in front; -- said of a temple, portico, or colonnade. -- n. A tetrastyle building.

Tetrasyllabic, Tetrasyllabical

Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic (?), Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82trasyllabique.] Consisting of, or having, four syllables; quadrisyllabic.

Terrasyllable

Ter"ra*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Tetra- + syllable: cf. Gr. A word consisting of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.

Tetrathecal

Tet`ra*the"cal (?), a. [Tetra- + thecal.] (Bot.) Having four loculaments, or thec\'91.

Tetrathionate

Tet`ra*thi"on*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tetrathionic acid.

Tetrathionic

Tet`ra*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + thionic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a thionic derivative, H

Tetratomic

Tet`ra*tom"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Consisting of four atoms; having four atoms in the molecule, as phosphorus and arsenic. (b) Having a valence of four; quadrivalent; tetravalent; sometimes, in a specific sense, having four hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic.

Tetravalence

Te*trav"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being tetravalent; quadrivalence.

Tetravalent

Te*trav"a*lent (?), a. [Tetra- + L. valens, -entis, p.pr.] (Chem.) Having a valence of four; tetratomic; quadrivalent.

Tetraxile

Te*trax"ile (?), a. [Tetra- + axile.] (Zo\'94l.) Having four branches diverging at right angles; -- said of certain spicules of sponges.

Tetrazo-

Tet*raz"o- (?), a. [Tetra- + azo\'cf.] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating any one of a series of double derivatives of the azo and diazo compounds containing four atoms of nitrogen.

Tetrazone

Tet"ra*zone (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a certain series of basic compounds containing a chain of four nitrogen atoms; for example, ethyl tetrazone, (C2H5)2N.N2.N(C2H5)2, a colorless liquid having an odor of leeks.

Tetric, Tetrical

Tet"ric (?), Tet"ri*cal (?), a. [L. tetricus, taetricus, from teter, taeter, offensive, foul.] Forward; perverse; harsh; sour; rugged. [Obs.] -- Tet"ric*al*ness, n.

Tetricity

Te*tric"i*ty (?), n. [L. tetricitas, taetricitas.] Crabbedness; perverseness. [Obs.]

Tetricous

Tet"ric*ous (?), a. Tetric. [Obs.]

Tetrinic

Te*trin"ic (?), a. [See Tetra-.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex ketonic acid, C5H6O3, obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- so called because once supposed to contain a peculiar radical of four carbon atoms. Called also acetyl-acrylic acid.

Tetrodon

Tet"ro*don (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of plectognath fishes belonging to Tetrodon and allied genera. Each jaw is furnished with two large, thick, beaklike, bony teeth. [Written also tetradon.] &hand; The skin is usually spinous, and the belly is capable of being greatly distended by air or water. It includes the swellfish, puffer (a), and similar species.

Tetrodont

Tet"ro*dont (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tetrodons. -- n. A tetrodon. [Written also tetradont, and tetraodont.]

Tetrol

Tet"rol (?), n. [Tetra- + benzol.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H4, analogous to benzene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule. Tetrol phenol, furfuran. [Obs.]

Tetrolic

Tet*rol"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C3H3.CO2H, of the acetylene series, homologous with propiolic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Tetroxide

Tet*rox"ide (?), n. [Tetra\'cf + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide having four atoms of oxygen in the molecule; a quadroxide; as, osmium tetroxide, OsO.

Tetryl

Tet"ryl (?), n. [Tetra\'cf + -yl.] (Chem.) Butyl; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.

Tetrylene

Tet"ryl*ene (?), n. [Tetra\'cf + ethylene.] (Chem.) Butylene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.

Tetter

Tet"ter (?), n. [OE. teter, AS. teter, tetr; akin to G. zitter, zittermal, OHG. zittaroch, Skr. dadru, dadruka, a sort of skin disease. \'fb63, 240.] (Med.) A vesicular disease of the skin; herpes. See Herpes. Honeycomb tetter (Med.), favus. -- Moist tetter (Med.), eczema. -- Scaly tetter (Med.), psoriasis. Tetter berry (Bot.), the white bryony.

Tetter

Tet"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tettered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tettering.] To affect with tetter. Shak.

Tetterous

Tet"ter*ous (?), a. Having the character of, or pertaining to, tetter.

Tetter-totter

Tet"ter-tot`ter (?), n. [See Teeter.] A certain game of children; seesaw; -- called also titter-totter, and titter-cum-totter.

Tetterwort

Tet"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant used as a remedy for tetter, -- in England the calendine, in America the bloodroot.

Tettigonian

Tet`ti*go"ni*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Hemiptera belonging to Tettigonia and allied genera; a leaf hopper.

Tettish

Tet"tish (?), a. [Cf. Testy.] Captious; testy. [Written also teatish.] [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Tettix

Tet"tix (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) The cicada. [Obs. or R.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small grasshoppers.

Tetty

Tet"ty (?), a. Testy; irritable. [Obs.] Burton.

Teufit

Teu"fit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing; -- called also teuchit. [Prov. Eng.]

Teuk

Teuk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The redshank. [Prov. Eng.]

Teuton

Teu"ton (?), n.; pl. E. Teutons (#), L. Teutones (#). [L. Teutones, Teutoni, the name of a Germanic people, probably akin to E. Dutch. Cf. Dutch.]

1. One of an ancient German tribe; later, a name applied to any member of the Germanic race in Europe; now used to designate a German, Dutchman, Scandinavian, etc., in distinction from a Celt or one of a Latin race.

2. A member of the Teutonic branch of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family.

Teutonic

Teu*ton"ic (?), a. [L. Teutonicus, from Teutoni, or Teutones. See Teuton.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Teutons, esp. the ancient Teutons; Germanic.

2. Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples who speak these languages.

Teutonic languages, a group of languages forming a division of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family, and embracing the High German, Low German, Gothic, and Scandinavian dialects and languages. -- Teutonic order, a military religious order of knights, established toward the close of the twelfth century, in imitation of the Templars and Hospitalers, and composed chiefly of Teutons, or Germans. The order rapidly increased in numbers and strength till it became master of all Prussia, Livonia, and Pomerania. In its decay it was abolished by Napoleon; but it has been revived as an honorary order.

Teutonic

Teu*ton"ic (?), n. The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.

Teutonicism

Teu*ton"i*cism (?), n. A mode of speech peculiar to the Teutons; a Teutonic idiom, phrase, or expression; a Teutonic mode or custom; a Germanism.

Tew

Tew (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tewing.] [OE. tewen, tawen. \'fb64. See Taw, v.]

1. To prepare by beating or working, as leather or hemp; to taw.

2. Hence, to beat; to scourge; also, to pull about; to maul; to tease; to vex. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Tew

Tew, v. i. To work hard; to strive; to fuse. [Local]

Tew

Tew, v. t. [Cf. Taw to tow, Tow, v. t.] To tow along, as a vessel. [Obs.] Drayton.

Tew

Tew, n. A rope or chain for towing a boat; also, a cord; a string. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Tewan

Te"wan (?), n. (Ethnol.) A tribe of American Indians including many of the Pueblos of New Mexico and adjacent regions.

Tewed

Tewed (?), a. Fatigued; worn with labor or hardship. [Obs. or Local] Mir. for Mag.

Tewel

Tew"el (?), n. [OE. tuel, OF. tuiel, tuel, F. tuyau; of Teutonic origin; cf. Dan. tud, D. tuit, Prov. G. zaute. Cf. Tuy\'8are.]

1. A pipe, funnel, or chimney, as for smoke. Chaucer.

2. The tuy\'8are of a furnace.

Tewhit

Te"whit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing; -- called also teewheep. [Prov. Eng.]

Tewtaw

Tew"taw (?), v. t. [See Tew, v. t.] To beat; to break, as flax or hemp. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Texas

Tex"as (?), n. A structure on the hurricane deck of a steamer, containing the pilot house, officers' cabins, etc. [Western U.S.] Knight.

Text

Text (?), n. [F. texte, L. textus, texture, structure, context, fr. texere, textum, to weave, construct, compose; cf. Gr. taksh to cut, carve, make. Cf. Context, Mantle, n., Pretext, Tissue, Toil a snare.]

1. A discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary. Chaucer.

2. (O. Eng. Law) The four Gospels, by way of distinction or eminence. [R.]

3. A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine.

How oft, when Paul has served us with a text, Has Epictetus, Plato, Tully, preached! Cowper.

4. Hence, anything chosen as the subject of an argument, literary composition, or the like; topic; theme.

5. A style of writing in large characters; text-hand also, a kind of type used in printing; as, German text. <-- 6. That part of a document (printed or electronic) comprising the words, especially the main body of expository words, in contrast to the illustrations, pictures, charts, tables, or other formatted material which contain graphic elements as a major component. 7. Any communication composed of words. 8. A textbook. -->

Text blindness. (Physiol.) See Word blindness, under Word. -- Text letter, a large or capital letter. [Obs.] -- Text pen, a kind of metallic pen used in engrossing, or in writing text-hand.

Text

Text, v. t. To write in large characters, as in text hand. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Text-book

Text"-book` (?), n.

1. A book with wide spaces between the lines, to give room for notes.

2. A volume, as of some classical author, on which a teacher lectures or comments; hence, any manual of instruction; a schoolbook.

Text-hand

Text"-hand` (?), n. A large hand in writing; -- so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in a large hand and the notes in a smaller hand.

Textile

Tex"tile (?), a. [L. textilis, fr. texere to weave: cf. F. textile. See Text.] Pertaining to weaving or to woven fabrics; as, textile arts; woven, capable of being woven; formed by weaving; as, textile fabrics. Textile cone (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful cone shell (Conus textilis) in which the colors are arranged so that they resemble certain kinds of cloth.

Textile

Tex"tile, n. That which is, or may be, woven; a fabric made by weaving. Bacon.

Textman

Text"man (?), n.; pl. Textmen (. One ready in quoting texts. [R.] Bp. Sanderston.

Textorial

Tex*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. textorius, fr. textor a weaver, fr. texere, textum, to weave.] Of or pertaining to weaving. T. Warton.

Textrine

Tex"trine (?), a. [L. textrinus, for textorinus, fr. textor a weaver.] Of or pertaining to weaving, textorial; as, the textrine art. Denham.

Textual

Tex"tu*al (?), a. [OE. textuel, F. textuel.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or contained in, the text; as, textual criticism; a textual reading. Milton.

2. Serving for, or depending on, texts. Bp. Hall.

3. Familiar with texts or authorities so as to cite them accurately. "I am not textuel." Chaucer.

Textualist

Tex"tu*al*ist, n. A textman; a textuary. Lightfoot.

Textually

Tex"tu*al*ly, adv. In a textual manner; in the text or body of a work; in accordance with the text.

Textuarist

Tex"tu*a*rist (?), n. A textuary. [R.]

Textuary

Tex"tu*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. textuaire.]

1. Contained in the text; textual. Sir T. Browne.

2. Serving as a text; authoritative. Glanvill.

Textuary

Tex"tu*a*ry, n. [Cf. F. textuaire.]

1. One who is well versed in the Scriptures; a textman. Bp. Bull.

2. One who adheres strictly or rigidly to the text.

Textuel

Tex"tu*el (?), a. Textual. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Textuist

Tex"tu*ist, n. A textualist; a textman. [Obs.]
The crabbed textualists of his time. Milton.

Textural

Tex"tur*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to texture.

Texture

Tex"ture (?), n. [L. textura, fr. texere, textum, to weave: cf. F. texture. See Text.]

1. The act or art of weaving. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. That which woven; a woven fabric; a web. Milton.

Others, apart far in the grassy dale, Or roughening waste, their humble texture weave. Thomson.

3. The disposition or connection of threads, filaments, or other slender bodies, interwoven; as, the texture of cloth or of a spider's web.

4. The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection with each other, or the manner in which the constituent parts are united; structure; as, the texture of earthy substances or minerals; the texture of a plant or a bone; the texture of paper; a loose or compact texture.

5. (Biol.) A tissue. See Tissue.

Page 1493

Texture

Tex"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Textured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Texturing.] To form a texture of or with; to interweave. [R.]

Textury

Tex"tur*y (?), n. The art or process of weaving; texture. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Teyne

Teyne (?), n. [See Tain.] A thin plate of metal. [Obs.] "A teyne of silver." Chaucer.

Th

Th. In Old English, the article the, when the following word began with a vowel, was often written with elision as if a part of the word. Thus in Chaucer, the forms thabsence, tharray, thegle, thend, thingot, etc., are found for the absence, the array, the eagle, the end, etc.

Thack, Thacker

Thack (?), Thack"er (?). See Thatch, Thatcher. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Thak

Thak (?), v. t. To thwack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thalamencephalon

Thal`a*men*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL. See Thalamus, and Encephalon.] (Anat.) The segment of the brain next in front of the midbrain, including the thalami, pineal gland, and pituitary body; the diencephalon; the interbrain.

Thalamic

Tha*lam"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a thalamus or to thalami.

Thalamifloral, Thalamiflorous

Thal`a*mi*flo"ral (?), Thal`a*mi*flo"rous (?), a. [See Thalamus, and Floral.] (Bot.) Bearing the stamens directly on the receptacle; -- said of a subclass of polypetalous dicotyledonous plants in the system of De Candolle.

Thalamoc\'d2le

Thal"a*mo*c\'d2le` (?), n. [Thalamic + Cg. (Anat.) The cavity or ventricle of the thalamencephalon; the third ventricle.

Thalamophora

Thal`a*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Foraminifera.

Thalamus

Thal"a*mus (?), n.; pl. Thalami (#). [L. thalamus chamber, Gr.

1. (Anat.) A mass of nervous matter on either side of the third ventricle of the brain; -- called also optic thalamus.

2. (Bot.) (a) Same as Thallus. (b) The receptacle of a flower; a torus.

Thalassian

Tha*las"si*an (?), n. [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any sea tortoise.

Thalassic

Tha*las"sic (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the sea; -- sometimes applied to rocks formed from sediments deposited upon the sea bottom.

Thalassinian

Thal`as*sin"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Thalaassinid\'91, a family of burrowing macrurous Crustacea, having a long and soft abdomen.

Thalassography

Thal`as*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] The study or science of the life of marine organisms. Agassiz.

Thaler

Tha"ler (?), n. [G. See Dollar.] A German silver coin worth about three shillings sterling, or about 73 cents.

Thalia

Tha*li"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) (a) That one of the nine Muses who presided over comedy. (b) One of the three Graces. (c) One of the Nereids.

Thaliacea

Tha`li*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Thalia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Tunicata comprising the free-swimming species, such as Salpa and Doliolum.

Thalian

Tha*li"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thalia; hence, of or pertaining to comedy; comic.

Thallate

Thal"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of a hypothetical thallic acid.

Thallene

Thal"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar residues, and remarkable for its intense yellowish green fluorescence.

Thallic

Thal"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing, thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the thallous compounds; as, thallic oxide.

Thalline

Thal"line (?), a. (Bot.) Consisting of a thallus.

Thalline

Thal"line (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An artificial alkaloid of the quinoline series, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C10H13NO, whose salts are valuable as antipyretics; -- so called from the green color produced in its solution by certain oxidizing agents.

Thallious

Thal"li*ous (?), a. (Chem.) See Thallous.

Thallium

Thal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. green line in its spectrum.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the aluminium group found in some minerals, as certain pyrites, and also in the lead-chamber deposit in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. It is isolated as a heavy, soft, bluish white metal, easily oxidized in moist air, but preserved by keeping under water. Symbol Tl. Atomic weight 203.7.

Thallogen

Thal"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) One of a large class or division of the vegetable kingdom, which includes those flowerless plants, such as fungi, alg\'91, and lichens, that consist of a thallus only, composed of cellular tissue, or of a congeries of cells, or even of separate cells, and never show a distinction into root, stem, and leaf.

Thalloid

Thal"loid (?), a. [Thallus + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling, or consisting of, thallus.

Thallophyte

Thal"lo*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Same as Thallogen.

Thallous

Thal"lous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing, thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the thallic compounds. [Written also thallious.]

Thallus

Thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Thalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A solid mass of cellular tissue, consisting of one or more layers, usually in the form of a flat stratum or expansion, but sometimes erect or pendulous, and elongated and branching, and forming the substance of the thallogens.

Thammuz, Tammuz

Tham"muz (?), Tam"muz (?), n. [Heb. thamm\'d4z.]

1. A deity among the ancient Syrians, in honor of whom the Hebrew idolatresses held an annual lamentation. This deity has been conjectured to be the same with the Ph\'d2nician Adon, or Adonis. Milton.

2. The fourth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, -- supposed to correspond nearly with our month of July.

Thamnophile

Tham"no*phile (?), n. [Gr. qa`mnos a bush + fi`los loving.] (Zo\'94l.) A bush shrike.

Thamyn

Tha"myn (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Asiatic deer (Rucervus Eldi) resembling the swamp deer; -- called also Eld's deer.

Than

Than (?), conj. [OE. than, thon, then, thanne, thonne, thenne, than, then, AS. \'ebanne, \'ebonne, \'eb\'91nne; akin to D. dan, OHG. danne, G. dann then, denn than, for, Goth. \'edan then, and to E. the, there, that. See That, and cf. Then.] A particle expressing comparison, used after certain adjectives and adverbs which express comparison or diversity, as more, better, other, otherwise, and the like. It is usually followed by the object compared in the nominative case. Sometimes, however, the object compared is placed in the objective case, and than is then considered by some grammarians as a preposition. Sometimes the object is expressed in a sentence, usually introduced by that; as, I would rather suffer than that you should want.
Behold, a greater than Solomon is here. Matt. xii. 42.
Which when Beelzebub perceived, than whom, Satan except, none higher sat. Milton.
It's wiser being good than bad; It's safer being meek than fierce; It's fitter being sane than mad. R. Browning.

Than

Than, adv. Then. See Then. [Obs.] Gower.
Thanne longen folk to gon on pilgrimages. Chaucer.

Thanage

Than"age (?), n. The district in which a thane anciently had jurisdiction; thanedom.

Thanatoid

Than"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Deathlike; resembling death. Dunglison.

Thanatology

Than`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A description, or the doctrine, of death. Dunglison.

Thanatopsis

Than`a*top"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A view of death; a meditation on the subject of death. Bryant.

Thane

Thane (?), n. [OE. thein, \'edein, AS. \'edegen, \'edegn; akin to OHG. degan a follower, warrior, boy, MHG. degen a hero, G. degen hero, soldier, Icel. \'edegn a thane, a freeman; probably akin to Gr. \'edius servant, AS. \'ede\'a2n, G. dienen to serve.] A dignitary under the Anglo-Saxons and Danes in England. Of these there were two orders, the king's thanes, who attended the kings in their courts and held lands immediately of them, and the ordinary thanes, who were lords of manors and who had particular jurisdiction within their limits. After the Conquest, this title was disused, and baron took its place. &hand; Among the ancient Scots, thane was a title of honor, which seems gradually to have declined in its significance. Jamieson.

Thanedom

Thane"dom (?), n. The property or jurisdiction of a thane; thanage. Sir W. Scott.

Thanehood

Thane"hood (?), n. The character or dignity of a thane; also, thanes, collectively. J. R. Green.

Thaneship

Thane"ship, n. The state or dignity of a thane; thanehood; also, the seignioralty of a thane.

Thank

Thank (?), n.; pl. Thanks (#). [AS. \'edanc, \'edonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. \'ed\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. \'edagks thanks; -- originally, a thought, a thinking. See Think.] A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. "This ceremonial thanks." Massinger.
If ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye? for sinners also do even the same. Luke vi. 33.
What great thank, then, if any man, reputed wise and constant, will neither do, nor permit others under his charge to do, that which he approves not, especially in matter of sin? Milton.
Thanks, thanks to thee, most worthy friend, For the lesson thou hast taught. Longfellow.
His thanks, Her thanks, etc., of his or her own accord; with his or her good will; voluntary. [Obs.]
Full sooth is said that love ne lordship, Will not, his thanks, have no fellowship. Chaucer.
-- In thank, with thanks or thankfulness. [Obs.] -- Thank offering, an offering made as an expression of thanks.

Thank

Thank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thanking.] [AS. \'edancian. See Thank, n.] To express gratitude to (anyone) for a favor; to make acknowledgments to (anyone) for kindness bestowed; -- used also ironically for blame.
"Graunt mercy, lord, that thank I you," quod she. Chaucer.
I thank thee for thine honest care. Shak.
Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss, And thank yourself if aught should fall amiss. Dryden.

Thankful

Thank"ful (?), a. [AS. \'edancfull.]

1. Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy. [R.]

Ladies, look here; this is the thankful glass That mends the looker's eyes; this is the well That washes what it shows. Herbert.

2. Impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to acknowledge it; grateful.

Be thankful unto him, and bless his name. Ps. c. 4.
-- Thank"ful*ly, adv. -- Thank"ful*ness, n.

Thankless

Thank"less, a.

1. Not acknowledging favors; not expressing thankfulness; unthankful; ungrateful.

That she may feel How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child! Shak.

2. Not obtaining or deserving thanks; unacceptable; as, a thankless task.

To shepherd thankless, but by thieves that love the night allowed. Chapman.
-- Thank"less*ly (#), adv. -- Thank"less*ness, n.

Thankly

Thank"ly, adv. Thankfully. [Obs.] Sylvester (Du Bartas).

Thanksgive

Thanks"give (?), v. t. To give or dedicate in token of thanks. [Obs. or R.] Mede.

Thanksgiver

Thanks"giv`er (?), n. One who gives thanks, or acknowledges a kindness. Barrow.

Thanksgiving

Thanks"giv`ing (?), n.

1. The act of rending thanks, or expressing gratitude for favors or mercies.

Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving. 1 Tim. iv. 4.
In the thanksgiving before meat. Shak.
And taught by thee the Church prolongs Her hymns of high thanksgiving still. Keble.

2. A public acknowledgment or celebration of divine goodness; also, a day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties. &hand; In the United States it is now customary for the President by proclamation to appoint annually a day (usually the last Thursday in November) of thanksgiving and praise to God for the mercies of the past year. This is an extension of the custom long prevailing in several States in which an annual Thanksgiving day has been appointed by proclamation of the governor.

Thankworthiness

Thank"wor`thi*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being thankworthy.

Thankworthy

Thank"wor`thy (?), a. Deserving thanks; worthy of gratitude; mreitorious.
For this thankworthy, if a man, for conscience toward God, endure grief, suffering wrongfully. 1 Pet. ii. 19.

Thar

Thar (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A goatlike animal (Capra Jemlaica) native of the Himalayas. It has small, flattened horns, curved directly backward. The hair of the neck, shoulders, and chest of the male is very long, reaching to the knees. Called also serow, and imo. [Written also thaar, and tahr.]

Thar

Thar, v. impersonal, pres. [OE. thar, \'edarf, AS. \'edearf, infin. \'edurfan to need; akin to OHG. durfan, G. d\'81rfen to be allowed, Icel. \'edurfa to need, Goth. \'eda\'a3rban.] It needs; need. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
What thar thee reck or care? Chaucer.

Tharms

Tharms (?), n. pl. [AS. \'edearm a gut; akin to D. & G. darm, Icel. \'edarmr, Sw. & Dan. tarm. \'fb53.] Twisted guts. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ascham.

Tharos

Tha"ros (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small American butterfly (Phycoides tharos) having the upper surface of the wings variegated with orange and black, the outer margins black with small white crescents; -- called also pearl crescent.

That

That (?), pron., a., conj., & adv. [AS. \'eb\'91t, neuter nom. & acc. sing. of the article (originally a demonstrative pronoun). The nom. masc. s\'c7, and the nom. fem. se\'a2 are from a different root. AS. \'eb\'91t is akin to D. dat, G. das, OHG. daz, Sw. & Dan. det, Icel. \'edat (masc. s\'be, fem. s\'d3), Goth. \'edata (masc. sa, fem. s\'d3), Gr. tat (for tad, masc. sas, fem. s\'be); cf. L. istud that. \'fb184. Cf. The, Their, They, Them, This, Than, Since.]

1. As a demonstrative pronoun (pl. Those), that usually points out, or refers to, a person or thing previously mentioned, or supposed to be understood. That, as a demonstrative, may precede the noun to which it refers; as, that which he has said is true; those in the basket are good apples.

The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the most celebrated princes. Gibbon.
&hand; That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and not merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes precedes, the sentence referred to.
That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked. Gen. xviii. 25.
And when Moses heard that, he was content. Lev. x. 20.
I will know your business, Harry, that I will. Shak.
&hand; That is often used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction, and in such cases this, like the Latin hic and French ceci, generally refers to that which is nearer, and that, like Latin ille and French cela, to that which is more remote. When they refer to foreign words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter, and that to the former.
Two principles in human nature reign; Self-love, to urge, and Reason, to restrain; Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call. Pope.
If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that. James iv. 16.

2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun.

It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matt. x. 15.
The woman was made whole from that hour. Matt. ix. 22.
&hand; That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article the, especially in the phrases that one, that other, which were subsequently corrupted into th'tone, th'tother (now written t'other).
Upon a day out riden knightes two . . . That one of them came home, that other not. Chaucer.

3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which, serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural.

He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame. Prov. ix. 7.
A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater probabilities. Bp. Wilkins.
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&hand; If the relative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely that) is employed; as, the king that (or who) rules well is generally popular; Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which, likely to be understood in a co\'94rdinating sense. Bain. That was formerly used for that which, as what is now; but such use is now archaic.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John iii. 11.
That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame]. Chaucer.
That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence which it commences.
The ship that somebody was sailing in. Sir W. Scott.
In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he, his, him, etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom.
I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church That now on Monday last I saw him wirche [work]. Chaucer.
Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which, as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its antecedent.
That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be cut off. Zech. xi. 9.

4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: -- (a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb.

She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy, And childish error, that they are afraid. Shak.
I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing from being highly credible. Bp. Wilkins.
(b) To introduce, a reason or cause; -- equivalent to for that, in that, for the reason that, because.
He does hear me; And that he does, I weep. Shak.
(c) To introduce a purpose; -- usually followed by may, or might, and frequently preceded by so, in order, to the end, etc.
These things I say, that ye might be saved. John v. 34.
To the end that he may prolong his days. Deut. xvii. 20.
(d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; -- usually preceded by so or such, sometimes by that.
The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings. Milton.
He gazed so long That both his eyes were dazzled. Tennyson.
(e) To introduce a clause denoting time; -- equivalent to in which time, at which time, when.
So wept Duessa until eventide, That shining lamps in Jove's high course were lit. Spenser.
Is not this the day That Hermia should give answer of her choice? Shak.
(f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like.
Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I have seen! Shak.
<-- = if only . . . = if -->
O God, that right should thus overcome might! Shak.
&hand; That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to make them emphatic.
To try if that our own be ours or no. Shak.
That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding conjunction on which it depends.
When he had carried Rome and that we looked For no less spoil than glory. Shak.

5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that frightened he could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral use.]<-- = so -->

All that, everything of that kind; all that sort.
With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope.
The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The man's the gowd [gold] for a'that. Burns.
-- For that. See under For, prep. -- In that. See under In, prep.

Thatch

Thatch (?), n. [OE. thak, AS. \'ed\'91c a roof; akin to \'edeccean to cover, D. dak a roof, dekken to cover, G. dach a roof, decken 8cover, Icel. \'edak a roof, Sw. tak, Dan. tag, Lith. st\'d3gas, Ir. teagh a house, Gael. teach, tigh, W. ty, L. tegere to cover, toga a toga, Gr. sthag. Cf. Deck, Integument, Tile, Toga.]

1. Straw, rushes, or the like, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

2. (Bot.) A name in the West Indies for several kinds of palm, the leaves of which are used for thatching.

Thatch sparrow, the house sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

Thatch

Thatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thatching.] [From Thatch, n.: cf. OE. thecchen, AS. to cover.] To cover with, or with a roof of, straw, reeds, or some similar substance; as, to thatch a roof, a stable, or a stack of grain.

Thatcher

Thatch"er (?), n. One who thatches.

Thatching

Thatch"ing, n.

1. The act or art of covering buildings with thatch; so as to keep out rain, snow, etc.

2. The materials used for this purpose; thatch.

Thaught

Thaught (?), n. (Naut.) See Thwart.

Thaumatolatry

Thau`ma*tol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. Worship or undue admiration of wonderful or miraculous things. [R.]
The thaumatolatry by which our theology has been debased for more than a century. Hare.

Thaumatrope

Thau"ma*trope (?), n. [Gr. (Opt.) An optical instrument or toy for showing the presistence of an impression upon the eyes after the luminous object is withdrawn. &hand; It consists of a card having on its opposite faces figures of two different objects, or halves of the same object, as a bird and a cage, which, when the card is whirled rapidlz round a diameter by the strings that hold it, appear to the eye combined in a single picture, as of a bird in its cage.

Thaumaturge

Thau"ma*turge (?), n. [See Thaumaturgus.] A magician; a wonder worker. Lowell.

Thaumaturgic, Thaumaturgical

Thau`ma*tur"gic (?), Thau`ma*tur"gic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to thaumaturgy; magical; wonderful. Burton.

Thaumaturgics

Thau`ma*tur"gics (?), n. Feats of legerdemain, or magical performances.

Thaumaturgist

Thau`ma*tur"gist (?), n. One who deals in wonders, or believes in them; a wonder worker. Carlyle.

Thaumaturgus

Thau`ma*tur"gus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. A miracle worker; -- a title given by the Roman Catholics to some saints.

Thaumaturgy

Thau"ma*tur`gy (?), n. [Gr. The act or art of performing something wonderful; magic; legerdemain. T. Warton.

Thave

Thave (?), n. Same as Theave. [Prov. Eng.]

Thaw

Thaw (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thawing.] [AS. \'ed\'bewian, \'ed\'bewan; akin to D. dovijen, G. tauen, thauen (cf. also verdauen 8digest, OHG. douwen, firdouwen), Icel. \'edeyja, Sw. t\'94a, Dan. t\'94e, and perhaps to Gr.

1. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; -- said of that which is frozen; as, the ice thaws.

2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; -- said in reference to the weather, and used impersonally.

3. Fig.: To grow gentle or genial.

Thaw

Thaw, v. t. To cause (frozen things, as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve.

Thaw

Thaw, n. The melting of ice, snow, or other congealed matter; the resolution of ice, or the like, into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost; also, a warmth of weather sufficient to melt that which is congealed. Dryden.

Thawy

Thaw"y (?), a. Liquefying by heat after having been frozen; thawing; melting.

The

The (?), v. i. See Thee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Milton.

The

The (&th;&emac;, when emphatic or alone; &th;&esl;, obscure before a vowel; &th;e, obscure before a consonant; 37), definite article. [AS. \'ebe, a later form for earlier nom. sing. masc. s\'c7, formed under the influence of the oblique cases. See That, pron.] A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning. &hand; The was originally a demonstrative pronoun, being a weakened form of that. When placed before adjectives and participles, it converts them into abstract nouns; as, the sublime and the beautiful. Burke. The is used regularly before many proper names, as of rivers, oceans, ships, etc.; as, the Nile, the Atlantic, the Great Eastern, the West Indies, The Hague. The with an epithet or ordinal number often follows a proper name; as, Alexander the Great; Napoleon the Third. The may be employed to individualize a particular kind or species; as, the grasshopper shall be a burden. Eccl. xii. 5.

The

The, adv. [AS. \'eb\'c7, \'eb\'df, instrumental case of s\'c7, se\'a2, \'eb\'91t, the definite article. See 2d The.] By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. "Yet not the more cease I." Milton.
So much the rather thou, Celestial Light, Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers Irradiate. Milton.

Thea

The"a (?), n. [NL. See Tea.] (Bot.) A genus of plants found in China and Japan; the tea plant. &hand; It is now commonly referred to the genus camellia.

Theandric

The*an"dric (?), a. [Gr. Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature. Murdock.

Theanthropic, Theanthropical

The`an*throp"ic (?), The`an*throp"ic*al (?), a. Partaking of, or combining, both divinity and humanity. [R.]
The gorgeous and imposing figures of his [Homer's] theanthropic sytem. Gladstone.

Theanthropism

The*an"thro*pism (?), n. [Gr.

1. A state of being God and man. [R.] Coleridge.

2. The ascription of human atributes to the Deity, or to a polytheistic deity; anthropomorphism. Gladstone.

Theanthropist

The*an"thro*pist (?), n. One who advocates, or believes in, theanthropism.

Theanthropy

The*an"thro*py (?), n. Theanthropism.

Thearchic

The*ar"chic (?), a. [Gr. Thearchy.] Divinely sovereign or supreme. [R.]
He [Jesus] is the thearchic Intelligence. Milman.

Thearchy

The"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy: cf. Gr. Government by God; divine sovereignty; theocracy.

Theater, Theatre

The"a*ter, The"a*tre (?), n. [F. th\'82\'83tre, L. theatrum, Gr. dhy\'be to meditate, think. Cf. Theory.]

1. An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered, except the stage, but in modern times roofed.

2. Any room adapted to the exhibition of any performances before an assembly, as public lectures, scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, surgical operations, etc.

3. That which resembles a theater in form, use, or the like; a place rising by steps or gradations, like the seats of a theater. Burns.

Shade above shade, a woody theater Of stateliest view. Milton.

4. A sphere or scheme of operation. [Obs.]

For if a man can be partaker of God's theater, he shall likewise be partaker of God's rest. Bacon.

5. A place or region where great events are enacted; as, the theater of war.

Theatin, Theatine

The"a*tin, The"a*tine (?), n. [F. th\'82atin, It. theatino.] (R. C. Ch.)

1. One of an order of Italian monks, established in 1524, expressly to oppose Reformation, and to raise the tone of piety among Roman Catholics. They hold no property, nor do they beg, but depend on what Providence sends. Their chief employment is preaching and giving religious instruction. &hand; Their name is derived from Theate, or Chieti, a city of Naples, the archbishop of which was a principal founder of the order; but they bore various names; as, Regular Clerks of the Community, Pauline Monks, Apostolic Clerks, and Regular Clerks of the Divine Providence. The order never flourished much out of Italy.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One of an order of nuns founded by Ursula Benincasa, who died in 1618.

Theatral

The"a*tral (?), a. [L. theatralis: cf. F. th\'82atral.] Of or pertaining to a theater; theatrical. [Obs.]

Theatric

The*at"ric (?), a. Theatrical.
Woods over woods in gay, theatric pride. Goldsmith.

Theatrical

The*at"ric*al (?), a. [L. theatricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to a theater, or to the scenic representations; resembling the manner of dramatic performers; histrionic; hence, artificial; as, theatrical performances; theatrical gestures. -- The*at`ri*cal"i*ty (#), n. -- The*at"ric*al*ly (#), adv.
No meretricious aid whatever has been called in -- no trick, no illusion of the eye, nothing theatrical. R. Jefferies.

Theatricals

The*at"ric*als (?), n. pl. Dramatic performances; especially, those produced by amateurs.
Such fashionable cant terms as \'bftheatricals,' and \'bfmusicals,' invented by the flippant Topham, still survive among his confraternity of frivolity. I. Disraeli.

Theave

Theave (?), n. [Cf. W. dafad a sheep, ewe.] A ewe lamb of the first year; also, a sheep three years old. [Written also thave.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Thebaic

The*ba"ic (?), a. [L. thebaicus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Thebes in Egypt; specifically, designating a version of the Bible preserved by the Copts, and esteemed of great value by biblical scholars. This version is also called the Sahidic version.

Thebaid

The"ba*id (?), n. [L. Thebais, -idis.] A Latin epic poem by Statius about Thebes in B\'d2otia.

Thebaine

The*ba"ine (?), n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian opium produced at Thebes.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action resembling that of strychnine.

Theban

The"ban (?), a. [L. Thebanus.] Of or pertaining to Thebes. Theban year (Anc. Chron.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant.

Theban

The"ban, n. A native or inhabitant of Thebes; also, a wise man.
I'll talk a word with this same learned Theban. Shak.

Theca

The"ca (?), n.; pl. Thec\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. Tick a cover.]

1. A sheath; a case; as, the theca, or cell, of an anther; the theca, or spore case, of a fungus; the theca of the spinal cord.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chitinous cup which protects the hydranths of certain hydroids. (b) The more or less cuplike calicle of a coral. (c) The wall forming a calicle of a coral.

Thecal

The"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theca; as, a thecal abscess.

Thecaphore

The"ca*phore (?), n. [Theca + Gr. th\'82caphore.] (Bot.) (a) A surface or organ bearing a theca, or covered with thec\'91. (b) See Basigynium.

Thecasporous

The*cas"po*rous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores in thec\'91, or cases.

Thecata

The*ca"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Thecophora.

Thecla

Thec"la (?), n. Any one of many species of small delicately colored butterflies belonging to Thecla and allied genera; -- called also hairstreak, and elfin.

Thecodactyl

The`co*dac"tyl (?), n. [ (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a group of lizards of the Gecko tribe, having the toes broad, and furnished with a groove in which the claws can be concealed.

Thecodont

The"co*dont (?), a. [Gr.

1. (Anat.) Having the teeth inserted in sockets in the alveoli of the jaws.

2. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the thecodonts.

Thecodont

The"co*dont, n. (Paleon.) One of the Thecodontia.

Thecodontia

The`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of fossil saurians having biconcave vertebr\'91 and the teeth implanted in sockets.

Thecophora

The*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of hydroids comprising those which have the hydranths in thec\'91 and the gonophores in capsules. The campanularians and sertularians are examples. Called also Thecata. See Illust. under Hydroidea.

Thecosomata

The`co*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Theca, and Soma.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Pteropoda comprising those species which have a shell. See Pteropoda. -- The`co*so"ma*tous (#), a.

Thedom

The"dom (?), n. [Thee to prosper + -dom.] Success; fortune; luck; chance. [Obs.]
Evil thedom on his monk's snout. Chaucer.

Thee

Thee (?), v. i. [AS. ; akin to OS. th\'c6han, D. gedijen, G. gedeihen, OHG. gidihan, Goth. , Lith. tekti to fall to the lot of. Cf. Tight, a.] To thrive; to prosper. [Obs.] "He shall never thee." Chaucer.
Well mote thee, as well can wish your thought. Spenser.

Thee

Thee (?), pron. [AS. \'eb\'c7, acc. & dat. of \'eb\'d4 thou. See Thou.] The objective case of thou. See Thou. &hand; Thee is poetically used for thyself, as him for himself, etc.
This sword hath ended him; so shall it thee, Unless thou yield thee as my prisoner. Shak.
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Theft

Theft (?), n. [OE. thefte, AS. \'edi\'82f\'ebe, \'ed\'dff\'ebe, \'ede\'a2f\'ebe. See Thief.]

1. (Law) The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same; larceny. &hand; To constitute theft there must be a taking without the owner's consent, and it must be unlawful or felonious; every part of the property stolen must be removed, however slightly, from its former position; and it must be, at least momentarily, in the complete possession of the thief. See Larceny, and the Note under Robbery.

2. The thing stolen. [R.]

If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, . . . he shall restore double. Ex. xxii. 4.

Theftbote

Theft"bote` (?), n. [Theft + bote compensation.] (Law) The receiving of a man's goods again from a thief, or a compensation for them, by way of composition, with the intent that the thief shall escape punishment.

Thegn

Thegn (?), n. Thane. See Thane. E. A. Freeman.

Thegnhood

Thegn"hood (?), n. Thanehood. E. A. Freeman.

Theiform

The"i*form (?), a. [NL. thea tea, the tea plant + -form: cf. F. th\'82iforme.] Having the form of tea.

Theine

The"ine (?), n. [F. th\'82ine, fr. NL. thea. See Theiform.] (Chem.) See Caffeine. Called also theina.

Their

Their (?), pron. & a. [OE. thair, fr. Icel. \'edeirra, \'edeira, of them, but properly gen. pl. of the definite article; akin to AS. \'eb\'bera, \'eb\'d6ra, gen. pl. of the definite article, or fr. AS. \'eb\'d6ra, influenced by the Scandinavian use. See That.] The possessive case of the personal pronoun they; as, their houses; their country. &hand; The possessive takes the form theirs (theirs is best cultivated.
Nothing but the name of zeal appears 'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs. Denham.

Theism

The"ism (?), n. [From Gr. th\'82isme. Cf. Enthusiasm, Pantheon, Theology.] The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism, pantheism, or polytheism.

Theist

The"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82iste. See Theism.] One who believes in the existence of a God; especially, one who believes in a personal God; -- opposed to atheist.

Theistic, Theistical

The*is"tic (?), The*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to theism, or a theist; according to the doctrine of theists.

Thelphusian

Thel*phu"si*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of fresh-water crabs which live in or on the banks of rivers in tropical countries.

Thelytokous

The*lyt"o*kous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing females only; -- said of certain female insects.

Them

Them (?), pron. [AS. \'eb\'d6m, dat. pl. of the article, but influenced by the Scand. use of the corresponding form \'edeim as a personal pronoun. See They.] The objective case of they. See They.
Go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves. Matt. xxv. 9.
Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father. Matt. xxv. 34.
&hand; Them is poetically used for themselves, as him for himself, etc.
Little stars may hide them when they list. Shak.

Thematic

The*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. th\'82matique.]

1. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the theme of a word. See Theme, n., 4.

2. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to a theme, or subject.

Thematic catalogue (Mus.), a catalogue of musical works which, besides the title and other particulars, gives in notes the theme, or first few measures, of the whole work or of its several movements.

Theme

Theme (?), n. [OE. teme, OF. teme, F. th\'8ame, L. thema, Gr. Do, and cf. Thesis.]

1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks; a proposition for discussion or argument; a text.

My theme is alway one and ever was. Chaucer.
And when a soldier was the theme, my name Was not far off. Shak.

2. Discourse on a certain subject.

Then ran repentance and rehearsed his theme. Piers Plowman.
It was the subject of my theme. Shak.

3. A composition or essay required of a pupil. Locke.

4. (Gram.) A noun or verb, not modified by inflections; also, that part of a noun or verb which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) in declension or conjugation; stem.

5. That by means of which a thing is done; means; instrument. [Obs.] Swift.

6. (Mus.) The leading subject of a composition or a movement.

Themis

The"mis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The goddess of law and order; the patroness of existing rights.

Themselves

Them*selves" (?), pron. The plural of himself, herself, and itself. See Himself, Herself, Itself.

Then

Then (?), adv. [Originally the same word as than. See Than.]

1. At that time (referring to a time specified, either past or future).

And the Canaanite was then in the land. Gen. xii. 6.
Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. 1 Cor. xiii. 12.

2. Soon afterward, or immediately; next; afterward.

First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. Matt. v. 24.

3. At another time; later; again.

One while the master is not aware of what is done, and then in other cases it may fall out to be own act. L'Estrange.
By then. (a) By that time. (b) By the time that. [Obs.]
But that opinion, I trust, by then this following argument hath been well read, will be left for one of the mysteries of an indulgent Antichrist. Milton.
Now and then. See under Now, adv. -- Till then, until that time; until the time mentioned. Milton. &hand; Then is often used elliptically, like an adjective, for then existing; as, the then administration.

Then

Then (?), conj.

1. Than. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. In that case; in consequence; as a consequence; therefore; for this reason.

If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom. Locke.
Now, then, be all thy weighty cares away. Dryden.
Syn. -- Therefore. Then, Therefore. Both these words are used in reasoning; but therefore takes the lead, while then is rather subordinate or incidental. Therefore states reasons and draws inferences in form; then, to a great extent, takes the point as proved, and passes on to the general conclusion. "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God." Rom. v. 1. "So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Rom. x. 17.

Thenadays

Then"a*days (?), adv. At that time; then; in those days; -- correlative to nowadays. [R.]

Thenal, Thenar

The"nal (?), The"nar (?), a. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thenar; corresponding to thenar; palmar.

Thenar

The"nar (?), n. (Anat.) (a) The palm of the hand. (b) The prominence of the palm above the base of the thumb; the thenar eminence; the ball of the thumb. Sometimes applied to the corresponding part of the foot.

Thenardite

The*nard"ite (?), n. [Named after the French chemist, L.J.Th\'82nard.] (Min.) Anhydrous sodium sulphate, a mineral of a white or brown color and vitreous luster.

Thence

Thence (?), adv. [OE. thenne, thanne, and (with the adverbal -s; see -wards) thennes, thannes (hence thens, now written thence), AS. \'ebanon, \'ebanan, \'ebonan; akin to OHG. dannana, dann\'ben, dan\'ben, and G. von dannen, E. that, there. See That.]

1. From that place. "Bid him thence go." Chaucer.

When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Mark vi. 11.
&hand; It is not unusual, though pleonastic, to use from before thence. Cf. Hence, Whence.
Then I will send, and fetch thee from thence. Gen. xxvii. 45.

2. From that time; thenceforth; thereafter.

There shall be no more thence an infant of days. Isa. lxv. 20.

3. For that reason; therefore.

Not to sit idle with so great a gift Useless, and thence ridiculous, about him. Milton.

4. Not there; elsewhere; absent. [Poetic] Shak.

Thenceforth

Thence`forth" (?), adv. From that time; thereafter.
If the salt have lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing. Matt. v. 13.
This word is sometimes preceded by from, -- a redundancy sanctioned by custom. Chaucer. John. xix. 12.

Thenceforward

Thence`for"ward (?), adv. From that time onward; thenceforth.

Thencefrom

Thence`from" (?), adv. From that place. [Obs.]

Theobroma

The`o*bro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. th\'82obrome.] (Bot.) A genus of small trees. See Cacao.

Theobromic

The`o*bro"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from cacao butter (from the Theobroma Cacao), peanut oil (from Arachis hypog\'91a), etc., as a white waxy crystalline substance.

Theobromine

The`o*bro"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloidal ureide, C7H8N4O2, homologous with and resembling caffeine, produced artificially, and also extracted from cacao and chocolate (from Theobroma Cacao) as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also dimethyl xanthine.

Theochristic

The`o*chris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Anointed by God.

Theocracy

The*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. th\'82ocratie. See Theism, and cf. Democracy.]

1. Government of a state by the immediate direction or administration of God; hence, the exercise of political authority by priests as representing the Deity.

2. The state thus governed, as the Hebrew commonwealth before it became a kingdom.

Theocrasy

The*oc"ra*sy (?), n. [Gr.

1. A mixture of the worship of different gods, as of Jehovah and idols.

This syncretistic theocracy by no means excludes in him [Solomon] the proper service of idols. J. Murphy.

2. (Philos.) An intimate union of the soul with God in contemplation, -- an ideal of the Neoplatonists and of some Oriental mystics.

Theocrat

The"o*crat (?), n. One who lives under a theocratic form of government; one who in civil affairs conforms to divine law.

Theocratic, Theocratical

The`o*crat"ic (?), The`o*crat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82ocratique.] Of or pertaining to a theocracy; administred by the immediate direction of God; as, the theocratical state of the Israelites.

Theodicy

The*od"i*cy (?), n. [NL. theodic\'91a, fr. Gr. th\'82odic\'82e.]

1. A vindication of the justice of God in ordaining or permitting natural and moral evil.

2. That department of philosophy which treats of the being, perfections, and government of God, and the immortality of the soul. Krauth-Fleming.

Theodolite

The*od"o*lite (?), n. [Probably a corruption of the alidade. See Alidade.] An instrument used, especially in trigonometrical surveying, for the accurate measurement of horizontal angles, and also usually of vertical angles. It is variously constructed. &hand; The theodolite consists principally of a telescope, with cross wires in the focus of its object glass, clamped in Y's attached to a frame that is mounted so as to turn both on vertical and horizontal axes, the former carrying a vernier plate on a horizontal graduated plate or circle for azimuthal angles, and the latter a vertical graduated arc or semicircle for altitudes. The whole is furnished with levels and adjusting screws and mounted on a tripod.

Theodolitic

The*od`o*lit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theodolite; made by means of a theodolite; as, theodolitic observations.

Theogonic

The`o*gon"ic (?), a. Of or relating to theogony.

Theogonism

The*og"o*nism (?), n. Theogony. [R.]

Theogonist

The*og"o*nist (?), n. A writer on theogony.

Theogony

The*og"o*ny (?), n. [L. theogonia, Gr. Theism, and Genus.] The generation or genealogy of the gods; that branch of heathen theology which deals with the origin and descent of the deities; also, a poem treating of such genealogies; as, the Theogony of Hesiod.

Theologaster

The*ol"o*gas`ter (?), n. [Formed like poetaster: cf. F. th\'82ologastre.] A pretender or quack in theology. [R.] Burton.

Theologer

The*ol"o*ger (?), n. A theologian. Cudworth.

Theologian

The`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82ologien, L. theologus, Gr. Theology.] A person well versed in theology; a professor of theology or divinity; a divine.

Theologic

The`o*log"ic (?), a. Theological.

Theological

The`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. theologicus, Gr. th\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to theology, or the science of God and of divine things; as, a theological treatise. -- The`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Theologics

The`o*log"ics (?), n. Theology. Young.

Theologist

The*ol"o*gist (?), n. A theologian.

Theologize

The*ol"o*gize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Theologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theologizing (?).] [Cf. F. th\'82ologiser.] To render theological; to apply to divinity; to reduce to a system of theology.
School divinity was but Aristotle's philosophy theologized. Glanvill.

Theologize

The*ol"o*gize, v. i. To frame a system of theology; to theorize or speculate upon theological subjects.

Theologizer

The*ol"o*gi`zer (?), n. One who theologizes; a theologian. [R.] Boyle.

Theologue

The"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. L. theologus, Gr. philologue.]

1. A theologian. Dryden.

Ye gentle theologues of calmer kind. Young.
He [Jerome] was the theologue -- and the word is designation enough. I. Taylor.

2. A student in a theological seminary. [Written also theolog.] [Colloq. U.S.]

Theology

The*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Theologies (#). [L. theologia, Gr. th\'82ologie. See Theism, and Logic.] The science of God or of religion; the science which treats of the existence, character, and attributes of God, his laws and government, the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to practice; divinity; (as more commonly understood) "the knowledge derivable from the Scriptures, the systematic exhibition of revealed truth, the science of Christian faith and life."
Many speak of theology as a science of religion [instead of "science of God"] because they disbelieve that there is any knowledge of God to be attained. Prof. R. Flint (Enc. Brit.).
Theology is ordered knowledge; representing in the region of the intellect what religion represents in the heart and life of man. Gladstone.
Ascetic theology, Natural theology. See Ascetic, Natural. -- Moral theology, that phase of theology which is concerned with moral character and conduct. -- Revealed theology, theology which is to be learned only from revelation. -- Scholastic theology, theology as taught by the scholastics, or as prosecuted after their principles and methods. -- Speculative theology, theology as founded upon, or influenced by, speculation or metaphysical philosophy. -- Systematic theology, that branch of theology of which the aim is to reduce all revealed truth to a series of statements that together shall constitute an organized whole. E. G. Robinson (Johnson's Cyc.).

Theomachist

The*om"a*chist (?), n. [Cf. Gr. One who fights against the gods; one who resists God of the divine will.

Theomachy

The*om"a*chy (?), n. [Gr.

1. A fighting against the gods, as the battle of the gaints with the gods.

2. A battle or strife among the gods. Gladstone.

3. Opposition to God or the divine will. Bacon.

Theomancy

The"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. th\'82omancie, Gr. A kind of divination drawn from the responses of oracles among heathen nations.

Theopathetic, Theopathic

The`o*pa*thet"ic (?), The`o*path"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theopathy.

Theopathy

The*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. Capacity for religious affections or worship.

Theophanic

The`o*phan"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theopany; appearing to man, as a god.

Theophany

The*oph"a*ny (?), n.; pl. -nies (#). [Gr. A manifestation of God to man by actual appearance, usually as an incarnation.
Page 1496

Theophilanthropic

The`o*phil`an*throp"ic (?), a. Pertaining to theophilanthropy or the theophilanthropists.

Theophilanthropism

The`o*phi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. The doctrine of the theophilanthropists; theophilanthropy.

Theophilanthropist

The`o*phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82ophilanthrope.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of a deistical society established at Paris during the French revolution.

Theophilanthropy

The`o*phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. philanthropy.] Theophilanthropism. Macaulay.

Theophilosophic

The`o*phil`o*soph"ic (?), a. [Gr. philosophic.] Combining theism and philosophy, or pertaining to the combination of theism and philosophy.

Theopneusted

The`op*neus"ted (?), a. Divinely inspired; theopneustic. [R.]

Theopneustic

The`op*neus"tic (?), a. [Gr. Given by the inspiration of the Spirit of God.

Theopneusty

The"op*neus`ty (?), n. [Gr. Divine inspiration; the supernatural influence of the Divine Spirit in qualifying men to receive and communicate revealed truth.

Theorbist

The*or"bist (?), n. (Mus.) One who plays on a theorbo.

Theorbo

The*or"bo (?), n. [F. th\'82orbe, t\'82orbe, formerly tuorbe, tiorbe, It. tiorba.] (Mus.) An instrument made like large lute, but having two necks, with two sets of pegs, the lower set holding the strings governed by frets, while to the upper set were attached the long bass strings used as open notes. &hand; A larger form of theorbo was also called the archlute, and was used chiefly, if not only, as an accompaniment to the voice. Both have long fallen into disuse.

Theorem

The"o*rem (?), n. [L. theorema, Gr. th\'82or\'8ame. See Theory.]

1. That which is considered and established as a principle; hence, sometimes, a rule.

By the theorems, Which your polite and terser gallants practice, I re-refine the court, and civilize Their barbarous natures. Massinger.

2. (Math.) A statement of a principle to be demonstrated. &hand; A theorem is something to be proved, and is thus distinguished from a problem, which is something to be solved. In analysis, the term is sometimes applied to a rule, especially a rule or statement of relations expressed in a formula or by symbols; as, the binomial theorem; Taylor's theorem. See the Note under Proposition, n., 5.

Not theories, but theorems (Coleridge.
Binomial theorem. (Math.)See under Binomial. -- Negative theorem, a theorem which expresses the impossibility of any assertion. -- Particular theorem(Math.), a theorem which extends only to a particular quantity. -- Theorem of Pappus. (Math.)See Centrobaric method, under Centrobaric. -- Universal theorem(Math.), a theorem which extends to any quantity without restriction.

Theorem

The"o*rem, v. t. To formulate into a theorem.

Theorematic, Theorematical

The`o*re*mat"ic (?), The`o*re*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to a theorem or theorems; comprised in a theorem; consisting of theorems.

Theorematist

The`o*rem"a*tist (?), n. One who constructs theorems.

Theoremic

The`o*rem"ic (?), a. Theorematic. Grew.

Theoretic, Theoretical

The`o*ret"ic (?), The`o*ret"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. theoreticus, F. th\'82or\'82tique.] Pertaining to theory; depending on, or confined to, theory or speculation; speculative; terminating in theory or speculation: not practical; as, theoretical learning; theoretic sciences. -- The`o*ret"ic*al*ly, adv.

Theoretics

The`o*ret"ics (?), n. The speculative part of a science; speculation.
At the very first, with our Lord himself, and his apostles, as represented to us in the New Testament, morals come before contemplation, ethics before theoretics. H. B. Wilson.

Theoric

The*or"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82orique. See Theory.]

1. Of or pertaining to the theorica.

2. (pron. Relating to, or skilled in, theory; theoretically skilled. [Obs.]

A man but young, Yet old in judgment, theoric and practic In all humanity. Massinger.

Theoric

The"o*ric (?), n. [OF. theorique; cf. L. theorice.] Speculation; theory. [Obs.] Shak.

Theorica

The*or"i*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Theory.] (Gr. Antiq.) Public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifices, and public entertainments (especially theatrical performances), and in gifts to the people; -- also called theoric fund.

Theorical

The*or"ic*al (?), a. Theoretic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Theorically

The*or"ic*al*ly, adv. In a theoretic manner. [Obs.]

Theorist

The"o*rist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82oriste.] One who forms theories; one given to theory and speculation; a speculatist. Cowper.
The greatest theoretists have given the preference to such a government as that which obtains in this kingdom. Addison.
<-- 2. A scientist who forms theories about natural phenomena, based on the data gathered by others, rather than himself performing experiments to test the theories. Contrasted with experimentalist. -->

Theorization

The`o*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act or product of theorizing; the formation of a theory or theories; speculation.

Theorize

The"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theorized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theorizing (?).] [Cf. F. th\'82oriser.] To form a theory or theories; to form opinions solely by theory; to speculate.

Theorizer

The"o*ri`zer (?), n. One who theorizes or speculates; a theorist.

Theory

The"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Theories (#). [F. th\'82orie, L. theoria, Gr. Theater.]

1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice; hypothesis; speculation. &hand; "This word is employed by English writers in a very loose and improper sense. It is with them usually convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the Continental philosophers." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any science; as, the theory of music.

3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory and practice of medicine.

4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion; Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.

Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic, Binary, etc. Syn. -- Hypothesis, speculation. -- Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture respecting a cause of phenomena.

Theosoph, Theosopher

The"o*soph (?), The*os"o*pher (?), n. A theosophist.

Theosophic, Theosophical

The`o*soph"ic (?), The`o*soph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82osophique.] Of or pertaining to theosophy. -- The`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Theosophism

The*os"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82osophisme.] Belief in theosophy. Murdock.

Theosophist

The*os"o*phist (?), n. One addicted to theosophy.
The theosophist is one who gives you a theory of God, or of the works of God, which has not reason, but an inspiration of his own, for its basis. R. A. Vaughan.

Theosophistical

The*os`o*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to theosophy; theosophical.

Theosophize

The*os"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theosophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theosophizing.] To practice theosophy. [R.]

Theosophy

The*os"o*phy (?), n. [Gr. th\'82osophie.] Any system of philosophy or mysticism which proposes to attain intercourse with God and superior spirits, and consequent superhuman knowledge, by physical processes, as by the theurgic operations of some ancient Platonists, or by the chemical processes of the German fire philosophers; also, a direct, as distinguished from a revealed, knowledge of God, supposed to be attained by extraordinary illumination; especially, a direct insight into the processes of the divine mind, and the interior relations of the divine nature.

Therapeut\'91

Ther`a*peu"t\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Therapeutic.] (Eccl. Hist.) A name given to certain ascetics said to have anciently dwelt in the neighborhood of Alexandria. They are described in a work attributed to Philo, the genuineness and credibility of which are now much discredited.

Therapeutic, Therapeutical

Ther`a*peu"tic (?), Ther`a*peu"tic*al (?), a. [F. th\'82rapeutique, Gr. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the healing art; concerned in discovering and applying remedies for diseases; curative. "Therapeutic or curative physic." Sir T. Browne.
Medicine is justly distributed into "prophylactic," or the art of preserving health, and therapeutic, or the art of restoring it. I. Watts.

Therapeutic

Ther`a*peu"tic, n. One of the Therapeut\'91.

Therapeutics

Ther`a*peu"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82rapeutique.] That part of medical science which treats of the discovery and application of remedies for diseases.

Therapeutist

Ther`a*peu"tist (?), n. One versed in therapeutics, or the discovery and application of remedies.

Therapy

Ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. Therapeutics.

There

There (?), adv. [OE. ther, AS. \'eb\'d6r; akin to D. daar, G. da, OHG. d\'ber, Sw. & Dan. der, Icel. & Goth. \'edar, Skr. tarhi then, and E. that. \'fb184. See That, pron.]

1. In or at that place. "[They] there left me and my man, both bound together." Shak.

The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. Ge. ii. 8.
&hand; In distinction from here, there usually signifies a place farther off. "Darkness there might well seem twilight here." Milton.

2. In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place; as, he did not stop there, but continued his speech.

The law that theaten'd death becomes thy friend And turns it to exile; there art thou happy. Shak.

3. To or into that place; thither.

The rarest that e'er came there. Shak.
&hand; There is sometimes used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to something, especially to something distant; as, there, there! see there! look there! There is often used as an expletive, and in this use, when it introduces a sentence or clause, the verb precedes its subject.
A knight there was, and that a worthy man. Chaucer.
There is a path which no fowl knoweth. Job xxviii. 7.
Wherever there is a sense or perception, there some idea is actually produced. Locke.
There have been that have delivered themselves from their ills by their good fortune or virtue. Suckling.
&hand; There is much used in composition, and often has the sense of a pronoun. See Thereabout, Thereafter, Therefrom, etc. &hand; There was formerly used in the sense of where.
Spend their good there it is reasonable. Chaucer.
Here and there, in one place and another. Syn. -- See Thither.

Thereabout, Thereabouts

There"a*bout` (?), There"a*bouts` (?), adv. [The latter spelling is less proper, but more commonly used.]

1. Near that place.

2. Near that number, degree, or quantity; nearly; as, ten men, or thereabouts.

Five or six thousand horse . . . or thereabouts. Shak.
Some three months since, or thereabout. Suckling.

3. Concerning that; about that. [R.]

What will ye dine? I will go thereabout. Chaucer.
They were much perplexed thereabout. Luke xxiv. 4.

Thereafter

There*af"ter (?), adv. [AS. \'eb\'d6r\'91fter after that. See There, and After.]

1. After that; afterward.

2. According to that; accordingly.

I deny not but that it is of greatest concernment in the church and commonwealth to have a vigilant eye how books demean themselves as well as men; and thereafter to confine, imprison, and do sharpest justice on them as malefactors. Milton.

3. Of that sort. [Obs.] "My audience is not thereafter." Latimer.

Thereagain

There"a*gain` (?), adv. In opposition; against one's course. [Obs.]
If that him list to stand thereagain. Chaucer.

There-anent

There"-a*nent` (?), adv. Concerning that. [Scot.]

Thereat

There*at" (?), adv.

1. At that place; there.

Wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat. Matt. vii. 13.

2. At that occurrence or event; on that account.

Every error is a stain to the beauty of nature; for which cause it blusheth thereat. Hooker.

Therebefore, Therebiforn

There`be*fore" (?), There`bi*forn" (?), adv. Before that time; beforehand. [Obs.]
Many a winter therebiforn. Chaucer.

Thereby

There*by" (?), adv.

1. By that; by that means; in consequence of that.

Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace; thereby good shall come unto thee. Job xxii. 21.

2. Annexed to that. "Thereby hangs a tale." Shak.

3. Thereabout; -- said of place, number, etc. Chaucer.

Therefor

There*for" (?), adv. [There + for. Cf. Therefore.] For that, or this; for it.
With certain officers ordained therefore. Chaucer.

Therefore

There"fore (?), conj. & adv. [OE. therfore. See There, and Fore, adv., For, and cf. Therefor.]

1. For that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that.

I have married a wife, and therefore I can not come. Luke xiv. 20.
Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore? Matt. xix. 27.

2. Consequently; by consequence.

He blushes; therefore he is guilty. Spectator.
Syn. -- See Then.

Therefrom

There*from" (?), adv. From this or that.
Turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left. John. xxiii. 6.

Therein

There*in" (?), adv. In that or this place, time, or thing; in that particular or respect. Wyclif.
He pricketh through a fair forest, Therein is many a wild beast. Chaucer.
Bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein. Gen. ix. 7.
Therein our letters do not well agree. Shak.

Thereinto

There`in*to" (?), adv. Into that or this, or into that place. Bacon.
Let not them . . . enter thereinto. Luke xxi. 21.

Thereof

There*of" (?), adv. Of that or this.
In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17.

Thereology

The`re*ol"o*gy (?), n. Therapeutios.

Thereon

There*on" (?), adv. [AS. . See There, and On.] On that or this. Chaucer.
Then the king said, Hang him thereon. Esther vii. 9.

Thereout

There*out" (?), adv.

1. Out of that or this.

He shall take thereout his handful of the flour. Lev. ii. 2.

2. On the outside; out of doors. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thereto

There*to" (?), adv.

1. To that or this. Chaucer.

2. Besides; moreover. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her mouth full small, and thereto soft and red. Chaucer.

Theretofore

There`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to that time; before then; -- correlative with heretofore.

Thereunder

There*un"der (?), adv. Under that or this.

Thereunto

There`un*to" (?), adv. Unto that or this; thereto; besides. Shak.

Thereupon

There`up*on" (?), adv.

1. Upon that or this; thereon. "They shall feed thereupon." Zeph. ii. 7.

2. On account, or in consequence, of that; therefore.

[He] hopes to find you forward, . . . And thereupon he sends you this good news. Shak.

3. Immediately; at once; without delay.

Therewhile

There*while" (?), adv. At that time; at the same time. [Obs.] Laud.

Therewith

There*with" (?), adv.

1. With that or this. "I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content." Phil. iv. 11.

2. In addition; besides; moreover.

To speak of strength and therewith hardiness. Chaucer.

3. At the same time; forthwith. [Obs.] Johnson.

Therewithal

There`with*al" (?), adv.

1. Over and above; besides; moreover. [Obs.] Daniel.

And therewithal it was full poor and bad. Chaucer.

2. With that or this; therewith; at the same time.

Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits. Shak.
And therewithal one came and seized on her, And Enid started waking. Tennyson.

Therf

Therf (?), a. [AS. ; akin to OHG. derb, Icel. .] Not fermented; unleavened; -- said of bread, loaves, etc. [Obs.]
Pask and the feast of therf loaves. Wyclif.
Page 1497

Theriac, Theriaca

The"ri*ac (?), The*ri"a*ca (?), n. [L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of serpents, Gr. th\'82riaque. See Treacle.]

1. (Old Med.) An ancient composition esteemed efficacious against the effects of poison; especially, a certain compound of sixty-four drugs, prepared, pulverized, and reduced by means of honey to an electuary; -- called also theriaca Andromachi, and Venice treacle.

2. Treacle; molasses. British Pharm.

Theriac, Theriacal

The"ri*ac (?), The*ri"a*cal (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82riacal.] Of or pertaining to theriac; medicinal. "Theriacal herbs." Bacon.

Therial

The"ri*al (?), a. Theriac. [R.] Holland.

Theriodont

The"ri*o*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Theriodontia. Used also adjectively.

Theriodonta

The`ri*o*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Theriodontia.

Theriodontia

The`ri*o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct order of reptiles found in the Permian and Triassic formations in South Africa. In some respects they resembled carnivorous mammals. Called also Theromorpha. &hand; They had biconcave vertebr\'91, ambulatory limbs, and a well-developed pelvis and shoulder girdle. Some of the species had large maxillary teeth. The head somewhat resembled that of a turtle. The Dicynodont is one of the best-known examples. See Dicynodont.

Theriotomy

The`ri*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. Zo\'94tomy.

Therm\'91

Ther"m\'91 (?), n. pl. [L. See Thermal.] Springs or baths of warm or hot water.

Thermal

Ther"mal (?), a. [L. thermae hot springs, fr. Gr. formus warm, and E. forceps.] Of or pertaining to heat; warm; hot; as, the thermal unit; thermal waters.
The thermal condition of the earth. J. D. Forbes.
Thermal conductivity, Thermal spectrum. See under Conductivity, and Spectrum. -- Thermal unit (Physics), a unit chosen for the comparison or calculation of quantities of heat. The unit most commonly employed is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram or one pound of water from zero to one degree Centigrade. See Calorie, and under Unit.

Thermally

Ther"mal*ly, adv. In a thermal manner.

Thermetograph

Ther*met"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers the maximum and minimum during long periods. Nichol.

Thermic

Ther"mic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to heat; due to heat; thermal; as, thermic lines. Thermic balance. See Bolometer. -- Thermic fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sunstroke. See Sunstroke. -- Thermic weight. (Mech.) Same as Heat weight, under Heat.

Thermidor

Ther`mi`dor" (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. The eleventh month of the French republican calendar, -- commencing July 19, and ending August 17. See the Note under Vend\'82miaire.

Thermifugine

Ther*mif"u*gine (?), n. [Gr. fugere to flee.] (Chem.) An artificial alkaloid of complex composition, resembling thalline and used as an antipyretic, -- whence its name.

Thermo-

Ther"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. qe`rmh heat, qermo`s hot, warm; as in thermochemistry, thermodynamic.

Thermobarometer

Ther`mo*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + barometer.] (Physics) An instrument for determining altitudes by the boiling point of water.

Thermobattery

Ther`mo*bat"ter*y (?), n. [Thermo- + battery.] A thermoelectric battery; a thermopile.

Thermocautery

Ther`mo*cau"ter*y (?), n. [Thermo- + cautery.] (Surg.) Cautery by the application of heat. Paquelin's thermocautery, thermocautery by means of a hollow platinum point, which is kept constantly hot by the passage through it of benzine vapor.

Thermochemic, Thermochemical

Ther`mo*chem"ic (?), Ther`mo*chem"ic*al (?), a. (Chem. Physics) Of or pertaining to thermochemistry; obtained by, or employed in, thermochemistry.

Thermochemistry

Ther`mo*chem"is*try (?), n. [Thermo- + chemistry.] That branch of chemical science which includes the investigation of the various relations existing between chemical action and that manifestation of force termed heat, or the determination of the heat evolved by, or employed in, chemical actions.

Thermochrosy

Ther*moch"ro*sy (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Physics) The property possessed by heat of being composed, like light, of rays of different degrees of refrangibility, which are unequal in rate or degree of transmission through diathermic substances.

Thermocurrent

Ther"mo*cur`rent (?), n. [Thermo- + current.] (Physics) A current, as of electricity, developed, or set in motion, by the action of heat.

Thermodynamic

Ther`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + dynamic.] (Physics) Relating to thermodynamics; caused or operated by force due to the application of heat. Thermodynamic function. See Heat weight, under Heat.

Thermodynamics

Ther`mo*dy*nam"ics (?), n. The science which treats of the mechanical action or relations of heat.

Thermoelectric

Ther`mo*e*lec"tric (?), a. (Physics) Pertaining to thermoelectricity; as, thermoelectric currents.

Thermoelectricity

Ther`mo*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. [Thermo- + electricity: cf. F. thermo\'82lectricit\'82.] (Physics) Electricity developed in the action of heat. See the Note under Electricity.

Thermoelectrometer

Ther`mo*e`lec*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + electrometer.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the strength of an electric current in the heat which it produces, or for determining the heat developed by such a current.

Thermogen

Ther"mo*gen (?), n. [Thermo- + -gen.] (Old Chem.) Caloric; heat; regarded as a material but imponderable substance.

Thermogenic

Ther`mo*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to heat, or to the production of heat; producing heat; thermogenous; as, the thermogenic tissues.

Thermogenous

Ther*mog"e*nous (?), a. [Thermo- + -genous.] (Physiol.) Producing heat; thermogenic.

Thermograph

Ther"mo*graph (?), n. [Thermo- + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for automatically recording indications of the variation of temperature.

Thermology

Ther*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Thermo- + -logy.] A discourse on, or an account of, heat. Whewell.

Thermolysis

Ther*mol"y*sis (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Chem.) The resolution of a compound into parts by heat; dissociation by heat.

Thermolyze

Ther"mo*lyze (?), v. t. (Chem.) To subject to thermolysis; to dissociate by heat.

Thermomagnetism

Ther`mo*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Thermo- + magnetism.] Magnetism as affected or caused by the action of heat; the relation of heat to magnetism.

Thermometer

Ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + -meter: cf. F. thermom\'8atre. See Thermal.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring temperature, founded on the principle that changes of temperature in bodies are accompained by proportional changes in their volumes or dimensions. &hand; The thermometer usually consists of a glass tube of capillary bore, terminating in a bulb, and containing mercury or alcohol, which expanding or contracting according to the temperature to which it is exposed, indicates the degree of heat or cold by the amount of space occupied, as shown by the position of the top of the liquid column on a graduated scale. See Centigrade, Fahrenheit, and R\'82aumur. To reduce degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade, substract 32\'f8 and multiply by Air thermometer, Balance thermometer, etc. See under Air, Balance, etc. -- Metallic thermometer, a form of thermometer indicating changes of temperature by the expansion or contraction of rods or strips of metal. -- Register thermometer, ∨ Self-registering thermometer, a thermometer that registers the maximum and minimum of temperature occurring in the interval of time between two consecutive settings of the instrument. A common form contains a bit of steel wire to be pushed before the column and left at the point of maximum temperature, or a slide of enamel, which is drawn back by the liquid, and left within it at the point of minimum temperature.

Thermometric, Thermometrical

Ther`mo*met"ric (?), Ther`mo*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. thermom\'82trique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a thermometer; as, the thermometrical scale or tube.

2. Made, or ascertained, by means of a thermometer; as, thermometrical observations.

Thermometrically

Ther`mo*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. In a thermometrical manner; by means of a thermometer.

Thermometrograph

Ther`mo*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording graphically the variations of temperature, or the indications of a thermometer.

Thermometry

Ther*mom"e*try (?), n. The estimation of temperature by the use of a thermometric apparatus.

Thermomultiplier

Ther`mo*mul"ti*pli`er (?), n. [Thermo- + multiplier.] Same as Thermopile.

Thermopile

Ther"mo*pile (?), n. [Thermo- + pile a heap.] (Physics) An instrument of extreme sensibility, used to determine slight differences and degrees of heat. It is composed of alternate bars of antimony and bismuth, or any two metals having different capacities for the conduction of heat, connected with an astatic galvanometer, which is very sensibly affected by the electric current induced in the system of bars when exposed even to the feeblest degrees of heat.

Thermoscope

Ther"mo*scope (?), n. [Thermo- + -scope.] (Physics) An instrument for indicating changes of temperature without indicating the degree of heat by which it is affected; especially, an instrument contrived by Count Rumford which, as modified by Professor Leslie, was afterward called the differential thermometer.

Thermoscopic

Ther`mo*scop"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the thermoscope; made by means of the thermoscope; as, thermoscopic observations.

Thermostat

Ther"mo*stat (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Physics) A self-acting apparatus for regulating temperature by the unequal expansion of different metals, liquids, or gases by heat, as in opening or closing the damper of a stove, or the like, as the heat becomes greater or less than is desired.

Thermostatic

Ther`mo*stat"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the thermostat; made or effected by means of the thermostat.

Thermosystaltic

Ther`mo*sys*tal"tic (?), a. [Thermo- + systalic.] (Physiol.) Influenced in its contraction by heat or cold; -- said of a muscle.

Thermotaxic

Ther`mo*tax"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + Gr. (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the regulation of temperature in the animal body; as, the thermotaxic nervous system.

Thermotension

Ther`mo*ten"sion (?), n. [Thermo- + tension.] A process of increasing the strength of wrought iron by heating it to a determinate temperature, and giving to it, while in that state, a mechanical strain or tension in the direction in which the strength is afterward to be exerted.

Thermotic, Thermotical

Ther*mot"ic (?), Ther*mot"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to heat; produced by heat; as, thermotical phenomena. Whewell.

Thermotics

Ther*mot"ics (?), n. The science of heat. Whewell.

Thermotropic

Ther`mo*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting thermotropism.

Thermotropism

Ther*mot"ro*pism (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning towards a source of warmth, seen in the growing parts of some plants.

Thermotype

Ther"mo*type (?), n. [Thermo- + -type.] A picture (as of a slice of wood) obtained by first wetting the object slightly with hydrochloric or dilute sulphuric acid, then taking an impression with a press, and next strongly heating this impression.

Thermotypy

Ther*mot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of obtaining thermotypes.

Thermovoltaic

Ther`mo*vol*ta"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + voltaic.] (Physics) Of or relating to heat and electricity; especially, relating to thermal effects produced by voltaic action. Faraday.

Theromorpha

The`ro*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL.: Gr. (Paleon.) See Theriodonta.

Theropoda

The*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An order of carnivorous dinosaurs in which the feet are less birdlike, and hence more like those of an ordinary quadruped, than in the Ornithopoda. It includes the repacious genera Megalosaurus, Creosaurus, and their allies.

Thesaurus

The*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Thesauri (#). [L. See Treasure.] A treasury or storehouse; hence, a repository, especially of knowledge; -- often applied to a comprehensive work, like a dictionary or cyclopedia.

These

These (?), pron. [OE. , , a variant of , pl. of , thes, this. See This, and cf. Those.] The plural of this. See This.

Thesicle

Thes"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of thesis.] A little or subordinate thesis; a proposition.

Thesis

The"sis (?), n.; pl. Theses (#). [L., fr. Gr. Do, and cf. Anathema, Apothecary, Epithet, Hypothesis, Parenthesis, Theme, Tick a cover.]

1. A position or proposition which a person advances and offers to maintain, or which is actually maintained by argument.

2. Hence, an essay or dissertation written upon specific or definite theme; especially, an essay presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree.

I told them of the grave, becoming, and sublime deportment they should assume upon this mystical occasion, and read them two homilies and a thesis of my own composing, to prepare them. Goldsmith.

3. (Logic) An affirmation, or distinction from a supposition or hypothesis.

4. (Mus.) The accented part of the measure, expressed by the downward beat; -- the opposite of arsis.

5. (Pros.) (a) The depression of the voice in pronouncing the syllables of a word. (b) The part of the foot upon which such a depression falls.

Thesmothete

Thes"mo*thete (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A lawgiver; a legislator; one of the six junior archons at Athens.

Thespian

Thes"pi*an (?), a. [From L. Thespis, Gr. Of or pertaining to Thespis; hence, relating to the drama; dramatic; as, the Thespian art. -- n. An actor.

Thessalian

Thes*sa"li*an (?), a. [Cf. L. Thessalius.] Of or pertaining to Thessaly in Greece. Shak. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessaly.

Thessalonian

Thes`sa*lo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thessalonica, a city of Macedonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessalonica.

Theta

The"ta (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. qh^ta, the Greek letter θ, A letter of the Greek alphabet corresponding to th in English; -- sometimes called the unlucky letter, from being used by the judges on their ballots in passing condemnation on a prisoner, it being the first letter of the Greek qa`natos, death. Theta function (Math.), one of a group of functions used in developing the properties of elliptic functions.

Thetical

Thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Thesis.] Laid down; absolute or positive, as a law. Dr. H. More.

Thetine

The"tine (?), n. [Thio + ether + sulphine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of complex basic sulphur compounds analogous to the sulphines.

Theurgic, Theurgical

The*ur"gic (?), The*ur"gic*al (?), a. [L. theurgicus, Gr. th\'82urgique.] Of or pertaining to theurgy; magical. Theurgic hymns, songs of incantation.

Theurgist

The"ur*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82urgiste.] One who pretends to, or is addicted to, theurgy. Hallywell.
Page 1498

Theurgy

The"ur*gy (?), n. [L. theurgia, Gr. th\'82urgie. See Theism, and Work.]

1. A divine work; a miracle; hence, magic; sorcery.

2. A kind of magical science or art developed in Alexandria among the Neoplatonists, and supposed to enable man to influence the will of the gods by means of purification and other sacramental rites. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. In later or modern magic, that species of magic in which effects are claimed to be produced by supernatural agency, in distinction from natural magic.

Thew

Thew (?), n. [Chiefly used in the plural Thews (.] [OE. thew, , manner, habit, strength, AS. manner, habit (cf. to drive); akin to OS. thau custom, habit, OHG. dou. \'fb56.]

1. Manner; custom; habit; form of behavior; qualities of mind; disposition; specifically, good qualities; virtues. [Obs.]

For her great light Of sapience, and for her thews clear. Chaucer.
Evil speeches destroy good thews. Wyclif (1 Cor. xv. 33).
To be upbrought in gentle thews and martial might. Spenser.

2. Muscle or strength; nerve; brawn; sinew. Shak.

And I myself, who sat apart And watched them, waxed in every limb; I felt the thews of Anakim, The pules of a Titan's heart. Tennyson.

Thewed

Thewed (?), a.

1. Furnished with thews or muscles; as, a well-thewed limb.

2. Accustomed; mannered. [Obs.] John Skelton.

Yet would not seem so rude and thewed ill. Spenser.

Thewy

Thew"y (?), a. Having strong or large thews or muscles; muscular; sinewy; strong.

They

They (?), pron. pl.; poss. Theirs; obj. Them. [Icel. þeir they, properly nom. pl. masc. of s\'be, s&umac;, þat, a demonstrative pronoun, akin to the English definite article, AS. s\'c7, se\'a2, &edh;\'91t, nom. pl. &edh;\'be. See That.] The plural of he, she, or it. They is never used adjectively, but always as a pronoun proper, and sometimes refers to persons without an antecedent expressed.
Jolif and glad they went unto here [their] rest And casten hem [them] full early for to sail. Chaucer.
They of Italy salute you. Heb. xiii. 24.
Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness. Matt. v. 6.
&hand; They is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used man, and as the French use on; as, they say (French on dit), that is, it is said by persons not specified.

Thialdine

Thi*al"dine (?), n. [Thio- + aldehyde + -ine.] (Chem.) A weak nitrogenous sulphur base, C6H13NS2.

Thialol

Thi"al*ol (?), n. [Thio- + alcohol + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, (C2H5)2S2, having a strong garlic odor; -- called also ethyl disulphide. By extension, any one of the series of related compounds.

Thibetan

Thib"e*tan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thibet. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thibet.<-- now usu. Tibetan and Tibet. -->

Thibet cloth

Thib"et cloth` (?). (a) A fabric made of coarse goat's hair; a kind of camlet. (b) A kind of fine woolen cloth, used for dresses, cloaks, etc.

Thibetian

Thi*be"tian (?), a. & n. Same as Thibetan.<-- = Tibetan -->

Thible

Thi"ble (?), n. A slice; a skimmer; a spatula; a pudding stick. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ainsworth.

Thick

Thick (?), a. [Compar. Thicker (?); superl. Thickest.] [OE. thicke, AS. ; akin to D. dik, OS. thikki, OHG. dicchi thick, dense, G. dick thick, Icel. , , and probably to Gael. & Ir. tiugh. Cf. Tight.]

1. Measuring in the third dimension other than length and breadth, or in general dimension other than length; -- said of a solid body; as, a timber seven inches thick.

Were it as thick as is a branched oak. Chaucer.
My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. 1 Kings xii. 10.

2. Having more depth or extent from one surface to its opposite than usual; not thin or slender; as, a thick plank; thick cloth; thick paper; thick neck.

3. Dense; not thin; inspissated; as, thick vapors. Also used figuratively; as, thick darkness.

Make the gruel thick and slab. Shak.

4. Not transparent or clear; hence, turbid, muddy, or misty; as, the water of a river is apt to be thick after a rain. "In a thick, misty day." Sir W. Scott.

5. Abundant, close, or crowded in space; closely set; following in quick succession; frequently recurring.

The people were gathered thick together. Luke xi. 29.
Black was the forest; thick with beech it stood. Dryden.

6. Not having due distinction of syllables, or good articulation; indistinct; as, a thick utterance.

7. Deep; profound; as, thick sleep. [R.] Shak.

8. Dull; not quick; as, thick of fearing. Shak.

His dimensions to any thick sight were invincible. Shak.

9. Intimate; very friendly; familiar. [Colloq.]

We have been thick ever since. T. Hughes.
&hand; Thick is often used in the formation of compounds, most of which are self-explaining; as, thick-barred, thick-bodied, thick-coming, thick-cut, thick-flying, thick-growing, thick-leaved, thick-lipped, thick-necked, thick-planted, thick-ribbed, thick-shelled, thick-woven, and the like. Thick register. (Phon.) See the Note under Register, n., 7. -- Thick stuff (Naut.), all plank that is more than four inches thick and less than twelve. J. Knowles. <-- Thick-skulled, thick-headed. Stupid, slow to learn. [derogatory] --> Syn. -- Dense; close; compact; solid; gross; coarse.

Thick

Thick, n.

1. The thickest part, or the time when anything is thickest.

In the thick of the dust and smoke. Knolles.

2. A thicket; as, gloomy thicks. [Obs.] Drayton.

Through the thick they heard one rudely rush. Spenser.
He through a little window cast his sight Through thick of bars, that gave a scanty light. Dryden.
Thick-and-thin block (Naut.), a fiddle block. See under Fiddle. -- Through thick and thin, through all obstacles and difficulties, both great and small.
Through thick and thin she followed him. Hudibras.
He became the panegyrist, through thick and thin, of a military frenzy. Coleridge.

Thick

Thick (?), adv. [AS. þicce.]

1. Frequently; fast; quick.

2. Closely; as, a plat of ground thick sown.

3. To a great depth, or to a greater depth than usual; as, land covered thick with manure.

Thick and threefold, in quick succession, or in great numbers. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Thick

Thick, v. t. & i. [Cf. AS. .] To thicken. [R.]
The nightmare Life-in-death was she, Who thicks man's blood with cold. Coleridge.

Thickbill

Thick"bill` (?), n. The bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

Thicken

Thick"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thickened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thickening.] To make thick (in any sense of the word). Specifically: -- (a) To render dense; to inspissate; as, to thicken paint. (b) To make close; to fill up interstices in; as, to thicken cloth; to thicken ranks of trees or men. (c) To strengthen; to confirm. [Obs.]
And this may to thicken other proofs. Shak.
(d) To make more frequent; as, to thicken blows.

Thicken

Thick"en, v. i. To become thick. "Thy luster thickens when he shines by." Shak.
The press of people thickens to the court. Dryden.
The combat thickens, like the storm that flies. Dryden.

Thickening

Thick"en*ing, n. Something put into a liquid or mass to make it thicker.

Thicket

Thick"et (?), n. [AS. . See Thick, a.] A wood or a collection of trees, shrubs, etc., closely set; as, a ram caught in a thicket. Gen. xxii. 13.

Thickhead

Thick"head` (?), n.

1. A thick-headed or stupid person. [Colloq.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Australian singing birds of the genus Pachycephala. The males of some of the species are bright-colored. Some of the species are popularly called thrushes.

Thick-headed

Thick"-head`ed, a. Having a thick skull; stupid.

Thickish

Thick"ish, a. Somewhat thick.

Thick-knee

Thick"-knee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A stone curlew. See under Stone.

Thickly

Thick"ly, adv. In a thick manner; deeply; closely.

Thickness

Thick"ness, n. [AS. .] The quality or state of being thick (in any of the senses of the adjective).

Thickset

Thick"set` (?), a.

1. Close planted; as, a thickset wood; a thickset hedge. Dryden.

2. Having a short, thick body; stout.

Thickset

Thick"set`, n.

1. A close or thick hedge.

2. A stout, twilled cotton cloth; a fustian corduroy, or velveteen. McElrath.

Thickskin

Thick"skin` (?), n. A coarse, gross person; a person void of sensibility or sinsitiveness; a dullard.

Thick-skinned

Thick"-skinned` (?), a. Having a thick skin; hence, not sensitive; dull; obtuse. Holland.

Thickskull

Thick"skull` (?), n. A dullard, or dull person; a blockhead; a numskull. Entick.

Thick-skulled

Thick"-skulled` (?), a. Having a thick skull; hence, dull; heavy; stupid; slow to learn.

Thick wind

Thick" wind` (?). (Far.) A defect of respiration in a horse, that is unassociated with noise in breathing or with the signs of emphysema.

Thick-winded

Thick"-wind`ed, a. (Far.) Affected with thick wind.

Thider

Thid"er (?), adv. Thither. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thiderward

Thid"er*ward (?), adv. Thitherward. [Obs.]

Thief

Thief (?), n.; pl. Thieves (#). [OE. thef, theef, AS. ; akin to OFries. thiaf, OS. theof, thiof, D. dief, G. dieb, OHG. diob, Icel. , Sw. tjuf, Dan. tyv, Goth. , , and perhaps to Lith. tupeti to squat or crouch down. Cf. Theft.]

1. One who steals; one who commits theft or larceny. See Theft.

There came a privy thief, men clepeth death. Chaucer.
Where thieves break through and steal. Matt. vi. 19.

2. A waster in the snuff of a candle. Bp. Hall.

Thief catcher. Same as Thief taker. -- Thief leader, one who leads or takes away a thief. L'Estrange. -- Thief taker, one whose business is to find and capture thieves and bring them to justice. -- Thief tube, a tube for withdrawing a sample of a liquid from a cask. -- Thieves' vinegar, a kind of aromatic vinegar for the sick room, taking its name from the story that thieves, by using it, were enabled to plunder, with impunity to health, in the great plague at London. [Eng.] Syn. -- Robber; pilferer. -- Thief, Robber. A thief takes our property by stealth; a robber attacks us openly, and strips us by main force.
Take heed, have open eye, for thieves do foot by night. Shak.
Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton.

Thiefly

Thief"ly, a. & adv. Like a thief; thievish; thievishly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thi\'89none

Thi"\'89*none (?), n. [Thi\'89nyl + ketone.] (Chem.) A ketone derivative of thiophene obtained as a white crystalline substance, (C4H3S)2.CO, by the action of aluminium chloride and carbonyl chloride on thiophene.

Thi\'89nyl

Thi"\'89*nyl (?), n. [Thiophene + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C4H3S, regarded as the essential residue of thiophene and certain of its derivatives.

Thieve

Thieve (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Thieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thieving.] [AS. ge.] To practice theft; to steal.

Thievery

Thiev"er*y (?), n.

1. The practice of stealing; theft; thievishness.

Among the Spartans, thievery was a practice morally good and honest. South.

2. That which is stolen. [Obs.] Shak.

Thievish

Thiev"ish, a.

1. Given to stealing; addicted to theft; as, a thievish boy, a thievish magpie.

2. Like a thief; acting by stealth; sly; secret.

Time's thievish progress to eternity. Shak.

3. Partaking of the nature of theft; accomplished by stealing; dishonest; as, a thievish practice.

Or with a base and biosterous sword enforce A thievish living on the common road. Shak.
-- Thiev"ish*ly, adv. -- Thiev"ish*ness, n.

Thigh

Thigh (?), n. [OE. thi, , , AS. ; akin to OFries. thiach, D. dij, dije, OHG. dioh, thioh, Icel. thigh, rump, and probably to Lith. taukas fat of animals, tuk to become fat, Russ. tuke fat of animals. \'fb56.]

1. (Anat.) The proximal segment of the hind limb between the knee and the trunk. See Femur.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The coxa, or femur, of an insect.

Thigh bone (Anat.), the femur.

Thilk

Thilk (?), pron. [Cf. Ilk same.] That same; this; that. [Obs.] "I love thilk lass." Spenser.
Thou spake right now of thilke traitor death. Chaucer.

Thill

Thill (?), n. [OE. thille, AS. a board, plank, beam, thill; akin to a plank, D. deel a plank, floor, G. diele, OHG. dili, dilla, Icel. a plank, planking, a thwart, a wainscot, plank; cf. Skr. tala a level surface. \'fb236. Cf. Fill a thill, Deal a plank.]

1. One of the two long pieces of wood, extending before a vehicle, between which a horse is hitched; a shaft.

2. (Mining) The floor of a coal mine. Raymond.

Thill coupling, a device for connecting the thill of a vehicle to the axle.

Thiller

Thill"er (?), n. The horse which goes between the thills, or shafts, and supports them; also, the last horse in a team; -- called also thill horse.

Thimble

Thim"ble (?), n. [OE. thimbil, AS. , fr. a thumb. \'fb56. See Thumb.]

1. A kind of cap or cover, or sometimes a broad ring, for the end of the finger, used in sewing to protect the finger when pushing the needle through the material. It is usually made of metal, and has upon the outer surface numerous small pits to catch the head of the needle.

2. (Mech.) Any thimble-shaped appendage or fixure. Specifically: -- (a) A tubular piece, generally a strut, through which a bolt or pin passes. (b) A fixed or movable ring, tube, or lining placed in a hole. (c) A tubular cone for expanding a flue; -- called ferrule in England.

3. (Naut.) A ring of thin metal formed with a grooved circumference so as to fit within an eye-spice, or the like, and protect it from chafing.

Thimbleberry

Thim"ble*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), common in America.

Thimbleeye

Thim"ble*eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chub mackerel. See under Chub.

Thimbleful

Thim"ble*ful (?), n.; pl. Thimblefuls (. As much as a thimble will hold; a very small quantity.
For a thimbleful of golf, a thimbleful of love. Dryden.

Thimblerig

Thim"ble*rig` (?), n. A sleight-of-hand trick played with three small cups, shaped like thimbles, and a small ball or little pea.

Thimblerig

Thim"ble*rig`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thimblerigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thimblerigging.] To swindle by means of small cups or thimbles, and a pea or small ball placed under one of them and quickly shifted to another, the victim laying a wager that he knows under which cup it is; hence, to cheat by any trick.

Thimblerigger

Thim"ble*rig`ger (?), n. One who cheats by thimblerigging, or tricks of legerdemain.

Thimbleweed

Thim"ble*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the composite genus Rudbeckia, coarse herbs somewhat resembling the sunflower; -- so called from their conical receptacles.

Thin

Thin (?), a. [Compar. Thiner (?); superl. Thinest.] [OE. thinne, thenne, thunne, AS. þynne; akin to D. dun, G. d\'81nn, OHG. dunni, Icel. þunnr, Sw. tunn, Dan. tynd, Gael. & Ir. tana, W. teneu, L. tenuis, Gr. tanu thin, slender; also to AS. to extend, G. dehnen, Icel. , Goth. (in comp.), L. tendere to stretch, tenere to hold, Gr. tan. \'fb51 & 237. Cf. Attenuate, Dance, Tempt, Tenable, Tend to move, Tenous, Thunder, Tone.]

1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering.

2. Rare; not dense or thick; -- applied to fluids or soft mixtures; as, thin blood; thin broth; thin air. Shak.

In the day, when the air is more thin. Bacon.
Satan, bowing low His gray dissimulation, disappeared, Into thin air diffused. Milton.

3. Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the individuals of which the thing is composed in a close or compact state; hence, not abundant; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin.

Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people. Addison.

4. Not full or well grown; wanting in plumpness.

Seven thin ears . . . blasted with the east wind. Gen. xli. 6.

5. Not stout; slim; slender; lean; gaunt; as, a person becomes thin by disease.

6. Wanting in body or volume; small; feeble; not full.

Thin, hollow sounds, and lamentable screams. Dryden.

7. Slight; small; slender; flimsy; wanting substance or depth or force; superficial; inadequate; not sufficient for a covering; as, a thin disguise.

My tale is done, for my wit is but thin. Chaucer.
&hand; Thin is used in the formation of compounds which are mostly self-explaining; as, thin-faced, thin-lipped, thin-peopled, thin-shelled, and the like. Thin section. See under Section.

Thin

Thin, adv. Not thickly or closely; in a seattered state; as, seed sown thin.
Spain is thin sown of people. Bacon.

Thin

Thin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thinning.] [Cf. AS. geþynnian.] To make thin (in any of the senses of the adjective).

Thin

Thin, v. i. To grow or become thin; -- used with some adverbs, as out, away, etc.; as, geological strata thin out, i. e., gradually diminish in thickness until they disappear.

Thine

Thine (?), pron. & a. [OE. thin, AS. &edh;\'c6n, originally gen. of &edh;u, &edh;&umac;, thou; akin to G. dein thine, Icel. þinn, possessive pron., þ\'c6n, gen. of þ&umac; thou, Goth. þeins, possessive pron., þeina, gen. of þu thou. See Thou, and cf. Thy.] A form of the possessive case of the pronoun thou, now superseded in common discourse by your, the possessive of you, but maintaining a place in solemn discourse, in poetry, and in the usual language of the Friends, or Quakers. &hand; In the old style, thine was commonly shortened to thi (thy) when used attributively before words beginning with a consonant; now, thy is used also before vowels. Thine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood.
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Thing

Thing (?), n. [AS. þing a thing, cause, assembly, judicial assembly; akin to þingan to negotiate, þingian to reconcile, conciliate, D. ding a thing, OS. thing thing, assembly, judicial assembly, G. ding a thing, formerly also, an assembly, court, Icel. þing a thing, assembly, court, Sw. & Dan. ting; perhaps originally used of the transaction of or before a popular assembly, or the time appointed for such an assembly; cf. G. dingen to bargain, hire, MHG. dingen to hold court, speak before a court, negotiate, Goth. þeihs time, perhaps akin to L. tempus time. Cf. Hustings, and Temporal of time.]

1. Whatever exists, or is conceived to exist, as a separate entity, whether animate or inanimate; any separable or distinguishable object of thought.

God made . . . every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind. Gen. i. 25.
He sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt. Gen. xiv. 23.
A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats.

2. An inanimate object, in distinction from a living being; any lifeless material.

Ye meads and groves, unsonscious things! Cowper.

3. A transaction or occurrence; an event; a deed.

[And Jacob said] All these things are against me. Gen. xlii. 36.
Which if ye tell me, I in like wise will tell you by what authority I do these things. Matt. xxi. 24.

4. A portion or part; something.

Wieked men who understand any thing of wisdom. Tillotson.

5. A diminutive or slighted object; any object viewed as merely existing; -- often used in pity or contempt.

See, sons, what things you are! Shak.
The poor thing sighed, and . . . turned from me. Addison.
I'll be this abject thing no more. Granville.
I have a thing in prose. Swift.

6. pl. Clothes; furniture; appurtenances; luggage; as, to pack or store one's things. [Colloq.] &hand; Formerly, the singular was sometimes used in a plural or collective sense.

And them she gave her moebles and her thing. Chaucer.
&hand; Thing was used in a very general sense in Old English, and is still heard colloquially where some more definite term would be used in careful composition.
In the garden [he] walketh to and fro, And hath his things [i. e., prayers, devotions] said full courteously. Chaucer.
Hearkening his minstrels their things play. Chaucer.

7. (Law) Whatever may be possessed or owned; a property; -- distinguished from person.

8. [In this sense pronounced t&icr;ng.] In Scandinavian countries, a legislative or judicial assembly. Longfellow.

Things personal. (Law) Same as Personal property, under Personal. -- Things real. Same as Real property, under Real.

Think

Think (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thought (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thinking.] [OE. thinken, properly, to seem, from AS. þyncean (cf. Methinks), but confounded with OE. thenken to think, fr. AS. þencean (imp. þ\'d3hte); akin to D. denken, dunken, OS. thenkian, thunkian, G. denken, d\'81nken, Icel. þekkja to perceive, to know, þykkja to seem, Goth. þagkjan, þaggkjan, to think, þygkjan to think, to seem, OL. tongere to know. Cf. Thank, Thought.]

1. To seem or appear; -- used chiefly in the expressions methinketh or methinks, and methought. <-- structurally similar to Russ. mne kazhetsya --> &hand; These are genuine Anglo-Saxon expressions, equivalent to it seems to me, it seemed to me. In these expressions me is in the dative case.

2. To employ any of the intellectual powers except that of simple perception through the senses; to exercise the higher intellectual faculties.

For that I am I know, because I think. Dryden.

3. Specifically: -- (a) To call anything to mind; to remember; as, I would have sent the books, but I did not think of it.

Well thought upon; I have it here. Shak.
(b) To reflect upon any subject; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to consider; to deliberate.
And when he thought thereon, he wept. Mark xiv. 72.
He thought within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have no room where to bestow my fruits? Luke xii. 17.
(c) To form an opinion by reasoning; to judge; to conclude; to believe; as, I think it will rain to-morrow.
Let them marry to whom they think best. Num. xxxvi. 6.
(d) To purpose; to intend; to design; to mean.
I thought to promote thee unto great honor. Num. xxiv. 11.
Thou thought'st to help me. Shak.
(e) To presume; to venture.
Think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father. Matt. iii. 9.
&hand; To think, in a philosophical use as yet somewhat limited, designates the higher intellectual acts, the acts pre\'89minently rational; to judge; to compare; to reason. Thinking is employed by Hamilton as "comprehending all our collective energies." It is defined by Mansel as "the act of knowing or judging by means of concepts,"by Lotze as "the reaction of the mind on the material supplied by external influences." See Thought. To think better of. See under Better. -- To think much of, ∨ To think well of, to hold in esteem; to esteem highly. Syn. -- To expect; guess; cogitate; reflect; ponder; contemplate; meditate; muse; imagine; suppose; believe. See Expect, Guess.

Think

Think, v. t.

1. To conceive; to imagine.

Charity . . . thinketh no evil. 1 Cor. xiii. 4,5.

2. To plan or design; to plot; to compass. [Obs.]

So little womanhood And natural goodness, as to think the death Of her own son. Beau. & Fl.

3. To believe; to consider; to esteem.

Nor think superfluous other's aid. Milton.
To think much, to esteem a great matter; to grudge. [Obs.] "[He] thought not much to clothe his enemies." Milton. -- To think scorn. (a) To disdain. [Obs.] "He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone." Esther iii. 6. (b) To feel indignation. [Obs.]

Thinkable

Think"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being thought or conceived; cogitable. Sir W. Hamilton.

Thinker

Think"er (?), n. One who thinks; especially and chiefly, one who thinks in a particular manner; as, a close thinker; a deep thinker; a coherent thinker.

Thinking

Think"ing, a. Having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular train of ideas; as, man is a thinking being. -- Think"ing*ly, adv.

Thinking

Think"ing, n. The act of thinking; mode of thinking; imagination; cogitation; judgment.
I heard a bird so sing, Whose music, to my thinking, pleased the king. Shak.

Thinly

Thin"ly (?), a. In a thin manner; in a loose, scattered manner; scantily; not thickly; as, ground thinly planted with trees; a country thinly inhabited.

Thinner

Thin"ner (?), n. One who thins, or makes thinner. <-- 2. A solvent used to thin a viscous liquid, as a paint thinner. -->

Thinness

Thin"ness, n. The quality or state of being thin (in any of the senses of the word).

Thinnish

Thin"nish (?), a. Somewhat thin.

Thinolite

Thin"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A calcareous tufa, in part crystalline, occurring on a large scale as a shore deposit about the Quaternary lake basins of Nevada.

Thin-skinned

Thin"-skinned` (?), a. Having a thin skin; hence, sensitive; irritable.

Thio-

Thi"o- (?). [Gr. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sulphur. See Sulpho-.

Thiocarbonate

Thi`o*car"bon*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphocarbonate.

Thiocarbonic

Thi`o*car*bon"ic (?), a. [Thio- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Same as Sulphocarbonic.

Thiocyanate

Thi`o*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Sulphocyanate.

Thiocyanic

Thi`o*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Thio- + cyanic.] (Chem.) Same as Sulphocyanic.

Thionaphthene

Thi`o*naph"thene (?), n. [Thiophene + naphthalene.] (Chem.) A double benzene and thiophene nucleus, C8H6S, analogous to naphthalene, and like it the base of a large series of derivatives. [Written also thionaphtene.]

Thionic

Thi*on"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sulphur; containing or resembling sulphur; specifically, designating certain of the thio compounds; as, the thionic acids. Cf. Dithionic, Trithionic, Tetrathionic, etc.

Thionine

Thi"on*ine (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An artificial red or violet dyestuff consisting of a complex sulphur derivative of certain aromatic diamines, and obtained as a dark crystalline powder; -- called also phenylene violet.

Thionol

Thi"on*ol (?), n. [Thionine + -ol.] (Chem.) A red or violet dyestuff having a greenish metallic luster. It is produced artificially, by the chemical dehydration of thionine, as a brown amorphous powder.

Thionoline

Thi*on"o*line (?), n. (Chem.) A beautiful fluorescent crystalline substance, intermediate in composition between thionol and thionine.

Thionyl

Thi"on*yl (?), n. [Thionic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical SO, regarded as an essential constituent of certain sulphurous compounds; as, thionyl chloride.

Thiophene

Thi"o*phene (?), n. [Thio- + phenyl + -ene.] (Chem.) A sulphur hydrocarbon, C4H4S, analogous to furfuran and benzene, and acting as the base of a large number of substances which closely resemble the corresponding aromatic derivatives.

Thiophenic

Thi`o*phen"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, thiophene; specifically, designating a certain acid analogous to benzoic acid.

Thiophenol

Thi`o*phe"nol (?), n. [Thio- + phenol.] (Chem.) A colorless mobile liquid, C6H5.SH, of an offensive odor, and analogous to phenol; -- called also phenyl sulphydrate.

Thiophthene

Thi*oph"thene (?), n. [Abbreviated from thionaphthene.] (Chem.) A double thiophene nucleus, C6H4S2, analogous to thionaphthene, and the base of a large series of compounds. [Written also thiophtene.]

Thiosulphate

Thi`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of thiosulphuric acid; -- formerly called hyposulphite. &hand; The sodium salt called in photography by the name sodium hyposulphite, being used as a solvent for the excess of unchanged silver chloride, bromide, and iodide on the sensitive plate.

Thiosulphuric

Thi`o*sul*phur"ic (?), a. [Thio- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an unstable acid, H2S2O3, analogous to sulphuric acid, and formerly called hyposulphurous acid.

Thiotolene

Thi`o*to"lene (?), n. [Thio- + toluene.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, C4H3S.CH3, analogous to, and resembling, toluene; -- called also methyl thiophene.

Thioxene

Thi*ox"ene (?), n. [Thiophene + xylene.] (Chem.) Any one of three possible metameric substances, which are dimethyl derivatives of thiophene, like the xylenes from benzene.

Third

Third (?), a. [OE. thirde, AS. , fr. , , three; akin to D. derde third, G. dritte, Icel. , Goth. , L. tertius, Gr. t. See Three, and cf. Riding a jurisdiction, Tierce.]

1. Next after the second; coming after two others; -- the ordinal of three; as, the thirdhour in the day. "The third night." Chaucer.

2. Constituting or being one of three equal parts into which anything is divided; as, the third part of a day.

Third estate. (a) In England, the commons, or the commonalty, who are represented in Parliament by the House of Commons. (b) In France, the tiers \'82tat. See Tiers \'82tat. Third order (R. C. Ch.), an order attached to a monastic order, and comprising men and women devoted to a rule of pious living, called the third rule, by a simple vow if they remain seculars, and by more solemn vows if they become regulars. See Tertiary, n., 1. -- Third person (Gram.), the person spoken of. See Person, n., 7. -- Third sound. (Mus.) See Third, n., 3.

Third

Third (?), n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by three; one of three equal parts into which anything is divided.

2. The sixtieth part of a second of time.

3. (Mus.) The third tone of the scale; the mediant.

4. pl. (Law) The third part of the estate of a deseased husband, which, by some local laws, the widow is entitled to enjoy during her life.

Major third (Mus.), an interval of two tones. -- Minor third (Mus.), an interval of a tone and a half.

Third-borough

Third"-bor`ough (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) An under constable. Shak. Johnson.

Thirdings

Third"ings (?), n. pl. (Eng. Law) The third part of the corn or grain growing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to the lord for a heriot, as within the manor of Turfat in Herefordshire.

Thirdly

Third"ly, adv. In the third place. Bacon.

Third-penny

Third"-pen`ny (?), n. (A.S. Law) A third part of the profits of fines and penalties imposed at the country court, which was among the perquisites enjoyed by the earl.

Thirl

Thirl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thirling.] [See Thrill.] To bore; to drill or thrill. See Thrill. [Obs. or Prov.]
That with a spear was thirled his breast bone. Chaucer.

Thirlage

Thirl"age (?), n. [Cf. Thrall.] (Scots Law) The right which the owner of a mill possesses, by contract or law, to compel the tenants of a certain district, or of his sucken, to bring all their grain to his mill for grinding. Erskine.

Thirst

Thirst (?), n. [OE. thirst, þurst, AS. þurst, þyrst; akin to D. dorst, OS. thurst, G. durst, Icel. þorsti, Sw. & Dan. t\'94rst, Goth. þa\'a3rstei thirst, þa\'a3rsus dry, withered, þa\'a3rsieþ mik I thirst, gaþa\'a1rsan to wither, L. torrere to parch, Gr. te`rsesqai to become dry, tesai`nein to dry up, Skr. t&rsdot;sh to thirst. \'fb54. Cf. Torrid.]

1. A sensation of dryness in the throat associated with a craving for liquids, produced by deprivation of drink, or by some other cause (as fear, excitement, etc.) which arrests the secretion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane; hence, the condition producing this sensation.

Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us, and our children . . . with thirst? Ex. xvii. 3.
With thirst, with cold, with hunger so confounded. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: A want and eager desire after anything; a craving or longing; -- usually with for, of, or after; as, the thirst for gold. "Thirst of worldy good." Fairfax. "The thirst I had of knowledge." Milton.

Thirst

Thirst, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirsted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thirsting.] [AS. . See Thirst, n.]

1. To feel thirst; to experience a painful or uneasy sensation of the throat or fauces, as for want of drink.

The people thirsted there for water. Ex. xvii. 3.

2. To have a vehement desire.

My soul thirsteth for . . . the living God. Ps. xlii. 2.

Thirst

Thirst, v. t. To have a thirst for. [R.]
He seeks his keeper's flesh, and thirsts his blood. Prior.

Thirster

Thirst"er (?), n. One who thirsts.

Thirstily

Thirst"i*ly (?), adv. In a thirsty manner.

Thirstiness

Thirst"i*ness, n. The state of being thirsty; thirst.

Thirstle

Thirs"tle (?), n. The throstle. [Prov. Eng.]

Thirsty

Thirst"y (?), a. [Compar. Thirstier (?); superl. Thirstiest.] [AS. . See Thirst, n.]

1. Feeling thirst; having a painful or distressing sensation from want of drink; hence, having an eager desire.

Give me, I pray thee, a little water to drink, for I am thirsty. Judges iv. 19.

2. Deficient in moisture; dry; parched.

A dry and thirsty land, where no water is. Ps. lxiii. 1.
When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain pant. Addison.

Thirteen

Thir"teen` (?), a. [OE. threttene, AS. , . See Three, and Ten, and cf. Thirty.] One more than twelve; ten and three; as, thirteen ounces or pounds.

Thirteen

Thir"teen`, n.

1. The number greater by one than twelve; the sum of ten and three; thirteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing thirteen units, as 13 or xiii.

Thirteenth

Thir"teenth` (?), a. [From Thirteen: cf. AS. .]

1. Next in order after the twelfth; the third after the tenth; -- the ordinal of thirteen; as, the thirteenth day of the month.

2. Constituting or being one of thirteen equal parts into which anything is divided.

Thirteenth

Thir"teenth`, n.

1. The quotient of a unit divided by thirteen; one of thirteen equal parts into which anything is divided.

2. The next in order after the twelfth.

3. (Mus.) The interval comprising an octave and a sixth.

Thirtieth

Thir"ti*eth (?), a. [From Thirty: cf. AS. þr\'c6tig\'d3&edh;a.]

1. Next in order after the twenty-ninth; the tenth after the twentieth; -- the ordinal of thirty; as, the thirtieth day of the month.

2. Constituting or being one of thirty equal parts into which anything is divided.

Thirtieth

Thir"ti*eth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by thirty; one of thirty equal parts.

Thirty

Thir"ty (?), a. [OE. thritty, AS. \'edr\'c6tig, \'edrittig; akin to D. dertig, G. dreissig, Icel. \'edrj\'bet\'c6u, \'edrj\'betigi, \'edrir teger, Goth. \'edreis tigjus, i.e., three tens. See Three, and Ten, and cf. Thirteen.] Being three times ten; consisting of one more than twenty-nine; twenty and ten; as, the month of June consists of thirty days.
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Thirty

Thir"ty (?), n.; pl. Thirties (.

1. The sum of three tens, or twenty and ten; thirty units or objects.

2. A symbol expressing thirty, as 30, or XXX.

Thirty-second

Thir"ty-sec`ond (?), a. Being one of thirty-two equal parts into which anything is divided. Thirty-second note (Mus.), the thirty-second part of a whole note; a demi-semiquaver.

This

This (?), pron. & a.; pl. These (#). [OE. this, thes, AS. \'eb\'c7s, masc., \'ebe\'a2s, fem., \'ebis, neut.; akin to OS. these, D. deze, G. dieser, OHG. diser, deser, Icel. \'edessi; originally from the definite article + a particle -se, -si; cf. Goth. sai behold. See The, That, and cf. These, Those.]

1. As a demonstrative pronoun, this denotes something that is present or near in place or time, or something just mentioned, or that is just about to be mentioned.

When they heard this, they were pricked in their heart. Acts ii. 37.
But know this, that if the good man of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched. Matt. xxiv. 43.

2. As an adjective, this has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun; as, this book; this way to town. &hand; This may be used as opposed or correlative to that, and sometimes as opposed to other or to a second this. See the Note under That, 1.

This way and that wavering sails they bend. Pope.
A body of this or that denomination is produced. Boyle.
Their judgment in this we may not, and in that we need not, follow. Hooker.
Consider the arguments which the author had to write this, or to design the other, before you arraign him. Dryden.
Thy crimes . . . soon by this or this will end. Addison.
&hand; This, like a, every, that, etc., may refer to a number, as of years, persons, etc., taken collectively or as a whole.
This twenty years have I been with thee.. Gen. xxxi. 38.
I have not wept this years; but now My mother comes afresh into my eyes. Dryden.

Thistle

This"tle (?), n. [OE. thistil, AS. þistel; akin to D. & G. distel, OHG. distila, distil, Icel. þistill, Sw. tistel, Dan. tidsel; of uncertain origin.] (Bot.) Any one of several prickly composite plants, especially those of the genera Cnicus, Craduus, and Onopordon. The name is often also applied to other prickly plants. Blessed thistle, Carduus benedictus, so named because it was formerly considered an antidote to the bite of venomous creatures. -- Bull thistle, Cnicus lanceolatus, the common large thistle of neglected pastures. -- Canada thistle, Cnicus arvensis, a native of Europe, but introduced into the United States from Canada. -- Cotton thistle, Onopordon Acanthium. -- Fuller's thistle, the teasel. -- Globe thistle, Melon thistle, etc. See under Globe, Melon, etc. -- Pine thistle, Atractylis gummifera, a native of the Mediterranean region. A vicid gum resin flows from the involucre. -- Scotch thistle, either the cotton thistle, or the musk thistle, or the spear thistle; -- all used national emblems of Scotland. -- Sow thistle, Sonchus oleraceus. -- Spear thistle. Same as Bull thistle. -- Star thistle, a species of Centaurea. See Centaurea. -- Torch thistle, a candelabra-shaped plant of the genus Cereus. See Cereus. -- Yellow thistle, Cincus horridulus. Thistle bird (Zo\'94l.), the American goldfinch, or yellow-bird (Spinus tristis); -- so called on account of its feeding on the seeds of thistles. See Illust. under Goldfinch. -- Thistle butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a handsomely colored American butterfly (Vanessa cardui) whose larva feeds upon thistles; -- called also painted lady. -- Thistle cock (Zo\'94l.), the corn bunting (Emberiza militaria). [Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle crown, a gold coin of England of the reign of James I., worth four shillings. -- Thistle finch (Zo\'94l.), the goldfinch; -- so called from its fondness for thistle seeds. [Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle funnel, a funnel having a bulging body and flaring mouth.

Thistly

This"tly (?), a.

1. Overgrown with thistles; as, thistly ground.

2. Fig.: Resembling a thistle or thistles; sharp; pricking.

In such a world, so thorny, and where none Finds happiness unblighted, or, if found, Without some thistly sorrow at its side. Cowper.

Thither

Thith"er (?), adv. [OE. thider, AS. &edh;ider; akin to E. that; cf. Icel. þa&edh;ra there, Goth. þaþr\'d3 thence. See That, and The.]

1. To that place; -- opposed to hither.

This city is near; . . . O, let me escape thither. Gen. xix. 20.
Where I am, thither ye can not come. John vii. 34.

2. To that point, end, or result; as, the argument tended thither.

Hither and thither, to this place and to that; one way and another. Syn. -- There. Thither, There. Thither properly denotes motion toward a place; there denotes rest in a place; as, I am going thither, and shall meet you there. But thither has now become obsolete, except in poetry, or a style purposely conformed to the past, and there is now used in both senses; as, I shall go there to-morrow; we shall go there together.

Thither

Thith"er (?), a.

1. Being on the farther side from the person speaking; farther; -- a correlative of hither; as, on the thither side of the water. W. D. Howells.

2. Applied to time: On the thither side of, older than; of more years than. See Hither, a. Huxley.

Thitherto

Thith"er*to` (?), adv. To that point; so far. [Obs.]

Thitherward

Thith"er*ward (?), adv. To ward that place; in that direction.
They shall ask the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward. Jer. l. 5.

Thitsee

Thit"see (?), n. [Written also theesee, and thietsie.]

1. (Bot.) The varnish tree of Burmah (Melanorrh\'d2a usitatissima).

2. A black varnish obtained from the tree.

Thlipsis

Thlip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Compression, especially constriction of vessels by an external cause.

Tho

Tho (&th;&omac;), def. art. The. [Obs.] Spenser.

Tho

Tho, pron. pl. Those. [Obs.]
This knowen tho that be to wives bound. Chaucer.

Tho

Tho, adv. [AS. þ\'be.] Then. [Obs.] Spenser.
To do obsequies as was tho the guise. Chaucer.

Tho

Tho, conj. Though. [Reformed spelling.]

Thole

Thole (?), n. [Written also thowel, and thowl.] [OE. thol, AS. þol; akin to D. dol, Icel. þollr a fir tree, a young fir, a tree, a thole.]

1. A wooden or metal pin, set in the gunwale of a boat, to serve as a fulcrum for the oar in rowing. Longfellow.

2. The pin, or handle, of a scythe snath.

Thole pin. Same as Thole.

Thole

Thole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tholed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tholing.] [OE. þolen, þolien, AS. þolian; akin to OS. thol\'d3n, OHG. dol\'c7n, G. geduld patience, dulden to endure, Icel. þola, Sw. t\'86la, Dan. taale, Goth. þulan, L. tolerate, tulisse, to endure, bear, tollere to lift, bear, Gr. tul to lift. \'fb55. Cf. Tolerate.] To bear; to endure; to undergo. [Obs. or Scot.] Gower.
So much woe as I have with you tholed. Chaucer.
To thole the winter's steely dribble. Burns.

Thole

Thole, v. i. To wait. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Thom\'91an, Thomean

Tho*m\'91"an, Tho*me"an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of the ancient church of Christians established on the Malabar coast of India, which some suppose to have been originally founded by the Apostle Thomas.

Thomism, Thomaism

Tho"mism (?), Tho"ma*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas, esp. with respect to predestination and grace.

Thomist

Tho"mist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Thomas Aquinas. See Scotist.

Thomite

Tho"mite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A Thom\'91an.

Thomsenolite

Thom"sen*o*lite (?), n. [Named after Dr. J.Thomsen of Copenhagen. See -lite.] (Min.) A fluoride of aluminium, calcium, and sodium occurring with the cryolite of Greenland.

Thomsen's disease

Thom"sen's dis*ease" (?). [From Thomsen, a physician of Sleswick.] (Med.) An affection apparently congenital, consisting in tonic contraction and stiffness of the voluntary muscles occurring after a period of muscular inaction.

Thomsonian

Thom*so"ni*an (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to Thomsonianism. -- n. A believer in Thomsonianism; one who practices Thomsonianism.

Thomsonianism

Thom*so"ni*an*ism (?), n. (Med.) An empirical system which assumes that the human body is composed of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, and that vegetable medicines alone should be used; -- from the founder, Dr. Samuel Thomson, of Massachusetts.

Thomsonite

Thom"son*ite (?), n. [From R.D.Thomson, of Glasgow.] (Min.) A zeolitic mineral, occurring generally in masses of a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda. Called also mesole, and comptonite.

Thong

Thong (?), n. [OE. thong, þwong, thwang, AS. þwang; akin to Icel. þvengr a thong, latchet. \'fb57. Cf. Twinge.] A strap of leather; especially, one used for fastening anything.
And nails for loosened spears, and thongs for shields, provide. Dryden.
Thong seal (Zo\'94l.), the bearded seal. See the Note under Seal.

Thooid

Tho"oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a group of carnivores, including the wovels and the dogs.

Thor

Thor (?), n. [Icel. þ\'d3rs. Cf. Thursday.] (Scand. Myth.) The god of thunder, and son of Odin.

Thoracentesis

Tho`ra*cen*te"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.) The operation of puncturing the chest wall so as to let out liquids contained in the cavity of the chest.

Thoracic

Tho*rac"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thorax, or chest. Thoracic duct (Anat.), the great trunk of the lymphatic vessels, situated on the ventral side of the vertebral column in the thorax and abdomen. See Illust. of Lacteal.

Thoracic

Tho*rac"ic, n. [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of fishes having the ventral fins placed beneath the thorax or beneath the pectorial fins.

Thoracica

Tho*rac"i*ca (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of cirripeds including those which have six thoracic segments, usually bearing six pairs of cirri. The common barnacles are examples.

Thoracometer

Tho`ra*com"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol.) Same as Stethometer.

Thoracoplasty

Tho`ra*co*plas"ty (?), n. [Thorax + plasty.] (Med.) A remodeling or reshaping of the thorax; especially, the operation of removing the ribs, so as to obliterate the pleural cavity in cases of empyema.

Thoracostraca

Tho`ra*cos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL. See Thorax, and Ostracoid, a.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of Crustacea, having a dorsal shield or carapec

Thoracotomy

Tho`ra*cot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of opening the pleural cavity by incision.

Thoral

Tho"ral (?), a. [L. torus a couch, bed.] Of or pertaining to a bed. [R.]

Thorax

Tho"rax (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) The part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing that part of the body cavity the walls of which are supported by the dorsal vertebr\'91, the ribs, and the sternum, and which the heart and lungs are situated; the chest. &hand; In mammals the thoracic cavity is completely separated from the abdominal by the diaphragm, but in birds and many reptiles the separation is incomplete, while in other reptiles, and in amphibians and fishes, there is no marked separation and no true thorax.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The middle region of the body of an insect, or that region which bears the legs and wings. It is composed of three united somites, each of which is composed of several distinct parts. See Illust. in Appendix. and Illust. of Coleoptera. (b) The second, or middle, region of the body of a crustacean, arachnid, or other articulate animal. In the case of decapod Crustacea, some writers include under the term thorax only the three segments bearing the maxillipeds; others include also the five segments bearing the legs. See Illust. in Appendix.

3. (Antiq.) A breastplate, cuirass, or corselet; especially, the breastplate worn by the ancient Greeks.

Thoria

Tho"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.) A rare white earthy substance, consisting of the oxide of thorium; -- formerly called also thorina.

Thoric

Thor"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thorium; designating the compounds of thorium.

Thorite

Tho"rite (?), n. [So called by Berzelius from the Scandinavian god Thor. See Thor.] (Min.) A mineral of a brown to black color, or, as in the variety orangite, orange-yellow. It is essentially a silicate of thorium.

Thorium

Tho"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.) A metallic element found in certain rare minerals, as thorite, pyrochlore, monazite, etc., and isolated as an infusible gray metallic powder which burns in the air and forms thoria; -- formerly called also thorinum. Symbol Th. Atomic weight 232.0.

Thorn

Thorn (?), n. [AS. þorn; akin to OS. & OFries. thorn, D. doorn, G. dorn, Dan. torn, Sw. t\'94rne, Icel. þorn, Goth. þa\'a3rnus; cf. Pol. tarn, Russ. tern' the blackthorn, ternie thorns, Skr. t&rsdot;&nsdot;a grass, blade of grass. \'fb53.]

1. A hard and sharp-pointed projection from a woody stem; usually, a branch so transformed; a spine.

2. (Bot.) Any shrub or small tree which bears thorns; especially, any species of the genus Crat\'91gus, as the hawthorn, whitethorn, cockspur thorn.

3. Fig.: That which pricks or annoys as a thorn; anything troublesome; trouble; care.

There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me. 2 Cor. xii. 7.
The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, Be only mine. Southern.

4. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter th, as in thin, then. So called because it was the initial letter of thorn, a spine.

Thorn apple (Bot.), Jamestown weed. -- Thorn broom (Bot.), a shrub that produces thorns. -- Thorn hedge, a hedge of thorn-bearing trees or bushes. -- Thorn devil. (Zo\'94l.) See Moloch, 2. -- Thorn hopper (Zo\'94l.), a tree hopper (Thelia crat\'91gi) which lives on the thorn bush, apple tree, and allied trees.

Thorn

Thorn, v. t. To prick, as with a thorn. [Poetic]
I am the only rose of all the stock That never thorn'd him. Tennyson.

Thornback

Thorn"back` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A European skate (Raia clavata) having thornlike spines on its back.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The large European spider crab or king crab (Maia squinado).

Thornbill

Thorn"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small, brilliantly colored American birds of the genus Rhamphomicron. They have a long, slender, sharp bill, and feed upon honey, insects, and the juice of the sugar cane.
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Thornbird

Thorn"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small South American bird (Anumbius anumbii) allied to the ovenbirds of the genus Furnarius). It builds a very large and complex nest of twigs and thorns in a bush or tree.

Thornbut

Thorn"but (?), n. [Thorn + -but as in halibut; cf. G. dornbutt.] (Zo\'94l.) The turbot.

Thorn-headed

Thorn"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head armed with thorns or spines. Thorn-headed worm (Zo\'94l.), any worm of the order Acanthocephala; -- called also thornhead.

Thornless

Thorn"less, a. Destitute of, or free from, thorns.

Thornset

Thorn"set` (?), a. Set with thorns. Dyer.

Thorntail

Thorn"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful South American humming bird (Gouldia Popelairii), having the six outer tail feathers long, slender, and pointed. The head is ornamented with a long, pointed crest.

Thorny

Thorn"y (?), a. [Compar. Thornier (?); superl. Thorniest.] [Cf. AS. þorniht.]

1. Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns; spiny; as, a thorny wood; a thorny tree; a thorny crown.

2. Like a thorn or thorns; hence, figuratively, troublesome; vexatious; harassing; perplexing. "The thorny point of bare distress." Shak.

The steep and thorny way to heaven. Shak.
Thorny rest-harrow (Bot.), rest-harrow. -- Thorny trefoil, a prickly plant of the genus Fagonia (F. Cretica, etc.).

Thoro

Thor"o (?), a. Thorough. [Reformed spelling.]

Thorough

Thor"ough (?), prep. [See Through.] Through. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

Thorough

Thor"ough, a.

1. Passing through; as, thorough lights in a house. [Obs.]

2. Passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as, a thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a thorough poet.

Thorough

Thor"ough, adv.

1. Thoroughly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer.

2. Through. [Obs.] Shak.

Thorough

Thor"ough, n. A furrow between two ridges, to drain off the surface water. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Thorough bass

Thor"ough bass` (?). (Mus.) The representation of chords by figures placed under the base; figured bass; basso continuo; -- sometimes used as synonymous with harmony.

Thorough-brace

Thor"ough-brace` (?), n. A leather strap supporting the body of a carriage, and attached to springs, or serving as a spring. See Illust. of Chaise.

Thoroughbred

Thor"ough*bred` (?), a. Bred from the best blood through a long line; pure-blooded; -- said of stock, as horses. Hence, having the characteristics of such breeding; mettlesome; courageous; of elegant form, or the like. -- n. A thoroughbred animal, especially a horse.

Thoroughfare

Thor"ough*fare` (?), n. [AS. þurhfaru.]

1. A passage through; a passage from one street or opening to another; an unobstructed way open to the public; a public road; hence, a frequented street.

A large and splendid thoroughfare. Motley.

2. A passing or going through; passage. [R.]

[Made] Hell and this world -- one realm, one continent Of easy thoroughfare. Milton.

Thoroughgoing

Thor"ough*go`ing (?), a.

1. Going through, or to the end or bottom; very thorough; complete.

2. Going all lengths; extreme; thoroughplaced; -- less common in this sense.

Thorough-lighted

Thor"ough-light`ed (?), a. (Arch.) Provided with thorough lights or windows at opposite sides, as a room or building. Gwilt.

Thoroughly

Thor"ough*ly, adv. In a thorough manner; fully; entirely; completely.

Thoroughness

Thor"ough*ness, n. The quality or state of being thorough; completeness.

Thoroughpaced

Thor"ough*paced` (?), a. Perfect in what is undertaken; complete; going all lengths; as, a thoroughplaced Tory or Whig.
If she be a thoroughplaced impostor. Sir W. Scott.

Thoroughpin

Thor"ough*pin` (?), n. (Far.) A disease of the hock (sometimes of the knee) of a horse, caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane and a consequent excessive secretion of the synovial fluid; -- probably so called because there is usually an oval swelling on each side of the leg, appearing somewhat as if a pin had been thrust through.

Thoroughsped

Thor"ough*sped` (?), a. Fully accomplished; thoroughplaced. [R.] Swift.

Thoroughstitch

Thor"ough*stitch` (?), adv. So as to go the whole length of any business; fully; completely. [Obs.]
Preservance alone can carry us thoroughstitch. L'Estrange.

Thoroughwax

Thor"ough*wax` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium) with perfoliate leaves. (b) Thoroughwort.

Thoroughwort

Thor"ough*wort` (?), n. Same as Boneset.

Thorow

Thor"ow (?), prep. Through. [Obs.] "Thorow bramble, pits, and floods." Beau. & Fl.

Thorow

Thor"ow, a. Thorough. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Thorp, Thorpe

Thorp, Thorpe (th⊚rp), n. [AS. þorp; akin to OS. & OFries. thorp, D. dorp, G. dorf, Icel. þorp, Dan. torp, Sw. torp a cottage, a little farm, Goth. þa\'a3rp a field, and probably to Lith. troba a building, a house, W. tref a hamlet, Ir. treabh a farmed village, a tribe, clan, Gael. treabhair houses, and perhaps to L. turba a crowd, mult. Cf. Dorp.] A group of houses in the country; a small village; a hamlet; a dorp; -- now chiefly occurring in names of places and persons; as, Althorp, Mablethorpe. "Within a little thorp I staid." Fairfax.
Then thorpe and byre arose in fire. Tennyson.

Those

Those (?), pron. [OE. þos, þas, AS. &edh;\'bes, nom. and acc. pl. of &edh;\'c7s this. See This, and cf. These.] The plural of that. See That.

Thoth

Thoth (?), n.

1. (Myth.) The god of eloquence and letters among the ancient Egyptians, and supposed to be the inventor of writing and philosophy. He corresponded to the Mercury of the Romans, and was usually represented as a human figure with the head of an ibis or a lamb.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The Egyptian sacred baboon.

Thou

Thou (?), pron. [Sing.: nom. Thou; poss. Thy (?) or Thine (; obj. Thee (?). Pl.: nom. You (; poss. Your (?) or Yours (; obj. You.] [OE. thou, þu, AS. &edh;&umac;, &edh;u; akin to OS. & OFries. thu, G., Dan. & Sw. du, Icel. þ&umac;, Goth. þu, Russ. tui, Ir. & Gael. tu, W. ti, L. tu, Gr. sy`, Dor. ty`, Skr. tvam. \'fb185. Cf. Thee, Thine, Te Deum.] The second personal pronoun, in the singular number, denoting the person addressed; thyself; the pronoun which is used in addressing persons in the solemn or poetical style.
Art thou he that should come? Matt. xi. 3.
&hand; "In Old English, generally, thou is the language of a lord to a servant, of an equal to an equal, and expresses also companionship, love, permission, defiance, scorn, threatening: whilst ye is the language of a servant to a lord, and of compliment, and further expresses honor, submission, or entreaty." Skeat. &hand; Thou is now sometimes used by the Friends, or Quakers, in familiar discourse, though most of them corruptly say thee instead of thou.

Thou

Thou, v. t. To address as thou, esp. to do so in order to treat with insolent familiarity or contempt.
If thou thouest him some thrice, it shall not be amiss. Shak.

Thou

Thou, v. i. To use the words thou and thee in discourse after the manner of the Friends. [R.]

Though

Though (&th;&omac;), conj. [OE. thogh, þah, AS. &edh;e\'a0h, &edh;&aemac;h, &edh;\'c7h; akin to OS. th\'d3h, OFries. thach, D. & G. doch but, yet, OHG. doh but, yet though, Icel. þ\'d3 yet, nevertheless, Sw. dock, Dan. dog, Goth. þ\'a0uh, þ\'a0u, than, or, yet; of uncertain origin. \'fb184.] Granting, admitting, or supposing that; notwithstanding that; if.
Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Job xiii. 15.
Not that I so affirm, though so it seem. Milton.
&hand; It is compounded with all in although. See Although. As though, as if.
In the vine were three branches; and it was as though it budded. Gen. xl. 10.

Though

Though, adv. However; nevertheless; notwithstanding; -- used in familiar language, and in the middle or at the end of a sentence.
I would not be as sick though for his place. Shak.
A good cause would do well, though. Dryden.

Thought

Thought (?), imp. & p. p. of Think.

Thought

Thought, n. [OE. þoght, þouht, AS. þ\'d3ht, geþ\'d3ht, fr. þencean to think; akin to D. gedachte thought, MHG. d\'beht, ged\'beht, Icel. þ\'d3ttr, þ\'d3tti. See Think.]

1. The act of thinking; the exercise of the mind in any of its higher forms; reflection; cogitation.

Thought can not be superadded to matter, so as in any sense to render it true that matter can become cogitative. Dr. T. Dwight.

2. Meditation; serious consideration.

Pride, of all others the most dangerous fault, Proceeds from want of sense or want of thought. Roscommon.

3. That which is thought; an idea; a mental conception, whether an opinion, judgment, fancy, purpose, or intention.

Thus Bethel spoke, who always speaks his thought. Pope.
Why do you keep alone, . . . Using those thoughts which should indeed have died With them they think on? Shak.
Thoughts come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is to choose or to reject. Dryden.
All their thoughts are against me for evil. Ps. lvi. 5.

4. Solicitude; anxious care; concern.

Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguish before his business came to an end. Bacon.
Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink. Matt. vi. 25.

5. A small degree or quantity; a trifle; as, a thought longer; a thought better. [Colloq.]

If the hair were a thought browner. Shak.
&hand; Thought, in philosophical usage now somewhat current, denotes the capacity for, or the exercise of, the very highest intellectual functions, especially those usually comprehended under judgment.
This [faculty], to which I gave the name of the "elaborative faculty," -- the faculty of relations or comparison, -- constitutes what is properly denominated thought. Sir W. Hamilton.
Syn. -- Idea; conception; imagination; fancy; conceit; notion; supposition; reflection; consideration; meditation; contemplation; cogitation; deliberation.

Thoughtful

Thought"ful (?), a.

1. Full of thought; employed in meditation; contemplative; as, a man of thoughtful mind.

War, horrid war, your thoughtful walks invades. Pope.

2. Attentive; careful; exercising the judgment; having the mind directed to an object; as, thoughtful of gain; thoughtful in seeking truth. Glanvill.

3. Anxious; solicitous; concerned.

Around her crowd distrust, and doubt, and fear, And thoughtful foresight, and tormenting care. Prior.
Syn. -- Considerate; deliberate; contemplative; attentive; careful; wary; circumspect; reflective; discreet. -- Thoughtful, Considerate. He who is habitually thoughtful rarely neglects his duty or his true interest; he who is considerate pauses to reflect and guard himself against error. One who is not thoughtful by nature, if he can be made considerate, will usually be guarded against serious mistakes. "He who is thoughtful does not forget his duty; he who is considerate pauses, and considers properly what is his duty. It is a recommendation to a subordinate person to be thoughtful in doing what is wished of him; it is the recommendation of a confidential person to be considerate, as he has often Crabb. -- Thought"ful*ly, adv. -- hought"ful*ness, n.

Thoughtless

Thought"less, adv.

1. Lacking thought; careless; inconsiderate; rash; as, a thoughtless person, or act.

2. Giddy; gay; dissipated. [R.] Johnson.

3. Deficient in reasoning power; stupid; dull.

Thoughtless as monarch oaks that shade the plain. Dryden.
-- Thought"less*ly, adv. -- Thought"less*ness, n.

Thousand

Thou"sand (?), n. [OE. þousend, þusend, AS. þ&umac;send; akin to OS. th&umac;sundig, th&umac;sind, OFries. thusend, D. duizend, G. tausend, OHG. t, d, Icel. þ&umac;sund, þ&umac;shund, Sw. tusen, Dan. tusind, Goth. þ&umac;sundi, Lith. tukstantis, Russ. tuisiacha; of uncertain origin.]

1. The number of ten hundred; a collection or sum consisting of ten times one hundred units or objects.

2. Hence, indefinitely, a great number.

A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand. Ps. xci. 7.
&hand; The word thousand often takes a plural form. See the Note under Hundred.

3. A symbol representing one thousand units; as, 1,000, M or CI.

Thousand

Thou"sand, a.

1. Consisting of ten hundred; being ten times one hundred.

2. Hence, consisting of a great number indefinitely. "Perplexed with a thousand cares." Shak.

Thousandfold

Thou"sand*fold` (?), a. Multiplied by a thousand.

Thousand legs

Thou"sand legs` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A millepid, or galleyworm; -- called also thousand-legged worm.

Thousandth

Thou"sandth (?), a.

1. Next in order after nine hundred and ninty-nine; coming last of a thousand successive individuals or units; -- the ordinal of thousand; as, the thousandth part of a thing.

2. Constituting, or being one of, a thousand equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a hundredth.

3. Occurring as being one of, or the last one of, a very great number; very small; minute; -- used hyperbolically; as, to do a thing for the thousandth time.

Thousandth

Thou"sandth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by a thousand; one of a thousand equal parts into which a unit is divided.

Thowel, Thowl

Thow"el (?), Thowl (?), n. [See Thole.] (Naut.) (a) A thole pin. (b) A rowlock.
I would sit impatiently thinking with what an unusual amount of noise the oars worked in the thowels. Dickens.

Thracian

Thra"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thrace, or its people. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thrace.

Thrack

Thrack (?), v. t. To load or burden; as, to thrack a man with property. [Obs.] South.

Thrackscat

Thrack"scat (?), n. Metal still in the mine. [Obs.]

Thraldom

Thral"dom (?), n. [Icel. . See Thrall, and -dom.] The condition of a thrall; slavery; bondage; state of servitude. [Written also thralldom.]
Women are born to thraldom and penance And to be under man's governance. Chaucer.
He shall rule, and she in thraldom live. Dryden.

Thrall

Thrall (?), n. [OE. thral, , Icel. , perhaps through AS. ; akin to Sw. tr\'84l, Dan. tr\'91l, and probably to AS. to run, Goth. , Gr. dregil, drigil, a servant.]

1. A slave; a bondman. Chaucer.

Gurth, the born thrall of Cedric. Sir W. Scott.

2. Slavery; bondage; servitude; thraldom. Tennyson.

He still in thrall Of all-subdoing sleep. Chapman.

3. A shelf; a stand for barrels, etc. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrall

Thrall, a. Of or pertaining to a thrall; in the condition of a thrall; bond; enslaved. [Obs.] Spenser.
The fiend that would make you thrall and bond. Chaucer.

Thrall

Thrall, v. t. To enslave. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.

Thralldom

Thrall"dom (?), n. Thraldom.

Thrall-less

Thrall"-less, a. (a) Having no thralls. (b) Not enslaved; not subject to bonds.

Thrall-like

Thrall"-like` (?), a. Resembling a thrall, or his condition, feelings, or the like; slavish.
Servile and thrall-like fear. Milton.

Thranite

Thra"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) One of the rowers on the topmost of the three benches in a trireme.

Thrapple

Thrap"ple (?), n. [Also thropple, corrupted fr. throttle.] Windpipe; throttle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Thrash, Thresh

Thrash (?), Thresh (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrashing.] [OE. , , to beat, AS. , ; akin to D. dorschen, OD. derschen, G. dreschen, OHG. dreskan, Icel. , Sw. tr\'94ska, Dan. t\'91rske, Goth. , Lith. traszketi to rattle, Russ. treskate to burst, crackle, tresk' a crash, OSlav. troska a stroke of lighting. Cf. Thresh.]

1. To beat out grain from, as straw or husks; to beat the straw or husk of (grain) with a flail; to beat off, as the kernels of grain; as, to thrash wheat, rye, or oats; to thrash over the old straw.

The wheat was reaped, thrashed, and winnowed by machines. H. Spencer.

2. To beat soundly, as with a stick or whip; to drub.

Thrash, Thresh

Thrash, Thresh, v. t.

1. To practice thrashing grain or the like; to perform the business of beating grain from straw; as, a man who thrashes well.

2. Hence, to labor; to toil; also, to move violently.

I rather would be M\'91vius, thrash for rhymes, Like his, the scorn and scandal of the times. Dryden.

Thrashel

Thrash"el (?), n. An instrument to thrash with; a flail. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Thrasher, Thresher

Thrash"er (?), Thresh"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, thrashes grain; a thrashing machine.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A large and voracious shark (Alopias vulpes), remarkable for the great length of the upper lobe of its tail, with which it beats, or thrashes, its prey. It is found both upon the American and the European coasts. Called also fox shark, sea ape, sea fox, slasher, swingle-tail, and thrasher shark.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A name given to the brown thrush and other allied species. See Brown thrush.

Sage thrasher. (Zo\'94l.) See under Sage. -- Thrasher whale (Zo\'94l.), the common killer of the Atlantic.
Page 1502

Thrashing

Thrash"ing (?), a. & n. from Thrash, v. Thrashing floor, Threshing-floor, ∨ Threshing floor, a floor or area on which grain is beaten out. -- Thrashing machine, a machine for separating grain from the straw.

Thrasonical

Thra*son"ic*al (?), a. [From Thrso, the name of a braggart soldier in Terence's "Eunuch:" cf. L. Thrasonianus.] Of or pertaining to Thraso; like, or becoming to, Thraso; bragging; boastful; vainglorious. -- Thra*son"ic*al*ly, adv.
C\'91sar's thrasonical brag of 'I came, saw, and overcame.' Shak.

Thraste

Thraste (?), v. t. [imp. Thraste; p. p. Thrast.] To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thrave

Thrave (?), n. [OE. , , Icel. ; akin to Dan. trave; cf. Icel. to grasp.]

1. Twenty-four (in some places, twelve) sheaves of wheat; a shock, or stook. [Prov. Eng.]

2. The number of two dozen; also, an indefinite number; a bunch; a company; a throng. "The worst of a thrave." [Obs.] Landsdowne MS.

He sends forth thraves of ballads to the sale. Bp. Hall.

Thraw

Thraw (?), n. & v. See Throse. [Scot.] Burns.

Thread

Thread (?), n. [OE. threed, , AS. ; akin to D. draad, G. draht wire, thread, OHG. dr\'bet, Icel. a thread, Sw. tr\'86d, Dan. traad, and AS. to twist. See Throw, and cf. Third.]

1. A very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous substance, drawn out to considerable length; a compound cord consisting of two or more single yarns doubled, or joined together, and twisted.

2. A filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance, as of bark; also, a line of gold or silver.

3. The prominent part of the spiral of a screw or nut; the rib. See Screw, n., 1.

4. Fig.: Something continued in a long course or tenor; a,s the thread of life, or of a discourse. Bp. Burnet.

5. Fig.: Composition; quality; fineness. [Obs.]

A neat courtier, Of a most elegant thread. B. Jonson.
Air thread, the fine white filaments which are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of spiders; gossamer. -- Thread and thrum, the good and bad together. [Obs.] Shak. -- Thread cell (Zo\'94l.), a lasso cell. See under Lasso. -- Thread herring (Zo\'94l.), the gizzard shad. See under Gizzard. -- Thread lace, lace made of linen thread. -- Thread needle, a game in which children stand in a row, joining hands, and in which the outer one, still holding his neighbor, runs between the others; -- called also thread the needle.

Thread

Thread, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Threading.]

1. To pass a thread through the eye of; as, to thread a needle.

2. To pass or pierce through as a narrow way; also, to effect or make, as one's way, through or between obstacles; to thrid.

Heavy trading ships . . . threading the Bosphorus. Mitford.
They would not thread the gates. Shak.

3. To form a thread, or spiral rib, on or in; as, to thread a screw or nut.

Threadbare

Thread"bare` (?), a.

1. Worn to the naked thread; having the nap worn off; threadbare clothes. "A threadbare cope." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Worn out; as, a threadbare subject; stale topics and threadbare quotations. Swift.

Threadbareness

Thread"bare`ness, n. The state of being threadbare.

Threaden

Thread"en (?), a. Made of thread; as, threaden sails; a threaden fillet. [Obs.] Shak.

Threader

Thread"er (?), n.

1. A device for assisting in threading a needle.

2. A tool or machine for forming a thread on a screw or in a nut.

Threadfin

Thread"fin` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Polynemus and allied genera. They have numerous long pectoral filaments.

Threadfish

Thread"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cutlass fish. (b) A carangoid fish (Caranx gallus, or C. crinitus) having the anterior rays of the soft dorsal and anal fins prolonged in the form of long threads.

Threadiness

Thread"i*ness (?), n. Quality of being thready.

Thread-shaped

Thread"-shaped` (?), a. Having the form of a thread; filiform.

Threadworm

Thread"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any long, slender nematode worm, especially the pinworm and filaria.

Thready

Thread"y (?), a.

1. Like thread or filaments; slender; as, the thready roots of a shrub.

2. Containing, or consisting of, thread.

Threap

Threap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threaping.] [AS. to reprove.] [Written also threpe, and threip.]

1. To call; to name. [Obs.]

2. To maintain obstinately against denial or contradiction; also, to contend or argue against (another) with obstinacy; to chide; as, he threaped me down that it was so. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

3. To beat, or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. To cozen, or cheat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Threap

Threap, v. i. To contend obstinately; to be pertinacious. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
It's not for a man with a woman to threap. Percy's Reliques.

Threap

Threap (?), n. An obstinate decision or determination; a pertinacious affirmation. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
He was taken a threap that he would have it finished before the year was done. Carlyle.

Threat

Threat (?), n. [AS. , akin to \'be to vex, G. verdriessen, OHG. irdriozan, Icel. to fail, want, lack, Goth. us to vex, to trouble, Russ. trudite to impose a task, irritate, vex, L. trudere to push. Cf. Abstruse, Intrude, Obstrude, Protrude.] The expression of an intention to inflict evil or injury on another; the declaration of an evil, loss, or pain to come; meance; threatening; denunciation.
There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats. Shak.

Threat

Threat, v. t. & i. [OE. , AS. . See Threat, n.] To threaten. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak.
Of all his threating reck not a mite. Chaucer.
Our dreaded admiral from far they threat. Dryden.

Threaten

Threat"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threatened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threatening.] [OE. . See Threat, v. t.]

1. To utter threats against; to menace; to inspire with apprehension; to alarm, or attempt to alarm, as with the promise of something evil or disagreeable; to warn.

Let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in this name. Acts iv. 17.

2. To exhibit the appearance of (something evil or unpleasant) as approaching; to indicate as impending; to announce the conditional infliction of; as, to threaten war; to threaten death. Milton.

The skies look grimly And threaten present blusters. Shak.
Syn. -- To menace. -- Threaten, Menace. Threaten is Anglo-Saxon, and menace is Latin. As often happens, the former is the more familiar term; the latter is more employed in formal style. We are threatened with a drought; the country is menaced with war.
By turns put on the suppliant and the lord: Threatened this moment, and the next implored. Prior.
Of the sharp ax Regardless, that o'er his devoted head Hangs menacing. Somerville.

Threaten

Threat"en, v. i. To use threats, or menaces; also, to have a threatening appearance.
Though the seas threaten, they are merciful. Shak.

Threatener

Threat"en*er (?), n. One who threatens. Shak.

Threatening

Threat"en*ing, a. & n. from Threaten, v. -- Threat"en*ing*ly, adv. Threatening letters (Law), letters containing threats, especially those designed to extort money, or to obtain other property, by menaces; blackmailing letters.

Threatful

Threat"ful (?), a. Full of threats; having a menacing appearance. Spenser. -- Threat"ful*ly, adv.

Threave

Threave (?), n. Same as Thrave. [Obs.]

Three

Three (?), a. [OE. þre, þreo, þri, AS. þr\'c6, masc., þre\'a2, fem. and neut.; akin to OFries. thre, OS. thria, threa, D. drie, G. drei, OHG. dr\'c6, Icel. þr\'c6r, Dan. & Sw. tre, Goth. þreis, Lith. trys, Ir., Gael. & W. tri, Russ. tri, L. tres, Gr. trei^s, Skr. tri. \'fb301. Cf. 3d Drilling, Tern, a., Third, Thirteen, Thirty, Tierce, Trey, Tri-, Triad, Trinity, Tripod.] One more than two; two and one. "I offer thee three things." 2 Sam. xxiv. 12.
Three solemn aisles approach the shrine. Keble.
&hand; Three is often joined with other words, forming compounds signifying divided into, composed of, or containing, three parts, portions, organs, or the like; as, three-branched, three-capsuled, three-celled, three-cleft, three-edged, three-foot, three-footed, three-forked, three-grained, three-headed, three-legged, three-mouthed, three-nooked, three-petaled, three-pronged, three-ribbed, three-seeded, three-stringed, three-toed, and the like.

Three

Three, n.

1. The number greater by a unit than two; three units or objects.

2. A symbol representing three units, as 3 or iii.

Rule of three. (Arith.) See under Rule, n.

Three-coat

Three"-coat` (?), a. (Arch.) Having or consisting of three coats; -- applied to plastering which consists of pricking-up, floating, and a finishing coat; or, as called in the United States, a scratch coat, browning, and finishing coat.

Three-cornered

Three"-cor`nered (?), a.

1. Having three corners, or angles; as, a three-cornered hat.

2. (Bot.) Having three prominent longitudinal angles; as, a three-cornered stem.

Three-decker

Three"-deck`er (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of war carrying guns on three decks.

Three-flowered

Three"-flow`ered (?), a. (Bot.) Bearing three flowers together, or only three flowers.

Threefold

Three"fold` (?), a. [OE. þreofald; cf. AS. þr\'c6feald.] Consisting of three, or thrice repeated; triple; as, threefold justice.
A threefold cord is not quickly broken. Eccl. iv. 12.

Three-handed

Three"-hand`ed (?), a. Said of games or contests where three persons play against each other, or two against one; as, a three-handed game of cards.

Three-leafed, Three-leaved

Three"-leafed` (?), Three"-leaved` (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Producing three leaves; as, three-leaved nightshade. (b) Consisting of three distinct leaflets; having the leaflets arranged in threes. Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium.

Three-lobed

Three"-lobed` (?), a. Having three lobes. Three-lobed leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided into three parts, the sinuses extending not more than half way to the middle, and either the parts of the sinuses being rounded.

Three-nerved

Three"-nerved` (?), a. Having three nerves. Three-nerved leaf (Bot.), a leaf having three distinct and prominent ribs, or nerves, extending from the base.

Three-parted

Three"-part`ed (?), a. Divided into, or consisting of, three parts; tripartite. Three-parted leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided into three parts down to the base, but not entirely separate.

Threepence

Three"pence (?), n. A small silver coin of three times the value of a penny. [Eng.]

Threepenny

Three"pen*ny (?), a. Costing or worth three pence; hence, worth but little; poor; mean.

Three-pile

Three"-pile` (?), n. An old name for the finest and most costly kind of velvet, having a fine, thick pile.
I have served Prince Florizel and in my time wore three-pile. Shak.

Three-piled

Three"-piled` (?), a.

1. Having the quality of three-pile; best; most costly. [R.]

Thou art good velvet; thou 'rt three-piled piece. Shak.

2. Fig.: Extravagant; exaggerated; high-flown. "Three-piled hyperboles." Shak.

3. Accustomed to wearing three-pile; hence, of high rank, or wealth. [Obs.] "Three-piled people." Beau. & Fl.

Three-ply

Three"-ply` (?), a. Consisting of three distinct webs inwrought together in weaving, as cloth or carpeting; having three strands; threefold.

Three-pointed

Three"-point`ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having three acute or setigerous points; tricuspidate.

Three-quarter

Three"-quar`ter (?), a. (Paint.) Measuring thirty inches by twenty-five; -- said of portraitures. Three-quarter length, a portrait showing the figure to the hips only.

Three-score

Three"-score` (?), a. Thrice twenty; sixty.

Three-sided

Three"-sid`ed (?), a. Having three sides, especially three plane sides; as, a three-sided stem, leaf, petiole, peduncle, scape, or pericarp.

Three-square

Three"-square` (?), a. Having a cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle; -- said especially of a kind of file.

Three-valved

Three"-valved` (?), a. Consisting of, or having, three valves; opening with three valves; as, a three-valved pericarp.

Three-way

Three"-way` (?), a. Connected with, or serving to connect, three channels or pipes; as, a three-way cock or valve.

Threne

Threne (?), n. [L. threnus, Gr. Drone.] Lamentation; threnody; a dirge. Shak.
The threns . . . of the prophet Jeremiah. Jer. Taylor.

Threnetic, Threnetical

Thre*net"ic (?), Thre*net"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Threne.] Pertaining to a threne; sorrowful; mournful.

Threnode

Thren"ode (?), n. A threne, or threnody; a dirge; a funeral song.

Threnodist

Thren"o*dist (?), n. One who composes, delivers, or utters, a threnode, or threnody.

Threnody

Thren"o*dy (?), n. [Gr. Threne, and Ode.] A song of lamentation; a threnode. Sir T. Herbert.

Threpe

Threpe (?), v. t. [See Threap.] To call; to term. [Obs.] "Luna silver we threpe." Chaucer.

Threpsology

Threp*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Med.) The doctrine of nutrition; a treatise on nutrition.

Thresh

Thresh (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Threshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threshing.] Same as Thrash.
He would thresh, and thereto dike and delve. Chaucer.

Thresher

Thresh"er (?), n. Same as Thrasher.

Thresh-fold

Thresh"-fold` (?), n. Threshold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Threshold

Thresh"old (?), n. [OE. threswold, þreshwold, AS. þrescwald, þerscwald, þerscold, þrescold, fr. þrescan, þerscan, to thresh; akin to Icel. þreskj\'94de, þr\'94skuldr, Sw. tr\'94skel, Dan. t\'91rskel. See Thrash.]

1. The plank, stone, or piece of timber, which lies under a door, especially of a dwelling house, church, temple, or the like; the doorsill; hence, entrance; gate; door.

2. Fig.: The place or point of entering or beginning, entrance; outset; as, the threshold of life.

Threshwold

Thresh"wold` (?), n. Threshold. [Obs.]

Threste

Threste (?), v. t. [imp. Threste; p. p. & Threst.] To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thretteen

Thret"teen` (?), a. Thirteen. [Obs. or Scot.]

Thretty

Thret"ty (?), a. Thirty. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns.

Threw

Threw (?), imp. of Throw.

Thribble

Thrib"ble (?), a. Triple; treble; threefold. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq.] Halliwell.

Thrice

Thrice (?), adv. [OE. thries; thrie thrice (AS. , ) + -s, the adverbal suffix. See Three, and -wards.]

1. Three times. "Thrice in vain." Spenser.

Verily I say unto thee. That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Matt. xxvi. 34.

2. In a threefold manner or degree; repeatedly; very.

Thrice noble lord, let me entreat of you To pardon me. Shak.
Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just. Shak.
&hand; Thrice is often used, generally with an intensive force, to form compounds which are usually of obvious meaning; as, in thrice-blessed, thrice-favored, thrice-hallowed, thrice-happy, thrice-told, and the like.

Thricecock

Thrice"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrid

Thrid (?), a. Third. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thrid

Thrid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Thridding.] [A variant of thread.]

1. To pass through in the manner of a thread or a needle; to make or find a course through; to thread.

Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair. Pope.
And now he thrids the bramble bush. J. R. Drake.
I began To thrid the musky-circled mazes. Tennyson.

2. To make or effect (a way or course) through something; as, to thrid one's way through a wood.

Thrid

Thrid, n. Thread; continuous line. [Archaic]
I resume the thrid of my discourse. Dryden.

Thrifallow

Thri"fal`low (?), v. t. See Thryfallow, and Trifallow. [R.] Tusser.

Thrift

Thrift (?), n. [Icel. . See Thrive.]

1. A thriving state; good husbandry; economical management in regard to property; frugality.

The rest, . . . willing to fall to thrift, prove very good husbands. Spenser.

2. Success and advance in the acquisition of property; increase of worldly goods; gain; prosperity. "Your thrift is gone full clean." Chaucer.

I have a mind presages me such thrift. Shak.

3. Vigorous growth, as of a plant.

4. (Bot.) One of several species of flowering plants of the genera Statice and Armeria.

Common thrift (Bot.), Armeria vulgaris; -- also called sea pink. Syn. -- Frugality; economy; prosperity; gain; profit.
Page 1503

Thriftity

Thrift"i*ty (?), adv.

1. In a thrifty manner.

2. Carefully; properly; becomingly. [Obs.]

A young clerk . . . in Latin thriftily them gret [greeted]. Chaucer.

Thriftiness

Thrift"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being thrifty; thrift.

Thriftless

Thrift"less, a. Without thrift; not prudent or prosperous in money affairs. -- Thrift"less*ly, adv. -- Thrift"less*ness, n.

Thrifty

Thrift"y (?), a. [Compar. Thriftier (?); superl. Thriftiest.]

1. Given to, or evincing, thrift; characterized by economy and good menegement of property; sparing; frugal.

Her chaffer was so thrifty and so new. Chaucer.
I am glad he hath so much youth and vigor left, of which he hath not been thrifty. Swift.

2. Thriving by industry and frugality; prosperous in the acquisition of worldly goods; increasing in wealth; as, a thrifty farmer or mechanic.

3. Growing rapidly or vigorously; thriving; as, a thrifty plant or colt.

4. Secured by thrift; well husbanded. [R.]

I have five hundred crowns, The thrifty hire I saved under your father. Shak.

5. Well appearing; looking or being in good condition; becoming. [Obs.]

I sit at home, I have no thrifty cloth. Chaucer.
Syn. -- Frugal; sparing; economical; saving; careful.

Thrill

Thrill (?), n. [See Trill.] A warbling; a trill.

Thrill

Thrill, n. [AS. an aperture. See Thrill, v. t.] A breathing place or hole; a nostril, as of a bird.

Thrill

Thrill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrilling.] [OE. thrillen, , , to pierce; all probably fr. AS. , , Fr. pierced; as a noun, a hole, fr. through; probably akin to D. drillen to drill, to bore. \'fb53. See Through, and cf. Drill to bore, Nostril, Trill to trickle.]

1. To perforate by a pointed instrument; to bore; to transfix; to drill. [Obs.]

He pierced through his chafed chest With thrilling point of deadly iron brand. Spenser.

2. Hence, to affect, as if by something that pierces or pricks; to cause to have a shivering, throbbing, tingling, or exquisite sensation; to pierce; to penetrate.

To bathe in flery floods, or to reside In thrilling region of thick-ribbed ice. Shak.
The cruel word her tender heart so thrilled, That sudden cold did run through every vein. Spenser.

3. To hurl; to throw; to cast. [Obs.]

I'll thrill my javelin. Heywood.

Thrill

Thrill, v. i.

1. To pierce, as something sharp; to penetrate; especially, to cause a tingling sensation that runs through the system with a slight shivering; as, a sharp sound thrills through the whole frame.

I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins. Shak.

2. To feel a sharp, shivering, tingling, or exquisite sensation, running through the body.

To seek sweet safety out In vaults and prisons, and to thrill and shake. Shak.

Thrill

Thrill, n.

1. A drill. See 3d Drill, 1.

2. A sensation as of being thrilled; a tremulous excitement; as, a thrill of horror; a thrill of joy. Burns.

Thrillant

Thrill"ant (?), a. Piercing; sharp; thrilling. [Obs.] "His thrillant spear." Spenser.

Thrilling

Thrill"ing, a. Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance. -- Thrill"ing*ly, adv. -- Thrill"ing*ness, n.

Thring

Thring (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Throng (?).] [AS. . See Throng.] To press, crowd, or throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thrips

Thrips (?), n. [L., a woodworm, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous small species of Thysanoptera, especially those which attack useful plants, as the grain thrips (Thrips cerealium). &hand; The term is also popularly applied to various other small injurious insects.

Thrist

Thrist (?), n. Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser.

Thrittene

Thrit"tene` (?), a. Thirteen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thrive

Thrive (?), v. i. [imp. Throve (?) or Thrived (; p. p. Thrived or Thriven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Thriving.] [OE. , Icel. ; probably originally, to grasp for one's self, from to grasp; akin to Dan. trives to thrive, Sw. trifvas. Cf. Thrift.]

1. To posper by industry, economy, and good management of property; to increase in goods and estate; as, a farmer thrives by good husbandry.

Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches of the understanding, as well as in gold. I. Watts.

2. To prosper in any business; to have increase or success. "They by vices thrive." Sandys.

O son, why sit we here, each other viewing Idly, while Satan, our great author, thrives? Milton.
And so she throve and prospered. Tennyson.

3. To increase in bulk or stature; to grow vigorously or luxuriantly, as a plant; to flourish; as, young cattle thrive in rich pastures; trees thrive in a good soil.

Thriven

Thriv"en (?), p. p. of Thrive.

Thriver

Thriv"er (?), n. One who thrives, or prospers.

Thrivingly

Thriv"ing*ly, adv. In a thriving manner.

Thrivingness

Thriv"ing*ness, n. The quality or condition of one who thrives; prosperity; growth; increase.

Thro'

Thro' (?). A contraction of Through.

Throat

Throat (?), n. [OE. throte, AS. , ; akin to OHG. drozza, G. drossel; cf. OFries. & D. stort. Cf. Throttle.]

1. (Anat.) (a) The part of the neck in front of, or ventral to, the vertebral column. (b) Hence, the passage through it to the stomach and lungs; the pharynx; -- sometimes restricted to the fauces.

I can vent clamor from my throat. Shak.

2. A contracted portion of a vessel, or of a passage way; as, the throat of a pitcher or vase.

3. (Arch.) The part of a chimney between the gathering, or portion of the funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue. Gwilt.

4. (Naut.) (a) The upper fore corner of a boom-and-gaff sail, or of a staysail. (b) That end of a gaff which is next the mast. (c) The angle where the arm of an anchor is joined to the shank. Totten.

5. (Shipbuilding) The inside of a timber knee.

6. (Bot.) The orifice of a tubular organ; the outer end of the tube of a monopetalous corolla; the faux, or fauces.

Vivid and picturesque turns of expression which thrill the M. Arnold.
Throat brails (Naut.), brails attached to the gaff close to the mast. -- Throat halyards (Naut.), halyards that raise the throat of the gaff. -- Throat pipe (Anat.), the windpipe, or trachea. -- To give one the lie in his throat, to accuse one pointedly of lying abominably. -- To lie in one's throat, to lie flatly or abominably.

Throat

Throat, v. t.

1. To utter in the throat; to mutter; as, to throat threats. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. To mow, as beans, in a direction against their bending. [Prov. Eng.]

Throatband

Throat"band` (?), n. Same as Throatlatch.

Throatboll

Throat"boll` (?), n. [Throat + boll a ball.] The Adam's apple in the neck. [Obs. or R.]
By the throatboll he caught Aleyn. Chaucer.

Throating

Throat"ing, n. (Arch.) A drip, or drip molding.

Throatlatch

Throat"latch` (?), n. A strap of a bridle, halter, or the like, passing under a horse's throat.

Throatwort

Throat"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Campanula Trachelium) formerly considered a remedy for sore throats because of its throat-shaped corolla.

Throaty

Throat"y (?), a. Guttural; hoarse; having a guttural voice. "Hard, throaty words." Howell.

Throb

Throb (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Throbbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throbbing.] [OE. ; of uncertain origin; cf. Russ. trepete a trembling, and E. trepidation.] To beat, or pulsate, with more than usual force or rapidity; to beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate; -- said of the heart, pulse, etc.
My heart Throbs to know one thing. Shak.
Here may his head lie on my throbbing breast. Shak.

Throb

Throb, n. A beat, or strong pulsation, as of the heart and arteries; a violent beating; a papitation:
The IMPATIENT throbs and longings of a soul That pants and reaches after distant good. Addison.

Throdden

Throd"den (?), v. i. [Prov. E. throdden, throddle, fat, thriving; cf. Icel. throask to grow.] To grow; to thrive. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Throe

Throe (?), n. [OE. , , AS. a threatening, oppression, suffering, perhaps influenced by Icel. a throe, a pang, a longing; cf. AS. to suffer.]

1. Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony; especially, one of the pangs of travail in childbirth, or purturition.

Prodogious motion felt, and rueful throes. Milton.

2. A tool for splitting wood into shingles; a frow.

Throe

Throe, v. i. To struggle in extreme pain; to be in agony; to agonize.

Throe

Throe, v. t. To put in agony. [R.] Shak.

Thrombosis

Throm*bo"sis (?), n. [NL. See Thrombus.] (Med.) The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot formed at the site of obstruction; -- distinguished from embolism, which is produced by a clot or foreign body brought from a distance. -- Throm*bot"ic (#), a.

Thrombus

Throm"bus (?), n.; pl. Thrombi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) A clot of blood formed of a passage of a vessel and remaining at the site of coagulation. (b) A tumor produced by the escape of blood into the subcutaneous cellular tissue.

Throne

Throne (?), n. [OE. trone, F. tr\'93ne, L. thronus, Gr. dhara&nsdot;a supporting, dh&rsdot; to hold fast, carry, and E. firm, a.]

1. A chair of state, commonly a royal seat, but sometimes the seat of a prince, bishop, or other high dignitary.

The noble king is set up in his throne. Chaucer.
High on a throne of royal state. Milton.

2. Hence, sovereign power and dignity; also, the one who occupies a throne, or is invested with sovereign authority; an exalted or dignified personage.

Only in the throne will I be greater than thou. Gen. xli. 40.
To mold a mighty state's decrees, And shape the whisper of the throne. Tennyson.

3. pl. A high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy; -- a meaning given by the schoolmen. Milton.

Great Sire! whom thrones celestial ceaseless sing. Young.

Throne

Throne, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throning.]

1. To place on a royal seat; to enthrone. Shak.

2. To place in an elevated position; to give sovereignty or dominion to; to exalt.

True image of the Father, whether throned In the bosom of bliss, and light of light. Milton.

Throne

Throne (?), v. i. To be in, or sit upon, a throne; to be placed as if upon a throne. Shak.

Throneless

Throne"less, a. Having no throne.

Throng

Throng (?), n. [OE. þrong, þrang, AS. geþrang, fr. þringan to crowd, to press; akin to OS. thringan, D. & G. dringen, OHG. dringan, Icel. þryngva, þr\'94ngva, Goth. þriehan, D. & G. drang a throng, press, Icel. þr\'94ng a throng, Lith. trenkti to jolt, tranksmas a tumult. Cf. Thring.]

1. A multitude of persons or of living beings pressing or pressed into a close body or assemblage; a crowd.

2. A great multitude; as, the heavenly throng. Syn. -- Throng, Multitude, Crowd. Any great number of persons form a multitude; a throng is a large number of persons who are gathered or are moving together in a collective body; a crowd is composed of a large or small number of persons who press together so as to bring their bodies into immediate or inconvenient contact. A dispersed multitude; the throngs in the streets of a city; the crowd at a fair or a street fight. But these distinctions are not carefully observed.

So, with this bold opposer rushes on This many-headed monster, multitude. Daniel.
Not to know me argues yourselves unknown, The lowest of your throng. Milton.
I come from empty noise, and tasteless pomp, From crowds that hide a monarch from himself. Johnson.

Throng

Throng, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thronged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thronging.] To crowd together; to press together into a close body, as a multitude of persons; to gather or move in multitudes.
I have seen the dumb men throng to see him. Shak.

Throng

Throng, v. t.

1. To crowd, or press, as persons; to oppress or annoy with a crowd of living beings.

Much people followed him, and thronged him. Mark v. 24.

2. To crowd into; to fill closely by crowding or pressing into, as a hall or a street. Shak.

Throng

Throng, a. Thronged; crowded; also, much occupied; busy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Sanderson.
To the intent the sick . . . should not lie too throng. Robynson (More's Utopia).

Throngly

Throng"ly, adv. In throngs or crowds. [Obs.]

Throp

Throp (?), n. A thorp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thropple

Throp"ple (?), n. [Cf. Thrapple, and see Throttle.] The windpipe. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Thropple

Throp"ple, v. t. To throttle. [Prov. Eng.]

Throstle

Thros"tle (?), n. [OE. throsel, AS. , ; akin to MHG. trostel, G. drossel, Icel. , Sw. trast, Lith. strazdas, L. turdus. \'fb238. Cf. Thrush the bird.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The song thrush. See under Song.

2. A machine for spinning wool, cotton, etc., from the rove, consisting of a set of drawing rollers with bobbins and flyers, and differing from the mule in having the twisting apparatus stationary and the processes continuous; -- so called because it makes a singing noise.

Throstle cock, the missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Throstling

Thros"tling (?), n. [Cf. Throttle.] A disease of bovine cattle, consisting of a swelling under the throat, which, unless checked, causes strangulation.

Throttle

Throt"tle (?), n. [Dim. of throat. See Throat.]

1. The windpipe, or trachea; the weasand. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Steam Engine) The throttle valve.

Throttle lever (Steam Engine), the hand lever by which a throttle valve is moved, especially in a locomotive. -- Throttle valve (Steam Engine), a valve moved by hand or by a governor for regulating the supply of steam to the steam chest. In one form it consists of a disk turning on a transverse axis.

Throttle

Throt"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throttled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throttling (?).]

1. To compress the throat of; to choke; to strangle.

Grant him this, and the Parliament hath no more freedom than if it sat in his noose, which, when he pleases to draw together with one twitch of his negative, shall throttle a whole nation, to the wish of Caligula, in one neck. Milton.

2. To utter with breaks and interruption, in the manner of a person half suffocated. [R.]

Throttle their practiced accent in their fears. Shak.

3. To shut off, or reduce flow of, as steam to an engine.

Throttle

Throt"tle, v. i.

1. To have the throat obstructed so as to be in danger of suffocation; to choke; to suffocate.

2. To breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated.

Throttler

Throt"tler (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, throttles, or chokes.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Flasher, 3 (b). [Prov. Eng.]

Through

Through (?), prep. [OE. thurgh, , , , AS. ; akin to OS. thurh, thuru, OFries. thruch, D. door, OHG. durh, duruh, G. durch, Goth. ; cf. Ir. tri, tre, W. trwy. \'fb53. Cf. Nostril, Thorough, Thrill.]

1. From end to end of, or from side to side of; from one surface or limit of, to the opposite; into and out of at the opposite, or at another, point; as, to bore through a piece of timber, or through a board; a ball passes through the side of a ship.

2. Between the sides or walls of; within; as, to pass through a door; to go through an avenue.

Through the gate of ivory he dismissed His valiant offspring. Dryden.

3. By means of; by the agency of.

Through these hands this science has passed with great applause. Sir W. Temple.
Material things are presented only through their senses. Cheyne.

4. Over the whole surface or extent of; as, to ride through the country; to look through an account.

5. Among or in the midst of; -- used to denote passage; as, a fish swims through the water; the light glimmers through a thicket.

6. From the beginning to the end of; to the end or conclusion of; as, through life; through the year.

Through

Through, adv.

1. From one end or side to the other; as, to pierce a thing through.

2. From beginning to end; as, to read a letter through.

3. To the end; to a conclusion; to the ultimate purpose; as, to carry a project through. &hand; Through was formerly used to form compound adjectives where we now use thorough; as, through-bred; through-lighted; through-placed, etc.

To drop through, to fall through; to come to naught; to fail. -- To fall through. See under Fall, v. i.
Page 1504

Through

Through (?), a. Going or extending through; going, extending, or serving from the beginning to the end; thorough; complete; as, a through line; a through ticket; a through train. Also, admitting of passage through; as, a through bridge. Through bolt, a bolt which passes through all the thickness or layers of that which it fastens, or in which it is fixed. -- Through bridge, a bridge in which the floor is supported by the lower chords of the tissues instead of the upper, so that travel is between the trusses and not over them. Cf. Deck bridge, under Deck. -- Through cold, a deep-seated cold. [Obs.] Holland. -- Through stone, a flat gravestone. [Scot.] [Written also through stane.] Sir W. Scott. -- Through ticket, a ticket for the whole journey. -- Through train, a train which goes the whole length of a railway, or of a long route.

Throughly

Through"ly, adv. Thoroughly. [Obs.] Bacon.
Wash me throughly from mine iniquity. Ps. li. 2.
To dare in fields is valor; but how few Dare to be throughly valiant to be true? Dryden.

Throughout

Through*out" (?), prep. Quite through; from one extremity to the other of; also, every part of; as, to search throughout the house.
Nor to their idle orbs doth sight appear Of sun, or moon, or star, throughout the year. Milton.

Throughout

Through*out", adv. In every part; as, the cloth was of a piece throughout.

Throve

Throve (?), imp. of Thrive.

Throw

Throw (?), n. [See Throe.] Pain; especially, pain of travail; throe. [Obs.] Spenser. Dryden.

Throw

Throw, n. [AS. , .] Time; while; space of time; moment; trice. [Obs.] Shak.
I will with Thomas speak a little throw. Chaucer.

Throw

Throw, v. t. [imp. Threw (?); p. p. Thrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throwing.] [OE. , , to throw, to twist, AS. to twist, to whirl; akin to D. draaijen, G. drehen, OHG. dr\'bejan, L. terebra an auger, gimlet, Gr. Thread, Trite, Turn, v. t.]

1. To fling, cast, or hurl with a certain whirling motion of the arm, to throw a ball; -- distinguished from to toss, or to bowl.

2. To fling or cast in any manner; to drive to a distance from the hand or from an engine; to propel; to send; as, to throw stones or dust with the hand; a cannon throws a ball; a fire engine throws a stream of water to extinguish flames.

3. To drive by violence; as, a vessel or sailors may be thrown upon a rock.

4. (Mil.) To cause to take a strategic position; as, he threw a detachment of his army across the river.

5. To overturn; to prostrate in wrestling; as, a man throws his antagonist.

6. To cast, as dice; to venture at dice.

Set less than thou throwest. Shak.

7. To put on hastily; to spread carelessly.

O'er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw. Pope.

8. To divest or strip one's self of; to put off.

There the snake throws her enameled skin. Shak.

9. (Pottery) To form or shape roughly on a throwing engine, or potter's wheel, as earthen vessels.

10. To give forcible utterance to; to cast; to vent.

I have thrown A brave defiance in King Henry's teeth. Shak.

11. To bring forth; to produce, as young; to bear; -- said especially of rabbits.

12. To twist two or more filaments of, as silk, so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; -- sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver. Tomlinson.

To throw away. (a) To lose by neglect or folly; to spend in vain; to bestow without a compensation; as, to throw away time; to throw away money. (b) To reject; as, to throw away a good book, or a good offer. -- To throw back. (a) To retort; to cast back, as a reply. (b) To reject; to refuse. (c) To reflect, as light. -- To throw by, to lay aside; to discard; to neglect as useless; as, to throw by a garment. -- To throw down, to subvert; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to throw down a fence or wall. -- To throw in. (a) To inject, as a fluid. (b) To put in; to deposit with others; to contribute; as, to throw in a few dollars to help make up a fund; to throw in an occasional comment. (c) To add without enumeration or valuation, as something extra to clinch a bargain. -- To throw off. (a) To expel; to free one's self from; as, to throw off a disease. (b) To reject; to discard; to abandon; as, to throw off all sense of shame; to throw off a dependent. (c) To make a start in a hunt or race. [Eng.]<-- (d) To emit. Same as throw out (e). (e) To disconcert or confuse. Same as to throw out (f). --> -- To throw on, to cast on; to load. -- To throw one's self down, to lie down neglectively or suddenly. -- To throw one's self on ∨ upon. (a) To fall upon. (b) To resign one's self to the favor, clemency, or sustain power of (another); to repose upon. -- To throw out. (a) To cast out; to reject or discard; to expel. "The other two, whom they had thrown out, they were content should enjoy their exile." Swift. "The bill was thrown out." Swift. (b) To utter; to give utterance to; to speak; as, to throw out insinuation or observation. "She throws out thrilling shrieks." Spenser. (c) To distance; to leave behind. Addison. (d) To cause to project; as, to throw out a pier or an abutment. (e) To give forth; to emit; as, an electric lamp throws out a brilliant light. (f) To put out; to confuse; as, a sudden question often throws out an orator. -- To throw over, to abandon the cause of; to desert; to discard; as, to throw over a friend in difficulties. -- To throw up. (a) To resign; to give up; to demit; as, to throw up a commission. "Experienced gamesters throw up their cards when they know that the game is in the enemy's hand." Addison. (b) To reject from the stomach; to vomit. (c) To construct hastily; as, to throw up a breastwork of earth.

Throw

Throw (?), v. i. To perform the act of throwing or casting; to cast; specifically, to cast dice. To throw about, to cast about; to try expedients. [R.]

Throw

Throw, n.

1. The act of hurling or flinging; a driving or propelling from the hand or an engine; a cast.

He heaved a stone, and, rising to the throw, He sent it in a whirlwind at the foe. Addison.

2. A stroke; a blow. [Obs.]

Nor shield defend the thunder of his throws. Spenser.

3. The distance which a missile is, or may be, thrown; as, a stone's throw.

4. A cast of dice; the manner in which dice fall when cast; as, a good throw.

5. An effort; a violent sally. [Obs.]

Your youth admires The throws and swellings of a Roman soul. Addison.

6. (Mach.) The extreme movement given to a sliding or vibrating reciprocating piece by a cam, crank, eccentric, or the like; travel; stroke; as, the throw of a slide valve. Also, frequently, the length of the radius of a crank, or the eccentricity of an eccentric; as, the throw of the crank of a steam engine is equal to half the stroke of the piston.

7. (Pottery) A potter's wheel or table; a jigger. See 2d Jigger, 2 (a).

8. A turner's lathe; a throwe. [Prov. Eng.]

9. (Mining) The amount of vertical displacement produced by a fault; -- according to the direction it is designated as an upthrow, or a downthrow.

Throw-crook

Throw"-crook` (?), n. (Agric.) An instrument used for twisting ropes out of straw.

Throwe

Throwe (?), n. A turning lathe. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrower

Throw"er (?), n. One who throws. Specifically: (a) One who throws or twists silk; a throwster. (b) One who shapes vessels on a throwing engine.

Throwing

Throw"ing, a. & n. from Throw, v. Throwing engine, Throwing mill, Throwing table, ∨ Throwing wheel (Pottery), a machine on which earthenware is first rudely shaped by the hand of the potter from a mass of clay revolving rapidly on a disk or table carried by a vertical spindle; a potter's wheel.

Thrown

Thrown (?), a. & p. p. from Throw, v. Thrown silk, silk thread consisting of two or more singles twisted together like a rope, in a direction contrary to that in which the singles of which it is composed are twisted. M'Culloch. -- Thrown singles, silk thread or cord made by three processes of twisting, first into singles, two or more of which are twisted together making dumb singles, and several of these twisted together to make thrown singles.

Throw-off

Throw"-off` (?), n. A start in a hunt or a race. [Eng.]

Throwster

Throw"ster (?), n. [Throw + -ster.] One who throws or twists silk; a thrower.

Thru

Thru (?), prep., adv. & a. Through. [Ref. spelling.]

Thrum

Thrum (?), n. [OE. thrum, throm; akin to OD. drom, D. dreum, G. trumm, lump, end, fragment, OHG. drum end, Icel. edge, brim, and L. terminus a limit, term. Cf. Term.] [Written also thrumb.]

1. One of the ends of weaver's threads; hence, any soft, short threads or tufts resembling these.

2. Any coarse yarn; an unraveled strand of rope.

3. (Bot.) A threadlike part of a flower; a stamen.

4. (Mining) A shove out of place; a small displacement or fault along a seam.

5. (Naut.) A mat made of canvas and tufts of yarn.

Thrum cap, a knitted cap. Halliwell. -- Thrum hat, a hat made of coarse woolen cloth. Minsheu.

Thrum

Thrum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrumming.]

1. To furnish with thrums; to insert tufts in; to fringe.

Are we born to thrum caps or pick straw? Quarles.

2. (Naut.) To insert short pieces of rope-yarn or spun yarn in; as, to thrum a piece of canvas, or a mat, thus making a rough or tufted surface. Totten.

Thrum

Thrum, v. i. [CF. Icel. to rattle, to thunder, and E. drum.]

1. To play rudely or monotonously on a stringed instrument with the fingers; to strum.

2. Hence, to make a monotonous drumming noise; as, to thrum on a table.

Thrum

Thrum, v. t.

1. To play, as a stringed instrument, in a rude or monotonous manner.

2. Hence, to drum on; to strike in a monotonous manner; to thrum the table.

Thrum-eyed

Thrum"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the anthers raised above the stigma, and visible at the throat of the corolla, as in long-stamened primroses; -- the reverse of pin-eyed.

Thrummy

Thrum"my (?), a. Like thrums; made of, furnished with, or characterized by, thrums. Dampier.
On her head thrummy cap she had. Chalkhill.

Thrumwort

Thrum"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of amaranth (Amarantus caudatus). Dr. Prior.

Thruout

Thru*out" (?). Throughout. [Ref. spelling.]

Thrush

Thrush (?), n. [OE. þrusche, AS. þrysce; akin to OHG. drosca, droscea, droscela, and E. throstle. Cf. Throstle.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of singing birds belonging to Turdus and allied genera. They are noted for the sweetness of their songs. &hand; Among the best-known European species are the song thrush or throstle (Turdus musicus), the missel thrush (see under Missel), the European redwing, and the blackbird. The most important American species are the wood thrush (Turdus mustelinus), Wilson's thrush (T. fuscescens), the hermit thrush (see under Hermit), Swainson's thrush (T. Alici\'91), and the migratory thrush, or American robin (see Robin).

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of singing birds more or less resembling the true thrushes in appearance or habits; as the thunderbird and the American brown thrush (or thrasher). See Brown thrush.

Ant thrush. See Ant thrush, Breve, and Pitta. -- Babbling thrush, any one of numerous species of Asiatic timaline birds; -- called also babbler. -- Fruit thrush, any species of bulbul. -- Shrike thrush. See under Shrike. -- Stone thrush, the missel thrush; -- said to be so called from its marbled breast. -- Thrush nightingale. See Nightingale, 2. -- Thrush tit, any one of several species of Asiatic singing birds of the genus Cochoa. They are beautifully colored birds allied to the tits, but resembling thrushes in size and habits. -- Water thrush. (a) The European dipper. (b) An American warbler (Seiurus Noveboracensis).

Thrush

Thrush (?), n. [Akin to Dan. tr\'94ske, Sw. trosk; cf. Dan. t\'94r dry, Sw. torr, Icel. , AS. , OE. thrust thrist, E. thrist.]

1. (Med.) An affection of the mouth, fauces, etc., common in newly born children, characterized by minute ulcers called aphth\'91. See Aphth\'91.

2. (Far.) An inflammatory and suppurative affection of the feet in certain animals. In the horse it is in the frog.

Thrushel

Thrush"el (?), n. The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrusher

Thrush"er (?), n. The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.]

Thrust

Thrust (?), n. & v. Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser.

Thrust

Thrust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrust (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrusting.] [OE. , , , Icel. to thrust, press, force, compel; perhaps akin to E. threat.]

1. To push or drive with force; to drive, force, or impel; to shove; as, to thrust anything with the hand or foot, or with an instrument.

Into a dungeon thrust, to work with slaves. Milton.

2. To stab; to pierce; -- usually with through.

To thrust away ∨ from, to push away; to reject. -- To thrust in, to push or drive in. -- To thrust off, to push away. -- To thrust on, to impel; to urge. -- To thrust one's self in ∨ into, to obtrude upon, to intrude, as into a room; to enter (a place) where one is not invited or not welcome. -- To thrust out, to drive out or away; to expel. -- To thrust through, to pierce; to stab. "I am eight times thrust through the doublet." Shak. -- To thrust together, to compress.

Thrust

Thrust, v. i.

1. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist.

2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in.

And thrust between my father and the god. Dryden.

3. To push forward; to come with force; to press on; to intrude. "Young, old, thrust there in mighty concourse." Chapman.

To thrust to, to rush upon. [Obs.]
As doth an eager hound Thrust to an hind within some covert glade. Spenser.

Thrust

Thrust, n.

1. A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon moved in the direction of its length, or with the hand or foot, or with any instrument; a stab; -- a word much used as a term of fencing.

[Polites] Pyrrhus with his lance pursues, And often reaches, and his thrusts renews. Dryden.

2. An attack; an assault.

One thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism. Dr. H. More.

3. (Mech.) The force or pressure of one part of a construction against other parts; especially (Arch.), a horizontal or diagonal outward pressure, as of an arch against its abutments, or of rafters against the wall which support them.

4. (Mining) The breaking down of the roof of a gallery under its superincumbent weight.

Thrust bearing (Screw Steamers), a bearing arranged to receive the thrust or endwise pressure of the screw shaft. -- Thrust plane (Geol.), the surface along which dislocation has taken place in the case of a reversed fault. Syn. -- Push; shove; assault; attack. Thrust, Push, Shove. Push and shove usually imply the application of force by a body already in contact with the body to be impelled. Thrust, often, but not always, implies the impulse or application of force by a body which is in motion before it reaches the body to be impelled.

Thruster

Thrust"er (?), n. One who thrusts or stabs.

Thrusting

Thrust"ing, n.

1. The act of pushing with force.

2. (Dairies) (a) The act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel the whey. (b) pl. The white whey, or that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and of which butter is sometimes made. [Written also thrutchthings.] [Prov. Eng.]

Thrusting screw, the screw of a screw press, as for pressing curd in making cheese. [R.]

Thrustle

Thrus"tle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The throstle, or song thrust. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
When he heard the thrustel sing. Chaucer.

Thryes

Thryes (?), a. Thrice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thryfallow

Thry"fal`low (?), v. t. [Perhaps fr. thrice + fallow. Cf. Trifallow.] To plow for the third time in summer; to trifallow. [R.] [Written also thrifallow.] Tusser.

Thud

Thud (?), n. [Cf. AS. a whirlwind, violent wind, or E. thump.] A dull sound without resonance, like that produced by striking with, or striking against, some comparatively soft substance; also, the stroke or blow producing such sound; as, the thrud of a cannon ball striking the earth.
At every new thud of the blast, a sob arose. Jeffrey.
At intervals there came some tremendous thud on the side of the steamer. C. Mackay.

Thug

Thug (?), n. [Hind. thag a deceiver, robber.] One of an association of robbers and murderers in India who practiced murder by stealthy approaches, and from religious motives. They have been nearly exterminated by the British government.

Thuggee

Thug*gee" (?), n. [Hind. .] The practice of secret or stealthy murder by Thugs. "One of the suppressors of Thuggee." J. D. Hooker.

Thuggery, Thuggism

Thug"ger*y (?), Thug"gism (?), n. Thuggee.
Page 1505

Thuja

Thu"ja (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of evergreen trees, thickly branched, remarkable for the distichous arrangement of their branches, and having scalelike, closely imbricated, or compressed leaves. [Written also thuya.] See Thyine wood. &hand; Thuja occidentalis is the Arbor vit\'91 of the Eastern and Northern United States. T. gigantea of North-waetern America is a very large tree, there called red cedar, and canoe cedar, and furnishes a useful timber. <-- thuja oil. cedar leaf oil. thujone. n. An oil, C10H16O, the chief constituent of cedar leaf oil. A stimulant similar to camphor. Also called thujol, thuyol, absinthol, thuyone, tanacetol, tanacetone. [Stedman 25]-->

Thule

Thu"le (?), n. [L. Thule, Thyle, Gr. The name given by ancient geographers to the northernmost part of the habitable world. According to some, this land was Norway, according to others, Iceland, or more probably Mainland, the largest of the Shetland islands; hence, the Latin phrase ultima Thule, farthest Thule.

Thulia

Thu"li*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Oxide of thulium.

Thulium

Thu"li*um (?), n. [NL. See Thule.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of uncertain properties and identity, said to have been found in the mineral gadolinite.

Thumb

Thumb (?), n. [OE. thombe, thoumbe, , AS. ; akin to OFries. th, D. duim, G. daumen, OHG. d, Icel. , Dan. tommelfinger, Sw. tunne, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell. \'fb56. Cf. Thimble, Tumid.] The short, thick first digit of the human hand, differing from the other fingers in having but two phalanges; the pollex. See Pollex.
Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. Chaucer.
Thumb band, a twist of anything as thick as the thumb. Mortimer. -- Thumb blue, indigo in the form of small balls or lumps, used by washerwomen to blue linen, and the like. -- Thumb latch, a door latch having a lever formed to be pressed by the thumb. -- Thumb mark. (a) The mark left by the impression of a thumb, as on the leaves of a book. Longfellow. (b) The dark spot over each foot in finely bred black and tan terriers. -- Thumb nut, a nut for a screw, having wings to grasp between the thumb and fingers in turning it; also, a nut with a knurled rim for the same perpose. -- Thumb ring, a ring worn on the thumb. Shak. -- Thumb stall. (a) A kind of thimble or ferrule of iron, or leather, for protecting the thumb in making sails, and in other work. (b) (Mil.) A buckskin cushion worn on the thumb, and used to close the vent of a cannon while it is sponged, or loaded. -- Under one's thumb, completely under one's power or influence; in a condition of subservience. [Colloq.]

Thumb

Thumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thumbing (?).]

1. To handle awkwardly. Johnson.

2. To play with the thumbs, or with the thumbs and fingers; as, to thumb over a tune.

3. To soil or wear with the thumb or the fingers; to soil, or wear out, by frequent handling; also, to cover with the thumb; as, to thumb the touch-hole of a cannon.

He gravely informed the enemy that all his cards had been thumbed to pieces, and begged them to let him have a few more packs. Macaulay.

Thumb

Thumb, v. i. To play with the thumb or thumbs; to play clumsily; to thrum.

Thumbbird

Thumb"bird` (?), n. The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.]

Thumbed

Thumbed (?), a.

1. Having thumbs.

2. Soiled by handling.

Thumbkin

Thumb"kin (?), n. An instrument of torture for compressing the thumb; a thumbscrew.

Thumbless

Thumb"less, a. Without a thumb. Darwin.

Thumbscrew

Thumb"screw` (?), n.

1. A screw having a flat-sided or knurled head, so that it may be turned by the thumb and forefinger.

2. An old instrument of torture for compressing the thumb by a screw; a thumbkin.

Thummie

Thum"mie (?), n. The chiff-chaff. [Prov. Eng.]

Thummim

Thum"mim (?), n. pl. [Heb., pl. of th\'d3m perfection.] A mysterious part or decoration of the breastplate of the Jewish high priest. See the note under Urim.

Thump

Thump (?), n. [Probably of imitative origin; perhaps influenced by dump, v.t.]

1. The sound made by the sudden fall or blow of a heavy body, as of a hammer, or the like.

The distant forge's swinging thump profound. Wordsworth.
With heavy thump, a lifeless lump, They dropped down, one by one. Coleridge.

2. A blow or knock, as with something blunt or heavy; a heavy fall.

The watchman gave so great a thump at my door, that I awaked at the knock. Tatler.

Thump

Thump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thumping.] To strike or beat with something thick or heavy, or so as to cause a dull sound.
These bastard Bretons; whom our hathers Have in their own land beaten, bobbed, and thumped. Shak.

Thump

Thump, v. i. To give a thump or thumps; to strike or fall with a heavy blow; to pound.
A watchman at midnight thumps with his pole. Swift.

Thumper

Thump"er (?), n. One who, or that which, thumps.

Thumping

Thump"ing, a. Heavy; large. [Colloq.]

Thunder

Thun"der (?), n. [OE. , , , AS. ; akin to to stretch, to thunder, D. donder thunder, G. donner, OHG. donar, Icel. Thor, L. tonare to thunder, tonitrus thunder, Gr. tan to stretch. \'fb52. See Thin, and cf. Astonish, Detonate, Intone, Thursday, Tone.]

1. The sound which follows a flash of lightning; the report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity.

2. The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt. [Obs.]

The revenging gods 'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend. Shak.

3. Any loud noise; as, the thunder of cannon.

4. An alarming or statrling threat or denunciation.

The thunders of the Vatican could no longer strike into the heart of princes. Prescott.
Thunder pumper. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The croaker (Haploidontus grunniens). (b) The American bittern or stake-driver. -- Thunder rod, a lightning rod. [R.] -- Thunder snake. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chicken, or milk, snake. (b) A small reddish ground snake (Carphophis, ∨ Celuta, am\'d2na) native to the Eastern United States; -- called also worm snake. -- Thunder tube, a fulgurite. See Fulgurite.

Thunder

Thun"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thundering.] [AS. . See Thunder, n.]

1. To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of atmospheric electricity; -- often used impersonally; as, it thundered continuously.

Canst thou thunder with a voice like him? Job xl. 9.

2. Fig.: To make a loud noise; esp. a heavy sound, of some continuance.

His dreadful voice no more Would thunder in my ears. Milton.

3. To utter violent denunciation.

Thunder

Thun"der, v. t. To emit with noise and terror; to utter vehemently; to publish, as a threat or denunciation.
Oracles severe Were daily thundered in our general's ear. Dryden.
An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an ecclesiastical censure. Ayliffe.

Thunderbird

Thun"der*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian insectivorous singing bird (Pachycephala gutturalis). The male is conspicuously marked with black and yellow, and has a black crescent on the breast. Called also white-throated thickhead, orange-breasted thrust, black-crowned thrush, guttural thrush, and black-breasted flycatcher.

Thunderbolt

Thun"der*bolt` (?), n.

1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the earth.

2. Something resembling lightning in suddenness and effectiveness.

The Scipios' worth, those thunderbolts of war. Dryden.

3. Vehement threatening or censure; especially, ecclesiastical denunciation; fulmination.

He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication. Hakewill.

4. (Paleon.) A belemnite, or thunderstone.

Thunderbolt beetle (Zo\'94l.), a long-horned beetle (Arhopalus fulminans) whose larva bores in the trunk of oak and chestnut trees. It is brownish and bluish-black, with W-shaped whitish or silvery markings on the elytra.

Thunderburst

Thun"der*burst` (?), n. A burst of thunder.

Thunderclap

Thun"der*clap` (?), n. A sharp burst of thunder; a sudden report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity. "Thunderclaps that make them quake." Spenser.
When suddenly the thunderclap was heard. Dryden.

Thundercloud

Thun"der*cloud` (?), n. A cloud charged with electricity, and producing lightning and thunder.

Thunderer

Thun"der*er (?), n. One who thunders; -- used especially as a translation of L. tonans, an epithet applied by the Romans to several of their gods, esp. to Jupiter.
That dreadful oath which binds the Thunderer. Pope.

Thunderfish

Thun"der*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large European loach (Misgurnus fossilis).

Thunderhead

Thun"der*head` (?), n. A rounded mass of cloud, with shining white edges; a cumulus, -- often appearing before a thunderstorm.

Thundering

Thun"der*ing, a.

1. Emitting thunder.

Roll the thundering chariot o'er the ground. J. Trumbull.

2. Very great; -- often adverbially. [Slang] -- Thun"der*ing*ly, adv.

Thundering

Thun"der*ing, n. Thunder. Rev. iv. 5.

Thunderless

Thun"der*less, a. Without thunder or noise.

Thunderous

Thun"der*ous (?), a. [Written also thundrous.]

1. Producing thunder. [R.]

How he before the thunderous throne doth lie. Milton.

2. Making a noise like thunder; sounding loud and deep; sonorous. -- Thun"der*ous*ly, adv.

Thunderproof

Thun"der*proof` (?), a. Secure against the effects of thunder or lightning.

Thundershower

Thun"der*show`er (?), n. A shower accompanied with lightning and thunder.

Thunderstone

Thun"der*stone` (?), n.

1. A thunderbolt, -- formerly believed to be a stone.

Fear no more the lightning flash, Nor the all-dreaded thunderstone. Shak.

2. (Paleon.) A belemnite. See Belemnite.

Thunderstorm

Thun"der*storm` (?), n. A storm accompanied with lightning and thunder.

Thunderstrike

Thun"der*strike` (?), v. t. [imp. Thunderstruck (?); p. p. Thunderstruck, -strucken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Thunderstriking.]

1. To strike, blast, or injure by, or as by, lightning. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To astonish, or strike dumb, as with something terrible; -- rarely used except in the past participle.

drove before him, thunderstruck. Milton.

Thunderworm

Thun"der*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, footless, burrowing, snakelike lizard (Rhineura Floridana) allied to Amphisb\'91na, native of Florida; -- so called because it leaves its burrows after a thundershower.

Thundery

Thun"der*y (?), a. Accompanied with thunder; thunderous. [R.] "Thundery weather." Pennant.

Thundrous

Thun"drous (?), a. Thunderous; sonorous. "Scraps of thunderous epic." Tennyson.

Thunny

Thun"ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tunny. [R.]

Thurgh

Thurgh (?), prep. Through. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Thurghfare

Thurgh"fare` (?), n. Thoroughfare. [Obs.]
This world is but a thurghfare full of woe. Chaucer.

Thurible

Thu"ri*ble (?), n. [L. thuribulum, turibulum, from thus, thuris, or better tus, turis, frankincense, fr. Gr. (R. C. Ch.) A censer of metal, for burning incense, having various forms, held in the hand or suspended by chains; -- used especially at mass, vespers, and other solemn services. Fairholt.

Thuriferous

Thu*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. thurifer, turifer; thus frankincense + -ferre to bear.] Producing or bearing frankincense.

Thurification

Thu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. thus incense + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of fuming with incense, or the act of burning incense.

Thuringian

Thu*rin"gi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thuringia, a country in Germany, or its people. -- n. A native, or inhabitant of Thuringia.

Thuringite

Thu*rin"gite (?), n. [From Thuringia, where it is found.] (Min.) A mineral occurring as an aggregation of minute scales having an olive-green color and pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and iron.

Thurl

Thurl (?), n. [AS. a hole. \'fb53. See Thirl, Thrill.]

1. A hole; an aperture. [Obs.]

2. (Mining) (a) A short communication between adits in a mine. (b) A long adit in a coalpit.

Thurl

Thurl, v. t. [See Thrill.]

1. To cut through; to pierce. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. (Mining) To cut through, as a partition between one working and another.

Thurling

Thurl"ing, n. (Mining) Same as Thurl, n., 2 (a).

Thurrok

Thur"rok (?), n. [AS. a boat.] The hold of a ship; a sink. [Obs.]
Small drops of water that enter through a little crevice into the thurrok and into the bottom of a ship. Chaucer.

Thursday

Thurs"day (?), n. [OE. , , from the Scand. name Thor + E. day. Icel. Thor, the god of thunder, is akin to AS. thunder; D. Donderdag Thursday, G. Donnerstag, Icel. , Sw. & Dan. Torsdag. \'fb52. See Thor, Thunder, and Day.] The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding Friday. Holy Thursday. See under Holy.

Thurst

Thurst (?), n. (Coal Mining) The ruins of the fallen roof resulting from the removal of the pillars and stalls. Raymond.

Thus

Thus (?), n. [L. thus, better tus, frankincense. See Thurible.] The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long-leaved pine, and other conifers.

Thus

Thus (?), adv. [OE. thus, AS. ; akin to OFries. & OS. thus, D. dus, and E. that; cf. OHG. sus. See That.]

1. In this or that manner; on this wise.

Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he. Gen. vi. 22.
Thus God the heaven created, thus the earth. Milton.

2. To this degree or extent; so far; so; as, thus wise; thus peaceble; thus bold. Shak.

Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds. Milton.

Thussock

Thus"sock (?), n. See Tussock. [Obs.]

Thuya

Thu"ya (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Thuja.

Thuyin

Thu"yin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance extracted from trees of the genus Thuja, or Thuya, and probably identical with quercitrin. [Written also thujin.]

Thwack

Thwack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thwacking.] [Cf. OE. thakken to stroke, AS. , E. whack.]

1. To strike with something flat or heavy; to bang, or thrash: to thump. "A distant thwacking sound." W. Irving.

2. To fill to overflow. [Obs.] Stanyhurst.

Thwack

Thwack, n. A heavy blow with something flat or heavy; a thump.
With many a stiff thwack, many a bang, Hard crab tree and old iron rang. Hudibras.

Thwaite

Thwaite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The twaite.

Thwaite

Thwaite, n. [CF. Icel. a piece of land, fr. to cut. See Thwite, and cf. Doit, and Twaite land cleared of woods.] Forest land cleared, and converted to tillage; an assart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] &hand; Thwaite occurs in composition as the last element in many names of places in the north of England; as, in Rosthwaite, Stonethwaite.

Thwart

Thwart (?), a. [OE. , , a. and adv., Icel. , neut. of athwart, transverse, across; akin to AS. perverse, transverse, cross, D. dwars, OHG. dwerah, twerh, G. zwerch, quer, Dan. & Sw. tver athwart, transverse, Sw. tv\'84r cross, unfriendly, Goth. angry. Cf. Queer.]

1. Situated or placed across something else; transverse; oblique.

Moved contrary with thwart obliquities. Milton.

2. Fig.: Perverse; crossgrained. [Obs.] Shak.

Thwart

Thwart, adv. [See Thwart, a.] Thwartly; obliquely; transversely; athwart. [Obs.] Milton.

Thwart

Thwart, prep. Across; athwart. Spenser. Thwart ships. See Athwart ships, under Athwart.

Thwart

Thwart, n. (Naut.) A seat in an open boat reaching from one side to the other, or athwart the boat.

Thwart

Thwart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwarted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thwarting.]

1. To move across or counter to; to cross; as, an arrow thwarts the air. [Obs.]

Swift as a shooting star In autumn thwarts the night. Milton.

2. To cross, as a purpose; to oppose; to run counter to; to contravene; hence, to frustrate or defeat.

If crooked fortune had not thwarted me. Shak.
The proposals of the one never thwarted the inclinations of the other. South.

Thwart

Thwart, v. i.

1. To move or go in an oblique or crosswise manner. [R.]

2. Hence, to be in opposition; to clash. [R.]

Any proposition . . . that shall at all thwart with internal oracles. Locke.

Thwarter

Thwart"er (?), n. (Far.) A disease in sheep, indicated by shaking, trembling, or convulsive motions.

Thwartingly

Thwart"ing*ly, adv. In a thwarting or obstructing manner; so as to thwart.

Thwartly

Thwart"ly, adv. Transversely; obliquely.

Thwartness

Thwart"ness, n. The quality or state of being thwart; obliquity; perverseness.
Page 1506

Thwite

Thwite (?), v. t. [AS. . See Whittle, and cf. Thwaite a piece of land.] To cut or clip with a knife; to whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

Thwittle

Thwit"tle (?), v. t. [See Thwite, and Whittle.] To cut or whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Palsgrave.

Thwittle

Thwit"tle, n. A small knife; a whittle. [Written also thwitel.] [Obs.] "A Sheffield thwittle." Chaucer.

Thy

Thy (?), pron. [OE. thi, shortened from thin. See Thine, Thou.] Of thee, or belonging to thee; the more common form of thine, possessive case of thou; -- used always attributively, and chiefly in the solemn or grave style, and in poetry. Thine is used in the predicate; as, the knife is thine. See Thine.
Our father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done. Matt. vi. 9,10.
These are thy glorious works, Parent of good. Milton.

Thyine wood

Thy"ine wood` (?). [Gr. (Bot.) The fragrant and beautiful wood of a North African tree (Callitris quadrivalvis), formerly called Thuja articulata. The tree is of the Cedar family, and furnishes a balsamic resin called sandarach. Rev. xviii. 12.

Thylacine

Thy"la*cine (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The zebra wolf. See under Wolf.

Thymate

Thym"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of thymol analogous to a salt; as, sodium thymate.

Thyme

Thyme (?), n. [OE. tyme, L. thymum, Gr. thym; -- perhaps so named because of its sweet smell. Cf. Fume, n.] (Bot.) Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus. The garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a warm, pungent aromatic, much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups.
Ankle deep in moss and flowery thyme. Cowper.
Cat thyme, a labiate plant (Teucrium Marum) of the Mediterranean religion. Cats are said to be fond of rolling on it. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Wild thyme, Thymus Serpyllum, common on banks and hillsides in Europe.
I know a bank where the wild thyme blows. Shak.

Thymene

Thym"ene (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid terpene obtained from oil of thyme.

Thymiatechny

Thym"i*a*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The art of employing perfumes in medicine. [R.] Dunglison.

Thymic

Thym"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thymus gland.

Thymic

Thy"mic (?), a. (Med. Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, thyme; as, thymic acid.

Thymol

Thym"ol (?), n. [Thyme + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of cymene, C10H13.OH, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties; -- called also hydroxy cymene.

Thymus

Thy"mus (?), a. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the thymus gland. -- n. The thymus gland. Thymus gland, ∨ Thymus body, a ductless gland in the throat, or in the neighboring region, of nearly all vertebrates. In man and other mammals it is the throat, or neck, sweetbread, which lies in the upper part of the thorax and lower part of the throat. It is largest in fetal and early life, and disappears or becomes rudimentary in the adult.

Thymy

Thym"y (?), a. Abounding with thyme; fragrant; as, a thymy vale. Akenside.
Where'er a thymy bank he found, He rolled upon the fragrant ground. Gay.
<-- thyratron thyristor. -->

Thyro-

Thy"ro- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the thyroid body or the thyroid cartilage; as, thyrohyal.

Thyroarytenoid

Thy`ro*a*ryt"e*noid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx.

Thyrohyal

Thy`ro*hy"al (?), n. (Anat.) One of the lower segments in the hyoid arch, often consolidated with the body of the hyoid bone and forming one of its great horns, as in man.

Thyrohyoid

Thy`ro*hy"oid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and the hyoid arch.

Thyroid

Thy"roid (?), a. [Gr. thyro\'8bde, thyr\'82o\'8bde.]

1. Shaped like an oblong shield; shield-shaped; as, the thyroid cartilage.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid body, thyroid cartilage, or thyroid artery; thyroideal.

Thyroid cartilage. See under Larynx. -- Thyroid body, ∨ Thyroid gland (Anat.), a glandlike but ductless body, or pair of bodies, of unknown function, in the floor of the mouth or the region of the larynx. In man and most mammals it is a highly vascular organ, partly surrounding the base of the larynx and the upper part of the trachea.<-- produces thyroxine. --> -- Thyroid dislocation (Surg.), dislocation of the thigh bone into the thyroid foramen. -- Thyroid foramen, the obturator foramen.

Thyroideal

Thy*roid"e*al (?), a. (Anat.) Thyroid.

Thyrotomy

Thy*rot"o*my (?), n. [Thyro- + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the thyroid cartilage.

Thyrse

Thyrse (?), n. [Cf. F. thyrse.] A thyrsus.

Thyrsoid, Thyrsoidal

Thyr"soid (?), Thyr*soid"al (?), a. [Gr. thyrso\'8bde.] Having somewhat the form of a thyrsus.

Thyrsus

Thyr"sus (?), n.; pl. Thyrsi (#). [L., fr. Gr. Torso.]

1. A staff entwined with ivy, and surmounted by a pine cone, or by a bunch of vine or ivy leaves with grapes or berries. It is an attribute of Bacchus, and of the satyrs and others engaging in Bacchic rites.

A good to grow on graves As twist about a thyrsus. Mrs. Browning.
In my hand I bear The thyrsus, tipped with fragrant cones of pine. Longfellow.

2. (Bot.) A species of inflorescence; a dense panicle, as in the lilac and horse-chestnut.

Thysanopter

Thy`sa*nop"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Thysanoptera.

Thysanoptera

Thy`sa*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of insects, considered by some writers a distinct order, but regarded by others as belonging to the Hemiptera. They are all of small size, and have narrow, broadly fringed wings with rudimentary nervures. Most of the species feed upon the juices of plants, and some, as those which attack grain, are very injurious to crops. Called also Physopoda. See Thrips.

Thysanopteran

Thy`sa*nop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Thysanoptera.

Thysanopterous

Thy`sa*nop"ter*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Thysanoptera.

Thysanura

Thys`a*nu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of wingless hexapod insects which have setiform caudal appendages, either bent beneath the body to form a spring, or projecting as bristles. It comprises the Cinura, or bristletails, and the Collembola, or springtails. Called also Thysanoura. See Lepisma, and Podura.

Thysanuran

Thys`a*nu"ran (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Thysanura. Also used adjectively.

Thysanurous

Thys`a*nu"rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Thysanura.

Thysbe

Thys"be (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Thisbe maiden beloved by Pyramus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A common clearwing moth (Hemaris thysbe).

Thyself

Thy*self" (?), pron. An emphasized form of the personal pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with thou; as, thou thyself shalt go; that is, thou shalt go, and no other. It is sometimes used, especially in the predicate, without thou, and in the nominative as well as in the objective case.
Thyself shalt see the act. Shak.
Ere I do thee, thou to thyself wast cruel. Milton.

Tiar

Ti"ar (?), n. [Cf. F. tiare. See Tiara.] A tiara. [Poetic] Milton. Tennyson.

Tiara

Ti*a"ra (?), n. [L., from Gr.

1. A form of headdress worn by the ancient Persians. According to Xenophon, the royal tiara was encircled with a diadem, and was high and erect, while those of the people were flexible, or had rims turned over.

2. The pope's triple crown. It was at first a round, high cap, but was afterward encompassed with a crown, subsequently with a second, and finally with a third. Fig.: The papal dignity.

Tiaraed

Ti*a"raed (?), a. Adorned with, or wearing, a tiara.

Tib-cat

Tib"-cat` (?), n. A female cat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tibia

Tib"i*a (?), n.; pl. Tibi\'91 (#). [L.]

1. (Anat.) The inner, or preaxial, and usually the larger, of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The fourth joint of the leg of an insect. See Illust. under Coleoptera, and under Hexapoda.

3. (Antiq.) A musical instrument of the flute kind, originally made of the leg bone of an animal.

Tibial

Tib"i*al (?), a. [L. tibialis, fr. tibia the shin bone; also, a pipe or flute, originally made of a bone: cf. F. tibial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a tibia.

2. Of or pertaining to a pipe or flute.

Tibial spur (Zo\'94l.), a spine frequently borne on the tibia of insects. See Illust. under Coleoptera.

Tibial

Tib"i*al, n. (Anat.) A tibial bone; a tibiale.

Tibiale

Tib`i*a"le (?), n.; pl. Tibialia (#). [NL.] (Anat.) The bone or cartilage of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia and corresponds to a part of the astragalus in man and most mammals.

Tibicinate

Ti*bic"i*nate (?), v. i. [L. tibicinare.] To play on a tibia, or pipe. [R.]

Tibio-

Tib"i*o- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tibia; as, tibiotarsus, tibiofibular.

Tibiotarsal

Tib`i*o*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to both to the tibia and the tarsus; as, the tibiotarsal articulation. (b) Of or pertaining to the tibiotarsus.

Tibiotarsus

Tib`i*o*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tibiotarsi (. (Anat.) The large bone between the femur and tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is formed by the union of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia.

Tibrie

Tib"rie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pollack. [Prov. Eng.]

Tic

Tic (?), n. [F.] (Med.) A local and habitual convulsive motion of certain muscles; especially, such a motion of some of the muscles of the face; twitching; velication; -- called also spasmodic tic. Dunglison. Tic douloureux (. [F., fr. tic a knack, a twitching + douloureux painful.] (Med.) Neuralgia in the face; face ague. See under Face.

Tical

Ti*cal" (?), n.

1. A bean-shaped coin of Siam, worth about sixty cents; also, a weight equal to 236 grains troy. Malcom.

2. A money of account in China, reckoning at about $1.60; also, a weight of about four ounces avoirdupois.

Tice

Tice (?), v. t. [Aphetic form of entice.] To entice. [Obs.] The Coronation.

Tice

Tice, n. (Cricket) A ball bowled to strike the ground about a bat's length in front of the wicket.

Ticement

Tice"ment (?), n. Enticement. [Obs.]

Tichorrhine

Tich"or*rhine (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A fossil rhinoceros with a vertical bony medial septum supporting the nose; the hairy rhinoceros.

Tick

Tick (?), n. [Abbrev. from ticket.] Credit; trust; as, to buy on, or upon, tick.

Tick

Tick, v. i.

1. To go on trust, or credit.

2. To give tick; to trust.

Tick

Tick, n. [OE. tike, teke; akin to D. teek, G. zecke. Cf. Tike a tick.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of large parasitic mites which attach themselves to, and suck the blood of, cattle, dogs, and many other animals. When filled with blood they become ovate, much swollen, and usually livid red in color. Some of the species often attach themselves to the human body. The young are active and have at first but six legs. (b) Any one of several species of dipterous insects having a flattened and usually wingless body, as the bird ticks (see under Bird) and sheep tick (see under Sheep). Tick bean, a small bean used for feeding horses and other animals. -- Tick trefoil (Bot.), a name given to many plants of the leguminous genus Desmodium, which have trifoliate leaves, and joined pods roughened with minute hooked hairs by which the joints adhere to clothing and to the fleece of sheep.

Tick

Tick, n. [LL. techa, teca, L. theca case, Gr. Thesis.]

1. The cover, or case, of a bed, mattress, etc., which contains the straw, feathers, hair, or other filling.

2. Ticking. See Ticking, n.

Tick

Tick, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ticked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ticking.] [Probably of imitative origin; cf. D. tikken, LG. ticken.]

1. To make a small or repeating noise by beating or otherwise, as a watch does; to beat.

2. To strike gently; to pat.

Stand not ticking and toying at the branches. Latimer.

Tick

Tick, n.

1. A quick, audible beat, as of a clock.

2. Any small mark intended to direct attention to something, or to serve as a check. Dickens.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The whinchat; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]

Death tick. (Zo\'94l.) See Deathwatch.

Tick

Tick, v. t. To check off by means of a tick or any small mark; to score.
When I had got all my responsibilities down upon my list, I compared each with the bill and ticked it off. Dickens.

Ticken

Tick"en (?), n. See Ticking. [R.] R. Browning.

Ticker

Tick"er (?), n. [See Tick.] One who, or that which, ticks, or produces a ticking sound, as a watch or clock, a telegraphic sounder, etc. <-- 2. The heart. [Colloq.] 3. (a) A stock ticker. (b) A news ticker, similar to a stock ticker, but used for printing news transmitted by wire. Ticker tape Tape from or designed to be used in a stock ticker, usu. of paper and being narrow but long. -- Stock ticker, an electro-mechanical information receiving device connected by telegraphic wire to a stock exchange, and which prints out the latest transactions or news on stock exchanges, commonly found in the offices of stock brokers. By 1980 largely superseded by electronic stock quotation devices. ticker tape paradeA parade to honor a person, held in New York City, during which people in the tall buildings of Manhattan throw large quantities of paper, confetti, paper ribbons, or the like onto the parading group. The name comes form the ticker tape originally thrown onto the parade when it passed stockbrokers' offices in lower Manhattan, before stock tickers became obsolete. -->

Ticket

Tick"et (?), n. [F. \'82tiquette a label, ticket, fr. OF. estiquette, or OF. etiquet, estiquet; both of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stick. See Stick, n. & v., and cf. Etiquette, Tick credit.] A small piece of paper, cardboard, or the like, serving as a notice, certificate, or distinguishing token of something. Specifically: -- (a) A little note or notice. [Obs. or Local]
He constantly read his lectures twice a week for above forty years, giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the school doors. Fuller.
(b) A tradesman's bill or account. [Obs.] &hand; Hence the phrase on ticket, on account; whence, by abbreviation, came the phrase on tick. See 1st Tick.
Your courtier is mad to take up silks and velvets On ticket for his mistress. J. Cotgrave.
(c) A certificate or token of right of admission to a place of assembly, or of passage in a public conveyance; as, a theater ticket; a railroad or steamboat ticket. (d) A label to show the character or price of goods. (e) A certificate or token of a share in a lottery or other scheme for distributing money, goods, or the like. (f) (Politics) A printed list of candidates to be voted for at an election; a set of nominations by one party for election; a ballot. [U.S.]
The old ticket forever! We have it by thirty-four votes. Sarah Franklin (1766).
Scratched ticket, a ticket from which the names of one or more of the candidates are scratched out. -- Split ticket, a ticket representing different divisions of a party, or containing candidates selected from two or more parties. -- Straight ticket, a ticket containing the regular nominations of a party, without change. -- Ticket day (Com.), the day before the settling or pay day on the stock exchange, when the names of the actual purchasers are rendered in by one stockbroker to another. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket of leave, a license or permit given to a convict, or prisoner of the crown, to go at large, and to labor for himself before the expiration of his sentence, subject to certain specific conditions. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket porter, a licensed porter wearing a badge by which he may be identified. [Eng.]

Ticket

Tick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ticketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ticketing.]

1. To distinguish by a ticket; to put a ticket on; as, to ticket goods.

2. To furnish with a tickets; to book; as, to ticket passengers to California. [U.S.] <-- Ticketed. having a ticket, esp. a ticket for travel on a carrier sucha as an airline. A term used to distinguish those who have made a reservation for travel, but have not yet paid and received their ticket, from those who have. "You have a reservation, but you have not yet been ticketed." -->

Ticketing

Tick"et*ing, n. A periodical sale of ore in the English mining districts; -- so called from the tickets upon which are written the bids of the buyers.

Ticking

Tick"ing (?), n. [From Tick a bed cover. Cf. Ticken.] A strong, closely woven linen or cotton fabric, of which ticks for beds are made. It is usually twilled, and woven in stripes of different colors, as white and blue; -- called also ticken.
Page 1507

Tickle

Tic"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tickling (?).] [Perhaps freq. of tick to beat; pat; but cf. also AS. citelian to tickle, D. kittelen, G. kitzlen, OHG. chizzil\'d3n, chuzzil\'d3n, Icel. kitla. Cf. Kittle, v. t.]

1. To touch lightly, so as to produce a peculiar thrilling sensation, which commonly causes laughter, and a kind of spasm which become dengerous if too long protracted.

If you tickle us, do we not laugh? Shak.

2. To please; to gratify; to make joyous.

Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. Pope.
Such a nature Tickled with good success, disdains the shadow Which he treads on at noon. Shak.

Tickle

Tic"kle, v. i.

1. To feel titillation.

He with secret joy therefore Did tickle inwardly in every vein. Spenser.

2. To excite the sensation of titillation. Shak.

Tickle

Tic"kle, a.

1. Ticklish; easily tickled. [Obs.]

2. Liable to change; uncertain; inconstant. [Obs.]

The world is now full tickle, sikerly. Chaucer.
So tickle is the state of earthy things. Spenser.

3. Wavering, or liable to waver and fall at the slightest touch; unstable; easily overthrown. [Obs.]

Thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders, that a milkmaid, if she be in love, may sigh it off. Shak.

Tickle-footed

Tic"kle-foot`ed (?), a. Uncertain; inconstant; slippery. [Obs. & R.] Beau. & Fl.

Ticklenburg

Tick"len*burg (?), n. A coarse, mixed linen fabric made to be sold in the West Indies.

Tickleness

Tic"kle*ness (?), n. Unsteadiness. [Obs.]
For hoard hath hate, and climbing tickleness. Chaucer.

Tickler

Tic"kler (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, tickles.

2. Something puzzling or difficult.

3. A book containing a memorandum of notes and debts arranged in the order of their maturity. [Com. Cant, U.S.] Bartlett.

4. A prong used by coopers to extract bungs from casks. [Eng.]

Ticklish

Tic"klish (?), a.

1. Sensible to slight touches; easily tickled; as, the sole of the foot is very ticklish; the hardened palm of the hand is not ticklish. Bacon.

2. Standing so as to be liable to totter and fall at the slightest touch; unfixed; easily affected; unstable.

Can any man with comfort lodge in a condition so dismally ticklish? Barrow.

3. Difficult; nice; critical; as, a ticklish business.

Surely princes had need, in tender matters and ticklish times, to beware what they say. Bacon.
-- Tic"klish*ly, adv. -- Tic"klish*ness, n.

Tickseed

Tick"seed` (?), n. [Tick the insect + seed; cf. G. wanzensamen, literally, bug seed.]

1. A seed or fruit resembling in shape an insect, as that of certain plants.

2. (Bot.) (a) Same as Coreopsis. (b) Any plant of the genus Corispermum, plants of the Goosefoot family.

Ticktack

Tick"tack` (?), n. [See Tick to beat, to pat, and (for sense 2) cf. Tricktrack.]

1. A noise like that made by a clock or a watch.

2. A kind of backgammon played both with men and pegs; tricktrack.

A game at ticktack with words. Milton.

Ticktack

Tick"tack`, adv. With a ticking noise, like that of a watch.

Ticpolonga

Tic`po*lon"ga (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A very venomous viper (Daboia Russellii), native of Ceylon and India; -- called also cobra monil.

Tid

Tid (?), a. [Cf. AS. tedre, tydere, weak, tender.] Tender; soft; nice; -- now only used in tidbit.

Tidal

Tid"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to tides; caused by tides; having tides; periodically rising and falling, or following and ebbing; as, tidal waters.
The tidal wave of deeper souls Into our inmost being rolls, And lifts us unawares Out of all meaner cares. Longfellow.
Tidal air (Physiol.), the air which passes in and out of the lungs in ordinary breathing. It varies from twenty to thirty cubic inches. -- Tidal basin, a dock that is filled at the rising of the tide. -- Tidal wave. (a) See Tide wave, under Tide. Cf. 4th Bore. (b) A vast, swift wave caused by an earthquake or some extraordinary combination of natural causes. It rises far above high-water mark and is often very destructive upon low-lying coasts. <-- called in Japan tsunami. -->

Tidbit

Tid"bit` (?), n. [Tid + bit.] A delicate or tender piece of anything eatable; a delicious morsel. [Written also titbit.]

Tidde

Tid"de (?), obs. imp. of Tide, v. i. Chaucer.

Tidder, Tiddle

Tid"der (?), Tid"dle (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. tyderian to grow tender. See Tid.] To use with tenderness; to fondle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Tide

Tide (?), n. [AS. t\'c6d time; akin to OS. & OFries. t\'c6d, D. tijd, G. zeit, OHG. z\'c6t, Icel. t\'c6, Sw. & Dan. tid, and probably to Skr. aditi unlimited, endless, where a- is a negative prefix. \'fb58. Cf. Tidings, Tidy, Till, prep., Time.]

1. Time; period; season. [Obsoles.] "This lusty summer's tide." Chaucer.

And rest their weary limbs a tide. Spenser.
Which, at the appointed tide, Each one did make his bride. Spenser.
At the tide of Christ his birth. Fuller.

2. The alternate rising and falling of the waters of the ocean, and of bays, rivers, etc., connected therewith. The tide ebbs and flows twice in each lunar day, or the space of a little more than twenty-four hours. It is occasioned by the attraction of the sun and moon (the influence of the latter being three times that of the former), acting unequally on the waters in different parts of the earth, thus disturbing their equilibrium. A high tide upon one side of the earth is accompanied by a high tide upon the opposite side. Hence, when the sun and moon are in conjunction or opposition, as at new moon and full moon, their action is such as to produce a greater than the usual tide, called the spring tide, as represented in the cut. When the moon is in the first or third quarter, the sun's attraction in part counteracts the effect of the moon's attraction, thus producing under the moon a smaller tide than usual, called the neap tide. &hand; The flow or rising of the water is called flood tide, and the reflux, ebb tide.

3. A stream; current; flood; as, a tide of blood. "Let in the tide of knaves once more; my cook and I'll provide." Shak.

4. Tendency or direction of causes, influences, or events; course; current.

There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. Shak.

5. Violent confluence. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. (Mining) The period of twelve hours.

Atmospheric tides, tidal movements of the atmosphere similar to those of the ocean, and produced in the same manner by the attractive forces of the sun and moon. -- Inferior tide. See under Inferior, a. -- To work double tides. See under Work, v. t. -- Tide day, the interval between the occurrences of two consecutive maxima of the resultant wave at the same place. Its length varies as the components of sun and moon waves approach to, or recede from, one another. A retardation from this cause is called the lagging of the tide, while the acceleration of the recurrence of high water is termed the priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Tide dial, a dial to exhibit the state of the tides at any time. -- Tide gate. (a) An opening through which water may flow freely when the tide sets in one direction, but which closes automatically and prevents the water from flowing in the other direction. (b) (Naut.) A place where the tide runs with great velocity, as through a gate. -- Tide gauge, a gauge for showing the height of the tide; especially, a contrivance for registering the state of the tide continuously at every instant of time. Brande & C. -- Tide lock, a lock situated between an inclosed basin, or a canal, and the tide water of a harbor or river, when they are on different levels, so that craft can pass either way at all times of the tide; -- called also guard lock. -- Tide mill. (a) A mill operated by the tidal currents. (b) A mill for clearing lands from tide water. -- Tide rip, a body of water made rough by the conflict of opposing tides or currents. -- Tide table, a table giving the time of the rise and fall of the tide at any place. -- Tide water, water affected by the flow of the tide; hence, broadly, the seaboard. -- Tide wave, ∨ Tidal wave, the swell of water as the tide moves. That of the ocean is called primitive; that of bays or channels derivative. Whewell. -- Tide wheel, a water wheel so constructed as to be moved by the ebb or flow of the tide.

Tide

Tide (?), v. t. To cause to float with the tide; to drive or carry with the tide or stream.
They are tided down the stream. Feltham.

Tide

Tide, v. i. [AS. t\'c6dan to happen. See Tide, n.]

1. To betide; to happen. [Obs.]

What should us tide of this new law? Chaucer.

2. To pour a tide or flood.

3. (Naut.) To work into or out of a river or harbor by drifting with the tide and anchoring when it becomes adverse.

Tided

Tid"ed (?), a. Affected by the tide; having a tide. "The tided Thames." Bp. Hall.

Tideless

Tide"less, a. Having no tide.

Tide-rode

Tide"-rode` (?), a. (Naut.) Swung by the tide when at anchor; -- opposed to wind-rode.

Tidesman

Tides"man (?), n.; pl. Tidesmen (. A customhouse officer who goes on board of a merchant ship to secure payment of the duties; a tidewaiter.

Tidewaiter

Tide"wait`er (?), n. A customhouse officer who watches the landing of goods from merchant vessels, in order to secure payment of duties. Swift.

Tideway

Tide"way` (?), n. Channel in which the tide sets.

Tidife

Tid"ife (?), n. The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] &hand; The "tidif" mentioned in Chaucer is by some supposed to be the titmouse, by others the wren.

Tidily

Ti"di*ly (?), adv. In a tidy manner.

Tidiness

Ti"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being tidy.

Tiding

Ti"ding (?), n. Tidings. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tidings

Ti"dings (?), n. pl. [OE. tidinge, ti, tidinde, from or influenced by Icel. t\'c6; akin to Dan. tidende, Sw. tidning, G. zeung, AS. t\'c6dan to happen, E. betide, tide. See Tide, v. i. & n.] Account of what has taken place, and was not before known; news.
I shall make my master glad with these tidings. Shak.
Full well the busy whisper, circling round, Conveyed the dismal tidings when he frowned. Goldsmith.
&hand; Although tidings is plural in form, it has been used also as a singular. By Shakespeare it was used indiscriminately as a singular or plural.
Now near the tidings of our comfort is. Shak.
Tidings to the contrary Are brought your eyes. Shak.
Syn. -- News; advice; information; intelligence. -- Tidings, News. The term news denotes recent intelligence from any quarter; the term tidings denotes intelligence expected from a particular quarter, showing what has there betided. We may be indifferent as to news, but are always more or less interested in tidings. We read the news daily; we wait for tidings respecting an absent friend or an impending battle. We may be curious to hear the news; we are always anxious for tidings.
Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton.
What tidings dost thou bring? Addison.

Tidley

Tid"ley (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The wren. (b) The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.]

Tidology

Tid*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Tide + -logy.] A discourse or treatise upon the tides; that part of science which treats of tides. J. S. Mill.

Tidy

Ti"dy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wren; -- called also tiddy. [Prov. Eng.]
The tidy for her notes as delicate as they. Drayton.
&hand; This name is probably applied also to other small singing birds, as the goldcrest.

Tidy

Ti"dy, a. [Compar. Tidier (?); superl. Tidiest.] [From Tide time, season; cf. D. tijdig timely, G. zeitig, Dan. & Sw. tidig.]

1. Being in proper time; timely; seasonable; favorable; as, tidy weather. [Obs.]

If weather be fair and tidy. Tusser.

2. Arranged in good order; orderly; appropriate; neat; kept in proper and becoming neatness, or habitually keeping things so; as, a tidy lass; their dress is tidy; the apartments are well furnished and tidy.

A tidy man, that tened [injured] me never. Piers Plowman.

Tidy

Ti"dy, n.; pl. Tidies (.

1. A cover, often of tatting, drawn work, or other ornamental work, for the back of a chair, the arms of a sofa, or the like.

2. A child's pinafore. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Tidy

Ti"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tidied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tidying.] To put in proper order; to make neat; as, to tidy a room; to tidy one's dress.

Tidy

Ti"dy, v. i. To make things tidy. [Colloq.]
I have tidied and tidied over and over again. Dickens.

Tidytips

Ti"dy*tips` (?), n. (Bot.) A California composite plant (Layia platyglossa), the flower of which has yellow rays tipped with white.

Tie

Tie (?), n.; pl. Ties (#). [AS. t\'c7ge, t, t\'c6ge. \'fb64. See Tie, v. t.]

1. A knot; a fastening.

2. A bond; an obligation, moral or legal; as, the sacred ties of friendship or of duty; the ties of allegiance.

No distance breaks the tie of blood. Young.

3. A knot of hair, as at the back of a wig. Young.

4. An equality in numbers, as of votes, scores, etc., which prevents either party from being victorious; equality in any contest, as a race.

5. (Arch. & Engin.) A beam or rod for holding two parts together; in railways, one of the transverse timbers which support the track and keep it in place.

6. (Mus.) A line, usually straight, drawn across the stems of notes, or a curved line written over or under the notes, signifying that they are to be slurred, or closely united in the performance, or that two notes of the same pitch are to be sounded as one; a bind; a ligature.

7. pl. Low shoes fastened with lacings.

Bale tie, a fastening for the ends of a hoop for a bale.

Tie

Tie, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tied (?) (Obs. Tight (); p. pr. & vb. n. Tying (?).] [OE. ti, teyen, AS. t\'c6gan, ti\'82gan, fr. te\'a0g, te\'a0h, a rope; akin to Icel. taug, and AS. te\'a2n to draw, to pull. See Tug, v. t., and cf. Tow to drag.]

1. To fasten with a band or cord and knot; to bind. "Tie the kine to the cart." 1 Sam. vi. 7.

My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of thy mother: bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck. Prov. vi. 20,21.

2. To form, as a knot, by interlacing or complicating a cord; also, to interlace, or form a knot in; as, to tie a cord to a tree; to knit; to knot. "We do not tie this knot with an intention to puzzle the argument." Bp. Burnet.

3. To unite firmly; to fasten; to hold.

In bond of virtuous love together tied. Fairfax.

4. To hold or constrain by authority or moral influence, as by knotted cords; to oblige; to constrain; to restrain; to confine.

Not tied to rules of policy, you find Revenge less sweet than a forgiving mind. Dryden.

5. (Mus.) To unite, as notes, by a cross line, or by a curved line, or slur, drawn over or under them.

6. To make an equal score with, in a contest; to be even with.

To ride and tie. See under Ride. -- To tie down. (a) To fasten so as to prevent from rising. (b) To restrain; to confine; to hinder from action. -- To tie up, to confine; to restrain; to hinder from motion or action.

Tie

Tie, v. i. To make a tie; to make an equal score.

Tiebar

Tie"bar` (?), n. A flat bar used as a tie.

Tiebeam

Tie"beam` (?), n. (Arch.) A beam acting as a tie, as at the bottom of a pair of principal rafters, to prevent them from thrusting out the wall. See Illust. of Timbers, under Roof. Gwilt.

Tier

Ti"er (?), n. One who, or that which, ties.

Tier

Ti"er, n. [See Tire a headdress.] A chold's apron covering the upper part of the body, and tied with tape or cord; a pinafore. [Written also tire.]

Tier

Tier (?), n. [Perhaps fr. OF. tire, F. tire; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. ziar\'c6 ornament, G. zier, AS. t\'c6r glory, ti\'82r row, rank. But cf. also F. tirer to draw, pull; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Attire, v. t., Tire a headdress, but also Tirade.] A row or rank, especially one of two or more rows placed one above, or higher than, another; as, a tier of seats in a theater. Tiers of a cable, the ranges of fakes, or windings, of a cable, laid one within another when coiled.

Tierce

Tierce (?), n. [F. tierce a third, from tiers, tierce, third, fr. L. tertius the third; akin to tres three. See Third, Three, and cf. Terce, Tercet, Tertiary.]

1. A cask whose content is one third of a pipe; that is, forty-two wine gallons; also, a liquid measure of forty-two wine, or thirty-five imperial, gallons.

2. A cask larger than a barrel, and smaller than a hogshead or a puncheon, in which salt provisions, rice, etc., are packed for shipment.

3. (Mus.) The third tone of the scale. See Mediant.

4. A sequence of three playing cards of the same suit. Tierce of ace, king, queen, is called tierce-major.

5. (Fencing) A position in thrusting or parrying in which the wrist and nails are turned downward.

6. (R. C. Ch.) The third hour of the day, or nine a.m.; one of the canonical hours; also, the service appointed for that hour.

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Tierc\'82

Tier*c\'82" (?), a. [F.] (Her.) Divided into three equal parts of three different tinctures; -- said of an escutcheon.

Tiercel, Tiercelet

Tier"cel (?), Tierce"let (?), n. [OE. tercel, tercelet, F. tiercelet, a dim. of (assumed) tiercel, or LL. tertiolus, dim. fr. L. tertius the third; -- so called, according to some, because every third bird in the nest is a male, or, according to others, because the male is the third part less than female. Cf. Tercel.] (Falconry) The male of various falcons, esp. of the peregrine; also, the male of the goshawk. Encyc. Brit.

Tierce-major

Tierce"-ma`jor (?), n. [Cf. F. tierce majeure.] (Card Playing) See Tierce, 4.

Tiercet

Tier"cet (?), n. [F. tercet. See Tercet.] (Pros.) A triplet; three lines, or three lines rhyming together.

Tie-rod

Tie"-rod (?), n. A rod used as a tie. See Tie.

Tiers \'82tat

Tiers` \'82`tat" (?). [F.] The third estate, or commonalty, in France, answering to the commons in Great Britain; -- so called in distinction from, and as inferior to, the nobles and clergy. &hand; The refusal of the clergy and nobility to give the tiers \'82tat a representation in the States-general proportioned to their actual numbers had an important influence in bringing on the French Revolution of 1789. Since that time the term has been purely historical.

Tietick

Tie"tick (?), n. The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng].

Tiewig

Tie"wig` (?), n. A wig having a tie or ties, or one having some of the curls tied up; also, a wig tied upon the head. Wright. V. Knox.

Tiff

Tiff (?), n. [Originally, a sniff, sniffing; cf. Icel. a smell, to sniff, Norw. tev a drawing in of the breath, teva to sniff, smell, dial. Sw. t\'81v smell, scent, taste.]

1. Liquor; especially, a small draught of liquor. "Sipping his tiff of brandy punch." Sir W. Scott.

2. A fit of anger or peevishness; a slight altercation or contention. See Tift. Thackeray.

Tiff

Tiff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tiffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiffing.] To be in a pet.
She tiffed with Tim, she ran from Ralph. Landor.

Tiff

Tiff, v. t. [OE. tiffen, OF. tiffer, tifer, to bedizen; cf. D. tippen to clip the points or ends of the hair, E. tip, n.] To deck out; to dress. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

Tiffany

Tif"fa*ny (?), n. [OE. tiffenay; cf. OF. tiffe ornament, tiffer to adjust, adorn. See Tiff to dress.] A species of gause, or very silk.
The smoke of sulphur . . . is commonly used by women to whiten tiffanies. Sir T. Browne.

Tiffin

Tif"fin (?), n. [Properly, tiffing a quaffing, a drinking. See Tiff, n.] A lunch, or slight repast between breakfast and dinner; -- originally, a Provincial English word, but introduced into India, and brought back to England in a special sense.

Tiffish

Tiff"ish (?), a. Inclined to tiffs; peevish; petulant.

Tift

Tift (?), n. [Cf. Norw. teft a scent. See Tiff, n.] A fit of pettishness, or slight anger; a tiff.
After all your fatigue you seem as ready for a tift with me as if you had newly come from church. Blackwood's Mag.

Tig

Tig (?), n.

1. A game among children. See Tag.

2. A capacious, flat-bottomed drinking cup, generally with four handles, formerly used for passing around the table at convivial entertainment.

Tigella

Ti*gel"la (?), n. [NL., from F. tige stem or stock.] (Bot.) That part of an embryo which represents the young stem; the caulicle or radicle.

Tigelle

Ti*gelle" (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) Same as Tigella.

Tiger

Ti"ger (?), n. [OE. tigre, F. tigre, L. tigris, Gr. ti`gris; probably of Persian origin; cf. Zend tighra pointed, tighri an arrow, Per. t\'c6r; perhaps akin to E. stick, v.t.; -- probably so named from its quickness.]

1. A very large and powerful carnivore (Felis tigris) native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. Its back and sides are tawny or rufous yellow, transversely striped with black, the tail is ringed with black, the throat and belly are nearly white. When full grown, it equals or exceeds the lion in size and strength. Called also royal tiger, and Bengal tiger.

2. Fig.: A ferocious, bloodthirsty person.

As for heinous tiger, Tamora. Shak.

3. A servant in livery, who rids with his master or mistress. Dickens.

4. A kind of growl or screech, after cheering; as, three cheers and a tiger. [Colloq. U.S.]

5. A pneumatic box or pan used in refining sugar.

American tiger. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The puma. (b) The jaguar. -- Clouded tiger (Zo\'94l.), a handsome striped and spotted carnivore (Felis macrocelis or F. marmorata) native of the East Indies and Southern Asia. Its body is about three and a half feet long, and its tail about three feet long. Its ground color is brownish gray, and the dark markings are irregular stripes, spots, and rings, but there are always two dark bands on the face, one extending back from the eye, and one from the angle of the mouth. Called also tortoise-shell tiger. -- Mexican tiger (Zo\'94l.), the jaguar. -- Tiger beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of active carnivorous beetles of the family Cicindelid\'91. They usually inhabit dry or sandy places, and fly rapidly. -- Tiger bittern. (Zo\'94l.) See Sun bittern, under Sun. -- Tiger cat (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of wild cats of moderate size with dark transverse bars or stripes somewhat resembling those of the tiger. -- Tiger flower (Bot.), an iridaceous plant of the genus Tigridia (as T. conchiflora, T. grandiflora, etc.) having showy flowers, spotted or streaked somewhat like the skin of a tiger. -- Tiger grass (Bot.), a low East Indian fan palm (Cham\'91rops Ritchieana). It is used in many ways by the natives. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Tiger lily. (Bot.) See under Lily. -- Tiger moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of moths of the family Arctiad\'91 which are striped or barred with black and white or with other conspicuous colors. The larv\'91 are called woolly bears. -- Tiger shark (Zo\'94l.), a voracious shark (Galeocerdo maculatus ∨ tigrinus) more or less barred or spotted with yellow. It is found in both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Called also zebra shark. -- Tiger shell (Zo\'94l.), a large and conspicuously spotted cowrie (Cypr\'91a tigris); -- so called from its fancied resemblance to a tiger in color and markings. Called also tiger cowrie. -- Tiger wolf (Zo\'94l.), the spotted hyena (Hy\'91na crocuta). -- Tiger wood, the variegated heartwood of a tree (Mach\'91rium Schomburgkii) found in Guiana.

Tiger-eye

Ti"ger-eye` (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone of a yellow color and chatoyant luster, obtained in South Africa and much used for ornament. It is an altered form of the mineral crocidolite. See Crocidolite.

Tiger-foot

Ti"ger-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Tiger's-foot.

Tiger-footed

Ti"ger-foot`ed, a. Hastening to devour; furious.

Tigerine

Ti"ger*ine (?), a. Tigerish; tigrine. [R.]

Tigerish

Ti"ger*ish, a. Like a tiger; tigrish.

Tiger's-foot

Ti"ger's-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to some species of morning-glory (Ipom\'d2a) having the leaves lobed in pedate fashion.

Tigh

Tigh (?), n. [Perhaps akin to tight.] A close, or inclosure; a croft. [Obs.] Cowell.

Tight

Tight (?), obs. p. p. of Tie. Spenser.

Tight

Tight, a. [Compar. Tighter (?); superl. Tightest.] [OE. tight, thiht; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. , Dan. t\'91t, Sw. t\'84t: akin to D. & G. dicht thick, tight, and perhaps to E. thee to thrive, or to thick. Cf. Taut.]

1. Firmly held together; compact; not loose or open; as, tight cloth; a tight knot.

2. Close, so as not to admit the passage of a liquid or other fluid; not leaky; as, a tight ship; a tight cask; a tight room; -- often used in this sense as the second member of a compound; as, water-tight; air-tight.

3. Fitting close, or too close, to the body; as, a tight coat or other garment.

4. Not ragged; whole; neat; tidy.

Clad very plain, but clean and tight. Evelyn.
I'll spin and card, and keep our children tight. Gay.

5. Close; parsimonious; saving; as, a man tight in his dealings. [Colloq.]

6. Not slack or loose; firmly stretched; taut; -- applied to a rope, chain, or the like, extended or stretched out.

7. Handy; adroit; brisk. [Obs.] Shak.

8. Somewhat intoxicated; tipsy. [Slang]

9. (Com.) Pressing; stringent; not easy; firmly held; dear; -- said of money or the money market. Cf. Easy, 7.

Tight

Tight, v. t. To tighten. [Obs.]

Tighten

Tight"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tightened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tightening.] To draw tighter; to straiten; to make more close in any manner.
Just where I please, with tightened rein I'll urge thee round the dusty plain. Fawkes.
Tightening pulley (Mach.), a pulley which rests, or is forced, against a driving belt to tighten it.

Tightener

Tight"en*er (?), n. That which tightens; specifically (Mach.), a tightening pulley.

Tighter

Tight"er (?), n. A ribbon or string used to draw clothes closer. [Obs.]

Tightly

Tight"ly, adv. In a tight manner; closely; nearly.

Tightness

Tight"ness, n. The quality or condition of being tight.

Tights

Tights (?), n. pl. Close-fitting garments, especially for the lower part of the body and the legs.

Tiglic

Tig"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7CO2H (called also methyl crotonic acid), homologous with crotonic acid, and obtained from croton oil (from Croton Tiglium) as a white crystalline substance.

Tigress

Ti"gress (?), n. [From Tiger: cf. F. tigresse.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the tiger. Holland.

Tigrine

Ti"grine (?), a. [L. tigrinus, fr. tigris a tiger.]

1. Of or pertaining to a tiger; like a tiger.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the tiger in color; as, the tigrine cat (Felis tigrina) of South America.

Tigrish

Ti"grish (?), a. Resembling a tiger; tigerish.

Tike

Tike (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A tick. See 2d Tick. [Obs.]

Tike

Tike, n. [Icel. t\'c6k a bitch; akin to Sw. tik.]

1. A dog; a cur. "Bobtail tike or trundle-tail." Shak.

2. A countryman or clown; a boorish person.

Tikus

Ti"kus (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The bulau.

Til

Til (?), prep. & conj. See Till. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tilbury

Til"bu*ry (?), n.; pl. Tilburies (#). [Probably from Tilburyfort, in the Country of Essex, in England.] A kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage, without a top or cover. [Written also tilburgh.]

Tilde

Til"de (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. titulus a superscription, title, token, sign. See Title, n.] The accentual mark placed over n, and sometimes over l, in Spanish words [thus, \'a4, <il;], indicating that, in pronunciation, the sound of the following vowel is to be preceded by that of the initial, or consonantal, y.

Tile

Tile (?), v. t. [See 2d Tiler.] To protect from the intrusion of the uninitiated; as, to tile a Masonic lodge.

Tile

Tile, n. [OE. tile, tigel, AS. tigel, tigol, fr. L. tegula, from tegere to cover. See Thatch, and cf. Tegular.]

1. A plate, or thin piece, of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of buildings, for floors, for drains, and often for ornamental mantel works.

2. (Arch.) (a) A small slab of marble or other material used for flooring. (b) A plate of metal used for roofing.

3. (Metal.) A small, flat piece of dried earth or earthenware, used to cover vessels in which metals are fused.

4. A draintile.

5. A stiff hat. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Tile drain, a drain made of tiles. -- Tile earth, a species of strong, clayey earth; stiff and stubborn land. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tile kiln, a kiln in which tiles are burnt; a tilery. -- Tile ore (Min.), an earthy variety of cuprite. -- Tile red, light red like the color of tiles or bricks. -- Tile tea, a kind of hard, flat brick tea. See Brick tea, under Brick.

Tile

Tile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiling.]

1. To cover with tiles; as, to tile a house.

2. Fig.: To cover, as if with tiles.

The muscle, sinew, and vein, Which tile this house, will come again. Donne.

Tile-drain

Tile"-drain` (?), v. t. To drain by means of tiles; to furnish with a tile drain.

Tilefish

Tile"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large, edible, deep-water food fish (Lopholatilus cham\'91leonticeps) more or less thickly covered with large, round, yellow spots. &hand; It was discovered off the Eastern coast of the United States in 1880, and was abundant in 1881, but is believed to have become extinct in 1882.

Tiler

Til"er (?), n. A man whose occupation is to cover buildings with tiles. Bancroft.

Tiler

Til"er, n. [Of uncertain origin, but probably from E. tile, n.] A doorkeeper or attendant at a lodge of Freemasons. [Written also tyler.]

Tilery

Til"er*y (?), n.; pl. Tileries (#). [From Tile; cf. F. tuilerie, fr. tuile a tile, L. tegula.] A place where tiles are made or burned; a tile kiln.

Tilestone

Tile"stone` (?), n.

1. (Geol.) A kind of laminated shale or sandstone belonging to some of the layers of the Upper Silurian.

2. A tile of stone.

Tiliaceous

Til`i*a"ceous (?), a. [OE. tilia the linden tree.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Tiliace\'91) of which the linden (Tilia) is the type. The order includes many plants which furnish a valuable fiber, as the jute.

Tiling

Til"ing (?), n.

1. A surface covered with tiles, or composed of tiles.

They . . . let him down through the tiling. Luke v. 19.

2. Tiles, collectively.

Till

Till (?), n. [Abbrev. from lentil.] A vetch; a tare. [Prov. Eng.]

Till

Till, n. [Properly, a drawer, from OE. tillen to draw. See Tiller the lever of a rudder.] A drawer. Specifically: (a) A tray or drawer in a chest. (b) A money drawer in a shop or store. Till alarm, a device for sounding an alarm when a money drawer is opened or tampered with.

Till

Till, n.

1. (Geol.) A deposit of clay, sand, and gravel, without lamination, formed in a glacier valley by means of the waters derived from the melting glaciers; -- sometimes applied to alluvium of an upper river terrace, when not laminated, and appearing as if formed in the same manner.

2. A kind of coarse, obdurate land. Loudon.

Till

Till, prep. [OE. til, Icel. til; akin to Dan. til, Sw. till, OFries. til, also to AS. til good, excellent, G. ziel end, limit, object, OHG. zil, Goth. tils, gatils, fit, convenient, and E. till to cultivate. See Till, v. t.] To; unto; up to; as far as; until; -- now used only in respect to time, but formerly, also, of place, degree, etc., and still so used in Scotland and in parts of England and Ireland; as, I worked till four o'clock; I will wait till next week.
He . . . came till an house. Chaucer.
Women, up till this Cramped under worse than South-sea-isle taboo. Tennyson.
Similar sentiments will recur to every one familiar with his writings -- all through them till the very end. Prof. Wilson.
Till now, to the present time. -- Till then, to that time.
Page 1509

Till

Till (?), conj. As far as; up to the place or degree that; especially, up to the time that; that is, to the time specified in the sentence or clause following; until.
And said unto them, Occupy till I come. Luke xix. 13.
Mediate so long till you make some act of prayer to God. Jer. Taylor.
There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived. Macaulay.
&hand; This use may be explained by supposing an ellipsis of when, or the time when, the proper conjunction or conjunctive adverb begin when.

Till

Till, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tilling.] [OE. tilen, tilien, AS. tilian, teolian, to aim, strive for, till; akin to OS. tilian to get, D. telen to propagate, G. zielen to aim, ziel an end, object, and perhaps also to E. tide, time, from the idea of something fixed or definite. Cf. Teal, Till, prep..]

1. To plow and prepare for seed, and to sow, dress, raise crops from, etc., to cultivate; as, to till the earth, a field, a farm.

No field nolde [would not] tilye. P. Plowman.
the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. Gen. iii. 23.

2. To prepare; to get. [Obs.] W. Browne.

Till

Till, v. i. To cultivate land. Piers Plowman.

Tillable

Till"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tilled; fit for the plow; arable.

Tillage

Till"age (?), n.

1. The operation, practice, or art of tilling or preparing land for seed, and keeping the ground in a proper state for the growth of crops.

2. A place tilled or cultivated; cultivated land. Syn. -- Cultivation; culture; husbandry; farming; agriculture.

Tillandsia

Til*land"si*a (?), n. [NL. So named after Prof. Tillands, of Abo, in Finland.] (Bot.) A genus of epiphytic endogenous plants found in the Southern United States and in tropical America. Tillandsia usneoides, called long moss, black moss, Spanish moss, and Florida moss, has a very slender pendulous branching stem, and forms great hanging tufts on the branches of trees. It is often used for stuffing mattresses.

Tiller

Till"er (?), n. [From Till, v. t.] One who tills; a husbandman; a cultivator; a plowman.

Tiller

Till"er, n. [AS. telgor a small branch. Cf. Till to cultivate.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the original stalk; a sucker. (b) A sprout or young tree that springs from a root or stump.

2. A young timber tree. [Prov. Eng.] Evelyn.

Tiller

Till"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tillered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tillering.] To put forth new shoots from the root, or round the bottom of the original stalk; as, wheat or rye tillers; some spread plants by tillering. [Sometimes written tillow.]

Tiller

Till"er, n. [From OE. tillen, tullen, to draw, pull; probably fr. AS. tyllan in fortyllan to lead astray; or cf. D. tillen to lift up. Cf. Till a drawer.]

1. (Naut.) A lever of wood or metal fitted to the rudder head and used for turning side to side in steering. In small boats hand power is used; in large vessels, the tiller is moved by means of mechanical appliances. See Illust. of Rudder. Cf. 2d Helm, 1.

2. The stalk, or handle, of a crossbow; also, sometimes, the bow itself. [Obs.]

You can shoot in a tiller. Beau. & Fl.

3. The handle of anything. [Prov. Eng.]

4. A small drawer; a till. Dryden.

Tiller rope (Naut.), a rope for turning a tiller. In a large vessel it forms the connection between the fore end of the tiller and the steering wheel.

Tilley, n., ∨ Tilley seed

Til"ley (?), n., ∨ Til"ley seed` (?). (Bot.) The seeds of a small tree (Croton Pavana) common in the Malay Archipelago. These seeds furnish croton oil, like those of Croton Tiglium. [Written also tilly.]

Tillman

Till"man (?), n.; pl. Tillmen (. A man who tills the earth; a husbandman. [Obs.] Tusser.

Tillodont

Til"lo*dont (?), n. One of the Tillodontia.

Tillodontia

Til`lo*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. (Paleon.) An extinct group of Mammalia found fossil in the Eocene formation. The species are related to the carnivores, ungulates, and rodents. Called also Tillodonta.

Tillet

Til"let (?), n. A bag made of thin glazed muslin, used as a wrapper for dress goods. McElrath.

Tillow

Til"low (?), v. i. See 3d Tiller.

Tilly-vally

Til"ly-val`ly (?), interj., adv., or a. A word of unknown origin and signification, formerly used as expressive of contempt, or when anything said was reject as trifling or impertinent. [Written also tille-vally, tilly-fally, tille-fally, and otherwise.] Shak.

Tilmus

Til"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Floccillation.

Tilt

Tilt (?), n. [OE. telt (perhaps from the Danish), teld, AS. teld, geteld; akin to OD. telde, G. zelt, Icel. tjald, Sw. t\'84lt, tj\'84ll, Dan. telt, and ASThe beteldan to cover.]

1. A covering overhead; especially, a tent. Denham.

2. The cloth covering of a cart or a wagon.

3. (Naut.) A cloth cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning extended over the sternsheets of a boat.

Tilt boat (Naut.), a boat covered with canvas or other cloth. -- Tilt roof (Arch.), a round-headed roof, like the canopy of a wagon.

Tilt

Tilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tilting.] To cover with a tilt, or awning.

Tilt

Tilt, v. t. [OE. tilten, tulten, to totter, fall, AS. tealt unstable, precarious; akin to tealtrian to totter, to vacillate, D. tel amble, ambling pace, G. zelt, Icel. t\'94lt an ambling pace, t\'94lta to amble. Cf. Totter.]

1. To incline; to tip; to raise one end of for discharging liquor; as, to tilt a barrel.

2. To point or thrust, as a lance.

Sons against fathers tilt the fatal lance. J. Philips.

3. To point or thrust a weapon at. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

4. To hammer or forge with a tilt hammer; as, to tilt steel in order to render it more ductile.

Tilt

Tilt, v. i.

1. To run or ride, and thrust with a lance; to practice the military game or exercise of thrusting with a lance, as a combatant on horseback; to joust; also, figuratively, to engage in any combat or movement resembling that of horsemen tilting with lances.

He tilts With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast. Shak.
Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast. Shak.
But in this tournament can no man tilt. Tennyson.

2. To lean; to fall partly over; to tip.

The trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by the muscles of the back. Grew.

Tilt

Tilt (?), n.

1. A thrust, as with a lance. Addison.

2. A military exercise on horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other with lances; a tournament.

3. See Tilt hammer, in the Vocabulary.

4. Inclination forward; as, the tilt of a cask.

The fleet, swift tilting, o'er the Pope.
Full tilt, with full force. Dampier.

Tilter

Tilt"er (?), n.

1. One who tilts, or jousts; hence, one who fights.

Let me alone to match your tilter. Glanville.

2. One who operates a tilt hammer.

Tilth

Tilth (?), n. [AS. til, fr. tilian to till. See Till to cultivate.]

1. The state of being tilled, or prepared for a crop; culture; as, land is good tilth.

The tilth and rank fertility of its golden youth. De Quincey.

2. That which is tilled; tillage ground. [R.]

And so by tilth and grange . . . We gained the mother city. Tennyson.

Tilt hammer

Tilt" ham`mer (?). A tilted hammer; a heavy hammer, used in iron works, which is lifted or tilted by projections or wipers on a revolving shaft; a trip hammer.

Tilting

Tilt"ing (?), n.

1. The act of one who tilts; a tilt.

2. The process by which blister steel is rendered ductile by being forged with a tilt hammer.

Tilting helmet, a helmet of large size and unusual weight and strength, worn at tilts.

Tilt-mill

Tilt"-mill` (?), n. A mill where a tilt hammer is used, or where the process of tilting is carried on.

Til tree

Til" tree` (?). (Bot.) See Teil.

Tilt-up

Tilt"-up` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tip-up.

Tilt-yard

Tilt"-yard` (?), n. A yard or place for tilting. "The tilt-yard of Templestowe." Sir W. Scott.

Timal

Ti"mal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Timaline

Tim"a*line (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Timalus or family Timalid\'91, which includes the babblers thrushes, and bulbuls.

Timbal

Tim"bal (?), n. A kettledrum. See Tymbal.

Timber

Tim"ber (?), n. [Probably the same word as timber sort of wood; cf. Sw. timber, LG. timmer, MHG. zimber, G. zimmer, F. timbre, LL. timbrium. Cf. Timmer.] (Com.) A certain quantity of fur skins, as of martens, ermines, sables, etc., packed between boards; being in some cases forty skins, in others one hundred and twenty; -- called also timmer. [Written also timbre.]

Timber

Tim"ber, n. [F. timbre. See Timbre.] (Her.) The crest on a coat of arms. [Written also timbre.]

Timber

Tim"ber, v. t. To surmount as a timber does. [Obs.]

Timber

Tim"ber, n. [AS. timbor, timber, wood, building; akin to OFries. timber, D. timmer a room, G. zimmer, OHG. zimbar timber, a dwelling, room, Icel. timbr timber, Sw. timmer, Dan. t\'94mmer, Goth. timrjan to build, timrja a builder, L. domus a house, Gr. dama a house. \'fb62. Cf. Dome, Domestic.]

1. That sort of wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils, furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like; -- usually said of felled trees, but sometimes of those standing. Cf. Lumber, 3.

And ta'en my fiddle to the gate, . . . And fiddled in the timber! Tennyson.

2. The body, stem, or trunk of a tree.

3. Fig.: Material for any structure.

Such dispositions are the very errors of human nature; and yet they are the fittest timber to make politics of. Bacon.

4. A single piece or squared stick of wood intended for building, or already framed; collectively, the larger pieces or sticks of wood, forming the framework of a house, ship, or other structure, in distinction from the covering or boarding.

So they prepared timber . . . to build the house. 1 Kings v. 18.
Many of the timbers were decayed. W. Coxe.

5. Woods or forest; wooden land. [Western U.S.]

6. (Shipbuilding) A rib, or a curving piece of wood, branching outward from the keel and bending upward in a vertical direction. One timber is composed of several pieces united.

Timber and room. (Shipbuilding) Same as Room and space. See under Room. -- Timber beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of beetles the larv\'91 of which bore in timber; as, the silky timber beetle (Lymexylon sericeum). -- Timber doodle (Zo\'94l.), the American woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Timber grouse (Zo\'94l.), any species of grouse that inhabits woods, as the ruffed grouse and spruce partridge; -- distinguished from prairie grouse. -- Timber hitch (Naut.), a kind of hitch used for temporarily marking fast a rope to a spar. See Illust. under Hitch. -- Timber mare, a kind of instrument upon which soldiers were formerly compelled to ride for punishment. Johnson. -- Timber scribe, a metal tool or pointed instrument for marking timber. Simmonds. -- Timber sow. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Timber worm, below. Bacon. -- Timber tree, a tree suitable for timber. -- Timber worm (Zo\'94l.), any larval insect which burrows in timber. -- Timber yard, a yard or place where timber is deposited.

Timber

Tim"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Timbering.] To furnish with timber; -- chiefly used in the past participle.
His bark is stoutly timbered. Shak.

Timber

Tim"ber, v. i.

1. To light on a tree. [Obs.]

2. (Falconry) To make a nest.

Timbered

Tim"bered (?), a.

1. Furnished with timber; -- often compounded; as, a well-timbered house; a low-timbered house. L'Estrange.

2. Built; formed; contrived. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. Massive, like timber. [Obs.]

His timbered bones all broken, rudely rumbled. Spenser.

4. Covered with growth timber; wooden; as, well-timbered land.

Timberhead

Tim"ber*head` (?), n. (Naut.) The top end of a timber, rising above the gunwale, and serving for belaying ropes, etc.; -- called also kevel head.

Timbering

Tim"ber*ing, n. The act of furnishing with timber; also, timbers, collectively; timberwork; timber.

Timberling

Tim"ber*ling (?), n. [Timber + -ling.] A small tree. [Eng.]

Timberman

Tim"ber*man (?), n.; pl. Timbermen (. (Mining) A man employed in placing supports of timber in a mine. Weale.

Timberwork

Tim"ber*work` (?), n. Work made of timbers.

Timbre

Tim"bre (?), n. See 1st Timber.

Timbre

Tim"bre, n. [F., a bell to be struck with a hammer, sound, tone, stamp, crest, in OF., a timbrel. Cf. Timbrel.]

1. (Her.) The crest on a coat of arms.

2. (Mus.) The quality or tone distinguishing voices or instruments; tone color; clang tint; as, the timbre of the voice; the timbre of a violin. See Tone, and Partial tones, under Partial.

Timbrel

Tim"brel (?), n. [Dim. of OE. timbre, OF. timbre; probably fr. L. typmanum, Gr. tabl a drum; cf. Per. tambal a drum. See Tympanum, and cf. 2d Timbre, Tymbal.] (Mus.) A kind of drum, tabor, or tabret, in use from the highest antiquity.
Miriam . . . took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. Ex. xv. 20.

Timbreled, Timbrelled

Tim"breled, Tim"brelled (?), a. Sung to the sound of the timbrel. "In vain with timbreled anthems dark." Milton.

Timburine

Tim`bu*rine" (?), n. A tambourine. [Obs.]

Time

Time (?), n.; pl. Times (#). [OE. time, AS. t\'c6ma, akin to t\'c6d time, and to Icel. t\'c6mi, Dan. time an hour, Sw. timme. \'fb58. See Tide, n.]

1. Duration, considered independently of any system of measurement or any employment of terms which designate limited portions thereof.

The time wasteth [i. e. passes away] night and day. Chaucer.
I know of no ideas . . . that have a better claim to be accounted simple and original than those of space and time. Reid.

2. A particular period or part of duration, whether past, present, or future; a point or portion of duration; as, the time was, or has been; the time is, or will be.

God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets. Heb. i. 1.

3. The period at which any definite event occurred, or person lived; age; period; era; as, the Spanish Armada was destroyed in the time of Queen Elizabeth; -- often in the plural; as, ancient times; modern times.

4. The duration of one's life; the hours and days which a person has at his disposal.

Believe me, your time is not your own; it belongs to God, to religion, to mankind. Buckminster.

5. A proper time; a season; an opportunity.

There is . . . a time to every purpose. Eccl. iii. 1.
The time of figs was not yet. Mark xi. 13.

6. Hour of travail, delivery, or parturition.

She was within one month of her time. Clarendon.

7. Performance or occurrence of an action or event, considered with reference to repetition; addition of a number to itself; repetition; as, to double cloth four times; four times four, or sixteen.

Summers three times eight save one. Milton.

8. The present life; existence in this world as contrasted with immortal life; definite, as contrasted with infinite, duration.

Till time and sin together cease. Keble.

9. (Gram.) Tense.

10. (Mus.) The measured duration of sounds; measure; tempo; rate of movement; rhythmical division; as, common or triple time; the musician keeps good time.

Some few lines set unto a solemn time. Beau. & Fl.
&hand; Time is often used in the formation of compounds, mostly self-explaining; as, time-battered, time-beguiling, time-consecrated, time-consuming, time-enduring, time-killing, time-sanctioned, time-scorner, time-wasting, time-worn, etc. Absolute time, time irrespective of local standards or epochs; as, all spectators see a lunar eclipse at the same instant of absolute time. -- Apparent time, the time of day reckoned by the sun, or so that 12 o'clock at the place is the instant of the transit of the sun's center over the meridian. -- Astronomical time, mean solar time reckoned by counting the hours continuously up to twenty-four from one noon to the next. -- At times, at distinct intervals of duration; now and then; as, at times he reads, at other times he rides. -- Civil time, time as reckoned for the purposes of common life in distinct periods, as years, months, days, hours, etc., the latter, among most modern nations, being divided into two series of twelve each, and reckoned, the first series from midnight to noon, the second, from noon to midnight. -- Common time (Mil.), the ordinary time of marching, in which ninety steps, each twenty-eight inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Equation of time. See under Equation, n. -- In time. (a) In good season; sufficiently early; as, he arrived in time to see the exhibition. (b) After a considerable space of duration; eventually; finally; as, you will in time recover your health and strength. -- Mean time. See under 4th Mean. -- Quick time (Mil.), time of marching, in which one hundred and twenty steps, each thirty inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Sidereal time. See under Sidereal. -- Standard time, the civil time that has been established by law or by general usage over a region or country. In England the standard time is Greenwich mean solar time. In the United States and Canada four kinds of standard time have been adopted by the railroads and accepted by the people, viz., Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific time, corresponding severally to the mean local times of the 75th, 90th, 105th, and 120th meridians west from Greenwich, and being therefore five, six, seven, and eight hours slower than Greenwich time. -- Time ball, a ball arranged to drop from the summit of a pole, to indicate true midday time, as at Greenwich Observatory, England. Nichol. -- Time bargain (Com.), a contract made for the sale or purchase of merchandise, or of stock in the public funds, at a certain time in the future.<-- = a futures contract? --> -- Time bill. Same as Time-table. [Eng.] -- Time book, a book in which is kept a record of the time persons have worked. -- Time detector, a timepiece provided with a device for registering and indicating the exact time when a watchman visits certain stations in his beat. -- Time enough, in season; early enough. "Stanly at Bosworth field, . . . came time enough to save his life." Bacon. -- Time fuse, a fuse, as for an explosive projectile, which can be so arranged as to ignite the charge at a certain definite interval after being itself ignited. -- Time immemorial, ∨ Time out of mind. (Eng. Law) See under Immemorial. -- Time lock, a lock having clockwork attached, which, when wound up, prevents the bolt from being withdrawn when locked, until a certain interval of time has elapsed. -- Time of day, salutation appropriate to the times of the day, as "good morning," "good evening," and the like; greeting. -- To kill time. See under Kill, v. t. -- To make time. (a) To gain time. (b) To occupy or use (a certain) time in doing something; as, the trotting horse made fast time. -- To move, run, ∨ go, against time, to move, run, or go a given distance without a competitor, in the quickest possible time; or, to accomplish the greatest distance which can be passed over in a given time; as, the horse is to run against time. -- True time. (a) Mean time as kept by a clock going uniformly. (b) (Astron.) Apparent time as reckoned from the transit of the sun's center over the meridian.
Page 1510

Time

Time (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Timing.]

1. To appoint the time for; to bring, begin, or perform at the proper season or time; as, he timed his appearance rightly.

There is no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things. Bacon.

2. To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement.

Who overlooked the oars, and timed the stroke. Addison.
He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying cries. Shak.

3. To ascertain or record the time, duration, or rate of; as, to time the speed of horses, or hours for workmen.

4. To measure, as in music or harmony.

Time

Time, v. i.

1. To keep or beat time; to proceed or move in time.

With oar strokes timing to their song. Whittier.

2. To pass time; to delay. [Obs.]

Timeful

Time"ful (?), a. Seasonable; timely; sufficiently early. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Time-honored

Time"-hon`ored (?), a. Honored for a long time; venerable, and worthy of honor, by reason of antiquity, or long continuance.

Timekeeper

Time"keep`er (?), n.

1. A clock, watch, or other chronometer; a timepiece.

2. A person who keeps, marks, regulates, or determines the time. Specifically: -- (a) A person who keeps a record of the time spent by workmen at their work. (b) One who gives the time for the departure of conveyances. (c) One who marks the time in musical performances. (d) One appointed to mark and declare the time of participants in races or other contests.

Timeless

Time"less, a.

1. Done at an improper time; unseasonable; untimely. [R.]

Nor fits it to prolong the heavenly feast Timeless, indecent. Pope.

2. Done or occurring before the proper time; premature; immature; as, a timeless grave. [Obs.]

Must I behold thy timeless, cruel death? Shak.

3. Having no end; interminable; unending. "Timeless night and chaos." Young.

Timelessly

Time"less*ly, adv. In a timeless manner; unseasonably. [R.] Milton.

Timeliness

Time"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being timely; seasonableness; opportuneness.

Timeling

Time"ling (?), n. A timeserver. [Obs.]

Timely

Time"ly, a. [Compar. Timelier (?); superl. Timeliest.]

1. Being or occurring in good time; sufficiently early; seasonable. "The timely dew of sleep." Milton.

2. Keeping time or measure. Spenser.

Timely

Time"ly, adv. Early; soon; in good season.
Timely advised, the coming evil shun. Prior.
Thanks to you, That called me timelier than my purpose hither, For I have gained by it. Shak.

Timenoguy

Ti*men"o*guy (?), n. (Naut.) A rope carried taut between or over obstacles likely to engage or foul the running rigging in working a ship.

Timeous

Time"ous (?), a. Timely; seasonable. [R. or Scot.] -- Time"ous*ly, adv. [R. or Scot.]

Timepiece

Time"piece` (?), n. A clock, watch, or other instrument, to measure or show the progress of time; a chronometer.

Timepleaser

Time"pleas`er (?), n. One who complies with prevailing opinions, whatever they may be; a timeserver.
Timepleasers, flatterers, foes to nobleness. Shak.

Timer

Tim"er (?), n. A timekeeper; especially, a watch by which small intervals of time can be measured; a kind of stop watch. It is used for timing the speed of horses, machinery, etc.

Timesaving

Time"sav`ing (?), a. Saving time; as, a timesaving expedient.

Timeserver

Time"serv`er (?), n. One who adapts his opinions and manners to the times; one who obsequiously compiles with the ruling power; -- now used only in a bad sense.

Timeserving

Time"serv`ing, a. Obsequiously complying with the spirit of the times, or the humors of those in power.

Timeserving

Time"serv`ing, n. An obsequious compliance with the spirit of the times, or the humors of those in power, which implies a surrender of one's independence, and sometimes of one's integrity. Syn. -- Temporizing. -- Timeserving, Temporizing. Both these words are applied to the conduct of one who adapts himself servilely to times and seasons. A timeserver is rather active, and a temporizer, passive. One whose policy is timeserving comes forward to act upon principles or opinions which may promote his advancement; one who is temporizing yields to the current of public sentiment or prejudice, and shrinks from a course of action which might injure him with others. The former is dishonest; the latter is weak; and both are contemptible.
Trimming and timeserving, which are but two words for the same thing, . . . produce confusion. South.
[I] pronounce thee . . . a hovering temporizer, that Canst with thine eyes at once see good and evil, Inclining to them both. Shak.

Time-table

Time"-ta`ble (?), n.

1. A tabular statement of the time at which, or within which, several things are to take place, as the recitations in a school, the departure and arrival of railroad trains or other public conveyances, the rise and fall of the tides, etc.

2. (Railroad) A plane surface divided in one direction with lines representing hours and minutes, and in the other with lines representing miles, and having diagonals (usually movable strings) representing the speed and position of various trains.

3. (Mus.) A table showing the notation, length, or duration of the several notes.

Timid

Tim"id (?), a. [L. timidus, fr. timere to fear; cf. Skr. tam to become breathless, to become stupefief: cf. F. timide.] Wanting courage to meet danger; easily frightened; timorous; not bold; fearful; shy.
Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare. Thomson.
Syn. -- Fearful; timorous; afraid; cowardly; pusillanimous; faint-hearted; shrinking; retiring. -- Tim"id*ly, adv. -- Tim"id*ness, n.

Timidity

Ti*mid"i*ty (?), n. [L. timiditas: cf. F. timidit\'82.] The quality or state of being timid; timorousness; timidness.

Timidous

Tim"id*ous (?), a. Timid. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Timist

Tim"ist (?), n. [Written also timeist.]

1. (Mus.) A performer who keeps good time.

2. A timeserver. [Obs.] Overbury.

Timmer

Tim"mer (?), n. Same as 1st Timber. [Scot.]

Timocracy

Ti*moc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. timocratie.] (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A state in which the love of honor is the ruling motive. (b) A state in which honors are distributed according to a rating of property.

Timocratic

Ti`mo*crat"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or constituted by, timocracy. Sir G. C. Lewis.

Timoneer

Tim`o*neer" (?), n. [F. timonier, fr. timon a helm, fr. L. temo, -onis, a pole.] A helmsman. [R.]

Timorous

Tim"or*ous (?), a. [LL. timorosus, from L. timor fear; akin to timere to fear. See Timid.]

1. Fearful of danger; timid; deficient in courage. Shak.

2. Indicating, or caused by, fear; as, timorous doubts. "The timorous apostasy of chuchmen." Milman. -- Tim"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Tim"or*ous*ness, n.

Timorsome

Tim"or*some (?), a. Easily frightened; timorous. [Written also timersome.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Timothy, n., ∨ Timothy grass

Tim"o*thy (?), n., ∨ Tim"o*thy grass` (?). [From Timothy Hanson, who carried the seed from New England to Maryland about 1720.] (Bot.) A kind of grass (Phleum pratense) with long cylindrical spikes; -- called also herd's grass, in England, cat's-tail grass, and meadow cat's-tail grass. It is much prized for fodder. See Illustration in Appendix.

Timous

Tim"ous (?), a. [Cf. Timeous.] Timely; seasonable. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Tim"ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Timpano

Tim"pa*no (?), n.; pl. Timpani (#). [It.] (Mus.) See Tympano.

Tim-whiskey

Tim"-whis`key (?), n. A kind of carriage. See Whiskey. Southery.

Tin

Tin (?), n. [As. tin; akin to D. tin, G. zinn, OHG. zin, Icel. & Dan. tin, Sw. tenn; of unknown origin.]

1. (Chem.) An elementary substance found as an oxide in the mineral cassiterite, and reduced as a soft white crystalline metal, malleable at ordinary temperatures, but brittle when heated. It is not easily oxidized in the air, and is used chiefly to coat iron to protect it from rusting, in the form of tin foil with mercury to form the reflective surface of mirrors, and in solder, bronze, speculum metal, and other alloys. Its compounds are designated as stannous, or stannic. Symbol Sn (Stannum). Atomic weight 117.4.

2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin; tin plate.

3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield.

Block tin (Metal.), commercial tin, cast into blocks, and partially refined, but containing small quantities of various impurities, as copper, lead, iron, arsenic, etc.; solid tin as distinguished from tin plate; -- called also bar tin. -- Butter of tin. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under Fuming. -- Grain tin. (Metal.) See under Grain. -- Salt of tin (Dyeing), stannous chloride, especially so called when used as a mordant. -- Stream tin. See under Stream. -- Tin cry (Chem.), the peculiar creaking noise made when a bar of tin is bent. It is produced by the grating of the crystal granules on each other. -- Tin foil, tin reduced to a thin leaf. -- Tin frame (Mining), a kind of buddle used in washing tin ore. -- Tin liquor, Tin mordant (Dyeing), stannous chloride, used as a mordant in dyeing and calico printing. -- Tin penny, a customary duty in England, formerly paid to tithingmen for liberty to dig in tin mines. [Obs.] Bailey. -- Tin plate, thin sheet iron coated with tin. -- Tin pyrites. See Stannite.

Tin

Tin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinning.] To cover with tin or tinned iron, or to overlay with tin foil.

Tinamides

Ti*nam"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of struthious birds, including the tinamous.

Tinamou

Tin"a*mou (?), n. [From the native name: cf. F. tinamous.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of South American birds belonging to Tinamus and allied genera. &hand; In general appearance and habits they resemble grouse and partridges, but in anatomical characters they are allied to the ostriches and other struthious birds. Their wings are of moderate length, and they are able to fly a considerable distance.

Tincal

Tin"cal (?), n. [Ar., Per. & Hind. tink\'ber; cf. Malay tingkal; all fr. Skr. . Cf. Altincar.] (Chem.) Crude native borax, formerly imported from Thibet. It was once the chief source of boric compounds. Cf. Borax.

Tinchel

Tin"chel (?), n. [Written also tinchill.] [Gael. timchioll a circuit, compass.] A circle of sportsmen, who, by surrounding an extensive space and gradually closing in, bring a number of deer and game within a narrow compass. [Scot.]
We'll quell the savage mountaineer, As their tinchel cows the game! Sir W. Scott.

Tinct

Tinct (?), a. [L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to tinge. See Tinge.] Tined; tinged. [Archaic] Spenser.

Tinct

Tinct, n. [See Tint.] Color; tinge; tincture; tint. [Archaic] "Blue of heaven's own tinct." Shak.
All the devices blazoned on the shield, In their own tinct. Tennyson.

Tinct

Tinct, v. t. [See Tinge.] To color or stain; to imblue; to tint. [Archaic] Bacon.

Tinctorial

Tinc*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tinctorius, from tinctor a dyer, tingere, tinctum, to dye: cf. F. tinctorial. See Tinge.] Of or relating to color or colors; imparting a color; as, tinctorial matter. Ure.

Tincture

Tinc"ture (?), n. [L. tinctura a dyeing, from tingere, tinctum, to tinge, dye: cf. OE. tainture, teinture, F. teinture, L. tinctura. See Tinge.]

1. A tinge or shade of color; a tint; as, a tincture of red.

2. (Her.) One of the metals, colors, or furs used in armory. &hand; There are two metals: gold, called or, and represented in engraving by a white surface covered with small dots; and silver, called argent, and represented by a plain white surface. The colors and their representations are as follows: red, called gules, or a shading of vertical lines; blue, called azure, or horizontal lines; black, called sable, or horizontal and vertical lines crossing; green, called vert, or diagonal lines from dexter chief corner; purple, called purpure, or diagonal lines from sinister chief corner. The furs are ermine, ermines, erminois, pean, vair, counter vair, potent, and counter potent. See Illustration in Appendix.

3. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a solvent; an extract of a part of the substance of a body communicated to the solvent.

4. (Med.) A solution (commonly colored) of medicinal substance in alcohol, usually more or less diluted; spirit containing medicinal substances in solution. &hand; According to the United States Pharmacop\'d2ia, the term tincture (also called alcoholic tincture, and spirituous tincture) is reserved for the alcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances, alcoholic solutions of volatile substances being called spirits.

Ethereal tincture, a solution of medicinal substance in ether.

5. A slight taste superadded to any substance; as, a tincture of orange peel.

6. A slight quality added to anything; a tinge; as, a tincture of French manners.

All manners take a tincture from our own. Pope.
Every man had a slight tincture of soldiership, and scarcely any man more than a slight tincture. Macaulay.

Tincture

Tinc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tincturing.]

1. To communicate a slight foreign color to; to tinge; to impregnate with some extraneous matter.

A little black paint will tincture and spoil twenty gay colors. I. Watts.

2. To imbue the mind of; to communicate a portion of anything foreign to; to tinge.

The stain of habitual sin may thoroughly tincture all our soul. Barrow.

Tind

Tind (?), v. t. [OE. tenden, AS. tendan; akin to G. z\'81nden, OHG. zunten, Icel. tendra, Sw. t\'84nda, Dan. t\'91nde, Goth. tandjan to kindle, tundnan to be kindled, to burn. Cf. Tinder.] To kindle. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Tindal

Tin"dal (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Malayalam ta.]

1. A petty officer among lascars, or native East Indian sailors; a boatswain's mate; a cockswain. [India] Malcom.

2. An attendant on an army. [India] Simmonds.

Tinder

Tin"der (?), n. [OE. tinder, tunder, AS. tynder, tyndre; akin to tendan to kindle, D. tonder tinder, G. zunder, OHG. zuntara, zuntra, Icel. tundr, Sw. tunder, Dan. t\'94nder. See Tind.] Something very inflammable, used for kindling fire from a spark, as scorched linen. German tinder. Same as Amadou. -- Tinder box, a box in which tinder is kept.
Page 1511

Tine

Tine (?), n. [See Teen affliction.] Trouble; distress; teen. [Obs.] "Cruel winter's tine." Spenser.

Tine

Tine, v. t. [See Tind.] To kindle; to set on fire. [Obs.] See Tind. "To tine the cloven wood." Dryden.
Coals of contention and hot vegneance tind. Spenser.

Tine

Tine, v. i. [Cf. Tine distress, or Tine to kindle.] To kindle; to rage; to smart. [Obs.]
Ne was there slave, ne was there medicine That mote recure their wounds; so inly they did tine. Spenser.

Tine

Tine, v. t. [AS. t, from t an inclosure. See Town.] To shut in, or inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tine

Tine, n. [OE. tind, AS. tind; akin to MHG. zint, Icel. tindr, Sw. tinne, and probably to G. zinne a pinnacle, OHG. zinna, and E. tooth. See Tooth.] A tooth, or spike, as of a fork; a prong, as of an antler.

Tinea

Tin"e*a (?), n. [L., a worm, a moth.]

1. (Med.) A name applied to various skin diseases, but especially to ringworm. See Ringworm, and Sycosis.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small Lepidoptera, including the clothes moths and carpet moths.

Tinean

Tin"e*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Tinea, or of the family Tineid\'91, which includes numerous small moths, many of which are injurious to woolen and fur goods and to cultivated plants. Also used adjectively.

Tined

Tined (?), a. Furnished with tines; as, a three-tined fork.

Tineid

Tin"e*id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tinean.

Tineman

Tine"man (?), n.; pl. Tinemen (#). [Probably akin to tine to shut or inclose.] (O. Eng. Forest Law) An officer of the forest who had the care of vert and venison by night. [Obs.]

Tinet

Ti"net (?), n. [From Tine to shut in, inclose.] Brushwood and thorns for making and repairing hedges. [Obs. Eng.]

Ting

Ting (?), n. [An imitative word. Cf. Tink.] A sharp sound, as of a bell; a tinkling.

Ting

Ting, v. i. To sound or ring, as a bell; to tinkle. [R.] Holland.

Ting

Ting, n. The apartment in a Chinese temple where the idol is kept.

Tinge

Tinge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tingeing (?).] [L. tingere, tinctum, to dye, stain, wet; akin to Gr. tunken to dip, OHG. tunch\'d3n, dunch\'d3n, thunk\'d3n. Cf. Distain, Dunker, Stain, Taint a stain, to stain, Tincture, Tint.] To imbue or impregnate with something different or foreign; as, to tinge a decoction with a bitter taste; to affect in some degree with the qualities of another substance, either by mixture, or by application to the surface; especially, to color slightly; to stain; as, to tinge a blue color with red; an infusion tinged with a yellow color by saffron.
His [Sir Roger's] virtues, as well as imperfections, are tinged by a certain extravagance. Addison.
Syn. -- To color; dye; stain.

Tinge

Tinge, n. A degree, usually a slight degree, of some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into another substance or mixture, or added to it; tincture; color; dye; hue; shade; taste.
His notions, too, respecting the government of the state, took a tinge from his notions respecting the government of the church. Macaulay.

Tingent

Tin"gent (?), a. [L. tingens, p.pr. of tingere to tinge. See Tinge.] Having the power to tinge. [R.]
As for the white part, it appears much less enriched with the tingent property. Boyle.

Tinger

Tin"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, tinges.

Tingid

Tin"gid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Tingis.

Tingis

Tin"gis (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small hemipterous insects which injure trees by sucking the sap from the leaves. See Illustration in Appendix.

Tingle

Tin"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tingled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tingling (?).] [Freq. of ting. Cf. Tinkle.]

1. To feel a kind of thrilling sensation, as in hearing a shrill sound.

At which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. 1 Sam. iii. 11.

2. To feel a sharp, thrilling pain.

The pale boy senator yet tingling stands. Pope.

3. To have, or to cause, a sharp, thrilling sensation, or a slight pricking sensation.

They suck pollution through their tingling vein. Tickell.

Tink

Tink (?), v. i. [OE. tinken; of imitative origin. Cf. Ting a tinkling, Tinker.] To make a sharp, shrill noise; to tinkle. Wyclif (1 Cor. xiii. 1).

Tink

Tink, n. A sharp, quick sound; a tinkle.

Tinker

Tink"er (?), n. [From Tink, because the tinker's way of proclaiming his trade is to beat a kettle, or because in his work he makes a tinkling noise. Johnson.]

1. A mender of brass kettles, pans, and other metal ware. "Tailors and tinkers." Piers Plowman.

2. One skilled in a variety of small mechanical work.

3. (Ordnance) A small mortar on the end of a staff.

4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young mackerel about two years old. (b) The chub mackerel. (c) The silversides. (d) A skate. [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Zo\'94l.) The razor-billed auk.

Tinker

Tink"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkering.] To mend or solder, as metal wares; hence, more generally, to mend.

Tinker

Tink"er, v. i. To busy one's self in mending old kettles, pans, etc.; to play the tinker; to be occupied with small mechanical works.

Tinkering

Tink"er*ing, n. The act or work of a tinker.

Tinkerly

Tink"er*ly, a. After the manner of a tinker. [R.]

Tinkershire, Tinkle

Tink"er*shire (?), Tin"kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

Tinkle

Tin"kle (?), v. i. [Freq. of tink. See Tink, Tingle.]

1. To make, or give forth, small, quick, sharp sounds, as a piece of metal does when struck; to clink.

As sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 1 Cor. xiii. 1.
The sprightly horse Moves to the music of his tinkling bells. Dodsley.

2. To hear, or resound with, a small, sharp sound.

And his ears tinkled, and the color fled. Dryden.

Tinkle

Tin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkling.] To cause to clonk, or make small, sharp, quick sounds.

Tinkle

Tin"kle, n. A small, sharp, quick sound, as that made by striking metal. Cowper.

Tinkler

Tin"kler (?), n. A tinker. [Prov. Eng.]

Tinkling

Tin"kling (?), n.

1. A tinkle, or succession of tinkles.

Drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds. Gray.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A grackle (Quiscalus crassirostris) native of Jamaica. It often associates with domestic cattle, and rids them of insects.

Tinman

Tin"man (?), n.; pl. Tinmen (. A manufacturer of tin vessels; a dealer in tinware.

Tinmouth

Tin"mouth` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crappie. [U.S.]

Tinned

Tinned (?), a.

1. Covered, or plated, with tin; as, a tinned roof; tinned iron.

2. Packed in tin cases; canned; as, tinned meats. Cassell (Dict. of Cookery).

Tinnen

Tin"nen (?), a. Made or consisting of tin. [Obs.]

Tinner

Tin"ner (?), n.

1. One who works in a tin mine.

2. One who makes, or works in, tinware; a tinman.

Tinnient

Tin"ni*ent (?), a. [L. tinniens, p.pr. of tinnire to ring, tinkle.] Emitting a clear sound. [Obs.]

Tinning

Tin"ning (?), n.

1. The act, art, or process of covering or coating anything with melted tin, or with tin foil, as kitchen utensils, locks, and the like.

2. The covering or lining of tin thus put on.

Tinnitus

Tin*ni"tus (?), n. [L., fr. tinnire to jingle.] (Med.) A ringing, whistling, or other imaginary noise perceived in the ears; -- called also tinnitus aurium.

Tinnock

Tin"nock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tinny

Tin"ny (?), a. Pertaining to, abounding with, or resembling, tin. "The tinny strand." Drayton.

Tinsel

Tin"sel (?), n. [F. \'82tincelle a spark, OF. estincelle, L. scintilla. Cf. Scintillate, Stencil.]

1. A shining material used for ornamental purposes; especially, a very thin, gauzelike cloth with much gold or silver woven into it; also, very thin metal overlaid with a thin coating of gold or silver, brass foil, or the like.

Who can discern the tinsel from the gold? Dryden.

2. Something shining and gaudy; something superficially shining and showy, or having a false luster, and more gay than valuable.

O happy peasant! O unhappy bard! His the mere tinsel, hers the rich reward. Cowper.

Tinsel

Tin"sel, a. Showy to excess; gaudy; specious; superficial. "Tinsel trappings." Milton.

Tinsel

Tin"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinseled (?) or Tinselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinseling or Tinselling.] To adorn with tinsel; to deck out with cheap but showy ornaments; to make gaudy.
She, tinseled o'er in robes of varying hues. Pope.

Tinselly

Tin"sel*ly, a. Like tinsel; gaudy; showy, but cheap.

Tinselly

Tin"sel*ly, adv. In a showy and cheap manner.

Tinsmith

Tin"smith` (?), n. One who works in tin; a tinner.

Tinstone

Tin"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Cassiterite.

Tint

Tint (?), n. [For older tinct, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to dye: cf. F. teinte, teint, It. tinta, tinto. See Tinge, and cf. Taint to stain, a stain, Tent a kind of wine, Tinto.] A slight coloring. Specifically: -- (a) A pale or faint tinge of any color.
Or blend in beauteous tints the colored mass. Pope.
Their vigor sickens, and their tints decline. Harte.
(b) A color considered with reference to other very similar colors; as, red and blue are different colors, but two shades of scarlet are different tints. (c) (Engraving) A shaded effect produced by the juxtaposition of many fine parallel lines. Tint tool (Eng.), a species of graver used for cutting the parallel lines which produce tints in engraving.

Tint

Tint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinting.] To give a slight coloring to; to tinge.

Tintamar

Tin`ta*mar" (?), n. [F. tintamarre.] A hideous or confused noise; an uproar. [Obs.] Howell.

Tinternell

Tin"ter*nell (?), n. A certain old dance. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Tintle

Tin"tle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wren. [Prov. Eng.]

Tintinnabular, Tintinnabulary

Tin`tin*nab"u*lar (?), Tin`tin*nab"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. tintinnabuluma little bell, fr. tintinnare to ring, to jingle, tinnire to jingle.] Having or making the sound of a bell; tinkling.

Tintinnabulation

Tin`tin*nab`u*la"tion (?), n. A tinkling sound, as of a bell or bells. Poe.

Tintinnabulous

Tin`tin*nab"u*lous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the tinkling of a bell; having a tinkling sound; tintinnabular. De Quincey.

Tinto

Tin"to (?), n. [Pg., tinged, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to tinge. See Tint, n.] A red Madeira wine, wanting the high aroma of the white sorts, and, when old, resembling tawny port.

Tintype

Tin"type` (?), n. Same as Ferrotype.

Tinware

Tin"ware` (?), n. Articles made of tinned iron.

Tiny

Ti"ny (?), a. [Compar. Tinier (?); superl. Tiniest.] [Probably fr. tine, teen, trouble, distress, vexation.] Very small; little; puny.
When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak.

Tip

Tip (?), n. [Akin to D. & Dan. tip, LG. & Sw. tipp, G. zipfel, and probably to E. tap a plug, a pipe.]

1. The point or extremity of anything; a pointed or somewhat sharply rounded end; the end; as, the tip of the finger; the tip of a spear.

To the very tip of the nose. Shak.

2. An end piece or part; a piece, as a cap, nozzle, ferrule, or point, applied to the extreme end of anything; as, a tip for an umbrella, a shoe, a gas burner, etc.

3. (Hat Manuf.) A piece of stiffened lining pasted on the inside of a hat crown.

4. A thin, boarded brush made of camel's hair, used by gilders in lifting gold leaf.

5. Rubbish thrown from a quarry.

Tip

Tip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tipping.] To form a point upon; to cover the tip, top, or end of; as, to tip anything with gold or silver.
With truncheon tipped with iron head. Hudibras.
Tipped with jet, Fair ermines spotless as the snows they press. Thomson.

Tip

Tip, v. t. [Cf. LG. tippen to tap, Sw. tippa, and E. tap to strike gently.]

1. To strike slightly; to tap.

A third rogue tips me by the elbow. Swift.

2. To bestow a gift, or douceur, upon; to give a present to; as, to tip a servant. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

3. To lower one end of, or to throw upon the end; to tilt; as, to tip a cask; to tip a cart.

To tip off, to pour out, as liquor. -- To tip over, to overturn. -- To tip the wink, to direct a wink; to give a hint or suggestion by, or as by, a wink. [Slang] Pope. -- To tip up, to turn partly over by raising one end.

Tip

Tip, v. i. To fall on, or incline to, one side. Bunyan. To tip off, to fall off by tipping.

Tip

Tip, n. [See Tip to strike slightly, and cf. Tap a slight blow.]

1. A light touch or blow; a tap.

2. A gift; a douceur; a fee. [Colloq.]

3. A hint, or secret intimation, as to the chances in a horse race, or the like. [Sporting Cant]

Tipcart

Tip"cart` (?), n. A cart so constructed that the body can be easily tipped, in order to dump the load.

Tipcat

Tip"cat` (?), n. A game in which a small piece of wood pointed at both ends, called a cat, is tipped, or struck with a stick or bat, so as to fly into the air.
In the middle of a game at tipcat, he paused, and stood staring wildly upward with his stick in his hand. Macaulay.

Tipper

Tip"per (?), n. A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well; -- so called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper. [Eng.]

Tippet

Tip"pet (?), n. [OE. tipet, tepet, AS. t\'91ppet, probably fr. L. tapete tapestry, hangings. Cf. Tape, Tapestry, Tapet.]

1. A cape, or scarflike garment for covering the neck, or the neck and shoulders, -- usually made of fur, cloth, or other warm material. Chaucer. Bacon.

2. A length of twisted hair or gut in a fish line. [Scot.]

3. A handful of straw bound together at one end, and used for thatching. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tippet grebe (Zo\'94l.), the great crested grebe, or one of several similar species. -- Tippet grouse (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed grouse. -- To turn tippet, to change. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Tipping

Tip"ping (?), n. (Mus.) A distinct articulation given in playing quick notes on the flute, by striking the tongue against the roof of the mouth; double-tonguing.

Tipple

Tip"ple (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tippled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tippling (?).] [From tip a small end, or a word akin to it; cf. Norw. tipla to tipple, to drip, Prov. E. tip, tiff, tift, a draught of liquor, dial. G. zipfeln to eat and drink in small parts. See Tip a point, and cf. Tipsy.] To drink spirituous or strong liquors habitually; to indulge in the frequent and improper used of spirituous liquors; especially, to drink frequently in small quantities, but without absolute drunkeness.
Few of those who were summoned left their homes, and those few generally found it more agreeable to tipple in alehouses than to pace the streets. Macaulay.

Tipple

Tip"ple, v. t.

1. To drink, as strong liquors, frequently or in excess.

Himself, for saving charges, A peeled, sliced onions eats, and tipples verjuice. Dryden.

2. To put up in bundles in order to dry, as hay.

Tipple

Tip"ple, n. Liquor taken in tippling; drink.
Pulque, the national tipple of Mexico. S. B. Griffin.

Tippled

Tip"pled (?), a. Intoxicated; inebriated; tipsy; drunk. [R.] Dryden.

Tippler

Tip"pler (?), n.

1. One who keeps a tippling-house. [Obs.] Latimer.

2. One who habitually indulges in the excessive use of spirituous liquors, whether he becomes intoxicated or not.

Tippling-house

Tip"pling-house` (?), n. A house in which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities, to be drunk on the premises.

Tipsify

Tip"si*fy (?), v. t. [Tipsy + -fy.] To make tipsy. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Tipsily

Tip"si*ly, adv. In a tipsy manner; like one tipsy.

Tipsiness

Tip"si*ness, n. The state of being tipsy.

Tipstaff

Tip"staff` (?), n.; pl. Tipstaff (.

1. A staff tipped with metal. Bacon.

2. An officer who bears a staff tipped with metal; a constable. Macaulay.

Tipsy

Tip"sy (?), a. [Compar. Tipsier (?); superl. Tipsiest.] [Akin to tipple; cf. Prov. G. tips drunkenness, betipst drunk, tipsy. See Tipple.]

1. Being under the influence of strong drink; rendered weak or foolish by liquor, but not absolutely or completely drunk; fuddled; intoxicated.

2. Staggering, as if from intoxication; reeling.

Midnight shout and revelry, Tipsy dance and jollity. Milton.

Tiptoe

Tip"toe` (?), n.; pl. Tiptoes (. The end, or tip, of the toe.
He must . . . stand on his typtoon [tiptoes]. Chaucer.
Upon his tiptoes stalketh stately by. Spenser.
To be, ∨ To stand, a tiptoe ∨ on tiptoe, to be awake or alive to anything; to be roused; to be eager or alert; as, to be a tiptoe with expectation.
Page 1512

Tiptoe

Tip"toe` (?), a.

1. Being on tiptoe, or as on tiptoe; hence, raised as high as possible; lifted up; exalted; also, alert.

Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops. Shak.
Above the tiptoe pinnacle of glory. Byron.

2. Noiseless; stealthy. "With tiptoe step." Cowper.

Tiptoe mirth, the highest degree of mirth. Sir W. Scott.

Tiptoe

Tip"toe`, v. i. To step or walk on tiptoe.

Tiptop

Tip"top` (?), n. [Tip end + top.] The highest or utmost degree; the best of anything. [Colloq.]

Tiptop

Tip"top`, a. Very excellent; most excellent; perfect. [Colloq.] "Four tiptop voices." Gray. "Sung in a tiptop manner." Goldsmith.

Tipula

Tip"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. Tipul\'91 (#), E. Tipulas (#). [L., the water spider, or water spinner.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of long-legged dipterous insects belonging to Tipula and allied genera. They have long and slender bodies. See Crane fly, under Crane.

Tipulary

Tip"u*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. tipulaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tipulas.

Tip-up

Tip"-up` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted sandpiper; -- called also teeter-tail. See under Sandpiper.

Tirade

Ti*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. It. tirada, properly, a pulling; hence, a lengthening out, a long speech, a tirade, fr. tirare to draw; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tear to redn. See Tear to rend, and cf. Tire to tear.] A declamatory strain or flight of censure or abuse; a rambling invective; an oration or harangue abounding in censorious and bitter language.
Here he delivers a violent tirade against persons who profess to know anything about angels. Quarterly Review.

Tirailleur

Ti`rail`leur" (?), n. [F., from tirailler to skirmish, wrest, from tirer to draw.] (Mil.) Formerly, a member of an independent body of marksmen in the French army. They were used sometimes in front of the army to annoy the enemy, sometimes in the rear to check his pursuit. The term is now applied to all troops acting as skirmishers.

Tire

Tire (?), n. A tier, row, or rank. See Tier. [Obs.]
In posture to displode their second tire Of thunder. Milton.

Tire

Tire, n. [Aphetic form of attire; OE. tir, a tir. See Attire.]

1. Attire; apparel. [Archaic] "Having rich tire about you." Shak.

2. A covering for the head; a headdress.

On her head she wore a tire of gold. Spenser.

3. A child's apron, covering the breast and having no sleeves; a pinafore; a tier.

4. Furniture; apparatus; equipment. [Obs.] "The tire of war." Philips.

5. [Probably the same word, and so called as being an attire or covering for the wheel.] A hoop or band, as of metal, on the circumference of the wheel of a vehicle, to impart strength and receive the wear. &hand; The iron tire of a wagon wheel or cart wheel binds the fellies together. The tire of a locomotive or railroad-car wheel is a heavy hoop of iron or steel shrunk tightly upon an iron central part. The wheel of a bicycle has a tire of India rubber.

Tire

Tire, v. t. To adorn; to attire; to dress. [Obs.]
[Jezebel] painted her face, and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.

Tire

Tire, v. i. [F. tirer to draw or pull; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tear to rend. See Tirade.]

1. To seize, pull, and tear prey, as a hawk does. [Obs.]

Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast, Tires with her beak on feathers, flesh, and bone. Shak.
Ye dregs of baseness, vultures among men, That tire upon the hearts of generous spirits. B. Jonson.

2. To seize, rend, or tear something as prey; to be fixed upon, or engaged with, anything. [Obs.]

Thus made she her remove, And left wrath tiring on her son. Chapman.
Upon that were my thoughts tiring. Shak.

Tire

Tire, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiring.] [OE. teorien to become weary, to fail, AS. teorian to be tired, be weary, to tire, exhaust; perhaps akin to E. tear to rend, the intermediate sense being, perhaps, to wear out; or cf. E. tarry.] To become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to have the patience exhausted; as, a feeble person soon tires.

Tire

Tire, v. t. To exhaust the strength of, as by toil or labor; to exhaust the patience of; to wear out (one's interest, attention, or the like); to weary; to fatigue; to jade. Shak.
Tired with toil, all hopes of safety past. Dryden.
To tire out, to weary or fatigue to exhaustion; to harass. Syn. -- To jade; weary; exhaust; harass. See Jade.

Tired

Tired (?), a. Weary; fatigued; exhausted.

Tiredness

Tired"ness, n. The state of being tired, or weary.

Tireless

Tire"less (?), a. Untiring.

Tireling

Tire"ling (?), a. Tired; fatigued. [Obs.]

Tiresome

Tire"some (?), a. Fitted or tending to tire; exhausted; wearisome; fatiguing; tedious; as, a tiresome journey; a tiresome discourse. -- Tire"some*ly, adv. -- Tire"some*ness, n.

Tire-woman

Tire"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Tire-women (#). [See Tire attire, Attire.]

1. A lady's maid.

Fashionableness of the tire-woman's making. Locke.

2. A dresser in a theater. Simmonds.

Tiring-house

Tir"ing-house` (?), n. [For attiring house.] A tiring-room. [Obs.] Shak.

Tiring-room

Tir"ing-room` (?), n. [For attiring room.] The room or place where players dress for the stage.

Tirma

Tir"ma (?), n. The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.]

Tiro

Ti"ro (?), n. [L.] Same as Tyro.

T iron

T" i`ron (?). See under T.

Tironian

Ti*ro"ni*an (?), a. [L. Tironianus, fr. Tiro, the learned freedman and amanuensis of Cicero.] Of or pertaining to Tiro, or a system of shorthand said to have been introduced by him into ancient Rome.

Tirralirra

Tir"ra*lir`ra (?), n. A verbal imitation of a musical sound, as of the note of a lark or a horn.
The lark, that tirra lyra chants. Shak.
"Tirralira, " by the river, Sang Sir Lancelot. Tennyson.

Tirrit

Tir"rit (?), n. A word from the vocabulary of Mrs. Quickly, the hostess in Shakespeare's Henry IV., probably meaning terror.

Tirwit

Tir"wit (?), n. [Cf. Pewit.] (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

'T is

'T is (?). A common contraction of it is.

Tisane

Ti*sane" (?), n. [F.] (Med.) See Ptisan.

Tisar

Ti"sar (?), n. [F. tisard.] (Glass Manuf.) The fireplace at the side of an annealing oven. Knight.

Tisic, Tisical

Tis"ic (?), Tis"ic*al (?), a. [For phthisic, phthisical.] Consumptive, phthisical.

Tisic

Tis"ic, n. Consumption; phthisis. See Phthisis.

Tisicky

Tis"ick*y (?), a. Consumptive, phthisical.

Tisri

Tis"ri (?), n. [Heb. tishr\'c6, fr. Chald. sher\'be' to open, to begin.] The seventh month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of September with a part of October.

Tissue

Tis"sue (?), n. [F. tissu, fr. tissu, p.p. of tisser, tistre, to weave, fr. L. texere. See Text.]

1. A woven fabric.

2. A fine transparent silk stuff, used for veils, etc.; specifically, cloth interwoven with gold or silver threads, or embossed with figures.

A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire. Dryden.
In their glittering tissues bear emblazed Holy memorials. Milton.

3. (Biol.) One of the elementary materials or fibres, having a uniform structure and a specialized function, of which ordinary animals and plants are composed; a texture; as, epithelial tissue; connective tissue. &hand; The term tissue is also often applied in a wider sense to all the materials or elementary tissues, differing in structure and function, which go to make up an organ; as, vascular tissue, tegumentary tissue, etc.

4. Fig.: Web; texture; complicated fabrication; connected series; as, a tissue of forgeries, or of falsehood.

Unwilling to leave the dry bones of Agnosticism wholly unclothed with any living tissue of religious emotion. A. J. Balfour.
Tissue paper, very thin, gauzelike paper, used for protecting engravings in books, for wrapping up delicate articles, etc.

Tissue

Tis"sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tissued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tissuing.] To form tissue of; to interweave.
Covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue. Bacon.

Tissued

Tis"sued (?), a. Clothed in, or adorned with, tissue; also, variegated; as, tissued flowers. Cowper.
And crested chiefs and tissued dames Assembled at the clarion's call. T. Warton.

Tit

Tit (?), n.

1. A small horse. Tusser.

2. A woman; -- used in contempt. Burton.

3. A morsel; a bit. Halliwell.

4. [OE.; cf. Icel. titter a tit or small bird. The word probably meant originally, something small, and is perhaps the same as teat. Cf. Titmouse, Tittle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to the families Parid\'91 and Leiotrichid\'91; a titmouse. (b) The European meadow pipit; a titlark.

Ground tit. (Zo\'94l.) See Wren tit, under Wren. -- Hill tit (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to Siva, Milna, and allied genera. -- Tit babbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small East Indian and Asiatic timaline birds of the genus Trichastoma. -- Tit for tat. [Probably for tip for tap. See Tip a slight blow.] An equivalent; retaliation. -- Tit thrush (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic and Esat Indian birds belonging to Suthora and allied genera. In some respects they are intermediate between the thrushes and titmice.

Titan

Ti"tan (?), a. Titanic.
The Titan physical difficulties of his enterprise. I. Taylor.

Titanate

Ti"tan*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of titanic acid.

Titanic

Ti*tan"ic (?), a. Of or relating to Titans, or fabled giants of ancient mythology; hence, enormous in size or strength; as, Titanic structures.

Titanic

Ti*tan"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. titanique.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to titanium; derived from, or containing, titanium; specifically, designating those compounds of titanium in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with the titanous compounds. Titanic acid (Chem.), a white amorphous powder, Ti.(OH)4, obtained by decomposing certain titanates; -- called also normal titanic acid. By extension, any one of a series of derived acids, called also metatitanic acid, polytitanic acid, etc. -- Titanic iron ore. (Min.) See Menaccanite.

Titaniferous

Ti`tan*if"er*ous (?), a. [Titanium + -ferous: cf. F. titanif\'8are.] Containing or affording titanium; as, titaniferous magnetite.

Titanite

Ti"tan*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. titanite; -- so called from containing titanic acid.] (Min.) See Sphene.

Titanitic

Ti`tan*it"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, titanium; as, a titanitic mineral.

Titanium

Ti*ta"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Titani or Titanes, Gr. (Chem.) An elementary substance found combined in the minerals manaccanite, rutile, sphene, etc., and isolated as an infusible iron-gray amorphous powder, having a metallic luster. It burns when heated in the air. Symbol Ti. Atomic weight 48.1.

Titano-

Ti"tan*o- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) designating certain double compounds of titanium with some other elements; as, titano-cyanide, titano-fluoride, titano-silicate, etc.

Titanotherium

Ti`tan*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A large American Miocene mammal, allied to the rhinoceros, and more nearly to the extinct Brontotherium.

Titanous

Ti"tan*ous (?), a. Designating certain compounds of titanium in which that element has a lower valence as contrasted with titanic compounds.

Titbit

Tit"bit` (?), n. Same as Tidbit.

Tith

Tith (?), a. [See Tight, a.] Tight; nimble. [Obs.]
Of a good stirring strain too, she goes tith. Beau. & Fl.

Tithable

Tith"a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of tithes; as, tithable lands.

Tithe

Tithe (?), n. [OE. tithe, tethe, properly an adj., tenth, AS. te\'a2 the tenth; akin to ti\'82n, t, t\'c7n, ten, G. zehnte, adj., tenth, n., a tithe, Icel. t\'c6und the tenth; tithe, Goth. ta\'a1hunda tenth. See Ten, and cf. Tenth, Teind.]

1. A tenth; the tenth part of anything; specifically, the tenthpart of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to religious or charitable uses. Almost all the tithes of England and Wales are commuted by law into rent charges.

The tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil. Neh. xiii. 5.
&hand; Tithes are called personal when accuring from labor, art, trade, and navigation; predial, when issuing from the earth, as hay, wood, and fruit; and mixed, when accuring from beaste fed from the ground. Blackstone.

2. Hence, a small part or proportion. Bacon.

Great tithes, tithes of corn, hay, and wood. -- Mixed tithes, tithes of wool, milk, pigs, etc. -- Small tithes, personal and mixed tithes. -- Tithe commissioner, one of a board of officers appointed by the government for arranging propositions for commuting, or compounding for, tithes. [Eng.] Simmonds.

Tithe

Tithe, a. Tenth. [Obs.]
Every tithe soul, 'mongst many thousand. Shak.

Tithe

Tithe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tithed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tithing.] [As. te\'a2.] To levy a tenth part on; to tax to the amount of a tenth; to pay tithes on.
Ye tithe mint and rue. Luke xi. 42.

Tithe

Tithe, v. i. Tp pay tithes. [R.] Tusser.

Tither

Tith"er (?), n.

1. One who collects tithes. Milton.

2. One who pays tithes. [R.] Chaucer.

Tithing

Tith"ing, n. [AS. te\'a2.]

1. The act of levying or taking tithes; that which is taken as tithe; a tithe.

To take tithing of their blood and sweat. Motley.

2. (O. Eng. Law) A number or company of ten householders who, dwelling near each other, were sureties or frankpledges to the king for the good behavior of each other; a decennary. Blackstone.

Tithingman

Tith"ing*man (?), n.; pl. Tithingmen (.

1. (O. Eng. Law) The chief man of a tithing; a headborough; one elected to preside over the tithing.

2. (Law) A peace officer; an under constable.

3. A parish officer elected annually to preserve good order in the church during divine service, to make complaint of any disorderly conduct, and to enforce the observance of the Sabbath. [Local, U.S.]

Tithly

Tith"ly (?), a. [From Tith.] Tightly; nimbly. [Obs.] "I have seen him trip it tithly." Beau. & Fl.

Tithonic

Ti*thon"ic (?), a. [L. Tithonius belonging to Tithonus, the consort of Aurora, Gr. Of, pertaining to, or denoting, those rays of light which produce chemical effects; actinic. [R.]

Tithonicity

Tith`o*nic"i*ty (?), n. (Chem. & Physics) The state or property of being tithonic; actinism. [R.]

Tithonographic

Ti*thon`o*graph"ic (?), a. [Tithonic + -graph + -ic.] Of, relating to, or produced by, the chemical action of rays of light; photographic.

Tithonometer

Tith`o*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Tithonic + -meter.] An instrument or apparatus for measuring or detecting tithonicity; an actinometer. [R.]

Tithymal

Tith"y*mal (?), n. [L. tithymalus a plant with a milklike sap, Gr. tithymale.] (Bot.) Any kind of spurge, esp. Euphorbia Cyparissias.

Titi

Ti"ti (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Teetee.

Titillate

Tit"il*late (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Titillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titillating.] [L. titillatus, p.p. of titillare.] To tickle; as, to titillate the nose with a feather.
The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope.

Titillation

Tit`il*la"tion (?), n. [L. titillatio: cf. F. titillation.]

1. The act of tickling, or the state of being tickled; a tickling sensation. A. Tucker.

2. Any pleasurable sensation.

Those titillations that reach no higher than the senses. Glanvill.

Titillative

Tit"il*la*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to titillate, or tickle; tickling.

Titlark

Tit"lark` (?), n. [Tit a small bird + lark.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous small spring birds belonging to Anthus, Corydalla, and allied genera, which resemble the true larks in color and in having a very long hind claw; especially, the European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis).

Title

Ti"tle (?), n. [OF. title, F. titre, L. titulus an inscription, label, title, sign, token. Cf. Tilde, Titrate, Titular.]

1. An inscription put over or upon anything as a name by which it is known.

2. The inscription in the beginning of a book, usually containing the subject of the work, the author's and publisher's names, the date, etc.

3. (Bookbindng) The panel for the name, between the bands of the back of a book.

4. A section or division of a subject, as of a law, a book, specif. (Roman & Canon Laws), a chapter or division of a law book.

5. An appellation of dignity, distinction, or pre\'89minence (hereditary or acquired), given to persons, as duke marquis, honorable, esquire, etc.

With his former title greet Macbeth. Shak.

6. A name; an appellation; a designation.

7. (Law) (a) That which constitutes a just cause of exclusive possession; that which is the foundation of ownership of property, real or personal; a right; as, a good title to an estate, or an imperfect title. (b) The instrument which is evidence of a right. (c) (Canon Law) That by which a beneficiary holds a benefice.

8. (Anc. Church Records) A church to which a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside.

Title deeds (Law), the muniments or evidences of ownership; as, the title deeds to an estate. Syn. -- Epithet; name; appellation; denomination. See epithet, and Name.
Page 1513

Title

Ti"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titling (?).] [Cf. L. titulare, F. titrer. See Title, n.] To call by a title; to name; to entitle.
Hadrian, having quieted the island, took it for honor to be titled on his coin, "The Restorer of Britain." Milton.

Titled

Ti"tled (?), a. Having or bearing a title.

Titleless

Ti"tle*less (?), a. Not having a title or name; without legitimate title. "A titleless tyrant." Chaucer.

Title-page

Ti"tle-page` (?), n. The page of a book which contains it title.
The world's all title-page; there's no contents. Young.

Titler

Tit"ler (?), n. A large truncated cone of refined sugar.

Titling

Tit"ling (?), n. [Icel. titlingr a tit sparrow. See Tit a small bird.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hedge sparrow; -- called also titlene. Its nest often chosen by the cuckoo as a place for depositing its own eggs.

The titling, . . . being thus deceived, hatcheth the egg, and bringeth up the chick of another bird. Holland.
(b) The meadow pipit.

2. Stockfish; -- formerly so called in customhouses.

Titmal

Tit"mal (?), n. The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Titmouse

Tit"mouse` (?), n.; pl. Titmice (#). [OE. titemose, titmase; tit small, or a small bird + AS. m\'bese a kind of small bird; akin to D. mees a titmouse, G. meise, OHG. meisa, Icel. meisingr. The English form has been influenced by the unrelated word mouse. Cf. Tit a small bird.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small insectivorous singing birds belonging to Parus and allied genera; -- called also tit, and tomtit. &hand; The blue titmouse (Parus c\'d2ruleus), the marsh titmouse (P. palustris), the crested titmouse (P. cristatus), the great titmouse (P. major), and the long tailed titmouse (\'92githalos caudatus), are the best-known European species. See Chickadee.

Titrate

Ti"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titrating.] [F. titrer, from titre standard, title. See Title, n.] (Chem.) To analyse, or determine the strength of, by means of standard solutions. Cf. Standardized solution, under Solution.

Titrated

Ti"tra*ted (?), a. (Chem.) Standardized; determined or analyzed by titration; as, titrated solutions.

Titration

Ti*tra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of titrating; a substance obtained by titrating.

Titter

Tit"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tittering.] [Probably of imitative origin.] To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper teeth; to laugh with restraint, or without much noise; to giggle.
A group of tittering pages ran before. Longfellow.

Titter

Tit"ter, n. A restrained laugh. "There was a titter of . . . delight on his countenance." Coleridge.

Titter

Tit"ter, v. i. To seesaw. See Teeter.

Titterel

Tit"ter*el (?), n. The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.]

Titter-totter

Tit"ter-tot`ter (?), v. i. See Teeter.

Tittimouse

Tit"ti*mouse` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tittle

Tit"tle (?), n. [OE. titel, titil, apparently a dim. of tit, in the sense of small; cf. G. t\'81ttel a tittle, dim. of OHG. tutta teat. Perhaps, however, the same word as title, n.] A particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota.
It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail. Luke xvi. 17.
Every tittle of this prophecy is most exactly verified. South.

Tittlebat

Tit"tle*bat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The three-spined stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

Tittle-tattle

Tit"tle-tat`tle (?), n. [A reduplication of tattle.]

1. Idle, trifling talk; empty prattle. Arbuthnot.

2. An idle, trifling talker; a gossip. [R.] Tatler.

Tittle-tattle

Tit"tle-tat`tle, v. i. To talk idly; to prate. Shak.

Tittle-tattling

Tit"tle-tat`tling (?), n. The act or habit of parting idly or gossiping.

Titty

Tit"ty (?), n. A little teat; a nipple. [Familiar]

Titubate

Tit"u*bate (?), v. i. [L. titubatus, p.p. of titubare to stagger, totter.]

1. To stumble. [Obs.]

2. To rock or roll, as a curved body on a plane.

Titubation

Tit`u*ba"tion (?), n. [L. titubatio: cf. F. titubation.] The act of stumbling, rocking, or rolling; a reeling. Quain.

Titular

Tit"u*lar (?), a. [F. titulaire, fr. L. titulus. See Title.] Existing in title or name only; nominal; having the title to an office or dignity without discharging its appropriate duties; as, a titular prince.
If these magnificent titles yet remain Not merely titular. Milton.
Titular bishop. See under Bishop.

Titular

Tit"u*lar, n. A titulary. [R.]

Titularity

Tit`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being titular. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Titularly

Tit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a titular manner; nominally; by title only.

Titulary

Tit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl. Titularies (#). [Cf. F. titulaire.] A person invested with a title, in virtue of which he holds an office or benefice, whether he performs the duties of it or not.

Titulary

Tit"u*la*ry, a.

1. Consisting in a title; titular.

2. Of or pertaining to a title.

Tituled

Tit"uled (?), a. Having a title. [Obs.] Fuller.

Tiver

Tiv"er (?), n. [AS. te\'a0for, te\'a0fur.] A kind of ocher which is used in some parts of England in marking sheep. [Prov. Eng.]

Tiver

Tiv"er, v. t. To mark with tiver. [Prov. Eng.]

Tivy

Tiv"y (?), adv. [See Tantivy.] With great speed; -- a huntsman's word or sound. Dryden.

Tiza

Ti"za (?), n. [CF. Sp. tiza whitening, a kind of chalk or pipe clay.] (Chem.) See Ulexite.

Tmesis

Tme"sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Gram.) The separation of the parts of a compound word by the intervention of one or more words; as, in what place soever, for whatsoever place.

To-

To- (?, see To, prep.) [AS. to- asunder; akin to G. zer-, and perhaps to L. dis-, or Gr. An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound verbs; as in to-beat, to-break, to-hew, to-rend, to-tear. See these words in the Vocabulary. See the Note on All to, or All-to, under All, adv.

To

To (emphatic or alone, obscure or unemphatic), prep. [AS. t\'d3; akin to OS. & OFries. t\'d3, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, z\'d3, Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr. Too, Tatoo a beat of drums.]

1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; -- opposed to from. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer.

Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Shak.
So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled. Milton.
I'll to him again, . . . He'll tell me all his purpose. She stretched her arms to heaven. Dryden.

2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor. &hand; Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. "When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest." Chaucer.

3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor.

Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter. B. Jonson.
Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. Shak.
Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7.
I have a king's oath to the contrary. Shak.
Numbers were crowded to death. Clarendon.
Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden.
Go, buckle to the law. Dryden.

4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out for see? (Matt. xi. 8).

Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeken strange stranders. Chaucer.
Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to.

5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as, they met us to the number of three hundred.

We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man. Shak.
Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. Quant. Rev.
(b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged hand to hand.
Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
(d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind.
He to God's image, she to his was made. Dryden.
(e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him.
All that they did was piety to this. B. Jonson.
(f) Addition; union; accumulation.
Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage. Denham.
(g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano.
Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft recorders. Milton.
(h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic] "I have a king here to my flatterer." Shak.
Made his masters and others . . . to consider him to a little wonder. Walton.
&hand; To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to-morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as, to-day is ours.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. Shak.
 To and again, to and fro. [R.] -- To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial.
There was great showing both to and fro. Chaucer.
-- To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to-and-fro. Tennyson. -- To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. -- To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i. &hand; To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!" Shak.

Toad

Toad (?), n. [OE. tode, tade, AS. t\'bedie, t\'bedige; of unknown origin. Cf. Tadpole.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family Bufonid\'91. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid. &hand; The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species. The common American toad (B. lentiginosus) is similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active, moving chiefly by leaping. Obstetrical toad. (Zo\'94l.) See under Obstetrical. -- Surinam toad. (Zo\'94l.) See Pita. -- Toad lizard (Zo\'94l.), a horned toad. -- Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior. -- Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius). -- Toad snatcher (Zo\'94l.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Toad spittle. (Zo\'94l.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Tree toad. (Zo\'94l.) See under Tree.

Toadeater

Toad"eat`er (?), n. [Said to be so called in allusion to an old alleged practice among mountebanks' boys of eating toads (popularly supposed to be poisonous), in order that their masters might have an opportunity of pretending to effect a cure. The French equivalent expression is un avaleur de couleuvres. Cf. Toady.] A fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant; a flatterer; a toady. V. Knox.
You had nearly imposed upon me, but you have lost your labor. You're too zealous a toadeater, and betray yourself. Dickens.

Toadfish

Toad"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any marine fish of the genus Batrachus, having a large, thick head and a wide mouth, and bearing some resemblance to a toad. The American species (Batrachus tau) is very common in shallow water. Called also oyster fish, and sapo. (b) The angler. (c) A swellfish.

Toadflax

Toad"flax` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb (Linaria vulgaris) of the Figwort family, having narrow leaves and showy orange and yellow flowers; -- called also butter and eggs, flaxweed, and ramsted.

Toadhead

Toad"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]

Toadish

Toad"ish, a. Like a toad. [Obs.] A. Stafford.

Toadlet

Toad"let (?), n. A small toad. [R.] Coleridge.

Toadstone

Toad"stone` (?), n.

1. (Min.) A local name for the igneous rocks of Derbyshire, England; -- said by some to be derived from the German todter stein, meaning dead stone, that is, stone which contains no ores.

2. Bufonite, formerly regarded as a precious stone, and worn as a jewel. See Bufonite.

Toadstool

Toad"stool` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to many umbrella-shaped fungi, mostly of the genus Agaricus. The species are almost numberless. They grow on decaying organic matter.

Toady

Toad"y (?), n.; pl. Toadies (#). [Shortened from toadeater.]

1. A mean flatterer; a toadeater; a sycophant.

Before I had been standing at the window five minutes, they somehow conveyed to me that they were all toadies and humbugs. Dickens.

2. A coarse, rustic woman. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Page 1514

Toady

Toad"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toadied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toadying.] To fawn upon with mean sycophancy.

Toadyism

Toad"y*ism (?), n. The practice of meanly fawning on another; base sycophancy; servile adulation.

Toast

Toast (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toasted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toasting.] [OF. toster to roast, toast, fr. L. torrere, tostum, to parch, roast. See Torrid.]

1. To dry and brown by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread.

2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet.

3. To name when a health is proposed to be drunk; to drink to the health, or in honor, of; as, to toast a lady.

Toast

Toast, n. [OF. toste, or tost\'82e, toasted bread. See Toast, v.]

1. Bread dried and browned before a fire, usually in slices; also, a kind of food prepared by putting slices of toasted bread into milk, gravy, etc. <-- now usu. prepared in an electrical toaster. See toaster. -->

My sober evening let the tankard bless, With toast embrowned, and fragrant nutmeg fraught. T. Warton.

2. A lady in honor of whom persons or a company are invited to drink; -- so called because toasts were formerly put into the liquor, as a great delicacy.

It now came to the time of Mr. Jones to give a toast . . . who could not refrain from mentioning his dear Sophia. Fielding.

3. Hence, any person, especially a person of distinction, in honor of whom a health is drunk; hence, also, anything so commemorated; a sentiment, as "The land we live in," "The day we celebrate," etc.

Toast rack, a small rack or stand for a table, having partitions for holding slices of dry toast.

Toaster

Toast"er (?), n.

1. One who toasts.

2. A kitchen utensil for toasting bread, cheese, etc.<-- since 1950, usu. operated by electricity, with heating coils arranged so as to brown a slice of bread evenly over both surfaces. --> <--

Toaster oven. an electrical toaster. -->

Toasting

Toast"ing, a. & n. from Toast, v. Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire.

Toastmaster

Toast"mas`ter (?), n. A person who presides at a public dinner or banquet, and announces the toasts.

Toat

Toat (?), n. The handle of a joiner's plane. Knight.

Tobacco

To*bac"co (?), n. [Sp. tabaco, fr. the Indian tabaco the tube or pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive the word from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was said to be first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.]

1. (Bot.) An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste. &hand; The name is extended to other species of the genus, and to some unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco (Nicotiana rustica, and also Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco (Arnica montana), and Shiraz tobacco (Nicotiana Persica).

2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways.

Tobacco box (Zo\'94l.), the common American skate. -- Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine. -- Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] -- Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.) Same as Indian pipe, under Indian. -- Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making tobacco pipes; -- called also cimolite. -- Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zo\'94l.) See Pipemouth. -- Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe as it is smoked. -- Tobacco worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, ∨ Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth.

Tobacconing

To*bac"co*ning (?), n. Smoking tobacco. [Obs.] "Tobacconing is but a smoky play." [Obs.] Sylvester.

Tobacconist

To*bac"co*nist (?), n.

1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco.

2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester.

To-beat

To-beat" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + beat.] To beat thoroughly or severely. [Obs.] Layamon.

Tobias fish

To*bi"as fish` (?). [See the Note under Asmodeus, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zo\'94l.) The lant, or sand eel.

Tobine

To"bine (?), n. [Cf. G. tobin, D. tabijn. See Tabby.] A stout twilled silk used for dresses.

Tobit

To"bit (?), n. A book of the Apocrypha.

Toboggan

To*bog"gan (?), n. [Corruption of American Indian odabagan a sled.] A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes; also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.]

Toboggan

To*bog"gan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tobogganed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tobogganing.] To slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett.

Tobogganer, Tobogganist

To*bog"gan*er (?), To*bog"gan*ist (?), n. One who practices tobogganing.

To-break

To-break" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + break.] To break completely; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
With nose and mouth to-broke. Chaucer.

To-brest

To-brest" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + brest.] To burst or break in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toccata

Toc*ca"ta (?), n. [It., fr. toccare to touch. See Touch.] (Mus.) An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.

Tocher

Toch"er (?), n. [Gael. tochradh.] Dowry brought by a bride to her husband. [Scot.] Burns.

Tockay

Tock"ay (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A spotted lizard native of India.

Toco

To"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A toucan (Ramphastos toco) having a very large beak. See Illust. under Toucan.

Tocology

To*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of obstetrics, or midwifery; that department of medicine which treats of parturition. [Written also tokology.]

Tocororo

To*co*ro"ro (?), n. [Probably from the native name through the Spanish: cf. Sp. tocororo.] (Zo\'94l.) A cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus) having a serrated bill and a tail concave at the end.

Tocsin

Toc"sin (?), n. [F., fr. OF. toquier to touch, F. toquer (originally, a dialectic form of F. toucher) + seint (for sein) a bell, LL. signum, fr. L. signum a sign, signal. See Touch, and Sign.] An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm.
The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm. Campbell.

Tod

Tod (t&ocr;d), n. [Akin to D. todde a rag, G. zotte shag, rag, a tuft of hair, Icel. toddi a piece of a thing, a tod of wool.]

1. A bush; a thick shrub; a bushy clump. [R.] "An ivy todde." Spenser.

The ivy tod is heavy with snow. Coleridge.

2. An old weight used in weighing wool, being usually twenty-eight pounds.

3. A fox; -- probably so named from its bushy tail.

The wolf, the tod, the brock. B. Jonson.
Tod stove, a close stove adapted for burning small round wood, twigs, etc. [U.S.] Knight.

Tod

Tod, v. t. & i. To weigh; to yield in tods. [Obs.]

To-day

To-day" (?), adv. [AS. t\'d3 d\'91g. See To, prep., and Day.] On this day; on the present day.
Worcester's horse came but to-day. Shak.

To-day

To-day", n. The present day. <-- usu. spelt today. -->
On to-day Is worth for me a thousand yesterdays. Longfellow.
<-- today adj. modern, recent. -->

Toddle

Tod"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toddling (?).] [Akin to tottle, totter.] To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child.

Toddle

Tod"dle, n. A toddling walk. Trollope.

Toddler

Tod"dler (?), n. One who toddles; especially, a young child. Mrs. Gaskell.

Toddy

Tod"dy (?), n. [Formed from Hind. t\'be the juice of the palmyra tree, popularly, toddy, fr. t\'be the palmyra tree, Skr. t\'bela.]

1. A juice drawn from various kinds of palms in the East Indies; or, a spirituous liquor procured from it by fermentation.

2. A mixture of spirit and hot water sweetened. &hand; Toddy differs from grog in having a less proportion of spirit, and is being made hot and sweetened.

Toddy bird (Zo\'94l.), a weaver bird of the East Indies and India: -- so called from its fondness for the juice of the palm. -- Toddy cat (Zo\'94l.), the common paradoxure; the palm cat.

To-do

To-do" (?), n. [To + do. Cf.Ado.] Bustle; stir; commotion; ado. [Colloq.]

Tody

To"dy (?), n.; pl. Todies (#). [Cf. NL. todus, F. todier, G. todvogel.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small insectivorous West Indian birds of the genus Todus. They are allied to the kingfishers.

Toe

Toe (?), n. [OE. too, taa, AS. t\'be; akin to D. teen, G. zehe, OHG. z\'c7ha, Icel. t\'be, Sw. t\'86, Dan. taa; of uncertain origin. \'fb60.]

1. (Anat.) One of the terminal members, or digits, of the foot of a man or an animal. "Each one, tripping on his toe." Shak.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The fore part of the hoof or foot of an animal.

3. Anything, or any part, corresponding to the toe of the foot; as, the toe of a boot; the toe of a skate.

4. (Mach.) (a) The journal, or pivot, at the lower end of a revolving shaft or spindle, which rests in a step. (b) A lateral projection at one end, or between the ends, of a piece, as a rod or bolt, by means of which it is moved. (c) A projection from the periphery of a revolving piece, acting as a cam to lift another piece.

Toe biter (Zo\'94l.), a tadpole; a polliwig. -- Toe drop (Med.), a morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated, as in talipes equinus. See Talipes.

Toe

Toe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toeing.] To touch or reach with the toes; to come fully up to; as, to toe the mark.

Toe

Toe, v. i. To hold or carry the toes (in a certain way). To toe in, to stand or carry the feet in such a way that the toes of either foot incline toward the other. -- To toe out, to have the toes of each foot, in standing or walking, incline from the other foot. <-- (Automobiles) toe in, to align the front wheels so that they point slightly toward each other. -->

Toed

Toed (?), a.

1. Having (such or so many) toes; -- chiefly used in composition; as, narrow-toed, four-toed.

2. (Carp.) Having the end secured by nails driven obliquely, said of a board, plank, or joist serving as a brace, and in general of any part of a frame secured to other parts by diagonal nailing.

To-fall

To-fall" (?), n. (Arch.) A lean-to. See Lean-to.

Toffee, Toffy

Tof"fee (?), Tof"fy (?), n. Taffy. [Eng.]

Tofore, Toforn

To*fore" (?), To*forn" (?), prep. & adv. [AS. t\'d3foran. See To, prep., Fore.] Before. [Obs.]
Toforn him goeth the loud minstrelsy. Chaucer.
Would thou wert as thou tofore hast been! Shak.

Toft

Toft (?), n. [OE. toft a knoll; akin to LG. toft a field hedged in, not far from a house, Icel. topt a green knoll, grassy place, place marked out for a house, Dan. toft.]

1. A knoll or hill. [Obs.] "A tower on a toft." Piers Plowman.

2. A grove of trees; also, a plain. [Prov. Eng.]

3. (O. Eng. Law) A place where a messuage has once stood; the site of a burnt or decayed house.

Toftman

Toft"man (?), n.; pl. Toftmen (. The owner of a toft. See Toft, 3.

Tofus

To"fus (?), n. [L., tufa.]

1. Tophus.

2. (Min.) Tufa. See under Tufa, and Toph.

Toga

To"ga (?), n.; pl. E. Togas (#), L. Tog\'91 (#). [L., akin to tegere to cover. See Thatch.] (Rom. Antiq.) The loose outer garment worn by the ancient Romans, consisting of a single broad piece of woolen cloth of a shape approaching a semicircle. It was of undyed wool, except the border of the toga pr\'91texta. Toga pr\'91texta. [L.], a toga with a broad purple border, worn by children of both sexes, by magistrates, and by persons engaged in sacred rites. -- Toga virilis [L.], the manly gown; the common toga. This was assumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their fourteenth year.

Togated

To"ga*ted (?), a. [L. togatus, from toga a toga.] Dressed in a toga or gown; wearing a gown; gowned. [R.] Sir M. Sandys.

Toged

To"ged (?), a. Togated. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

Together

To*geth"er (?), adv. [OE. togedere, togidere, AS. t\'d3g\'91dere, t\'d3g\'91dre, t\'d3gadere; t\'d3 to + gador together. \'fb29. See To, prep., and Gather.]

1. In company or association with respect to place or time; as, to live together in one house; to live together in the same age; they walked together to the town.

Soldiers can never stand idle long together. Landor.

2. In or into union; into junction; as, to sew, knit, or fasten two things together; to mix things together.

The king joined humanity and policy together. Bacon.

3. In concert; with mutual co\'94peration; as, the allies made war upon France together.

Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with; along with.
Take the bad together with the good. Dryden.

Toggery

Tog"ger*y (?), n. [Cf. Togated.] Clothes; garments; dress; as, fishing toggery. [Colloq.] <-- now the same idea is expressed as togs -->

Toggle

Tog"gle (?), n. [Cf. Tug.] [Written also toggel.]

1. (Naut.) A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes.

2. (Mach.) Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint. <-- 3. A toggle switch. Toggle, v. t. (Computer programming) To change the value of (a program variable) by activating a toggle switch. -->

Toggle iron, a harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal, is harpooned. -- Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is applied to bring them into this position. <-- Toggle switch, (Elec.) an electrical switch operated by pushing a lever through a small angle of deflection. The lever has a spring which returns it to its original position after the pressure applied by the operator is released. (Computer programming) A mechanism for acquiring input from an operator, such that taking some action (such as pressing a function key on a keyboard) will cause a program variable to take a new value. The values are usually changed in cyclic fashion, so that a certain number of activations of the toggle returns the variable to its initial value. When there are two values to the variable, each activation of the toggle causes the variable to assume the alternate value. --> <-- Illustrations here of toggle iron and togle joint. -->

Toght

Toght (?), a. Taut. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Togider, Togidres

To*gid"er (?), To*gid"res (?), adv. Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Togue

Togue (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The namaycush.

Tohew

To*hew" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + hew.] To hew in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toil

Toil (?), n. [F. toiles, pl., toils, nets, fr. toile cloth, canvas, spider web, fr. L. tela any woven stuff, a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Toilet.] A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; -- usually in the plural.
As a Numidian lion, when first caught, Endures the toil that holds him. Denham.
Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found. Dryden.

Toil

Toil, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toiling.] [OE. toilen to pull about, to toil; of uncertain origin; cf. OD. teulen, tuylen, to labor, till, or OF. tooillier, toailler, to wash, rub (cf. Towel); or perhaps ultimately from the same root as E. tug.] To exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work.

Toil

Toil, v. t.

1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] "Toiled with works of war." Shak.

2. To labor; to work; -- often with out. [R.]

Places well toiled and husbanded. Holland.
[I] toiled out my uncouth passage. Milton.
Page 1515

Toil

Toil (?), n. [OE. toil turmoil, struggle; cf. OD. tuyl labor, work. See Toil, v.] Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body.
My task of servile toil. Milton.
After such bloody toil, we bid good night. Shak.
&hand; Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil-wasted, toil-worn, and the like. Syn. -- Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. -- Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity.
You do not know the heavy grievances, The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries, Which they impose. Southern.
How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its turn to play. Goldsmith.

Toiler

Toil"er (?), n. One who toils, or labors painfully.

Toilet

Toi"let (?), n. [F. toilette, dim. of toile cloth. See Toil a net.]

1. A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or a dressing room.

2. A dressing table. Pope.

3. Act or mode of dressing, or that which is arranged in dressing; attire; dress; as, her toilet is perfect. [Written also toilette.]

Toilet glass, a looking-glass for a toilet table or for a dressing room. -- Toilet service, Toilet set, earthenware, glass, and other utensils for a dressing room. -- Toilet table, a dressing table; a toilet. See def. 2 above. -- To snake one's toilet, to dress one's self; especially, to dress one's self carefully.

Toilette

Toi*lette" (?), n. [F.] See Toilet, 3.

Toilful

Toil"ful (?), a. Producing or involving much toil; laborious; toilsome; as, toilful care. Mickle.

Toilinette

Toi`li*nette" (?), n. [F. toilinet. See Toil a net.] A cloth, the weft of which is of woolen yarn, and the warp of cotton and silk, -- used for w

Toilless

Toil"less (?), a. Free from toil.

Toilsome

Toil"some (?), a. Attended with toil, or fatigue and pain; laborious; wearisome; as, toilsome work.
What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks? Milton.
-- Toil"some*ly, adv. -- Toil"some*ness, n.

Toise

Toise (?), n. [F., fr. LL. tesa, fr. L. tensus, fem. tensa, p.p. of tendere to stretch, extend. See Tense, a.] An old measure of length in France, containing six French feet, or about 6.3946 French feet.

Tokay

To*kay" (?), n. [Named fr. Tokay in Hungary.]

1. (Bot.) A grape of an oval shape and whitish color.

2. A rich Hungarian wine made from Tokay grapes.

Token

To"ken (?), n. [OE. token, taken, AS. t\'becen; akin to OFries. t\'c7ken, OS. t\'c7kan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. t\'bekan, teiken, Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, gateihan to tell, show, AS. te\'a2n to accuse, G. zeihen, OHG. z\'c6han, G. zeigen to show, OHG. zeig\'d3n, Icel. tj\'be, L. dicere to say, Gr. di. Cf. Diction, Teach.]

1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah.

2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir.

This is some token from a never friend. Shak.

3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc.

Say, by this token, I desire his company. Shak.

4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value. &hand; It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens.

5. (Med.) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.]

Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere forerunners of their ends. Beau. & Fl.

6. (Print.) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.

7. (Ch. of Scot.) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper.

8. (Mining) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn.

Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n., 4. -- Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.

Token

To"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tokened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tokening.] [AS. t\'becnian, fr. t\'becen token. See Token, n.] To betoken. [Obs.] Shak.

Tokened

To"kened (?), a. Marked by tokens, or spots; as, the tokened pestilence. [Obs.] Shak.

Tokenless

To"ken*less (?), a. Without a token.

Tokin

Tok"in (?), n. A tocsin. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Tol

Tol (?), v. t. (Law) To take away. See Toll.

Tola

To"la (?), n. [Hind., from Skr. tul\'be a balance.] A weight of British India. The standard tola is equal to 180 grains.

Tolane

To*lane" (?), n. [From Toluene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C14H10, related both to the acetylene and the aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline substance; -- called also diphenyl acetylene.

Tolbooth

Tol"booth` (?), n. See Tollbooth.

Told

Told (?), imp. & p. p. of Tell.

Tole

Tole (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toling.] [OE. tollen to draw, to entice; of uncertain origin. Cf. Toll to ring a bell.] To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.]
Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the difficulty.

Toledo

To*le"do (?), n. A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons.

Tolerabolity

Tol`er*a*bol"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tolerable. [R.] Fuller. Wordsworth.

Tolerable

Tol"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. tolerabilis: cf. F. tol\'82rable. See Tolerate.]

1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally.

As may affect tionearth with cold and heat Scarce tolerable. Milton.

2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment, or opposition; passable; as, a tolerable administration; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden. -- Tol"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Tol"er*a*bly, adv.

Tolerance

Tol"er*ance (?), n. [L. tolerantia: cf. F. tol\'82rance.]

1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance.

Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place,shaking, to show his tolerance. Bacon.

2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons, or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration.

3. (Med.) The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or fatal.

Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint. See under Remedy.

Tolerant

Tol"er*ant (?), a. [L. tolerans, p.pr. of tolerare to tolerate: cf. F. tol\'82rant. See Tolerate.] Inclined to tolerate; favoring toleration; forbearing; ingulgent.

Tolerate

Tol"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tolerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tolerating.] [L. toleratus, p.p. of tolerare, fr. the same root as tollere to lift up, tuli, used as perfect of ferre to bear, latus (for tlatus), used as p.p. of ferre to bear, and E. thole. See Thole, and cf. Atlas, Collation, Delay, Elate, Extol, Legislate, Oblate, Prelate, Relate, Superlative, Talent, Toll to take away, Translate.] To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; to put up with; as, to tolerate doubtful practices.
Crying should not be tolerated in children. Locke.
We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration. Burke.
Syn. -- See Permit.

Toleration

Tol`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. toleratio: cf. OF. toleration.]

1. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved.

2. Specifically, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state when contrary to, or different from, those of the established church or belief.

3. Hence, freedom from bigotry and severity in judgment of the opinions or belief of others, especially in respect to religious matters.

Toll

Toll (?), v. t. [L. tollere. See Tolerate.] (O. Eng. Law) To take away; to vacate; to annul.

Toll

Toll, v. t. [See Tole.]

1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole.

2. [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.] To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. "The sexton tolled the bell." Hood.

3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak.

Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. Beattie.

4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing.

When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells. Dryden.

Toll

Toll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.] To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person.
The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. Shak.
Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell. Pope.

Toll

Toll, n. The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.

Toll

Toll (?), n. [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll, OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; -- originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.]

1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like.

2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.

3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.

Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. -- Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. -- Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. -- Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. -- Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. -- Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. -- Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. -- Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. -- Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. -- Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill. Syn. -- Tax; custom; duty; impost.

Toll

Toll (?), v. i.

1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak.

2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.]

Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice. Chaucer.
No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions. Shak.

Toll

Toll, v. t. To collect, as a toll. Shak.

Tollable

Toll"a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of toll; as, tollable goods. Wright.

Tollage

Toll"age (?), n. Payment of toll; also, the amount or quantity paid as toll. Drayton.

Tollbooth

Toll"booth` (?), n. [Toll a tax + booth.] [Written also tolbooth.]

1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.]

He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth. Wyclif (Mark ii. 14).

2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott.

Tollbooth

Toll"booth`, v. t. To imprison in a tollbooth. [R.]
That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bp. Corbet.

Toller

Toll"er (?), n. [AS. tollere.] A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman.

Toller

Toll"er, n. One who tolls a bell.

Tolletane

Tol"le*tane (?), a. [L. Toletanus.] Of or pertaining to Toledo in Spain; made in Toledo. [Obs.] "Tables Tolletanes." Chaucer.

Tollgate

Toll"gate` (?), n. A gate where toll is taken.

Tollhouse

Toll"house` (?), n.; pl. Tollhouses (. A house occupied by a receiver of tolls.

Tollman

Toll"man (?), n.; pl. Tollmen (. One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper.

Tolmen

Tol"men (?), n. See Dolmen.

Tolsester

Tol"ses*ter (?), n. [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell.

Tolsey

Tol"sey (?), n. A tollbooth; also, a merchants' meeting place, or exchange. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Tolt

Tolt (?), n. [LL. tolta, fr. L. tollere to take away.] (O. Eng. Law) A writ by which a cause pending in a court baron was removed into a country court. Cowell.

Toltec

Tol"tec (?), n. (Ethnol.) One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. -- Tol"te*can (#), a.

Tolu

To*lu" (?), n. A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam. Tolu tree (Bot.), a large tree (Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam called tolu.

Toluate

Tol"u*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of any one of the toluic acids.

Toluene

Tol"u*ene (?), n. [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.

Toluenyl

Tol`u*e"nyl (?), n. [Toluene + -yl.] (Chem.) Tolyl. [Obs.]

Toluic

To*lu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids, CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, and paratoluic acid.

Toluid

Tol"u*id (?), n. (Chem.) A complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Toluidine

To*lu"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine, metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance. &hand; It is used in the aniline dye industry, and constitutes the essential nucleus or radical of those dyes.

Toluol, Toluole

Tol"u*ol, Tol"u*ole (?) n. [Tolu + benzol.] (Chem.) Same as Toluene.

Toluric

To*lu"ric (?), a. [Toluic + uric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of three isomeric crystalline acids, C9H10ON.CO2H, which are toluyl derivatives of glycocoll.

Tolutation

Tol`u*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tolutim on a trot, properly, lifting up the feet, akin to tollere to lift up.] A pacing or ambling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Toluyl

Tol"u*yl (?), n. [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.) Any one of the three hypothetical radicals corresponding to the three toluic acids.

Toluylene

Tol"u*yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) (a) Same as Stilbene. (b) Sometimes, but less properly, tolylene.

Tolyl

Tol"yl (?), n. [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as characteristic of certain compounds of the aromatic series related to toluene; as, tolyl carbinol.

Tolylene

Tol"yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as characteristic of certain toluene derivatives.

Tolypeutine

Tol`y*peu"tine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The apar.

Tom

Tom (?), n. The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.]

Tomahawk

Tom"a*hawk (?), n. [Of American Indian origin; cf. Algonkin tomehagen, Mohegan tumnahegan, Delaware tamoihecan.] A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron.

Tomahawk

Tom"a*hawk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tomahawked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tomahawking.] To cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.

Tomaley

Tom"a`ley (?), n. The liver of the lobster, which becomes green when boiled; -- called also tomalline.
Page 1516

Toman

To*man" (?), n. [Per. t\'d3m\'ben; from a Mongol word signifying, ten thousand.] A money of account in Persia, whose value varies greatly at different times and places. Its average value may be reckoned at about two and a half dollars.

Tomato

To*ma"to (?), n.; pl. Tomatoes (#). [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.) The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked. Tomato gall (Zo\'94l.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera vitis). -- Tomato sphinx (Zo\'94l.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth. -- Tomato worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, ∨ Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also potato worm.

Tomb

Tomb (?), n. [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr. tumulus a mound. Cf. Tumulus.]

1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher.

As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shak.

2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. "In tomb of marble stones." Chaucer.

3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead.

Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak.
Tomb bat (Zo\'94l.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (T. perforatus).

Tomb

Tomb,, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.] To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb.
I tombed my brother that I might be blessed. Chapman.

Tombac

Tom"bac (?), n. [Pg. tambaca,tambaque, fr. Malay tamb\'bega copper; cf. Skr. t\'bemraka; cf. F. tombac.] (Metal.) An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, and containing about 84 per cent of copper; -- called also German, ∨ Dutch, brass. It is very malleable and ductile, and when beaten into thin leaves is sometimes called Dutch metal. The addition of arsenic makes white tombac. [Written also tombak, and tambac.]

Tombester

Tom"bes*ter (?), n. [See Tumble, and -ster.] A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tombless

Tomb"less (?), a. Destitute of a tomb.

Tomboy

Tom"boy` (?), n. [Tom (for Thomas, L. Thomas, fr. Gr. boy.] A romping girl; a hoiden. [Colloq.] J. Fletcher.

Tombstone

Tomb"stone` (?), n. A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased.

Tomcat

Tom"cat` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + cat.] A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size.

Tomcod

Tom"cod` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small edible American fish (Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen United States; -- called also frostfish. See Illust. under Frostfish. (b) The kingfish. See Kingfish (a). (c) The jack. See 2d Jack, 8. (c).

Tome

Tome (?), n. [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr. tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. Anatomy, Atom, Entomology, Epitome. ] As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; -- usually applied to a ponderous volume.
Tomes of fable and of dream. Cowper.
A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists. Macaulay.

Tomelet

Tome"let (?), n. All small tome, or volume. [R.]

Tomentose

To"men*tose` (?), a. [L. tomentum a stuffing of wool, hair, or feathers: cf. F. tomenteux.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Covered with matted woolly hairs; as, a tomentose leaf; a tomentose leaf; a tomentose membrane.

Tometous

To*me"tous (?), a. Tomentose.

Tomentum

To*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Tomenta (#). [L. See Tomentose. ] (Bot.) The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or stems of some plants.

Tomfool

Tom"fool` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + fool.] A great fool; a trifler.

Tomfoolery

Tom`fool"er*y (?), n. Folly; trifling.

Tomium

To"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Tomia (#) [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The cutting edge of the bill of a bird.

Tomjohn

Tom"john` (?), n. [Probably of East Indian origin.] A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole on men's shoulders.

Tommy

Tom"my (?), n.

1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.]

2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.] &hand; Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy-store,tommy-shop,etc.

Tomnoddy

Tom"nod`dy (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + noddy.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]

2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.

Tomopteris

To*mop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder, Gymnocopa.

Tomorn

To*morn" (?), adv. [Prep. to + morn.] To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tomorrow

To*mor"row (?), adv. [Prep. to + morrow.] On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow.
Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.

Tomorrow

To*mor"row (?), n. The day after the present; the morrow."To-morrow is our wedding day." Cowper.
One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin.

Tompion

Tom"pi*on (?), n. [See Tampios]

1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion.

2. (Mus.) A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight.

3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.

Tompon

Tom"pon (?), n. [F. tampon. See Tampion.] An inking pad used in lithographic printing.

Tomrig

Tom"rig` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + rig.)] A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis.

Tomtit

Tom"tit` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + tit the bird.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]

Tom-tom

Tom"-tom` (?), n. See Tam-tam.

Ton

Ton (?), obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

Ton

Ton (?), n. [Cf. Tunny.] (Zo\'94l.) The common tunny, or house mackerel.

Ton

Ton (?), n. [F. See Tone.] The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton. Byron.
If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish. Thackeray.
Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary.

Ton

Ton (?), n. [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, AS. tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. Tun,Tunnel.] (Com.) A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: -- (a) The weight of twenty hundredweight. &hand; In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton. (b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage. (c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc. &hand; Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun.

Tonality

To*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tonalit\'82.] (Mus.) The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole.
The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the tones of a piece, we may, with F\'82tis, term the principle of tonality. Helmholtz.

To-name

To"-name` (?), n. [prep. to + name.] A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tonca bean

Ton"ca bean` (?). (Bot.) See Tonka bean.

Tone

Tone (?), n. [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. Thin, and cf. Monotonous, Thunder, Ton fasion,Tune.]

1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone.

[Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones. Milton.
Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble.

2. (Rhet.) Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion.

Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden.

3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone.

4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones. &hand; The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost universal. &hand; Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones.

5. (Med.) That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor. &hand; In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone.

6. (Physiol.) Tonicity; as, arterial tone.

7. State of mind; temper; mood.

The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke.
Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant.

8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory.

9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners.

10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; -- commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone.

Tone color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. -- Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart.

Tone

Tone (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.]

1. To utter with an affected tone.

2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t.

3. (Photog.) To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment.

To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius.
Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley.
(c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften.
The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey.
-- To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.

Toned

Toned (?), a. Having (such) a tone; -- chiefly used in composition; as, high-toned; sweet-toned. Toned paper, paper having a slight tint, in distinction from paper which is quite white.

Toneless

Tone"less (?), a. Having no tone; unmusical.

Tong, Tonge

Tong (?), Tonge, n. Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tonga

Ton"ga (?), n. (Med.) A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.

Tongkang

Tong"kang (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago.

Tongo

Ton"go (?), n. The mangrove; -- so called in the Pacific Islands.

Tongs

Tongs (?), n. pl. [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G. zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tng, Icel. tng, Gr. dadaTang a strong taste, anything projecting.] An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; -- often called a pair of tongs.

Tongue

Tongue (?), n. [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge, D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan tunge, Goth. tugdingua, L. lingua. Language, Lingo. ]

1. (Anat.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch. &hand; The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.

To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.

2. The power of articulate utterance; speech.

Parrots imitating human tongue. Dryden.

3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression.

Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange.

4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.]

She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl.

5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. Chaucer.

Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49.
To speak all tongues. Milton.

6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions.

My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18.

7. A people having a distinct language.

A will gather all nations and tongues. Isa. lxvi. 18.

8. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect.

9. (Zo\'94l.) Any small sole.

10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: -- (a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance.

Page 1517

(b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove. (c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake. (d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked. (e) The clapper of a bell. (f) (Naut.) A sort piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces. (g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n., 5.

To hold the tongue, to be silent. -- Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone. -- Tongue grafting. See under Grafting. Syn. -- Language; speech; expression. See Language.

Tongue

Tongue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tongued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing.]

1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue." Shak.

2. To chide; to scold.

How might she tongue me. Shak
.

3. (Mus.) To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together.

Tongue

Tongue, v. i.

1. To talk; to prate. Dryden.

2. (Mus.) To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

Tonguebird

Tongue"bird` (?), n. The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]

Tongued

Tongued (?), a. Having a tongue.
Tongued like the night crow. Donne.

Tonguefish

Tongue"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A flounder (Symphurus plagiusa) native of the southern coast of the United States.

Tongueless

Tongue"less (?), a.

1. Having no tongue.

2. Hence, speechless; mute. "What tongueless blocks were they! would they not speak?" Shak.

3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.]

One good deed dying tongueless. Shak.

Tonguelet

Tongue"let (?), n. A little tongue.

Tongue-pad

Tongue"-pad` (?), n. A great talker. [Obs.]

Tongue-shaped

Tongue"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.), linear or oblong, and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped leaf.

Tongue-shell

Tongue"-shell` (?), n. Any species of Lingula.

Tonguester

Tongue"ster (?), n. One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip. [Poetic.]
Step by step we rose to greatness; through the tonguesters we may fall. Tennyson.

Tongue-tie

Tongue"-tie` (?), n. (Med.) Impeded motion of the tongue because of the shortness of the fr\'91num, or of the adhesion of its margins to the gums. Dunglison.

Tongue-tie

Tongue"-tie`, v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct articulation.

Tongue-tied

Tongue"-tied` (?), a.

1. Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an impediment in the speech, esp. when caused by a short fr\'91num.

2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause.

Love, therefore, and tongue-tied simplicity. Shak.

Tongueworm

Tongue"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Linguatulina.

Tonguy

Tongu"y (?), a. Ready or voluble in speaking; as, a tonguy speaker. [Written also tonguey.] [Colloq.]

Tonic

Ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. tonigue, Gr. Tone.]

1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."

2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power.

3. (Med.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions.

Tononic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.

Tonic

Ton"ic, n. [Cf. F. tonigue, NL. tonicum.]

1. (Phon.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.

2. (Mus.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale.

3. (Med.) A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of action to the system.

Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol-fa.

Tonical

Ton"ic*al (?), a. Tonic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Tonicicty

To*nic"ic*ty (?), n. (Physiol.) The state of healty tension or partial contraction of muscae fibers while at rest; tone; tonus.

Tonight

To*night" (?), adv. [Prep. to+night]

1. On this present or coming night.

2. On the last night past. [Obs.] Shak.

Tonight

To*night", n. The present or the coming night; the night after the present day.

Tonite

Ton"ite (?), n. [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.] An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton.

Tonka bean

Ton"ka bean` (?). [Cf. F. onca, tonka.] (Bot.) The seed of a leguminous tree (Dipteryx odorata), native of Guiana. It has a peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the scenting of snuff. Called also tiononquin bean. [Written also tonca bean, tonga bean.]

Tonnage

Ton"nage (?; 48), n. [From Ton a measure.]

1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship.

2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons; or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See Ton, n. (b).

A fleet . . . with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient to conquer the world. Motley.

3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals .

4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as, the tonnage of the United States. See Ton. &hand; There are in common use the following terms relating to tonnage: (a) Displacement. (b) Register tonnage, gross and net. (c) Freight tonnage. (d) Builders' measurement. (e) Yacht measurement. The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel, and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft. Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net tonnage, the cubical space actually available for freight-carrying purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established by law.

Tonne

Tonne (?), n. A tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tonnihood

Ton"ni*hood (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The female of the bullfinch; -- called also tonyhoop. [Prov. Eng.]

Tonnish

Ton"nish (?), a. In the ton; fashionable; modish. -- Ton"nish*ness, n.

Tonometer

To*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.]

1. (Physics.) An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones.

2. (Physiol.) (a) An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals. (b) An instrument for measuring tension, esp. that of the eyeball.

Tonometry

To*nom"e*try (?), n. The act of measuring with a tonometer; specifically (Med.), measurement of tension, esp. the tension of the eyeball.

Tonophant

Ton"o*phant (?), n. [Gr. (Physics.) A modification of the kaleidophon, for showing composition of acoustic vibrations. It consists of two thin slips of steel welded together, their length being adjystable by a screw socket.

Tonous

Ton"ous (?), a. Abounding in tone or sound.

Tonquin bean

Ton"quin bean` (?) See Tonka bean.

Tonsil

Ton"sil (?), n. [L. tonsilltonsille. ] (Anat.) One of the two glandular organs situated in the throat at the sides of the fauces. The tonsils are sometimes called the almonds, from their shape.

Tonsilar

Ton"sil*ar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tonsils; tonsilitic. [Written also tonsillar.]

Tonsile

Ton"sile (?), a. [L. tonsilis, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear, clip. See Tonsure. ] Capable of being clipped.

Tonsilitic

Ton`sil*it"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic.]

Tonsilitis

Ton`sil*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tonsil, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also, and more usually, tonsillitis.]

Tonsilotome

Ton*sil"o*tome (?), n. [Tonsil + Gr. (Surg.) An instrument for removing the tonsils.

Tonsilotomy

Ton`sil*ot"o*my (?), n. (Surg.) The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof.

Tonsor

Ton"sor (?), n. [L.] A barber. Sir W. Scott.

Tonsorial

Ton*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. tonsorius, fr. tonsor a shearer, barber, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear. See Tonsure.] Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving.

Tonsure

Ton"sure (?), n. [F., fr. L. tonsura a shearing, clipping, from tondere, tonsum, to shear, shave; cf. Gr. tome.]

1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn.

2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders. (b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank.

Tonsured

Ton"sured (?), a. Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald.
A tonsured head in middle age forlorn. Tennyson.

Tontine

Ton*tine" (?), n. [F., from It. tontina; -- so called from its inventor, Tonti, an Italian, of the 17th century.] An annuity, with the benefit of survivorship, or a loan raised on life annuities with the benefit of survivorship. Thus, an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced. Used also adjectively; as, tontine insurance.
Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and tontines, and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop. Burke.

Tonus

To"nus (?), n. [L. a sound, tone. See Tone.] (Physiol.) Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus.

Tony

To"ny (?), n.; pl. Tonies (#). [Abbrev. from Anthony.] A simpleton. L'Estrange.
A pattern and companion fit For all the keeping tonies of the pit. Dryden.

Too

Too (?), adv. [The same word as to, prep. See To.]

1. Over; more than enough; -- noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much.

His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn. Cowley.

2. Likewise; also; in addition.

An honest courtier, yet a patriot too. Pope.
Let those eyes that view The daring crime, behold the vengeance too. Pope.
Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess.
O that this too too solid flesh would melt. Shak.
Such is not Charles his too too active age. Dryden.
Syn. -- Also; likewise. See Also.

Took

Took (?), imp. of Take.

Tool

Tool (?), n. [OE. tol,tool. AS. tl; akin to Icel. tl, Goth. taijan to do, to make, taui deed, work, and perhaps to E. taw to dress leather. &root;64.]

1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like, used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement; as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc.; also, a cutter, chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work.

2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; -- also called machine tool.

3. Hence, any instrument of use or service.

That angry fool . . . Whipping her house, did with his amarting tool Oft whip her dainty self. Spenser.

4. A weapon. [Obs.]

Him that is aghast of every tool. Chaucer.

5. A person used as an instrument by another person; -- a word of reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes.

I was not made for a minion or a tool. Burks.

Tool

Tool (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tooling.]

1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled." Ld. Lytton.

2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang,Eng.]

Tooling

Tool"ing, n. Work perfomed with a tool.
The fine tooling and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist is lost upon a building of colossal proportions. De Quincey.

Tool-post, Tool-stock

Tool"-post` (?), Tool"-stock` (?), n. (Mach.) The part of a toolrest in which a cutting tool is clamped.

Tool-rest

Tool"-rest` (?), n. (Mach.) the part that supports a tool-post or a tool.

Toom

Toom (?), a. [OE. tom, fr. Icel. t\'d3mr; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom, As. t\'d3me, adv. Cf. Teem to pour.] Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Wyclif.

Toom

Toom, v. t. To empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

Toon

Toon (?), obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer.

Toon

Toon (?), n. [Hind. tun, t\'d4n, Skr. tunna.] (Bot.) The reddish brown wood of an East Indian tree (Cedrela Toona) closely resembling the Spanish cedar; also. the tree itself.

Toonwood

Toon"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Toon.

Toot

Toot (?), v. i. [OE. toten, AS. totian to project; hence, to peep out.] [Written also tout.]

1. To stand out, or be prominent. [Obs.] Howell.

2. To peep; to look narrowly. [Obs.] Latimer.

For birds in bushes tooting. Spenser.

Toot

Toot, v. t. To see; to spy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Toot

Toot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tooted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting.] [Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten, Sw.tuta, Dan. tude; probably of imitative origin.] To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown. "A tooting horn." Howell.
Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches. Thackeray.

Toot

Toot, v. t. To cause to sound, as a horn, the note being modified at the beginning and end as if by pronouncing the letter t; to blow; to sound.

Tooter

Toot"er (?), n. One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn. B. Jonson.

Tooth

Tooth (?), n.; pl> Teeth (#). [OE. toth,tooth, AS. ttth, OS. & D. tand, OHG. zang, zan, G. zahn, Icel. tnn, Sw. & Dan. tand, Goth. tumpus, Lith. dantis, W. dant, L. dens, dentis, Gr. danta; probably originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat. \'fb239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, Tusk. ]

1. (Anat.) One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food. &hand; The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal. In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all.

How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child ! Shak.

2. Fig.: Taste; palate.

These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth. Dryden.

3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as, the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth, prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a file, a card.

4. (a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. (b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk.

Page 1518

5. (Nat. Hist.) An angular or prominence on any edge; as, a tooth on the scale of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant; specifically (Bot.), one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome.

6. (Zo\'94l.) Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish.

In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. -- In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth." Pope. -- To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. -- Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost power; by all possible means. L'Estrange. "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." Charles Reade. -- Tooth coralline (Zo\'94l.), any sertularian hydroid. -- Tooth edge, the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids. -- Tooth key, an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion resembling that of turning a key. -- Tooth net, a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson. -- Tooth ornament. (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth, n., 2.<-- Tooth paste, a paste for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. --> -- Tooth powder, a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. -- Tooth rash. (Med.) See Red-gum, 1. -- To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite." Young. -- To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak.

Tooth

Tooth (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing.]

1. To furnish with teeth.

The twin cards toothed with glittering wire. Wordsworth.

2. To indent; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.

3. To lock into each other. See Tooth, n., 4. Moxon.

Toothache

Tooth"ache` (?), n. (Med.) Pain in a tooth or in the teeth; odontalgia. Toothache grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Ctenium Americanum) having a very pungent taste. -- Toothache tree. (Bot.) (a) The prickly ash. (b) A shrub of the genus Aralia (A. spinosa).

Toothback

Tooth"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any notodontian.

Toothbill

Tooth"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar fruit-eating ground pigeon (Didunculus strigiostris) native of the Samoan Islands, and noted for its resemblance, in several characteristics, to the extinct dodo. Its beak is stout and strongly hooked, and the mandible has two or three strong teeth toward the end. or ts color is chocolate red. Called also toothbilled pigeon, and manu-mea.

Toothbrush

Tooth"brush` (?), n. A brush for cleaning the teeth.

Toothdrawer

Tooth"draw`er (?), n. One whose business it is to extract teeth with instruments; a dentist. Shak.

Toothed

Toothed (?), a.

1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with pearl." Herrick.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having marginal projecting points; dentate.

Toothed whale (Zo\'94l.), any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete. -- Toothed wheel, a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on the engaging teeth of another wheel.

Toothful

Tooth"ful (?), a. Toothsome. [Obs.]

Toothing

Tooth"ing, n.

1. The act or process of indenting or furnishing with teeth.

2. (Masonry) Bricks alternately projecting at the end of a wall, in order that they may be bonded into a continuation of it when the remainder is carried up.

Toothing plane, a plane of which the iron is formed into a series of small teeth, for the purpose of roughening surfaces, as of veneers.

Toothless

Tooth"less, a. Having no teeth. Cowper.

Toothlet

Tooth"let (?), n. A little tooth, or like projection.

Toothleted

Tooth"let*ed, a. Having a toothlet or toothlets; as, a toothleted leaf. [Written also toothletted.]

Toothpick

Tooth"pick` (?), n. A pointed instument for clearing the teeth of substances lodged between them.<-- esp., a slim sliver of wood, about two inches in length, tapering to a point at both ends, and used for removing food particles from between the teeth after a meal. -->

Toothpicker

Tooth"pick`er (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Shak.

Toothshell

Tooth"shell" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Dentalium and allied genera having a tooth-shaped shell. See Dentalium.

Toothsome

Tooth"some (?), a. Grateful to the taste; palable. -- Tooth"some*ly, adv. -- Tooth"some*ness, n.
Though less toothsome to me, they were more wholesome for me. Fuller.

Toothwort

Tooth"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)A plant whose roots are fancied to resemble teeth, as certain plants of the genus Lathr\'91a, and various species of Dentaria. See Coralwort.

Toothy

Tooth"y (?), a. Toothed; with teeth. [R] Croxall.

Toozoo

Too*zoo" (?), n. The ringdove. [Prov. Eng.]

Top

Top (?), n. [CF. OD. dop, top, OHG., MNG., & dial. G. topf; perhaps akin to G. topf a pot.]

1. A child's toy, commonly in the form of a conoid or pear, made to spin on its point, usually by drawing off a string wound round its surface or stem, the motion being sometimes continued by means of a whip.

2. (Rope Making) A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudital grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.

Top

Top (?), n. [AS. top; akin to OFries. top a tuft, D. top top, OHG. zopf end, tip, tuft of hair, G. zopf tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree, Icel. toppr a tuft of hair, crest, top, Dan. top, Sw. topp pinnacle, top; of uncertain origin. Cf. Tuft.]

1. The highest part of anything; the upper end, edge, or extremity; the upper side or surface; summit; apex; vertex; cover; lid; as, the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain; the top of the ground.

The star that bids the shepherd fold, Now the top of heaven doth hold. Milton.

2. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.

The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work. Pope.

3. The highest rank; the most honorable position; the utmost attainable place; as, to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school.

And wears upon hisbaby brow the round And top of sovereignty. Shak.

4. The chief person; the most prominent one.

Other . . . aspired to be the top of zealots. Milton.

5. The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head. "From top to toe" Spenser.

All the stored vengeance of Heaven fall On her ungrateful top ! Shak.

6. The head, or upper part, of a plant.

The buds . . . are called heads, or tops, as cabbageheads. I. Watts.

7. (Naut.) A platform surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sudes. It serves to spead the topmast rigging, thus strengheningthe mast, and also furnishes a convenient standing place for the men aloft. Totten.

8. (Wool Manuf.) A bundle or ball of slivers of comkbed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.

9. Eve; verge; point. [R.] "He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine." Knolles.

10. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface. Knight.

11. pl. Top-boots. [Slang] Dickens. &hand; Top is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound words, usually self-explaining; as, top stone, or topstone; top-boots, or top boots; top soil, or top-soil.

Top and but (Shipbuilding), a phrase used to denote a method of working long tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the other to make up a constant breadth in two layers. -- Top minnow (Zo\'94l.), a small viviparous fresh-water fish (Gambusia patruelis) abundant in the Southern United States. Also applied to other similar species.

Top

Top, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Topped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Topping.]

1. To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower; as, lofty ridges and topping mountains. Derham.

2. To predominate; as, topping passions. "Influenced by topping uneasiness." Locke.

3. To excel; to rise above others.

But write thy, and top. Dryden.

Top

Top, v. t.

1. To cover on the top; to tip; to cap; -- chiefly used in the past participle.

Like moving mountains topped with snow. Waller.
A mount Of alabaster, topped with golden spires. Milton.

2. To rise above; to excel; to outgo; to surpass.

Topping all others in boasting. Shak.
Edmund the base shall top the legitimate. Shak.

3. To rise to the top of; to go over the top of.

But wind about till thou hast topped the hill. Denham.

4. To take off the or upper part of; to crop.

Top your rose trees a little with your knife. Evelyn.

5. To perform eminently, or better than before.

From endeavoring universally to top their parts, they will go universally beyond them. Jeffrey.

6. (Naut.) To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher than the other.

To top off, to complete by putting on, or finishing, the top or uppermost part of; as, to top off a stack of hay; hence, to complete; to finish; to adorn.<-- (b) to completely fill (an almost full tank) by adding more of the liquid it already contains.-->

Toparch

To"parch (?), n. [L. toparcha, Gr. The ruler or principal man in a place or country; the governor of a toparchy.
The prince and toparch of that country. Fuller.

Toparchy

To"parch*y (?), n.; pl. Toparchies (#). [L. toparchia, Gr. Toparch.] A small state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch; as, Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies. Fuller.

Top-armor

Top"-ar`mor (?), n. (Naut.) A top railing supported by stanchions and equipped with netting.

Topau

To"pau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The rhinocerous bird (a).

Topaz

To"paz (?), n. [OE. topas, F. topaze, L. topazos, or topazion, a kind of precious stone, Gr. to`pazos, topa`zion; possibly akin to Skr. tap to glow (cf. Tepid). According to some, the name is from Topazos, a small island in the Red Sea, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns.]

1. (Min.) A mineral occurring in rhombic prisms, generally yellowish and pellucid, also colorless, and of greenesh, bluish, or brownish shades. It sometimes occurs massive and opaque. It is a fluosilicate of alumina, and is used as a gem.

2. (Zo\'94l.)Either one of two species of large, brilliantly colored humming birds of the Topaza, of South America and the West Indies. &hand; The two tail feathers next to the central ones are much longer that the rest, curved, and crossed. The Throat is metallic yellowish-green, with a tint like topaz in the center, the belly is bright crimson, the back bright red. Called also topaz hummer.

False topaz. (Min.) See the Note under Quartz.

Topazolite

To*paz"o*lite (?), n. [Topaz + -lite; cf. F. topazolithe.] (Min.) A topaz-yellow variety of garnet.

Top-block

Top"-block` (?), n. (Naut.) A large ironbound block strapped with a hook, and, when used, hung to an eyebolt in the cap, -- used in swaying and lowering the topmast. Totten.

Top-boots

Top"-boots (?), n. pl. High boots, having generally a band of some kind of light-colored leather around the upper part of the leg; riding boots.

Top-chain

Top"-chain` (?), n. (Naut.) A chain for slinging the lower yards, in time of action, to prevent their falling, if the ropes by which they are hung are shot away.

Top-cloth

Top"-cloth (?), n. (Naut.) A piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action to protect the topmen.

Topcoat

Top"coat` (?), n. An outer coat; an overcoat.

Top-drain

Top"-drain` (?), v. t. To drain the surface of, as land; as, to top-drain a field or farm.

Top-draining

Top"-drain`ing, n. The act or practice of drining the surface of land.

Top-dress

Top"-dress` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Top-dressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Top-dressing.] To apply a surface dressing of manureto,as land.

Top-dressing

Top"-dress`ing, n. The act of applying a dressing of manure to the surface of land; also, manure so applied.

Tope

Tope (?), n. [Probably from Skr. stpa a tope, astupa, through Prakrin tppo.] A moundlike Buddhist sepulcher, or memorial monument. often erected over a Buddhish relic.

Tope

Tope, n. [Tamil tppu.] A grove or clumb of trees; as, a toddy tope. [India] Whitworth.

Tope

Tope, n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A small shark or dogfish (Galeorhinus, ∨ Galeus, galeus), native of Europe, but found also on the coasts of California and Tasmania; -- called also toper, oil shark, miller's dog, and penny dog.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The wren. [Prov. Eng.]

Tope

Tope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toping.] [F. t⊚per to cover a stake in playing at dice, to accept an offer, t⊚pe agreed !; -- perhaps imitative of the sound of striking hands on concluding a bargain. From being used in English as a drinking term, probably at first in accepting a toast.] To drink hard or frequently; to drink strong or spiritous liquors to excess.
If you tope in form, and treat. Dryden.

Toper

To"per (?), n. One who topes, or drinks frequently or to excess; a drunkard; a sot.

Topet

Top"et (?), n. [F. toupet tuft. See Touper.] (Zo\'94l.) The European crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Topful

Top"ful (?), a. Full to the top, ore brim; brimfull. "Topful of direst cruelty." Shak.
[He] was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company. I. Watts.

Topgallant

Top`gal"lant (?), a.

1. (Naut.) Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast; designatb, or pertaining to, the third spars in order from the deck; as, the topgallant mast, yards, braces, and the like. See Illustration of Ship.

2. Fig.: Highest; elevated; splendid. "The consciences of topgallant sparks." L'Estrange.

Topgallant breeze, a breeze in which the topgallant sails may properly be carried.

Topgallant

Top`gal"lant, n.

1. (Naut.) A topgallant mast or sail.

2. Fig.: Anything elevated or splendid. Bacon.

Toph

Toph (?), n. [L. tophus, tofus, tufa, or tuft. Cf. Tufa, Tofus, Tophus.] (Min.) kind of sandstone.

Tophaceous

To*pha"ceous (?), a. [L. tophaceus, tofaceus.] Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.

Top-hamper

Top"-ham`per (?), n. (Naut.) The upper rigging, spars, etc., of a ship. [Written also top hamper.]
All the ships of the fleet . . . were so encumbered with tophamper, so overweighted in proportion to their draught of water, that they could bear but little canvas, even with smooth seas and light and favorable winds. Motley.

Top-heavy

Top"-heav`y (?), a. Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower part. Sir H. Wotton.

Tophet

To"phet (?), n. [Heb. t\'d3phet, literally, a place to be spit upon, an abominable place, fr. tph to spit out.] A place lying east or southeast of Jerusalem, in the valley of Hinnom. [Written also Topheth.]
And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom. 2 Kings xxiii. 10.
&hand; It seems to have been at first part of the royal garden, but it was afterwards defiled and polluted by the sacrifices of Baal and the fires of Moloch, and resounded with the cries of burning infants. At a later period, its altars and high places were thrown down, and all the filth of the city poured into it, until it became the abhorrence of Jerusalem, and, in symbol, the place where are wailing and gnashing of teeth.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of hell. Milton.

Tophin

Toph"in (?), n. (Min.) Same as Toph.
Page 1519

Tophus

To"phus (?), n.; pl. Tophi (#). [NL.: cf. F. tophus a mineral concretion in the joint. See Toph.] [Written also tofus.]

1. (Med.) One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.

2. (Min.) Calcareous tufa.

Topiarian

Top`i*a"ri*an (?), a. [See Toplary.] Of or pertaining to the ornamental cutting and trimming of trees, hedges, etc.; practicing ornamental gardening. [R.] "The topiarian artist." Sir W. Scott.
All the pedantries of the topiarian art. C. Kingsley.

Topiary

Top"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. topiarius belonging to ornamental gardening, fr. topia (sc. opera) ornamental gardening, fr. Gr. Of or pertaining to ornamental gardening; produced by cutting, trimming, etc.; topiarian. Topiary work, arbors, shrubbery, hedges, or the like, cut and trimmed into fanciful forms, as of animals, building, etc.

Topic

Top"ic (?), n. [F. topiques, pl., L. topica the title of a work of Aristotle, Gr. topika`, fr. topiko`s of or for place, concerning to`poi, or commonplaces, fr. to`pos a place.] (a) One of the various general forms of argument employed in probable as distinguished from demonstrative reasoning, -- denominated by Aristotle to`poi (literally, places), as being the places or sources from which arguments may be derived, or to which they may be referred; also, a prepared form of argument, applicable to a great variety of cases, with a supply of which the ancient rhetoricians and orators provided themselves; a commonplace of argument or oratory. (b) pl. A treatise on forms of argument; a system or scheme of forms or commonplaces of argument or oratory; as, the Topics of Aristotle.
These topics, or loci, were no other than general ideas applicable to a great many different subjects, which the orator was directed to consult. Blair.
In this question by [reason] I do not mean a distinct topic, but a transcendent that runs through all topics. Jer. Taylor.

2. An argument or reason. [Obs.]

Contumacious persons, who are not to be fixed by any principles, whom no topics can work upon. Bp. Wilkins.

3. The subject of any distinct portion of a discourse, or argument, or literary composition; also, the general or main subject of the whole; a matter treated of; a subject, as of conversation or of thought; a matter; a point; a head.

4. (Med.) An external local application or remedy, as a plaster, a blister, etc. [Obsoles.] Wiseman.

Topic

Top"ic, a. Topical. Drayton. Holland.

Topical

Top"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. topique, LL. topicus, Gr. Topic, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as, a topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege.

2. (Rhet. & logic) Pertaining to, or consisting of, a topic or topics; according to topics.

3. Resembling a topic, or general maxim; hence, not demonstrative, but merely probable, as an argument.

Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and probable. Sir M. Hale.

Topically

Top"ic*al*ly, adv. In a topical manner; with application to, or limitation of, a particular place or topic.

Topknot

Top"knot` (?), n.

1. A crest or knot of feathers upon the head or top, as of a bird; also, an orgamental knot worn on top of the head, as by women.

A great, stout servant girl, with cheeks as red as her topknot. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A small Europen flounder (Rhoumbus punctatus). The name is also applied to allied species.

Topless

Top"less, a. Having no top, or no visble fop; hence, fig.: very lofty; supreme; unequaled. " The topless Apennines." "Topless fortunes." Beau. & Fl. <-- braless!-->

Top-light

Top"-light` (?), n. (Naut.) A lantern or light on the top of a vessel.

Topman

Top"man (?), n.; pl. Topmem (.

1. See Topsman, 2.

2. (Naut.) A man stationed in the top.

Topmast

Top"mast (?), n. (Naut.) The second mast, or that which is next above the lower mast, and below the topgallant mast.

Topmost

Top"most` (?), a. Highest; uppermost; as, the topmost cliff; the topmost branch of a tree.
The nightngale may claim the topmost bough. Cowper.

Topographer

To*pog"ra*pher (?), n. [Cf. F. topographe, Cr. One who is skilled in the science of topography; one who describes a particular place, town, city, or tract of land.
Dante is the one authorized topographer of the medi\'91val hell. Milman.

Topographic, a. Topographical

Top`o*graph"ic (?), a. Top`o*graph"ic*al (?),[Cf. F. topographique.] Of or pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place. -- Top`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Topographical map. See under Cadastral. -- Topographical surveying. See under Surveying.

Topographist

To*pog"ra*phist (?), n. A topographer.

Topography

To*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [F. topographie, Gr. The description of a particular place, town, manor, parish, or tract of land; especially, the exact and scientific delineation and description in minute detail of any place or region. &hand; Topography, as the description of particular places, is distinguished from chorography, the description of a region or a district, and for geography, the description of the earth or of countries. Brande & C.

Topology

To*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place. [R.] <-- 2. a branch of mathematics. -->

Toponomy

To*pon"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The designation of position and direction. B. G. Wilder.

Toppiece

Top"piece` (?), n. A small wig for the top of the head; a toupee.

Topping

Top"ping (?), a.

1. Rising above; surpassing.

2. Hence, assuming superiority; proud.

The great and flourishing condition of some of the topping sinners of the world. South.

3. Fine; gallant. [Slang] Johnson.

Topping

Top"ping, n.

1. The act of one who tops; the act of cutting off the top.

2. (Naut.) The act of raising one extremity of a spar higher than the other.

3. pl. That which comes from hemp in the process of hatcheling.

Topping lift (Naut.), a large, strong tackle employed to raise or top the end of a gaff, or of a boom.

Toppingly

Top"ping*ly, adv. In a topping or proud manner.

Toppingly

Top"ping*ly, a. Same as Topping, a., 3. [Obs.] "Topping quests." Tusser.

Topple

Top"ple (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toppling.] [From Top summit.] To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down.
Though castles topple on their warders' heads. Shak.

Topple

Top"ple, v. t. To throw down; to overturn.
He topple crags from the precipice. Longfellow.

Top-proud

Top"-proud` (?), a. Proud to the highest degree. [R.] "This top-proud fellow." Shak.

Top-rope

Top"-rope` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope used for hoisting and lowering a topmast, and for other purposes.

Topsail

Top"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) In a square-rigged vessel, the sail next above the lowermost sail on a mast. This sail is the one most frequently reefed or furled in working the ship. In a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the sail set upon and above the gaff. See Cutter, Schooner, Sail, and Ship. Topsail schooner. (Naut.) See Schooner, and Illustration in Appendix.

Tops-and-bottoms

Tops"-and-bot`toms (?), n. pl. Small rolls of dough, baked, cut in halves, and then browned in an oven, -- used as food for infants.
'T is said that her top-and-bottoms were gilt. Hood.

Top-shaped

Top"-shaped` (?), a. Having the shape of a top; (Bot.) cone-shaped, with the apex downward; turbinate.

Top-shell

Top"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine top_shaped shells of the genus Thochus, or family Trochid\'91.

Topsman

Tops"man (?), n.; pl. Topsmen (.

1. The chief drover of those who drive a herd of cattle. P. Cyc.

2. The uppermost sawyer in a saw pit; a topman. Simmonds.

Topsoil

Top"soil` (?), n. The upper layer of soil; surface soil.

Topsoiling

Top"soil`ing, n. (Engin.) The act or art of taking off the top soil of land before an excavation or embankment is begun.

Topstone

Top"stone` (?), n. A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.

Topsyturvy

Top"sy*tur"vy (?), adv. [Earlier topside-turvey, topsy-tervy; probably for top so turvy; that is, the top as turvy, as it were turvy; where turvy probably means, overturned, fr. AS. torfian to throw.] In an inverted posture; with the top or head downward; upside down; as, to turn a carriage topsy-turvy.

Top-tackle

Top"-tac`kle (?), n. (Naut.) A tackle used in hoisting and lowering the topmast.

Top-timbers

Top"-tim`bers (?), n. (Naut.) The highest timbers on the side of a vessel, being those above the futtocks. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Top-toil

Top"-toil` (?), n. (Blacksmithing.) A tool applied to the top of the work, in distinction from a tool inserted in the anvil and on which the work is placed.

Toque

Toque (?), n. [F. toque; of Celtic origin; cf. W.toc.]

1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; -- called also toquet.

His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head. Motley.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the bonnet monkey.

Toquet

To*quet" (?), n. See Toque, 1.

Tor

Tor (?), n. [AS. torr; cf. Gael. torr. Cf. Tower.]

1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray.

2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.]

A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree. C. Kingsley.

Torace, Torase

To*race" (?), To*rase", v. t. [Pref. to- + OE. r to rage.] To scratch to pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Torbernite

Tor"bern*ite (?), n. [So named after Torber Bergmann, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in emerald-green tabular crystals having a micaceous structure. It is a hydrous phosphate of uranium and copper. Called also copper uranite, and chalcolite.

Torc

Torc (?), n. Same as Torque, 1.

Torch

Torch (?), n. [OE. torche, F. torche a torch, rag, wisp, pad; probably from a derivative of L. torquere, tortum, to twist, because twisted like a rope; cf. F. torcher to rub, wipe, It. topcia a torch, torciare to wrap, twist, OF. torse a torse. Cf. Torture.] A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large, flaring flame.
They light the nuptial torch. Milton.
<-- 2. A flashlight. [Brit.] --> Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle.

Torchbearer

Torch"bear`er (?), n. One whose office it is to carry a torch.

Torcher

Torch"er (?), n. One who gives light with a torch, or as if with a torch. [Obs.] Shak.

Torchlight

Torch"light` (?), n. The light of a torch, or of torches. Also adjectively; as, a torchlight procession.

Torchon lace

Tor"chon lace` (?) [F. torchon a kind of coarse napkin.] a simple thread lace worked upon a pillow with coarse thread; also, a similar lace made by machinery.

Torchwood

Torch"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The inflammable wood of certain trees (Amyris balsamifera, A. Floridana, etc.); also, the trees themselves.

Torchwort

Torch"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The common mullein, the stalks of which, dipped in suet, anciently served for torches. Called also torch, and hig-taper.

Tore

Tore (?), imp. of Tear.

Tore

Tore, n. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. t\'a2r a break, cut, t\'a2ri to break, cut.] The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

Tore

Tore, n. [See Torus.]

1. (Arch.) Same as Torus.

2. (Geom.) (a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane. (b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; -- sometimes called an anchor ring.

Toreador

To"re*a*dor` (?), n. [Sp.,fr. torear to fight bulls, fr.L. taurus a bull.] A bullfighter.

To-rend

To-rend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. To-rent.] [Pref. to- + rend.] To rend in pieces. [Obs.]
The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to-rent. Chaucer.

Toret

Tor"et (?), n. [Probably dim. fr. tore, torus.] A Turret. [Obs.]

Toret

Tor"et, n. A ring for fastening a hawk's leash to the jesses; also, a ring affixed to the collar of a dog, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toreumatography

To"reu`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of sculpture such as bas-relief in metal.

Toreumatology

To*reu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or the description of scupture such as bas-relief in metal; toreumatography.

Toreutic

To*reu"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Sculp.) In relief; pertaining to sculpture in relief, especially of metal; also, pertaining to chasing such as surface ornamentation in metal.

Torgoch

Tor"goch (?), n. The saibling. [Prov. Eng.]

Torilto

To*ril"to (?), n. [Cf. Sp. torillo a little bull.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of Turnix (Turnix sylvatica) native of Spain and Northen Africa.

Torinese

To`rin*ese" (?), a. [It.] Of or pertaining to Turin. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Turin; collectively, the people of Turin.

Torment

Tor"ment (?), n. [OF. torment, F. tourment, fr. L. tormentum an engine for hurling missiles, an instrument of torture, a rack, torture, fr. torquere to turn, to twist, hurl. See Turture.]

1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind. Chaucer.

The more I see Pleasures about me, so much more I feel Torment within me. Milton.

3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery.

They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matt. iv. 24.

Torment

Tor*ment" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tormented (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tormenting.] [OF. tormenter, F. tourmenter.]

1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery upon, either of body or mind; to torture. " Art thou come hither to torment us before our time? " Matt. viii. 29.

2. To pain; to distress; to afflict.

Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. Matt. viii. 6.

3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.]

4. To put into great agitation. [R.] "[They], soaring on main wing, tormented all the air." Milton.

Tormenter

Tor*ment"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, torments; a tormentor.

2. An executioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tormentful

Tor*ment"ful (?), a. Full of torment; causing, or accompainied by, torment; excruciating. [R.] Tillotson.

Tormentil

Tor"men*til (?), n. [F. tormentille; cf. Pr., It., & NL. tormentilla, Sp. tormentila; all fr. L. tormentum pain. So called because it is said to allay pain. See Torment.] (Bot.) A rosaceous herb (Potentilla Tormentilla), the root of which is used as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes, or tormina, in diarrhea.

Tormenting

Tor*ment"ing (?), a. Causing torment; as, a tormenting dream. -- Tor*ment"ing*ly, adv.

Tormentise

Tor"ment*ise (?), n. [See Torment.] Torture; torment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tormentor

Tor*ment"or (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures. Jer. Taylor.

Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings. Milton.

2. (Agric.) An implement for reducing a stiff soil, resembling a harrow, but running upon wheels. Hebert.

Tormentress

Tor*ment"ress (?), n. A woman who torments.
Fortune ordinarily cometh after to whip and punish them, as the scourge and tormentress of glory and honor. Holland.

Tormentry

Tor"ment*ry (?), n. Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Page 1520

Tormina

Tor"mi*na (?), n. pl. [L., a griping in the belly.] (Med.) acute, colicky pains; gripes.

Torminous

Tor"mi*nous (?), a. (Med.) Affected with tormina; griping.

Torn

Torn (?), p. p. of Tear.

Tornado

Tor*na"do (?), n.; pl. Tornadoes (#). [From Sp. or Pg. tornar to turn, return, L. tornare to turn, hence, a whirling wind. The Sp. & Pg. tornada is a return. See Turn.] A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion, usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small cyclone<-- twister -->.

Tornaria

Tor*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Tornari\'91 (#). [NL., fr. L. tornare to turn.] (Zo\'94l.) The peculiar free swimming larva of Balanoglossus. See Illust. in Append.

Torose

To*rose" (?), a. [L. torosus full of muscle, brawny, fleshy. See Torus.] Cylindrical with alternate swellings and contractions; having the surface covered with rounded prominences.

Torosity

To*ros"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being torose.

Torous

Torous (?), a. Torose.

Torpedinous

Tor*ped"i*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a torpedo; resembling a torpedo; exerting a benumbing influence; stupefying; dull; torpid.
Fishy were his eyes; torpedinous was his manner. De Quincey.

Torpedo

Tor*pe"do (?), n.; pl. Torpedoes (#). [L. torpedo, -inis, from torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical. &hand; The common European torpedo (T. vulgaris) and the American species (T. occidentalis) are the best known.

2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up. Specifically: -- (a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is closed by an operator on shore. (b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship.

3. (Mil.) A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it.

4. (Railroad) A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, -- used as an alarm signal.

5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil.

6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object.

Fish torpedo, a spindle-shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. -- Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the torpedo. -- Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's ship.<-- Espec., a small, fast boat with tubes for launching torpedoes --> -- Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes.

Torpedo

Tor*pe"do, v. t. to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator. <-- Fig. To destroy, cause to halt, or prevent from being accomplished; -- used esp. with reference to a plan or an enterprise, halted by some action before the plan is put into execution. -->

Torpent

Tor"pent (?), a. [L. torpens, p. pr. of torpere to be numb.] Having no motion or activity; incapable of motion; benumbed; torpid. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Torpescence

Tor*pes"cence (?), n. The quality or state or being torpescent; torpidness; numbness; stupidity.

Toppescent

Top*pes"cent (?), a. [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.] Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone.

Torpid

Tor"pid (?), a. [L. torpidus, fr. torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid; of uncertain origin.]

1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; benumbed; as, a torpid limb.

Without heat all things would be torpid. Ray.

2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. Sir M. Hale.

Torpidity

Tor*pid"i*ty (?), n. Same as Torpidness.

Torpidly

Tor"pid*ly (?), adv. In a torpid manner.

Torpidness

Tor"pid*ness, n. The qualityy or state of being torpid.

Torpify

Tor"pi*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torpified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying. (.] [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.] To make torpid; to numb, or benumb.

Torpitude

Tor"pi*tude (?), n. Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state." Derham.

Torpor

Tor"por (?), n. [L., from torpere, to be torpid.]

1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with partial or total insensibility; numbness.

2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental faculties.

Torporific

Tor`por*if"ic (?), a. [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.] Tending to produce torpor.

Torquate

Tor"quate (?), a. [L. torquatus wearing a collar.] (Zo\'94l.) Collared; having a torques, or distinct colored ring around the neck.

torquated

tor"qua*ted (?), a. [L. Torqyatus.] Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain.

Torque

Torque (?), n. [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to twist.]

1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons.

2. [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.) That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J. Thomson.

3. (Phys. Science) A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn, about an axis.

Torqued

Torqued (?), a. [L. torquere to twist, to turn, to wind.]

1. Wreathed; twisted. [R.]

2. (Her.) Twisted; bent; -- said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a figure like the letter S.

Torques

Tor"ques (?), n. [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar.

Torrefaction

Tor`re*fac"tion (?), n. [L.torrefacere,torrefactum, to torrefy: cf. F. torr\'82faction. See Torrefy.] The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being torrefied. Bp. Hall.

Torrefy

Tor"re*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torrefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torrefying.] [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torr\'82fier, L. torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.]

1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Metal.) To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores.

3. (Pharm.) To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired.

Torrent

Tor"rent (?), n. [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning, roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See Torrid.]

1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice.

The roaring torrent is deep and wide. Longfellow.

2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence.

At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . . Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope.

Torrent

Tor"rent, a. [See Torrent, n.] Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire." Milton.

Torrential, Torrentine

Tor*ren"tial (?), Tor*ren"tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.]

Torricellian

Tor`ri*cel"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer. Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in the barometer. -- Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and, after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton.

Torrid

Tor"rid (?), a. [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst.]

1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. "Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil." Milton.

2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. "Torrid heat." Milton.

Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great.

Torridity

Tor*rid"i*ty (?), n. Torridness. [R.]

Torridness

Tor"rid*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being torrid or parched.

Torril

Tor"ril (?), n. A worthless woman; also, a worthless horse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Torrock

Tor"rock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Torsal

Tor"sal (?), n. (Carp.) A torsel. Knight.

Torse

Torse (?), n. [OF., fr. OF. & F. tors, torse, twisted, wreathed, p. p. of tordre to twist, L. torquere. See Torture.]

1. (Her.) A wreath.

2. [F. tors, torse, twisted.] (Geom.) A developable surface. See under Developable.

Torsel

Tor"sel (?), n. (Carp.) A plate of timber for the end of a beam or joist to rest on. Gwilt

Torsibillty

Tor`si*bil"l*ty (?), n. The tendency, as of a rope, to untwist after being twisted.

Torsion

Tor"sion (?), n. [F., fr. LL. torsio, fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist. See Torture.]

1. The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.

2. (Mech.) That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material, returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been twisted; torsibility.

Angle of torsion (of a curve) (Geom.), the indefinitely small angle between two consecutive osculating planes of a curve of double curvature. -- Moment of torsion (Mech.) the moment of a pair of equal and opposite couples which tend to twist a body. -- Torsion balance (Physics.), an instrument for estimating very minute forces, as electric or magnetic attractions and repulsions, by the torsion of a very slender wire or fiber having at its lower extremity a horizontal bar or needle, upon which the forces act. -- Torsion scale, a scale for weighing in which the fulcra of the levers or beams are strained wires or strips acting by torsion.

Torsional

Tor"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to torsion; resulting from torsion, or the force with which a thread or wire returns to a state of rest after having been twisted round its axis; as, torsional force.

Torsk

Torsk (?), n. [Dan.; akin to Icel. þorskr a codfish, G. dorsch.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cusk. See Cusk. (b) The codfish. Called also tusk.

Torso

Tor"so (?), n.; pl. E. Torsos (#), It. Torsi (#). [It. torso, probably fr. L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, thyrsus, Gr. torso, turso, a stalk, stem, G. dorsche a cabbage stalk. Cf. Thyrsus, Truss.] The human body, as distinguished from the head and limbs; in sculpture, the trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as, the torso of Hercules.

Tort

Tort (?), n. [F., from LL. tortum, fr. L. tortus twisted, crooked, p. p. of torqure to twist, bend. See Torture.]

1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.]

That had them long opprest with tort. Spenser.

2. (Law) Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action, in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury.

Executor de son tort. See under Executor. -- Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton.

Tort

Tort, a. Stretched tight; taut. [R.]
Yet holds he them with tortestrein. Emerson.

Torta

Tor"ta (?), n. [Cf. Sp. torta a cake.] (Metal.) a flat heap of moist, crushed silver ore, prepared for the patio process.

Torteau

Tor"teau (?), n.; pl. Torteaus (#) [Of. torteau, tortel, from L.tortus twisted. See Tort.] (Her.) A roundel of a red color.

Torticollis

Tor`ti*col"lis (?), n. [F. toricolis; L. torquere, tortum, to twist + collum the neck.] (Med.) See Wryneck.

Tortile

Tor"tile (?), a. [L. tortilis, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortile.] Twisted; wreathed; coiled.

Tortility

Tor*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tortile, twisted, or wreathed.

Tortilla

Tor*til"la (?), n. [Sp.] An unleavened cake, as of maize flour, baked on a heated iron or stone.

Tortion

Tor"tion (?), n. [LL. tortio. See Torsion.] Torment; pain. [Obs.] Bacon.

Tortious

Tor"tious (?), a. [From Tort.]

1. Injurious; wrongful. [Obs.] "Tortious power." Spenser.

2. (Law) Imploying tort, or privat injury for which the law gives damages; involing tort.

Tortiously

Tor"tious*ly, adv. (Law) In a tortous manner.

Tortive

Tor"tive (?), a. [L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, wind.] Twisted; wreathed. Shak.

Tortoise

Tor"toise (?), n. [OE. tortuce, fr. OF. tortis crooked, fr. L. tortus isted, crooked, contorted, p.p. of torquere, tortum, to wind; cf. F. tortue tortoise, LL. tortuca, tartuca, Pr. tortesa crookedness, tortis crooked. so called in allusion to its crooked feet. See Torture.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata. &hand; The term is applied especially to the land and fresh-water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) Same as Testudo, 2.

Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under Box, Land, etc. -- Painted tortoise. (Zo\'94l.) See Painted turtle, under Painted. -- Soft-shell tortoise. (Zo\'94l.) See Trionyx. -- Spotted tortoise. (Zo\'94l.) A small American fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus, ∨ Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which are scattered round yellow spots. -- Tortoise beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic luster. the larv\'91 feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle (Cassida aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants. -- Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot, under Elephant. -- Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental articles. -- Tortoise-shell butterfly (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti, and A. urtic\'91, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles. -- Tortoise-shell turtle (Zo\'94l.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill. <-- tortoise-shell, adj. having a color like that aof a toroise's shell, black with white and orange spots; -- used mostly to describe cats of that color. n. a tortoise-shell cat. -->

Tortricid

Tor"tri*cid (?), a. [See Tortrix.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Tortix, or the family Tortricid\'91.

Tortrix

Tor"trix (?), n. [NL., fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small moths of the family Tortricid\'91, the larv\'91 of which usually roll up the leaves of plants on which they live; -- also called leaf roller.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of tropical short-tailed snakes, which are not venomous. One species (Tortrix scytal\'91) is handsomely banded with black, and is sometimes worn alive by the natives of Brazil for a necklace.

Page 1521

Tortulous

Tor"tu*lous (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Swelled out at intervals like a knotted cord.

Tortuose

Tor"tu*ose` (?), a. [See Tortuous.] Wreathed; twisted; winding. Loudon

Tortuoslty

Tor`tu*os"l*ty (?), n. [L.tortuositas: cf. F.tortuosite.] the quality or state of being tortuous.

Tortuous

Tor"tu*ous (?), a. [OE. tortuos, L.tortuosus, fr.tortus a twisting, winding, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortueux. See Torture.]

1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla.

The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick. Macaulay.

2. Fig.: Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful.

That course became somewhat lesstortuous, when the battle of the Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jakobites. Macaulay.

3. Injurious: tortious. [Obs.]

4. (Astrol.) Oblique; -- applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from Capricorn to Gemini) which ascend most rapidly and obliquely. [Obs.] Skeat.

Infortunate ascendent tortuous. Chaucer.
--Tor"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tor"tu*ous*ness, n.

Torturable

Tor"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tortured.

Torture

Tor"ture (?), n. [F.,fr.L. tortura, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist, rack, torture; probably akin to Gr. tre`pein to turn, G. drechsein to turn on a lathe, and perhaps to E. queer. Cf. Contort, Distort, Extort, Retort, Tart, n., Torch, Torment, Tortion, Tort, Trope.]

1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment; as, torture of mind. Shak.

Ghastly spasm or racking torture. Milton.

2. Especially, severe pain inflicted judicially, either as punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person, as by water or fire, by the boot or thumbkin, or by the rack or wheel.

3. The act or process of torturing.

Torture, whitch had always been deciared illegal, and which had recently been declared illegal even by the servile judges of that age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May, 1640. Macaulay.

Torture

Tor"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tortured (; p. pr. & vb. n. Torturing.] [Cf. F. Torturer. ]

1. To put to torture; to pain extremely; to harass; to vex.

2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person. Shak.

3. To wrest from the proper meaning; to distort. Jar. Taylor.

4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Obs.]

The bow tortureth the string. Bacon.

Torturer

Tor"tur*er (?), n. One who tortures; a tormentor.

Torturingly

Tor"tur*ing*ly, adv. So as to torture. Beau. & Fl.

Torturous

Tor"tur*ous (?), a. Involving, or pertaining to, torture. [R.] "The torturous crucifixion." I. Disraeli.

Torula

Tor"u*la (?), n.; pl. Torul\'91 ( [NL., dim. of L. torus a semicircular molding.] (Biol.) (a) A chain of special bacteria. (b) A genus of budding fungi. Same as Saccharomyces. Also used adjectively.

Torulaform

Tor"u*la*form` (?), a. (Biol.) Having the appearance of a torula; in the form of a little chain; as, a torulaform string of micrococci.

Torulose

Tor"u*lose (?), a. [L. torulus, dim. of torus: cf. F. toruleux. See Torus] (Bot.) Same as Torose.

Torulous

Tor"u*lous (?), a. Same as Torose.

Torus

To"rus (?), n.; pl. Tori (#). [L., a round, swelling, or bulging place, an elevation. Cf. 3d Tore.]

1. (Arch.) A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C.

2. (Zo\'94l.)One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicol\'91.

3. (Bot.) The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand.

4. (Geom.) See 3d Tore, 2.

Torved

Torved (?), a. Stern; grim. See Torvous. [Obs.]
But yesterday his breath Awed Rome, and his least torved frown was death. J. Webster (1654).

Torvity

Tor"vi*ty (?), a. [L. torvitas. See Torvous.] Sourness or severity of countenance; sterness. [Obs.]

Torvous

Tor"vous (?), a. [L. torvus. ] Sour of aspect; of a severe countenance; stern; grim. [Obs.]
That torvous, sour look produced by anger. Derham.

Tory

To"ry (?), n.; pl. Tories (#). [ Properly used of the Irish bogtrotters who robbed and plundered during the English civil wars, professing to be in sympathy with the royal cause; hence transferred to those who sought to maintain the extreme prerogatives of the crown; probably from Ir. toiridhe, tor, a pursuer; akin to Ir. & Gael. toir a pursuit.]

1. (Eng.Politics) A member of the conservative party, as opposed to the progressive party which was formerly called the Whig, and is now called the Liberal, party; an earnest supporter of exsisting royal and ecclesiastical authority. &hand; The word Tory first occurs in English history in 1679, during the struggle in Parliament occasioned by the introduction of the bill for the exclusion of the duke of York from the line of succession, and was applied by the advocates of the bill to its opponents as a title of obloquy or contempt. The Tories subsequently took a broader ground, and their leading principle became the maintenance of things as they were. The name, however, has for several years ceased to designate an existing party, but is rather applied to certain traditional maxims of public policy. The political successors of the Tories are now commonly known as Conservatives. New Am. Cyc.

2. (Amer. Hist.) One who, in the time of the Revolution, favored submitting tothe claims of Great Britain against the colonies; an adherent tothe crown.

Tory

To"ry (?), a. Of ro pertaining to the Tories.

Toryism

To"ry*ism (?), n. The principles of the Tories.

Toscatter

To*scat"ter (?), v. t. [Pref.to- + scatter.] To scatter in pieces; to divide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tose

Tose (?), v. t. [ See Touse ] To tease, or comb, as wool. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.]

Tosh

Tosh (?), a. [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.

Toshred

To*shred" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + shred. ] To cut into shreads or pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toss

Toss (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tossed (; (less properly Tost ); p. pr. & vb. n. Tossing.] [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch, tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ]

1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.

2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head.

He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me, He would not stay. Addison.

3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a storm.

We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat. Act xxvii. 18.

4. To agitate; to make restless.

Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent. Milton.

5. Hence, to try; to harass.

Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men. Herbert.

6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham.

To toss off, to drink hastily. -- To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.

Toss

Toss, v. i.

1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to fling.

To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our pain. Tillotson.

2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak.

To toss for, to throw dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for. -- To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion.

Toss

Toss, n.

1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the toss of a ball.

2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. Swift.

Tossel

Tos"sel (?), n. See Tassel.

Tosser

Toss"er (?), n. Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher.

Tossily

Toss"i*ly (?), adv. In a tossy manner. [R.]

Tossing

Toss"ing, n.

1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.

2. (Mining) (a) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; -- called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. Pryce. (b) A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while melted.

Tosspot

Toss"pot` (?), n. A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard. Shak.

Tossy

Toss"y (?), a. Tossing the head, as in scorn or pride; hence, proud; contemptuous; scornful; affectedly indifferent; as, a tossy commonplace. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Tost

Tost (?), imp. & p. p. of Toss.

Tosto

Tos"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Quick; rapid. Pui tosto ( [It.] (Mus.), faster; more rapid.

Toswink

To*swink" (?), v. i. [Pref. to- + swink.] To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tot

Tot (?), n. [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.]

1. Anything small; -- frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child.

2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tota

To"ta (?), n. [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zo\'94l.) The grivet.

Total

To"tal (?), a. [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf. Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.] Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness." "To undergo myself the total crime." Milton. Total abstinence. See Abstinence, n., 1. -- Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original. Whole; entire; complete. See Whole.

Total

To"tal, n. The whole; the whole sum or amount; as, these sums added make the grand total of five millions.

Totality

To*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. totalite, LL. totalitas.]

1. The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an eclipse.

2. The whole sum; the whole quantity or amount; the entirety; as, the totalityof human knowledge. Buckle.

The totality of a sentence or passage. Coleridge.

Totalize

To"tal*ize (?), v. t. To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness. Coleridge.

Totally

To"tal*ly, adv. In a total manner; wholly; entirely.

Totalness

To"tal*ness, n. The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality.

Tote

Tote (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] [Said to be of African origin.] To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; -- a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.

Tote

Tote, n. [L. totum, fr.totus all, whole.] The entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.]

Totear

To*tear" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + tear. ] To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Totem

To"tem (?), n. [Massachusetts Indian wutohtimoin that to which a person or place belongs.] A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the Nord American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a clan.
And they painted on the grave posts Of the graves, yet unforgotten, Each his own ancestral totem Each the symbol of his household; Figures of the bear and reindeer, Of the turtle, crane, and beaver. Longfellow.
The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural way attends tothe clan and watches over it. Bagehot.

Totemic

To*tem"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism.

Totemism

To"tem*ism (?), n.

1. The system of distinguishing families, clans, etc., in a tribe by the totem.

2. Superstitious regard for a totem; the worship of any real or imaginary object; nature worship. Tylor.

Totemist

To"tem*ist, n. One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem. -- To`tem*is"tic (#), a.

Toter

Tot"er (?), n. [See Tote to carry.] (Zo\'94l.) The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone.

T'other

T'oth"er (?). A colloquial contraction of the other, and formerly a contraction for that other. See the Note under That, 2.
The tothir that was crucifield with him. Wyclif(John xix. 32)

Totipalmate

To`ti*pal"mate (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E.palmate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having all four toes united by a web;-said of certain sea birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves.

Totipalmi

To`ti*pal"mi (?), n.pl. [NL.,from L. totus all, whole + palmus palm.] (Zo\'94l.)A division of swimming birds including those that have totipalmate feet.

Totipresence

To`ti*pres"ence (?), n. [L. totus all, whole + E.presence.] Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

Totipresent

To`ti*pres"ent (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E. present.] Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.

Totter

Tot"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.] [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter, vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.]

1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as,an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3.

2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver.

Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall. Dryden.

Totterer

Tot"ter*er (?), n. One who totters.

Totteringly

Tot"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a tottering manner.

Tottery

Tot"ter*y (?), a. Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady; shaking. Johnson.

Totly

Tot"ly (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.] [See Toddle, Totter.] To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple. [Colloq.]

Tottlish

Tot"tlish (?), a. Trembling or tottering, as if about to fall; un steady. [Colloq. U.S.]

Totty

Tot"ty (?), a. [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.] Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott.
For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must. Spenser.

Toty

Tot"y (?), a. Totty. [Obs.]
My head is totty of my swink to-night. Chaucer.

Toty

To"ty (?), n. A sailor or fisherman;-so called in some parts of the Pacific.

Toucan

Tou"can (?), n. [F., fr. Pg. tucano; from Brazilian name. ]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of the family Ramphastid\'91. They have a very large, but light and thin, beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in striking contrast.

2. (Astronom.) A modern constellation of the southern hemisphere.

Toncanet

Ton"can*et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small toucan.

Touch

Touch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Touched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] [F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v. intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck, v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.]

1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on.

Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton.

2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.

Nothing but body can be touched or touch. Greech.

3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.

The god, vindictive, doomed them never more- Ah, men unblessed! -- to touch their natal shore. Pope.

4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.]

Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed. Shak.

5. To relate to; to concern; to affect.

The quarrel toucheth none but us alone. Shak.

6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of.

Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse. Chaucer.

7. To meddle or interfere with; as, I have not touched the books. Pope.

8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to soften.

What of sweet before Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and harsh. Milton.
The tender sire was touched with what he said. Addison.

9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with the pencil or brush.

The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right. Pope.

10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon.

11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon.

Its face . . . so hard that a file will not touch it. Moxon.

12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as, to touch an instrument of music.

[They] touched their golden harps. Milton.

13. To perform, as a tune; to play.

A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the flageolet. Sir W. Scott.

14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine, . . . [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will," Milton.

15. To harm, afflict, or distress.

Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee. Gen. xxvi. 28, 29.

16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make partially insane; -- rarely used except in the past participle.

She feared his head was a little touched. Ld. Lytton.

17. (Geom.) To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.

18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease.

To touch a sail (Naut.), to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. -- To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. -- To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation.
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Touch

Touch (?), v. i.

1. To be in contact; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between; as, two spheres touch only at points. Johnson.

2. To fasten; to take effect; to make impression. [R.]

Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not touch upon silver. Bacon.

3. To treat anything in discourse, especially in a slight or casual manner; -- often with on or upon.

If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they immediately quitted it. Addison.

4. (Naut) To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes.

To touch and go (Naut.), to touch bottom lightly and without damage, as a vessel in motion. -- To touch at, to come or go to, without tarrying; as, the ship touched at Lisbon. -- To touch on ∨ upon, to come or go to for a short time. [R.]
I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several towns that lie on its coasts. Addison.

Touch

Touch, n. [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ]

1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact.

Their touch affrights me as a serpent's sting. Shak.

2. (Physiol.) The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under Tactile.

The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine. Pope.
&hand; Pure tactile feelings are necessarily rare, since temperature sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the skin and certain underlying nervous structures.

3. Act or power of exciting emotion.

Not alone The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches, Do strongly speak to us. Shak.

4. An emotion or affection.

A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy. Hooker.

5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.]

Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used. Bacon.

6. A stroke; as, a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence, animadversion; censure; reproof.

I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret. Eikon Basilike.

7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture.

Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well examined your design. Dryden.

8. Feature; lineament; trait.

Of many faces, eyes, and hearts, To have the touches dearest prized. Shak.

9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural, musical notes.

Soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony. Shak.

10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash.

Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them. Hazlitt.
Madam, I have a touch of your condition. Shak.

11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice.

A small touch will put him in mind of them. Bacon.

12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.]

Print my preface in such form as, in the booksellers' phrase, will make a sixpenny touch. Swift.

13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone. [Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak.

A neat new monument of touch and alabaster. Fuller.

14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test; proof; tried quality.

Equity, the true touch of all laws. Carew.
Friends of noble touch . Shak.

15. (Mus.) The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as, a heavy touch, or a light touch, also, the manner of touching, striking, or pressing the keys of a piano; as, a legato touch; a staccato touch.

16. (Shipbilding) The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and but, under Top, n.), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters. J. Knowles.

17. (Football) That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports.

18. A boys' game; tag.

In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T. Hughes. -- To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy. -- To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function.
My mind and senses keep touch and time. Sir W. Scott.
(b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy;-with with or of. -- Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape. -- True as touch (i.e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.]

Touchable

Touch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being touched; tangible. -- Touch"a*ble*ness, n.

Touchback

Touch"back` (?), n. (G) The act of touching the football down by a player behind his own goal line when it received its last impulse from an opponent; -- distinguished from safety touchdown.

Touch-box

Touch"-box` (?), n. A box containing lighted tinder, formerly carried by soldiers who used matchlocks, to kindle the match.

Touchdown

Touch"down` (?), n. (Football) The act of touching the football down behind the opponents' goal . Safety touchdown. See under Safety.

Touchhole

Touch"hole` (?), n. The vent of a cannot or other firearm, by which fire is communicateed to the powder of the charge.

Touchily

Touch"i*ly (?), adv. In a touchy manner.

Touchiness

Touch"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being touchy peevishness; irritability; irascibility.

Touching

Touch"ing (?), a. Affecting; moving; pathetic; as, a touching tale. -- Touch"ing*ly (#), adv.

Touching

Touch"ing, prep. Concerning; with respect to.
Now, as touching things offered unto idols. 1 Cor. viii. 1.

Touching

Touch"ing, n. The sense or act of feeling; touch.

Touch-me-not

Touch"-me-not` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Impatiens. (b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.

Touch-needle

Touch"-nee`dle (?), n. (Metal.) A small bar of gold and silver, either pure, or alloyed in some known proportion with copper, for trying the purity of articles of gold or silver by comparison of the streaks made by the article and the bar on a touchstone.

Touch-paper

Touch"-pa`per (?), n. Paper steeped in saltpeter, which burns slowly, and is used as a match for firing gunpowder, and the like.

Touchstone

Touch"stone` (?), n.

1. (Min.) Lydian stone; basanite; -- so called because used to test the purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite.

2. Fig.: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. Hooker.

The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits. South.
Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's Causeway.

Touchwood

Touch"wood` (?), n. [Probably for tachwood; OE. tache tinder (of uncertain origin) + wood.]

1. Wood so decayed as to serve for tinder; spunk, or punk.

2. Dried fungi used as tinder; especially, the Polyporus igniarius.

Touchy

Touch"y (?), a. [For techy, tetchy.] Peevish; irritable; irascible; techy; apt to take fire. [Colloq.]
It may be said of Dryden that he was at no time touchy about personal attacks. Saintsbury.

Tough

Tough (?), a. [Compar. Tougher (?); superl. Toughest.] [OE. tough, AS. t&omac;h, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. z&amac;hi, G. z&aum;he, and also to AS. getenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bitengi.]

1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. " Milton.

2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as, tough sinews. Cowper.

A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . . Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire. Dryden.
The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose. J. A. Symonds.

3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough phlegm.

4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow.

So tough a frame she could not bend. Dryden.

5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. " Fuller.

To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tough-cake

Tough"-cake` (?), n. See Tough-pitch (b).

Toughen

Tough"en (?), v. i.&t. [imp. & p. p. Toughened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toughening.] To grow or make tough, or tougher.

Tough-head

Tough"-head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ruddy duck. [ Local U.S. ]

Toughish

Tough"ish, a. Tough in a slight degree.

Toughly

Tough"ly, adv. In a tough manner.

Toughness

Tough"ness, n. The quality or state of being tough.

Tough-pitch

Tough"-pitch` (?), n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; -- called also tough-cake.

Touite

Tou"ite (?), n. The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.]

Toupee; 277, Toupet

Tou*pee" (?; 277), Tou*pet" (?; 277) (?), n. [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.]

1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.

2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig.

Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee. G. Eliot.

Toupettit

Tou"pet*tit (?), n. [See Topet, toupee.] (Zo\'94l.)The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tour

Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Tower.] A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tour

Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.]

1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England.

The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour. Milton.

2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore.

3. (Mil.) anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a tour of duty. Syn. -- Journey; excursion. See Journey.

Tour

Tour (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.] To make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.

Touraco

Tou*ra"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)Same as Turacou.

Tourbillion

Tour*bil"lion (?), n. [F. torbillion a whirlwind, tourbillion, fr. L. turbo, -inis, a whirl, whirlwind.] An ornamental firework which turns round, when in the air, so as to form a scroll of fire. G. Francis.

Tourist

Tour"ist (?), n. One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.

Tourmaline

Tour"ma*line (?), n. [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina, NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.] (Min.) A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline (schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green, brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .] &hand; Crystals of tourmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity (see Pyroelectric, n.). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a polariscope called tourmaline tongs.

Tourn

Tourn (?), n. [See Turn]

1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (O.Eng.Law) The sheriff's turn, or court.

Tournament

Tour"na*ment (?), n. [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.]

1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in tourneyment." Chaucer.

With cruel tournament the squadrons join. Milton.
&hand; It different from the joust, which was a trial of skill between one man and another.

2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for championship; as, a chess tournament.

Tournery

Tourn"er*y (?), n. Work turned on a lathe; turnery.[Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn.

Tourney

Tour"ney (?), n. [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier, tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round and round. See Turn, v. t.] A tournament. Bacon.
At tilt or tourney or like warlike game. Spenser.
We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for half the work. Tennyson.

Tourney

Tour"ney, v. i. [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ] To perform in tournaments; to tilt.
Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. Spenser.

Tourniquet

Tour"ni*quet (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.] (Surg.) An instrument for arresting hemorrhage. It consists essentially of a pad or compress upon which pressure is made by a band which is tightened by a screw or other means.

Tournois

Tour`nois" (?), n. [F., belonging to Tours in France.] A former French money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It was thus called in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained 25 sous.

Tournure

Tour*nure" (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.]

1. Turn; contour; figure.

2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the waist; a bustle.

Touse, Touze

Touse, Touze (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Toused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tousing.] [OE. tosen &root;64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze. ] To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak.
As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed. Spenser.

Touse

Touse (?), n. A pulling; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Tousel

Tous"el (?), v. t. Same as Tousle. [Colloq.]

Touser

Tous"er (?), n. One who touses. [Prov. Eng.]

Tousle

Tou"sle (?), v. t. [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.] To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.]

Tous-les-mois

Tous`-les`-mois" (?), n. [F., all the months, i.e., every month.] A kind of starch with very large, oval, flattened grains, often sold as arrowroot, and extensively used for adulterating cocoa. It is made from the rootstocks of a species of Canna, probably C. edulis, the tubers of which are edible every month in the year.

Tout

Tout (?), v. t. [See 1st Toot.]

1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.]

2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.]

Tout

Tout, n. One who secretly watches race horses which are in course of training, to get information about their capabilities, for use in betting. [Cant. Eng.]

Tour

Tour, v. t. [See 3d Toot. ] To toot a horn.

Tout

Tout, n The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tout-ensemble

Tout`-en`sem"ble (?), n. [F.] All together; hence, in costume, the fine arts, etc., the general effect of a work as a whole, without regard to the execution of the separate perts.

Touter

Tout"er (?), n. One who seeks customers, as for an inn, a public conveyance, shops, and the like: hence, an obtrusive candidate for office. [Colloq.]
The prey of ring droppers, . . . duffers, touters, or any of those bloodless sharpers who are, perhaps, better known to the police. Dickens.

Touze

Touze (?), v.t & i. See Touse. [Prov. Eng.]

Tow

Tow (?), n. [OE. tow, AS. tow, akin to OD. touw, Icel. taw, v.t.] The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle.

Tow

Tow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Towed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] [OE. towen, totoga to pull about, OHG. zog\'d3n, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a towline, and AS.te\'a2n to draw, p.p. getogen. See Tug] To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by means of a rope.
Page 1523

Tow

Tow (?), n. [Cf. Icel.taug a rope, from the same root as E.tow, v. t.]

1. A rope by which anything is towed; a towline, or towrope.

2. The act of towing, or the state of being towed;-chiefly used in the phrase, to take in tow, that is to tow.

3. That which is towed, or drawn by a towline, as a barge, raft, collection of boats, ect.

Towage

Tow"age (?), n. [From Tow, v..cf. F. touage.]

1. The act of towing.

2. The price paid for towing.

Towall

Tow"all (?), n. A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toward, Towards

To"ward, To"wards (?), prep.[AS. To, and -ward, wards.]

1. In the direction of; to.

He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. xxiv. 1.
The waves make towards\'b6 the pebbled shore. Shak.

2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to; regarding; concerning.

His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deut. xxviii. 54.
Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men. Acts xxiv. 16.

3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of.

This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble. Clarendom.

4. Near; about; approaching to.

I am toward nine years older since I left you. Swift.

Toward, Towards

To"ward, To"wards adv. Near; at hand; in state of preparation.
Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward ? Shak.
We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards. Shak.

Toward

To"ward (?), a. [AS. Toward, prep.]

1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser.

2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt; docile; tractable; as, a toward youth.

3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant.

Why, that is spoken like a toward prince. Shak.

Towardliness

To"ward*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being towardly; docility; tractableness.
The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy. Sir W. Raleigh.

Towardly

To"ward*ly, a. Same as Toward, a., 2.
He's towardly and will come on apace. Dryden.

Towardness

To"ward*ness, n. Quality or state of being toward.

Towards

To"wards (, prep. & adv. See Toward.

Towboat

Tow"boat` (?), n.

1. A vessel constructed for being towed, as a canal boat.

2. A steamer used for towing other vessels; a tug.

Towel

Tow"el (?), n. [OE.towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG. dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þwe\'a0n to wash, OS. thwahan, Icel. þv&amac;, Sw. tv\'86, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.] A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, as the person after a bath. Towel gourd (Bot.), the fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa \'92gyptiaca; also, the plant itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath sponge, and dishcloth.

Towel

Tow"el, v. t. To beat with a stick. [Prov. Eng.]

Toweling

Tow"el*ing, n. Cloth for towels, especially such as is woven in long pieces to be cut at will, as distinguished from that woven in towel lengths with borders, etc. [Written also towelling.]

Tower

Tow"er (?), n. [OE. tour,tor,tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr. twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor, Turret.]

1. (Arch.) (a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that proportion. (b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the curtain wall or higher. (c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose, as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and to the height of the rest of the edifice; as, a church tower.

2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense.

Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy. Ps. lxi. 3.

3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also, any high headdress.

Lay trains of amorous intrigues In towers, and curls, and periwigs. Hudibras.

4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson.

Gay Lussac's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process, to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes that they may be returned to the Glover's tower to be reemployed. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover's tower, below. -- Glover's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac's tower, above. -- Round tower. See under Round, a. -- Shot tower. See under Shot. -- Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works. -- Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata. -- Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest.

Tower

Tow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. towered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. towering.] To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high; hence, to soar.
On the other side an high rock towered still. Spenser.
My lord protector's hawks do tower so well. Shak.

Tower

Tow"er, v. t. To soar into. [Obs.] Milton.

Towered

Tow"ered (?), a. Adorned or defended by towers.
Towered cities please us then. Milton.

Towering

Tow"er*ing (?), a.

1. Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height. Pope.

2. Hence, extreme; violent; surpassing.

A man agitated by a towering passion. Sir W. Scott.

Towery

Tow"er*y (?), a. Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery cities." Pope.

Tow-head

Tow"-head` (?), n.

1. An urchin who has soft, whitish hair. [Colloq.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) The hooded merganser. [ Local, U.S. ]

Towhee

To*whee" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chewink.

Towilly

To*wil"ly (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sanderling; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

Towline

Tow"line` (?), n. [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.) A line used to tow vessels; a towrope.

Town

Town (?), n. [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village, town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun, Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress, W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.]

1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson.

3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities.

God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper.

4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.

5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U.S.]

6. The court end of London;-commonly with the.

7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country.

Always hankering after the diversions of the town. Addison.
Stunned with his giddy larum half the town. Pope.
&hand; The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns.

8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.] &hand; Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town-crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town-house. Syn. -- Village; hamlet. See Village.

Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. -- Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. -- Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. -- Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U.S.] -- Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.

Town-crier

Town"-cri`er (?), n. A town officer who makes proclamations to the people; the public crier of a town.

Towned

Towned (?), a. Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Townhall

Town"hall` (?), n. A public hall or building, belonging to a town, where the public offices are established, the town council meets, the people assemble in town meeting, etc.

Townhouse

Town"house` (?), n. A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall. <-- 2. a house in the city, usu. said of a second residence belonging to one who has a permanent residence elsewhere, as in the countryside. = town house (b) 3. Row House. -->

Townish

Town"ish, a Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town. [R.] Turbervile.

Townless

Town"less, a. Having no town. Howell.

Townlet

Town"let (?), n. A small town. North Brit. Rev.

Townsfolk

Towns"folk` (?), n. The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in distinction from country people; townspeople.

Township

Town"ship (?), n.

1. The district or territory of a town. &hand; In the United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county.

2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections.

3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county.

Townsman

Towns"man (?), n.; pl. Townsmen (-men).

1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope.

2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman.

Townpeople

Town"peo`ple (?), n. The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction from country people; townsfolk.

Townward, Townwards

Town"ward, Town"wards (?), (?), adv. Toward a town. Longfellow.

Towpath

Tow"path` (?), n. A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; -- called also towing path.

Towrope

Tow"rope` (?), n. A rope used in towing vessels.

Towser

Tow"ser (?), n. [See Touse to pull about. ] A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ]

Towy

Tow"y (?), a. Composed of, or like, tow.

Tox Tox* (?), a. [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.) Blood poisoning. See under Blood.

Toxic, Toxical

Tox"ic, Tox"ic*al (?), a. [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. Intoxicate.] Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as, toxic medicines.

Toxicant

Tox"i*cant (?), n. A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant.

Toxicological

Tox`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.F. toxicologique. ] Of or pertaining to toxicology. -- Tox`i*co*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Toxicologist

Tox`i*col"o*gist (?), n. One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons.

Toxicology

Tox`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.toxicologie. See Toxic. ] The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and recignition; also, a discourse or treatise on the science.

Toxicomania

Tox`i*co*ma"ni*a (?), n. [See. Toxic, and Mania.]

1. (Med.) Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor.

2. (Med.) An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson.

Toxifera

Tox*if"e*ra (?), n.pl. [NL.,fr.Gr.ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Toxoglossa.

Toxin, Toxine

Tox"in, Tox"ine (?), n. [Gr.Toxic. ] A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria<--, or plants or animals -->, as a toxic proteid or poisonous ptomaine.

Toxiphobia

Tox`i*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.) An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons.

Toxodon

Tox"o*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A gigantic extinct herbivorous mammal from South America, having teeth bent like a bow. It is the type of the order Toxodonta.

Toxodonta

Tox`o*don"ta (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of Mammalia found in the South American Tertiary formation. The incisor teeth were long and curved and provided with a persistent pulp. They are supposed to be related both to the rodents and ungulates. Called also Toxodontia.

Toxoglossa

Tox`o*glos"sa (?), n.pl. [NL.,fr.Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula are converted into poison fangs. The cone shells (Conus), Pleurotoma, and Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n., 4, Pleurotoma, and Terebra.

Toxophilite

Tox*oph"i*lite (?), n. [Gr. to`xon a bow + filei^n to love.] A lover of archery; one devoted to archery.

Toxotes

Tox"o*tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes comprising the archer fishes. See Archer fish.

Toy

Toy (?), n. [D. tuid tools, implements, stuff, trash, speeltuig playthings, toys; akin to G. zeug stuff, materials, MNG. zuic, Icel. tygi gear; all ultimately from the root of E. tug, v.t.; cf.G. zeugen to beget, MHG.ziugen to beget, make ready, procure. See Tug, v. t.]

1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper.

2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade of little value; a trifle.

They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of gold and pearl. Abr. Abbot.

3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion.

To fly about playing their wanton toys. Spenser.
What if a toy take'em in the heels now, and they all run away. Beau. &Fl.
Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell. Drayton.

4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton.

To dally thus with death is no fit toy. Spenser.

5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak.

6. [Probably the same word.] A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; -- called also toy mutch. [Scot.] "Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and scarlet plaid." Sir W. Scott.

Toy

Toy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. toyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. toying.] To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.
To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest. Shak.

Toy

Toy, v. t. To treat foolishly. [Obs.] E. Dering (1576).

Toyear

To*year (?), adv. [To, prep. + year. ] This year. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Toyer

Toy"er (?), n. One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks; a trifler.

Toyful

Toy"ful (?), a. Full of trifling play. [Obs.] Donne.

Toyhouse

Toy"house` (?), n. A house for children to play in or to play with; a playhouse.

Toyingly

Toy"ing*ly (?), adv. In a toying manner.

Toyish

Toy"ish, a

1. Sportive; trifling; wanton.

2. Resembling a toy. --Toy"ish*ly, dv.-Toy"ish*ness, n.

Page 1524

Toyman

Toy"man (?), n. One who deals toys.

Toyshop

Toy"shop` (?), n. A shop where toys are sold.

Toysome

Toy"some (?), a. Disposed to toy; trifling; wanton. [R.] Ford.

Toze

Toze (?), v. t. To pull violently; to touse. [Obs.]

Tozy

To"zy (?), a. [See Toze ] Soft, like wool that has been teased. -- To"zi*ness (#), n.

Trabea

Tra"be*a (?), n.; pl. Trabe\'91 (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A toga of purple, or ornamented with purple horizontal stripes. -- worn by kings, consuls, and augurs. Dr. W. Smith.

Trabeated

Tra"be*a`ted (?), a. (Arch.) Furnished with an entablature.

Trabeation

Tra`be*a"tion (?), n. [L.trabs, trabis, a beam, a timber.] (Arch.)Same as Entablature.

Trabecula

Tra*bec"u*la (?), n.; pl. Trabecul\'91 (-l&emac;). [L., a little beam.] (Anat.) A small bar, rod, bundle of fibers, or septal membrane, in the framework of an organ part.

Trabecular

Tra*bec"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a trabecula or trabecul\'91; composed of trabecul\'91.

Trabeculate

Tra*bec"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Crossbarred, as the ducts in a banana stem.

Trabu

Tra"bu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Trubu.

Trace

Trace (?), n. [F.trais. pl. of trait. See Trait.] One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whiffletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug.

Trace

Trace, n. [F. trace. See Trace, v. t. ]

1. A mark left by anything passing; a track; a path; a course; a footprint; a vestige; as, the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace of a deer; a sinuous trace. Milton.

2. (Chem.&Min.) A very small quantity of an element or compound in a given substance, especially when so small that the amount is not quantitatively determined in an analysis;-hence, in stating an analysis, often contracted to tr.

3. A mark, impression, or visible appearance of anything left when the thing itself no longer exists; remains; token; vestige.

The shady empire shall retain no trace Of war or blood, but in the sylvan chase. Pope.

4. (Descriptive Geom.&Persp.) The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane.

5. (Fort.) The ground plan of a work or works.

Syn.-Vestige; mark; token. See Vestige.

Trace

Trace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. traced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracing.] [OF. tracier, F. tracer, from (assumed) LL. tractiare, fr.L. tractus, p. p. of trahere to draw. Cf. Abstract, Attract, Contract, Portratt, Tract, Trail, Train, Treat. ]

1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy, as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a figure or an outline; a traced drawing.

Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child, slowly lading into the twilight of the woods. Hawthorne.

2. To follow by some mark that has been left by a person or thing which has preceded; to follow by footsteps, tracks, or tokens. Cowper.

You may trace the deluge quite round the globe. T. Burnet.
I feel thy power . . . to trace the ways Of highest agents. Milton.

3. Hence, to follow the trace or track of.

How all the way the prince on footpace traced. Spenser.

4. To copy; to imitate.

That servile path thou nobly dost decline, Of tracing word, and line by line. Denham.

5. To walk over; to pass through; to traverse.

We do tracethis alley up and down. Shak.

Trace

Trace, v. i. To walk; to go; to travel. [Obs.]
Not wont on foot with heavy arms to trace. Spenser.

Traceable

Trace"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being traced. -- Trace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trace"a/bly, adv.

Tracer

Tra"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, traces.

Tracer/y

Tra"cer/y (?), n.; pl. Traceries ( (Arch.) Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: -- (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window. &hand; Window tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery. Plate tracery, common in Italy, consists of a series of ornamental patterns cut through a flat plate of stone. Bar tracery is a decorative pattern formed by the curves and intersections of the molded bars of the mullions. Window tracery is imitated in many decorative objects, as panels of wood or metal either pierced or in relief. See also Stump tracery under Stump, and Fan tracery under Fan. (b) A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed.

Trachea

Tra"che*a (?), n.; pl. Trache\'91 (#). [NL.,from L. trachia, Gr. trachei^a (sc. trach\'82e.]

1. (Anat.) The windpipe. See Illust. of Lung.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the respiratory tubes of insects and arachnids.

3. (Bot.) One of the large cells in woody tissue which have spiral, annular, or other markings, and are connected longitudinally so as to form continuous ducts.

Tracheal

Tra"che*al (?), a. [Cf.F.tracheal.] Of or pertaining to the trachea; like a trachea.

Trachearia

Tra`che*a"ri*a (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnida including those that breathe only by means of trache\'91. It includes the mites, ticks, false scorpions, and harvestmen.

Tracheary

Tra"che*a*ry (?), a. Tracheal; breathing by means of trache\'91. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trachearia.

Tracheata

Tra`che*a"ta (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of arthropods comprising all those which breathe by trache\'91, as distinguished from Crustacea, which breathe by means of branchi\'91.

Tracheate

Tra"che*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Breathing by means of trache\'91; of or pertaining to the Tracheata.

Tracheate

Tra"che*ate, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any arthropod having trache\'91; one of the Tracheata.

Tracheid

Tra"che*id (?), n. (Bot.) A wood cell with spiral or other markings and closed throughout, as in pine wood.

Tracheitis

Tra`che*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Trachea, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe.

Trachelidan

Tra*chel"i*dan (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe of beetles (Trachelides) which have the head supported on a pedicel. The oil beetles and the Cantharides are examples.

Trachelipod

Tra*chel"i*pod (?), n. [Gr.-pod:cf.F. trachelipode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trachelipoda.

Trachelipoda

Tra`che*lip"o*da (?), n.pl. [NL. See Trachelipod.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial group of gastropods comprising all those which have a spiral shell and the foot attached to the base of the neck.

Trachelipodous

Tra`che*lip"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the foot united with the neck; of or pertainingto the Trachelipoda.

Trachelobranchiate

Tra`che*lo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Gr.tranchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the gills situated upon the neck; -- said of certain mollusks.

Trachelorrhaphy

Tra`che*lor"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The operation of sewing up a laceration of the neck of the uterus.

Trachenchyma

Tra*chen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,fr. trachea + -enchyma as in E.parenchyma.] (Bot.) A vegetable tissue consisting of trache\'91.

Tracheobranchia

Tra`che*o*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Tracheobranchlae (#). [NL. See Trachea, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the gill-like breathing organs of certain aquatic insect larv\'91. They contain tracheal tubes somewhat similar to those of other insects.

Tracheobronchial

Tra`che*o*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining both to the tracheal and bronchial tubes, or to their junction; -- said of the syrinx of certain birds.

Tracheocele

Tra"che*o*cele (?), n. [Gr. tracheocele. ] (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A tumor containing air and communicating with the trachea. Morell Mackenzie.

Tracheophon\'91

Tra`che*oph"o*n\'91 (, n. pl. [NL., from trachea + Gr. fonei^n to sound.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of passerine birds having the syrinx at the lower end of the trachea.

Tracheoscopy

Tra`che*os"co*py (?), n. [Trachea + -scopy.] (Med.) Examination of the interior of the trachea by means of a mirror.

Tracheotomy

Tra`che*ot"o*my (?), n. [Trachea + Gr. tracheotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of making an opening into the windpipe.

Trachinoid

Tra"chi*noid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or like, Trachinus, a genus of fishes which includes the weevers. See Weever.

Trachitis

Tra*chi"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Tracheitis.

Trachycarpous

Tra`chy*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Rough-fruited. Gray.

Trachymedus\'91

Tra`chy*me*du"s\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.Gr. medusa.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of acalephs in which the development is direct from the eggs, without a hydroid stage. Some of the species are parasitic on other medus\'91.

Trachyspermous

Tra`chy*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Rough-seeded. Gray.

Trachystomata

Tra`chy*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.,fr.Gr. stoma.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of tailed aquatic amphibians, including Siren and Pseudobranchus. They have anterior legs only, are eel-like in form, and have no teeth except a small patch on the palate. The external gills are persistent through life.

Trachyte

Tra"chyte (?), n. [Gr. trachyte.] (Geol.) An igneous rock,usually light gray in color and breaking with a rough surface. It consists chiefly of orthoclase feldspar with sometimes hornblende and mica.

Trachytic

Tra*chyt"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. trachytique.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, trachyte.

Trachytoid

Trach"y*toid (?), a. [Trachyte + -oid.] (Min.) Resembling trachyte; -- used to define the structure of certain rocks.

Tracing

Tra"cing (?), n.

1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted.

2. A regular path or track; a course.

Tracing cloth, Tracing paper, specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of the original placed beneath.

Track

Track (?), n. [OF.trac track of horses, mules, trace of animals; of Teutonic origin; cf.D.trek a drawing, trekken to draw, travel, march, MHG. trechen, pret. trach. Cf. Trick.]

1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as, the track, or wake, of a ship; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or a wheel.

The bright track of his fiery car. Shak.

2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast; trace; vestige; footprint.

Far from track of men. Milton.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The entire lower surface of the foot;-said of birds, ect.

4. A road; a beaten path.

Behold Torquatus the same track pursue. Dryden.

5. Course; way; as, the track of a comet.

6. A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, ect.

7. (Raolroad) The permanent way; the rails.

8. [Perhaps a mistake for tract.] A tract or area, as of land. [Obs.] "Small tracks of ground." Fuller.

Track scale, a railway scale. See under Railway.

Track

Track, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tracked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracking.] To follow the tracks or traces of; to pursue by following the marks of the feet; to trace; to trail; as, to track a deer in the snow.
It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats among the hills and morasses. Macaulay.

2. (Naut.) To draw along continuously, as a vessel, by a line, men or animals on shore being the motive power; to tow.

Trackage

Track"age (?), n. The act of tracking, or towing, as a boat; towage.

Tracker

Track"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, tracks or pursues, as a man or dog that follows game.

And of the trackers of the deer Scarce half the lessening pack was near. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mus.) In the organ, a light strip of wood connecting (in path) a key and a pallet, to communicate motion by pulling.

Trackless

Track"less, a. Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert.
To climb the trackless mountain all unseen. Byron.
-- Track"less*ly, adv.-Track"less*ness, n.

Trackmatter

Track"mat`ter (?), n. (Railroad) One who has charge of the track; --called also roadmaster.

Track-road

Track"-road` (?), n. A towing path.

Trackscout

Track"scout (?), n. See Trackschuyt.

Tract

Tract (?), n. [Abbrev.fr. tractate.] A written discourse or dissertation, generally of short extent; a short treatise, especially on practical religion.
The church clergy at that writ the best collection of tracts against popery that ever appeared. Swift.
Tracts for the Times. See Tractarian.

Tract

Tract, n. [L. tractus a drawing, train, track, course, tract of land, from trahere tractum, to draw. Senses 4 and 5 are perhaps due to confusion with track. See Trace,v., and cf. Tratt.]

1. Something drawn out or extended; expanse. "The deep tract of hell." Milton.

2. A region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; an area; as, an unexplored tract of sea.

A very high mountain joined to the mainland by a narrowtract of earth. Addison.

3. Traits; features; lineaments. [Obs.]

The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a great weakness. Bacon.

4. The footprint of a wild beast. [Obs.] Dryden.

5. Track; trace. [Obs.]

Efface all tract of its traduction. Sir T. Browne.
But flies an eagle flight, bold, and forthon, Leaving no tract behind. Shak.

6. Treatment; exposition. [Obs.] Shak.

7. Continuity or extension of anything; as, the tract of speech. [Obs.] Older.

8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent. "Improved by tract of time." Milton.

9. (R. C. Ch.) Verses of Scripture sung at Mass, instead of the Alleluia, from Septuagesima Sunday till the Saturday befor Easter;-so called because sung tractim,or without a break, by one voice, instead of by many as in the antiphons. Syn. -- Region; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation.

Tract

Tract, v. t. To trace out; to track; also, to draw out; to protact. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson.

Tractability

Tract`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. tractabilitas: cf.F. tractabilite.] The quality or state of being tractable or docile; docility; tractableness.

Tractable

Tract"a*ble (?), a. [L. tractabilis, fr, tractare to draw violently, to handle, treat. See Treat, v. t.]

1. Capable of being easily led, taught, or managed; docile; manageable; governable; as, tractable children; a tractable learner.

I shall find them tractable enough. Shak.

2. Capable of being handled; palpable; practicable; feasible; as, tractable measures. [Obs.] Holder. --Tract"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tract"a/bly, adv.

Tractarian

Trac*ta"ri*an (?), n. (Ch. of England) One of the writers of the Oxford tracts, called "Tracts for the Times," issued during the period 1833-1841, in which series of papers the sacramental system and authority of the Church, and the value of tradition, were brought into prominence. Also, a member of the High Church party, holding generally the principles of the Tractarian writers; a Puseyite.
Page 1525

Tractarian

Trac*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tractarians, or their principles.

Tractarianism

Trac*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Ch. of England) The principles of the Tractarians, or of those persons accepting the teachings of the "Tracts for the Times."

Tractate

Tract"ate (?), n. [L. tractatus a touching, handling, treatise. See Tractable, and Tract a treatise, Treaty.] A treatise; a tract; an essay.
Agreeing in substance with Augustin's, from whose fourteenth Tractate on St. John the words are translated. Hare.

Tractation

Trac*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tractatio.] Treatment or handling of a subject; discussion. [Obs.]
A full tractation of the points controverted. Bp. Hall.

Tractator

Trac*ta"tor (?), n. [L., a handler.] One who writes tracts; specif., a Tractarian. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Tractile

Tract"ile (?), a. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw.] Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile. Bacon.

Tractility

Trac*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being tractile; ductility. Derham.

Traction

Trac"tion (?), n. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw: cf. F. traction.]

1. The act of drawing, or the state of being drawn; as, the traction of a muscle.

2. Specifically, the act of drawing a body along a plane by motive power, as the drawing of a carriage by men or horses, the towing of a boat by a tug.

3. Attraction; a drawing toward. [R.]

4. The adhesive friction of a wheel on a rail, a rope on a pulley, or the like. Knight.

Angle of traction (Mech.), the angle made with a given plane by the line of direction in which a tractive force acts. -- Traction engine, a locomotive for drawing vehicles on highways or in the fields.

Tractite

Tract"ite (?), n. A Tractarian.

Tractitious

Trac*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tractate.] Treating of; handling. [R.]

Tractive

Tract"ive (?), a. Serving to draw; pulling; attracting; as, tractive power.

Tractor

Tract"or (?), n. [NL., from L. trahere, tractum, to draw.]

1. That which draws, or is used for drawing.

2. pl. (Med.) Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the treatment called Perkinism.

Tractoration

Trac`to*ra"tion (?), n. See Perkinism.

Tractory

Tract"o*ry (?), n. [L. tractorius of drawing, fr. trahere, tractum, to draw.] (Geom.) A tractrix.

Tractrix

Tract"rix (?), n. [NL. See Tractor.] (Geom.) A curve such that the part of the tangent between the point of tangency and a given straight line is constant; -- so called because it was conceived as described by the motion of one end of a tangent line as the other end was drawn along the given line.

Trad

Trad (?), obs. imp. of Tread. Chaucer.

Trade

Trade (?), n. [Formerly, a path, OE. tred a footmark. See Tread, n. & v.]

1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort. [Obs.]

A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to pass through Priam's house. Surrey.
Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. Spenser.
Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway, Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet May hourly trample on their sovereign's head. Shak.

2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] "The right trade of religion." Udall.

There those five sisters had continual trade. Spenser.
Long did I love this lady, Long was my travel, long my trade to win her. Massinger.
Thy sin's not accidental but a trade. Shak.

3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair; dealing. [Obs.]

Have you any further trade with us? Shak.

4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter. &hand; Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting commodities from one country to another, or between places in the same country, by land or water.

5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in, for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially, mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician.

Accursed usury was all his trade. Spenser.
The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade. Milton.
I will instruct thee in my trade. Shak.

6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.]

The house and household goods, his trade of war. Dryden.

7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are collectively designated as the trade.

8. pl. The trade winds.

9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.] Syn. -- Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment; commerce; dealing; traffic.

Board of trade. See under Board. -- Trade dollar. See under Dollar. -- Trade price, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. Trade sale, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers. -- Trade wind, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except when affected by local causes; -- so called because of its usefulness to navigators, and hence to trade. &hand; The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W. on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather.

Trade

Trade (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traded; p. pr. & vb. n. Trading.]

1. To barter, or to buy and sell; to be engaged in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or anything else; to traffic; to bargain; to carry on commerce as a business.

A free port, where nations . . . resorted with their goods and traded. Arbuthnot.

2. To buy and sell or exchange property in a single instance.

3. To have dealings; to be concerned or associated; -- usually followed by with.

How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth? Shak.

Trade

Trade, v. t. To sell or exchange in commerce; to barter.
They traded the persons of men. Ezek. xxvii. 13.
To dicker and to swop, to trade rifles and watches. Cooper.

Trade

Trade, obs. imp. of Tread.

Traded

Trad"ed, a. Professional; practiced. [Obs.] Shak.

Tradeful

Trade"ful, a. Full of trade; busy in traffic; commercial. Spenser.

Tradeless

Trade"less, a. Having no trade or traffic. Young.

Trade-mark

Trade"-mark` (?), n. A peculiar distinguishing mark or device affixed by a manufacturer or a merchant to his goods, the exclusive right of using which is recognized by law.

Trader

Trad"er (?), n.

1. One engaged in trade or commerce; one who makes a business of buying and selling or of barter; a merchant; a trafficker; as, a trader to the East Indies; a country trader.

2. A vessel engaged in the coasting or foreign trade.

Tradescantia

Trad`es*can"ti*a (?), n. (Bot.) A genus including spiderwort and Wandering Jew.

Tradesfolk

Trades"folk` (?), n. People employed in trade; tradesmen. [R.] Swift.

Tradesman

Trades"man (?), n.; pl. Tradesmen (.

1. One who trades; a shopkeeper.

2. A mechanic or artificer; esp., one whose livelihood depends upon the labor of his hands. [U.S.] Burrill.

Tradespeople

Trades"peo`ple (?), n. People engaged in trade; shopkeepers.

trades union, ∨ Trade union

trades" un`ion (?), ∨ Trade" un`ion. An organized combination among workmen for the purpose of maintaining their rights, privileges, and interests with respect to wages, hours of labor, customs, etc.

Trades-unionist, ∨ Trade-unionist

Trades"-un`ion*ist, ∨ Trade"-un`ion*ist, n. A member of a trades union, or a supporter of trades unions.

Tradeswoman

Trades"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Tradeswomen (. A woman who trades, or is skilled in trade.

Trading

Trad"ing (?), a.

1. Carrying on trade or commerce; engaged in trade; as, a trading company.

2. Frequented by traders. [R.] "They on the trading flood." Milton.

3. Venal; corrupt; jobbing; as, a trading politician.

Tradition

Tra*di"tion (?), n. [OE. tradicioun, L. traditio, from tradere to give up, transmit. See Treason, Traitor.]

1. The act of delivering into the hands of another; delivery. "A deed takes effect only from the tradition or delivery." Blackstone.

2. The unwritten or oral delivery of information, opinions, doctrines, practices, rites, and customs, from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any knowledge, opinions, or practice, from forefathers to descendants by oral communication, without written memorials.

3. Hence, that which is transmitted orally from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; knowledge or belief transmitted without the aid of written memorials; custom or practice long observed.

Will you mock at an ancient tradition begun upon an honorable respect? Shak.
Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pr\'82. Longfellow.

4. (Theol.) (a) An unwritten code of law represented to have been given by God to Moses on Sinai.

Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered. Mark vii. 13.
(b) That body of doctrine and discipline, or any article thereof, supposed to have been put forth by Christ or his apostles, and not committed to writing.
Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle. 2 Thess. ii. 15.
Tradition Sunday (Eccl.), Palm Sunday; -- so called because the creed was then taught to candidates for baptism at Easter.

Tradition

Tra*di"tion, v. t. To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down. [Obs.]
The following story is . . . traditioned with very much credit amongst our English Catholics. Fuller.

Traditional

Tra*di"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. traditionnel, LL. traditionalis.]

1. Of or pertaining to tradition; derived from tradition; communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted from age to age without writing; as, traditional opinions; traditional customs; traditional expositions of the Scriptures.

2. Observant of tradition; attached to old customs; old-fashioned. [R.] Shak.

Traditionlism

Tra*di"tion*l*ism (?), n. A system of faith founded on tradition; esp., the doctrine that all religious faith is to be based solely upon what is delivered from competent authority, exclusive of rational processes.

Traditionalist

Tra*di"tion*al*ist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in, traditionalism; a traditionist.

Traditionally

Tra*di"tion*al*ly, adv. In a traditional manner.

Traditionarily

Tra*di"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By tradition.

Traditionary

Tra*di"tion*a*ry (?), a. Traditional.
The reveries of the Talmud, a collection of Jewish traditionary interpolations. Buckminster.

Traditionary

Tra*di"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Traditionaries (. [Cf. F. traditionnare.] One, among the Jews, who acknowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the Scriptures by them.

Traditioner, Traditionist

Tra*di"tion*er (?), Tra*di"tion*ist, n. [Cf. F. traditionniste.] One who adheres to tradition.

Traditive

Trad"i*tive (?), a. [L. tradere, traditum, to transmit, give up: cf. F. traditif.] Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age, by oral communication; traditional. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
Suppose we on things traditive divide. Dryden.

Traditor

Trad"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. tradere, traditum. See Traitor.] (Eccl. Hist.) A deliverer; -- a name of infamy given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures, or the goods of the church, to their persecutors to save their lives. Milner.

Traduce

Tra*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traducing (?).] [L. traducere, traductum, to lead across, lead along, exhibit as a spectacle, disgrace, transfer, derive; trans across, over + ducere to lead: cf. F. traduire to transfer, translate, arraign, fr. L. traducere. See Duke.]

1. To transfer; to transmit; to hand down; as, to traduce mental qualities to one's descendants. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. To translate from one language to another; as, to traduce and compose works. [Obs.] Golden Boke.

3. To increase or distribute by propagation. [Obs.]

From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated and traduced over the earth. Sir M. Hale.

4. To draw away; to seduce. [Obs.]

I can forget the weakness Of the traduced soldiers. Beau. & Fl.

5. To represent; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to make an example of. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. To expose to contempt or shame; to represent as blamable; to calumniate; to vilify; to defame.

The best stratagem that Satan hath . . . is by traducing the form and manner of them [prayers], to bring them into contempt. Hooker.
He had the baseness . . . to traduce me in libel. Dryden.
Syn. -- To calumniate; vilify; defame; disparage; detract; depreciate; decry; slander.

Traducement

Tra*duce"ment (?), n. The act of traducing; misrepresentation; ill-founded censure; defamation; calumny. [R.] Shak.

Traducent

Tra*du"cent (?), a. [L. traducens, p. pr. of traducere. See Traduce.] Slanderous. [R.] Entick.

Traducer

Tra*du"cer (?), n.

1. One who traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator. Bp. Hall.

2. One who derives or deduces. [Obs.] Fuller.

Traducian

Tra*du"cian (?), n. A believer in traducianism.

Traducianism

Tra*du"cian*ism (?), n. (Theol.) The doctrine that human souls are produced by the act of generation; -- opposed to creationism, and infusionism.

Traducible

Tra*du"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being derived or propagated. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. Capable of being traduced or calumniated. [R.]

Traducingly

Tra*du"cing*ly, adv. In a traducing manner; by traduction; slanderously.

Traduct

Tra*duct" (?), v. t. [L. traducere, traductum. See Traduce.] To derive or deduce; also, to transmit; to transfer. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Traduct

Tra*duct", n. That which is traducted; that which is transferred; a translation. [Obs.] Howell.

Traduction

Tra*duc"tion (?), n. [L. traductio a transferring: cf. F. traduction translation. See Traduce.]

1. Transmission from one to another. [Obs.]

Traditional communication and traduction of truths. Sir M. Hale.

2. Translation from one language to another. [Obs.]

3. Derivation by descent; propagation. [R.]

If by traduction came thy mind, Our wonder is the less to find A soul so charming from a stock so good. Dryden.

4. The act of transferring; conveyance; transportation. [R.] "The traduction of brutes." Sir M. Hale.

5. Transition. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. (Logic) A process of reasoning in which each conclusion applies to just such an object as each of the premises applies to. Jevons.

Traductive

Tra*duc"tive (?), a. Capable of being deduced; derivable. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Traffic

Traf"fic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trafficked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trafficking (?).] [F. trafiquer; cf. It. trafficare, Sp. traficar, trafagar, Pg. traficar, trafegar, trafeguear, LL. traficare; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. L. trans across, over + -ficare to make (see -fy, and cf. G. \'81bermachen to transmit, send over, e. g., money, wares); or cf. Pg. trasfegar to pour out from one vessel into another, OPg. also, to traffic, perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. vicare to exchange, from L. vicis change (cf. Vicar).]

1. To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to buy or sell goods; to barter; to trade.

2. To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain.

Traffic

Traf"fic, v. t. To exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a consideration.

Traffic

Traf"fic, n. [Cf. F. trafic, It. traffico, Sp. tr\'a0fico, tr\'a0fago, Pg. tr\'a0fego, LL. traficum, trafica. See Traffic, v.]

1. Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange of goods and commodities; trade.

A merchant of great traffic through the world. Shak.
The traffic in honors, places, and pardons. Macaulay.
&hand; This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent, unless the business of relating may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that.
Page 1526

2. Commodities of the market. [R.]

You 'll see a draggled damsel From Billingsgate her fishy traffic bear. Gay.

3. The business done upon a railway, steamboat line, etc., with reference to the number of passengers or the amount of freight carried.

Traffic return, a periodical statement of the receipts for goods and passengers, as on a railway line. -- Traffic taker, a computer of the returns of traffic on a railway, steamboat line, etc.

Trafficable

Traf"fic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being disposed of in traffic; marketable. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Trafficker

Traf"fick*er (?), n. One who traffics, or carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant.

Trafficless

Traf"fic*less, a. Destitute of traffic, or trade.

Tragacanth

Trag"a*canth (?), n. [L. tragacanthum tragacanth, tragacantha the plant producing tragacanth, Gr. tragacanthe.] A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub (Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly swells into a mucilaginous mass, which is used as a substitute for gum arabic in medicine and the arts. Called also gum tragacanth.

Tragedian

Tra*ge"di*an (?), n. [Cf. F. trag\'82dien.]

1. A writer of tragedy.

Thence what the lofty, grave, tragedians taught. Milton.

2. An actor or player in tragedy. Shak.

Trag\'82dienne

Tra`g\'82`dienne" (?), n. [F.] A woman who plays in tragedy.

Tragedious

Tra*ge"di*ous (?), a. Like tragedy; tragical. [Obs.] "Tragedious history." Fabyan.

Tragedy

Trag"e*dy (?), n.; pl. Tragedies (#). [OE.tragedie, OF.tragedie, F. trag\'82die, L. tragoedia, Gr. trout) + Ode.]

1. A dramatic poem, composed in elevated style, representing a signal action performed by some person or persons, and having a fatal issue; that species of drama which represents the sad or terrible phases of character and life.

Tragedy is to say a certain storie, As olde bookes maken us memorie, Of him that stood in great prosperitee And is yfallen out of high degree Into misery and endeth wretchedly. Chaucer.
All our tragedies are of kings and princes. Jer. Taylor.
tragedy is poetry in its deepest earnest; comedy is poetry in unlimited jest. Coleridge.

2. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are lost by human violence, more especially by unauthorized violence.

Tragic, Tragical

Trag"ic (?), Trag"ic*al (?), a. [L. tragicus, Gr.tragique.]

1. Of or pertaining to tragedy; of the nature or character of tragedy; as, a tragic poem; a tragic play or representation.

2. Fatal to life; mournful; terrible; calamitous; as, the tragic scenes of the French revolution.

3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow.

Why look you still so stern and tragical ? Shak.
-- Trag"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Trag"ic*al*ness, n.

Tragic

Trag"ic (?), n.

1. A writer of tragedy. [Obs.]

2. A tragedy; a tragic drama. [Obs.]

Tragi-comedy

Trag`i-com"e*dy (?), n. [Cf. F. tragicom\'82die, L. tragicocomoedia. See Tragic, and Comedy.] A kind of drama representing some action in which serious and comic scenes are blended; a composition partaking of the nature both of tragedy and comedy.
The noble tragi-comedy of "Measure for Measure." Macaulay.

Tragi-comic, Tragi-comical

Trag`i-com"ic (?), Trag`i-com"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. tragi-comique.] Of or pertaining to tragi-comedy; partaking of grave and comic scenes. -- Trag`-com"ic*al*ly, adv.
Julian felt toward him that tragi-comic sensation which makes us pity the object which excites it not the less that we are somewhat inclined to laugh amid our sympathy. Sir W. Scott.

Tragi-comi-pastoral

Trag`i-com`i-pas"tor*al (?), a. Partaking of the nature of, or combining, tragedy, comedy, and pastoral poetry. [R.] Gay.

Tragopan

Trag"o*pan (?), n. [NL., fr. L. tragopan a fabulous Ethiopian bird, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Asiatic pheasants of the genus Ceriornis. They are brilliantly colored with a variety of tints, the back and breast are usually covered with white or buff ocelli, and the head is ornamented with two bright-colored, fleshy wattles. The crimson tragopan, or horned pheasant (C. satyra), of India is one of the best-known species.

Tragus

Tra"gus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear. See Illust. under Ear.

T rail

T" rail` (?). See under T.

Trail

Trail (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trailing.] [OE. trailen, OF. trailler to trail a deer, or hunt him upon a cold scent, also, to hunt or pursue him with a limehound, F. trailler to trail a fishing line; probably from a derivative of L. trahere to draw; cf. L. traha a drag, sledge, tragula a kind of drag net, a small sledge, Sp. trailla a leash, an instrument for leveling the ground, D. treilen to draw with a rope, to tow, treil a rope for drawing a boat. See Trace, v. t.]

1. To hunt by the track; to track. <-- (b) to follow behind. (c) To pursue. --> Halliwell.

2. To draw or drag, as along the ground.

And hung his head, and trailed his legs along. Dryden.
They shall not trail me through their streets Like a wild beast. Milton.
Long behind he trails his pompous robe. Pope.

3. (Mil.) To carry, as a firearm, with the breech near the ground and the upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand near the middle.

4. To tread down, as grass, by walking through it; to lay flat. Longfellow.

5. To take advantage of the ignorance of; to impose upon. [Prov. Eng.]

I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent; that is, playing on her ignorance. C. Bronte.

Trail

Trail (?), v. i.

1. To be drawn out in length; to follow after.

When his brother saw the red blood trail. Spenser.

2. To grow to great length, especially when slender and creeping upon the ground, as a plant; to run or climb.

Trail

Trail, n.

1. A track left by man or beast; a track followed by the hunter; a scent on the ground by the animal pursued; as, a deer trail.

They traveled in the bed of the brook, leaving no dangerous trail. Cooper.
How cheerfully on the false trail they cry! Shak.

2. A footpath or road track through a wilderness or wild region; as, an Indian trail over the plains.

3. Anything drawn out to a length; as, the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke.

When lightning shoots in glittering trails along. Rowe.

4. Anything drawn behind in long undulations; a train. "A radiant trail of hair." Pope.

5. Anything drawn along, as a vehicle. [Obs.]

6. A frame for trailing plants; a trellis. [Obs.]

7. The entrails of a fowl, especially of game, as the woodcock, and the like; -- applied also, sometimes, to the entrails of sheep.

The woodcock is a favorite with epicures, and served with its trail in, is a delicious dish. Baird.

8. (Mil.) That part of the stock of a gun carriage which rests on the ground when the piece is unlimbered. See Illust. of Gun carriage, under Gun.

9. The act of taking advantage of the ignorance of a person; an imposition. [Prov. Eng.]

Trail boards (Shipbuilding), the carved boards on both sides of the cutwater near the figurehead. -- Trail net, a net that is trailed or drawn behind a boat. Wright.

Trailer

Trail"er (?), n. One who, or that which, trails. <-- 2. a wheeled vehicle without a motor, designed to be drawn by a powered vehicle; esp. such a vehicle equipped as a mobile dwelling unit, used as such when parked, also called mobile home. 3. A trailer (2) designed to carry a heavy object, as a boat trailer. 4. (Movies) A short blank segment of movie film attached to the end; -- used for convenient insertion of the film in a projector. 5. A part of an object which extends some distance beyond the main body of the object; as, the trailer of a plant. trailer park. An area equipped to accommodate trailers (2), often with outlets supplying electrical power and water. Called also trailer camp, trailer court. -->

Trailing

Trail"ing, a. & vb. n. from Trail. Trailing arbutus. (Bot.) See under Arbutus. -- Trailing spring, a spring fixed in the axle box of the trailing wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in deadening any shock which may occur. Weale. -- Trailing wheel, a hind wheel of a locomotive when it is not a driving wheel; also, one of the hind wheels of a carriage.

Train

Train (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Training.] [OF. trahiner, tra\'8bner,F. tra\'8cner, LL. trahinare, trainare, fr. L. trahere to draw. See Trail.]

1. To draw along; to trail; to drag.

In hollow cube Training his devilish enginery. Milton.

2. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure. [Obs.]

If but a dozen French Were there in arms, they would be as a call To train ten thousand English to their side. Shak.
O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note. Shak.
This feast, I'll gage my life, Is but a plot to train you to your ruin. Ford.

3. To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms.

Our trained bands, which are the trustiest and most proper strength of a free nation. Milton.
The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train. Dryden.

4. To break, tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen.

5. (Hort.) To lead or direct, and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape, by bending, lopping, or pruning; as, to train young trees.

He trained the young branches to the right hand or to the left. Jeffrey.

6. (Mining) To trace, as a lode or any mineral appearance, to its head.

To train a gun (Mil. & Naut.), to point it at some object either forward or else abaft the beam, that is, not directly on the side. Totten. -- To train, ∨ To train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up.
Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it. Prov. xxii. 6.
The first Christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory. Tillotson.

Train

Train, v. i.

1. To be drilled in military exercises; to do duty in a military company.

2. To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical contest; as, to train for a boat race.

Train

Train, n. [F. train, OF. tra\'8bn, trahin; cf. (for some of the senses) F. traine. See Train, v.]

1. That which draws along; especially, persuasion, artifice, or enticement; allurement. [Obs.] "Now to my charms, and to my wily trains." Milton.

2. Hence, something tied to a lure to entice a hawk; also, a trap for an animal; a snare. Halliwell.

With cunning trains him to entrap un wares. Spenser.

3. That which is drawn along in the rear of, or after, something; that which is in the hinder part or rear. Specifically : -- (a) That part of a gown which trails behind the wearer. (b) (Mil.) The after part of a gun carriage; the trail. (c) The tail of a bird. "The train steers their flights, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of ship." Ray.

4. A number of followers; a body of attendants; a retinue; a suite.

The king's daughter with a lovely train. Addison.
My train are men of choice and rarest parts. Shak.

5. A consecution or succession of connected things; a series. "A train of happy sentiments." I. Watts.

The train of ills our love would draw behind it. Addison.
Rivers now Stream and perpetual draw their humid train. Milton.
Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order. Locke.

6. Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train for settlement.

If things were once in this train, . . . our duty would take root in our nature. Swift.

7. The number of beats of a watch in any certain time.

8. A line of gunpowder laid to lead fire to a charge, mine, or the like.

9. A connected line of cars or carriages on a railroad.

10. A heavy, long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, and the like.

11. (Rolling Mill) A roll train; as, a 12-inch train.

Roll train, ∨ Train of rolls (Rolling Mill), a set of plain or grooved rolls for rolling metal into various forms by a series of consecutive operations. -- Train mile (Railroads), a unit employed in estimating running expenses, etc., being one of the total number of miles run by all the trains of a road, or system of roads, as within a given time, or for a given expenditure; -- called also mile run. -- Train of artillery, any number of cannon, mortars, etc., with the attendants and carriages which follow them into the field. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.). -- Train of mechanism, a series of moving pieces, as wheels and pinions, each of which is follower to that which drives it, and driver to that which follows it. -- Train road, a slight railway for small cars, -- used for construction, or in mining. -- Train tackle (Naut.), a tackle for running guns in and out. Syn. -- Cars. -- Train, Cars. Train is the word universally used in England with reference to railroad traveling; as, I came in the morning train. In the United States, the phrase the cars has been extensively introduced in the room of train; as, the cars are late; I came in the cars. The English expression is obviously more appropriate, and is prevailing more and more among Americans, to the exclusion of the cars.

Trainable

Train"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being trained or educated; as, boys trainable to virtue. Richardson.

Trainband

Train"band` (?), n.; pl. Trainbands (. A band or company of an organized military force instituted by James I. and dissolved by Charles II.; -- afterwards applied to the London militia. [Eng.]
He felt that, without some better protection than that of the trainbands and Beefeaters, his palace and person would hardly be secure. Macaulay.
A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper.

Trainbearer

Train"bear`er (?), n. One who holds up a train, as of a robe.

Trainel

Train"el (?), n. [OF.] A dragnet. [Obs.] Holland.

Trainer

Train"er (?), n.

1. One who trains; an instructor; especially, one who trains or prepares men, horses, etc., for exercises requiring physical agility and strength.

2. A militiaman when called out for exercise or discipline. [U. S.] Bartlett.

Training

Train"ing, n. The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising, disciplining, etc.; education. Fan training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall radiate from the stem like a fan. -- Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall spread out laterally in a horizontal direction. -- Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a. -- Training day, a day on which a military company assembles for drill or parade. [U. S.] -- Training ship, a vessel on board of which boys are trained as sailors. Syn. -- See Education.

Train oil

Train" oil` (oil`). [D. or LG. traan train oil, blubber (cf. Dan. & Sw. tran, G. thran) + E. oil.] Oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales, by boiling.

Trainy

Train"y (?), a. Belonging to train oil. [Obs.] Gay.

Traipse

Traipse (?), v. i. [Cf. G. trapsen, trappsen, trappen, to tread noisily, to walk stamping. See Trample, Trape.] To walk or run about in a slatternly, careless, or thoughtless manner. [Colloq.] Pope.

Trais, Trays

Trais (?), Trays, n. pl. Traces. [Obs.]
Four white bulls in the trays. Chaucer.

Trait

Trait (?), n. [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace, v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.]

1. A stroke; a touch.

By this single trait Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey. Broome.

2. A distinguishing or marked feature; a peculiarity; as, a trait of character. &hand; Formerly pronounced tr\'be, as in French, and still so pronounced to some extent in England.

Traiteur

Trai`teur" (?), n. [F.] The keeper of an eating house, or restaurant; a restaurateur. Simmonds.
Page 1527

Traitor

Trai"tor (?), n. [OE. traitour, OF. tra\'8btor, tra\'8bteur, F. tre\'8ctre, L. traditor, fr. tradere, traditum, to deliver, to give up or surrender treacherously, to betray; trans across, over + dare to give. See Date time, and cf. Betray,Tradition, Traditor, Treason.]

1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to an enemy, or yields up any fort or place intrusted to his defense, or surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; also, one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See Treason.

O passing traitor, perjured and unjust! Shak.

2. Hence, one who betrays any confidence or trust; a betrayer. "This false traitor death." Chaucer.

Traitor

Trai"tor, a. Traitorous. [R.] Spenser. Pope.

Traitor

Trai"tor, v. t. To act the traitor toward; to betray; to deceive. [Obs.] " But time, it traitors me." Lithgow.

Traitoress

Trai"tor*ess (?), n. A traitress. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Traitorly

Trai"tor*ly (?), a. Like a traitor; treacherous; traitorous. [Obs.] "Traitorly rascals." Shak.

Traitorous

Trai"tor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. tra\'8ctreux.]

1. Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as, a traitorous officer or subject. Shak.

2. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of allegiance; as, a traitorous scheme. -- Trai"tor*ous*ly, adv. -- Trai"tor*ous*ness, n.

Traitory

Trai"tor*y (?), n. Treachery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Traitress

Trai"tress (?), n. [F. tra\'8ctresse.] A woman who betrays her country or any trust; a traitoress. Dryden.

Traject

Tra*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trajected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trajecting.] [L. trajectus, p. p. of trajicere to throw across; trans across + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To throw or cast through, over, or across; as, to traject the sun's light through three or more cross prisms. [R.] Sir I. Newton.

Traject

Traj"ect (?), n. [L. trajectus, fr. trajicere: cf. F. trajet, OF. traject. See Traject, v. t.]

1. A place for passing across; a passage; a ferry. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. The act of trajecting; trajection.

3. A trajectory. [R.] I. Taylor.

Trajection

Tra*jec"tion (?), n. [L. trajectio a crossing over, transposition.]

1. The act of trajecting; a throwing or casting through or across; also, emission. Boyle.

2. Transposition. [R.] Knatchbull.

Trajectory

Tra*ject"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Trajectories (#). [Cf. F. trajectoire.] The curve which a body describes in space, as a planet or comet in its orbit, or stone thrown upward obliquely in the air.

Trajet, Trajetour, Trajetry

Tra"jet (?), Tra"jet*our (?), Tra"jet*ry (?), n. See Treget, Tregetour, and Tregetry. [Obs.]

Tralation

Tra*la"tion (?), n. [L. tralatio, translatio.See Translation.] The use of a word in a figurative or extended sense; ametaphor; a trope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Tralatition

Tral`a*ti"tion (?), n. [See Tralatitious.] A change, as in the use of words; a metaphor.

Tralatitious

Tral`a*ti"tious (?), a. [L. tralatitius, translatitius, tralaticius, translaticius. See Tralation.]

1. Passed along; handed down; transmitted.

Among biblical critics a tralatitious interpretation is one received by expositor from expositor. W. Withington.

2. Metaphorical; figurative; not literal. Stackhouse.

Tralatitiously

Tral`a*ti"tious*ly, adv. In a tralatitious manner; metephorically. Holder.

Tralineate

Tra*lin"e*ate (?), v. i. [L. trans across + linea a line: cf. It tralineare, tralignare.] To deviate; to stray; to wander. [Obs.] Dryden.

Tralucency

Tra*lu"cen*cy (?), n. Translucency; as, the tralucency of a gem. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Tralucent

Tra*lu"cent (?), a. [L. tralucens, translucens, p. pr. See Translucent.] Translucent. [Obs.]
The air's tralucent gallery. Sir. J. Davies.

Tram

Tram (?), n. [Prov. E. tram a coal wagon, the shaft of a cart or carriage, a beam or bar; probably of Scand, origin; cf. OSw. tr\'86m, trum, a beam, OD. drom, Prov. & OHG. tram.]

1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for carrying coal or ore.

2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

3. One of the rails of a tramway.

4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.]

Tram car, a car made to run on a tramway, especially a street railway car. -- Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail. -- Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the spindle of a millstone.

Tram

Tram, n. [Sp. trama weft, or F. trame.] A silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together, used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality of velvets and silk goods.

Tramble

Tram"ble (?), v. t. (Mining) To wash, as tin ore, with a shovel in a frame fitted for the purpose. Smart.

Trammel

Tram"mel (?), n. [F. tramail, tr\'82mail, a net, LL. tremaculum, tremacle, a kind of net for taking fish; L. tres three + macula a mesh. See Three, and Mail armor.]

1. A kind of net for catching birds, fishes, or other prey. Carew.

2. A net for confining a woman's hair. Spenser.

3. A kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse and making him amble.

4. Fig.: Whatever impedes activity, progress, or freedom, as a net or shackle.

[They] disdain the trammels of any sordid contract. Jeffrey.

5. An iron hook of various forms and sizes, used for handing kettles and other vessels over the fire.

6. (Mech.) (a) An instrument for drawing ellipses, one part of which consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles to each other, the other being a beam carrying two pins (which slide in those grooves), and also the describing pencil. (b) A beam compass. See under Beam.

Trammel

Tram"mel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trammeled (?) or Trammelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trammeling, or Trammelling.]

1. To entangle, as in a net; to catch. [R.] Shak.

2. To confine; to hamper; to shackle.

Trammeled

Tram"meled (?), a. (Man.) Having blazes, or white marks, on the fore and hind foot of one side, as if marked by trammels; -- said of a horse. [Written also trammelled.]

Trammeler

Tram"mel*er (?), n. [Written also trammeller.]

1. One who uses a trammel net. Nares.

2. One who, or that which, trammels or restrains.

Tramming

Tram"ming (?), n. (Silk Manuf.) The act or process of forming trams. See 2d Tram.

Tramontane

Tra*mon"tane (?), a. [OF. tramontain, It. tramontano, L. transmontanus; trans across, beyond + mons, montis, mountain.] Lying or being beyond the mountains; coming from the other side of the mountains; hence, foreign; barbarous. &hand; The Italians sometimes use this epithet for ultramontane, and apply it to the countries north of the Alps, as France and Germany, and especially to their ecclesiastics, jurists, painters, etc.; and a north wind is called a tramontane wind. The French lawyers call certain Italian canonists tramontane, or ultramontane, doctors; considering them as favoring too much the court of Rome. See Ultramontane.

Tramontane

Tra*mon"tane, n. One living beyond the mountains; hence, a foreigner; a stranger.

Tramp

Tramp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tramped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tramping.] [OE. trampen; akin to LG. trampen, G. trampeln, LG. & D. trappen, Dan. trampe, Sw. & Icel. trampa, Goth. anatrimpan to press upon; also to D. trap a step, G. treppe steps, stairs. Cf. Trap a kind of rock, Trape, Trip, v. i., Tread.]

1. To tread upon forcibly and repeatedly; to trample.

2. To travel or wander through; as, to tramp the country. [Colloq.]

3. To cleanse, as clothes, by treading upon them in water. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Tramp

Tramp, v. i. To travel; to wander; to stroll.

Tramp

Tramp, n.

1. A foot journey or excursion; as, to go on a tramp; a long tramp. Blackie.

2. A foot traveler; a tramper; often used in a bad sense for a vagrant or wandering vagabond. Halliwell.

3. The sound of the foot, or of feet, on the earth, as in marching. Sir W. Scott.

4. A tool for trimming hedges.

5. A plate of iron worn to protect the sole of the foot, or the shoe, when digging with a spade.

Tramper

Tramp"er (?), n. One who tramps; a stroller; a vagrant or vagabond; a tramp. Dickens.

Trample

Tram"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trampled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trampling (?).] [OE. trampelen, freq. of trampen. See Tramp, v. t.]

1. To tread under foot; to tread down; to prostrate by treading; as, to trample grass or flowers. Dryden.

Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet. Matt. vii. 6.

2. Fig.: To treat with contempt and insult. Cowper.

Trample

Tram"ple, v. i.

1. To tread with force and rapidity; to stamp.

2. To tread in contempt; -- with on or upon.

Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own. Gov. of Tongue.

Trample

Tram"ple, n. The act of treading under foot; also, the sound produced by trampling. Milton.
The huddling trample of a drove of sheep. Lowell.

Trampler

Tram"pler (?), n. One who tramples; one who treads down; as, a trampler on nature's law. Cowper.

Trampoose

Tram*poose" (?), v. i. [See Tramp, Trample, and Traipse.] To walk with labor, or heavily; to tramp. [Law, U. S.] Bartlett.

Tramroad

Tram"road` (?), n. [Tram a coal wagon + road.] A road prepared for easy transit of trams or wagons, by forming the wheel tracks of smooth beams of wood, blocks of stone, or plates of iron.

Tramway

Tram"way` (?), n.

1. Same as Tramroad.

2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.<-- now also for motor-propelled trams. -->

Tranation

Tra*na"tion (?), n. [L. tranare, transnare, to swim over; trans across, over + nare to swim.] The act of swimming over. [Obs.] Bailey.

Trance

Trance (?), n. [F. transe fright, in OF. also, trance or swoon, fr. transir to chill, benumb, to be chilled, to shiver, OF. also, to die, L. transire to pass over, go over, pass away, cease; trans across, over + ire to go; cf. L. transitus a passing over. See Issue, and cf. Transit.]

1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy.

And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance. Acts. x. 10.
My soul was ravished quite as in a trance. Spenser.

3. (Med.) A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether imperceptible.

He fell down in a trance. Chaucer.

Trance

Trance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trancing (?).]

1. To entrance.

And three I left him tranced. Shak.

2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic]

Trance the world over. Beau. & Fl.
When thickest dark did trance the sky. Tennyson.

Trance

Trance (?), v. i. To pass; to travel. [Obs.]

Tranect

Tran"ect (?), n. [Cf. Traject.] A ferry. [Obs.] Shak.

Trangram

Tran"gram (?), n. [OE. trangrain a strange thing, trangame a toy. See Tangram.] Something intricately contrived; a contrived; a puzzle. [Cant & Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Trannel

Tran"nel (?), n. (Naut.) A treenail. [R.] Moxon.

Tranquil

Tran"quil (?), a. [L. tranquillus; probably fr. trans across, over + a word akin to quietus quiet: cf. F. tranquille. See Quiet.] Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated; as, the atmosphere is tranquil; the condition of the country is tranquil.
A style clear, tranquil, easy to follow. De Quincey.

Tranquilization, Tranquillization

Tran`quil*i*za"tion, Tran`quil*li*za"tion (?), n. The act of tranquilizing, or the state of being tranquilized.

Tranquilize, Tranquillize

Tran"quil*ize, Tran"quil*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranquilized (?) or Tranquilliized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tranquilizing (?) or Tranquillizing.] [Cf. F. tranquilliser.] To render tranquil; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind. Syn. -- To quiet; compose; still; soothe; appease; calm; pacify.

Tranquilizer, Tranquillizer

Tran"quil*i`zer, Tran"quil*li`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, tranquilizes.

Tranquilizing, Tranquillizing

Tran"quil*i`zing, Tran"quil*li`zing (?), a. Making tranquil; calming. " The tranquilizing power of time." Wordsworth. -- Tran"quil*i`zing*ly or Tran"quil*li`zing*ly, adv.

Tranquillity

Tran*quil"li*ty (?), n. [F. tranquillit\'82, L. tranquillitas.] The quality or state of being tranquil; calmness; composure.

Tranquilly

Tran"quil*ly (?), adv. In a tranquil manner; calmly.

Tranquilness

Tran"quil*ness, n. Quality or state of being tranquil.

Trans-

Trans- (?). [L. trans across, over.] A prefix, signifying over, beyond, through and through, on the other side, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps; transform, to form through and through, that is, anew, transfigure.

Transact

Trans*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transacting.] [L. transactus, p. p. of transigere. See Transaction.] To carry through; to do; perform; to manage; as, to transact commercial business; to transact business by an agent.

Transact

Trans*act", v. i. To conduct matters; to manage affairs. [R.] South.

Transaction

Trans*ac"tion (?), n. [L. transactio, fr. transigere, transactum, to drive through, carry through, accomplish, transact; trans across, over + agere to drive; cf. F. transaction. See Act, Agent.]

1. The doing or performing of any business; management of any affair; performance.

2. That which is done; an affair; as, the transactions on the exchange.

3. (Civil Law) An adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement.

Transaction of a society, the published record of what it has done or accomplished. Syn. -- Proceeding; action; process. -- Transaction, Proceeding. A transaction is something already done and completed; a proceeding is either something which is now going on, or, if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its progress or successive stages. &hand; " We the word proceeding in application to an affray in the street, and the word transaction to some commercial negotiation that has been carried on between certain persons. The proceeding marks the manner of proceeding, as when we speak of the proceedings in a court of law. The transaction marks the business transacted; as, the transactions on the Exchange." Crabb.

Transactor

Trans*act"or (?), n. [L.] One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Derham.

Transalpine

Trans*al"pine (?), a. [L. transalpinus; trans across, beyond + Alpinus Alpine, from Alpes the Alps: cf. F. transalpin.] Being on the farther side of the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the north or west side of the Alps; of or pertaining to the region or the people beyond the Alps; as, transalpine Gaul; -- opposed to cisalpine. " Transalpine garbs." Beau. & Fl.

Transalpine

Trans*al"pine, n. A native or inhabitant of a country beyond the Alps, that is, out of Italy.

Transanimate

Trans*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transanimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transanimating.] [Trans- + animate.] To animate with a soul conveyed from another body. [R.] Bp. J. King (1608).

Transanimation

Trans*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transanimation.] The conveyance of a soul from one body to another. [R.] Fuller.

Transatlantic

Trans`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref. trans- + Atlantic: cf. F. transatlantique.]

1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean. &hand; When used by a person in Europe or Africa, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former.

2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

Transaudient

Trans*au"di*ent (?), a. [See Trans-, and Audient.] Permitting the passage of sound. [R.] Lowell.

Transcalency

Trans*ca"len*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being transcalent.

Transcalent

Trans*ca"lent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. calens, p. pr. of calere to grow warm.] Pervious to, or permitting the passage of, heat.

Transcend

Tran*scend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcended; p. pr. & vb. n. Transcending.] [L. transcendere, transcensum; trans beyond, over + scandere to climb. See Scan.]

1. To rise above; to surmount; as, lights in the heavens transcending the region of the clouds. Howell.

2. To pass over; to go beyond; to exceed.

Such popes as shall transcend their limits. Bacon.
Page 1528

8. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed.

How much her worth transcended all her kind. Dryden.

Transcend

Tran*scend" (?), v. i.

1. To climb; to mount. [Obs.]

2. To be transcendent; to excel. [R.]

Transcendence, Transcendency

Tran*scend"ence (?), Tran*scend"en*cy (?),[Cf. L. transcendentia, F. transcendance.]

1. The quality or state of being transcendent; superior excellence; supereminence.

The Augustinian theology rests upon the transcendence of Deity at its controlling principle. A. V. G. Allen.

2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration. [Obs.]

"Where transcendencies are more allowed." Bacon.

Transcendent

Tran*scend"ent (?), a. [L. transcendens, -entis, p. pr. of transcendere to transcend: cf. F. transcendant, G. transcendent.]

1. Very excellent; superior or supreme in excellence; surpassing others; as, transcendent worth; transcendent valor.

Clothed with transcendent brightness. Milton.

2. (Kantian Philos.) Transcending, or reaching beyond, the limits of human knowledge; -- applied to affirmations and speculations concerning what lies beyond the reach of the human intellect.

Trancscendent

Tranc*scend"ent, n. That which surpasses or is supereminent; that which is very excellent.

Trancscendental

Tranc`scen*den"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. transcendantal, G. transcendental.]

1. Supereminent; surpassing others; as, transcendental being or qualities.

2. (Philos.) In the Kantian system, of or pertaining to that which can be determined a priori in regard to the fundamental principles of all human knowledge. What is transcendental, therefore, transcends empiricism; but is does not transcend all human knowledge, or become transcendent. It simply signifies the a priori or necessary conditions of experience which, though affording the conditions of experience, transcend the sphere of that contingent knowledge which is acquired by experience.

3. Vaguely and ambitiously extravagant in speculation, imagery, or diction. &hand; In mathematics, a quantity is said to be transcendental relative to another quantity when it is expressed as a transcendental function of the latter; thus, ax, 102x, log x, sin x, tan x, etc., are transcendental relative to x.

Transcendental curve (Math.), a curve in which one ordinate is a transcendental function of the other. -- Transcendental equation (Math.), an equation into which a transcendental function of one of the unknown or variable quantities enters. -- Transcendental function. (Math.) See under Function. Syn. -- Transcendental, Empirical. These terms, with the corresponding nouns, transcendentalism and empiricism, are of comparatively recent origin. Empirical refers to knowledge which is gained by the experience of actual phenomena, without reference to the principles or laws to which they are to be referred, or by which they are to be explained. Transcendental has reference to those beliefs or principles which are not derived from experience, and yet are absolutely necessary to make experience possible or useful. Such, in the better sense of the term, is the transcendental philosophy, or transcendentalism. Each of these words is also used in a bad sense, empiricism applying to that one-sided view of knowledge which neglects or loses sight of the truths or principles referred to above, and trusts to experience alone; transcendentalism, to the opposite extreme, which, in its deprecation of experience, loses sight of the relations which facts and phenomena sustain to principles, and hence to a kind of philosophy, or a use of language, which is vague, obscure, fantastic, or extravagant.

Transcendental

Tran`scen*den"tal, n. A transcendentalist. [Obs.]

Transcendentalism

Tran`scen*den"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. transcendantalisme, G. transcendentalismus.]

1. (Kantian Philos.) The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge. &hand; As Schelling and Hegel claim to have discovered the absolute identity of the objective and subjective in human knowledge, or of things and human conceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between transcendent and transcendental ideas can have no place in their philosophy; and hence, with them, transcendentalism claims to have a true knowledge of all things, material and immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capable of knowing them. And in this sense the word transcendentalism is now most used. It is also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in philosophy.

2. Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or diction.

Transcendentalist

Tran`scen*den"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. transcendantaliste.] One who believes in transcendentalism.

Transcendentality

Tran`scen*den*tal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transcendental.

Transcendentally

Tran`scen*den"tal*ly (?), adv. In a transcendental manner.

Transcendently

Tran*scend"ent*ly (?), adv. In a transcendent manner.

Transcendentness

Tran*scend"ent*ness, n. Same as Transcendence.

Transcension

Tran*scen"sion (?), n. [See Transcend.] The act of transcending, or surpassing; also, passage over. [Obs.] Chapman.

Transcolate

Trans"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcolating.] [Pref. trans- + L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain.] To cause to pass through a sieve or colander; to strain, as through a sieve. [Obs.] Harvey.

Transcolation

Trans`co*la"tion (?), n. Act of transcolating, or state of being transcolated. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Transcontinental

Trans*con`ti*nen"tal (?), a. [Pref. trans- + continental.] Extending or going across a continent; as, a transcontinental railroad or journey.

Transcerporate

Trans*cer"po*rate (?), v. i. [Pref. trans- + corporate.] To transmigrate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Transscribbler

Trans*scrib"bler (?), n. A transcriber; -- used in contempt.
He [Aristotle] has suffered vastly from the transcribblers, as all authors of great brevity necessarily must. Gray.

Transscribe

Trans*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcribing.] [L. transcribere, transcriptum; trans across, over + scribere to write. See Scribe.] To write over again, or in the same words; to copy; as, to transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter.

Transcriber

Tran*scrib"er (?), n. One who transcribes, or writes from a copy; a copier; a copyist.

Transcript

Tran"script (?), n. [L. transcriptum, neut. of transcriptus, p. p. transcribere. See Transcribe.]

1. That which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.

The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript. South.

2. A copy of any kind; an imitation.

The Grecian learning was but a transcript of the Chaldean and Egyptian. Glanvill.
<-- 3. A written version of what was said orally; as, a transcript of a trial. -->

Transcripttion

Tran*script"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transcription, L. transcriptio a transfer.]

1. The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions.

2. A copy; a transcript. Walton.

3. (Mus.) An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or voice than that for which it was originally written, as the translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an arrangement; -- a name applied by modern composes for the piano to a more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Listzt's transcriptions of songs by Schubert.

Transcriptive

Tran*scrip"tive (?), a. Done as from a copy; having the style or appearance of a transcription. [R.] -- Tran*scrip"tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Transcur

Trans*cur" (?), v. i. [L. transcurrere, transcursum; trans across, over + currere to run.] To run or rove to and fro. [Obs.] Bacon.

Transcurrence

Trans*cur"rence (?), n. [L. transcurrens, p. pr. of transcurrere.] A roving hither and thither.

Transcursion

Trans*cur"sion (?), n. [Cf. L. transcursio a passing over. See Transcur.] A rambling or ramble; a passage over bounds; an excursion. [Obs.] Howell.

Transdialect

Trans*di"a*lect (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + dialect.] To change or translate from one dialect into another. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Transduction

Trans*duc"tion (?), n. [L. transducere, traducere, -dictum, to lead across or over. See Traduce.] The act of conveying over. [R.] Entick.

Transe

Transe (?), n. See Trance. [Obs.]

Transelement, Transelementate

Trans*el"e*ment (?), Trans*el`e*men"tate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- element.] To change or transpose the elements of; to transubstantiate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Transelementation

Trans*el`e*men*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. trans\'82l\'82mentation.] (Eccl.) Transubstantiation. [Obs.]

Transenne

Tran"senne (?), n. A transom. [Obs.]

Transept

Tran"sept (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. septum an inclosure. See Septum.] (Arch.) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.

Transexion

Tran*sex"ion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. sexus sex.] Change of sex. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Transfeminate

Trans*fem"i*nate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. femina woman.] To change into a woman, as a man. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne.

Transfer

Trans*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transferring.] [L. transferre; trans across, over + ferre to bear: cf. F. transf\'82rer. See Bear to carry.]

1. To convey from one place or person another; to transport, remove, or cause to pass, to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another; to transfer suspicion.

2. To make over the possession or control of; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to give; as, the title to land is transferred by deed.

3. To remove from one substance or surface to another; as, to transfer drawings or engravings to a lithographic stone. Tomlinson. Syn. -- To sell; give; alienate; estrange; sequester.

Transfer

Trans"fer (?), n.

1. The act of transferring, or the state of being transferred; the removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another.

2. (Law) The conveyance of right, title, or property, either real or personal, from one person to another, whether by sale, by gift, or otherwise.

I shall here only consider it as a transfer of property. Burke.

3. That which is transferred. Specifically: -- (a) A picture, or the like, removed from one body or ground to another, as from wood to canvas, or from one piece of canvas to another. Fairholt. (b) A drawing or writing printed off from one surface on another, as in ceramics and in many decorative arts. (c) (Mil.) A soldier removed from one troop, or body of troops, and placed in another.

4. (Med.) A pathological process by virtue of which a unilateral morbid condition on being abolished on one side of the body makes its appearance in the corresponding region upon the other side.

Transfer day, one of the days fixed by the Bank of England for the transfer, free of charge, of bank stock and government funds. These days are the first five business days in the week before three o'clock. Transfers may be made on Saturdays on payment of a fee of 2s. 6d. Bithell. -- Transfer office, an office or department where transfers of stocks, etc., are made. -- Transfer paper, a prepared paper used by draughtsmen, engravers, lithographers, etc., for transferring impressions. -- Transfer table. (Railroad) Same as Traverse table. See under Traverse.

Transferability

Trans*fer`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transferable.

Transferable

Trans*fer"a*ble (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. transf\'82rable.]

1. Capable of being transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another.

2. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange, or other evidence of property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by indorsement or other writing; capable of being transferred with no loss of value; as, the stocks of most public companies are transferable; some tickets are not transferable.

Transferee

Trans`fer*ee" (?), n. The person to whom a transfer in made.

Transference

Trans"fer*ence (?), n. The act of transferring; conveyance; passage; transfer.

Transferography

Trans`fer*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Transfer + -graphy.] The act or process of copying inscriptions, or the like, by making transfers.

Transferrence

Trans*fer"rence (?), n. See Transference.

Transferrer

Trans*fer"rer (?), n. One who makes a transfer or conveyance.

Transferrible

Trans*fer"ri*ble (?), a. Capable of being transferred; transferable.

Transfigurate

Trans*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. To transfigure; to transform. [R.]

Transfiguratien

Trans*fig`u*ra"tien (?), n. [L. transfiguratio: cf. transfiguration.]

1. A change of form or appearance; especially, the supernatural change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount.

2. (Eccl.) A feast held by some branches of the Christian church on the 6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above mentioned.

Transfigure

Trans*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfigured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfiguring.] [F. transfigurer, L. transfigurare, transfiguratum; trans across, over + figurare to form, shape. See Figure, v. t.]

1. To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to transform.

2. Especially, to change to something exalted and glorious; to give an ideal form to.

[Jesus] was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. Matt. xvii. 2.

Transfix

Trans*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfixing.] [L. transfixus, p. p. of transfigure to transfix; trans across, through + figere to fix, fasten. See Fix.] To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; to impale; as, to transfix one with a dart.

Transfixion

Trans*fix"ion (?), n. The act of transfixing, or the state of being transfixed, or pierced. Bp. Hall.

Transfluent

Trans"flu*ent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + fluent.]

1. Flowing or running across or through; as, a transfluent stream.

2. (Her.) Passing or flowing through a bridge; -- said of water. Wright.

Transflux

Trans"flux (?), n. [Pref. trans- + flux.] A flowing through, across, or beyond. [R.]

Transforate

Trans"fo*rate (?), v. t. [L. transforatus, p. p. of transforare to pierce through; trans through + forare to bore.] To bore through; to perforate. [Obs.]

Transform

Trans*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transformed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transforming.] [L. transformare, transformatum; trans across, over + formare to from: cf. F. transformer. See Form, v. t.]

1. To change the form of; to change in shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as, a caterpillar is ultimately transformed into a butterfly.

Love may transform me to an oyster. Shak.

2. To change into another substance; to transmute; as, the alchemists sought to transform lead into gold.

3. To change in nature, disposition, heart, character, or the like; to convert.

Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. xii. 2.

4. (Math.) To change, as an algebraic expression or geometrical figure, into another from without altering its value.

Transform

Trans*form", v. i. To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed. [R.]
His hair transforms to down. Addison.

Transformable

Trans*form"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transformed or changed.

Transformation

Trans`for*ma"tion (?), n. [L. transformatio: cf. transformation.] The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed; change of form or condition. Specifically: -- (a) (Biol.) Any change in an organism which alters its general character and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo, the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis), etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis. <-- esp. the change from a normal to a cancerous state for a eukaryotic cell --> (b) (Physiol.) Change of one from of material into another, as in assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis. (c) (Alchemy) The imagined possible or actual change of one metal into another; transmutation. (d) (Theol.) A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like; conversion. (e) (Math.) The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another form without altering the value.

Transformative

Trans*form"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. transformatif.] Having power, or a tendency, to transform.

Transformer

Trans*form"er (?), n. One who, or that which, transforms. Specif. (Elec.), an apparatus for producing from a given electrical current another current of different voltage.

Transformism

Trans*form"ism (?), n. [F. transformisme.] (Biol.) The hypothesis, or doctrine, that living beings have originated by the modification of some other previously existing forms of living matter; -- opposed to abiogenesis. Huxley.
Page 1529

Transfreight

Trans*freight" (?), v. i. To transfrete. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

Transfretation

Trans`fre*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transfretatio. See Transfrete.] The act of passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Obs.] Sir J. Davies.

Transfrete

Trans*frete" (?), v. i. [L. transfretare; trans across, over + fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.] To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also transfreight.] [Obs.] E. Hall.

Transfuge, Transfugitive

Trans"fuge (?), Trans*fu"gi*tive (?), n. [L. transfuga; trans across, over + fugere to flee.] One who flees from one side to another; hence, a deserter; a turncoat; an apostate. [R.]

Transfund

Trans*fund" (?), v. t. [L. transfundere; trans over, across + fundere to pour, pour out. See Found to cast, and cf. Transfuse.] To pour from one vessel into another; to transfuse. [Obs.] Barrow.

Transfuse

Trans*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfusing.] [L. transfusus, p. p. of transfundere: cf. F. transfuser. See Transfund.]

1. To pour, as liquid, out of one vessel into another; to transfer by pouring.

2

2 (Med.) To transfer, as blood, from the veins or arteries of one man or animal to those of another. <-- The transfusion may proceded directly between animals, or the blood may be first drawn and stored from the donor, and later infused into the recipient. -->

3. To cause to pass from to another; to cause to be instilled or imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism into a man; to transfuse a love of letters.

Into thee such virtue and grace Immense I have transfused. Milton.

Transfusible

Trans*fu"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being transfused; transferable by transfusion.

Transfusion

Trans*fu"sion (?), n. [L. transfusio: cf. F. transfusion.]

1. The act of transfusing, or pouring, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. Howell.

2. (Med.) The act or operation of transferring the blood of one man or animal into the vascular system of another; also, the introduction of any fluid into the blood vessels, or into a cavity of the body from which it can readily be adsorbed into the vessels; intrafusion; as, the peritoneal transfusion of milk.

Transfusive

Trans*fu"sive (?), a. Tending to transfuse; having power to transfuse.

Transgress

Trans*gress" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transgressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transgressing.] [Cf. F. transgresser. See Transgression.]

1. To pass over or beyond; to surpass. [R.]

Surpassing common faith, transgressing nature's law. Dryden.

2. Hence, to overpass, as any prescribed as the

For man will hearken to his glozing lies, And easily transgress the sole command. Milton.

3. To offend against; to vex. [Obs.]

Why give you peace to this imperate beast That hath so long transgressed you ? Beau. & Fl.

Transgress

Trans*gress", v. i. To offend against the law; to sin.
Who transgressed in the thing accursed. I Chron. ii. 7.

Transgression

Trans*gres"sion (?), n. [L. transgressio a going across, going over, transgression of the law, from transgredi, transgressus, to step across, go over; trans over, across + gradi to step, walk: cf. F. transgression. See Grade.] The act of transgressing, or of passing over or beyond any law, civil or moral; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command; fault; offense; crime; sin.
Forgive thy people . . . all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee. I Kings viii. 50.
What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass On his transgression, death denounced that day ? Milton.
The transgression is in the stealer. Shak.
Syn. -- Fault; offense; crime; infringement; misdemeanor; misdeed; affront; sin.

Transgressional

Trans*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of pertaining to transgression; involving a transgression.

Transgressive

Trans*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. L. transgressivus passing over into another class. F. transgressif.] Disposed or tending to transgress; faulty; culpable. -

Transgressively

Trans*gress"ive*ly, adv.
Adam, perhaps, . . . from the transgressive infirmities of himself, might have erred alone. Sir T. Browne.

Transgressor

Trans*gress"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. transgresseur.] One who transgresses; one who breaks a law, or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner.
The way of transgressors is hard. Prov. xiii. 15.

Transhape

Tran*shape" (?), v. t. To transshape. [R.] J. Webster (1623).

Tranship

Tran*ship" (?), v. t. Same as Transship.

Transhipment

Tran*ship"ment (?), n. Same as Transshipment.

Transhuman

Trans*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. trans- + human.] More than human; superhuman. [R.]
Words may not tell of that transhuman change. H. F. Cary.

Transhumanize

Trans*hu"man*ize (?), v. t. To make more than human; to purity; to elevate above humanity. [R.]
Souls purified by sorrow and self-denial, transhumanized to the divine abstraction of pure contemplation. Lowell.

Transience, Transiency

Tran"sience (?), Tran"sien*cy (?), n. The quality of being transient; transientness.

Transient

Tran"sient (?), a. [L. transiens, -entis, p. pr. of transire, transitum, to go or pass over. See Trance.]

1. Passing before the sight or perception, or, as it were, moving over or across a space or scene viewed, and then disappearing; hence, of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; not stationary; passing; fleeting; brief; transitory; as, transient pleasure. "Measured this transient world." Milton.

2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect; brief; as, a transient view of a landscape.

3. Staying for a short time; not regular or permanent; as, a transient guest; transient boarders. [Colloq. U.S.] Syn. -- Transient, Transitory, Fleeting. Transient represents a thing as brief at the best; transitory, as liable at any moment to pass away. Fleeting goes further, and represents it as in the act of taking its flight. Life is transient; its joys are transitory; its hours are fleeting.

What is loose love? A transient gust. Pope
If [we love] transitory things, which soon decay, Age must be loveliest at the latest day. Donne.
O fleeting joys Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes. Milton.
-- Tran"sient*ly (#), adv. -- Tran"sient*ness, n.

Transient

Tran"sient, n. That which remains but for a brief time. Glanvill.

Transilience, Transiliency

Tran*sil"i*ence (?), Tran*sil"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. transiliens, p. pr. of transilire to leap across or over; trans across, over + salire to leap.] A leap across or from one thing to another. [R.] "An unadvised transiliency." Glanvill.

Transire

Trans*i"re (?), n. [L. transire to pass through or across, to pass.] (End. Law) A customhouse clearance for a coasting vessel; a permit.

Transit

Trans"it (?), n. [L. transitus, from transire to go over: cf. F. transit. See Transient.]

1. The act of passing; passage through or over.

In France you are now . . . in the transit from one form of government to another. Burke.

2. The act or process of causing to pass; conveyance; as, the transit of goods through a country.

3. A line or route of passage or conveyance; as, the Nicaragua transit. E. G. Squier.

4. (Astron.) (a) The passage of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place, or through the field of a telescope. (b) The passage of a smaller body across the disk of a larger, as of Venus across the sun's disk, or of a satellite or its shadow across the disk of its primary.

5. An instrument resembling a theodolite, used by surveyors and engineers; -- called also transit compass, and surveyor's transit. &hand; The surveyor's transit differs from the theodolite in having the horizontal axis attached directly to the telescope which is not mounted in Y's and can be turned completely over about the axis.

Lower transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is below the polar axis. -- Surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit circle (Astron.), a transit instrument with a graduated circle attached, used for observing the time of transit and the declination at one observation. See Circle, n., 3. -- Transit compass. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit duty, a duty paid on goods that pass through a country. -- Transit instrument. (Astron.) (a) A telescope mounted at right angles to a horizontal axis, on which it revolves with its line of collimation in the plane of the meridian, -- used in connection with a clock for observing the time of transit of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place. (b) (Surv.) A surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit trade (Com.), the business conected with the passage of goods through a country to their destination. -- Upper transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is above the polar axis.

Transit

Trans"it, v. t. (Astron.) To pass over the disk of (a heavenly body).

Transition

Tran*si"tion (?), n. [L. transitio: cf. F. transition. See Transient.]

1. Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold.

There is no death, what seems so is transition. Longfellow.

2. (Mus.) A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation.

3. (Rhet.) A passing from one subject to another.

[He] with transition sweet, new speech resumes. Milton.

4. (Biol.) Change from one form to another. &hand; This word is sometimes pronounced tran*sish"un; but according to Walker, Smart, and most other authorities, the customary and preferable pronunciation is tran*sizh"un, although this latter mode violates analogy. Other authorities say tran*zish"un.

Transition rocks (Geol.), a term formerly applied to the lowest uncrystalline stratified rocks (graywacke) supposed to contain no fossils, and so called because thought to have been formed when the earth was passing from an uninhabitable to a habitable state.

Transitional

Tran*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.

Transitionary

Tran*si"tion*a*ry (?), a. Transitional.

Transitive

Tran"si*tive (?), a. [L. transitivus: cf. F. transitif. See Transient.]

1. Having the power of making a transit, or passage. [R.] Bacon.

2. Effected by transference of signification.

By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy. Stewart.

3. (Gram.) Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the book. -- Tran"si*tive*ly, adv. -- Tran"si*tive*ness, n.

Transitorily

Tran"si*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a transitory manner; with brief continuance.

Transitoriness

Tran"si*to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being transitory; speedy passage or departure.

Transitory

Tran"si*to*ry (?), a. [L. transitorius: cf. F. transitoire. See Transient.] Continuing only for a short time; not enduring; fleeting; evanescent.
Comfort and succor all those who, in this transitory life, are in trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
It was not the transitory light of a comet, which shines and glows for a wile, and then . . . vanishes into nothing. South.
Transitory action (Law), an action which may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, and the like; -- opposed to local action. Blackstone. Bouvier. Syn. -- transient; short-lived; brief. See Transient.

Translatable

Trans*lat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being translated, or rendered into another language.

Translate

Trans*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Translated; p. pr. & vb. n. Translating.] [f. translatus, used as p. p. of transferre to transfer, but from a different root. See Trans-, and Tolerate, and cf. Translation.]

1. To bear, carry, or remove, from one place to another; to transfer; as, to translate a tree. [Archaic] Dryden.

In the chapel of St. Catharine of Sienna, they show her head- the rest of her body being translated to Rome. Evelyn.

2. To change to another condition, position, place, or office; to transfer; hence, to remove as by death.

3. To remove to heaven without a natural death.

By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translatedhim. Heb. xi. 5.

4. (Eccl.) To remove, as a bishop, from one see to another. "Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him from that poor bishopric to a better, . . . refused." Camden.

5. To render into another language; to express the sense of in the words of another language; to interpret; hence, to explain or recapitulate in other words.

Translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language, what he found in books well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for boys and girls. Macaulay.

6. To change into another form; to transform.

Happy is your grace, That can translatethe stubbornness of fortune Into so quiet and so sweet a style. Shak.

7. (Med.) To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to translate a disease.

8. To cause to lose senses or recollection; to entrance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

Translate

Trans*late, v. i. To make a translation; to be engaged in translation.

Translation

Trans*la"tion (?), n. [F. translation, L. translatio a transferring, translation, version. See Translate, and cf. Tralation.]

1. The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of Enoch; the translation of a bishop.

2. The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as, the translation of idioms is difficult.

3. That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a translation of the Scriptures.

4. (Rhet.) A transfer of meaning in a word or phrase, a metaphor; a tralation. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

5. (Metaph.) Transfer of meaning by association; association of ideas. A. Tucker.

6. (Kinematics) Motion in which all the points of the moving body have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion; -- opposed to rotation.

Translatitious

Trans`la*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tralatitious.] Metaphorical; tralatitious; also, foreign; exotic. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Translative

Trans*lat"ive (?), a. [L. translativus that is to be transferred: cf. F. translatif.] tropical; figurative; as, a translative sense. [R.] Puttenham.

Translator

Trans*lat"or (?), n. [L. translator: cf. F. translateur.]

1. One who translates; esp., one who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another.

2. (Teleg.) A repeating instrument. [Eng.]

Translatorship

Trans*lat"or*ship, n. The office or dignity of a translator.

Translatory

Trans*lat"o*ry (?), a. Serving to translate; transferring. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Translatress

Trans*lat"ress (?), n. A woman who translates.

Translavation

Trans`la*va"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. lavatio, -onis, washing.] A laving or lading from one vessel to another. [Obs.] Holland.

Transliterate

Trans*lit"er*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. litera, littera letter.] To express or represent in the characters of another alphabet; as, to transliterate Sanskrit words by means of English letters. A. J. Ellis.

Transliteration

Trans*lit`er*a"tion (?), n. The act or product of transliterating, or of expressing words of a language by means of the characters of another alphabet.

Translocation

Trans`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + location.] removal of things from one place to another; substitution of one thing for another.
There happened certain translocations at the deluge. Woodward.

Translucence, Translucency

Trans*lu"cence (?), Trans*lu"cen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being translucent; clearness; partial transparency. Sir T. Browne.
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Translucent

Trans*lu"cent (?), a. [L. translucens, -entis, p. pr. of translucere to shine through; trans across, through = lucere to shine. See Lucid.]

1. Transmitting rays of light without permitting objects to be distinctly seen; partially transparent.

2. Transparent; clear. [Poetic] "Fountain or fresh current . . . translucent, pure." Milton.

Replenished from the cool, translucent springs. Pope.
Syn. -- Translucent, Transparent. A thing is translucent when it merely admits the passage of light, without enabling us to distinguish the color and outline of objects through it; it is transparent when we can clearly discern objects placed on the other side of it. Glass, water, etc., are transparent; ground glass is translucent; a translucent style.

Translucently

Trans*lu"cent*ly, adv. In a translucent manner.

Translucid

Trans*lu"cid (?), a. [L. translucidus; trans across, through + lucidus lucid: cf. F. translucide. See Translucent.] Translucent. [R.] Bacon.

Translunary

Trans"lu*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. luna moon.] Being or lying beyond the moon; hence, ethereal; -- opposed to sublunary. [Obs.]
Marlowe, bathed in the Thespian springs, Had in him those brave, translunary things That the first poets had. Drayton.

Transmarine

Trans`ma*rine" (?), a. [L. transmarinus; trans beyond + marinus marine: cf. F. transmarin. See Marine.] Lying or being beyond the sea. Howell.

Transmeable, Transmeatable

Trans"me*a*ble (?), Trans`me*at"a*ble (?), a. [L. transmeabilis.] Capable of being passed over or traversed; passable. [Obs.]

Transmeate

Trans"me*ate (?), v. t. [L. transmeatus, p. p. of transmeare to pass across; trans across, over + meare to go.] To pass over or beyond. [Obs.]

Transmeation

Trans`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of transmeating; a passing through or beyond. [Obs.]

Transmew

Trans*mew" (?), v. t. & i. [F. transmuer, L. transmutare. See Transmute.] To transmute; to transform; to metamorphose. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser.
To transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester. Sir W. Scott.

Transmigrant

Trans"mi*grant (?), a. [L. transmigrans, p. pr. See Transmigrate.] Migrating or passing from one place or state to another; passing from one residence to another. -- n. One who transmigrates.

Transmigrate

Trans"mi*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transmigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transmigrating.] [L. transmigrare, transmigratum; trans across + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.]

1. To pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the purpose of residence, as men or families; to migrate.

2. To pass from one body or condition into another.

Their may transmigrate into each other. Howell.

Transmigration

Trans`mi*gra"tion (?), n. [F. transmigration, L. transmigratio.]

1. The act of passing from one country to another; migration.

2. The passing of the soul at death into another mortal body; metempsychosis.

Transmigrator

Trans"mi*gra`tor (?), n. One who transmigrates. J. Ellis.

Transmigratory

Trans*mi"gra*to*ry (?), a. Passing from one body or state to another.

Transmissibility

Trans*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmissibilit\'82.] The quality of being transmissible.

Transmissible

Trans*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmissible.] Capable of being transmitted from one to another; capable of being passed through any body or substance.

Transmission

Trans*mis"sion (?), n. [L. transmissio; cf. F. transmission. See Transmit.]

1. The act of transmitting, or the state of being transmitted; as, the transmission of letters, writings, papers, news, and the like, from one country to another; the transmission of rights, titles, or privileges, from father to son, or from one generation to another.

2. (Law) The right possessed by an heir or legatee of transmitting to his successor or successors any inheritance, legacy, right, or privilege, to which he is entitled, even if he should die without enjoying or exercising it.

Transmissive

Trans*mis"sive (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; derived, or handed down, from one to another.
Itself a sun, it with transmissive light Enlivens worlds denied to human sight. Prior.

Transmit

Trans*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmitting.] [L. transmittere, transmissum; trans across, over + mittere to send: cf. F. transmettre. See Missile.]

1. To cause to pass over or through; to communicate by sending; to send from one person or place to another; to pass on or down as by inheritance; as, to transmit a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to transmit money, or bills of exchange, from one country to another.

The ancientest fathers must be next removed, as Clement of Alexandria, and that Eusebian book of evangelic preparation, transmitting our ears through a hoard of heathenish obscenities to receive the gospel. Milton.
The scepter of that kingdom continued to be transmitted in the dynasty of Castile. Prescott.

2. To suffer to pass through; as, glass transmits light; metals transmit, or conduct, electricity.

Transmittal

Trans*mit"tal (?), n. Transmission. Swift.

Transmittance

Trans*mit"tance (?), n. Transmission.

Transmitter

Trans*mit"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, transmits; specifically, that portion of a telegraphic or telephonic instrument by means of which a message is sent; -- opposed to receiver.

Transmittible

Trans*mit"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; transmissible.

Transmogrification

Trans*mog`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of transmogrifying, or the state of being transmogrified; transformation. [Colloq.]
Clive, who wrote me about the transmogrification of our schoolfellow, an attorney's son. Thackeray.

Transmogrify

Trans*mog"ri*fy (?), v. t. [A humorous coinage.] To change into a different shape; to transform. [Colloq.] Fielding.

Transmove

Trans*move" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans + move.] To move or change from one state into another; to transform. [Obs.] Spenser.

Transmutability

Trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmutabilit\'82.] The quality of being transmutable.

Transmutable

Trans*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmutable. See Transmute.] Capable of being transmuted or changed into a different substance, or into into something of a different form a nature; transformable.
The fluids and solids of an animal body are easily transmutable into one another. Arbuthnot.
-- Trans*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trans*mut"a*bly, adv.

Transmutation

Trans`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [F. transmutation, L. transmutatio. See Transmute.]

1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted; as, the transmutation of metals.

2. (Geom.) The change or reduction of one figure or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a different form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.]

3. (Biol.) The change of one species into another, which is assumed to take place in any development theory of life; transformism. Bacon.

Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone, under Philosopher.

Transmutationist

Trans`mu*ta"tion*ist, n. One who believes in the transmutation of metals or of species.

Transmute

Trans*mute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmuting.] [L. transmutare, transmutatum; trans across + mutare to change. See Mutable, and cf. Transmew.] To change from one nature, form, or substance, into another; to transform.
The caresses of parents and the blandishments of friends transmute us into idols. Buckminster.
Transmuting sorrow into golden joy Free from alloy. H. Smith.

Transmuter

Trans*mut"er (?), n. One who transmutes.

Transmutual

Trans*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a. [Pref. trans + mutual.] Reciprocal; commutual. [R.] Coleridge.

Transnatation

Trans`na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transnatare to swim over; trans across, over + natare to swim.] The act of swimming across, as a river.

Transnature

Trans*na"ture (?; 135), v. t. [Pref. trans- + nature.] To transfer or transform the nature of. [Obs.]
We are transelemented, or transnatured. Jewel.

Transom

Tran"som (?), n. [Probably fr. L. transtrum a crossbeam, transom, from trans across. Cf. Trestle.]

1. (Arch.) A horizontal crossbar in a window, over a door, or between a door and a window above it. Transom is the horizontal, as mullion is the vertical, bar across an opening. See Illust. of Mullion.

2. (Naut.) One of the principal transverse timbers of the stern, bolted to the sternpost and giving shape to the stern structure; -- called also transsummer.

3. (Gun.) The piece of wood or iron connecting the cheeks of some gun carriages.

4. (Surg.) The vane of a cross-staff. Chambers.

5. (Railroad) One of the crossbeams connecting the side frames of a truck with each other.

Transom knees (Shipbuilding), knees bolted to the transoms and after timbers. -- Transom window. (Arch.) (a) A window divided horizontally by a transom or transoms. (b) A window over a door, with a transom between.

Transpadane

Trans"pa*dane` (?), a. [L. transpadanus; trans across + Padus the Po.] Lying or being on the further side of the river Po with reference to Rome, that is, on the north side; -- opposed to cispadane.

Transpalatine

Trans*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. trans- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated beyond or outside the palatine bone; -- said of a bone in the skull of some reptiles.

Transpare

Trans*pare" (?), v. t. & i. [See Transparent.] To be, or cause to be, transparent; to appear, or cause to appear, or be seen, through something. [Obs.] Stirling.

Transparence

Trans*par"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. transparence.] The quality or state of being transparent; transparency.

Transparency

Trans*par"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Transparencies (#). [Cf. F. transparence.]

1. The quality or condition of being transparent; transparence.

2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the like, to be viewed by natural or artificial light, which shines through it. Fairholt.

Transparent

Trans*par"ent (?), a. [F., from LL. transparens, -entis, p. pr. of transparere to be transparent; L. trans across, through + parere to appear. See Appear.]

1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light, so that bodies can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid; as, transparent glass; a transparent diamond; -- opposed to opaque. "Transparent elemental air." Milton.

2. Admitting the passage of light; open; porous; as, a transparent veil. Dryden. Syn. -- Translucent; pellucid; clear; bright; limpid; lucid; diaphanous. See Translucent. -- Trans*par"ent*ly, adv. -- Trans*par"ent*ness, n.

Transpass

Trans*pass" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + pass: cf. LL. transpassare. Cf. Trespass.] To pass over; as, Alexander transpassed the river. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

Transpass

Trans*pass", v. i. To pass by; to pass away. [Obs.]

Transpassable

Trans*pass"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transpassed, or crossed over. [Obs.]

Transpatronize

Trans*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [Trans- + patronize.] To transfer the patronage of. [Obs.] Warner.

Transpeciate

Tran*spe"ci*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. species form.] To change from one species to another; to transform. [Obs.]
Power to transpeciate a man into a horse. Sir T. Browne.

Transpicuous

Tran*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. transpicere to see or look through + specere, spicere, to see. Cf. Conspicuous.] Transparent; pervious to the sight. [R.] "The wide, transpicuous air." Milton.

Transpierce

Trans*pierce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transpierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiercing (?).] [Pref. trans- + pierce: cf. F. transpercer.] To pierce through; to penetrate; to permeate; to pass through.
The sides transpierced return a rattling sound. Dryden.

Transpirable

Tran*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transpirable.] Capable of being transpired, or of transpiring.

Transpiration

Tran`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F. transpiration.]

1. (Physiol.) The act or process of transpiring or excreting in the form of vapor; exhalation, as through the skin or other membranes of the body; as, pulmonary transpiration, or the excretion of aqueous vapor from the lungs. Perspiration is a form of transpiration. Cudworth.

2. (bot.) The evaporation of water, or exhalation of aqueous vapor, from cells and masses of tissue.

3. (Physics) The passing of gases through fine tubes, porous substances, or the like; as, transpiration through membranes.

Transpiratory

Tran*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of or relating to transpiration.

Transpire

Tran*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transpired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiring.] [F. transpirer; L. trans across, through + spirare to breathe. See Spirit.]

1. (Physiol.) To pass off in the form of vapor or insensible perspiration; to exhale.

2. (Bot.) To evaporate from living cells.

3. To escape from secrecy; to become public; as, the proceedings of the council soon transpired.

The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had transpired through many of the travelers. De Quincey.

4. To happen or come to pass; to occur. &hand; This sense of the word, which is of comparatively recent introduction, is common in the United States, especially in the language of conversation and of newspaper writers, and is used to some extent in England. Its use, however, is censured by critics of both countries. <-- still common in 1995 -->

Transpire

Tran*spire", v. t.

1. (Physiol.) To excrete through the skin; to give off in the form of vapor; to exhale; to perspire.

2. (Bot.) To evaporate (moisture) from living cells.

Transplace

Trans*place" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transplacing (?).] [Pref. trans- + place.] To remove across some space; to put in an opposite or another place. [R.]
It [an obelisk] was transplaced . . . from the left side of the Vatican into a more eminent place. Bp. Wilkins.

Transplant

Trans*plant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transplanting.] [F. transplanter, L. transplantare; trans across, over + plantare to plant. See Plant.]

1. To remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees. Dryden.

2. To remove, and settle or establish for residence in another place; as, to transplant inhabitants.

Being transplanted out of his cold, barren diocese of St. David into a warmer climate. Clarendon.

Transplantation

Trans`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transplantation.]

1. The act of transplanting, or the state of being transplanted; also, removal.

The transplantation of Ulysses to Sparta. Broome.

2. (Surg.) The removal of tissues from a healthy part, and the insertion of them in another place where there is a lesion; as, the transplantation of tissues in autoplasty. <--

3. (Surg.) The removal of a bodily organ or of tissues from one person, and the insertion of them into another person to replace a damaged organ or tissue; as, the transplantation of a heart, kidney, or liver. -->

Transplanter

Trans*plant"er (?), n. One who transplants; also, a machine for transplanting trees.

Transplendency

Tran*splen"den*cy (?), n. Quality or state of being transplendent. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Transplendent

Tran*splen"dent (?), a. [Trans- + splendent.] Resplendent in the highest degree. [R.] -- Tran*splen"dent*ly, adv. [R.]

Transport

Trans*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transported; p. pr. & vb. n. Transporting.] [F. transporter, L. transportare; trans across + portare to carry. See Port bearing, demeanor.]

1. To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey; as, to transport goods; to transport troops. Hakluyt.

2. To carry, or cause to be carried, into banishment, as a criminal; to banish.

3. To carry away with vehement emotion, as joy, sorrow, complacency, anger, etc.; to ravish with pleasure or ecstasy; as, music transports the soul.

[They] laugh as if transported with some fit Of passion. Milton.
We shall then be transported with a nobler . . . wonder. South.

Transport

Trans"port (?), n. [F. See Transport, v.]

1. Transportation; carriage; conveyance.

The Romans . . . stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them with ships for transport and war. Arbuthnot.

2. A vessel employed for transporting, especially for carrying soldiers, warlike stores, or provisions, from one place to another, or to convey convicts to their destination; -- called also transport ship, transport vessel.

3. Vehement emotion; passion; ecstasy; rapture.

With transport views the airy rule his own, And swells on an imaginary throne. Pope.
Say not, in transports of despair, That all your hopes are fled. Doddridge.

4. A convict transported, or sentenced to exile.

Transportability

Trans*port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transportable.

Transportable

Trans*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transportable.]

1. Capable of being transported.

2. Incurring, or subject to, the punishment of transportation; as, a transportable offense.

Transportal

Trans*port"al (?), n. Transportation; the act of removing from one locality to another. "The transportal of seeds in the wool or fur of quadrupeds." Darwin.

Transportance

Trans*port"ance (?), n. Transportation. [Obs.] "Give me swift transportance." Shak.
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Transportant

Trans*port"ant (?), a. Transporting; as, transportant love. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Transportation

Trans`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transportatio: cf. F. transportation.]

1. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; carriage from one place to another; removal; conveyance.

To provide a vessel for their transportation. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Transport; ecstasy. [R.] South.

Transported

Trans*port"ed (?), a. Conveyed from one place to another; figuratively, carried away with passion or pleasure; entranced. -- Trans*port"ed*ly, adv. -- Trans*port"ed*ness, n.

Transporter

Trans*port"er (?), n. One who transports.

Transporting

Trans*port"ing, a. That transports; fig., ravishing.
Your transporting chords ring out. Keble.

Transportingly

Trans*port"ing*ly, adv. So as to transport.

Transportment

Trans*port"ment (?), n. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; transportation. [R.]

Transposable

Trans*pos"a*ble (?), a. That may transposed; as, a transposable phrase.

Transposal

Trans*pos"al (?), n. The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed; transposition.

Transpose

Trans*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transposing.] [F. transposer; pref. trans- (L. trans across) + poser to put. See Pose.]

1. To change the place or order of; to substitute one for the other of; to exchange, in respect of position; as, to transpose letters, words, or propositions.

2. To change; to transform; to invert. [R.]

Things base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transpose to form and dignity. Shak.

3. (Alg.) To bring, as any term of an equation, from one side over to the other, without destroying the equation; thus, if a + b = c, and we make a = c - b, then b is said to be transposed.

4. (Gram.) To change the natural order of, as words.

5. (Mus.) To change the key of.

Transposer

Trans*pos"er (?), n. One who transposes.

Transposition

Trans`po*si"tion (?), n. [F. transposition, from L. transponere, transpositum, to set over, remove, transfer; trans across, over + ponere to place. See Position.] The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed. Specifically: -- (a) (Alg.) The bringing of any term of an equation from one side over to the other without destroying the equation. (b) (Gram.) A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English. (c) (Mus.) A change of a composition into another key.

Transpositional

Trans`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transposition; involving transposition. Pegge.

Transpositive

Trans*pos"i*tive (?), a. Made by transposing; consisting in transposition; transposable.

Transprint

Trans*print" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + print.] To transfer to the wrong place in printing; to print out of place. [R.] Coleridge.

Transprose

Trans*prose" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + prose.] To change from prose into verse; to versify; also, to change from verse into prose. [Obs.] Dryden.

Transregionate

Trans*re"gion*ate (?), a. [Pref. trans- + region.] Foreign. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Transshape

Trans*shape" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transshaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transshaping.] [Pref.trans- + shape.] To change into another shape or form; to transform. [Written also transhape.] Shak.

Transship

Trans*ship" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + ship.] To transfer from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also tranship.]

Transshipment

Trans*ship"ment (?), n. The act of transshipping, or transferring, as goods, from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also transhipment.]

Transubstantiate

Tran`sub*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t. [LL. transubstantiatus, p. p. of transubstantiare to transubstantiate; L. trans across, over + substantia substance. See Substance.]

1. To change into another substance. [R.]

The spider love which transubstantiates all, And can convert manna to gall. Donne.

2. (R. C. Theol.) To change, as the sacramental elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ.

Transubstantiation

Tran`sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?), n. [LL. transubstantiatio: cf. F. transsubstantiation.]

1. A change into another substance.

2. (R. C. Theol.) The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; -- distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation.

Transubstantiator

Tran`sub*stan"ti*a`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. transsubstantiateur.] One who maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow.

Transudation

Tran`su*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transsudation.]

1. The act or process of transuding.

2. (Physics) Same as Exosmose.

Transudatory

Tran*su"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to transudation; passing by transudation.

Transude

Tran*sude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Transuding.] [Pref. trans- + L. sudare to sweat: cf. F. transsuder.] To pass, as perspirable matter does, through the pores or interstices of textures; as, liquor may transude through leather or wood.

Transume

Tran*sume" (?), v. t. [L. transumere, transsumere, to take from one to another; trans across + sumere to take.] To change; to convert. [R.] Crashaw.

Transsummer

Trans"sum`mer (?), n. (Naut.) See Transom, 2.

Transumpt

Tran*sumpt" (?), n. [L. transumere, transumptum, to take from one to another, in LL., to transcribe. See Transume.] A copy or exemplification of a record. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

Transumption

Tran*sump"tion (?), n. [L. transumptio.] Act of taking from one place to another. [R.] South.

Transumptive

Tran*sump"tive (?), a. [L. transumptivus.] Taking from one to another; metaphorical. [R.] "A transumptive kind of speech." Drayton.
Fictive, descriptive, digressive, transumptive, and withal definitive. Lowell.

Transvasate

Trans*va"sate (?), v. t. [See Transvasation.] To pour out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Transvasation

Trans`va*sa"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. vas, vasis, vessel.] The act or process of pouring out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Holland.

Transvection

Trans*vec"tion (?), n. [L. transvectio, from transvehere to carry across; trans across + vehere to carry.] The act of conveying or carrying over. [R.]

Transverberate

Trans*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t. [L. transverberatus, p. p. of transverberare to strike or pierce through.] To beat or strike through. [Obs.]

Transversal

Trans*ver"sal (?), a. [Cf. F. transversal. See Transverse.] Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line. -- Trans*ver"sal*ly, adv.

Transversal

Trans*ver"sal, n. [Cf. F. transversale.] (Geom.) A straight line which traverses or intersects any system of other lines, as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle or the sides produced.

Transverse

Trans*verse" (?), a. [L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn on direct across; trans across + vertere to turn: cf. F. transverse. See Verse, and cf. Traverse.] Lying or being across, or in a crosswise direction; athwart; -- often opposed to longitudinal. Transverse axis (of an ellipse or hyperbola) (Geom.), that axis which passes through the foci. -- Transverse partition (Bot.), a partition, as of a pericarp, at right angles with the valves, as in the siliques of mustard.

Transverse

Trans"verse (?), n.

1. Anything that is transverse or athwart.

2. (Geom.) The longer, or transverse, axis of an ellipse.

Transverse

Trans*verse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transversing.] To overturn; to change. [R.] C. Leslie.

Transverse

Trans*verse", v. t. [Pref. trans- + verse, n. Cf.Transpose.] To change from prose into verse, or from verse into prose. [Obs.] Duke of Buckingham.

Transversely

Trans*verse"ly, adv. In a transverse manner.

Transversion

Trans*ver"sion (?), n. The act of changing from prose into verse, or from verse into prose.

Transvert

Trans*vert" (?), v. t. [L. transvertere. See Transverse, a.] To cause to turn across; to transverse. [Obs.] Craft of Lovers (1448).

Transvertible

Trans*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being transverted. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Transvolation

Trans`vo*la"tion (?), n. [L. transvolare to fly over or across; trans across + volare to fly.] The act of flying beyond or across. Jer. Taylor.

Trant

Trant (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. tranten to walk slowly, LG. & D. trant walk, pace.] To traffic in an itinerary manner; to peddle. [Written also traunt.] [Obs.]

Tranter

Trant"er (?), n. One who trants; a peddler; a carrier. [Written also traunter.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Trap

Trap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapping.] [Akin to OE. trappe trappings, and perhaps from an Old French word of the same origin as E. drab a kind of cloth.] To dress with ornaments; to adorn; -- said especially of horses.
Steeds . . . that trapped were in steel all glittering. Chaucer.
To deck his hearse, and trap his tomb-black steed. Spenser.
There she found her palfrey trapped In purple blazoned with armorial gold. Tennyson.

Trap

Trap, n. [Sw. trapp; akin to trappa stairs, Dan. trappe, G. treppe, D. trap; -- so called because the rocks of this class often occur in large, tabular masses, rising above one another, like steps. See Tramp.] (Geol.) An old term rather loosely used to designate various dark-colored, heavy igneous rocks, including especially the feldspathic-augitic rocks, basalt, dolerite, amygdaloid, etc., but including also some kinds of diorite. Called also trap rock. Trap tufa, Trap tuff, a kind of fragmental rock made up of fragments and earthy materials from trap rocks.

Trap

Trap, a. Of or pertaining to trap rock; as, a trap dike.

Trap

Trap, n. [OE. trappe, AS. treppe; akin to OD.trappe, OHG. trapo; probably fr. the root of E. tramp, as that which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which perhaps influenced the English word.]

1. A machine or contrivance that shuts suddenly, as with a spring, used for taking game or other animals; as, a trap for foxes.

She would weep if that she saw a mouse Caught in a trap. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: A snare; an ambush; a stratagem; any device by which one may be caught unawares.

Let their table be made a snare and a trap. Rom. xi. 9.
God and your majesty Protect mine innocence, or I fall into The trap is laid for me! Shak.

3. A wooden instrument shaped somewhat like a shoe, used in the game of trapball. It consists of a pivoted arm on one end of which is placed the ball to be thrown into the air by striking the other end. Also, a machine for throwing into the air glass balls, clay pigeons, etc., to be shot at.

4. The game of trapball.

5. A bend, sag, or partitioned chamber, in a drain, soil pipe, sewer, etc., arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents passage of air or gas, but permits the flow of liquids.

6. A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for want of an outlet.

7. A wagon, or other vehicle. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

8. A kind of movable stepladder. Knight.

Trap stairs, a staircase leading to a trapdoor. -- Trap tree (Bot.) the jack; -- so called because it furnishes a kind of birdlime. See 1st Jack.

Trap

Trap (?), v. t. [AS. treppan. See Trap a snare.]

1. To catch in a trap or traps; as, to trap foxes.

2. Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap. "I trapped the foe." Dryden.

3. To provide with a trap; to trap a drain; to trap a sewer pipe. See 4th Trap, 5.

Trap

Trap, v. i. To set traps for game; to make a business of trapping game; as, to trap for beaver.

Trapan

Tra*pan" (?), n. [OF. trappan. See Trap, and cf. Trepan a snare.] A snare; a stratagem; a trepan. See 3d Trepan. South.

Trapan

Tra*pan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapanning.] To insnare; to catch by stratagem; to entrap; to trepan.
Having some of his people trapanned at Baldivia. Anson.

Trapanner

Tra*pan"ner (?), n. One who trapans, or insnares.

Trapball

Trap"ball` (?), n. An old game of ball played with a trap. See 4th Trap, 4.

Trapdoor

Trap"door` (?), n.

1. (Arch.) A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor.

2. (Mining) A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; -- called also weather door. Raymond.

Trapdoor spider (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor. Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California species (C. Californica).

Trape

Trape (?), v. i. [See Tramp, and cf. Traipse.] To walk or run about in an idle or slatternly manner; to traipse. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Trapes

Trapes (?), n. [See Trape.] A slattern; an idle, sluttish, or untidy woman. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Trapes

Trapes, v. i. To go about in an idle or slatternly fashion; to trape; to traipse. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Trapezate

Trap"e*zate (?), a. [See Trapezium.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapeziform.

Trapeze

Tra*peze" (?), n. [Cf. F. trap\'8aze.]

1. (Geom.) A trapezium. See Trapezium, 1.

2. A swinging horizontal bar, suspended at each end by a rope; -- used by gymnasts.

Trapeziform

Tra*pe"zi*form (?), a. [Trapezium + -form: cf. F. trap\'82ziforme.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapezoid.

Trapezium

Tra*pe"zi*um (?), n.; pl. E. Trapeziums (#), L. Trapezia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + Foot.]

1. (Geom.) A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are parallel.

2. (Anat.) (a) A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or thumb. (b) A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension of its transverse fibers.

Trapezohedral

Trap`e*zo*he"dral (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trapezohedron.

Trapezohedron

Trap`e*zo*he"dron (?), n. [NL., from trapezium + Gr. (Crystalloq.) (a) A solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapeziums; a tetragonal trisoctahedron. See the Note under Trisoctahedron. (b) A tetartohedral solid of the hexagonal system, bounded by six trapezoidal planes. The faces of this form are common on quartz crystals.

Trapezoid

Trap"e*zoid (?), n. [Gr. trap\'82zo\'8bde. See Trapezium.]

1. (Geom.) A plane four-sided figure, having two sides parallel to each other.

2. (Anat.) A bone of the carpus at the base of the second metacarpal, or index finger.

Trapezoid

Trap"e*zoid, a.

1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoidal; as, the trapezoid ligament which connects the coracoid process and the clavicle.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the trapezoid ligament; as, the trapezoid line.

Trapezoidal

Trap`e*zoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. trap\'82zo\'8bdal.]

1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoid.

2. (Min.) Tranpezohedral.

Traphole

Trap"hole (?), n. (Mil.) See Trou-de-loup.

Trappean

Trap"pe*an (?), a. [Cf. F. trapp\'82en. See Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to trap; being of the nature of trap.

Trapper

Trap"per (?), n. [From Trap to insnare.]

1. One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals for their furs. W. Irving.

2. (Mining) A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level. Raymond.

Trappings

Trap"pings (?), n. pl. [From Trap to dress with ornaments.]

1. That which serves to trap or adorn; ornaments; dress; superficial decorations.

Trappings of life, for ornament, not use. Dryden.
These but the trappings and the suits of woe. Shak.

2. Specifically, ornaments to be put on horses.

Caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings. Milton.

Trappist

Trap"pist (?), n. [F. trappiste.] (R. C. Ch.) A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Ranc\'82 in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.
Page 1532

Trappous

Trap"pous (?), n. [From Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or performance to trap; resembling trap, or partaking of its form or qualities; trappy.

Trappures

Trap"pures (?), n. pl. [See Trap to dress.] Trappings for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Trappy

Trap"py (?), a. (Min.) Same as Trappous.

Traps

Traps (?), n. pl. [See Trappings, and Trap to dress.] Small or portable articles for dress, furniture, or use; goods; luggage; things. [Colloq.]

Trapstick

Trap"stick` (?), n. A stick used in playing the game of trapball; hence, fig., a slender leg. Addison.

Trash

Trash (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tros rubbish, leaves, and twigs picked up for fuel, trassi a slovenly fellow, Sw. trasa a rag, tatter.]

1. That which is worthless or useless; rubbish; refuse.

Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak.
A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin. Landor.

2. Especially, loppings and leaves of trees, bruised sugar cane, or the like. &hand; In the West Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are called field trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called cane trash; and both are called trash. B. Edwards.

3. A worthless person. [R.] Shak.

4. A collar, leash, or halter used to restrain a dog in pursuing game. Markham.

Trash ice, crumbled ice mixed with water.

Trash

Trash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trashing.]

1. To free from trash, or worthless matter; hence, to lop; to crop, as to trash the rattoons of sugar cane. B. Edwards.

2. To treat as trash, or worthless matter; hence, to spurn, humiliate, or crush. [Obs.]

3. To hold back by a trash or leash, as a dog in pursuing game; hence, to retard, encumber, or restrain; to clog; to hinder vexatiously. [R.] Beau. & Fl. <-- 4. To turn into trash, usu. maliciously; to destroy; vandalize. -->

Trash

Trash, v. i. To follow with violence and trampling. [R.] The Puritan (1607).

Trashily

Trash"i*ly (?), adv. In a trashy manner.

Trashiness

Trash"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being trashy.

Trashy

Trash"y (?), a. [Compar. Trashier (?); superl. Trashiest.] Like trash; containing much trash; waste; rejected; worthless; useless; as, a trashy novel.

Trass

Trass (?), n. [D. tras or Gr. trass, probably fr. It. terrazzo terrace. See Terrace.] (Geol.) A white to gray volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders; -- sometimes used as a cement. Hence, a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. [Formerly written also tarras, tarrace, terras.] &hand; The Dutch trass is made by burning and grinding a soft grayish rock found on the lower Rhine.

Traulism

Trau"lism (?), n. [Gr. A stammering or stuttering. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

Traumatic

Trau*mat"ic (?), a. [L. traumaticus, Gr. traumatique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to wounds; applied to wounds. Coxe. (b) Adapted to the cure of wounds; vulnerary. Wiseman. (c) Produced by wounds; as, traumatic tetanus. -- n. A traumatic medicine. <-- also applied figuratively to mental harm, and to experiences causing severe mental upset. -->

Traumatism

Trau"ma*tism (?), n. (Med.) A wound or injury directly produced by causes external to the body; also, violence producing a wound or injury; as, rupture of the stomach caused by traumatism.

Traunce

Traunce (?), n. & v. See Trance. [Obs.]

Traunt

Traunt (?), v. i. Same as Trant. [Obs.]

Traunter

Traunt"er (?), n. Same as Tranter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Travail

Trav"ail (?; 48), n. [F. travail; cf. Pr. trabalh, trebalh, toil, torment, torture; probably from LL. trepalium a place where criminals are tortured, instrument of torture. But the French word may be akin to L. trabs a beam, or have been influenced by a derivative from trabs (cf. Trave). Cf. Travel.]

1. Labor with pain; severe toil or exertion.

As everything of price, so this doth require travail. Hooker.

2. Parturition; labor; as, an easy travail.

Travail

Trav"ail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Travailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travailing.] [F. travailler, OF. traveillier, travaillier, to labor, toil, torment; cf. Pr. trebalhar to torment, agitate. See Travail, n.]

1. To labor with pain; to toil. [Archaic] "Slothful persons which will not travail for their livings." Latimer.

2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor.

Travail

Trav"ail, v. t To harass; to tire. [Obs.]
As if all these troubles had not been sufficient to travail the realm, a great division fell among the nobility. Hayward.

Travailous

Trav"ail*ous (?), a. Causing travail; laborious. [Obs.] Wyclif. -- Trav"ail*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Trave

Trave (?), n. [Through French, fr. L. trabs, trabis, a beam; cf. OF. tref a beam, also F. travail a frame to confine a horse, OE. trave, trevys, travise, It. travaglio, F. trav\'82e the space between two beams.]

1. (Arch.) A crossbeam; a lay of joists. Maundrell.

2. A wooden frame to confine an unruly horse or ox while shoeing.

She sprung as a colt doth in the trave. Chaucer.

Travel

Trav"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traveled (?) or Travelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Traveling or Travelling.] [Properly, to labor, and the same word as travail.]

1. To labor; to travail. [Obsoles.] Hooker.

2. To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or through the streets.

3. To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to many places; to journey; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling in California.

4. To pass; to go; to move.

Time travels in divers paces with divers persons. Shak.

Travel

Trav"el (?), v. t.

1. To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent. "I travel this profound." Milton.

2. To force to journey. [R.]

They shall not be traveled forth of their own franchises. Spenser.

Travel

Trav"el, n.

1. The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a journey.

With long travel I am stiff and weary. Shak.
His travels ended at his country seat. Dryden.

2. pl. An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations during a journey; as, a book of travels; -- often used as the title of a book; as, Travels in Italy.

3. (Mach.) The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel of a slide valve.

4. Labor; parturition; travail. [Obs.]

Traveled

Trav"eled (?), a. Having made journeys; having gained knowledge or experience by traveling; hence, knowing; experienced. [Written also travelled.]
The traveled thane, Athenian Aberdeen. Byron.

Traveler

Trav"el*er (?), n. [Written also traveler.]

1. One who travels; one who has traveled much.

2. A commercial agent who travels for the purpose of receiving orders for merchants, making collections, etc.

3. (Mach.) A traveling crane. See under Crane.

4. (Spinning) The metal loop which travels around the ring surrounding the bobbin, in a ring spinner.

5. (Naut.) An iron encircling a rope, bar, spar, or the like, and sliding thereon.

Traveler's joy (Bot.), the Clematis vitalba, a climbing plant with white flowers. -- Traveler's tree. (Bot.) See Ravenala.

Travel-tainted

Trav"el-taint`ed (?), a. Harassed; fatigued with travel. [Obs.] Shak.

Travers

Trav"ers (?), adv. [F. travers, breadth, extent from side, \'85 travers, en travers, de travers, across, athwart. See Traverse, a.] Across; athwart. [Obs.]
The earl . . . caused . . . high trees to be hewn down, and laid travers one over another. Ld. Berners.

Traversable

Trav"ers*a*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of being traversed, or passed over; as, a traversable region.

2. Deniable; specifically (Law), liable to legal objection; as, a traversable presentment. Sir M. Hale.

Traverse

Trav"erse (?), a. [OF. travers, L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn or direct across. See Transverse, and cf. Travers.] Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as, paths cut with traverse trenches.
Oak . . . being strong in all positions, may be better trusted in cross and traverse work. Sir H. Wotton.
The ridges of the fallow field traverse. Hayward.
Traverse drill (Mach.), a machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally.

Traverse

Trav"erse (?), adv. Athwart; across; crosswise.

Traverse

Trav"erse, n. [F. traverse. See Traverse, a.]

1. Anything that traverses, or crosses. Specifically: -- (a) Something that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs; a cross accident; as, he would have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses not under his control. (b) A barrier, sliding door, movable screen, curtain, or the like.

Men drinken and the travers draw anon. Chaucer.
And the entrance of the king, The first traverse was drawn. F. Beaumont.
(c) (Arch.) A gallery or loft of communication from side to side of a church or other large building. Gwilt. (d) (Fort.) A work thrown up to intercept an enfilade, or reverse fire, along exposed passage, or line of work. (e) (Law) A formal denial of some matter of fact alleged by the opposite party in any stage of the pleadings. The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without this which follows. (f) (Naut.) The zigzag course or courses made by a ship in passing from one place to another; a compound course. (g) (Geom.) A line lying across a figure or other lines; a transversal. (h) (Surv.) A line surveyed across a plot of ground. (i) (Gun.) The turning of a gun so as to make it point in any desired direction.

2. A turning; a trick; a subterfuge. [Obs.]

To work, ∨ solve, a traverse (Naut.), to reduce a series of courses or distances to an equivalent single one; to calculate the resultant of a traverse. -- Traverse board (Naut.), a small board hung in the steerage, having the points of the compass marked on it, and for each point as many holes as there are half hours in a watch. It is used for recording the courses made by the ship in each half hour, by putting a peg in the corresponding hole. -- Traverse jury (Law), a jury that tries cases; a petit jury. -- Traverse sailing (Naut.), a sailing by compound courses; the method or process of finding the resulting course and distance from a series of different shorter courses and distances actually passed over by a ship. -- Traverse table. (a) (Naut. & Surv.) A table by means of which the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, usually for every quarter of a degree of angle, and for lengths of the hypothenuse, from 1 to 100. (b) (Railroad) A platform with one or more tracks, and arranged to move laterally on wheels, for shifting cars, etc., from one line of track to another.

Traverse

Trav"erse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traversing.] [Cf. F. traverser. See Traverse, a.]

1. To lay in a cross direction; to cross.

The parts should be often traversed, or crossed, by the flowing of the folds. Dryden.

2. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart with obstacles; to obstruct; to bring to naught.

I can not but . . . admit the force of this reasoning, which I yet hope to traverse. Sir W. Scott.

3. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the habitable globe.

What seas you traversed, and what fields you fought. Pope.

4. To pass over and view; to survey carefully.

My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles, and properties of this detestable vice -- ingratitude. South.

5. (Gun.) To turn to the one side or the other, in order to point in any direction; as, to traverse a cannon.

6. (Carp.) To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to traverse a board.

7. (Law) To deny formally, as what the opposite party has alleged. When the plaintiff or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. To traverse an indictment or an office is to deny it.

And save the expense of long litigious laws, Where suits are traversed, and so little won That he who conquers is but last undone. Dryden.
To traverse a yard (Naut.), to brace it fore and aft.

Traverse

Trav"erse (?), v. i.

1. To use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction, as in fencing.

To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse. Shak.

2. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel; as, the needle of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe guide.

3. To tread or move crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other.

Traverser

Trav"ers*er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, traverses, or moves, as an index on a scale, and the like.

2. (Law) One who traverses, or denies.

3. (Railroad) A traverse table. See under Traverse, n.

Traversing

Trav"ers*ing, a. Adjustable laterally; having a lateral motion, or a swinging motion; adapted for giving lateral motion. Traversing plate (Mil.), one of two thick iron plates at the hinder part of a gun carriage, where the handspike is applied in traversing the piece. Wilhelm. -- Traversing platform (Mil.), a platform for traversing guns.

Travertine

Trav"er*tine (?), n. [F. travertin, It. travertino, tiburtino, L. lapis Tiburtinus, fr. Tibur an ancient town of Latium, now Tivoli.] (Min.) A white concretionary form of calcium carbonate, usually hard and semicrystalline. It is deposited from the water of springs or streams holding lime in solution. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli, near Rome.

Travesty

Trav"es*ty (?), a. [F. travesti, p. p. of travestir to disguise, to travesty, It. travestire, fr. L. trans across, over + vestire to dress, clothe. See Vest.] Disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous; travestied; -- applied to a book or shorter composition. [R.]

Travesty

Trav"es*ty, n.; pl. Travesties (. A burlesque translation or imitation of a work.
The second edition is not a recast, but absolutely a travesty of the first. De Quincey.

Travesty

Trav"es*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Travestied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travesting.] To translate, imitate, or represent, so as to render ridiculous or ludicrous.
I see poor Lucan travestied, not appareled in his Roman toga, but under the cruel shears of an English tailor. Bentley.

Trawl

Trawl (?), v. i. [OF. trauler, troller, F. tr\'93ter, to drag about, to stroll about; probably of Teutonic origin. Cf. Troll, v. t.] To take fish, or other marine animals, with a trawl.

Trawl

Trawl, n.

1. A fishing line, often extending a mile or more, having many short lines bearing hooks attached to it. It is used for catching cod, halibut, etc.; a boulter. [U. S. & Canada]

2. A large bag net attached to a beam with iron frames at its ends, and dragged at the bottom of the sea, -- used in fishing, and in gathering forms of marine life from the sea bottom.

Trawlboat

Trawl"boat` (?), n. A boat used in fishing with trawls or trawlnets.

Trawler

Trawl"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, trawls.

2. A fishing vessel which trails a net behind it.

Trawlerman

Trawl"er*man (?), n.; pl. Trawlermen (. A fisherman who used unlawful arts and engines to catch fish. [Obs.] Cowell.

Trawlnet

Trawl"net` (?), n. Same as Trawl, n., 2.

Trawlwarp

Trawl"warp` (?), n. A rope passing through a block, used in managing or dragging a trawlnet.

Tray

Tray (?), v. t. [OF. tra\'8br, F. trahir, L. tradere. See Traitor.] To betray; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tray

Tray, n.; pl. Trays (#). [OE. treye, AS. treg. Cf. Trough.]

1. A small trough or wooden vessel, sometimes scooped out of a block of wood, for various domestic uses, as in making bread, chopping meat, etc.

2. A flat, broad vessel on which dishes, glasses, etc., are carried; a waiter; a salver.

3. A shallow box, generally without a top, often used within a chest, trunk, box, etc., as a removable receptacle for small or light articles.

Trayful

Tray"ful (?), n.; pl. Trayfuls (. As much as a tray will hold; enough to fill a tray.

Trays

Trays (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Trais. Chaucer.

Tray-trip

Tray"-trip` (?), n. [From Trey a three.] An old game played with dice. [Obs.] Shak.

Treacher

Treach"er (?), n. [OE. trichour, trichur, OF. tricheor deceiver, traitor, F. tricheur a cheat at play, a trickster. See Treachery.] A traitor; a cheat. [Obs.]
Treacher and coward both. Beau. & Fl.

Treacherous

Treach"er*ous (?), a. [See Treacher.] Like a traitor; involving treachery; violating allegiance or faith pledged; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust; faithless.
Loyal father of a treacherous son. Shak.
The treacherous smile, a mask for secret hate. Cowper.
Syn. -- Faithless; perfidious; traitorous; false; insidious; plotting. -- Treach"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Treach"er*ous*ness, n.

Treachery

Treach"er*y (?), n. [OE. trecher\'8be, trichere, OF. trecherie, tricherie, F. tricherie trickery, from tricher to cheat, to trick, OF. trichier, trechier; probably of Teutonic origin. See Trickery, Trick.] Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence; treasonable or perfidious conduct; perfidy; treason.
Page 1533

Be ware, ye lords, of their treachery. Chaucer.
In the council chamber at Edinburgh, he had contracted a deep taint of treachery and corruption. Macaulay.

Treachetour, Treachour

Treach"e*tour (?), Treach"our (?), n. [See Treacher.] A traitor. [Obs.] "Treachour full of false despite." Spenser.

Treacle

Trea"cle (tr&emac;"k'l), n. [OE. triacle a sovereign remedy, theriac, OF. triacle, F. th\'82riaque (cf. Pr. triacla, tiriaca, Sp. & It. triaca, teriaca), L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of poisonous animals, Gr. qhri`on a beast, a wild beast, dim. of qh`r a beast. Cf. Theriac.]

1. (Old Med.) A remedy against poison. See Theriac, 1.

We kill the viper, and make treacle of him. Jer. Taylor.

2. A sovereign remedy; a cure. [Obs.]

Christ which is to every harm treacle. Chaucer
.

3. Molasses; sometimes, specifically, the molasses which drains from the sugar-refining molds, and which is also called sugarhouse molasses. &hand; In the United States molasses is the common name; in England, treacle.

4. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, sycamore, and the like.

Treacle mustard (Bot.), a name given to several species of the cruciferous genus Erysimum, especially the E. cheiranthoides, which was formerly used as an ingredient in Venice treacle, or theriac. -- Treacle water, a compound cordial prepared in different ways from a variety of ingredients, as hartshorn, roots of various plants, flowers, juices of plants, wines, etc., distilled or digested with Venice treacle. It was formerly regarded as a medicine of great virtue. Nares. Venice treacle. (Old Med.) Same as Theriac, 1.

Treacly

Trea"cly (?), a. Like, or composed of, treacle.

Tread

Tread (?), v. i. [imp. Trod (?); p. p. Trodden (?), Trod; p. pr. & vb. n. Treading.] [OE. treden, AS. tredan; akin to OFries. treda, OS. tredan, D. & LG. treden, G. treten, OHG. tretan, Icel. tro, Sw. tr\'86da, tr\'84da, Dan. tr\'91de, Goth. trudan, and perhaps ultimately to F. tramp; cf. Gr. dram to run. Cf. Trade, Tramp, Trot.]

1. To set the foot; to step.

Where'er you tread, the blushing flowers shall rise. Pope.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. Pope.
The hard stone Under our feet, on which we tread and go. Chaucer.

2. To walk or go; especially, to walk with a stately or a cautious step.

Ye that . . . stately tread, or lowly creep. Milton.

3. To copulate; said of birds, esp. the males. Shak.

To tread on ∨ upon. (a) To trample; to set the foot on in contempt. "Thou shalt tread upon their high places." Deut. xxxiii. 29. (b) to follow closely. "Year treads on year." Wordsworth. -- To tread upon the heels of, to follow close upon. "Dreadful consequences that tread upon the heels of those allowances to sin." Milton.
One woe doth tread upon another's heel. Shak.

Tread

Tread, v. t.

1. To step or walk on.

Forbid to tread the promised land he saw. Prior.
Methought she trod the ground with greater grace. Dryden.

2. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land when too light; a well-trodden path.

3. To go through or accomplish by walking, dancing, or the like. " I am resolved to forsake Malta, tread a pilgrimage to fair Jerusalem." Beau. & Fl.

They have measured many a mile, To tread a measure with you on this grass. Shak.

4. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred; to subdue.

Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us. Ps. xliv. 5.

5. To copulate with; to feather; to cover; -- said of the male bird. Chaucer.

To tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out, as wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses. -- To tread the stage, to act as a stageplayer; to perform a part in a drama.

Tread

Tread, n.

1. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; a footstep; as, a nimble tread; a cautious tread.

She is coming, my own, my sweet; Were it ever so airy a tread, My heart would hear her and beat. Tennyson.

2. Manner or style of stepping; action; gait; as, the horse has a good tread.

3. Way; track; path. [R.] Shak.

4. The act of copulation in birds.

5. (Arch.) The upper horizontal part of a step, on which the foot is placed.

6. (Fort.) The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over the parapet.

7. (Mach.) (a) The part of a wheel that bears upon the road or rail. (b) The part of a rail upon which car wheels bear.

8. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the treadle.

9. (Far.) A bruise or abrasion produced on the foot or ankle of a horse that interferes. See Interfere, 3.

Treadboard

Tread"board` (?), n. [Arch.] See Tread, n., 5.

Treader

Tread"er (?), n. One who treads. Isa. xvi. 10.

Treadfowl

Tread"fowl` (?), n. A cock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Treadle

Trea"dle (?), n. [OE. tredyl a step, AS. tredel. See Tread.]

1. The part of a foot lathe, or other machine, which is pressed or moved by the foot.

2. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the tread.

Treadmill

Tread"mill` (?), n. A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It is used principally as a means of prison discipline. Also, a mill worked by horses, dogs, etc., treading an endless belt.<-- or for physical exercise -->

Tread-softly

Tread"-soft`ly (?), n. (Bot.) Spurge nettle. See under Nettle.

Treadwheel

Tread"wheel` (?), n. A wheel turned by persons or animals, by treading, climbing, or pushing with the feet, upon its periphery or face. See Treadmill.

Treague

Treague (?), n. [It. tregua; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. true.] A truce. [Obs.] Spenser.

Treason

Trea"son (?), n. [OE. tresun, treisun, traisoun, OF. tra\'8bson, F. trahison, L. traditio a giving up, a delivering up, fr. tradere to give up, betray. See Traitor, and cf. Tradition.]

1. The offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power; disloyalty; treachery.

The treason of the murthering in the bed. Chaucer.
&hand; In monarchies, the killing of the sovereign, or an attempt to take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the death of the king, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent to the crown, is high treason, as are many other offenses created by statute. In the United States, treason is confined to the actual levying of war against the United States, or to an adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

2. Loosely, the betrayal of any trust or confidence; treachery; perfidy.

If he be false, she shall his treason see. Chaucer.
Petit treason. See under Petit.

Treasonable

Trea"son*a*ble (?), a. Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt.
Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and treasonable practices. Clarendon.
Syn. -- Treacherous; traitorous; perfidious; insidious. --Trea"son*a*ble*ness, n. -- Trea"son*a*bly, adv.

Treasonous

Trea"son*ous (?), a. Treasonable. Shak.
The treasonous book of the Court of King James. Pepys.

Treasure

Treas"ure (?), n. [OE. tresor, tresour, F. tr\'82sor, L. thesaurus, Gr. Thesis, and cf. Thesaurus.]

1. Wealth accumulated; especially, a stock, or store of money in reserve.

This treasure hath fortune unto us given. Chaucer.

2. A great quantity of anything collected for future use; abundance; plenty.

We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey. Jer. xli. 8.

3. That which is very much valued.

Ye shall be peculiar treasure unto me. Ex. xix. 5.
From thy wardrobe bring thy chiefest treasure. Milton.
Treasure city, a city for stores and magazines. Ex. i. 11.

Treasure

Treas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treasuring.] To collect and deposit, as money or other valuable things, for future use; to lay up; to hoard; usually with up; as, to treasure up gold.

Treasure-house

Treas"ure-house` (?), n. A house or building where treasures and stores are kept.

Treasurer

Treas"ur*er (?), n. [OE. tresourer, F. tr\'82sorier.] One who has the care of a treasure or treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties, or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders made by the proper authority; one who has charge of collected funds; as, the treasurer of a society or corporation. Lord high treasurer of England, formerly, the third great officer of the crown. His office is now executed by five persons styled the lords commissioners of the treasury, or treasury lords.

Treasurership

Treas"ur*er*ship, n. The office of treasurer.

Treasuress

Treas"ur*ess, n. A woman who is a treasurer. [R.]

Treasure-trove

Treas"ure-trove` (?), n. [Treasure + OF. trov\'82, F. trouv\'82, p. p. of OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See Trover.] (Common Law) Any money, bullion, or the like, found in the earth, or otherwise hidden, the owner of which is not known. In England such treasure belongs to the crown; whereas similar treasure found in the sea, or upon the surface of the land, belongs to the finder if no owner appears.

Treasury

Treas"ur*y (?), n.; pl. Treasuries (#). [OE. tresorie, F. tr\'82sorerie.]

1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited; especially, a place where public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; hence, also, the place of deposit and disbursement of any collected funds.

2. That department of a government which has charge of the finances.

3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse.

4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge, wisdom, wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, " Maunder's Treasury of Botany."

5. A treasure. [Obs.] Marston.

Board of treasury, the board to which is intrusted the management of all matters relating to the sovereign's civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Treasury bench, the first row of seats on the right hand of the Speaker in the House of Commons; -- so called because occupied by the first lord of the treasury and chief minister of the crown. [Eng.] -- Treasury lord. See Lord high treasurer of England, under Treasurer. [Eng.] -- Treasury note (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill issued by government authority from the Treasury Department, and receivable in payment of dues to the government.

Treat

Treat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treated; p. pr. & vb. n. Treating.] [OE. treten, OF. traitier, F. traiter, from L. tractare to draw violently, to handle, manage, treat, v. intens. from trahere, tractum, to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Entreat, Retreat, Trait.]

1. To handle; to manage; to use; to bear one's self toward; as, to treat prisoners cruelly; to treat children kindly.

2. To discourse on; to handle in a particular manner, in writing or speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely.

3. To entertain with food or drink, especially the latter, as a compliment, or as an expression of friendship or regard; as, to treat the whole company.

4. To negotiate; to settle; to make terms for. [Obs.]

To treat the peace, a hundred senators Shall be commissioned. Dryden.

5. (Med.) To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound, or a patient.

6. To subject to some action; to apply something to; as, to treat a substance with sulphuric acid. Ure.

7. To entreat; to beseech. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Treat

Treat (?), v. i.

1. To discourse; to handle a subject in writing or speaking; to make discussion; -- usually with of; as, Cicero treats of old age and of duties.

And, shortly of this story for to treat. Chaucer.
Now of love they treat. Milton.

2. To negotiate; to come to terms of accommodation; -- often followed by with; as, envoys were appointed to treat with France.

Inform us, will the emperor treat! Swift.

3. To give a gratuitous entertainment, esp. of food or drink, as a compliment.

Treat

Treat, n.

1. A parley; a conference. [Obs.]

Bid him battle without further treat. Spenser.

2. An entertainment given as an expression of regard.

3. That which affords entertainment; a gratification; a satisfaction; as, the concert was a rich treat.

Treatable

Treat"a*ble (?), a. [OE. tretable, F. traitable, L. tractabilis. See Treat, and cf. Tractable.] Manageable; tractable; hence, moderate; not violent. [Obs.] " A treatable disposition, a strong memory." R. Parr.
A kind of treatable dissolution. Hooker.
The heats or the colds of seasons are less treatable than with us. Sir W. Temple.

Treatably

Treat"a*bly, adv. In a treatable manner. [Obs.]

Treater

Treat"er (?), n. One who treats; one who handles, or discourses on, a subject; also, one who entertains.

Treatise

Trea"tise (?), n. [OE. tretis, OF. treitis, traitis, well made. See Treat.]

1. A written composition on a particular subject, in which its principles are discussed or explained; a tract. Chaucer.

He published a treatise in which he maintained that a marriage between a member of the Church of England and a dissenter was a nullity. Macaulay.
&hand; A treatise implies more form and method than an essay, but may fall short of the fullness and completeness of a systematic exposition.

2. Story; discourse. [R.] Shak.

Treatiser

Trea"tis*er (?), n. One who writes a treatise. [Obs.]

Treatment

Treat"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. traitement. See Treat.]

1. The act or manner of treating; management; manipulation; handling; usage; as, unkind treatment; medical treatment.

2. Entertainment; treat. [Obs.]

Accept such treatment as a swain affords. Pope.

Treature

Trea"ture (?), n. Treatment. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Treaty

Trea"ty (?), n.; pl. Treaties (#). [OE. tretee, F. trait\'82, LL. tractatus; cf. L. tractatus a handling, treatment, consultation, tractate. See Treat, and cf. Tractate.]

1. The act of treating for the adjustment of differences, as for forming an agreement; negotiation. "By sly and wise treaty." Chaucer.

He cast by treaty and by trains Her to persuade. Spenser.

2. An agreement so made; specifically, an agreement, league, or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns, or the supreme power of each state; an agreement between two or more independent states; as, a treaty of peace; a treaty of alliance.

3. A proposal tending to an agreement. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A treatise; a tract. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Treble

Tre"ble (?), a. [OE. treble threefold, OF. treble, treible, L. triplus. See Triple.]

1. Threefold; triple.

A lofty tower, and strong on every side With treble walls. Dryden.

2. (Mus.) (a) Acute; sharp; as, a treble sound. Bacon. (b) Playing or singing the highest part or most acute sounds; playing or singing the treble; as, a treble violin or voice.

Treble

Tre"ble, adv. Trebly; triply. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

Treble

Tre"ble, n. [" It has been said to be a corruption of triplum [Lat.], a third part, superadded to the altus and bassus (high and low)." Grove.] (Mus.) The highest of the four principal parts in music; the part usually sung by boys or women; soprano. &hand; This is sometimes called the first treble, to distinguish it from the second treble, or alto, which is sung by lower female voices.

Treble

Tre"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trebled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trebling.]

1. To make thrice as much; to make threefold. "Love trebled life." Tennyson.

2. To utter in a treble key; to whine. [Obs.]

He outrageously (When I accused him) trebled his reply. Chapman.

Treble

Tre"ble, v. i. To become threefold. Swift.

Trebleness

Tre"ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being treble; as, the trebleness of tones. Bacon.

Treblet

Treb"let (?), n. Same as Triblet.

Trebly

Tre"bly (?), adv. In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity; triply. Swift.

Trebuchet, Trebucket

Treb"u*chet (?), Tre"buck*et (?), n. [OF. trebuchet, trebukiet, an engine of war for hurling stones, F. tr\'82buchet a gin, trap, a kind of balance, fr. OF. trebuchier, trebuquier, to stumble, trip, F. tr\'82bucher.]

1. A cucking stool; a tumbrel. Cowell.

2. A military engine used in the Middle Ages for throwing stones, etc. It acted by means of a great weight fastened to the short arm of a lever, which, being let fall, raised the end of the long arm with great velocity, hurling stones with much force.

Page 1534

3. A kind of balance for weighing. [Obs.]

Trechometer

Tre*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An odometer for vehicles. Knight.

Treckschuyt

Treck"schuyt` (?), n. [D. trekschuit; trekken to draw + schuit a boat. Cf. Trackscout.] A covered boat for goods and passengers, used on the Dutch and Flemish canals.

Treddle

Tred"dle (?), n. [See Treadle.]

1. See Treadle.

2. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Ford.

3. pl. The dung of sheep or hares. Holland.

Tredille

Tre*dille" (?), n. A game at cards for three.

Tree

Tree (?), n. [OE. tree, tre, treo, AS. tre\'a2, tre\'a2w, tree, wood; akin to OFries. tr, OS. treo, trio, Icel. tr, Dan. tr\'91, Sw. tr\'84, tr\'84d, Goth. triu, Russ. drevo, W. derw an oak, Ir. darag, darog, Gr. dru tree, wood, d\'beru wood. Dryad, Germander, Tar, n., Trough.]

1. (Bot.) Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk. &hand; The kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree, apple tree, pear tree, etc.

2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree.

3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like.

4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree.

[Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Acts x. 39.

5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] Chaucer.

In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20).

6. (Chem.) A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead.

Tree bear (Zo\'94l.), the raccoon. [Local, U.S.] -- Tree beetle (Zo\'94l.) any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose chafer, and the goldsmith beetle. -- Tree bug (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They belong to Arma, Pentatoma, Rhaphigaster, and allied genera. -- Tree cat (Zool.), the common paradoxure (Paradoxurus musang). -- Tree clover (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot (Melilotus alba). See Melilot. -- Tree crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse crab. See under Purse. -- Tree creeper (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of arboreal creepers belonging to Certhia, Climacteris, and allied genera. See Creeper, 3. -- Tree cricket (Zo\'94l.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket (Ecanthus niv&oe;us) which is noted for its loud stridulation; -- called also white cricket. -- Tree crow (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Old World crows belonging to Crypsirhina and allied genera, intermediate between the true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and without a tooth. -- Tree dove (Zo\'94l.) any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic doves belonging to Macropygia and allied genera. They have long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed mainly on fruit. -- Tree duck (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of ducks belonging to Dendrocygna and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. -- Tree fern (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk, sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species are tropical. -- Tree fish (Zo\'94l.), a California market fish (Sebastichthys serriceps). -- Tree frog. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Same as Tree toad. (b) Any one of numerous species of Old World frogs belonging to Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and allied genera of the family Ranid\'91. Their toes are furnished with suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under Flying) is an example. -- Tree goose (Zo\'94l.), the bernicle goose. -- Tree hopper (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small leaping hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in the form of a spine or crest. -- Tree jobber (Zo\'94l.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] -- Tree kangaroo. (Zo\'94l.) See Kangaroo. -- Tree lark (Zo\'94l.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tree lizard (Zo\'94l.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards (Dendrosauria) comprising the chameleons. -- Tree lobster. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tree crab, above. -- Tree louse (Zo\'94l.), any aphid; a plant louse. -- Tree moss. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b) Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree. -- Tree mouse (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of African mice of the subfamily Dendromyin\'91. They have long claws and habitually live in trees. -- Tree nymph, a wood nymph. See Dryad. -- Tree of a saddle, a saddle frame. -- Tree of heaven (Bot.), an ornamental tree (Ailantus glandulosus) having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a disagreeable odor. -- Tree of life (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vit\'91. -- Tree onion (Bot.), a species of garlic (Allium proliferum) which produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers. -- Tree oyster (Zo\'94l.), a small American oyster (Ostrea folium) which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; -- called also raccoon oyster. -- Tree pie (Zo\'94l.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus Dendrocitta. The tree pies are allied to the magpie. -- Tree pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of longwinged arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging to Megaloprepia, Carpophaga, and allied genera. -- Tree pipit. (Zo\'94l.) See under Pipit. -- Tree porcupine (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Central and South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera Ch\'91tomys and Sphingurus. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail, only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines mixed with bristles. One South American species (S. villosus) is called also couiy; another (S. prehensilis) is called also c&oe;ndou. -- Tree rat (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large ratlike West Indian rodents belonging to the genera Capromys and Plagiodon. They are allied to the porcupines. -- Tree serpent (Zo\'94l.), a tree snake. -- Tree shrike (Zo\'94l.), a bush shrike. -- Tree snake (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the genus Dendrophis. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and are not venomous. -- Tree sorrel (Bot.), a kind of sorrel (Rumex Lunaria) which attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe. -- Tree sparrow (Zo\'94l.) any one of several species of small arboreal sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow (Spizella monticola), and the common European species (Passer montanus). -- Tree swallow (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of swallows of the genus Hylochelidon which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees. They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also martin in Australia. -- Tree swift (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of swifts of the genus Dendrochelidon which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. -- Tree tiger (Zo\'94l.), a leopard. -- Tree toad (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of amphibians belonging to Hyla and allied genera of the family Hylid\'91. They are related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and leaves of trees. Only one species (Hyla arborea) is found in Europe, but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree toad of the Northern United States (H. versicolor) is noted for the facility with which it changes its colors. Called also tree frog. See also Piping frog, under Piping, and Cricket frog, under Cricket. -- Tree warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of arboreal warblers belonging to Phylloscopus and allied genera. -- Tree wool (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine trees.

Tree

Tree (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treeing.]

1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel. J. Burroughs.

2. To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.

Treebeard

Tree"beard` (?), n. (Bot.) A pendulous branching lichen (Usnea barbata); -- so called from its resemblance to hair.

Treeful

Tree"ful (?), n.; pl. Treefuls (. The quantity or number which fills a tree.

Treeless

Tree"less, a Destitute of trees. C. Kingsley.

Treen

Treen (?), a. [AS. tre\'a2wen.]

1. Made of wood; wooden. [Obs.] " Treen cups." Camden.

2. Relating to, or drawn from, trees. [Obs.] Spenser.

Treen liquors, especially that of the date. Evelyn.

Treen

Treen, obs. pl. of Tree. " The shady treen." Fairfax.

Treenail

Tree"nail` (?), n. [Tree + nail.] (Shipbuilding) A long wooden pin used in fastening the planks of a vessel to the timbers or to each other. [Written also trenail, and trunnel.]

Trefle

Tre"fle (?), n. [F. tr\'82fle. See Trefoil.] (Fort.) A species of time; -- so called from its resemblance in form to a trefoil.

Tr\'82fl\'82

Tr\'82`fl\'82" (?), a. [F. tr\'82fl\'82. See Trefoil.] (Her.) Having a three-lobed extremity or extremities, as a cross; also, more rarely, ornamented with trefoils projecting from the edges, as a bearing.

Trefoil

Tre"foil (?), n. [L. tres three + E. foil leaf; cf. F. fr\'8afle, It. trifoglio, L. trifolium. See Tri-, Foil leaf, and cf. Trifoly.]

1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Trifolium, which includes the white clover, red clover, etc.; -- less properly, applied also to the nonesuch, or black medic. See Clover, and Medic.

2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation consisting of three divisions, or foils.

3. (Her.) A charge representing the clover leaf.

Trefoiled

Tre"foiled` (?), a. (Her.) Same as Tr\'82fl\'82.

Treget

Treg"et (?), n. [See Tregetour.] Guile; trickery. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Tregetour

Treg"et*our (?), n. [OE. tresgeteor. See Trans-, and Jet a shooting forth.] A juggler who produces illusions by the use of elaborate machinery. [Obs.]
Divers appearances Such as these subtle tregetours play. Chaucer.

Tregetry

Treg"et*ry (?), n. Trickery; also, a trick. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Trehala

Tre*ha"la (?), n. (Chem.) An amorphous variety of manna obtained from the nests and cocoons of a Syrian coleopterous insect (Larinus maculatus, L. nidificans, etc.) which feeds on the foliage of a variety of thistle. It is used as an article of food, and is called also nest sugar.

Trehalose

Tre"ha*lose` (?), n. (Chem.) Mycose; -- so called because sometimes obtained from trehala.

Treillage

Treil"lage (?), n. [F. treillage. See Trellis.] Latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis. Spectator.
I shall plant the roses against my treillage to-morrow. Walpole.

Trellis

Trel"lis (?), n. [OE. relis, F. treillis, fr. treille vine arbor, fr. L. tricla, triclea, triclia, a bower, arbor, summer house.] A structure or frame of crossbarred work, or latticework, used for various purposes, as for screens or for supporting plants.

Trellised

Trel"lised (?), a. Having a trellis or trellises.
Cottages trellised over with exotic plants. Jeffrey.

Tremando

Tre*man"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Trembling; -- used as a direction to perform a passage with a general shaking of the whole chord.

Trematode

Trem"a*tode (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trematodea. Also used adjectively.

Trematodea

Trem`a*to"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of parasitic worms. They are found in the internal cavities of animals belonging to all classes. Many species are found, also, on the gills and skin of fishes. A few species are parasitic on man, and some, of which the fluke is the most important, are injurious parasites of domestic animals. The trematodes usually have a flattened body covered with a chitinous skin, and are furnished with two or more suckers for adhesion. Most of the species are hermaphrodite. Called also Trematoda, and Trematoidea. See Fluke, Tristoma, and Cercaria.

Trematoid

Trem"a*toid (?), a. [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) f or pertaining to the Trematodea. See Illustration in Appendix.

Tremble

Trem"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trembled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trembling (?).] [F. trembler, fr. L. tremulus trembling, tremulous, fr. tremere to shake, tremble; akin to Gr. trimti. Cf. Tremulous, Tremor.]

1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder; -- said of a person or an animal.

I tremble still with fear. Shak.
Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke. Dryden.

2. To totter; to shake; -- said of a thing.

The Mount of Sinai, whose gray top Shall tremble. Milton.

3. To quaver or shake, as sound; to be tremulous; as the voice trembles.